bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stay at (which) home: second homes during and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zoğal Volkan , Domènech Antoni , Emekli Gözde 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
This viewpoint paper aims to provide reflections on the role of second homes in the tourism and housing markets together with future lines of research during and after the first outbreak of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. The authors aim to review the epistemological evolution of the term “second homes” because of the pandemic, as well as to unfold possible short-, medium- and long-term effects that could place second homes at the center of tourist activity and of the tourist rental market profitability.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on published research studies about the definition of the term “second homes”, as well as media sources related to their role during the current situation of the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Findings
In the early stages of the pandemic, second-home owners migrated from crowded cities to low-density areas, being vectors of transmission of the virus. Now, a potential shift in tourist preferences could position second homes at the center of tourist activity as soon as travel restrictions are reduced. This could intensify existing processes of commodification of housing, empowering accommodation platforms and situating the potential for profiteering around the tourist rental market. Parallely, international interests in migrating from crowded cities to low-density areas could also be triggered.

Originality/value
This viewpoint is presented as the confinement measures associated with the new pandemic are being de-escalated in most of the western countries. It is expected that sharing it will provide insights to researchers and practitioners to better plan their research around secondary housing. Its role should be analysed from different perspectives: in the spread of the virus to low-density areas to anticipate mitigation actions in future outbreaks; in the recovery process of (domestic) tourism; in the processes of commodification and financialization of housing in tourist areas; and their impacts on local residents.
Leadership competencies of first-level military leaders
Authors: Meerits Artur , Kivipõld Kurmet 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the quality of the leadership competencies of first-level military leaders according to three behavioural dimensions: task, change and relational competencies.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted in the Estonian Defence Forces (EDF) among first-level commanders (N = 89), whose leadership competencies were assessed by their subordinates (N = 1,655). The Leader Reward and Punishment Questionnaire was used to assess task competencies, the Transformational Leadership Behaviour Inventory was used to assess change competencies and the Extended Authentic Leadership Measure was used to assess relational competencies. Cluster analyses were conducted to identify the level of leadership competencies in the sample and to determine the commanders' leadership profile.FindingsThe study reveals that in terms of leadership competencies, only two competencies from task, two from change and none from the relational dimension are sufficient. In addition, the results highlight that the relational competencies of leadership are connected to each other, while task and change leadership competencies are not.Practical implicationsThe study results make it possible to work out the main principles for a leadership development programme for first-level commanders. In addition, the developed methodology makes it possible to assess the leadership competencies of individual commanders using the three-dimensional framework.Originality/valueThis paper demonstrates how quality of the leadership competencies and profiles of first-level EDF commanders are determined within three behavioural dimensions: task, change and relational competencies.
Herbivory improves the fitness of predatory beetles
Authors: Ugine Todd A. , Nagra Avneet , Grebenok Robert J. , Behmer Spencer T. , Losey John E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

While many predatory arthropods consume non‐prey foods from lower trophic levels, little is known about what drives the shift from predator to omnivore. Predatory lady beetles often consume non‐prey foods like plant foliage and pollen. One species, Coccinella septempunctata, eats foliage to redress sterol deficits caused by eating sterol‐deficient prey. Here we explore how omnivory benefits lady beetle fitness.

We reared seven species of lady beetles—from five genera distributed across the tribe Coccinellini—on pea aphids in the presence or absence of fava bean foliage; pea aphids have very low sterol content. Foliage supplements lengthened the development times of four species and decreased survival to adulthood of two species; it had no effect on adult mass. We mated beetles in a 2 × 2 factorial design (males with or without foliage paired with females with or without foliage). For each species, we observed a profound paternal effect of foliage supplements on fitness. Females mated to foliage‐supplemented males laid more eggs and more viable eggs compared to females mated to non‐supplemented males. Foliage‐supplemented males produced 2.9–4.6 times more sperm compared to non‐supplemented males for the three species we examined.

We analysed the sterol profile of four beetle species reared on pea aphids—with or without foliage—and compared their sterol profile to field‐collected adults. For two laboratory‐reared species, sterols were not detected in adult male beetles, and overall levels were generally low (total ng of sterol/beetle range: 3–33 ng); the exception being Propylea quatuordecimpunctata females (total ng of sterol/beetle range: 50–157 ng). Laboratory‐reared lady beetle sterol content was not significantly affected by the presence of foliage. Field‐collected beetles had higher levels of sterols compared to laboratory‐reared beetles (2,452–145,348 ng per beetle); cholesterol and sitosterol were the dominant sterols in both field‐collected and laboratory‐reared beetles.

