bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parafoveal‐on‐foveal repetition effects in sentence reading: A co‐registered eye‐tracking and electroencephalogram study
Authors: Mirault Jonathan , Yeaton Jeremy , Broqua Fanny , Dufau Stéphane , Holcomb Phillip J. , Grainger Jonathan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhen reading, can the next word in the sentence (word n + 1) influence how you read the word you are currently looking at (word n)? Serial models of sentence reading state that this generally should not be the case, whereas parallel models predict that this should be the case. Here we focus on perhaps the simplest and the strongest Parafoveal‐on‐Foveal (PoF) manipulation: word n + 1 is either the same as word n or a different word. Participants read sentences for comprehension and when their eyes left word n, the repeated or unrelated word at position n + 1 was swapped for a word that provided a syntactically correct continuation of the sentence. We recorded electroencephalogram and eye‐movements, and time‐locked the analysis of fixation‐related potentials (FRPs) to fixation of word n. We found robust PoF repetition effects on gaze durations on word n, and also on the initial landing position on word n. Most important is that we also observed significant effects in FRPs, reaching significance at 260 ms post‐fixation of word n. Repetition of the target word n at position n + 1 caused a widely distributed reduced negativity in the FRPs. Given the timing of this effect, we argue that it is driven by orthographic processing of word n + 1, while readers were still looking at word n, plus the spatial integration of orthographic information extracted from these two words in parallel.
Comparing Cost Accounting Use across European Countries: The Role of Administrative Traditions, NPM Instruments, and Fiscal Stress
Authors: Mohr Zachary T. , Raudla Ringa , Douglas James W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCost accounting in public organizations is not often studied from a comparative perspective,particularly at the national level of government.While it is often claimed that factors such as New Public Management (NPM) and fiscal stress are the primary drivers of government cost accounting,an important but understudied factor is the administrative tradition of the government,which may influence the use of cost accounting and tools like it.This article examines the perceptions of top public executives regarding cost accounting use across 19 European countries.It focuses on three key factors identified in the literature as potentially being associated with cost accounting use—administrative traditions,NPM instruments,and fiscal stress.Findings show that administrative tradition and the use of NPM instruments are related to cost accounting use,but fiscal stress is not related to cost accounting use in the countries in our study.
Multiple Imputation of Binary Multilevel Missing not at Random Data
Authors: Hammon Angelina , Zinn Sabine 
Published: February 2020

SummaryWe introduce a selection model-based multilevel imputation approach to be used within the fully conditional specification framework for multiple imputation. Concretely, we apply a censored bivariate probit model to describe binary variables assumed to be missing not at random. The first equation of the model defines the regression model for the missing data mechanism. The second equation specifies the regression model of the variable to be imputed. The non-random selection of the binary data is mapped by correlations between the error terms of the two regression models. Hierarchical data structures are modelled by random intercepts in both equations. To fit the novel imputation model we use maximum likelihood and adaptive Gauss–Hermite quadrature. A comprehensive simulation study shows the overall performance of the approach. We test its usefulness for empirical research by applying it to a common problem in social scientific research: the emergence of educational aspirations. Our software is designed to be used in the R package mice.
Regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells in viral infection
Authors: Wan Zhikai , Zhou Zhifeng , Liu Yao , Lai Yuhan , Luo Yuan , Peng Xiaoping , Zou Wei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCD4+T cells are the central element of the adaptive immune responses and protect the body from a variety of pathogens. Starting from naive cells, CD4+T cells can differentiate into various effector cell subsets with specialized functions including T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Among them, Tregs and Th17 cells show a strong plasticity allowing the functional adaptation to various physiological and pathological environments during immune responses. Although they are derived from the same precursor cells and their differentiation pathways are interrelated, the terminally differentiated cells have totally opposite functions. Studies have shown that Tregs and Th17 cells have rather complex interplays in viral infection: Th17 cells may contribute to immune activation and disease progression while Tregs may inhibit this process and play a key role in the maintenance of immune homoeostasis, possibly at the cost of compromised viral control. In this review, we take respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections as examples to discuss these interplays and their impacts on disease progression in viral infection.
Freeze‐dried plasma in major haemorrhage: a systematic review
Authors: Feuerstein Solveig Johanna , Skovmand Kamilla , Møller Ann Merete , Wildgaard Kim 
Published: February 2020

