bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Umami synergy as the scientific principle behind taste-pairing champagne and oysters
Authors: Schmidt Charlotte Vinther , Olsen Karsten , Mouritsen Ole G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFood and flavour pairing are commonly used as an empirically based phenomenology by chefs and food innovators for creating delicious dishes. However, there is little if any science behind the pairing systems used, and it appears that pairing is determined by food culture and tradition rather than by chemical food composition. In contrast, the pairing implied by the synergy in the umami taste, elicited by free glutamate and free nucleotides, is scientifically founded on an allosteric action at the umami receptor, rendering eggs-bacon and cheese-ham delicious companions. Based on measurement of umami compounds in champagnes and oysters we suggest that a reason why champagne and oysters are considered good companions may be the presence of free glutamate in champagne, and free glutamate and 5′-nucleotides in oysters. By calculations of the effective umami potential we reveal which combinations of oysters and champagnes lead to the strongest umami taste. We also show that glutamate levels and total amount of free amino acids are higher in aged champagnes with long yeast contact, and that the European oyster (Ostrea edulis) has higher free glutamate and nucleotide content than the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and is thus a better candidate to elicit synergistic umami taste.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the auditory cortex modulates GABA and glutamate: a 7 T MR-spectroscopy study
Authors: Heimrath K. , Brechmann A. , Blobel-Lüer R. , Stadler J. , Budinger E. , Zaehle Tino 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is one of the most prominent non-invasive electrical brain stimulation method to alter neuronal activity as well as behavioral processes in cognitive and perceptual domains. However, the exact mode of action of tDCS-related cortical alterations is still unclear as the results of tDCS studies often do not comply with the somatic doctrine assuming that anodal tDCS enhances while cathodal tDCS decreases neuronal excitability. Changes in the regional cortical neurotransmitter balance within the stimulated cortex, measured by excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter levels, have the potential to provide direct neurochemical underpinnings of tDCS effects. Here we assessed tDCS-induced modulations of the neurotransmitter concentrations in the human auditory cortex (AC) by using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at ultra-high-field (7 T). We quantified inhibitory gamma-amino butyric (GABA) concentration and excitatory glutamate (Glu) and compared changes in the relative concentration of GABA to Glu before and after tDCS application. We found that both, anodal and cathodal tDCS significantly increased the relative concentration of GABA to Glu with individual temporal specificity. Our results offer novel insights for a potential neurochemical mechanism that underlies tDCS-induced alterations of AC processing.
Highly colloidally stable trimodal 125I-radiolabeled PEG-neridronate-coated upconversion/magnetic bioimaging nanoprobes
Authors: Kostiv Uliana , Kučka Jan , Lobaz Volodymyr , Kotov Nikolay , Janoušková Olga , Šlouf Miroslav , Krajnik Bartosz , Podhorodecki Artur , Francová Pavla , Šefc Luděk , Jirák Daniel , Horák Daniel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract“All-in-one” multifunctional nanomaterials, which can be visualized simultaneously by several imaging techniques, are required for the efficient diagnosis and treatment of many serious diseases. This report addresses the design and synthesis of upconversion magnetic NaGdF4:Yb3+/Er3+(Tm3+) nanoparticles by an oleic acid-stabilized high-temperature coprecipitation of lanthanide precursors in octadec-1-ene. The nanoparticles, which emit visible or UV light under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, were modified by in-house synthesized PEG-neridronate to facilitate their dispersibility and colloidal stability in water and bioanalytically relevant phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles was determined using HeLa cells and human fibroblasts (HF). Subsequently, the particles were modified by Bolton-Hunter-neridronate and radiolabeled by125I to monitor their biodistribution in mice using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The upconversion and the paramagnetic properties of the NaGdF4:Yb3+/Er3+(Tm3+)@PEG nanoparticles were evaluated by photoluminescence, magnetic resonance (MR) relaxometry, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 1 T and 4.7 T preclinical scanners. MRI data were obtained on phantoms with different particle concentrations and during pilot long-time in vivo observations of a mouse model. The biological and physicochemical properties of the NaGdF4:Yb3+/Er3+(Tm3+)@PEG nanoparticles make them promising as a trimodal optical/MRI/SPECT bioimaging and theranostic nanoprobe for experimental medicine.
