bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Lyman Continuum Escape Survey. II. Ionizing Radiation as a Function of the [O iii]/[O ii] Line Ratio
Authors: Nakajima Kimihiko , Ellis Richard S. , Robertson Brant E. , Tang Mengtao , Stark Daniel P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We discuss the rest-frame optical emission line spectra of a large (∼50) sample of z ∼ 3.1 Lyα emitting galaxies (LAEs) whose physical properties suggest such sources are promising analogs of galaxies in the reionization era. Reliable Lyman continuum (LyC) escape fractions have now been determined for a large sample of such LAEs from the LymAn Continuum Escape Survey (LACES) undertaken via deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging in the SSA22 survey area reported in Fletcher et al. Using new measures of [O ii] emission secured from Keck MOSFIRE spectra we re-examine, for a larger sample, earlier claims that LyC leakages may correlate with the nebular emission line ratio [O iii]/[O ii] as expected for density-bound H ii regions. We find that a large [O iii]/[O ii] line ratio is indeed a necessary condition for LyC leakage, strengthening earlier claims made using smaller samples at various redshifts. However, not all LAEs with large [O iii]/[O ii] line ratios are leakers and leaking radiation appears not to be associated with differences in other spectral diagnostics. This suggests the detection of leaking radiation is modulated by an additional property, possibly the viewing angle for porous H ii regions. We discuss our new results in the context of the striking bimodality of LAE leakers and non-leakers found in the LACES program and the implications for the sources of cosmic reionization.
Final Spitzer IRAC Observations of the Rise and Fall of SN 1987A
Authors: Arendt Richard G. , Dwek Eli , Bouchet Patrice , John Danziger I. , Gehrz Robert D. , Park Sangwook , Woodward Charles E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Spitzer's final Infrared Array Camera observations of SN 1987A show the 3.6 and 4.5 μm emission from the equatorial ring (ER) continues a period of steady decline. Deconvolution of the images reveals that the emission is dominated by the ring, not the ejecta, and is brightest on the west side. Decomposition of the marginally resolved emission also confirms this, and shows that the west side of the ER has been brightening relative to the other portions of the ER. The infrared morphological changes resemble those seen in both the soft X-ray emission and the optical emission. The integrated ER light curves at 3.6 and 4.5 μm are more similar to the optical light curves than the soft X-ray light curve, though differences would be expected if dust is responsible for this emission and its destruction is rapid. Future observations with the James Webb Space Telescope will continue to monitor the ER evolution, and will reveal the true spectrum and nature of the material responsible for the broadband emission at 3.6 and 4.5 μm. The present observations also serendipitously reveal a nearby variable source, subsequently identified as a Be star, that has gone through a multiyear outburst during the course of these observations.
Search for Eccentric Binary Neutron Star Mergers in the First and Second Observing Runs of Advanced LIGO
Authors: Nitz Alexander H. , Lenon Amber , Brown Duncan A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We present a search for gravitational waves from merging binary neutron stars (BNSs) which have non-negligible eccentricity as they enter the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) observing band. We use the public Advanced LIGO data which covers the period from 2015 through 2017 and contains ∼164 days of LIGO–Hanford and LIGO–Livingston coincident observing time. The search was conducted using matched-filtering using the PyCBC toolkit. We find no significant BNS candidates beyond GW170817, which has previously been reported by searches for binaries in circular orbits. We place a 90% upper limit of ∼1700 mergers Gpc−3 yr−1 for eccentricities ≲0.43 at a dominant-mode gravitational-wave frequency of 10 Hz. The absence of a detection with these data is consistent with theoretical predictions of eccentric BNS merger rates. Using our measured rate we estimate the sensitive volume of future gravitational-wave detectors and compare this to theoretical rate predictions. We find that, in the absence of a prior detection, the rate limits set by six months of Cosmic Explorer observations would constrain all current plausible models of eccentric BNS formation.