Background and objectivesFreeze‐dried plasma (FDP) has logistical advantages in terms of storage and reconstitution time compared to fresh‐frozen plasma. In vitro studies show FDP to be equivalent to fresh‐frozen plasma regarding coagulation and clotting capacities. FDP is used in an increasing number of countries. We wanted to evaluate the clinical effects of FDP in major haemorrhage compared to standard care.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, Central, Biosis Previews, WHO ICTRP, Clinical Trials and Open Grey were systematically searched from inception until September 2018, without language restriction. Studies were eligible if they examined haemorrhagic adult patients transfused with FDP. Our primary outcome was mortality. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for eligibility, extracted data and assessed bias.ResultsNine studies were eligible for inclusion. Three studies had a comparison group: one was a randomized controlled trial and two were before and after comparisons. Six studies were uncontrolled. A total of 606 patients received FDP, while 72 patients received non‐FDP transfusion. In total, five minor adverse effects were documented. Two studies compared FDP to fresh‐frozen plasma and found no difference in 30‐day mortality between the groups. The included studies were heterogenous and had several methodological weaknesses, such as no control group, missing data or no protocol.ConclusionsThe available research does not document the clinical effects of FDP. We cannot recommend or discourage use of FDP in major haemorrhage on base of available research.
A Recruitment Model of Tendon Viscoelasticity That Incorporates Fibril Creep and Explains Strain-Dependent Relaxation
Authors: Shearer Tom , Parnell William J. , Lynch Barbara , Screen Hazel R. C. , David Abrahams I. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Soft tissues exhibit complex viscoelastic behavior, including strain-rate dependence, hysteresis, and strain-dependent relaxation. In this paper, a model for soft tissue viscoelasticity is developed that captures all of these features and is based upon collagen recruitment, whereby fibrils contribute to tissue stiffness only when taut. We build upon existing recruitment models by additionally accounting for fibril creep and by explicitly modeling the contribution of the matrix to the overall tissue viscoelasticity. The fibrils and matrix are modeled as linear viscoelastic and each fibril has an associated critical strain (corresponding to its length) at which it becomes taut. The model is used to fit relaxation tests on three rat tail tendon fascicles and predict their response to cyclic loading. It is shown that all of these mechanical tests can be reproduced accurately with a single set of constitutive parameters, the only difference between each fascicle being the distribution of their fibril crimp lengths. By accounting for fibril creep, we are able to predict how the fibril length distribution of a fascicle changes over time under a given deformation. Furthermore, the phenomenon of strain-dependent relaxation is explained as arising from the competition between the fibril and matrix relaxation functions.
Conceptualizing Stable States in Origami-Based Devices Using an Energy Visualization Approach
Authors: Greenwood Jacob , Avila Alex , Howell Larry , Magleby Spencer 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In many origami-based applications, a device needs to be maintained in one or more fold states. The origami stability integration method (OSIM) presented in this paper provides an approach for graphically combining various techniques to achieve stability. Existing stability techniques are also categorized into four groups based on whether they are intrinsic or extrinsic to the origami pattern and whether they exhibit gradual or non-gradual energy storage behaviors. These categorizations can help designers select appropriate techniques for their application. The paper also contains design considerations and resources for achieving stability. Finally, two case studies are presented which use the OSIM and the technique categorization to conceptualize stability in origami-based devices.
Recombinase Polymerase Amplification and Lateral Flow Assay for Ultrasensitive Detection of Low-Density Plasmodium falciparum Infection from Controlled Human Malaria Infection Studies and Naturally Acquired Infections
Authors: Lalremruata Albert , Nguyen The Trong , McCall Matthew B. B. , Mombo-Ngoma Ghyslain , Agnandji Selidji T. , Adegnika Ayôla A. , Lell Bertrand , Ramharter Michael , Hoffman Stephen L. , Kremsner Peter G. , Mordmüller Benjamin 
Published: February 2020

Microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are the main diagnostic tools for malaria but fail to detect low-density parasitemias that are important for maintaining malaria transmission. To complement existing diagnostic methods, an isothermal reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification and lateral flow assay (RT-RPA) was developed. We compared the performance with that of ultrasensitive reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (uRT-qPCR) using nucleic acid extracts from blood samples (
n
= 114) obtained after standardized controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) with
Plasmodium falciparum
sporozoites.
Prospective community programme versus parent-driven care to prevent respiratory morbidity in children following hospitalisation with severe bronchiolitis or pneumonia
Authors: Byrnes Catherine Ann , Trenholme Adrian , Lawrence Shirley , Aish Harley , Higham Julie Anne , Hoare Karen , Elborough Aileen , McBride Charissa , Le Comte Lyndsay , McIntosh Christine , Chan Mow Florina , Jaksic Mirjana , Metcalfe Russell , Coomarasamy Christin , Leung William , Vogel Alison , Percival Teuila , Mason Henare , Stewart Joanna 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundHospitalisation with severe lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in early childhood is associated with ongoing respiratory symptoms and possible later development of bronchiectasis. We aimed to reduce this intermediate respiratory morbidity with a community intervention programme at time of discharge.MethodsThis randomised, controlled, single-blind trial enrolled children aged <2 years hospitalised for severe LRTI to ‘intervention’ or ‘control’. Intervention was three monthly community clinics treating wet cough with prolonged antibiotics referring non-responders. All other health issues were addressed, and health resilience behaviours were encouraged, with referrals for housing or smoking concerns. Controls followed the usual pathway of parent-initiated healthcare access. After 24 months, all children were assessed by a paediatrician blinded to randomisation for primary outcomes of wet cough, abnormal examination (crackles or clubbing) or chest X-ray Brasfield score ≤22.Findings400 children (203 intervention, 197 control) were enrolled in 2011–2012; mean age 6.9 months, 230 boys, 87% Maori/Pasifika ethnicity and 83% from the most deprived quintile. Final assessment of 321/400 (80.3%) showed no differences in presence of wet cough (33.9% intervention, 36.5% controls, relative risk (RR) 0.93, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.25), abnormal examination (21.7% intervention, 23.9% controls, RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.38) or Brasfield score ≤22 (32.4% intervention, 37.9% control, RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.17). Twelve (all intervention) were diagnosed with bronchiectasis within this timeframe.InterpretationWe have identified children at high risk of ongoing respiratory disease following hospital admission with severe LRTI in whom this intervention programme did not change outcomes over 2 years.Trial registration numberACTRN12610001095055.
Characterization of recent deep-sea debrites in the eastern Mediterranean based on foraminiferal taphonomy
Authors: Katz Oded , Ashkenazi Leeron , Sultan-Levi Shani , Abramovich Sigal , Almogi-Labin Ahuva , Hyams-Kaphzan Orit 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

It is hypothesized that submarine transport of sediments down a continental slope induces physical disintegration of pristine (non-broken) foraminiferal shells, and thus mass transport deposits should include a significant percentage of fragmented shells. To validate this hypothesis, we studied two gravity-cores from the eastern Mediterranean continental slope, offshore Israel: AM113 sampled within a landslide lobe at 848 m water depth, and AM015 located away from a landslide at 1080 m. At least one interval,
c.
0.5 m thick, of heterogeneous sediments (i.e. debrite) was identified within each core. The timing of these debrites, based on biostratigraphy, oxygen isotopes and total organic carbon data, predates sapropel S1 in both cores and is contemporaneous (AM113) or slightly predates (AM015) the most recent deglaciation.