Radiographic characterisation of spinal curvature development in farmed New Zealand Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha throughout seawater production
Authors: Lovett B. A. , Firth E. C. , Tuck I. D. , Symonds J. E. , Walker S. P. , Perrott M. R. , Davie P. S. , Munday J. S. , Preece M. A. , Herbert N. A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpinal anomalies are a recognised source of downgrading in finfish aquaculture, but identifying their cause(s) is difficult and often requires extensive knowledge of the underlying pathology. Late-onset spinal curvatures (lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis) can affect up to 40% of farmed New Zealand Chinook (king) salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at harvest, but little is known about their pathogenesis. Curvature development was radiographically documented in two related cohorts of commercially-farmed Chinook salmon throughout seawater production to determine (1) the timing of radiographic onset and relationships between (2) the curvature types, (3) the spinal regions in which they develop and (4) their associations with co-existing vertebral body anomalies (vertebral compression, fusion and vertical shift). Onset of curvature varied between individuals, but initially occurred eight months post-seawater transfer. There were strong associations between the three curvature types and the four recognised spinal regions: lordosis was predominantly observed in regions (R)1 and R3, kyphosis in R2 and R4, manifesting as a distinct pattern of alternating lordosis and kyphosis from head to tail. This was subsequently accompanied by scoliosis, which primarily manifested in spinal regions R2 and R3, where most of the anaerobic musculature is concentrated. Co-existing vertebral body anomalies, of which vertebral compression and vertical shift were most common, appeared to arise either independent of curvature development or as secondary effects. Our results suggest that spinal curvature in farmed New Zealand Chinook salmon constitutes a late-onset, rapidly-developing lordosis–kyphosis–scoliosis (LKS) curvature complex with a possible neuromuscular origin.
Time-of-day-dependent responses of cyanobacterial cellular viability against oxidative stress
Authors: Tanaka Kenya , Shimakawa Ginga , Nakanishi Shuji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs an adaptation to periodic fluctuations of environmental light, photosynthetic organisms have evolved a circadian clock. Control by the circadian clock of many cellular physiological functions, including antioxidant enzymes, metabolism and the cell cycle, has attracted attention in the context of oxidative stress tolerance. However, since each physiological function works in an integrated manner to deal with oxidative stress, whether or not cell responses to oxidative stress are under circadian control remains an open question. In fact, circadian rhythms of oxidative stress tolerance have not yet been experimentally demonstrated. In the present work, we applied an assay using methyl viologen (MV), which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light irradiation, and experimentally verified the circadian rhythms of oxidative stress tolerance in photosynthetic cells of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, a standard model species for investigation of the circadian clock. Here, we report that ROS generated by MV treatment causes damage to stroma components and not to the photosynthetic electron transportation chain, leading to reduced cell viability. The degree of decrease in cell viability was dependent on the subjective time at which oxidative stress was applied. Thus, oxidative stress tolerance was shown to exhibit circadian rhythms. In addition, the rhythmic pattern of oxidative stress tolerance disappeared in mutant cells lacking the essential clock genes. Notably, ROS levels changed periodically, independent of the MV treatment. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time that in cyanobacterial cells, oxidative stress tolerance shows circadian oscillation.
