bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schwannoma and Neurofibroma, Originating from the Ulnar Nerve in Neurofibromatosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tabrizi Ali , Afshar Ahmadreza , Mohebbi Iraj , Pourjabali Masoumeh , Taleb Hassan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSchwannomas and neurofibromas are rare benign tumors originating from the peripheral nerve sheath. Tumors in neurofibromatosis are mostly neurofibromas and often appear in the soft tissue of peripheral nerves. In this report, a patient presented with two large adjacent soft tissue tumors in the right wrist and distal forearm which originated from a common nerve. A schwannoma had formed beside a neurofibroma from the ulnar nerve and induced numbness and paresthesia in the little and ring fingers. Although the patient had café au lait spots on the skin, neurofibromatosis was not suspected due to lack of symptoms. The patient was referred to the current research clinic suffering from two soft tissue masses in the wrist and ulnar nerve dysfunction. In neurofibromatosis patients, two tumors of a different nature originating from a common nerve close together have rarely been described in the literature. The patient was treated by en bloc excision of the mass while protecting the nerve fascicles. The follow-up results indicated no neurological symptoms and complete restoration of ulnar nerve function.
Mindfulness and shooting performance in biathlon. A prospective study
Authors: Josefsson Torbjörn , Gustafsson Henrik , Iversen Rostad Trym , Gardner Frank L. , Ivarsson Andreas 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to examine the temporal relationship between facets of sport‐specific dispositional mindfulness (i e., Awareness, Refocusing, Nonjudgemental attitude) and shooting performance in actual competitions, in a population of 25 elite biathlon athletes. Findings indicated that mindfulness facets were positively associated with shooting performance, with higher levels of Awareness, Refocusing, and Awareness being related to better shooting performance in competitions. In spite of the fact that the explained variance was quite small, even a minor shooting performance enhancement may increase an athlete's chance of winning a biathlon competition.
A new approach to radiochromic film dosimetry based on non-local means
Authors: Rodríguez César , López-Fernández Alfonso , García-Pinto Diego 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Radiochromic film in conjunction with flatbed scanners are frequently employed as dosimeters for advanced techniques in radiotherapy. Their strengths are as follows: light element composition, low energy dependence, near biological tissue equivalence and high spatial resolution. However, they have some weaknesses as well: non-uniformities, read out noise, and scanning artifacts. Several processing protocols have been proposed intending to correct the perturbations these weaknesses produce. The aim of this paper is to present a new processing protocol for radiochromic film dosimetry based on a non-local means denoising algorithm. Three dose distributions of open square fields and a spatial combination of these fields using different angles of incidence and monitor units have been employed to validate the protocol. The dose distributions are traceable to ionization chamber measurements. Additionally, a real dose distribution of a treatment was used to simulate scanning data with noise and scanning lateral artifact, and to study how the protocol behaves under these perturbations. The same measured raw data have been processed by means of an implementation of the multichannel protocol (multigaussian method). It has been found that the proposed protocol reduces dose uncertainty even though it uses fewer scans than the multichannel protocol.
Spatial localization and pattern formation in discrete optomechanical cavities and arrays
Authors: Ruiz-Rivas J , Patera G , Navarrete-Benlloch C , Roldán E , de Valcárcel G J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We investigate theoretically the generation of nonlinear dissipative structures in optomechanical (OM) systems containing discrete arrays of mechanical resonators. We consider both hybrid models in which the optical system is a continuous multimode field, as it would happen in an OM cavity containing an array of micro-mirrors, and also fully discrete models in which each mechanical resonator interacts with a single optical mode, making contact with Ludwig and Marquardt (2013 Phys. Rev. Lett.
101, 073603). Also, we study the connections between both types of models and continuous OM models. While all three types of models merge naturally in the limit of a large number of densely distributed mechanical resonators, we show that the spatial localization and the pattern formation found in continuous OM models can still be observed for a small number of mechanical elements, even in the presence of finite-size effects, which we discuss. This opens new venues for experimental approaches to the subject.
Nanofluid flow of Higher order Radiative Chemical reaction with effects of Melting and Viscous dissipation
Authors: Jagadha S , Gopal Degavath , Kishan N 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, authors investigatenon-Darcy homogeneous chemical reactions of order ‘n’ofnanofluid is discussed.The porous medium in which vertically plate kept with constant temperature and concentration. Melting and dissipation of viscosity observed in the nanofluid flow. The influence of double dispersion and radiation is analyzed. The flow maintained with invariant of time, constant density, laminar, forced and natural convection taken into account for the problem, the physical significance extracted from mathematical statements in terms of partial derivatives along with boundary conditions. The nonlinear governing partial mathematical derivatives converted into standard ordinary differential mathematical equations with the aid of similarity variable. These equations are numerically solved by MATLAB ‘bvp4c’ iterative programming methodology to seek out results of velocity-field, temperature-field, concentration-field extensively. The effect of dimensionless parameters such as Brownianmotion, thermal dispersion, melting, radiation, thermophoresis, and dimensionless numbers such as Eckert, Lewis, Prandtl, are analyzed.The heat transfer-Nusselt number and mass transfer-Sherwood number that characterize the heat transfer rate and mass transfer rate respectively outlined.
