bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide, other reactive signalling compounds, redox, and reductive stress
Authors: Hancock John T , Veal David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) and other reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are key signalling molecules in plants, but they do not work in isolation. NO is produced in cells, often increased in response to stress conditions, but many other reactive compounds used in signalling are generated and accumulate spatially and temporally together. This includes the reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Here, the interactions with such other reactive molecules is briefly reviewed. Furthermore, along with ROS and H2S, NO will potentially contribute to the overall intracellular redox of the cell. However, RNS will exist in redox couples and therefore the influence of the cellular redox on such couples will be explored. In discussions of the aberrations in intracellular redox it is usually oxidation, so-called oxidative stress, which is discussed. Here, we consider the notion of reductive stress and how this may influence the signalling which may be mediated by NO. By getting a more holistic view of NO biology, the influence on cell activity of NO and other RNS can be more fully understood, and may lead to the elucidation of methods for NO-based manipulation of plant physiology, leading to better stress responses and improved crops in the future.
NIHAO XXIV: rotation- or pressure-supported systems? Simulated Ultra Diffuse Galaxies show a broad distribution in their stellar kinematics
Authors: Cardona-Barrero Salvador , Di Cintio Arianna , Brook Christopher B A , Ruiz-Lara Tomas , Beasley Michael A , Falcón-Barroso Jesus , Macciò Andrea V 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
In recent years, a new window on galaxy evolution opened, thanks to the increasing discovery of galaxies with a low-surface brightness, such as Ultra Diffuse Galaxies (UDGs). The formation mechanism of these systems is still a much debated question and so are their kinematical properties. In this work, we address this topic by analysing the stellar kinematics of isolated UDGs formed in the hydrodynamical simulation suite Numerical Investigation of a Hundred Astrophysical Objects (NIHAO). We construct projected line-of-sight velocity and velocity dispersion maps to compute the projected specific angular momentum, λR, to characterize the kinematical support of the stars in these galaxies. We found that UDGs cover a broad distribution, ranging from dispersion to rotation-supported galaxies, with similar abundances in both regimes. The degree of rotation support of simulated UDGs correlates with several properties such as galaxy morphology, higher H i fractions, and larger effective radii with respect to the dispersion-supported group, while the dark matter halo spin and mass accretion history are similar among the two populations. We demonstrate that the alignment of the infalling baryons into the protogalaxy at early z is the principal driver of the z = 0 stellar kinematic state: pressure-supported isolated UDGs form via misaligned gas accretion while rotation-supported ones build up their baryons in an ordered manner. Accounting for random inclination effects, we predict that a comprehensive survey will find nearly half of field UDGs to have rotationally supported stellar discs, when selecting UDGs with effective radius larger than 1 kpc.
On the accretion of a new group of galaxies on to Virgo: I. Internal kinematics of nine in-falling dEs
Authors: Bidaran Bahar , Pasquali Anna , Lisker Thorsten , Coccato Lodovico , Falcón-Barroso Jesus , van de Ven Glenn , Peletier Reynier , Emsellem Eric , Grebel Eva K , La Barbera Francesco , Janz Joachim , Sybilska Agnieszka , Vijayaraghavan Rukmani , Gallagher John , Gadotti Dimitri A 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Galaxy environment has been shown to play an important role in transforming late-type, star-forming galaxies to quiescent spheroids. This transformation is expected to be more severe for low-mass galaxies ($M \lt 10^{10}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$) in dense galaxy groups and clusters, mostly due to the influence of their past host haloes (also known as pre-processing) and their present-day environments. For the first time, in this study, we investigate a sample of nine early-type dwarf galaxies (dEs) that were accreted as a likely bound group on to the Virgo galaxy cluster about 2–3 Gyr ago. Considering this special condition, these nine dEs may provide a test bed for distinguishing between the influence of the Virgo galaxy cluster and the effects of the previous host halo on their current properties. Specifically, we use VLT/MUSE integral-field unit spectra to derive their kinematics and specific angular momentum (λR) profiles. We observe a spread in the λR profiles of our sample dEs, finding that the λR profiles of half of them are as high as those of low-mass field galaxies. The remaining dEs exhibit λR profiles as low as those of Virgo dEs that were likely accreted longer ago. Moreover, we detect nebular emission in one dE with a gas velocity offset suggesting ongoing gas stripping in Virgo. We suggest that the low-λR dEs in our sample were processed by their previous host halo, prior to their infall to Virgo, and that the high-λR dEs may be experiencing ram pressure stripping in Virgo.
