bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing students’ experience of the mental health setting as a clinical learning environment: Findings from a national study
Authors: Gonella Silvia , Brugnolli Anna , Randon Giulia , Canzan Federica , Saiani Luisa , Destrebecq Anne , Terzoni Stefano , Zannini Lucia , Mansutti Irene , Dimonte Valerio , Palese Alvisa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo explore nursing students’ perceptions of their clinical learning experiences in the mental health (MH) setting.Design and MethodsSecondary analysis of data collected within an Italian national cross‐sectional study involving students (N = 9607) who were attending 95 3‐year baccalaureate nursing programs.FindingsStudents in MH settings scored the quality of the learning environment overall significantly higher (P = .008) compared to those who rotated in other clinical settings, specifically with respect to (a) the tutorial strategies’ quality; (b) the learning opportunities; and (c) the learning environment's quality.Practice ImplicationsMH settings emerged as a worthy clinical environment where less pressing rhythms allow preceptors to provide students more learning opportunities that, in turn, affect the perceived degree of competence achieved and the desire to work in these contexts after graduation.
Geological and Geophysical Studies of Sulfide Copper Mineralization in the Dochileh Area: An Example of Manto‐Type Deposit in the Sabzevar Zone, Iran
Authors: Ebrahimi Susan , Arab‐Amiri Alireza , Kamkar‐Rouhani Abolghasem 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Dochileh stratiform copper deposit in the Sabzevar Zone of northeastern Iran is hosted in the basaltic sequence of the Upper Eocene age. The host rock displays two hydrothermal events: zeolite–carbonate alteration that is a stratigraphic–lithologic feature and chlorite and chlorite/ferruginous alterations in the local mineralized structures. Ore formation is related to both hydrothermal events and occurs in both stratiform and vein mineralization types. Mineralization consists of main chalcocite with variable amounts of bornite, chalcopyrite, native copper, malachite, and cuprite minerals, which occur as hydrothermal breccias, and disseminated, vein, and veinlet forms. Geophysical field studies using resistivity and induction polarization (IP) methods were conducted along nine survey lines in the area. As a result of modeling and interpretation of the acquired geophysical data, high values of IP and resistivity corresponding to mineralization were observed at two depth levels: 0–20 m and more than 40 m. Based on these geological and geophysical investigations, six locations for drilling exploration boreholes were proposed. Drilling data confirmed the mineralization containing high copper values in the two depth levels: the vein‐type mineralization in the surface and shallow depth level, and the stratiform mineralization at the deeper level. Fluid inclusion studies in calcite and quartz from stratiform‐ and vein‐type mineralization show the evidence of mixing, and a linear dilution trend during the ore formation occurred at a wide range of temperatures: 121–308°C and 80–284°C, respectively, and varying salinities of between 3.2–16.8 and 0.8–22 wt% NaCl equivalents. The stable isotope composition of δ34S that falls in a range of −2.4 to +25.0‰ could be considered biogenetic sulfur from bacterial sulfate reduction and leaching of sulfur from hosting basalt. The δ13C values of calcite vary between −0.6 and −7.6‰, suggesting a major contribution of marine carbonates associated with igneous carbonates, and the δ18OSMOW values of calcite are between +15.2 and +19.9‰, suggesting a contribution of δ18O‐rich sedimentary rocks and δ18O‐poor meteoric water. Copper and sulfide‐rich hydrothermal fluid have flowed upward through the local faults and permeable interbeds within the Eocene volcanic sequence and have formed the mineralized veins and horizons. The geophysical results have detected the local faults as the channel ways for mineralization.
How to Achieve Tax Compliance by the Wealthy: A Review of the Literature and Agenda for Policy
Authors: Gangl Katharina , Torgler Benno 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTax compliance by the wealthy is relevant not only because their contributions are essential to maintain public budgets and social equality, but because their (non)compliance behavior and the perceived (un)fairness of their contributions can fuel social unrest. In this article, after giving a brief history of taxing the wealthy, we review the existing theoretical, empirical, and policy literature on their tax compliance. We discuss how and why the wealthy differ from less affluent taxpayers because of specific interrelated political, social, and psychological conditions. Understanding the psychological mechanisms that determine the tax compliance of the wealthy can provide policy insights on how to better integrate the wealthy in the tax system. Therefore, the present review is also a starting point for new policy approaches to increase tax compliance and tax morale among the wealthy.