Prediagnostic serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and melanoma risk
Authors: Stenehjem Jo S. , Støer Nathalie C. , Ghiasvand Reza , Grimsrud Tom K. , Babigumira Ronnie , Rees Judy R. , Nilsen Lill Tove , Johnsen Bjørn , Thorsby Per M. , Veierød Marit B. , Robsahm Trude E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious studies of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in relation to melanoma have shown conflicting results. We conducted a nested case–control study of 708 cases and 708 controls, using prediagnostically collected serum, to study 25(OH)D and melanoma risk in the population-based Janus Serum Bank Cohort. Stratified Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for ultraviolet radiation (UVR) indicators and stratified by ambient UVB of residence and body mass index (BMI). Non-linear associations were studied by restricted cubic splines. Missing data were handled with multiple imputation by chained equations. We found an HR of melanoma risk of 1.01 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.04) and an HRimputed of 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.04) per 5-nmol/L increase. The spline model showed exposure-risk curves with significantly reduced melanoma risk between 60 and 85 nmol/L 25(OH)D (reference 50 nmol/L). Non-significant J-shaped curves were found in sub-analyses of subjects with high ambient UVB of residence and of subjects with BMI < 25 kg/m2. Our data did not yield persuasive evidence for an association between 25(OH)D and melanoma risk overall. Serum levels within the medium range might be associated with reduced risk, an association possibly mediated by BMI.
Large enhancement of simultaneous color contrast by white flanking contours
Authors: Kanematsu Tama , Koida Kowa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSimultaneous color contrast and assimilation are mutually opposing effects on color appearance, and their magnitude depends on spatial context. The Monnier–Shevell illusion induces a large color shift by a synergy of simultaneous assimilation and contrast using the alternating color of proximal and distant surrounds. The illusion induces a prominent effect along the blue-yellow color axis, but a subtle effect along the orthogonal color axis. In this study, we report an illusion generated by an extremely thin gray line on a cyan background that appears reddish when the line is flanked by thin white contours. We quantified the color appearance of the gray line in a color matching experiment and found that the color shift of the gray line with white contours induced large color shifts. It is also known that luminance contrast between a center and its surrounds affects the magnitude of simultaneous color contrast. However, our color contrast effects were larger for a dark line rather than for a pale line. In contrast, the perceived color shift of the line without the contours increased as the luminance of the gray line increased, supporting the known effect of Kirschmann’s third law. These results indicate that Kirschmann’s third law fails to explain the perceived color shift of our illusion, even after accounting for optical factors like aberrations. Observed color shifts could be explained by an augmented synergy theory based on intensity space, rather than chromaticity.
Machine learning to predict mortality after rehabilitation among patients with severe stroke
Authors: Scrutinio Domenico , Ricciardi Carlo , Donisi Leandro , Losavio Ernesto , Battista Petronilla , Guida Pietro , Cesarelli Mario , Pagano Gaetano , D’Addio Giovanni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStroke is among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Approximately 20–25% of stroke survivors present severe disability, which is associated with increased mortality risk. Prognostication is inherent in the process of clinical decision-making. Machine learning (ML) methods have gained increasing popularity in the setting of biomedical research. The aim of this study was twofold: assessing the performance of ML tree-based algorithms for predicting three-year mortality model in 1207 stroke patients with severe disability who completed rehabilitation and comparing the performance of ML algorithms to that of a standard logistic regression. The logistic regression model achieved an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.745 and was well calibrated. At the optimal risk threshold, the model had an accuracy of 75.7%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 33.9%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 91.0%. The ML algorithm outperformed the logistic regression model through the implementation of synthetic minority oversampling technique and the Random Forests, achieving an AUC of 0.928 and an accuracy of 86.3%. The PPV was 84.6% and the NPV 87.5%. This study introduced a step forward in the creation of standardisable tools for predicting health outcomes in individuals affected by stroke.