Ionomycin-induced mouse oocyte activation can disrupt preimplantation embryo development through increased reactive oxygen species reaction and DNA damage
Authors: Chen Chen , Sun Tingye , Yin Mingru , Yan Zhiguang , Yu Weina , Long Hui , Wang Li , Liao Xiaoyu , Yan Zheng , Li Wenzhi , Lyu Qifeng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Oocyte activation induced by calcium oscillations is an important process in normal fertilization and subsequent embryogenesis. In the clinical-assisted reproduction, artificial oocyte activation (AOA) is an effective method to improve the clinical outcome of patients with null or low fertilization rate after ICSI. However, little is known about the effect of AOA on preimplantation embryo development in cases with normal fertilization by ICSI. Here, we used ionomycin at different concentrations to activate oocytes after ICSI with normal sperm and evaluated energy metabolism and preimplantation embryo development. We found that a high concentration of ionomycin increased the frequency and amplitude of calcium oscillation patterns, affecting the balance of mitochondrial energy metabolism, leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased ATP. Eventually, it increases DNA damage and decreases blastocyst formation. In addition, the addition of vitamin C to the culture medium ameliorated the increase in ROS and DNA damage and rescued the abnormal embryo development caused by excessive ionomycin activation. This study provides a perspective that the improper application of AOA may have adverse effects on preimplantation embryo development. Thus, clinical AOA treatment should be cautiously administered.
Single-molecule live-cell imaging reveals RecB-dependent function of DNA polymerase IV in double strand break repair
Authors: Henrikus Sarah S , Henry Camille , McGrath Amy E , Jergic Slobodan , McDonald John P , Hellmich Yvonne , Bruckbauer Steven T , Ritger Matthew L , Cherry Megan E , Wood Elizabeth A , Pham Phuong T , Goodman Myron F , Woodgate Roger , Cox Michael M , van Oijen Antoine M , Ghodke Harshad , Robinson Andrew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeveral functions have been proposed for the Escherichia coli DNA polymerase IV (pol IV). Although much research has focused on a potential role for pol IV in assisting pol III replisomes in the bypass of lesions, pol IV is rarely found at the replication fork in vivo. Pol IV is expressed at increased levels in E. coli cells exposed to exogenous DNA damaging agents, including many commonly used antibiotics. Here we present live-cell single-molecule microscopy measurements indicating that double-strand breaks induced by antibiotics strongly stimulate pol IV activity. Exposure to the antibiotics ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim leads to the formation of double strand breaks in E. coli cells. RecA and pol IV foci increase after treatment and exhibit strong colocalization. The induction of the SOS response, the appearance of RecA foci, the appearance of pol IV foci and RecA-pol IV colocalization are all dependent on RecB function. The positioning of pol IV foci likely reflects a physical interaction with the RecA* nucleoprotein filaments that has been detected previously in vitro. Our observations provide an in vivo substantiation of a direct role for pol IV in double strand break repair in cells treated with double strand break-inducing antibiotics.