We found a noticeable increase in the fragmentation of benthic and planktic foraminiferal shells through the last deglaciation and up to the base of S1. This strongly fragmented sequence is located in the debrite of AM113 but overlays the debrite of AM015. Accordingly, we suggest two possible mechanisms for the increased fragmentation of foraminiferal shells in both cores: sediment transport and turbulence related to submarine mass-transport events, or geochemical changes in the lower water column properties at the transition from MIS-2 to the Holocene.
ROCK1 inhibitor stabilizes E-cadherin and improves barrier function in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Buonpane Christie , Yuan Carrie , Wood Douglas , Ares Guillermo , Klonoski Samuel C. , Hunter Catherine J. 
Published: February 2020

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease of newborns. Although incompletely understood, NEC is associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction. E-cadherin, an adherens junction, is a protein complex integral in maintaining normal barrier homeostasis. Rho-associated protein kinase-1 (ROCK1) is a kinase that regulates the E-cadherin complex, and p120-catenin is a subunit of the E-cadherin complex that has been implicated in stabilizing the cadherin complex at the plasma membrane. We hypothesized that E-cadherin is decreased in NEC and that inhibition of ROCK1 would protect against adherens junction disruption. To investigate this, a multimodal approach was used: In vitro Caco-2 model of NEC (LPS/TNFα), rap pup model (hypoxia + bacteria-containing formula), and human intestinal samples. E-cadherin was decreased in NEC compared with controls, with relocalization from the cell border to an intracellular location. ROCK1 exhibited a time-dependent response to disease, with increased early expression in NEC and decreased expression at later time points and disease severity. Administration of ROCK1 inhibitor (RI) resulted in preservation of E-cadherin expression at the cell border, preservation of intestinal villi on histological examination, and decreased apoptosis. ROCK1 upregulation in NEC led to decreased association of E-cadherin to p120 and increased intestinal permeability. RI helped maintain the stability of the E-cadherin-p120 complex, leading to improved barrier integrity and protection from experimental NEC.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper is the first to describe the effect of ROCK1 on E-cadherin expression in the intestinal epithelium and the protective effects of ROCK inhibitor on E-cadherin stability in necrotizing enterocolitis.
Severe neonatal anemia increases intestinal permeability by disrupting epithelial adherens junctions
Authors: MohanKumar Krishnan , Namachivayam Kopperuncholan , Sivakumar Nithya , Alves Natascha G. , Sidhaye Venkataramana , Das Jayanta K. , Chung Yerin , Breslin Jerome W. , Maheshwari Akhil 
Published: February 2020

Anemia is a frequent diagnosis in critically ill infants, but the clinical implications of severe anemia in these patients remain unclear. In this study, we examined preweaned mice to investigate the effects of severe anemia during early infancy on gut mucosal permeability. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to timed phlebotomy between postnatal days (P) 2–10 to induce severe anemia (hematocrits 20%–24%), and intestinal permeability was tracked longitudinally between P10 and P20 as intestine-to-plasma translocation of enteral macromolecules and bacterial translocation. Epithelial junctions were evaluated by electron microscopy, polymerase chain reactions, immunohistochemistry, and/or enzyme immunoassays on intestinal tissues, Caco-2 intestinal epithelial-like cells, and colonic organoids. Preweaned mouse pups showed an age-related susceptibility to severe anemia, with increased intestinal permeability to enteral macromolecules (dextran, ovalbumin, β-lactoglobulin) and luminal bacteria. Electron micrographs showed increased paracellular permeability and ultrastructural abnormalities of the adherens junctions. These findings were explained by the loss of E-cadherin in epithelial cells, which was caused by destabilization of the E-cadherin ( Cdh1) mRNA because of microRNA let-7e-5p binding to the 3′-untranslated region. Severe anemia resulted in a disproportionate and persistent increase in intestinal permeability in preweaned mice because of the disruption of epithelial adherens junctions. These changes are mediated via microRNA let-7e-mediated depletion of Cdh1 mRNA. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research article shows that newborn infants with severe anemia show an age-related susceptibility to developing increased intestinal permeability to ingested macromolecules. This abnormal permeability develops because of abnormalities in intestinal epithelial junctions caused by a deficiency of the molecule E-cadherin in epithelial cells. The deficiency of E-cadherin is caused by destabilization of its mRNA precursor because of increased expression and binding of another molecule, the microRNA let-7e-5p, to the E-cadherin mRNA.
Aging-related liver degeneration is associated with increased bacterial endotoxin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein levels
Authors: Jin Cheng Jun , Baumann Anja , Brandt Annette , Engstler Anna Janina , Nier Anika , Hege Marianne , Schmeer Christian , Kehm Richard , Höhn Annika , Grune Tilman , Witte Otto W. , Bergheim Ina 
Published: February 2020