Role of water-rock interactions in the formation of the composition of radon waters of the Zaeltsovsky field (the southern part of West Siberia)
Authors: Novikov D.A. , Dultsev F.F. , Chernykh A.V. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Results of thermodynamic calculations of the interactions of radon waters from the Zaeltsovsky field with the minerals of host rocks are presented for the first time. It was established that waters under study are supersaturated with respect to calcite and siderite, and to a smaller extent with respect to magnesite and dolomite. No saturation of radon waters with respect to primary aluminosilicate minerals (albite, anortite, microcline, ferrosilite) is observed. The points are located in the fields of stability of clayey minerals (kaolinite, Ca- and Mg-montmorillonite, Fe-sepiolite), gibbsite and leptochlorite. In the evolution of the water-rock system, they correspond to the siallite type of interaction with rocks.
Effect of Controllable Parameters on the Tribological Behavior of Ceramic Particulate Reinforced Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites: A Review
Authors: Venkatesh V.S.S , Deoghare Ashish B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The inherent properties of ceramic type of reinforcements such as high fracture toughness, high corrosive resistance, improved wear resistance make it suitable as reinforcements inMetal Matrix Composites (MMC).This review article summarizes the wear behavior of ceramic particulate reinforced Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites (Al-MMC). The influence of material factors such as type of ceramic reinforcement, size and volume fraction; mechanical parameters such as sliding velocity, sliding distance and applied load on the wear behavior of Al-MMC have been discussed. The reduction in wear rate due to formation of tribolayer between the contact surfaces has been reviewed in the current study.Literature revealed that uniform distribution of hard ceramic particles (B4C, SiC) and solid lubricants (Gr, MoS2, Boron Nitride) as hybrid reinforcements can adequately enhanced the wear behavior of mating surfaces. The study illustrates that Al-MMC exclusively hybrid MMC can be treated as preeminent material for design of brake discs, piston-cylinder arrangements which require high specific strength and wear resistance.
Design of Power Analyzer using LabVIEW
Authors: Srikanth S. , Mabhu Hussain P. , Sridhar P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Power analyzer is a device for analysis of power quality and measurement of various electrical quantities. Various power quality issues are raised in this because of the use of various non-linear loads. This paper proposes a virtual instrument for this function. the conventional measurement systems were not adequate for this purpose because they have no accurate method for deleting harmonics and ability to store data. We can overcome these difficulties by developing a virtual instrument. This is cost-effective as well as, convenient. LabVIEW provides a software platform for developing virtual instrument by acquiring current & voltage data through national instruments MyDAQ. LabVIEW provides good visualization and easy programming interface. The inputs to the proposed system are voltage and current and the hardware system developed, allows for measurement and analysis of system parameters such as power (active, reactive, apparent and instantaneous), power factor, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) (%) and Signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SINAD) in decibels using voltage and current. A hardware system is developed to acquire voltage and current data and work in convention with through software developed.
Functionally gradient magnesium-based composite for temporary orthopaedic implant with improved corrosion resistance and osteogenic properties
Authors: Dubey Anshu , Jaiswal Satish , Haldar Swati , Roy Partha , Lahiri Debrupa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is a potential alternative for conventional orthopaedic implant materials owing to its biodegradation behavior and physical characteristics similar to natural human bone. Due to its biomimetic mechanical attributes, Mg in orthopaedic applications could reduce the risk of the ‘stress shielding effect’. However, the major limitation of Mg is its high in-vivo corrosion rate. Thermal sprayed coatings of osteoconductive ceramics like hydroxyapatite (HA) have been explored as a potential solution, albeit with limited success due to the low melting point of Mg, which restricts the ease of fabricating surface-adherent ceramic coating. The present study focuses on overcoming this limitation through a Mg-HA functionally gradient material (FGM) system, which is expected to provide a highly corrosion-resistant surface and uniform mechanical integrity throughout the structure. In addition to corrosion resistance, the FGM system has improved biocompatibility and osteoconductivity without compromising its mechanical stability. The FGM, with a compositional gradient of Mg-HA composite, consisting of Mg at the core and increasing HA towards the outer layer, has been fabricated through spark plasma sintering. Mechanical properties of the overall structure were better than those of the best individual composite. More importantly, corrosion resistance of the FGM structure was significantly improved (~154%) as compared to individual composites. In addition, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteogenic gene expression and cell viability, all pertaining to efficient osteogenic differentiation, were enhanced for FGM and 15 wt% HA reinforced composites. These observations suggest that the FGM structure is promising for temporary biodegradable orthopaedic implants.
