bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Az eucharisztia tiszteletének szimbolikus-építészeti formái.
Authors: Veress Ferenc 
Published: September 2020

Tanulmányomban a templomhomlokzat és az oltárépítmény felépítésének, tagoló rendszerének párhuzamaira kívántam felhívni a figyelmet. Mind a homlokzatoknak, mind az oltárarchitektúráknak a tervezői építészek voltak, így természetes, hogy hasonló motívumokat használtak fel mind a két esetben. A tridenti zsinat utáni katolikus megújulás fontos szereplője, Borromei Szent Károly, új tabernákulumformát és tértípust hozott létre a lombard építész, Pellegrino Tibaldi közreműködésével. Pellegrinónak kulcsszerepe volt a jezsuita templomtípus megteremtésében, tervei nyomán nem csupán Milánóban, hanem Torinóban is épült templom; hatása kimutatható a bécsi domonkos templom homlokzatán is, amelynek építésze, a bissonei Giovanni Giacomo Tencalla családjának több tagja révén közvetíthette Magyarországra az itáliai hatást. Az építészek, mint például a bécsi Kirche am Hof tervezője, a luganói Filiberto Lucchese, maguk is terveztek oltárokat, vagy közreműködtek a stukkátorokkal, akik gyakran ugyanabból a régióból érkeztek, mint a tervező építész. Így fordulhatott elő, hogy a nyugat-dunántúli stukkóoltárokat általában észak-itáliai mesterek készítették a templomhomlokzatok nyomán.Summary. This study proposes to re-examine the dynamic interaction between the frontispiece of the church and the high altar. While the façade often functions as an open-air altarpiece, the altar itself is a “gate of Paradise.” Both the frontispieces and the altar structures were designed by architects, consequently, they use similar motives. Carlo Borromeo, as a key-figure of post-tridentine church reformed the sacred space and the tabernacle of the Cathedral in Milan following the designs of Pellegrino Tibaldi. Pellegrino played an eminent role in creating a new Jesuit church-type in San Fedele, Milan, which served as a model for the Corpus Christi basilica in Torino as well as for the Santa Maria Dominican Church in Vienna. The latter one was planned by Giovanni Giacomo Tencalla from Bissone (Lugano), and from the same family stemmed well-known stuccators and painters, who also worked for Hungarian commissioners. The architect of the Jesuit church Kirche am Hof in Vienna, Filiberto Lucchese, also worked for the Batthyány family, and designed altarpieces. In this way, we are able to establish a strong interaction between the altar-structure and façade, bringing considerable novelty in analysing architectural forms and design.
Fiscal policy and growth in a small emerging economy: The case of Bulgaria
Authors: Stoilova Desislava , Patonov Nikolay 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to study the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth in Bulgaria for the period 1995–2018. The descriptive analysis is focused on the general trends in fiscal policy and tax structure. The influence of government spending and taxation on economic growth is studied through regressions on time-series data. The empirical estimates prove that taxation is a more reliable instrument of fiscal policy than government spending in terms of a small open emerging-market economy. The dilution of the effect of public spending is probably caused by the high negative values of the current account balance that have been maintained for long periods. Thus, when domestic supply is weak, government expenditure cannot stimulate domestic production, as supply is dominated by import goods. Public investments demonstrate a negative effect on economic growth, which suggests a low productivity of investment spending. A factor of great importance is the level of corruption, which is strongly correlated with government investments, but is harmful to their efficiency. The Bulgarian tax system demonstrates consistency with economic growth. The receipts from value-added tax seems growth-conductive. The decrease of the corporate income tax rate exerts a positive impact on economc performance during the analyzed period, while personal income taxation demonstrates a negative effect. Property taxation has no significant relation with the growth of the Bulgarian economy.
Taxation and growth: Why does it matter and how can it be analysed?
Authors: Barrios Salvador 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe growth impact of tax reforms is probably one of the most controversial issues in economic policy discussions, reflecting deep beliefs in the way economic agents are expected to react to policy changes. The optimal tax theory literature provides a wide array of arguments to identify the mechanisms through which tax reforms might influence growth, depending on the tax category considered and the circumstances under which tax reforms are implemented. The empirical literature has relied on the use of cross-country growth regressions and provided general results leading to normative conclusions on the desirability of specific tax reform options. However, recent research has shown that this approach yields inconclusive results, notably due to identification and endogeneity issues, and the difficulty to account for the true determinants of governments' actions. The dynamic scoring approach combining microsimulation and macro models proves more useful in this respect, especially in order to draw policy recommendations while accounting for the second-round effects of tax reforms. I illustrate these arguments by analysing the growth impact of a hypothetical change from the current flat personal income tax (PIT) rates to progressive taxes in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. I find that the estimated impact of such a reform would be rather small but positive when using the dynamic scoring method, while the less-reliable traditional growth regressions would suggest adverse growth effects.
Historians Respond to Whitehouse et al. (2019), “Complex Societies Precede Moralizing Gods Throughout World History”
Authors: Slingerland Edward , Monroe M. Willis , Sullivan Brenton , Walsh Robyn Faith , Veidlinger Daniel , Noseworthy William , Herriott Conn , Raffield Ben , Peterson Janine Larmon , Rodríguez Gretel , Sonik Karen , Green William , Tappenden Frederick S. , Ashtari Amir , Muthukrishna Michael , Spicer Rachel 
Published: September 2020

