bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airports and environmental sustainability: a comprehensive review
Authors: Greer Fiona , Rakas Jasenka , Horvath Arpad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Over 2500 airports worldwide provide critical infrastructure that supports 4 billion annual passengers. To meet changes in capacity and post-COVID-19 passenger processing, airport infrastructure such as terminal buildings, airfields, and ground service equipment require substantial upgrades. Aviation accounts for 2.5% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but that estimate excludes airport construction and operation. Metrics that assess an airport’s sustainability, in addition to environmental impacts that are sometimes unaccounted for (e.g. water consumption), are necessary for a more complete environmental accounting of the entire aviation sector. This review synthesizes the current state of environmental sustainability metrics and methods (e.g. life-cycle assessment, Scope GHG emissions) for airports as identified in 108 peer-reviewed journal articles and technical reports. Articles are grouped according to six categories (Energy and Atmosphere, Comfort and Health, Water and Wastewater, Site and Habitat, Material and Resources, Multidimensional) of an existing airport sustainability assessment framework. A case study application of the framework is evaluated for its efficacy in yielding performance objectives. Research interest in airport environmental sustainability is steadily increasing, but there is ample need for more systematic assessment that accounts for a variety of emissions and regional variation. Prominent research themes include analyzing the GHG emissions from airfield pavements and energy management strategies for airport buildings. Research on water conservation, climate change resilience, and waste management is more limited, indicating that airport environmental accounting requires more analysis. A disconnect exists between research efforts and practices implemented by airports. Effective practices such as sourcing low-emission electricity and electrifying ground transportation and gate equipment can in the short term aid airports in moving towards sustainability goals. Future research must emphasize stakeholder involvement, life-cycle assessment, linking environmental impacts with operational outcomes, and global challenges (e.g. resilience, climate change adaptation, mitigation of infectious diseases).
A gridded inventory of anthropogenic methane emissions from Mexico based on Mexico’s national inventory of greenhouse gases and compounds
Authors: Scarpelli Tia R , Jacob Daniel J , Octaviano Villasana Claudia A , Ramírez Hernández Irma F , Cárdenas Moreno Paulina R , Cortés Alfaro Eunice A , García García Miguel Á , Zavala-Araiza Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present a gridded inventory of Mexico’s anthropogenic methane emissions for 2015 with 0.1° × 0.1° resolution (≈10 × 10 km2) and detailed sectoral breakdown. The inventory is constructed by spatially allocating national emission estimates from the National Inventory of Greenhouse Gases and Compounds constructed by the Instituto Nacional de Ecología y Cambio Climático (INECC). We provide additional breakdown for oil/gas emissions. Spatial allocation is done using an ensemble of national datasets for methane-emitting activities resolving individual municipalities and point sources. We find that emissions are highest in central Mexico and along the east coast, with substantial spatial overlap between major emission sectors (livestock, fugitive emissions from fuels, solid waste, and wastewater). Offshore oil/gas activities, primarily oil production, account for 51% of national oil/gas emissions. We identify 16 hotspots on the 0.1° × 0.1° grid with individual emissions higher than 20 Gg a−1 (2.3 tons h−1) including large landfills, offshore oil production, coal mines in northern Mexico, a gas processing complex, and a cattle processing facility. We find large differences between our inventory and previous gridded emission inventories for Mexico, in particular EDGAR v5, reflecting our use of more detailed geospatial databases. Although uncertainties in methane emissions remain large, the spatially explicit emissions presented here can provide the basis for inversions of atmospheric methane observations to guide improvements in the national inventory. Gridded inventory files are openly available at (https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/5FUTWM).
Changes in volatile organic compounds provoked by lipopolysaccharide- or alpha toxin-induced inflammation in ventilated rats
Authors: Lorenz Dominik , Maurer Felix , Philipp Dietmar , Albrecht Fréderic , Hüppe Tobias , Sessler Daniel I , Wolf Beate , Volk Thomas , Kreuer Sascha , Fink Tobias 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Inflammation may alter volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. We therefore used ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) to evaluate exhaled breath components in two non-infectious inflammatory models.
Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized and ventilated for 24 h. Five treatments were randomly assigned: (1) lipopolysaccharide low dose [5 mg/kg]; (2) lipopolysaccharide high dose [10 mg/kg]; (3) alpha toxin low dose [40 µg/kg]; (4) alpha toxin high dose [80 µg/kg]; and, (5) NaCl 0.9% as control group. Gas was sampled from the expiratory line of the ventilator every 20 min and analyzed with IMS combined with a multi-capillary column. VOCs were identified by comparison with an established database. Survival analysis was performed by log-rank test, other analyses by one-way or paired ANOVA-tests and post-hoc analysis according to Holm–Sidak.