Interplay of RFX transcription factors 1, 2 and 3 in motile ciliogenesis
Authors: Lemeille Sylvain , Paschaki Marie , Baas Dominique , Morlé Laurette , Duteyrat Jean-Luc , Ait-Lounis Aouatef , Barras Emmanuèle , Soulavie Fabien , Jerber Julie , Thomas Joëlle , Zhang Yong , Holtzman Michael J , Kistler W Stephen , Reith Walter , Durand Bénédicte 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cilia assembly is under strict transcriptional control during animal development. In vertebrates, a hierarchy of transcription factors (TFs) are involved in controlling the specification, differentiation and function of multiciliated epithelia. RFX TFs play key functions in the control of ciliogenesis in animals. Whereas only one RFX factor regulates ciliogenesis in C. elegans, several distinct RFX factors have been implicated in this process in vertebrates. However, a clear understanding of the specific and redundant functions of different RFX factors in ciliated cells remains lacking. Using RNA-seq and ChIP-seq approaches we identified genes regulated directly and indirectly by RFX1, RFX2 and RFX3 in mouse ependymal cells. We show that these three TFs have both redundant and specific functions in ependymal cells. Whereas RFX1, RFX2 and RFX3 occupy many shared genomic loci, only RFX2 and RFX3 play a prominent and redundant function in the control of motile ciliogenesis in mice. Our results provide a valuable list of candidate ciliary genes. They also reveal stunning differences between compensatory processes operating in vivo and ex vivo.
The economics of the COVID-19 pandemic: an assessment
Authors: Susskind Daniel , Vines David 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created both a medical crisis and an economic crisis. As others have noted, we face challenges just as big as those in the Spanish Flu Pandemic and the Great Depression—all at once. The tasks facing policy-makers are extraordinary. Many new kinds of intervention are urgently required. This issue of the Oxford Review of Economic Policy has two objectives. The first is to explore these new interventions: evaluating their use, suggesting how they might be improved, and proposing alternatives. The second is to show that the challenges facing us are global and will require international cooperation if they are to be dealt with effectively. This short introductory essay positions the papers in the issue within an overall conceptual framework, with the aim of telling an overarching story about the pandemic.
Measurements of the Ca ii infrared triplet emission lines of pre-main-sequence stars
Authors: Yamashita Mai , Itoh Yoichi , Takagi Yuhei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We investigated the chromospheric activity of 60 pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars in four molecular clouds and five moving groups. It is considered that strong chromospheric activity is driven by the dynamo processes generated by stellar rotation. In contrast, several researchers have pointed out that the chromospheres of PMS stars are activated by mass accretion from their protoplanetary disks. In this study, the Ca ii infrared triplet (IRT) emission lines were investigated utilizing medium- and high-resolution spectroscopy. The observations were conducted with Nayuta/MALLS and Subaru/HDS. Additionally, archive data obtained by Keck/HIRES, VLT/UVES, and VLT/X-Shooter were used. The small ratios of the equivalent widths indicate that Ca ii IRT emission lines arise primarily in dense chromospheric regions. Seven PMS stars show broad emission lines. Among them, four PMS stars have more than one order of magnitude brighter emission line fluxes compared to the low-mass stars in young open clusters. The four PMS stars have a high mass accretion rate, which indicates that the broad and strong emission results from a large mass accretion. However, most PMS stars exhibit narrow emission lines. No significant correlation was found between the accretion rate and flux of the emission line. The ratios of the surface flux of the Ca ii IRT lines to the stellar bolometric luminosity, $R^{\prime }_{\rm IRT}$, of the PMS stars with narrow emission lines are as large as the largest $R^{\prime }_{\rm IRT}$ of the low-mass stars in the young open clusters. This result indicates that most PMS stars, even in the classical T Tauri star stage, have chromospheric activity similar to zero-age main-sequence stars.