As historians, archaeologists, and database analysts affiliated with the Database of Religious History (DRH; religiondatabase.org), we share with the Seshat: Global History Databank team, authors of a recent study published in Nature, an excitement about the potential for deep and sustained collaborations between historians and analysts to answer big questions about human history. We have serious concerns, however, by the approach to the quantitative coding of historical data taken by the Seshat team, as revealed in the backing data (seshatdatabank.info/nature), as well as by a lack of clarity concerning the degree of involvement of expert historians in the coding process. The apparent lack of appreciation for historical scholarship that this coding strategy displays runs the risk of permanently alienating the community of academic historians, who are essential future collaborators in any project devoted to large-scale historical data analysis. In the present commentary, we present a preliminary critical review of their latest article, “Complex Societies Precede Moralizing Gods Throughout World History” (2019).
The Modified Kumaraswamy Weibull Distribution: Properties and Applications in Reliability and Engineering Sciences
Authors: Mead M. E. , Afify Ahmed , Butt Nadeem Shafique 
Published: September 2020

We introduce the Kumaraswamy alpha power-G (KAP-G) family which extends the alpha power family (Mahdavi and Kundu, 2017) and some other families. We consider the Weibull as baseline for the KAP family and generate Kumaraswamy alpha power Weibull distribution which has right-skewed, left-skewed, symmetrical, and reversed-J shaped densities, and decreasing, increasing, bathtub, upside-down bathtub, increasing-decreasing–increasing, J shaped and reversed-J shaped hazard rates. The proposed distribution can model non-monotone and monotone failure rates which are quite common in engineering and reliability studies. Some basic mathematical properties of the new model are derived. The maximum likelihood estimation method is used to evaluate the parameters and the observed information matrix is determined. The performance and flexibility of the proposed family is illustrated via two real data applications.
Préparation à l'externat : études médicales de premier cycle à l’Université d’Ottawa
Authors: Bruyninx Gladys , Cusson Victoria Marie , De Laplante Stefan 
Published: September 2020

Pour les étudiants en médecine, la transition entre le pré-externat et l’externat est une période clé du programme médical de quatre ans. À l’Université d’Ottawa, il a été démontré qu’il y a un manque de satisfaction au sein des étudiants en ce qui a trait à leur préparation à l’externat.
Cette étude d’amélioration de la qualité vise à apporter des recommandations afin d’améliorer le curriculum médical actuel de manière à améliorer la préparation à l’externat en s’attardant particulièrement à l’unité d’intégration et au stage préparatoire. Une revue de la littérature a été complétée afin de faire ressortir les concepts théoriques sur lesquels se fondent les modifications au curriculum qui ont pour but d’améliorer l’intégration de connaissances lors du pré-externat. Le mapping du curriculum de l’unité d’intégration et du stage préparatoire a également été effectué afin de conceptualiser et concrétiser l’incorporation des modifications au curriculum.
Lors de l’unité d’intégration, le curriculum est divisé en 54% de cours didactiques, 19% d’activités pratiques et 21% d’ateliers. Pour le stage préparatoire, 22,3% était alloué aux cours didactiques, 28,6% aux ateliers et 48% à la pratique en milieu hospitalier. La préparation à l’externat peut être améliorée en optimisant l’intégration au cours du pré-externat, particulièrement durant la dernière unité de la deuxième année (unité d’intégration). Des modifications potentiellement bénéfiques comprennent : prioriser l’apprentissage actif à l’apprentissage passif ; mettre l’intégration cognitive en premier plan en salles de classe ; bâtir progressivement en complexité en visant à avoir les sujets les plus complexes à la fin du pré-externat en utilisant une approche de cycle de vie; et associer une séance de développement des compétences des cliniques à chaque séance d’apprentissage par cas.
E-cigarette use among Canadian Youth: A review of the literature using an interdisciplinary lens
Authors: Oostlander Samantha , Hajjar Julia , Pausé Elise 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The increasing use of e-cigarettes among Canadian youth is a concerning population health issue. Vaping, the act of using an e-cigarette, was initially marketed as a healthier alternative to smoking traditional cigarettes, however its use is having unintended negative consequences on those who use them. One of the most concerning consequences is the presence of “e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury” (EVALI) which had led to hospitalization. Youth in particular are an overrepresented demographic affected by these negative consequences, likely as a result of both exposure to marketing, which is a well-established determinant of youth behavior as well as inadequate public policy. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the literature surrounding the issue of e-cigarette use among youth from an interdisciplinary perspective. Method: A narrative review was conducted to summarize the state of e-cigarette use among young Canadians and conceptualize this problem from the perspective of public policy, followed by biomedicine, health economics and education. Results: The results of this review are a summary of the current state of the literature framed with an interdisciplinary perspective. Recommendations for how these interdisciplinary perspectives can be brought together to provide effective solutions for this population health issue are provided. Conclusion: Identifying and understanding this problem through an interdisciplinary approach has the potential to create effective and sustainable solutions. Partnerships between school boards and governmental bodies can enhance educational resource allocation and align messaging to youth through several platforms.
Improving surgical safety checklist completion using distributed responsibility of checklist item completion among operating room team members: A quality improvement project
Authors: Jain Mehr 
Published: September 2020