Chitosan‐calcium alginate dressing promotes wound healing: A preliminary study
Authors: Zhao Wan‐Yi , Fang Qing‐Qing , Wang Xiao‐Feng , Wang Xiao‐Wei , Zhang Tao , Shi Bang‐Hui , Zheng Bin , Zhang Ding‐Ding , Hu Yan‐Yan , Ma Lie , Tan Wei‐Qiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDressings are necessary during the process of wound healing. Since the early 1980s, several types of wound dressings have been produced, but they cannot always take into account some effects include antibacterial effect, wound healing promotion, and other properties. In this study, we would like to develop an effective dressing with the above properties, especially accelerating wound healing effect. A chitosan‐calcium alginate dressing (CCAD) was developed by coating mixture of chitosan with high‐low molecular weight on calcium alginate dressing (CAD). We investigated the structural characteristics of CCAD with Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electron microscopy. The cytotoxicity and antibacterial property were evaluated in vitro using CCK‐8 and inhibition zone method. Moisture retention was tested on the skin of Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats, and wound healing studies were performed on a full‐thickness skin wound model in SD rats. CCAD showed good moisturizing and antibacterial properties with no cytotoxicity. CCAD could inhibit inflammation by decreasing IL‐6, and it could also promote angiogenesis by increasing VEGF, resulting in better wound healing than CAD. CCAD is a better choice in wound care due to its antibacterial property, biocompatibility, moisture retention, healing promotion, and non‐cytotoxicity characteristics.
Whole‐genome sequencing reveals resistome of highly drug‐resistant retail meat and human Salmonella Dublin
Authors: Eyler Andrea B. , M'ikanatha Nkuchia M. , Xiaoli Lingzi , Dudley Edward G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNon‐typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are a significant source of foodborne illness worldwide, with disease symptoms most often presenting as self‐limiting gastroenteritis; however, occasionally the infection spreads and becomes invasive, frequently requiring anti‐microbial treatment. The cattle‐adapted Dublin serovar of NTS has commonly been associated with invasive illness and anti‐microbial resistance (AMR). Here, the enhanced resolution conferred by whole‐genome sequencing was utilized to elucidate and compare the resistome and genetic relatedness of 14 multidrug‐resistant (MDR) and one pan‐susceptible S. Dublin, isolated primarily in Pennsylvania, from fresh retail meat (one isolate) and humans (14 isolates). Twelve different genetic AMR determinants, including both acquired and chromosomal, were identified. Furthermore, comparative plasmid analysis indicated that AMR was primarily conferred by a putative IncA/C2 plasmid. A single pan‐susceptible S. Dublin isolate, collected from the same timeframe and geographical region as the MDR isolates, did not carry an IncA/C2 replicon sequence within its genome. Moreover, the pan‐susceptible isolate was genetically distinct from its MDR counterparts, as it was separated by ≥267 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), whereas there was a ≤38 SNP distance between the MDR isolates. Collectively, this data set advances our understanding of the genetic basis of the highly drug‐resistant nature of S. Dublin, a serovar with significant public health implications.
Annual Performance Evaluation of Evacuated Tube Solar Air Collector With Phase Change Material
Authors: Mehla Neeraj , Kumar Manoj , Yadav Avadhesh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This manuscript has been presented to evaluate the annual performance of evacuated tube solar air collector (ETSAC) by using phase change material (PCM). The PCM (acetamide) simultaneously stores and exchange the heat to the air amid day hours. The heat stored by the PCM has been used to deliver hot air amid night hours. The performance of the system has been analyzed with a circular fin configuration along with reflectors at 0.035 kg/s air flowrate for 12 typical days. The performance of the system has been found excellent in the month of July. The maximum average temperature of PCM has been found to be as 87.8 °C and the maximum average collector efficiency as 31.4%.
Innovatively Arranged Curved-Ribbed Solar-Assisted Air Heater: Performance and Correlation Development for Heat and Flow Characteristics
Authors: Kumar Rajneesh , Kashyap Abhishek Singh , Singh Paramvir , Goel Varun , Kumar Khushmeet 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Solar radiation is a rich and clean source of energy. It can be collected and converted to thermal energy with the help of flat plate collectors called the solar-assisted air heater. Because of the low coefficient of heat transfer of air, the solar-assisted air heater has low thermal performance which can be improved by creating local turbulence using surface roughness on the heat transferring plate. The present investigation has been conducted to perceive the influence of the curved-ribbed element with gap on flow and heat transfer. The roughness element is defined by using five non-dimensionlized parameters, i.e., relative roughness width (W/w), relative roughness pitch (P/e), relative gap width (g/e), relative roughness height (e/D), and relative gap distance (d/x). The radius of the curvature of the curved rib-element is kept constant and the experimental measurements were done under quasi-steady state. The thermohydraulic performance parameter improved by 3.61 times the smooth flat plate solar air heater (SAH), in curved-ribbed SAH for W/w = 3, P/e = 8, g/e = 1, e/D = 0.045, and d/x = 0.65 at Reynolds number of 23,000. The generalized relation for heat transfer and flow characteristics is also being developed and the predicted Nusselt number and friction factor with the accuracy of ± 7.5% and ± 6.7%, respectively.