Rats given NaCl and low-dose alpha toxin survived 24 h. The median survival time in alpha toxin high-dose group was 23 (95%-confidence interval (CI): 21, 24) h. In contrast, the median survival time in rats given high-dose lipopolysaccharide was 12 (95% CI: 9, 14) and only 13 (95% CI: 10, 16) h in those given high-dose lipopolysaccharide. 73 different VOCs were detected, of which 35 were observed only in the rats, 38 could be found both in the blank measurements of ventilator air and in the exhaled air of the rats. Forty-nine of the VOCs were identifiable from a registry of compounds. Exhaled volatile compounds were comparable in each group before injection of lipopolysaccharide and alpha toxin. In the LPS groups, 1-pentanol increased and 2-propanol decreased. After alpha toxin treatment, 1-butanol and 1-pentanol increased whereas butanal and isopropylamine decreased.
Induction of a non-infectious systemic inflammation (niSI) by lipopolysaccharide and alpha toxin changes VOCs in exhaled breath. Exhalome analysis may help identify niSI.
C. aromaticus leaf extract mediated synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity towards clinically multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from pneumonia patients in nursing care
Authors: Hou Yan , Hou Yong , Ren Yan , Shi Yan , Jin Xiaoping , Dong Yuanling , Zhang Haixian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Current study examined the potential of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) fabricated using the Caryophyllus aromaticus (C. aromaticus) leaf extract to inhibit multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Analytical results confirmed the stable ZnO-NPs fabrication with mean particle size of about 18 nm. Zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) findings proved the ZnO-NPs capping with polyphenols of phyto-extract. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies displayed the synthesized ZnO-NPs crystalline nature. The findings revealed that ZnO-NPs fabricated by leaf extract of C. aromaticus induced-bacterial cell-death, triggered DNA condensation of MDR A. baumannii and showed an obvious effect on the production of biofilm, cells grown in biofilm, microbial cell attachment as well as invading human lung cells depending on the concentration. The ZnO-NPs fabricated using C. aromaticus plant leaf extract did not show any obvious effect on the human lung cell viability. Furthermore, approximately 90% MDR A. baumannii infection was inhibited by the fabricated ZnO-NPs without cytotoxic effect at 0.028 μg ml−1 EC50. Thus, fabricated ZnO-NPs were considered as potent anti-MDR A. baumannii agent for efficient therapy and further lead to advancement of various efficient biomedical applications in nursing care.
Upper bounds for relative entropy of entanglement based on active learning
Authors: Hou Shi-Yao , Cao Chenfeng , Zhou D L , Zeng Bei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Quantifying entanglement for multipartite quantum state is a crucial task in many aspects of quantum information theory. Among all the entanglement measures, relative entropy of entanglement E
R is an outstanding quantity due to its clear geometric meaning, easy compatibility with different system sizes, and various applications in many other related quantity calculations. Lower bounds of E
R were previously found based on distance to the set of positive partial transpose states. We propose a method to calculate upper bounds of E
R based on active learning, a subfield in machine learning, to generate an approximation of the set of separable states. We apply our method to calculate E
R for composite systems of various sizes, and compare with the previous known lower bounds, obtaining promising results. Our method adds a reliable tool for entanglement measure calculation and deepens our understanding for the structure of separable states.
Do Case-Control Studies Always Estimate Odds Ratios?
Authors: Labrecque Jeremy A , Hunink Myriam M G , Ikram M Arfan , Ikram M Kamran 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Case-control studies are an important part of the epidemiologic literature, yet confusion remains about how to interpret estimates from different case-control study designs. We demonstrate that not all case-control study designs estimate odds ratios. On the contrary, case-control studies in the literature often report odds ratios as their main parameter even when using designs that do not estimate odds ratios. Only studies using specific case-control designs should report odds ratios, whereas the case-cohort and incidence-density sampled case-control studies must report risk ratio and incidence rate ratios, respectively. This also applies to case-control studies conducted in open cohorts, which often estimate incidence rate ratios. We also demonstrate the misinterpretation of case-control study estimates in a small sample of highly cited case-control studies in general epidemiologic and medical journals. We therefore suggest that greater care be taken when considering which parameter is to be reported from a case-control study.
EpiDope: a deep neural network for linear B-cell epitope prediction
Authors: Collatz Maximilian , Mock Florian , Barth Emanuel , Hölzer Martin , Sachse Konrad , Marz Manja 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Motivation
By binding to specific structures on antigenic proteins, the so-called epitopes, B-cell antibodies can neutralize pathogens. The identification of B-cell epitopes is of great value for the development of specific serodiagnostic assays and the optimization of medical therapy. However, identifying diagnostically or therapeutically relevant epitopes is a challenging task that usually involves extensive laboratory work. In this study, we show that the time, cost and labor-intensive process of epitope detection in the lab can be significantly reduced using in silico prediction.