Aging is a risk factor in the development of many diseases, including liver-related diseases. The two aims of the present study were 1) to determine how aging affects liver health in mice in the absence of any interventions and 2) if degenerations observed in relation to blood endotoxin levels are critical in aging-associated liver degeneration. Endotoxin levels and markers of liver damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and apoptosis as well as the Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr-4) signaling cascade were studied in liver tissue and blood, respectively, of 3- and 24-mo-old male C57BL/6J mice. In a second set of experiments, 3- to 4-mo-old and 14-mo-old female lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP)−/− mice and littermates fed standard chow, markers of liver damage, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial dysfunction were assessed. Plasma activity of aspartate aminotransferase and histological signs of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were significantly higher in old C57BL/6J mice than in young animals. The number of neutrophils, CD8α-positive cells, and mRNA expression of markers of apoptosis were also significantly higher in livers of old C57BL/6J mice compared with young animals, being also associated with a significant induction of hepatic Tlr-4 and LBP expression as well as higher endotoxin levels in peripheral blood. Compared with age-matched littermates, LBP−/− mice display less signs of senescence in liver. Taken together, our data suggest that, despite being fed standard chow, old mice developed liver inflammation and beginning fibrosis and that bacterial endotoxin may play a critical role herein. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Old age in mice is associated with marked signs of liver degeneration, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis. Aging-associated liver degeneration is associated with elevated bacterial endotoxin levels and an induction of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and Toll-like receptor 4-dependent signaling cascades in liver tissue. Furthermore, in old aged LBP−/− mice, markers of senescence seem to be lessened, supporting the hypothesis that bacterial endotoxin levels might be critical in aging-associated decline of liver.
Prospective Association of Energy Balance Scores Based on Metabolic Biomarkers with Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Guinter Mark A. , Gapstur Susan M. , McCullough Marjorie L. , Flanders W. Dana , Wang Ying , Rees-Punia Erika , Alcaraz Kassandra I. , Pollak Michael N. , Campbell Peter T. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background:
Energy balance–related factors, such as body mass index (BMI), diet, and physical activity, may influence colorectal cancer etiology through interconnected metabolic pathways, but their combined influence is less clear.

Methods:
We used reduced rank regression to derive three energy balance scores that associate lifestyle factors with combinations of prediagnostic, circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), C-peptide, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among 2,498 participants in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort. Among 114,989 participants, we verified 2,228 colorectal cancer cases. We assessed associations of each score with colorectal cancer incidence and by tumor molecular phenotypes using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results:
The derived scores comprised BMI, physical activity, screen time, and 14 food groups, and explained 5.1% to 10.5% of the variation in biomarkers. The HR and 95% confidence interval (CI) for quartile 4 versus 1 of the HbA1c+C peptide–based score and colorectal cancer was 1.30 (1.15–1.47), the hsCRP-based score was 1.35 (1.19–1.53), and the hsCRP, C-peptide, and HbA1c-based score was 1.35 (1.19–1.52). The latter score was associated with non-CIMP tumors (HRQ4vsQ1: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.17–2.16), but not CIMP-positive tumors (Pheterogeneity = 0.04).

Conclusions:
These results further support hypotheses that systemic biomarkers of metabolic health—inflammation and abnormal glucose homeostasis—mediate part of the relationship between several energy balance–related modifiable factors and colorectal cancer risk.

Impact:
Results support cancer prevention guidelines for maintaining a healthful body weight, consuming a healthful diet, and being physically active. More research is needed on these clusters of exposures with molecular phenotypes of tumors.