bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metastasis to the Central Nervous System
Authors: Boire Adrienne 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Management of metastasis to the central nervous system (CNS) has evolved, and molecular characterization of metastatic disease is now routinely done. Targeted therapies, once few in number with limited penetration into the CNS, have multiplied in number and increased in CNS coverage. This article addresses recent advances in the evaluation and clinical management of patients with CNS metastasis.

RECENT FINDINGS
Metastasis of cancer to the CNS can be diagnosed and characterized with novel techniques, including molecular analyses of the spinal fluid, so-called liquid biopsies. Resected parenchymal CNS metastases are now routinely subjected to genomic sequencing. For patients with CNS metastases displaying targetable mutations, a wide variety of treatment options are available, including deferral of radiation therapy in favor of a trial of an orally bioavailable targeted therapy or immunotherapy. For patients without a molecularly targetable lesion, local treatment in the form of radiation therapy, now most often stereotactic radiosurgery, is supplanting untargeted whole-brain radiation therapy.

SUMMARY
Technologic advances in diagnosis and management have resulted in new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to patients with metastasis to the CNS, with resulting improvements in progression-free and overall survival.
Neurotoxicity of Cancer Therapies
Authors: Dietrich Jorg 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article reviews neurologic complications associated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, antiangiogenic therapy, and immunotherapy.

RECENT FINDINGS
Cancer therapies can cause a wide range of neurologic adverse effects and may result in significant patient morbidity and mortality. Although some treatment-associated neurologic complications manifest acutely and are often reversible and transient, others occur with delayed onset, can be progressive, and are uniquely challenging to patient management. With an increase in multimodality and combination therapies, including targeted therapies and immunotherapies, and prolonged patient survival, novel and unique patterns of neurologic complications have emerged.

SUMMARY
Both conventional and novel cancer therapies can adversely affect the nervous system, thereby producing a wide range of neurologic complications. Increased awareness among neurologists and early recognition of cancer therapy–induced neurotoxic syndromes is critically important to minimize patient morbidity, prevent permanent injury, and improve patient outcomes.
Evaluation and Management Codes for Outpatient Neurology Services in 2021: Changes to 99202-99215
Authors: Cohen Bruce H. , Busis Neil A. , Villanueva Raissa , Ciccarelli Luana 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Medical services can be conceptualized as falling into two categories: procedures and cognitive care. A procedure is defined as a surgical, medical, or diagnostic test performed on a patient, such as an x-ray, wound suture, surgery, or physical therapy treatment. Cognitive care, also known as Evaluation and Management (E/M) services, involves performing a medical history along with a physical examination and possibly ordering or reviewing diagnostic tests before formulating a medical opinion and initiating a care plan. The uniform language and categorization of all medical services is contained in the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) manual by the American Medical Association, which precisely describes all medical services using non-overlapping definitions and descriptions. The codes defined by CPT are the most commonly accepted set of codes used to file medical claims. In 2000, the US Department of Health and Human Services designated CPT to be the national reporting standard used in conjunction with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). CPT codes used today for E/M services were established in 1995 and define the components of history, examination, and medical decision making necessary to determine the level of each cognitive care service as delivered by a physician or other qualified health care professionals (eg, advanced practice providers). E/M rules were modified in 1997 and allowed some specialty services, such as neurology, to substitute a single system examination for a general, multisystem physical examination. Although new E/M codes were added over the years, the code descriptions and documentation guidelines for E/M services for outpatient and inpatient care remained essentially unchanged from 1997 through 2020. Most of the work performed by neurologists is E/M services, and the rules for coding outpatient care will change dramatically on January 1, 2021. This article discusses the rationale for these coding changes and explains how they are to be applied in the clinical setting.
Pediatric Brain Tumors
Authors: Partap Sonia , Monje Michelle 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article focuses on primary brain tumors in the pediatric population with an emphasis on molecular classifications and treatment strategies.

RECENT FINDINGS
Pediatric brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors that differ from adult brain cancers despite similar nomenclature. With the added complexity of the developing brain, treatment regimens are tailored to protect neurocognitive outcomes without sacrificing long-term survival. The 2016 World Health Organization’s classification incorporated molecular characteristics to aid in defining the diagnosis and prognosis of these tumors. These changes have enabled providers to stratify patients, thus intensifying therapies in those with high-risk diseases and modifying treatments to reduce morbidity for children and to provide better outcomes. Recent published findings from clinical trials have been especially helpful for gliomas, embryonal tumors, and ependymomas. By using this new information, molecular factors that correlate with survival have been identified in patients. In addition, genetic findings in tumor tissue have also led to revelations in predisposing germline mutations.

