bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The management of embedded metal fragment patients and the role of chelation Therapy: A workshop of the Department of Veterans Affairs—Walter Reed National Medical Center
Authors: Gaitens Joanna M. , Potter Benjamin K. , D'Alleyrand Jean‐Claude G. , Overmann Archie L. , Gochfeld Michael , Smith Donald R. , Breyer Richard , McDiarmid Melissa A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExposure to retained metal fragments from war‐related injuries can result in increased systemic metal concentrations, thereby posing potential health risks to target organs far from the site of injury. Given the large number of veterans who have retained fragments and the lack of clear guidance on how to medically manage these individuals, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) convened a meeting of chelation experts and clinicians who care for embedded fragment patients to discuss current practices and provide medical management guidance. Based on this group's clinical expertise and review of published literature, the evidence presented suggests that, at least in the case of lead fragments, short‐term chelation therapy may be beneficial for embedded fragment patients experiencing acute symptoms associated with metal toxicity; however, in the absence of clinical symptoms or significantly elevated blood lead concentrations (greater than 80 µg/dL), chelation therapy may offer little to no benefit for individuals with retained fragments and pose greater risks due to remobilization of metals stored in bone and other soft tissues. The combination of periodic biomonitoring to assess metal body burden, longitudinal fragment imaging, and selective fragment removal when metal concentrations approach critical injury thresholds offers a more conservative management approach to caring for patients with embedded fragments.
Occupational risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders among railroad maintenance‐of‐way workers
Authors: Landsbergis Paul , Johanning Eckardt , Stillo Marco , Jain Rahul , Davis Michelle 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundOur objective was to examine occupational risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, back, and knee among railroad maintenance‐of‐way (MOW) workers.MethodsFour thousand eight‐hundred sixteen active, retired, and disabled members of the Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employes Division (BMWED) completed a survey. We computed adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) using Poisson regression for neck, back, and knee musculoskeletal symptoms by work exposures, adjusted for age, region, race/ethnicity, smoking, and potential second job and spare time vehicle vibration exposure.ResultsAmong active male BMWED members, we found associations between use of high‐vibration vehicles and neck pain (aPR = 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07‐2.03) and knee pain (aPR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.04‐1.82) for more than 1.9 years (vs 0) of full‐time equivalent use; but not back pain. Back pain radiating below the knee (sciatica indicator) was associated with high‐vibration vehicle use greater than 0.4 and less than 1.9 years (aPR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.15‐2.18). We also found significant associations between often or always lifting, pushing, pulling, or bending on the job (vs seldom or never) and neck pain (aPR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.20‐4.90), back pain (aPR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.24‐3.03), the sciatica indicator (aPR = 5.18, 95% CI: 1.28‐20.95), and knee pain (aPR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.47‐5.51), along with positive gradients in the outcome by exposure time.ConclusionsBiomechanical work exposures, including force and nonneutral postures, were associated with neck, lower back, and knee pain. Whole‐body vibration, as measured by the duration of use of high‐vibration vehicles, was associated with neck pain, knee pain, and sciatica. Prevention programs should address occupational risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders among MOW workers.
Assessing the accuracy of the death certificate injury at work box for identifying fatal occupational injuries in Michigan
Authors: Oliveri Anthony N. , Wang Ling , Rosenman Kenneth D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDeath certificates contain a box labeled “Injury at Work” which is to be marked “Yes” for all fatal occupational injuries. The accuracy of this box in Michigan is not fully characterized.MethodsThe accuracy of the Injury at Work box on the Michigan death certificate was compared to deaths identified from 2001 through 2016 by the Michigan Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation multi‐source surveillance system. The sensitivity was calculated across this time period, while specificity and positive and negative predictive values were derived for 2011‐2016. Univariate and multivariate regression were used to examine differences in the sensitivity over time and across demographic variables, industry, and the type of death.ResultsWe found a sensitivity for the Injury at Work box of 73.1% among 2156 deaths. The sensitivity showed a significant declining trend over the 17 years, from 79.8% to 63.1%. Sensitivity varied significantly across incident type (aircraft, animal‐related, drug overdose, motor vehicle, and suicides having particularly lower sensitivities, and electrocutions, falls, and machine‐related incidents having higher sensitivities), and industry sector (construction, manufacturing, public safety, transportation, and trade sectors having higher sensitivities, and agriculture and services sectors showing lower sensitivities). Across nearly all categories the sensitivity was significantly below 1.ConclusionsThe Injury at Work box on the Michigan death certificate was often incorrectly completed and has become less accurate with time, though the degree of this inaccuracy varies by the industry of the victim and the type of incident.
