bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of using alternative swabs and storage solutions for paired SARS-CoV-2 detection and microbiome analysis in the hospital environment
Authors: Minich Jeremiah , Ali Farhana , Marotz Clarisse , Belda-Ferre Pedro , Chiang Leslie , Shaffer Justin P. , Carpenter Carolina S. , McDonald Daniel , Gilbert Jack , Allard Sarah M. , Allen Eric E , Knight Rob , Sweeney Daniel A. , Swafford Austin D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Determining the role of fomites in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is essential in the hospital setting and will likely be important outside of medical facilities as governments around the world make plans to ease COVID-19 public health restrictions and attempt to safely reopen economies. Expanding COVID-19 testing to include environmental surfaces would ideally be performed with inexpensive swabs that could be transported safely without concern of being a source of new infections. However, CDC-approved clinical-grade sampling supplies and techniques using a synthetic swab are expensive, potentially expose laboratory workers to viable virus and prohibit analysis of the microbiome due to the presence of antibiotics in viral transport media (VTM). To this end, we performed a series of experiments comparing the diagnostic yield using five consumer-grade swabs (including plastic and wood shafts and various head materials including cotton, synthetic, and foam) and one clinical grade swab for inhibition to RNA. For three of these swabs, we evaluated performance to detect SARS-CoV-2 in twenty intensive care unit (ICU) hospital rooms of patients with 16 COVID-19+. All swabs were placed in 95% ethanol and further evaluated in terms of RNase activity. SARS-CoV-2 was measured both directly from the swab and from the swab eluent.Results: Compared to samples collected in VTM, 95% ethanol demonstrated significant inhibition properties against RNases. When extracting directly from the swab head as opposed to the eluent, RNA recovery was approximately 2-4x higher from all six swab types tested as compared to the clinical standard of testing the eluent from a CDC-approved synthetic swab. The limit of detection (LoD) of SARs-CoV-2 from floor samples collected using the CGp or TMI swabs was similar or better than the CDC standard, further suggesting that swab type does not impact RNA recovery as measured by SARs-CoV-2. The LoD for TMI was between 0-362.5 viral particles while SYN and CGp were both between 725–1450 particles. Lastly microbiome analyses (16S rRNA) of paired samples (e.g., environment to host) collected using different swab types in triplicate indicated that microbial communities were not impacted by swab type but instead driven by the patient and sample type (floor or nasal).Conclusions: Compared to using a clinical-grade synthetic swab, detection of SARS-CoV-2 from environmental samples collected from ICU rooms of patients with COVID was similar using consumer grade swabs, stored in 95% ethanol. The yield was best from the swab head rather than the eluent and the low level of RNase activity in these samples makes it possible to perform concomitant microbiome analysis.
Pathological Responses to Low-Dose Irradiation and Pepleomycin in Oral Cancer are Predictive of Locoregional Control
Authors: Katagiri Tomohiro , Ohyama Yoshio , Miyamoto Hideo , Egawa Yuki , Moriki Toshiaki , Hasegawa Kazuki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The prognosis of advanced oral cancer remains dismal. While multimodal therapy is beneficial, maintaining the quality of life of long-term survivors is important. Therefore, risk-adapted treatment regimens need to be designed. We herein investigated whether pathological responses in oral cancer patients treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy predict locoregional recurrence.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the data of 51 oral cancer patients who received preoperative radiotherapy and concurrent pepleomycin, followed by curative surgery at our institution between January 2009 and June 2018. Each patient received preoperative external beam irradiation to the primary tumor and lymphatics (2 Gy per day for approximately 3 weeks) concurrent with pepleomycin (2.5 mg/day). Surgery was performed approximately 3–4 weeks after the completion of preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Pathological responses were defined based on the grading system of Oboshi and Shimosato.