Late-onset versus early-onset systemic lupus: characteristics and outcome in a national multicentre register (RELESSER)
Authors: Riveros Frutos Anne , Holgado Susana , Sanvisens Bergé Arantza , Casas Irma , Olivé Alejandro , López-Longo Francisco J , Calvo-Alén Jaime , Galindo María , Fernández-Nebro Antonio , Pego-Reigosa José M , Rúa-Figueroa Iñigo ,   the RELESSER Group, García-Villanueva Jesús , Ruiz-Lucea María E , Toyos-Sáenz-de-Miera Francisco J , Andréu-Sánchez José Luis , Heras Cristina Bohórquez , Cobo-Ibáñez Tatiana , Rivas Nuria Lozano , Salgado-Pérez Eva , Ruán Jesús Ibáñez , Erausquin Celia , Tomero Eva , Horcada Loreto , Uriarte Esther , Sánchez-Atrio Ana , Rosas José , Montilla Carlos , Rodríguez–Gómez Manuel , Vela Paloma , Blanco Ricardo , Freire Mercedes , Silva Lucía , Álvarez Elvira Díez , Barceló Mónica Ibáñez , Zea Antonio , Narváez Javier , Martínez-Taboada Víctor , Marenco José Luis , de Castro Mónica Fernández , Hernández-Beriain José Ángel , Gantes Marian , Hernández-Cruz Blanca , Pérez-Venegas José J , Pecondón Ángela , Marras Carlos , Carreira Patricia , Bonilla Gema , Torrente Vicente , Castellví Iván , Alegre Juan , Moreno Mireia , Raya Enrique , de la Peña Paloma García , Vázquez Tomás , Aguirre Ángeles , Quevedo Víctor 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the present study was to describe the demographic, clinical and immunological characteristics of patients with late-onset (≥50 years) SLE vs patients with early-onset SLE (&lt;50 years).

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional retrospective study of 3619 patients from the RELESSER database (National Register of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology).

Results
A total of 565 patients (15.6%) were classified as late-onset SLE and 3054 (84.4%) as early-onset SLE. The male-to-female ratio was 5:1. Mean (s.d.) age at diagnosis in the late-onset group was 57.4 (10.4) years. At diagnosis, patients with late-onset SLE had more comorbid conditions than patients with early-onset SLE; the most frequent was cardiovascular disease (P &lt;0.005). Furthermore, diagnostic delay was longer in patients with late-onset SLE [45.3 (3.1) vs 28.1 (1.0); P &lt;0.001]. Almost all patients with late-onset SLE (98.7%) were Caucasian. Compared with early-onset SLE and after adjustment for time since diagnosis, patients with late-onset SLE more frequently had serositis, major depression, thrombotic events, cardiac involvement and positive lupus anticoagulant values. They were also less frequently prescribed immunosuppressive agents. Mortality was greater in late-onset SLE (14.3% vs 4.7%; P &lt;0.001).

Conclusion
Late-onset SLE is insidious, with unusual clinical manifestations that can lead to diagnostic errors. Clinical course is generally indolent. Compared with early-onset disease, activity is generally reduced and immunosuppressants are less commonly used. Long-term prospective studies are necessary to determine whether the causes of death are associated with clinical course or with age-associated comorbidities in this population.
Evaluation of the impact of a nurse-led program of patient self-assessment and self-management in axial spondyloarthritis: results of a prospective, multicentre, randomized, controlled trial (COMEDSPA)
Authors: Molto Anna , Gossec Laure , Poiraudeau Serge , Claudepierre Pascal , Soubrier Martin , Fayet Françoise , Wendling Daniel , Gaudin Philippe , Dernis Emmanuelle , Guis Sandrine , Pouplin Sophie , Ruyssen-Witrand Adeline , Chales Gerard , Mariette Xavier , Beauvais Catherine , Combe Bernard , Flipo René-Marc , Richette Pascal , Chary-Valckenaere Isabelle , Saraux Alain , Sibilia Jean , Schaeverbeke Thierry , Dougados Maxime 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the impact of a nurse-led program of self-management and self-assessment of disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis.

Methods
Prospective, randomized, controlled, open, 12-month trial (NCT02374749). Participants were consecutive axial spondyloarthritis patients (according to the rheumatologist) and nurses having participated in a 1-day training meeting. The program included self-management: educational video and specific video of graduated, home-based exercises for patients; and self-assessment: video presenting the rationale of tight monitoring of disease activity with composite scores (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease activity Score, ASDAS/Bath Ankyslosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, BASDAI). The nurse trained patients to collect, calculate and report (monthly) ASDAS/BASDAI. Treatment allocation was by random allocation to this program or a comorbidities assessment (not presented here and considered here as the control group).