SUMMARY
New findings from clinical trials and molecular stratification will shape the next generation of therapies in hopes of improving overall outcome, identifying pathways in tumorigenesis, and aiding in genetic counseling for children and their families.
Comparing second cancer risk for multiple radiotherapy modalities in survivors of hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Timlin Claire , Loken James , Kruse Jon , Miller Robert , Schneider Uwe 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
To assess if excess absolute risk (EAR) of radiation-induced solid cancer can be used to rank radiotherapy plans for treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in a statistically significant way.

Methods:
EAR models, calibrated with data from the Life Span Study and HL survivors, have been incorporated into a voxelised risk-calculation software, which is used to compare four treatment modalities planned for five virtual HL patients. Organ-specific parameters are generated repeatedly in a Monte Carlo fashion to model their uncertainties. This in turn enables a quantitative estimation of the EAR uncertainties.

Results:
Parameter-driven uncertainties on total EAR are around 13%, decreasing to around 2–5% for relative EAR comparisons. Total EAR estimations indicate that intensity modulated proton therapy decreases the average risk by 40% compared to the intensity modulated radiation therapy plan, 28% compared to the volumetric modulated arc therapy plan whereas the three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy plan is equivalent within the uncertainty.

Conclusion:
Relative EAR is a useful metric for distinguishing between radiotherapy plans in terms of second cancer risk.

Advances in knowledge:
Relative EAR is not dominated by model or parameter uncertainties and can be used to guide the choice of radiotherapy for HL patients.
IMPLEMENTATION OF AGILE METHODOLOGY IN THE PROCESS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURE
Authors: Kurakova Chulpan , Safiullin Niyaz 
Published: November 2020

Перевод на Английский. The article discusses the specifics of introducing a flexible approach to the management of the digitization of modern agricultural production in the context of the digital economy. As a result of the study of the digital transformation teams of various business processes, it was proposed to introduce Agile's flexible methodology into the digital transformation management system of agricultural organizations in particular and the agricultural sector in general. To do this, the modern Agile frameworks, which define the boundary system that organizes the workflows of the organization, have been adapted. Scrum and Kanban are proposed as the most effective frameworks. This will enable agricultural organizations to explore and identify viable agricultural markets, develop and improve new agricultural information products, produce new products and update them more frequently and with customer opinion in mind, and introduce and support cloud technologies in digital transformation. A scheme has been developed to implement sprints in the Scrum framework and a task organization board in the Kanban framework. The authors highlight the main advantages of the Agile methodology for each interested side of digital transformation, invited to use the experience of digital transformation of foreign and domestic agricultural organizations in the implementation of the Agile methodology. To train agricultural workers, the basics of methodology are offered to be trained in the "CDO- Data-Based Management" program, which will form a digital transformation team and train directors and digital experts. At the same time, the authors highlighted the main shortcomings and problems in the implementation of the Agile methodology, as well as ways to overcome them in the practical activities of agricultural organizations.
The translator and his/her language/culture
Authors: Utri Reinhold 
Published: November 2020

Tłumacz i jego język/kultura
Zdefiniowanie kultury jest tak samo trudne jak zdefiniowanie języka. Z punktu widzenia teorii antropocentrycznej te dwie koncepcje są widoczne w innym świetle. Musimy badać kulturę, ponieważ czasami tłumacz odkrywa, iż problemy w tłumaczeniu są tak naprawdę problemami w zrozumieniu kultury. Tak samo ważne jest bycie świadomym zarówno tła kulturowego mówcy (którego tłumaczymy), jak i swojej własnej kultury.
Przekład z języka japońskiego – wielopłaszczyznowa semiotyka poezji japońskiej
Authors: Zakrzewska Joanna 
Published: November 2020