Determination of Dynamic Dispersion Coefficient for Solid Particles Flowing in a Fracture With Consideration of Gravity Effect
Authors: Ding Yanan , Meng Xiaoyan , Yang Daoyong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A robust and pragmatic method has been developed and validated to analytically determine dynamic dispersion coefficients for particles flowing in a parallel-plate fracture, in which gravity settling has been considered due to its significant impact on particle flowing behavior. More specifically, a two-dimensional (2D) advection–diffusion equation together with the initial and boundary conditions has been formulated to describe the flow behavior of finite-sized particles on the basis of coupling the Poiseuille flow with vertical settling. Meanwhile, three types of instantaneous source conditions (i.e., point source, uniform line source, and volumetric line source) have been considered. Explicit expressions, which can directly and time-efficiently calculate dynamic dispersion coefficient, have been derived through the moment analysis and the Green’s function method. By performing the simulation based on the random walk particle tracking (RWPT) algorithm, the newly developed model has been verified to determine particle dispersion coefficients agreeing well with those obtained from the RWPT simulations. It is found that the point source is the most sensitive to gravity effect among different source conditions, while the volumetric line source is affected more than the uniform line source. For particle size larger than its critical value, an increased particle size leads to a decreased asymptotical dispersion coefficient for all the source conditions due to the significant gravity effect, while gravity positively affects the dispersion coefficient at early times for the point source condition. In addition, average flow velocity positively affects the dispersion coefficient for all the source conditions, while the associated gravity effect is influenced only at early times for the point source condition.
Understanding the Inclusiveness of Integrated Physical Education From the Perspectives of Adults With Visual Impairments
Authors: Haegele Justin A. , Hodge Samuel R. , Zhu Xihe , Holland Steven K. , Wilson Wesley J. 
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the perspectives of individuals with visual impairment toward inclusion and the inclusiveness of their integrated physical education experiences. A retrospective, qualitative-description research approach was used, and 10 adults (age 20–35 years) with visual impairments acted as the participants. The data sources included one-on-one telephone interviews and reflective interview notes. A theoretical thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data. Three interrelated themes were identified: “I always felt like a misfit”: a missing sense of belonging, acceptance, and value; “I felt very excluded, very pushed to the side”: lack of access to activity participation; and “Even though it sucked, I do agree with it”: preference for integrated settings. Collectively, the participants recalled that experiencing feelings of inclusion during physical education were rare. Despite this, they expressed a perceived importance of being integrated in contexts with their peers.
Faecal volatile organic compounds in preterm babies at risk of necrotising enterocolitis: the DOVE study
Authors: Probert Chris , Greenwood Rosemary , Mayor Arno , Hughes David , Aggio Raphael , Jackson Rachel Elizabeth , Simcox Liz , Barrow Heather , García-Finana Marta , Ewer Andrew K 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundEarly diagnosis of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) may improve prognosis but there are no proven biomarkers.ObjectiveTo investigate changes in faecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as potential biomarkers for NEC.DesignMulticentre prospective study.Settings8 UK neonatal units.PatientsPreterm infants <34 weeks gestation.MethodsDaily faecal samples were collected prospectively from 1326 babies of whom 49 subsequently developed definite NEC. Faecal samples from 32 NEC cases were compared with samples from frequency-matched controls without NEC. Headspace, solid phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was performed and VOCs identified from reference libraries. VOC samples from cases and controls were compared using both discriminant and factor analysis methods.ResultsVOCs were found to cluster into nine groups (factors), three were associated with NEC and indicated the possibility of disease up to 3–4 days before the clinical diagnosis was established. For one factor, a 1 SD increase increased the odds of developing NEC by 1.6 times; a similar decrease of the two other factors was associated with a reduced risk (OR 0.5 or 0.7, respectively). Discriminant analyses identified five individual VOCs, which are associated with NEC in babies at risk, each with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.75–0.76, up to 4 days before the clinical diagnosis was made.ConclusionsFaecal VOCs are altered in preterm infants with NEC. These data are currently insufficient to enable reliable cotside detection of babies at risk of developing NEC and further work is needed investigate the role of VOCs in clarifying the aetiology of NEC.