Results
Here, we present EpiDope, a python tool which uses a deep neural network to detect linear B-cell epitope regions on individual protein sequences. With an area under the curve between 0.67 ± 0.07 in the receiver operating characteristic curve, EpiDope exceeds all other currently used linear B-cell epitope prediction tools. Our software is shown to reliably predict linear B-cell epitopes of a given protein sequence, thus contributing to a significant reduction of laboratory experiments and costs required for the conventional approach.

Availabilityand implementation
EpiDope is available on GitHub (http://github.com/mcollatz/EpiDope).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Incorporating prior knowledge into regularized regression
Authors: Zeng Chubing , Thomas Duncan Campbell , Lewinger Juan Pablo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMotivationAssociated with genomic features like gene expression, methylation and genotypes, used in statistical modeling of health outcomes, there is a rich set of meta-features like functional annotations, pathway information and knowledge from previous studies, that can be used post hoc to facilitate the interpretation of a model. However, using this meta-feature information a priori rather than post hoc can yield improved prediction performance as well as enhanced model interpretation.ResultsWe propose a new penalized regression approach that allows a priori integration of external meta-features. The method extends LASSO regression by incorporating individualized penalty parameters for each regression coefficient. The penalty parameters are, in turn, modeled as a log-linear function of the meta-features and are estimated from the data using an approximate empirical Bayes approach. Optimization of the marginal likelihood on which the empirical Bayes estimation is performed using a fast and stable majorization–minimization procedure. Through simulations, we show that the proposed regression with individualized penalties can outperform the standard LASSO in terms of both parameters estimation and prediction performance when the external data is informative. We further demonstrate our approach with applications to gene expression studies of bone density and breast cancer.Availability and implementationThe methods have been implemented in the R package xtune freely available for download from https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/xtune/index.html.
Social Work in the Digital Era: Theoretical, Ethical and Practical Considerations
Authors: Steiner Olivier 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Social work, its fields of practice, institutions, professionals and client groups are affected by the digital transformations taking place across society in many ways. In different fields of practice, digitalisation opens up new potentials, but also poses challenges and problems. To date, theoretical approaches and ethical principles for social work, which should lay the foundations for professional concepts and action, have only marginally addressed the digital era. Robust theoretical and ethical foundations should make it possible to position social work in relation to accelerated technological development. In the following article, different theoretical approaches will be discussed in a comparative way and proposals for the theoretical understanding of digital transformation in social work will be made. Building on this, ethical substantiations for the integration of digital technologies into social work will be presented along the lines of Hans Jonas' theory of responsibility. Finally, conclusions for the innovation, implementation and use of digital media in social work will be discussed.
Developing the Child Protection Workforce: Collaborative Development of Somalia’s Certificate, Diploma and Bachelor Degrees in Social Work
Authors: Sloan Lacey , Ross Brendan , Rotabi Karen S , Barise Abdullahi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to decades of conflict and instability, mechanisms for child protection in Somalia are limited. One key activity of the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund’s (UNICEF) strategy to address structural gaps in capacity to implement an effective child protection system is to establish a network of social work schools throughout Somalia. To this end, UNICEF brought together experts in social work curriculum development in Islamic countries, social work faculty and administrators from six Somali universities, government social work staff and ministers, and staff from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and international non-governmental organizations (INGOs). To identify the knowledge, values and skills needed for the local context, interviews and focus groups were conducted in Hargeisa and Mogadishu with many of the stakeholders noted above. These stakeholders also came together for two, four-day gatherings to design and approve the curricula developed by two social work curriculum development experts. The final result was a one-year certificate in social work, a two-year diploma in social work and a Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) degree. This article describes the highly participatory and collaborative process used to create social work curricula that would meet workforce development needs for child protection in Somalia.
Ozone injection therapy for intervertebral disc herniation
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Maffulli Nicola , Eschweiler Jörg , Bestch Marcel , Tingart Markus , Baroncini Alice 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionLumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common cause of low back pain (LBP). Recently, in the setting of LBP caused by LDH, a growing interest in ozone therapies has been observed.Source of dataRecent published literatures.Areas of agreementBeing low back pain more common in the elderlies, exploring conservative alternatives to the surgical intervention is of especial interest.Areas of controversyEfficacy and feasibility of ozone injections for LDH is debated. Several clinical studies showed controversial results, and the true benefit has not yet been clarified.Growing pointsSystematically summarize current evidences, analyze the quantitative available data and investigate the role of percutaneous ozone therapy for LDH.Areas timely for developing researchCurrent evidence encourage the use of ozone therapy for LBP from LDH. These conclusions should be interpret in light of the limitations of the present study.
Carcinogenesis and lung cancer: 70 years of progress and more to come
Authors: Samet Jonathan M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This commentary celebrates the 40th year of Carcinogenesis, spanning 1980–2020 with a focus on lung cancer. For lung cancer, these 40 years come toward the end of a century of scientific inquiry that began with descriptions of this highly fatal malignancy and that closes with emphasis on molecular processes and genomics. This commentary gives a historical perspective of lung cancer research as well as a look into the questions that remain to be addressed. Over the 20th century and into the first two decades of the 21st, a series of issues have more or less sequentially been the focus of epidemiological investigation of lung cancer, as questions have been answered and methodologies have evolved. These questions began with whether an epidemic was occurring and continue now with exploration of causal mechanisms and molecular risk predictors. With tobacco smoking firmly established decades ago as a cause of lung cancer, the evidence has long been sufficient to motivate tobacco prevention and control. There is unfinished business as tobacco smoking remains widespread and the industry continues to market new, addicting, products.
Swab-yourself Trial With Economic Monitoring and Testing for Infections Collectively (SYSTEMATIC): Part 1. A Diagnostic Accuracy and Cost-effectiveness Study Comparing Clinician-taken vs Self-taken Rectal and Pharyngeal Samples for the Diagnosis of Gonorrhea and Chlamydia
Authors: Wilson Janet D , Wallace Harriet E , Loftus-Keeling Michelle , Ward Helen , Davies Bethan , Vargas-Palacios Armando , Hulme Claire , Wilcox Mark H 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Urogenital testing misses extragenital Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). Extragenital self-sampling is frequently undertaken despite no robust randomized, controlled trial evidence of efficacy. We compared clinician-taken rectal and pharyngeal samples with self-taken samples for diagnostic accuracy and cost in men who have sex with men (MSM) and in females.