Chiral Fused 1,2,3‐Triazoles: A Synthetic Overview
Authors: Dhameja Manoj , Kumar Hariom , Gupta Preeti 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTriazoles have always occupied a pivotal position in the field of medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry. Recently, the area of chiral fused triazoles has gained attention. The synthetic routes to access chiral fused triazole may involve either a natural or synthetic chiral starting material with a suitably functionalized azide and alkyne component or isomer resolution to achieve chirality. Asymmetric synthesis methods using chiral complexes and organocatalysis have also emerged for obtaining chiral fused triazoles. Herein, we have described an up‐to‐date overview of different synthetic protocols applied to construct chiral fused 1,2,3‐triazoles.
Normative Cognitive Decline in Old Age
Authors: Wilson Robert S. , Wang Tianhao , Yu Lei , Bennett David A. , Boyle Patricia A. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo characterize trajectories of normative cognitive aging.MethodsOlder persons without dementia at study enrollment (n = 1,010) had annual cognitive testing for up to 24 years (mean = 9.9 years, standard deviation = 5.0), died, and underwent a neuropathologic examination to quantify 9 postmortem markers of common neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular conditions. To accommodate the heterogeneity in cognitive trajectories, we used functional mixed effects models, which allow individuals to have different patterns of cognitive decline under a unified model structure.ResultsIn a functional mixed effects model, postmortem markers (Alzheimer disease pathology, Lewy bodies, transactive response DNA‐binding protein 43 pathology, hippocampal sclerosis, atherosclerosis, gross infarcts) were associated with global cognitive decline. Residual global cognitive decline after adjustment for neuropathologic burden was weakly related to age at death; it occurred in only about one‐third of participants, mostly proximate to death. Results were comparable after eliminating the initial cognitive assessments to minimize retest learning or controlling for frailty proximate to death. Analyses were also conducted with composite measures of episodic memory and perceptual speed. Residual decline not attributable to neuropathologic burden was confined to a subset for each outcome and was most evident proximate to death. Age at death was unrelated to residual decline in episodic memory but was related to residual decline in perceptual speed.InterpretationLate life cognitive loss mainly reflects non‐normative pathologic and mortality‐related processes rather than normative age‐related processes. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:816–829
Tuning the Hybridization of Local Exciton and Charge‐Transfer States in Highly Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Xu Ye , Yao Huifeng , Ma Lijiao , Hong Ling , Li Jiayao , Liao Qing , Zu Yunfei , Wang Jingwen , Gao Mengyuan , Ye Long , Hou Jianhui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDecreasing the energy loss is one of the most feasible ways to improve the efficiencies of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Recent studies have suggested that non‐radiative energy loss (
) is the dominant factor that hinders further improvements in state‐of‐the‐art OPV cells. However, there is no rational molecular design strategy for OPV materials with suppressed
. Herein, taking molecular surface electrostatic potential (ESP) as a quantitative parameter, we establish a general relationship between chemical structure and intermolecular interactions. The results reveal that increasing the ESP difference between donor and acceptor will enhance the intermolecular interaction. In the OPV cells, the enhanced intermolecular interaction will increase the charge‐transfer (CT) state ratio in its hybridization with the local exciton state to facilitate charge generation, but simultaneously result in a larger
. These results suggest that finely tuning the ESP of OPV materials is a feasible method to further improve the efficiencies of OPV cells.