Results
A total of 502 patients (250 and 252 in the active and control groups, respectively) were enrolled (age: 46.7 (12.2) years, male gender: 62.7%, disease duration: 13.7 (11.0) years). After the one-year follow-up period, the adherence to the self-assessment program was considered good (i.e. 79% reported scores &gt;6 times). Despite a lack of statistical significance in the primary outcome (e.g. coping) there was a statistically significant difference in favor of this program for the following variables: change in BASDAI, number and duration of the home exercises in the active group, and physical activity (international physical activity score, IPAQ).

Conclusion
This study suggests a short-term benefit of a nurse-led program on self-management and self-assessment for disease activity in a young axial spondyloarthritis population in terms of disease activity, exercises and physical activity.
White Matter Microstructural Abnormalities in the Broca’s-Wernicke’s-Putamen “Hoffman Hallucination Circuit” and Auditory Transcallosal Fibers in First-Episode Psychosis With Auditory Hallucinations
Authors: Salisbury Dean F , Wang Yiming , Yeh Fang-Cheng , Coffman Brian A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundFunctional connectivity abnormalities between Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas and the putamen revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are related to auditory hallucinations (AH). In long-term schizophrenia, reduced white matter structural integrity revealed by diffusion imaging in left arcuate fasciculus (connecting Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas) is likely related to AH. The structural integrity of connections with putamen and their relation to AH are unknown. Little is known about this relationship in first-episode psychosis (FEP), although auditory transcallosal connections were reported to play a role. White matter in the Broca’s-Wernicke’s-putamen language-related circuit and auditory transcallosal fibers was examined to investigate associations with AH in FEP.MethodsWhite matter connectivity was measured in 40 FEP and 32 matched HC using generalized fractional anisotropy (gFA) derived from diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI).ResultsFEP and HC did not differ in gFA in any fiber bundle. In FEP, AH severity was significantly inversely related to gFA in auditory transcallosal fibers and left arcuate fasciculus. Although the right hemisphere arcuate fasciculus-AH association did not attain significance, the left and right arcuate fasciculus associations were not significantly different.ConclusionsDespite overall normal gFA in FEP, AH severity was significantly related to gFA in transcallosal auditory fibers and the left hemisphere connection between Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas. Other bilateral tracts’ gFA were weakly associated with AH. At the first psychotic episode, AH are more robustly associated with left hemisphere arcuate fasciculus and interhemispheric auditory fibers microstructural deficits, likely reflecting mistiming of information flow between language-related cortical centers.
Radial oxygen loss is correlated with nitrogen nutrition in mangroves
Authors: Cheng Hao , Liu Yong , Jiang Zhao-Yu , Wang You-Shao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to explore the possible functions of radial oxygen loss (ROL) on mangrove nutrition. A field survey was conducted to explore the relations among ROL, root anatomy and leaf N in different mangrove species along a continuous tidal gradient. Three mangroves with different ROL (Avicennia marina [A. marina], Kandelia obovata and Rhizophora stylosa) were then selected to further explore the dynamics of N at the root-soil interface. The results showed that seaward pioneer mangrove species such as A. marina appeared to exhibit higher leaf N despite growing under poorer nutrient conditions. Greater leaf N in pioneer mangroves coincided with their special root structure (e.g., high porosity together with a thin lignified/suberized exodermis) and powerful ROL. An interesting positive relation was observed between ROL and leaf N in mangroves. Moreover, rhizo-box data further showed that soil nitrification was also strongly correlated with ROL. A. marina, which had the highest ROL among the three mangrove species studied, consistently possessed the highest levels of NO3−, nitrification and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea gene copies in the rhizosphere. Besides, both NO3− and NH4+ influxes were found to be higher in the roots of A. marina when compared to those of K. obovata and R. stylosa. In summary, greater N acquisition by pioneer mangroves such as A. marina was strongly correlated with ROL which would regulate N transformation and translocation at the root-soil interface. The implications of this study may be significant in mangrove nutrition and the mechanisms involved in mangrove zonation.