An operational information decomposition via synergistic disclosure
Authors: Rosas Fernando E , Mediano Pedro A M , Rassouli Borzoo , Barrett Adam B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Multivariate information decompositions hold promise to yield insight into complex systems, and stand out for their ability to identify synergistic phenomena. However, the adoption of these approaches has been hindered by there being multiple possible decompositions, and no precise guidance for preferring one over the others. At the heart of this disagreement lies the absence of a clear operational interpretation of what synergistic information is. Here we fill this gap by proposing a new information decomposition based on a novel operationalisation of informational synergy, which leverages recent developments in the literature of data privacy. Our decomposition is defined for any number of information sources, and its atoms can be calculated using elementary optimisation techniques. The decomposition provides a natural coarse-graining that scales gracefully with the system’s size, and is applicable in a wide range of scenarios of practical interest.
Soluble interleukin-2 receptor in exhaled breath condensate in pulmonary sarcoidosis: a cross-sectional pilot study
Authors: Terrington Dayle L , Kim Jee Whang , Ravenhill Garth , Tang Jonathan , Piec Isabelle , Fowler Stephen J , Fraser William , Wilson Andrew M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroduction. Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology with a variable clinical course and prognosis. There is an urgent need to identify new and novel biomarkers to help differentiate between clinical phenotypes and guide clinical decisions with respect to commencing and monitoring treatment. Across the spectrum of respiratory disease there has been a growing interest in the role of breath-based biomarkers given their non-invasive nature and ability to repeat sampling with ease for serial monitoring. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL2R) in bronchoalveolar lavage and serum correlates with disease activity in sarcoidosis; however, no previous study has evaluated sIL2R in exhaled breath.Objectives. The main aim of this cross-sectional case-controlled pilot study was to determine the concentration of sIL2R in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from patients with recently diagnosed sarcoidosis compared to healthy volunteers and to establish, if present, if this correlated with markers of disease activity, pulmonary function tests and serological markers used in current clinical practice.Methods. Paired serum and EBC samples were collected from twelve treatment naïve patients with histologically proven sarcoidosis diagnosed during the previous six months and compared to twelve healthy volunteers matched for age and gender.Results. Mean concentration of serum sIL2R was significantly elevated in participants with sarcoidosis compared to healthy controls (1584.3 ± 489.1 versus 874.2 ± 235.7 pg mL−1; p = 0.001). Soluble interleukin-2 receptor in EBC was detectable in only five subjects including three participants with sarcoidosis. The range of sIL2R across all five samples was 148.0–288.2 pg mL−1with the two highest concentrations observed in two participants with sarcoidosis. There was no significant difference observed in EBC sIL2R between sarcoidosis and healthy controls (p = 0.71). No apparent correlations were observed between EBC sIL2R and radiological stage, pulmonary function tests or serological markers.Conclusion. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor is detectable in EBC; however, the findings from our study do not support its role as a diagnostic marker in sarcoidosis. Further research is required to evaluate its prognostic utility.
Investigating the relationship between breath aerosol size and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) metabolomic content
Authors: Schmidt Alexander J , Borras Eva , Kenyon Nicholas J , Davis Cristina E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Exhaled breath aerosols contain valuable metabolomic content due to gas exchange with blood at the alveolar capillary interface in the lung. Passive and selective filtering of these aerosols and droplets may reduce the amount of saliva contaminants and serve as an aid to enhance targeted metabolomic content when sampled in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). It is currently unknown if breath aerosol size distribution affects the types or abundances of metabolites sampled through EBC. This pilot study uses a previously described hand-held human breath sampler device with varying notch filter geometries to redirect the trajectory of breath aerosols based on size. Ten notch filter lengths were simulated with the device to calculate the effect of filter length on the breath aerosol size distribution and the proportion of aerosols which make their way through to an EBC collection tube. From three notch filter lengths, we investigate metabolite content of various aerosol fractions. We analyzed the non-volatile fraction of breath condensate with high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for broad metabolite coverage. We hypothesize that: (1) increasing the length of the notch filter in this device will prevent larger aerosols from reaching the collection tube thus altering the breath aerosol size distribution sampled in EBC; and (2) there is not a systematic large-scale difference in EBC metabolomic content that correlates with breath aerosol size. From simulation results, particles typically larger than 10 µm were filtered out. This indicates that a longer notch filter in this device prevents larger particles from reaching the collection tube thus altering the aerosol particle size distribution. Most compounds were commonly present in all three filter lengths tested, and we did not see strong statistical evidence of systematic metabolite differences between breath aerosol size distributions.