Ultrathin 2D Graphitic Carbon Nitride on Metal Films: Underpotential Sodium Deposition in Adlayers for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Lu , Yan Runyu , Oschatz Martin , Jiang Lei , Antonietti Markus , Xiao Kai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEfficient and low‐cost anode materials for the sodium‐ion battery are highly desired to enable more economic energy storage. Effects on an ultrathin carbon nitride film deposited on a copper metal electrode are presented. The combination of effects show an unusually high capacity to store sodium metal. The g‐C3N4 film is as thin as 10 nm and can be fabricated by an efficient, facile, and general chemical‐vapor deposition method. A high reversible capacity of formally up to 51 Ah g−1 indicates that the Na is not only stored in the carbon nitride as such, but that carbon nitride activates also the metal for reversible Na‐deposition, while forming at the same time an solid electrolyte interface layer avoiding direct contact of the metallic phase with the liquid electrolyte.
Superoxide Dismutase 1 in Health and Disease: How a Frontline Antioxidant Becomes Neurotoxic
Authors: Trist Benjamin G. , Hilton James B. , Hare Dominic J. , Crouch Peter J. , Double Kay L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a frontline antioxidant enzyme catalysing superoxide breakdown and is important for most forms of eukaryotic life. The evolution of aerobic respiration by mitochondria increased cellular production of superoxide, resulting in an increased reliance upon SOD1. Consistent with the importance of SOD1 for cellular health, many human diseases of the central nervous system involve perturbations in SOD1 biology. But far from providing a simple demonstration of how disease arises from SOD1 loss‐of‐function, attempts to elucidate pathways by which atypical SOD1 biology leads to neurodegeneration have revealed unexpectedly complex molecular characteristics delineating healthy, functional SOD1 protein from that which likely contributes to central nervous system disease. This review summarises current understanding of SOD1 biology from SOD1 genetics through to protein function and stability.
Discrete Hf18 Metal‐oxo Cluster as a Heterogeneous Nanozyme for Site‐Specific Proteolysis
Authors: Moons Jens , de Azambuja Francisco , Mihailovic Jelena , Kozma Karoly , Smiljanic Katarina , Amiri Mehran , Cirkovic Velickovic Tanja , Nyman May , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe selective hydrolysis of proteins by non‐enzymatic catalysis is difficult to achieve, yet it is crucial for applications in biotechnology and proteomics. Herein, we report that discrete hafnium metal‐oxo cluster [Hf18O10(OH)26(SO4)13⋅(H2O)33] (Hf18), which is centred by the same hexamer motif found in many MOFs, acts as a heterogeneous catalyst for the efficient hydrolysis of horse heart myoglobin (HHM) in low buffer concentrations. Among 154 amino acids present in the sequence of HHM, strictly selective cleavage at only 6 solvent accessible aspartate residues was observed. Mechanistic experiments suggest that the hydrolytic activity is likely derived from the actuation of HfIV Lewis acidic sites and the Brønsted acidic surface of Hf18. X‐ray scattering and ESI‐MS revealed that Hf18 is completely insoluble in these conditions, confirming the HHM hydrolysis is caused by a heterogeneous reaction of the solid Hf18 cluster, and not from smaller, soluble Hf species that could leach into solution.