Translating Japanese – multilayered semiotics of Japanese poetry
The translation of the Japanese poetry is an extraordinary challenge for a translator. The specificity of this language comes not only from the diversity of morphological, inflexive or word formation differences. First of all, it is a language embedded in a completely different culture. The important element is a writing system based on the three sub‑characters: kanji ideograms and two kana syllabaries. For this reason the poetry comprises two layers: the verbal and the graphic layer. The translator maintaining concised utterances, essential feature of Japanese poetry, must express in the translation all the wealth of meanings, contained in both, verbal and graphic layers of the original. In Japanese poetry, besides those two mentioned earlier layers, there are also many rhetorical figures, which develop in a reader’s eyes many images‑associations overlaping the content of a poem by adding them “between the lines”.
CLUSTERS, EUROPEAN POLICY IN EXCELLENCE OF MANAGEMENT
Authors: Bardea Florina , Arion Felix , Szabelski Patryk 
Published: November 2020

The European Union (EU) plays an important role in the developing of clusters, defined by the European Commission as groups of specialized enterprises – often SMEs – and other related supporting actors that cooperate closely together in a particular location. As a result, the EU launched the pan-European initiative to support cluster management (European Cluster Excellence Initiative). It recognizes the performance of cluster management by quality labels such as the Bronze, Silver, and Gold issued by The European Secretariat of Cluster Analysis. With reference to these certifications, the authors analyzed the cluster management excellence by critically studying the labels granted in terms of trends, numbers, sectors, countries, and regions. Based on the gathered results, the clusters initiatives (new or already existed) can benchmark themselves. Regional, national, and European policymakers will be able to estimate how specific factors of political, geographical, demographic, access to raw materials, and level of development can influence the number of clusters, their quality of management, and cluster typology. The goal of the research is to identify the number and type (bronze, silver, and gold label) of clusters in the EU and UK. As research methods, analyzes were performed using the European Cluster Collaboration Platform (ECCP) and European Secretariat for Cluster Analysis (ESCA) data. The main results of the research show that clusters differ not only in size or activity but also in quality. Most clusters are found in the rich countries of Western Europe. Most clusters in Europe that have a bronze label are often located on the Iberian Peninsula, the Balkans, and Central Europe.
STUDY ON THE OPINION OF STAKEHOLDERS ON FORESTRY ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
Authors: Dragozova Elena , Shuleva Nevena 
Published: November 2020

The ecosystem services provided by forest areas have a direct and indirect impact on the quality of life of people and also increase the well-being of society. The regulatory and water protection function of forests is institutionalized in the European and Bulgarian legislation.
In the context of the current crisis in the water sector in Bulgaria there is a need to identify the stakeholder groups involved in the management, protection, control and use of the water ecosystem service. Under the crisis of water management in Bulgaria we understand the reduction of the volume of water resources and difficulties in supplying clean water to the population. Their opinion on the ecosystem of the forest and its water protection function in particular was examined by conducting a survey. The current paper identifies the different stakeholder groups and presents an analysis of the results obtained by means of a questionnaire sent to stakeholders. The results obtained are used as a basis for forming institutional links and managing conflicts in the process of generating, protecting and managing water from its source to the user. The study proved that society makes sense of the connection between the forest and the provision of clean water. Through the study, we succeeded in identifying a major problem related to the incomplete and outdated information on the maintenance of ecosystem services and improvement of the quality of the goods generated from them which is due to the poor communication between institutions coupled with the lack of awareness by the direct responsibilities of various departments and positions. The electronic platform created for the project on the one hand will support the process of information security of the technical mapping of water sources and water protection forests, as well as provide an opportunity for communication with various stakeholders. This will enable a higher information security.
DIGITAL DESIGN OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS USING VIRTUAL REALITY
Authors: Gabajová Gabriela , Krajčovič Martin , Rolinčinová Iveta , Furmannová Beáta , Bučková Monika 
Published: November 2020

The design and operation of intelligent production and logistics systems requires the strong support of digital technologies today. A production and logistics system is normally modelled in a virtual environment, allowing rapid work with an extensive data set and "what - if" analyses to help optimize the resulting system design for performance, productivity, safety and environmental performance of its future operation. This paper deals with the issue of the digital design of production systems with the effective deployment of virtual reality technologies into the individual phases of the production system design. This article describes the basic steps of the digital design methodology with the description of virtual reality application tools for the production and logistics system design, in order to reduce design defects and increase work safety. The proposed methodology has been verified in an experimental workplace, presenting real outputs. The final part of the article contains a brief discussion of the problem results.
ETHICAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF INNOVATIVE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Leventi Nikoleta , Vodenitcharova Alexandrina , Popova Kristina 
Published: November 2020