X-Ray Ionization of Planet-opened Gaps in Protostellar Disks
Authors: Kim S. Y. , Turner N. J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Young planets with masses approaching Jupiter’s have tides strong enough to clear gaps around their orbits in the protostellar disk. Gas flow through the gaps regulates the planets’ further growth and governs the disk’s evolution. Magnetic forces may drive that flow if the gas is sufficiently ionized to couple to the fields. We compute the ionizing effects of the X-rays from the central young star, using Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations to find the spectrum of Compton-scattered photons reaching the planet’s vicinity. The scattered X-rays ionize the gas at rates similar to or greater than the interstellar cosmic-ray rate near planets with the masses of Saturn and of Jupiter, located at 5 au and at 10 au, in disks with the interstellar mass fraction of sub-micron dust and with the dust depleted by a factor 100. Solving a gas–grain recombination reaction network yields charged particle populations whose ability to carry currents is sufficient to partly couple the magnetic fields to the gas around the planet. Most cases can undergo Hall-shear instability, and some can launch magnetocentrifugal winds. However, the material on the planet’s orbit has diffusivities so large in all the cases we examine that magnetorotational turbulence is prevented and the non-ideal terms govern the magnetic field’s evolution. Thus the flow of gas in the gaps opened by young giant planets depends crucially on the finite conductivity.
The Effects of Plasma Lensing on the Inferred Dispersion Measures of Fast Radiobursts
Authors: Er Xinzhong , Yang Yuan-Pei , Rogers Adam 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Radio signals are delayed when propagating through plasma. This type of delay is frequency dependent and is usually used for estimating the projected number density of electrons along the line of sight, called the dispersion measure (DM). The dense and clumpy distribution of plasma can cause refractive deflections of radio signals, analogous to lensing effects. Similar to gravitational lensing, there are two contributions to the time delay effect in plasma lensing: a geometric delay, due to increased path length of the signal, and a dispersive delay due to the change of speed of light in a plasma medium. We show the delay time for two models of the plasma distribution, and point out that the estimated DM can be biased. Since the contribution of the geometric effect can be comparable to that of the dispersive delay, the bias in the measured DM can be dramatically large if plasma lensing effects are not taken into account when signals propagate through a high-density gradient clump of plasma.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: Variations in the N/O–O/H Relation Bias Metallicity Gradient Measurements
Authors: Schaefer Adam L. , Tremonti Christy , Belfiore Francesco , Pace Zachary , Bershady Matthew A. , Andrews Brett H. , Drory Niv 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this Letter we use strong line calibrations of the N/O and O/H in Mapping Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) galaxy survey spaxel data to explore the systematics introduced by variations in N/O on various strong-line metallicity diagnostics. We find radial variations in N/O at fixed O/H that correlate with total galaxy stellar mass and that can induce ∼40% systematic uncertainties in oxygen abundance gradients when nitrogen-dependent abundance calibrations are used. Empirically, we find that departures from the expected N/O are associated with variation in the local star formation efficiency, as predicted by recent chemical evolution models for galaxies, but we cannot rule out other processes such as radial migration also playing a role.
Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors in people living with HIV in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Melo Elizabete Santos , Antonini Marcela , Costa Christefany Régia Braz , Sorensen William , Gir Elucir , Reis Renata Karina 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: HIV infection as a chronic disease has emerged from treatment advances over the past three decades. From this perspective, the diseases associated with AIDS are not a main threat for patients who use Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). A new set of HIV associated complications have emerged resulting in comorbidities related to aging and ART exposure as cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular risk factors in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Brazil.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at all Specialized Care Services for people living with HIV in the Southeast of Brazil. A sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire was used and cardiovascular risk assessed through the Framingham Score. Data analysis was performed by Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression.