Concordance of chronic conditions among the household members in Shanghai: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Qin Yingyi , Guo Yibin , Tang Yuanjun , Wu Cheng , Zhang Xinji , He Qian , He Jia 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesMembers living in the same household tend to share some similar behaviours and environment. We want to quantitatively assess the associations of chronic conditions to investigate the concordance of disease status among the household members.SettingShanghai, China.ParticipantsOur data were from the fifth Health Service Survey in Shanghai in 2013. 12 002 households with 31 531 residents were selected in this survey by using a three-stage, stratified, random sampling method.Outcome measuresFive highly prevalent chronic conditions, namely hypertension, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and obesity were chosen. The generalised estimating equations (GEE) model was used to estimate the associations adjusted for age, gender, education status, health insurance status, smoking and drinking. Using a subsample of adult children with parents’ chronic conditions as the key risk factor and a subsample of wives with the chronic conditions of the husband as key risk factor, we reran our GEE models to explore chronic condition concordance within these relationships.ResultsA total of 10 198 households with 27 010 adult participants were included. Using all adult household members, we found positive statistically significant associations between one’s chronic conditions and the same disease status of their household members (hypertension (OR=3.26, 95% CI 3.02 to 3.52); diabetes (OR=1.68, 95% CI 1.40 to 2.01); IHD (OR=5.31, 95% CI 3.56 to 7.92); CVD (OR=3.40, 95% CI 1.99 to 5.80); obesity (OR=3.41, 95% CI 2.34 to 4.96)). The results of analysing ad-child subsample and spouse subsample also showed similar associations. Moreover, the potential concordance of different chronic conditions was found between hypertension and diabetes.ConclusionsWe found chronic condition concordance within households. This study provides evidence that the chronic conditions of other members of a household may be a significant risk factor for a household member’s own health.
The 20 m shuttle run is not a valid test of cardiorespiratory fitness in boys aged 11–14 years
Authors: Welsman Jo , Armstrong Neil 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesThe 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT) is used to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) through the prediction of peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2), but its validity as a measure of CRF during childhood and adolescence is questionable. This study examined the validity of the 20mSRT to predict peakV˙O2.MethodsPeakV˙O2was measured during treadmill running. Log-linear regression was used to correct peakV˙O2for body mass and sum of skinfolds plus age. Boys completed the 20mSRT under standardised conditions. Maximum speed (km/h) was used with age to predict peakV˙O2using the equation developed by Légeret al. Validity was examined from linear regression methods and limits of agreement (LoA). Relationships between 20mSRT performance and allometrically adjusted peakV˙O2, and predicted per cent fat were examined.ResultsThe sample comprised 76 boys aged 11–14 years. Predicted and measured mass-related peakV˙O2(mL/kg/min) shared common variance of 32%. LoA revealed that measured peakV˙O2ranged from 15% below to 25% above predicted peakV˙O2. There were no significant relationships (p>0.05) between predicted peakV˙O2and measured peakV˙O2adjusted for mass, age and skinfold thicknesses. Adjusted for body mass and age, peakV˙O2was not significantly related (p>0.05) to 20mSRT final speed but a weak, statistically significant (r=0.24, p<0.05) relationship was found with peakV˙O2adjusted for mass and fatness. Predicted per cent fat was negatively correlated with 20mSRT speed (r=−0.61, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe 20mSRT reflects fatness rather than CRF and has poor validity grounded in its flawed estimation and interpretation of peakV˙O2in mL/kg/min.
Regional spreading of symptoms at diagnosis as a prognostic marker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population-based study
Authors: Manera Umberto , Calvo Andrea , Daviddi Margherita , Canosa Antonio , Vasta Rosario , Torrieri Maria Claudia , Grassano Maurizio , Brunetti Maura , D'Alfonso Sandra , Corrado Lucia , De Marchi Fabiola , Moglia Cristina , D'Ovidio Fabrizio , Mora Gabriele , Mazzini Letizia , Chiò Adriano 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveThe lack of prognostic biomarkers in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) induced researchers to develop clinical evaluation tools for stratification and survival prediction. We assessed the correlation between patterns of functional involvement, considered as a cumulative number of body regions involved, and overall survival in a population-based series of patients with ALS (PARALS).MethodsWe derived the functional involvement of four body regions at diagnosis using ALSFRS-R subscores for bulbar, upper limbs, lower limbs and respiratory/thoracic regions. We analysed the effect of number of body regions involved (NBRI) at diagnosis on overall survival, adjusting for age at onset, sex, site of onset, diagnostic delay, forced vital capacity, body mass index, mutational status, cognition and comparing it with King’s staging system.ResultsThe NBRI was strongly related to survival, with a progressive increase of death/tracheostomy risk among groups (two body regions HR=1.24, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.45, p=0007; three body regions HR=1.65, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.98, p<0.001; four body regions HR=2.68, 95% CI 2.11 to 3.39, p<0.001). Using ALSFRS-R score, the consistency between the number of regions involved and King’s clinical stage at diagnosis was very high (81%). The evaluation of respiratory/thoracic region and cognition allowed to subdivide patients into different prognostic categories. Regional spreading of the disease is associated with survival, independently from the initial region involved.ConclusionsThe evaluation of NBRI, with the inclusion of initial respiratory/thoracic involvement and cognition, can be useful in many research fields, improving the stratification of patients. Our findings highlight the importance of the spatial spreading of functional impairment in the prediction of ALS outcome.