Our findings indicate that herbivory benefits lady beetle fitness across the Coccinellini, and that this was entirely a paternal effect. Our data provide a rare example of a nutritional constraint impacting fitness in a sex‐specific manner. It also shows, more broadly, how a nutritional constraint can drive predators towards omnivory.
‘A holistic approach’: incorporating sustainability into biopedagogies of healthy eating in Sweden’s dietary guidelines
Authors: Bergman Karolin , Lövestam Elin , Nowicka Paulina , Eli Karin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDietary guidelines can be considered a pedagogical tool, designed to promote healthy eating at the population level. In this study, we critically examine the biopedagogies implicated in Sweden’s official dietary guidelines. Published in 2015, these guidelines take a potentially innovative ‘holistic approach’ to food and eating, addressing the challenge of formulating dietary advice that considers both human health and environmental concerns. Applying Bacchi´s ‘What’s the problem represented to be?’ approach, we interrogate how the guidelines frame the interplay of public health concerns and environmental concerns in making food choices. We find that the biopedagogies of sustainable eating, as presented in these guidelines, implicate the subject position of theideal eater. The ideal eater values sustainability, has high cultural capital, and draws on both taste and nutritional knowledge to make good food choices. However, while the ideal eater is expected to be aware of environmental issues, these are incorporated into the ideal eater’s choices only in addition to the primary concern of health. Thus, although the guidelines frame a ‘holistic approach’ as the solution to both health and environmental concerns, in cases where health and environmental priorities conflict, the guidelines’ biopedagogies of sustainable eating align with earlier biopedagogies of healthy eating.
Threat, emboldenment, or both? The effects of political power on violent hate crimes*
Authors: Dugan Laura , Chenoweth Erica 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHow do expressions of support or opposition by the U.S. federal government, influence violent hate crimes against specific racial and ethnic minorities? In this article, we test two hypotheses derived from Blalock's (1967) conceptualization of intergroup power contests. The political threat hypothesis predicts that positive government attention toward specific groups would lead to more hateful violence directed against them. The emboldenment hypothesis predicts that negative government attention toward specific groups would also lead to more hateful violence directed against them. Using combined data on U.S. government actions and federal hate crime statistics from 1992 through 2012, vector autoregression models provide support for both hypotheses, depending on the protected group involved. We conclude that during this period, African Americans were more vulnerable to hate crimes motivated by political threat, and Latinx persons were more vulnerable to hate crimes motivated by emboldenment.
Thinking about gun violence
Authors: Cook Philip J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Stockholm Prize for 2020 was awarded for research on gun violence and its prevention, and recognizes the growing depth and scope of this field. I am honored to be a co‐recipient, together with Franklin E. Zimring. This essay focuses on three of the topics that have been on my agenda over the course of the last 45 years: how best to conceptualize and measure the problem of gun violence; the availability of guns to violent offenders; and how and why to improve police investigations of criminal shooting incidents, including assaults and homicides.
Prevalence of malnutrition risk and poor food intake in older adults in Indian hospitals: A prospective observational nutritionDay study with novel mapping of malnutrition risk to the Malnutrition Screening Tool
Authors: Wright Charlene , Shankar Bhuvaneshwari , Marshall Skye , Pearcy Joshua , Somani Ananya , Agarwal Ekta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimCurrent literature regarding the prevalence and consequences of poor dietary intake and risk of malnutrition in older adults is limited to wealthier regions including the United States, Europe and Australasia. With a rapidly ageing population in India, this prospective observational study aimed to evaluate hospital food intake and malnutrition risk and their impact on hospital length of stay, readmission rates and in‐hospital mortality of older adults in Indian hospitals.MethodsData collected during nutritionDay worldwide audits (2014‐2016), in five urban, private hospitals in India included baseline demographic and clinical data on patients aged ≥60 years. Proportion of food consumed at one main meal was recorded and data on length of stay, readmissions and in‐hospital mortality were collected 30 days post‐baseline.ResultsA total of 262 participants (mean age: 69 ± 8 years; 65% males) were recruited. Mapped malnutrition risk (mapped Malnutrition Screening Tool [mMST] score ≥ 2) on admission was 31% and increased to 44% during the course of hospitalisation. Over one quarter of participants consumed ≤50% of their meal (28%). Over half the participants were found to be eating poorly (59%) and those identified as at risk of malnutrition were not offered additional nutrition support. The median LOS was 8 days (range: 1‐92), 30‐day readmission rates were 7% and in‐hospital mortality was 0.4%. Malnutrition risk and poor food intake were not associated with health‐related outcomes.ConclusionOlder adults in Indian acute care hospitals have a noticeable prevalence of malnutrition risk and poor food intake. There is an opportunity for future research to focus on identifying and managing nutritional issues.
Forging Indian Religion: East India Company Servants and the Construction of ‘Gentoo’/‘Hindoo’ Scripture in the 1760s
Authors: Patterson Jessica 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article demonstrates how, in the 1760s, two British East India Company servants, John Zephaniah Holwell and Alexander Dow, constructed a particular interpretation of India's ancient religious past through creative misrepresentations of mysteriously sourced texts. This had broad ramifications for contemporary understandings of Indian religion, and has important implications for the historiography of Orientalism in this period. Just as forgeries in the literary sphere challenged notions of history, introducing scepticism, alternative narratives and national mythologies, so in the field of Orientalist letters they shaped an idea of Indian religion that could both challenge European assumptions and facilitate imperial ideologies.
Sex differences in the acute effects of oral and vaporized cannabis among healthy adults
Authors: Sholler Dennis J. , Strickland Justin C. , Spindle Tory R. , Weerts Elise M. , Vandrey Ryan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolicy changes have increased access to cannabis for individuals with little or no prior exposure. Few studies have examined sex differences in cannabis effects among individuals with sporadic cannabis use or for nonsmoked routes of cannabis administration. Data from four double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies were pooled to compare the acute pharmacodynamic effects of vaporized and oral cannabis in male (n = 27) and female (n = 23) participants who used cannabis infrequently (no use ≥30 days prior to randomization). Analyses compared peak change‐from‐baseline scores between male and female participants for subjective drug effects, cognitive/psychomotor performance, cardiovascular effects, and blood concentrations of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its primary metabolites (11‐OH‐THC, THC‐COOH) after exposure to placebo cannabis or cannabis containing low‐dose (5 or 10 mg) or high‐dose THC (20 or 25 mg). Overall, cannabis elicited dose‐orderly increases in subjective effects, impairment of cognitive/psychomotor performance, heart rate, and blood cannabinoid concentrations. Females exhibited greater peak blood 11‐OH‐THC concentrations and reported greater peak subjective ratings of “drug effect” that remained when controlling for body weight. When controlling for both body weight and peak blood cannabinoid concentrations, ratings of “anxious/nervous,” “heart racing,” and “restless” were significantly higher for females than males. Although additional research is needed to elucidate sex differences in responses to cannabis at a wider range of THC doses, other routes of administration, and products with diverse chemical composition, the current data indicate that public health messaging and clinical decision making around the use of cannabinoids should recommend lower starting doses for females and warnings about acute anxiogenic reactions.
The impact of introducing Palliative Care Needs Rounds into rural residential aged care: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Rainsford Suzanne , Liu Wai‐Man , Johnston Nikki , Glasgow Nicholas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the impact of introducing Palliative Care Needs Rounds (hereafter Needs Rounds) into residential aged care on hospitalisations (emergency department presentations, admissions and length of stay) and documentation of advance care plans.DesignA quasi‐experimental study.SettingTwo residential aged care facilities in one rural town in the Snowy Monaro region of New South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsThe intervention group consisted of all residents who died during the study period (April 2018‐March 2019), and included a subgroup of decedents who were discussed in a Needs Round. The control cohort included all residents who died in the three‐year period prior to introducing Needs Rounds (2015‐2017).InterventionNeeds Rounds are monthly onsite triage/risk stratification meetings where case‐based education and staff support help to identify residents most at risk of dying without an adequate plan in place. Needs Rounds were attended by residential aged care staff and led by a palliative medicine physician.Main outcome measuresDecedents’ hospitalisations (emergency department presentations, admissions and length of stay) in the last three months of life, place of death and documentation of advance care plans.ResultsEleven Needs Rounds were conducted between April and September 2018. The number of documented advance care plans increased (P < .01). There were no statistically significant changes in hospitalisations or in‐hospital deaths.ConclusionNeeds Rounds are an effective approach to increase the documentation of advance care plans within rural residential aged care. Further studies are required to explore the rural influence on outcomes including hospital transfers and preferred place of death.
Veiled apologetics and insurgent nostalgia: Sociogenesis of contested memories of the Marcos dictatorship
Authors: Uyheng Joshua , Roxas Gilana Kim T. , Herras Martina Magpusao 
Published: September 2020