Results: The majority were male, over 40 years old and they showed a mean age of 44 years. Current hypertension, diabetes, altered body mass index, presence of metabolic syndrome and altered abdominal circumference were also associated with cardiovascular risk. After regression analysis, male sex, older age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome were related as predictive factors for a higher cardiovascular risk.
Conclusions: The results demonstrate that combination of the prevention of modifiable risk factors with considerable changes in lifestyle are determining factors for success in the therapeutic of PLWH. High levels of motivation are essential for behavioral changes, and nurses are ideally position to provide safe care with nonpharmacological strategies for CVD risk reduction.
QuEChER method for air microbiological monitoring in hospital environments
Authors: Tavera Busso Iván , Herrera Florencia , Tames María F , González Gasquez Ignacio , Camisassa Lilia N , Carreras Hebe A 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Nosocomial pathogens have become a priority issue for public health, since they are responsible for increased morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients and the development of multi-resistant microorganisms, as well. Recent studies found strong evidence that airborne transmission plays a key role in many nosocomial infections. Thus, we aim to develop a QuEChER methodology for the characterization of airborne microbial levels, analyzing potential variables that modify the air microbiological load.
Methodology: Particulate matter levels and suspended and settled bioaerosols were determined simultaneously employing optical sensors, Harvard impactors and settle plates, respectively. Environmental variables were also measured at different sites during different working shifts and seasons.
Results: We found a straightforward relationship between airborne particles, air exchange rates, and people influx. Levels of suspended microorganisms were related to fine particulate matter concentration, CO2 and ambient temperature. A positive linear relationship (R2 = 0.9356) was also found between fine particulate matter and CO2 levels and air microbial load.
Conclusion: The QuEChER methodology is an effective methodology that could be used to improve the surveillance of nosocomial pathogens in developing countries hospitals where air quality is scarcely controlled.
Prediction of sofosbuvir response using interleukin-6 serum level and single nucleotide polymorphism of interferon lambda- 4
Authors: Saafan Amal E , Abobaker Ashraf , Abbas Mohamed S , El-Gendy Ahmed 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: In Egypt, 15% of the populations are suffering from chronic hepatitis C especially genotype 4. Sofosbuvir was approved by FDA in December 2013 for treatment of HCV genotypes 2 and 3 in combination with Ribavirin, and for genotypes 1 and 4 in combination with Peg-IFN. Recently, polymorphism of different genes and plasma levels of IL-6 were utilized for better prediction of HCV clearance. This study aimed at early prediction of the efficacy of HCV treatment with Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi) and comparing the antiviral efficacy of dual and triple Sovaldi combination therapy.
Methodology: Blood samples were collected from 100 HCV positive patients and detected by real time PCR at three time intervals. SNP genotyping of INFL-4 gene was estimated by using real-time PCR with predesigned primers and Taqman probes. IL-6 serum level was estimated before, during and after the end of the treatment using ELISA assay based on human IL-6 KIT.
Results: SNP genotyping of INFL-4 gene showed that 13.1% of patients carried ∆G/∆G, 30.4% patients had TT/TT and 56.5% patients possessed heterozygote allele ∆G/TT. Clinical data displayed that 13 patients were got relapsed at SVR 12. Serum level of IL-6 was noticed higher in HCV patients than healthy ones. Noteworthy, it was increased during treatment then decreased to a minimal level than begining of treatment.
Conclusion: SNP in INFL-4 gene has displayed no effect in response to Sofosbuvir. Dual therapy had the same effect like triple therapy, so interferon could be withdrawn from the treatment regimen.