Genome-wide association studies and heritability analysis reveal the involvement of host genetics in the Japanese gut microbiota
Authors: Ishida Sachiko , Kato Kumiko , Tanaka Masami , Odamaki Toshitaka , Kubo Ryuichi , Mitsuyama Eri , Xiao Jin-zhong , Yamaguchi Rui , Uematsu Satoshi , Imoto Seiya , Miyano Satoru 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNumerous host extrinsic and intrinsic factors affect the gut microbiota composition, but their cumulative effects do not sufficiently explain the variation in the microbiota, suggesting contributions of missing factors. The Japanese population possesses homogeneous genetic features suitable for genome-wide association study (GWAS). Here, we performed GWASs for human gut microbiota using 1068 healthy Japanese adults. To precisely evaluate genetic effects, we corrected for the impacts of numerous host extrinsic and demographic factors by introducing them as covariates, enabling us to discover five loci significantly associated with microbiome diversity measures: HS3ST4, C2CD2, 2p16.1, 10p15.1, and 18q12.2. Nevertheless, these five variants explain only a small fraction of the variation in the gut microbiota. We subsequently investigated the heritability of each of the 21 core genera and found that the abundances of six genera are heritable. We propose that the gut microbiota composition is affected by a highly polygenic architecture rather than several strongly associated variants in the Japanese population.
Nanostructured copper selenide as an ultrasensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose sensor
Authors: Umapathi Siddesh , Singh Harish , Masud Jahangir , Nath Manashi 
Published: November 2020

CuSe nanostructures exhibit high-efficiency for glucose detection with high sensitivity (19.419 mA mM−1 cm−2) and selectivity at low applied potential (0.15 V vs. Ag|AgCl), low detection limit (0.196 μM) and linear detection range (100 nM to 40 μM).
Suppression of spurious harmonic responses in superconducting microstrip spiral filters using gold overlay and stagger tuning
Authors: Huang Frederick , Bolli Pietro , Mariotti Sergio 
Published: November 2020

The higher order resonances of microwave superconducting filters with spiral resonators were suppressed, giving a very wide stop‐band. In one filter spirals were modified to have equal fundamental resonances, but different higher order resonances, by adding stubs and using non‐uniform line width. The higher resonances were reduced to −39 dB, in a stop band up to 4.3 times the pass band centre. In another filter, parasitic resistive resonators were added, suppressing the responses to −57 dB. The resistance is provided by patterning the 200 nm gold overlay already required for the external contacts. The increase in pass band loss is not measurable. Measurements of a single spiral resonator with a gold‐YBCO bi‐layer (200 and 600 nm respectively) suggest that the resistivity of the gold layer at 15 K is the order of 22 times that of bulk gold, a slight advantage for the present application. At 100 K, it is about double.
Inclusion scolaire d’élèves avec TSA : pour l’inclusion de la notion de sujet
Authors: Bastos Marise Bartolozzi 
Published: November 2020

Ce travail est le fruit de nos recherches dans la formation de professeurs des écoles au Brésil. Il aborde les impasses vécues dans le processus d’inclusion scolaire d’élèves avec un trouble du spectre autistique (TSA). L’un des principaux problèmes qui se présente dans la scolarisation de ces enfants est constitué par les difficultés qu’ils rencontrent dans l’établissement de relations avec les autres, ce qui peut parfois aussi engendrer des impasses face aux apprentissages scolaires. L’inclusion scolaire de ces élèves requiert de la part des enseignants un changement de position face aux processus usuels de l’acte d’enseigner et d’apprendre. La scolarisation d’enfants psychotiques et autistes doit être pensée dans une perspective qui inclut la notion de sujet freudien. Un paradigme très différent de l’agent de l’action présent dans les théories pédagogiques contemporaines, et du développement de compétences prescrit dans les théorisations de la formation d’un « enseignant réflexif ». Nous souhaitons montrer comment nos expériences universitaires nous portent à analyser non seulement la question de l’inclusion de l’enfant en tant que sujet dans les dispositifs scolaires, mais aussi la nécessaire inclusion de l’enseignant en tant que sujet dans des dispositifs de formation qui favorisent la circulation de la parole.