Across many nascent democracies, living historical memories of past conflicts are vulnerable to contestation. Past scholarship explains such mnemonic dissonances as the outcome of either broad cultural scripts or top‐down political maneuvering. Building on these insights, we utilize the concept of sociogenesis to show how contested memories are semiotically mediated within institutional and informal spaces. Across two studies, we employ mixed methods designs to examine social representations of the Marcos dictatorship in the Philippines, using (a) nationally endorsed history textbooks (N = 86 pages), and (b) online comments (N = 9605) on public YouTube videos (N = 978). We find that textbooks construct the dictatorship in terms of veiled apologetics, leveraging representational strategies of balanced reportage to commensurate the dictatorship’s legacies of abuse against contributions to economic and infrastructure programs. Meanwhile, social media messages represent the regime in terms of insurgent nostalgia, which yearns for a mythologized past under the strongman Marcos in rejection of an elite‐coded democratic present. We discuss implications of our findings for broader social psychological discussions of living historical memories in the context of structural fragility, linking to related debates on critical history education, digital democracy, and the resurgence of authoritarianism locally and worldwide.
Biopolitical Violence and Waiting: Hotspot as a Biopolitical Borderzone
Authors: Topak Özgün E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper conceptualises Lesvos hotspot as a biopolitical borderzone where migrants experience concentrated violent practices of borders, including legal exclusion, presence of exclusionary surveillance and absence of surveillance for safety, degrading living conditions, and waiting. The paper also discusses the biopolitical consequences of these practices for migrants such as physical illnesses and injuries, and psychological disorders. The paper contributes to the scholarship on biopolitical borders in two main ways. First, through conceptualising hotspot as a form of biopolitical borderzone and demonstrating the specific biopolitical practices in the Lesvos hotspot and their effects on migrants. Second, through highlighting the key role of waiting in the operations of the biopolitical border. The paper demonstrates how waiting is entangled in a complex way with other biopolitical practices and how it both creates and amplifies biopolitical effects for migrants.
If we don’t change direction soon, we’ll end up where we’re going: a description of the SSY Engine
Authors: Heijl Anders , Brandel Magnus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractData presented during the first two decades of this millennium has shed valuable light on how the intraocular pressure (IOP) is linked to glaucomatous progression. Large prospective controlled trials have confirmed that there is a correlation between the change in intraocular pressure (IOP) and the risk for visual field progression. The magnitude of the effect, as indicated by these studies, is a 10–15% decrease in risk for a 1 mmHg drop in IOP. The risk is correlated with the rate at which patients develops field loss, that is the Rate of Progression or RoP, which in turn makes future projections of a patient’s progression over time at a given IOP level a reasonable possibility. This led to the creation of the SSY (Save Sight Years) concept and later the SSY engine, which is a practical application of this model in the form of a web application. This article describes the thinking behind this system, how it works, the caveats and where we think it can benefit clinical practice.
Clinical significance of personalized tacrolimus dosing by adjusting to donor CYP3A‐status in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Csikány Nóra , Kiss Ádám , Déri Máté , Fekete Ferenc , Minus Annamária , Tóth Katalin , Temesvári Manna , Sárváry Enikő , Bihari László , Gerlei Zsuzsa , Kóbori László , Monostory Katalin 
Published: September 2020