Activation de la résilience chez des enfants placés, du point de vue des professionnels des services de protection de l’enfance de l’Ontario, Canada
Authors: Louis Robert 
Published: February 2020

Quoique la résilience ait été scientifiquement étudiée sous différents angles, son activation, via un accompagnement significatif réalisé par un professionnel, suscite un intérêt particulier notamment dans la recherche de stratégies innovantes d’intervention spécifiquement auprès des enfants exposés à la maltraitance. À travers la lentille des savoirs pratiques de cinquante travailleurs sociaux des services de protection de l’enfance de l’Ontario, cette étude a documenté précisément l’activation du processus de résilience d’enfants ayant été confrontés à des situations de maltraitance, et réputés avoir mobilisé leur plein potentiel de résilience, du point de vue des participants. La posture interdisciplinaire adoptée ici, entraîne une ouverture sur plusieurs champs d’investigation, ainsi qu’une mise en conjonction des savoirs disciplinaires divers mobilisant des données empiriques et des matériaux théoriques. Les avancées des neurosciences par exemple, permettent de mieux saisir ce qui s’observe empiriquement. Notre analyse des récits de pratique révèle que le mécanisme par lequel s’active le processus de résilience se met véritablement en branle lorsque l’enfant, lui-même, mais à la faveur du contact avec un tuteur de résilience, parvient à saisir le présent, à vaincre sa peur, à s’approprier son sentiment d’existence, à trouver sa place au sein de la société. Cette posture de l’enfant découle d’interventions qui mettent l’accent sur l’encadrement, le soutien, l’aide et les ressources nécessaires, conditions sine qua non pour que s’active la résilience. Nous innovons donc. Nous proposons à travers cette étude, le concept de résilience activée , que nous définissons comme suit : Le fait pour un individu, avec l’aide d’un tuteur de résilience, de parvenir à saisir le présent, à vaincre sa peur, à s’approprier son sentiment d’existence et, à trouver sa place au sein de la société.
Information sur le risque familial de cancer colorectal. Regards croisés sur l’efficacité d’une intervention personnalisée
Authors: Ingrand Isabelle , Gaussot Ludovic , Richard Elisabeth , Drouet Griselda , Moreau Fabienne , Ingrand Pierre 
Published: February 2020

Objectif : Une information sur les niveaux de risque est un élément essentiel de la prévention du cancer colorectal (CCR). L’objectif de cet article est de décrire une intervention personnalisée dans le but d’informer les protagonistes (patients atteints de CCR ou d’adénome, fratries et médecins) sur le risque élevé de CCR lié à l’existence d’antécédents familiaux, puis de comprendre, à travers une analyse interdisciplinaire, les mécanismes mis en œuvre lors de l’intervention. Méthode : Un schéma d’essai randomisé a été appliqué. Le critère de jugement principal était la réalisation de la coloscopie. L’intervention concernait d’abord les patients index atteints de CCR ou porteurs d’un adénome avec, pour objectif, de les conseiller et les accompagner dans la transmission, aux membres de leur fratrie, de l’information sur le risque élevé de CCR. Les fratries recevaient un conseil personnalisé délivré par une infirmière de prévention, par téléphone puis par courrier. Des analyses croisées épidémiologiques, linguistiques et sociologiques ont été réalisées afin de comprendre l’impact de l’intervention. Résultats : Le taux de coloscopies était de 56,3 % dans le groupe intervention, 35,4 % dans le groupe témoin ( p = 0,0027 ; 304 frères/sœurs). L’analyse linguistique des enregistrements des interventions téléphoniques de l’infirmière a montré que le discours des fratries qui avaient réalisé la coloscopie était mieux construit, plus stabilisé dans le groupe intervention ( n = 59) que dans le groupe témoin ( n = 8), ce que confirme l’analyse sociologique (quatre monographies), qui montre, en outre, l’importance d’une information transmise par un professionnel de santé et de la communication au sein des familles. Conclusion : L’étude a montré l’impact de la transmission de l’information pour convaincre les fratries à risque élevé de CCR de réaliser la coloscopie.