Results
Eight, 22, 16, and 5 patients had Oboshi and Shimosato grades 2a, 2b, 3, and 4, respectively. Favorable pathological responses (grades 3 and 4) were observed in 41.2% of patients (21 out of 51 patients). The pathological response and number of pathological lymph node metastases were identified as significant prognostic factors for locoregional control in the univariate analysis. Three-year locoregional control rates were 100% and 56.6% in patients with favorable and unfavorable pathological responses, respectively.
Conclusions
The present study demonstrated that pathological tumor responses to preoperative chemoradiotherapy are a useful predictive factor for locoregional control.
Pathological and molecular examination findings in postmortem testis biopsies reveal spermatogenesis damages in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Ma Xixiang , Guan Chuhuai , Chen Rong , Wang Yunyun , Feng Shenglei , wang rongshuai , Qu Guoqiang , Wang Liling , Zhao Sijia , Wang Fengli , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Dingyu , Liu Liang , Liao Aihua , Yuan Shuiqiao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Despite widespread interest in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 in respiratory and cardiovascular systems, little is known about the morphologic and molecular changes in the testis of patients with COVID-19 and the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male fertility. We report here on the pathophysiology and molecular feature of testes obtained at autopsy from six men with COVID-19, as compared with those of testes from three men with age-matched, uninfected SARS-CoV-2. Our histopathological results showed that all COVID-19 patients had severe spermatogenesis damages compared with controls. Importantly, we detected the nuclear acid of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, viral particles, and SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein in COVID-19 patient testes, and we also found ACE2 and TMPRSS2 significantly elevated in the testes from COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we observed a prominent leukocyte infiltration, including CD3+ T lymphocytes, CD20+ B lymphocytes, CD68+ macrophages, HLA-DR+ myeloid cells, and CD38+ plasma cells in the testes of COVID-19 patients. RNA-Seq analyses further revealed SARS-CoV-2 infection could lead to dysfunction of the genes that regulate the spermatogenesis and inflammation response-related pathways. Collectively, our pathological and molecular examination findings indicate that SARS-CoV-2 could directly attack testicular cells, thereby inducing the damage of testicular immune privilege and spermatogenesis defects.
A New Task Offloading Algorithm in Edge Computing
Authors: Zhang Zhenjiang , Li Chen , Peng ShengLung , Pei Xintong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the last few years, the Internet of Things (IOT), as a new disruptive technology, has gradually changed the world. With the prosperous development of the mobile Internet and the rapid growth of the Internet of Things, various new applications continue to emerge, such as mobile payment, face recognition, wearable devices, driverless, VR/AR, etc. Although the computing power of mobile terminals is getting higher and the traditional cloud computing model has higher computing power, it is often accompanied by higher latency and cannot meet the needs of users. In order to reduce user delay to improve user experience, and at the same time reduce network load to a certain extent, edge computing, as an application of IOT, came into being. In view of the new architecture after dating edge computing, this paper focuses on the task offloading in edge computing, from task migration in multi-user scenarios and edge server resource management expansion, and proposes a multi-agent load balancing distribution based on deep reinforcement learning DTOMALB, a distributed task allocation algorithm, can perform a reasonable offload method for this scenario to improve user experience and balance resource utilization. Simulations show that the algorithm has a certain adaptability compared to the traditional algorithm in the scenario of multi-user single cell, and reduces the complexity of the algorithm compared to the centralized algorithm, and reduces the average response delay of the overall user. And balance the load of each edge computing server, improve the robustness and scalability of the system.
Parametric Modeling of Solid Mechanics in Engineering Research Based on Cloud Computing Model
Authors: Jian Longji , Song Feifei , Huang Yuansong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Traditional parametric models of solid mechanics have disadvantages such as poor lightweight level of cloud data and low integrity of operations of solid mechanics. To solve the above problems, a parametric model for solid mechanics in engineering research based on cloud computing models is designed. By calculating the number of cloud data copy optimizations, the upper limit of resources required for engineering research is estimated, and the specific values is assessed by continuously cycling the demand, so as to complete the basic conflict analysis, and set up a cloud computing engineering research environment. On this basis, the modeling index is selected. By analyzing the sensitivity of the index, the purpose of optimizing the modeling parameters is achieved, and a new solid mechanics parametric model is constructed. Analyzing and contrasting the experimental data shows that after applying the parametric model of solid mechanics in the engineering research based on the cloud computing model, the lightweight level of cloud data can be increased by up to 24 levels, and the operational integrity of solid mechanics can be increased by about 30%.