Discovery, development and exploitation of steady-state biofilms
Authors: Greenman John , Hewett Keith , Saad Saliha 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Early in vitro biofilm models go back even beyond the invention of the word ‘biofilm’. In the dental field, biofilms were simply known as dental plaque and many of the first in vitro models were termed ‘artificial mouth microcosm plaques’. The purpose of this review is to highlight important elements of research from over the years regarding in vitro biofilm models, including data from our own laboratories. This helps us to interpret the models and point the way to the future development of biofilm testing. Many hypotheses regarding biofilm phenomena, particularly ecology, metabolism and physiology of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) and volatile organic compound (VOC) production could potentially be supported or disproved. In this way, the methods we use for screening biologically active agents including inhibitors, biocides and antimicrobial compounds in general can be improved. Hopefully, any lessons learnt in the past may be of value for the future. In this review, we focus around the need for growth rate controlled long-term biofilms; being continuously monitored using recent technical advances in bioluminescence, selective real-time electrodes, pH electrodes and continuous on-line analysis of the gas phase (both qualitatively and quantitatively). These features allow for accurate determination of growth rate and/or metabolic rate as well as pave the way towards automated assays and fine control of metabolism; impossible to achieve according to conventional biofilm theory. We also attempt to address the questions; can biofilm systems be improved to maintain long term ‘real’ or ‘true’ steady states over weeks or months, or are we limited to quasi-steady state systems for a limited period of time.
Synthesis of carbon coated iron nitride nanoparticles by using microwave plasma technique
Authors: Wei Bo , Jin Xin , Wang Qun , Li Yongqing , Khan Waheed Q 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Carbon-coated iron nitride nanoparticles were synthesized using ferrocene as the precursor material with an in-house manufactured microwave-plasma reaction system. XRD revealed that the nanoparticles contained mixed phases of iron nitride (FeN0.0589 and ε-Fe3N) and α-Fe. In the case of TEM, the powder displayed a core–shell structure with a core diameter of ∼15 nm and had a multilayer carbon structure. The particle sizes in all samples were 10–80 nm. The Raman spectra of the nanoparticles justified that the multilayer carbon coatings had an amorphous graphitic structure. The nanoparticles developed at an N2 flow rate of 10 slpm yielded a superior Ms value of 37.2 emu g−1. An increase in the N2 flow rate exhibited a significant influence on the plasma temperature and reaction time, thereby affecting the composition of the mixed phase, the shape and size of the particles, and the uniformity and thickness of the carbon coating. This study provided a simple, efficient and economical method to prepare iron nitride magnetic nanoparticles, which is expected to be widely applied in industrial mass production.
Do home modifications reduce care home admissions for older people? A matched control evaluation of the Care & Repair Cymru service in Wales
Authors: Hollinghurst Joe , Fry Richard , Akbari Ashley , Watkins Alan , Williams Neil , Hillcoat-Nallétamby Sarah , Lyons Ronan A , Clegg Andrew , Rodgers Sarah E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
home advice and modification interventions aim to promote independent living for those living in the community, but quantitative evidence of their effectiveness is limited.

Aim
assess the risk of care home admissions for people with different frailty levels receiving home advice and modification interventions against a control group who do not.

Study design and setting
matched control evaluation using linked longitudinal data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank, comprising people aged 60–95, registered with a SAIL contributing general practice. The intervention group received the Care & Repair Cymru (C & RC) service, a home advice and modification service available to residents in Wales.

Methods
frailty, age and gender were used in propensity score matching to assess the Hazard Ratio (HR) of care home admissions within a 1-, 3- and 5-year period for the intervention group (N = 93,863) compared to a matched control group (N = 93,863). Kaplan–Meier curves were used to investigate time to a care home admission.

Results
the intervention group had an increased risk of a care home admission at 1-, 3- and 5-years [HR (95%CI)] for those classified as fit [1-year: 2.02 (1.73, 2.36), 3-years: 1.87 (1.72, 2.04), 5-years: 1.99 (1.86, 2.13)] and mildly frail [1-year: 1.25 (1.09, 1.42), 3-years: 1.25 (1.17, 1.34), 5-years: 1.30 (1.23, 1.38)], but a reduced risk of care home admission for moderately [1-year: 0.66 (0.58, 0.75), 3-years: 0.75 (0.70, 0.80), 5-years: 0.83 (0.78, 0.88)] and severely frail individuals [1-year: 0.44 (0.37, 0.54), 3-years: 0.54 (0.49, 0.60), 5-years: 0.60(0.55, 0.66)].

Conclusions
HRs indicated that the C & RC service helped to prevent care home admissions for moderately and severely frail individuals. The HRs generally increased with follow-up duration.