125 Jahre Deutsches Zentralkomitee zur Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose e. V. (DZK)
Authors: Loddenkemper R. , Konietzko N. , Seehausen V. , Bauer T. , Pfeifer M. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Deutsche Zentralkomitee zur Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose e. V. (DZK) feiert in diesem Jahr seinen 125. Geburtstag. Aus diesem Anlass blickt das DZK als eine der weltweit ältesten TB-Organisationen auf seine Entwicklung in diesen 125 Jahren zurück. Die Ergebnisse werden detailliert in einem umfangreichen Buch geschildert und in diesem Artikel zusammengefasst. Hierin spiegeln sich die vielfältigen politischen Veränderungen mit ihren Auswirkungen auf das DZK wider, angefangen vom Kaiserreich, über die Weimarer Republik, das sog. „Dritte Reich“, die beiden nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg getrennten deutschen Staaten und die jetzige Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Die Tuberkulose (TB) war zur Gründungszeit noch die beherrschende Volkskrankheit in Deutschland, heute ist sie weltweit die führende Infektionskrankheit. Als Folge von Migration ist davon auch Deutschland betroffen. Nach zwischenzeitlich – speziell 2015/2016 – deutlich angestiegenen Erkrankungszahlen (insbesondere bei den nicht in Deutschland geborenen Neuerkrankten, die 2019 einen Anteil von 72 % hatten), die Auswirkungen der medikamentenresistenten TB (2019 hatten 11,4 % aller Neuerkrankungen irgendeine [jegliche] Resistenz [384 Fälle], darunter 87 Fälle mit einer MDR-TB und von diesen 8 Fälle mit einer XDR-TB und 27 Fälle einer Prä-XDR-TB) sowie auch der hohe Anteil offener und damit hoch infektiöser Lungentuberkulosen (81,5 % in 2019) zeigen eindrücklich, dass die TB nach wie vor ein auch in Deutschland nicht zu unterschätzendes Gesundheitsproblem darstellt, welches sich zunehmend in Risikogruppen konzentriert (sozial benachteiligte Personen, Menschen aus Hochprävalenzländern, Obdachlose, Drogenabhängige, Alkoholkranke, HIV-Infizierte). Dem DZK kommt daher in der Kontrolle der TB auch heute noch eine wichtige Rolle zu als Bindeglied zwischen den mit der Bekämpfung der TB betrauten nationalen und internationalen Institutionen.
Trainee participation during screening colonoscopy does not affect ADR at subsequent surveillance, but may result in early follow-up
Authors: Eckardt Alexander J. , Kheder Joan , Basil Anjali , Silverstein Taryn , Patel Krunal , Mahmoud Mohamed , Al-Azzawi Yasir , Ellis Daniel , Gillespie William , Carrasquillo Vega Yoel , Person Sharina D. , Levey John M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Training future endoscopists is essential to meet rising demands for screening and surveillance colonoscopies. Studies have shown conflicting results regarding the influence of trainees on adenoma detection rates (ADR). It is unclear whether trainee participation during screening adversely affects ADR at subsequent surveillance and whether it alters surveillance recommendations.
Patients and methods A retrospective analysis of average-risk screening colonoscopies and surveillance exams over a subsequent 10-year period was performed. The initial inclusion criteria were met by 5208 screening and 2285 surveillance exams. Patients with poor preparation were excluded. The final analysis included 7106 procedures, including 4922 screening colonoscopies and 2184 surveillance exams. Data were collected from pathology and endoscopy electronic databases. The primary outcome was the ADR with and without trainee participation. Surveillance recommendations were analyzed as a secondary outcome.
Results Trainees participated in 1131 (23 %) screening and in 232 (11 %) surveillance exams. ADR did not significantly differ (P = 0.19) for screening exams with trainee participation (19.5 %) or those without (21.4 %). ADRs were higher at surveillance exams with (22.4 %) and without (27.5 %) trainee participation. ADR at surveillance was not adversely affected by trainee participation during the previous colonoscopy. Shorter surveillance intervals were given more frequently if trainees participated during the initial screening procedure (P = 0.0001).
Conclusions ADR did not significantly differ in screening or surveillance colonoscopies with or without trainee participation. ADR at surveillance was not adversely affected by trainee participation during the previous screening exam. However, trainee participation may result in shorter surveillance recommendations.