Background. Surgical safety checklists are a standard of care for safe operating room practice, but their use has not been associated with reductions in adverse perioperative outcomes in some settings. Non-adherence and partial checklist completion may contribute to this lack of effect.
Objective. To examine whether a surgical safety checklist using distributed responsibility of checklist item completion, by allocation of questions and responses among operating room staff, increases surgical safety checklist compliance.
Methods. With Quality and Risk Management approval, a multicomponent strategy consisting of novel surgical safety checklist focused on distributed responsibility of checklist item completion was evaluated in orthopaedic operating rooms at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, from July to August 2016 using a before-and-after study design. The intervention consisted of a wall-mounted reusable checklist with questions and responses designated to specific operating room team members. Team training was provided beforehand, operating room team leaders were identified to promote the intervention, and revisions to the checklist content and process were implemented based on feedback on feasibility and clinical sensibility.
Results. A total of 45 and 59 children were included in pre-intervention and intervention groups, respectively. Overall, 87% (1,354/1,560) of checklist items were observed. Checklist item completion was significantly increased in the post-intervention group (77% [615/802]) compared with the pre-intervention group (27% [150/522]) (P<0.001).
Conclusions. These findings suggest that a multicomponent strategy of designating responsibility for item completion among operating room team members and using a memory aid can improve compliance with surgical safety checklist item completion.
Transdermal estradiol as a novel treatment for Peyronie's disease: A case report
Authors: Thuswaldner Jessie 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: This is a single‐patient case report of a (now) 75-year old married male with long-standing Peyronie’s disease (PD). The patient’s main symptoms were painful erections as well as secondary anxiety and depression. Resolution of these symptoms was achieved with transdermal estradiol treatment.
Objectives: To describe a patient with PD, whose persistently painful erections and psychologic distress were eliminated by a novel treatment involving transdermal estradiol. This report also aims to present a novel treatment for patients with paraphilias.
Methods: An interview with the patient, chart review, and a literature search were conducted. Informed consent was obtained from the patient and this report was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at the Royal Hospital in Ottawa.
Results: Treatment with transdermal estradiol decreased the patient’s sex drive and virtually eliminated his erections with no undesirable side effects. The patient and his wife still enjoy sexual relations without the need for penile erection.
Conclusions: This case report presents a novel treatment for PD. It also introduces a novel method to treat men who wish to decrease their sex drive (e.g. men with paraphilic disorders). Replication of this treatment intervention in men with PD and new studies of its use in men with paraphilic disorders are warranted.
Orthodontic interventions during covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Sonal  , Mahajan Shally , Srivastava Vipul , Tandon Ragni , Asok Nikhil 
Published: September 2020

To provide a comprehensive summary of the implications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on orthodontic treatment, contingency management, and provision of emergency orthodontic treatment, using currently available data and literature. Orthodontically relevant sources of information were searched using electronic databases including PubMed and Google Scholar and current reports from major health bodies such as Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, Dental council of India and major national orthodontic associations. Due to the rapidly evolving nature of COVID-19 and limitations in quality of evidence, a narrative synthesis was undertaken. Relevant to orthodontics, human-to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs predominantly through the respiratory tract via droplets, secretions and or direct contact, where the virus enters the mucous membrane of the mouth, nose, and eyes. During the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, elective orthodontic treatment should be suspended. Emergency orthodontic treatment can be provided by following a contingency plan founded on effective communication and triage. Treatment advice should be delivered remotely first when possible, and where necessary, in-person treatment can be performed in a well-prepared operatory following the necessary measures.
Anatomical importance of mental foramen for skeletal anchorage
Authors: Baais Akhoon Abdul , Mushtaq Mohammad , Zameer Syed 
Published: September 2020