Data from small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of cervix: FIGO 2018 staging is more accurate than FIGO 2009
Authors: Zhang Yunqiang , Ding Jingxin , Hua Keqin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate whether the addition of stage IIIC to the revised 2018 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system of cervical cancer is reasonable based on small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of cervix (SCNEC) data.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 64 SCNEC patients with FIGO 2009 stage IB–IIA from January 2014 to December 2018 at the author’s hospital.Results: Univariate analysis showed that FIGO 2018 was related to more prognostic factors than FIGO 2009. Multivariate analysis showed the FIGO stage and the degree of lymph node metastasis (LNM) were significantly related to the prognosis of SCNEC patients. The 5-year overall survival rate (OS) was 78.5% and 22.2% in stage I and II, respectively (FIGO 2009). In FIGO 2018, the 5-year OS was 74.1%, 60.2%, and 0% in stage I/II, IIIC1, and IIIC2, respectively. After IIIC stage was subgrouped by T factor (T1, limited to cervix and vagina; T2, parametrial involvement; T3, pelvic and abdominal cavity involvement), the 5-year OS of IIICT1,IIICT2, and IIICT3 was 83.3%, 30.0%, and 0%, respectively, (P=0.010); while by N factor (N1a and N1b, metastasis to pelvic with the rate ≤0.20 and >0.20; N1c, metastasis to the para-aortic), the 5-year OS of IIICN1a, IIICN1b, and IIICN1c was 80.0%, 26.7%, and 0%, respectively (P=0.016).Conclusion: Compared with FIGO 2009, FIGO 2018 can evaluate the prognosis of SCNEC patients more accurately after subdivision of stage IIIC by combining tumor local invasion factors or the degree and location of LNM.
Clinical Relevance of Oncogenic Driver Mutations Identified in Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Watanabe Takafumi , Nanamiya Hideaki , Kojima Manabu , Nomura Shinji , Furukawa Shigenori , Soeda Shu , Tanaka Daisuke , Isogai Takao , Imai Jun-ichi , Watanabe Shinya , Fujimori Keiya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Endometrial carcinoma is a clinically heterogeneous disease characterized by a number of different histological subtypes, and its heterogeneity may be involved in the accumulation of multiple genetic alterations. The aim of this work is to investigate a comprehensive mutational profile of endometrial carcinoma tumors, and examine the correlations with somatic mutations and clinicopathological features or survival in endometrial carcinoma patients. Methods: A total of 100 surgical tumors were obtained from endometrial carcinoma patients who had undergone surgery at Fukushima Medical University Hospital between 2013 and 2017. Genomic DNA samples extracted form fresh-frozen tissues were analyzed using the Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 Kit covering 50 tumor-related genes.Results: Validated mutations were detected in 91 of the 100 tumors (91%) and identified in eight of the most frequently mutated genes, namely PTEN (57%), PIK3CA (51%) and TP53 (30%) KRAS (23%), CTNNB1 (21%), FBFR2 (13%), FBXW7(10%) and RB1 (9%). PTEN mutations correlated with young age (< 60), early-stage, endometrioid histology, non-recurrence and better overall survival. CTNNB1 mutations correlated with young age, endometrioid histology and better overall survival. On the other hands, TP53 mutations correlated with late-stage, non-endometrioid histology, high-grade, recurrence and worse overall survival. FBWX7 mutations correlated with late-stage, vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis. FGFR2 mutations correlated with deep (≥ 1/2) myometrial invasion. No statistically significant associations were found between clinicopathological characteristics or overall survival and PIK3CA, KRAS or RB1 mutations were found.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that mutations in PTEN and CTNNB1 could be predictive biomarkers for favorable outcome, while mutations in TP53, FBXW7 and FGFR2 could be those for adverse outcome. Our comprehensive mutational profile is useful for understanding and evaluating the molecular characteristics of endometrial carcinoma patients, and will lead to the establishment of novel treatment strategies that improve the survival of patients with endometrial carcinoma in the future.