AimsDonor's CYP3A‐status (CYP3A5 genotype and CYP3A4 expression) can provide prognostic information regarding tacrolimus‐metabolizing capacity of the liver graft and initial tacrolimus dosing for therapeutic blood concentrations in liver transplants. The present work prospectively investigated whether CYP3A‐status guided tacrolimus therapy has any potential clinical benefit for recipients in the early postoperative period.MethodsThe contribution of preliminary assaying of donor CYP3A‐status to the optimization of initial tacrolimus therapy and to the reduction of adverse events (acute rejection, infection, nephrotoxicity) was investigated in 112 liver transplant recipients (CYPtest group) comparing to 101 control patients on tacrolimus concentration guided therapy.ResultsThe time for achieving therapeutic tacrolimus concentration was significantly reduced, confirming potential benefit of initial tacrolimus therapy adjusted to donor's CYP3A‐status over classical clinical practice of tacrolimus concentration guided treatment (4 vs 8 days, P < 0.0001). Acute rejection episodes (3.6 vs 23.8%, P < 0.0001) and tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity (8 vs 27%, P = 0.0004) were less frequent in CYPtest group than in control patients, whereas occurrence of infectious disease was not influenced by tacrolimus dosing strategy (3.6 vs 5.9% in CYPtest and control groups, P > 0.05). Acute rejection was often accompanied with tacrolimus blood concentrations lower than 10 ng mL−1 (20/24 of control and 2/4 of CYPtest patients), while nephrotoxicity was associated with high tacrolimus concentrations (>20 ng mL−1) in the first week after transplantation (13/27 of control and 2/9 of CYPtest patients).ConclusionCYP3A‐status guided therapy significantly improved the risk of misdosing induced early adverse effects (acute rejection, nephrotoxicity).