Methods
This was a prospective convenience sample from a UK sexual health clinic. We randomized the order of clinician- and self-taken samples from the pharynx and rectum, plus first catch urine (MSM) and vulvovaginal swabs (females), for NG/CT detection.

Results
Of 1793 participants (1284 females, 509 MSM), 116 had NG detected (75 urogenital, 83 rectum, 72 pharynx); 9.4% infected females and 67.3% MSM were urogenital-negative. A total of 276 had CT detected (217 urogenital, 249 rectum, 63 pharynx); 13.1% infected females and 71.8% MSM were urogenital-negative. Sexual history did not identify those with rectal infections. There was no difference in diagnostic accuracy between clinician- and self-taken samples from the rectum or pharynx. Clinicians took swabs more quickly than participants, so costs were lower. However, in asymptomatic people, nonqualified clinicians would oversee self-swabbing making these costs lower.

Conclusions
There was no difference in the diagnostic accuracy of clinician-taken compared with self-taken extragenital samples. Sexual history did not identify those with rectal infections, so individuals should have extragenital clinician- or self-taken samples. Clinician-taken swabs cost less than self-taken swabs; however, in asymptomatic people or those who perform home testing, the costs would be lower than for clinician-taken swabs.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02371109.
Increased Body Mass Index and Type 2 Diabetes Are the Main Predictors of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Advanced Fibrosis in Liver Biopsies of Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Monoinfection
Authors: Maurice James B , Goldin Robert , Hall Andrew , Price Jennifer C , Sebastiani Giada , Morse Caryn G , Prat Laura Iogna , Perazzo Hugo , Garvey Lucy , Ingiliz Patrick , Guaraldi Giovanni , Tsochatzis Emmanouil , Lemoine Maud 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Liver disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), of which nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly recognized cause. There are limited data investigating NAFLD in HIV monoinfection and histologically defined disease. We aimed to identify who is at risk of fibrosis, NAFLD, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) among PLWH and explore the diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive markers of fibrosis.

Methods
This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, international, multicenter study including patients with HIV monoinfection, without chronic viral hepatitis or other known causes of chronic liver disease, who underwent liver biopsy for abnormal liver biochemistry and/or clinical suspicion of liver fibrosis.

Results
A total of 116 patients from 5 centers were included. Sixty-three (54%) had NAFLD, of whom 57 (92%) had NASH. Overall, 36 (31%) had advanced fibrosis (≥F3) and 3 (3%) had cirrhosis. Of the 53 cases without NAFLD, 15 (28%) had advanced fibrosis. Collagen proportionate area was similar between cases with and without NAFLD (3% vs 2%). Body mass index was independently associated with NAFLD (aOR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.08–1.34), and type 2 diabetes was independently associated with advanced fibrosis (aOR, 3.42; 95% CI, 1.00–11.71). The area under the curve for advanced fibrosis was 0.65 and 0.66 for both NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS) and FIB-4. Cutoff values of −1.455 (NFS) and 1.3 (FIB-4) have negative-predictive values of 0.80 and 0.82, respectively.

Conclusions
Advanced fibrosis is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes in PLWH. Serological markers require further optimization.