Development and external validation of a nomogram for predicting the effect of tumor size on cancer specific survival of resected gallbladder cancer: a population-based study.
Authors: Zhang Yaodong , Zhou Tao , Han Sheng , Wang Yirui , Chang Jiang , Jiang Wangjie , Wang Ziyi , Li Changxian , Li Xiangcheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background & Aims:
The impact of tumor size on account of the long-term survival results in gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients has been controversial. It is urgent necessary to identify the optimal cutoff value of tumor size in resected GBC, and we attempted to integrate tumor size with other prognostic factors into a prognostic nomogram to predict the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of GBC patients.
Methods
1639 patients with resected GBC were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. X-tile program was used to identify the optimal cutoff value of tumor size. A nomogram including tumor size was established to predict 1-, 3- and 5-year CSS based on the independent risk factors chosen by univariate and multivariable cox analyses. The precision of the nomogram for predicting survival was validated with Harrell’s concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) internally and externally.
Results
Patients with GBC were classified into 1–13 mm, 14–63 mm and 64 mm subgroup based on the optimal cutoff for tumor size in terms of CSS. The nomogram according to the independent factors was well calibrated and displayed better discrimination power than 7th Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage systems.
Conclusions
The results demonstrated that increased tumor size is closely associated with the worse CSS. Our novel nomogram, which outperforms the conventional TNM staging system, showed satisfactory accuracy and clinically practicality for predicting the outcome of resected GBC patients.
Study on the Independent Effect of Thyroid Hormone Based on Uric Acid Level on NAFLD
Authors: chao guanqun , Chen Liying 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective:This study aims to further explain the correlation among NAFLD, hyperuricemia and thyroid function and to find independent risk factors for each other.Methods:Datas were obtained from subjects who underwent health examination in the Health promotion centre of Sir Run Run Shaw hospital of Zhejiang University from January 2017 to February 2019.The diagnosis of NAFLD was according to the clinical diagnosis of the Guidelines.Serum uric acid (SUA) >360 mol/L (female) and SUA>420 mol/L (male) were enrolled in the hyperuricemia group.R software was used for statistical analysis.Results:55,449 subjects were included in the analysis.Gender ratio, age, BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, glutamate transaminase, glutamate transaminase, urea nitrogen, creatinine, FT3, FT4 and TSH were significantly different between the two groups.age, BMI, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, rapid blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, AST, and uric acid were all independent risk factors for NAFLD.In the normal uric acid group, variables other than systolic blood pressure and TSH were independent factors of NAFLD.In the hyperuricemia group, all variables except systolic blood pressure, FT4 and TSH were independent factors of NAFLD.Conclusion:The level of uric acid is related to the occurrence of NAFLD. Hyperuricemia is one of the independent risk factors of NAFLD.TSH level is not related to the occurrence of NAFLD, while FT3 and FT4 may be related to NAFLD.
High resolution diffusion weighted imaging for neoadjuvant chemotherapy assessment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Meng Tiebo , Wang Feixiang , Liu Jia , Dai Wei , Zhi Lanlan , Mo Xiaoguan , Han Cailan , Li Hui , Huang Wei , Ke Liangru , Xie Chuan-miao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

To evaluate the feasibility of high resolution diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) for the prediction about the response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients.