Représentations du dépistage organisé du cancer colorectal : le point de vue des médecins généralistes
Authors: Le Bonniec Alice , Préau Marie , Cousson-Gélie Florence 
Published: February 2020

Objectifs : Diverses études ont révélé que les médecins généralistes ont une grande influence sur l’adhésion de la population au dépistage organisé du cancer colorectal. Face à des taux de dépistage très faibles en France (29,8 %), cette étude vise à appréhender le contexte du dépistage, les représentations des médecins et les enjeux de l’arrivée d’un nouveau test de dépistage dans la façon d’envisager la pratique médicale. Méthodes : Sur la base d’une méthodologie qualitative, des entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés auprès de 17 médecins généralistes en 2014-2015. Une analyse de contenu thématique a été réalisée. Résultats : Les médecins interrogés affirment aborder rapidement le dépistage du cancer colorectal, et ce en fin de consultation, avec d’autres examens de dépistage (mammographie), en raison d’un manque de temps et de la nécessité de gérer plusieurs motifs de consultation. N’ayant eu que très peu d’informations sur le nouveau test, ils rapportent donc ne pas avoir d’attentes particulières envers celui-ci. L’analyse a également révélé une incohérence perçue par les médecins entre le rôle qu’ils pensent devoir jouer auprès des patients dans la prévention et le dépistage et la réalité de leur pratique qui ne leur laisse que peu de temps à y consacrer. Conclusions : Un manque d’information concernant l’arrivée du nouveau test ainsi que des difficultés liées à l’organisation des soins viennent impacter les représentations de la gestion du dépistage. La mise en place d’une consultation dédiée à la prévention pourrait être une perspective d’amélioration de la participation au dépistage.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Stakeholder Theory: Learning From Each Other
Authors: Freeman R. Edward , Dmytriyev Sergiy 
Published: February 2020

This paper explores the relationship between two major concepts in business ethics - stakeholder theory and corporate social responsibility (CSR). We argue that CSR is a part of corporate responsibilities (company responsibilities to all stakeholders), and show that there is a need for both concepts in business ethics, and their applicability is dependent on a particular problem we want to solve. After reviewing some criticisms of CSR - covering wrongdoing and creating false dichotomies, we suggest that incorporating some findings from recent research on stakeholder theory can help align both concepts and overcome the criticisms. At the end of the article, we outline potential directions for future research on CSR.
Runoff reaction from extreme rainfall events on natural hillslopes: a data set from 132 large-scale sprinkling experiments in south-western Germany
Authors: Ries Fabian , Kirn Lara , Weiler Markus 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Pluvial or flash floods generated by heavy precipitation
events cause large economic damage and loss of life worldwide. As discharge
observations from such extreme occurrences are rare, especially on the scale
of small catchments or even hillslopes, data from artificial sprinkling
experiments offer valuable information on runoff generation processes,
overland and subsurface flow rates, and response times. We conducted 132
large-scale sprinkling experiments on natural hillslopes at 23 sites with
different soil types and geology on pastures and arable land within the
federal state of Baden-Württemberg in south-western Germany. The
experiments were realized between 2016 and 2017. Simulated rainfall events
of varying durations were based on (a) the site-specific 100-year return
periods of rainfall with different durations and (b) the maximum rainfall
intensity observed locally. The 100 m2 experimental area was
divided into three individual plots, and overland and subsurface flow, soil
moisture, and water level dynamics in the temporarily saturated soil zone
were measured at 1 min resolution. Furthermore, soil characteristics were
described in detail for each site. The data were carefully processed and
corrected for measurement errors and combined into a consistent and easy-to-use database. The experiments revealed large variability in possible
runoff responses to similar rainfall characteristics. In general,
agricultural fields produced more overland flow than grassland. The latter
generated hardly any runoff during the first simulated 100-year event on
initially dry soils. The data set provides valuable information on runoff
generation variability from natural hillslopes and may be used for the
development and evaluation of hydrological models, especially those
considering physical processes governing runoff generation during extreme
precipitation events. The data set presented in this paper is freely
available from the FreiDok plus data repository at
https://doi.org/10.6094/UNIFR/151460 (Ries et al., 2019).