Mental foramen is an important anatomical landmark in dentistry and its knowledge is very important because it transfers the mental nerve and vessels. Mini-implants are widely used nowadays in orthodontics for skeletal anchorage. Morphometric evaluation of mental foramen using cone beam computed tomography will help in safe placement of mini-implants and temporary anchorage devices without encroaching upon the foramen. The aim of this research was to study the morphology and morphometry of the mental foramen using CBCT in dentate adult Kashmiri population. Thirty one cone beam computed tomography were studied to analyze the shape, position and distance of mental foramen.The purpose of this study was to use existing Cone Beam Computed Tomography images to determine the vertical and horizontal location of the mental foramen in relation to the mandibular first and second premolars, and the distance in millimeters from the apex of each. The distance from the foramen to the inferior border of the mandible was also recorded.The average distance from the apices of the mandibular first and second premolars to the mental foramen was 5.61mm (SD= 2.09) and 5.97mm (SD=2.33), respectively. The foramen was located 10.11mm (SD=2.33) from the inferior border of the mandible. The most common horizontal position of the foramen was in between mandibular first and second premolar (38.7%). The mental foramen was further away from the inferior border of the mandible in males and older patients.Statistical analysis showed no significant differences regarding age group and the gender. It was found that the most common variation of mental foramen was round shape (67.7%). An accessory mental foramen was detected in 3.2% of the analyzed population.
A comparitive evaluation of the shear bond strength of Er:YAG laser ablation on enamel at 3 different power outputs with that of onventional acid etching technique - An invitro study
Authors: S Nair Anjana , Kumar P Anil , S Nair Amal 
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study is to determine whether bonding of stainless steel orthodontic brackets to tooth enamel prepared by laser etching would result in a similar bonding capability as those prepared by acid etching using 37 % phosphoric acid; and also to compare the shear bond strength.Eighty four samples were prepared for the study. The 4 groups were Group 1- The enamel was etched with 37 % phosphoric acid, Group 2- Er: YAG laser etching was done at 1W power output, Group 3- Er: YAG laser etching was done at 2W power output and Group 4- Er:YAG laser etching was done at 3W power output. All groups have 20 teeth for shear bond strength testing and one tooth for SEM evaluation. Shear bond strength testing was performed on all teeth using Instron universal testing machine.Analysis of the variance indicated a significant difference (P &#60; 0.005) among the groups. Maximum shear bond strength was shown by laser etching at 2 W to the tooth surface for 15 seconds in compared to conventional acid etching. In this study the highest shear bond strength was found in the 2-W laser etched group (16.09±0.42) MPa, followed by the 1-W laser etched group (12.62± 0.35) MPa, 3-W laser etched group( 12.01±0.31) MPa and acid etched group.(6.42±0.32)MPa.The results showed that at that laser etching at 2 W to the tooth surface for 15 seconds had statistically significant higher shear bond strength in comparison to conventional 37% phosphoric acid technique. The use of increasing the laser power output more than 2 W did not significantly increase the bond strength. The shear bond strength of all the three Laser etched groups was clinically acceptable. Enamel etching with Er: YAG Laser (2W for 15 seconds) produced maximum bond strength than acid etching and could be a viable alternative method.
An assessment of common concerns of 2nd year post graduate students pursuing M.D.S In orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, due to the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Lishoy Rodrigues , Bhushan Jawale , Vanessa Varghese , Hidhaya S Kathijathul , Rashi Lalwani 
Published: September 2020

The fight against the novel coronavirus and the disruption in our daily routine and practise due to lockdown has been mentally exhausting especially for ambitious students pursuing higher studies. The lockdown period came in suddenly giving no chance to be prepared for the worst. Post-graduate students of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics could be badly hit by this lockdown period disrupting the entire treatment course of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, which needs monthly visits to the orthodontist.To understand the concerns of the students pursuing MDS in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics about their work, academics and the effect of the lockdown on their future, we performed a questionnaire study. The Questionnaire was circulated to 110 Post graduate students pursuing MDS in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics who were currently in the 2nd year of their Post graduate training program.In the present study it was found that around 61.3% of participants panicked about the workload of patients they possibly might have to deal with once college resumed and 29% students were worried about the risk of contracting the infection after resuming to work after the lockdown is lifted. Additionally, around 68.4 & 73.6% students were insecure about the completion of their undergoing cases and thesis till the end of the term respectively and around half of the students were worried that the patients may not turn up for the exam due to the lapse in treatment. A small proportion of students (15.8%) are apprehensive of being homesick after college resumes.Covid-19 lockdown has definitely affected post-graduate students creating a lot of confusion and apprehension in their minds regarding the pending cases and academic work. The uncertainty to cope with it, is still the question left unanswered.