Antibiotics Separation with MXene Membranes Based on Regularly Stacked High‐Aspect‐Ratio Nanosheets
Authors: Li Zhong‐Kun , Wei Yanying , Gao Xue , Ding Li , Lu Zong , Deng Junjie , Yang Xianfeng , Caro Jürgen , Wang Haihui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe uncontrolled release of antibiotics and pharmaceuticals into the environment is a worldwide increasing problem. Thus, highly efficient treatment technologies for wastewater are urgently needed. In this work, seven kinds of typical antibiotics (including water and alcohol soluble ones) are successfully separated from the corresponding aqueous and ethanolic solutions using highly regular laminated membranes. Our membranes are assembled with 2–4 μm titanium carbide nanosheets. The solvent permeance through such titanium carbide membrane is one order of magnitude higher than that through most polymeric nanofiltration membranes with similar antibiotics rejection. This high flux is due to the regular two‐dimensional (2D) structure resulting from the large aspect ratio of titanium carbide nanosheets. Moreover, the electrostatic interaction between the surface terminations and the antibiotics also affects the rejection and enhances the antifouling property. Such 2D titanium carbide membranes further broaden the application scope of laminated materials for separation and purification of high value added drugs in academia and industry.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Palladium‐Catalyzed Generation of Aryl Radicals from Aryl Triflates
Authors: Ratushnyy Maxim , Kvasovs Nikita , Sarkar Sumon , Gevorgyan Vladimir 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA mild visible‐light‐induced Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular C−H arylation of amides is reported. The method operates by cleavage of a C(sp2)−O bond, leading to hybrid aryl Pd‐radical intermediates. The following 1,5‐hydrogen atom translocation, intramolecular cyclization, and rearomatization steps lead to valuable oxindole and isoindoline‐1‐one motifs. Notably, this method provides access to products with readily enolizable functional groups that are incompatible with traditional Pd‐catalyzed conditions.
In Vitro Selection of a DNA Aptamer Targeting Degraded Protein Fragments for Biosensing
Authors: Liu Meng , Wang Jiayi , Chang Yangyang , Zhang Qiang , Chang Dingran , Hui Christy Y. , Brennan John D. , Li Yingfu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProtein biomarkers often exist as degradation fragments in biological samples, and affinity agents derived using a purified protein may not recognize them, limiting their value for clinical diagnosis. Herein, we present a method to overcome this issue, by selecting aptamers against a degraded form of the toxin B protein, which is a marker for diagnosing toxigenic Clostridium difficile infections. This approach has led to isolation of a DNA aptamer that recognizes degraded toxin B, fresh toxin B, and toxin B spiked into human stool samples. DNA aptamers selected using intact recombinant toxin B failed to recognize degraded toxin B, which is the form present in stored stool samples. Using this new aptamer, we produced a simple paper‐based analytical device for colorimetric detection of toxin B in stool samples, or in the NAP1 strain of Clostridium difficile. The combined aptamer‐selection and paper‐sensing strategy can expand the practical utility of DNA aptamers in clinical diagnosis.
An Activatable AIEgen Probe for High‐Fidelity Monitoring of Overexpressed Tumor Enzyme Activity and Its Application to Surgical Tumor Excision
Authors: Li Haidong , Yao Qichao , Xu Feng , Li Yueqing , Kim Dayeh , Chung Jeewon , Baek Gain , Wu Xiaofeng , Hillman Prima Fitria , Lee Eun Young , Ge Haoying , Fan Jiangli , Wang Jingyun , Nam Sang‐Jip , Peng Xiaojun , Yoon Juyoung 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMonitoring fluctuations in enzyme overexpression facilitates early tumor detection and excision. An AIEgen probe (DQM‐ALP) for the imaging of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was synthesized. The probe consists of a quinoline‐malononitrile (QM) core decorated with hydrophilic phosphate groups as ALP‐recognition units. The rapid liberation of DQM‐OH aggregates in the presence of ALP resulted in aggregation‐induced fluorescence. The up‐regulation of ALP expression in tumor cells was imaged using DQM‐ALP. The probe permeated into 3D cervical and liver tumor spheroids for imaging spatially heterogeneous ALP activity with high spatial resolution on a two‐photon microscopy platform, providing the fluorescence‐guided recognition of sub‐millimeter tumorigenesis. DQM‐ALP enabled differentiation between tumor and normal tissue ex vivo and in vivo, suggesting that the probe may serve as a powerful tool to assist surgeons during tumor resection.