A clinical trial, according to the WHO, “is any research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes. Interventions include but are not restricted to drugs, cells and other biological products, surgical procedures, radiological procedures, devices, behavioural treatments, process-of-care changes, preventive care, etc”.
The application of innovative information technologies like artificial intelligence and big data analytics in clinical trial processes is a new challenge. Such systems are useful tools, and promise to enhance the healthcare management, and to optimize clinical outcomes and economic effectiveness. However, their use raises ethical and social issues.
In this direction, the European Commission in June 2018 set up the High Level Expert Group on AI, which offers guidance on a comprehensive framework for trustworthy AI. Trustworthy AI consists of three components, which should be met during the entire life cycle of the system: (1) it should be lawful, (2) it should be ethical, and (3) it should be robust.
In this article we used the focus group methodology to obtain information from experts about the ethical aspects raised when innovative information technologies like artificial intelligence and big data analytics are used in clinical trials. Feedback from the experts was also gathered regarding the usage of the proposed guidelines for trustworthy AI, as an evaluation tool for the particular case of clinical trials.
EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF CORRECTIVE EXERCISES ON PES PLANOVALGUS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Šutvajová Miroslava , Buľáková Kristína , Bartík Peter , Lesňáková Anna , Hudáková Zuzana 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The foot forms the natural base of the human body bearing all its weight. Over the course of a person's life, the foot ensures the contact of the body with the terrain and creates the basic support during dynamic activities such as walking or running, especially on uneven terrain. (Véle, 2006)
Objectives: The aim of the research was to verify the effects of targeted corrective exercises on healthy foot development in preschool children.
Methods: The research was conducted from September 2018 to March 2019. The research sample consisted of 105 probands (59 preschool girls and 46 preschool boys), out of whom 7.62% had the physiological position of the arch on the right foot during baseline measurements. The average age of probands was 5 years. The measured parameters were the foot arch height without and with a load. Measurements were taken before and after rehabilitation intervention.
Results: The statistical analysis of the results confirmed the positive effect of rehabilitation treatment in all monitored variables on statistically significant diference in terms of an elevation in the foot arch (p <0.005) and the influence of risk factors contributing to the development of researched foot deformities. The obtained data were processed into tables and graphs and subsequently evaluated.
Conclusion: Our study has shown that the most effective is the active exercise strengthening. The affected muscles maintain the foot arch as well as the whole posture.
METABOLIC AND ADIPOCYTOKINE PRECONDITIONS FOR PROGRESSION OF NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS IN OBESITY PATIENTS DUE TO COMORBIDITY WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Hryniuk Olha , Khukhlina Oksana , Liakhovych Oksana , Hutsuliak Viktoriia , Hnatkovych Snizhana 
Published: November 2020

The increasing prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a problem of high importance.
Objective: to determine the state of blood lipid spectrum, glycemia, the degree of insulin resistance and their regulation by adipose tissue hormones in NASH patients against the background of obesity, depending on comorbidity with COPD.
Methods. 130 patients were examined, including 35 NASH patients with obesity of the 1st stage (1 group), 60 NASH patients with obesity of the 1st stage and COPD 2-3 D (group 2), and 35 patients with COPD 2-3 D (group 3).
Results: Blood lipid concentration in patients of the 1st and the 2nd groups exceeded the norm by 29.5% and 39.8% respectively (p<0.05). In the 3rd group - by 14.9% (p<0.05). The content of total cholesterol in the blood also points out its probable increase by 36.3%, 45.7% and 14.9% (p<0.05) in comparison with practically healthy individuals (PHI) in patients of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups. A probable increase in the concentration of triacylglycerols (TG) in blood (1.9 and 2.2 times, respectively (p<0.05)) was recorded in the 1st and 2nd groups of patients, while in patients of the 3rd group the changes were quite significant (1.6 times increase, p<0.05).
Conclusions. Comorbidity of COPD in obese patients and NASH is an additional, powerful-inducing factor of lipid distress syndrome with significantly higher increase (compared with NASH without lung pathology) TG in blood, which form the basis of liver steatosis, total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, with significantly higher decrease high density lipoproteins, the atherogenic index, which are accompanied by hyperleptinemia, adiponectin deficiency, correlate with the degree of liver steatosis, fibrosis index, cytolytic activity, cholestatic, mesenchymal-inflammatory syndromes and are interrelated with hyperleptinemia, hypoadiponectinemia.