Methods

119 NPC patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including readout-segmented diffusion weighted imaging (RESOLVE-DWI) before treatment enrolled in this study from September 2017 to December 2019, and all patients underwent follow-up MRI at 3 month after two cycles of NAC. Patients were classified into stable disease (SD), partial response (PR) or completed response (CR) based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured from RESOLVE-DWI in the first MRI examination. The ADC values were compared between responders (CR and PR) and non-responders (SD) using Independent samples t-test, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was calculated to assess the diagnostic efficacy.
Results

The ADC value of responders was significantly higher than that of non-responders (719.73 ± 100.44 × 10− 3 mm2/s and 583.28 ± 53.15 × 10− 3 mm2/s, p < 0.001, respectively). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.879 with a sensitivity at 82.8%, and specificity at 84.6%.
Conclusions

The ADC value obtained by RESOLVE-DWI, with a high diagnostic accuracy for NAC assessment, could be used as a pretreatment imaging biomarker to predict the early response to NAC in NPC patients.
Analysis of the Misdiagnosis of a Case of Rectal Lymphoid Polyp: a Case Report
Authors: Lan Yong-Ting , Shang Hua , Wang Lin-Ping , Li Na , Zhao Jing , Ling Ting-Sheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Lymphoid polyps are rare benign lesions, mainly in the intestinal tract. But misdiagnosis always happen, because it is difficult to distinguish lymphoid polyp and lymphoma and laterally spreading tumour (LST) solely relying on endoscopic examination. Generally speaking, pathology can help us make a correct diagnosis, but in few cases advanced methods is necessary for diagnosis, such as immunohistochemistry and gene rearrangement. Case presentation: A 56-year-old female patient was admitted to the ward for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) treatment. She was diagnosed with laterally spreading tumour (LST) in another hospital. Before ESD treatment, we performed a colonoscopy examination on the patient. The result pointed towards rectal lymphoma and did not support the diagnosis of LSTs of the rectum, so we did not perform ESD. Because of the possibility of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of common endoscopic biopsy, we performed endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) biopsy. The results of postoperative pathology, immunohistochemistry and gene rearrangement supported the diagnosis of lymphoid polyps. Conclusions: The diagnosis of lymphoid polyps always depends on endoscopic examination and pathology. If necessary, advanced methods such as immunohistochemistry and gene rearrangement may be helpful.
WITHDRAWN: Anisotropic Textile Brace for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Immediate in-brace effect and biomechanics
Authors: Queenie FOK , Yip Joanne , Yick Kit-lun , Sun-pui Ng , Liu Zude , Li Xinfeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Rigid bracing is a universal effective treatment for scoliosis. However, body movement restriction and discomfort usually are its shortcomings. The purpose of this case series study was to investigate the feasibility of novel anisotropic textile braces with an artificial hinge adopting the direct three-point pressure system for the initial spinal correction and its biomechanics.
Methods
Five scoliotic female patients who were on average 12.2 years old with a BMI of 18.7, Risser grade of 1.6 and Cobb’s angle of 22.3˚ were recruited. The outcome measures are spinal correction, contour asymmetry, and interface pressure distribution of the brace. The correlation between the rate of in-brace correction and variables such as the Cobb’s angle, posterior trunk asymmetry index and interface pressure were studied.
Results
The initial in-brace rate of spinal correction ranged between 9.7% and 87%. The rate of correction based on posterior trunk asymmetry index ranged between 14.1% and 43.2%. The interface pressure from the brace ranged from 4.1 kPa to 25.6 kPa, which is comparable to that exerted by rigid braces. Based on the data in this study, no correlation was found between the in-brace rate of correction and the Cobb’s angle and the pressure exerted by the pads.
Conclusions
The main finding is that the anisotropic textile brace offers good initial in-brace correction through the application of the three-point pressure system with textile materials. Nevertheless, further follow-up work is recommended to investigate its long-term efficacy.
Trial registration:
This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02271256 – Registration date 22nd October 2014).