Anatomy Students That are “Team‐Taught” May Achieve Better Results Than Those That are “Sole‐Taught”
Authors: McDonald Aaron C. , Green Rodney A. , Zacharias Anita , Whitburn Laura Y. , Hughes Diane L. , Colasante Meg , McGowan Heath 
Published: March 2020

Anatomy practical classes have traditionally been taught by a team of demonstrators (team‐taught) in a large dissection room. More recently, particularly in nonmedical contexts, practical classes have been taught by one teacher (sole‐taught) to smaller student groups. The aim of this study was to compare student outcomes when the same course was delivered with practical classes team‐taught at one campus (metropolitan) and sole‐taught at a second campus (regional) while maintaining similar staff to student ratios. This anatomy course, for physiotherapy and lower academically credentialed exercise science/physiology students, utilized blended delivery whereby most content was delivered online and practical classes comprised the main face‐to‐face teaching. In 2018, the metropolitan campus introduced team‐teaching practical classes while the regional campus continued with sole‐teaching. Student marks and engagement with online content were compared between campuses and to the previous year (2017) when both campuses had sole‐taught practical classes. While final marks for the course increased overall in 2018 (P < 0.01), exercise science/physiology students at the metropolitan campus (team‐taught) improved their final marks (53.5 ± 1.1%) compared to a slight decrease for the regional (sole‐taught) campus (44.8 ± 1.4%) (P < 0.01). There were no differences between campuses for physiotherapy students in 2018. Student engagement with online content did not contribute to the improvement in marks for exercise science/physiology students. Introduction of a team‐teaching format improved student marks, particularly for the lower academically credentialed students. Team‐teaching should be considered as the preferred format for anatomy practical classes, particularly in courses involving students with diverse academic credentials.
Multifluorinated Aryl Azides for the Development of Improved H2S Probes, and Fast Strain‐promoted Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition and Staudinger Reactions
Authors: Kang Xueying , Cai Xuekang , Yi Long , Xi Zhen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe development of advanced bioorthogonal reactions for detection and labeling of biomolecules is significant in chemical biology. Recently, researchers have found that multifluorinated aryl azides hold great potential for the development of improved bioorthogonal reactions. The fluorine atom can be a perfect substituent group because of its properties of excellent electronegativity and small steric hindrance. In this Minireview, we discuss recent developments of improved hydrogen sulfide (H2S) fluorescence probes, fast strain‐promoted azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) and nonhydrolysis Staudinger reactions based on the use of multifluorinated aryl azides. Additionally, kinetic studies and biological applications of these reactions are also presented.
Development of a Pre‐assembled Through‐Bond Energy Transfer (TBET) Fluorescent Probe for Ratiometric Sensing of Anticancer Platinum(ll) Complexes
Authors: Ong Jun Xiang , Ang Wee Han 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFluorescence microscopy has emerged as an attractive technique to probe the intracellular processing of Pt‐based anticancer compounds. Herein, we reported the first through‐bond energy transfer (TBET) fluorescent probe NPR1 designed for sensitive detection and quantitation of PtII complexes. The novel TBET probe was successfully applied for ratiometric fluorescence imaging of anticancer PtII complexes such as cisplatin and JM118 in cells. Capitalizing on the ability of the probe to discriminate between PtII complexes and their PtIV derivatives, the probe was further applied to study the activation of PtIV prodrug complexes that are known to release active PtII species after intracellular reduction.
Study of the migration behaviours of imidazoline corrosion inhibitor in concrete using UV–vis spectrophotometry
Authors: Zhao Zhijie , Zhang Chen , Zhao Jingmao , Zahedi Asl Vahdat , Wang Wei , Wei ShiXiong , Junaid Anjum Muhammad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, UV–visible light spectrophotometry was used for the first time to examine the migration behaviours of cationic and nonionic imidazoline corrosion inhibitors in concrete. Imidazoline can react with bromocresol purple resulting in a reduction in absorbance, which can be used to calculate quantitatively imidazoline concentration. The results showed that the migration rate of nonionic imidazoline was faster than that of cationic imidazoline with or without the presence of an electric field, possibly because of the better water solubility of nonionic imidazoline. The electric field could significantly accelerate the migration rate of the cationic and nonionic imidazoline. However, the penetration performance of nonionic imidazoline was much improved compared with that of cationic imidazoline in concrete. From X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, the N element could be detected on steel, verifying the migration behaviour of the nonionic imidazoline. This nonionic imidazoline could markedly retard steel corrosion according to potentiodynamic polarization.