bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burmorussidae, a new family of parasitic wasps (Insecta, Hymenoptera) from mid‐Cretaceous Burmese amber
Authors: Zhang Qi , Kopylov Dmitry S. , Rasnitsyn Alexandr P. , Zheng Yan , Zhang Haichun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA new genus and species, Burmorussus mirabilis, is described based on two specimens from the mid‐Cretaceous Burmese amber, and considered to be a specialized parasitic wasp of wood‐living hosts. The new taxon is characterized by an orussid‐like ocellar crown, big eyes, antennae attached well above the clypeus, and antennal grooves or ventral transverse frontal carinae absent. Additionally, all legs carry a prominent lanceolate lobe on the third tarsomere. A similar structure is found, but organized differently, in Recent Orussidae and Stephanidae, serving as part of a vibration analyser. Although sharing some characters with families Karatavitidae, Orussidae and Paroryssidae, this new taxon cannot be assigned to any of these families. We propose a new monotypic family Burmorussidae and assign it to the superfamily Orussoidea. A phylogenetic analysis confirms the monophyly of Orussoidea, which occurs a sister group to Apocrita.
Advances in the prediction of mouse liver microsomal studies: From machine learning to deep learning
Authors: Renn Alex , Su Bo‐Han , Liu Hsin , Sun Joseph , Tseng Yufeng J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the drug development process, mouse liver microsomal (MLM) studies are an invaluable biological assay used to assess the metabolic stability of novel drug candidates prior to human studies. However, determining MLM stability, in addition to other absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties, can be a time‐intensive and expensive process if it were tested in many compounds, thus leading to the need to create computational models capable of predicting properties of novel compounds. Additionally, building accurate computational models for the prediction of MLM stability can greatly accelerate the screening process for the selection of an appropriate drug candidate and further reduce the failure rate of the compounds in later trial stages. Our study outlined within this paper will discuss the history of computational models and their ability to predict MLM stability using traditional machine learning methods, as well as discuss a novel deep learning architecture, graph convolutional neural networks, capable of stronger predictive capabilities when compared to traditional methods. With future advances in hardware and research, deep learning methods applied to the prediction of ADME properties including but not limited to microsomal stability prediction represent an invaluable tool for future drug discovery efforts in both industry and academic settings.This article is categorized under:
Computer and Information Science > Chemoinformatics
Computer and Information Science > Computer Algorithms and Programming
Nanomedicine and drug delivery systems in cancer and regenerative medicine
Authors: Garbayo Elisa , Pascual‐Gil Simon , Rodríguez‐Nogales Carlos , Saludas Laura , Estella‐Hermoso de Mendoza Ander , Blanco‐Prieto Maria J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNanomedicine and drug delivery technologies play a prominent role in modern medicine, facilitating better treatments than conventional drugs. Nanomedicine is being increasingly used to develop new methods of cancer diagnosis and treatment, since this technology can modulate the biodistribution and the target site accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs, thereby reducing their toxicity. Regenerative medicine provides another area where innovative drug delivery technology is being studied for improved tissue regeneration. Drug delivery systems can protect therapeutic proteins and peptides against degradation in biological environments and deliver them in a controlled manner. Similarly, the combination of drug delivery systems and stem cells can improve their survival, differentiation, and engraftment. The present review summarizes the most important steps carried‐out by the group of Prof Blanco‐Prieto in nanomedicine and drug delivery technologies. Throughout her scientific career, she has contributed to the area of nanomedicine to improve anticancer therapy. In particular, nanoparticles loaded with edelfosine, doxorubicin, or methotrexate have demonstrated great anticancer activity in preclinical settings of lymphoma, glioma, and pediatric osteosarcoma. In regenerative medicine, a major focus has been the development of drug delivery systems for brain and cardiac repair. In this context, several microparticle‐based technologies loaded with biologics have demonstrated efficacy in clinically relevant animal models such as monkeys and pigs. The latest research by this group has shown that drug delivery systems combined with cell therapy can achieve a more complete and potent regenerative response. Cutting‐edge areas such as noninvasive intravenous delivery of cardioprotective nanomedicines or extracellular vesicle‐based therapies are also being explored.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Efficacy of Acoustic Triangulation for Gray Wolves
Authors: O'Gara Jordyn R. , Wieder Charlie A. , Mallinger Elyse C. , Simon Alyx N. , Wydeven Adrian P. , Olson Erik R. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTAcoustic triangulation is a unique, relatively noninvasive monitoring approach that can inform our understanding of a species’ distribution in time and space. Acoustic triangulation relies on standard triangulation techniques to determine the location of an acoustic event. Howl surveys are frequently used to survey wolves (Canis lupus) and other canids. We evaluated the efficacy of acoustic triangulation for estimating the location of wolves. We measured precision and accuracy of acoustic triangulation using an experimental mock howl survey and field data collected with wild wolves in northern Wisconsin, USA (2014–2018). Precision of acoustic triangulation was similar to triangulation with ground‐based radiotelemetry for both pooled data and individual wolves at specific times, although the 2 techniques did not result in similar predicted locations. Distance from the howl source was the most consistently significant factor influencing the efficacy of acoustic triangulation. Error ellipse size was 33 times smaller at distances <1 km. Wind speed also reduced the accuracy of acoustic triangulation for mock howl surveys. Precision for modified howl surveys with wild wolves improved with the number of bearings. We estimated a mean bearing error of 13.2° (±2.1, 95% CI) for single bearings and a maximum distance of 1.76 km (range = 0.96–1.76 km;  = 1.41 km) detection for audible anthropogenic howls. Such information can be applied to howl survey data to generate more fine‐scale location information for wolf‐pack home sites. Acoustic triangulation of wolves can provide high‐quality location information in areas where wolves are not monitored with radiocollars. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Pangenome Flux Balance Analysis Toward Panphenomes
Authors: Norsigian Charles J. , Fang Xin , Palsson Bernhard O. , Monk Jonathan M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStudies of the pangenome have been empowered by an exponentially increasing amount of strain-specific genome sequencing data. With this data deluge comes a need for new tools to contextualize, analyze, and interpret such a vast amount of information. Network reconstructions, genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs), and the corresponding computational analysis frameworks such as flux balance analysis (FBA) have been proven useful toward this end. Network reconstructions can be used to interpret genomic variation not just from a single strain but for an entire species. By applying these approaches at the pangenome scale, it becomes possible to systematically evaluate phenotypic properties for an entire species thus enabling the study of a panphenome directly from a pangenome. Applying insights gained from analysis of the panphenome has diverse implications with applications ranging from human health to metabolic engineering. The future of pangenomics will include panphenomic analyses, thus supplementing traditional pangenomic analyses and helping to address the Big-data-to-knowledge grand challenge of analyzing thousands of genomic sequences.
Computational Strategies for Eukaryotic Pangenome Analyses
Authors: Hu Zhiqiang , Wei Chaochun , Li Zhikang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Over the last few years, pangenome analyses have been applied to eukaryotes, especially to important crops. A handful of eukaryotic pangenome studies have demonstrated widespread variation in gene presence/absence among plant species and its implications on agronomically important traits. In this chapter, we focus on the methodology of pangenome analysis, which can generally be classified into two different types of approaches, a homolog-based strategy and a “map-to-pan” strategy. In a homolog-based strategy, the genomes of individuals are independently assembled, and the presence/absence of a gene family is determined by clustering protein sequences into homologs. Alternatively, in a “map-to-pan” strategy, pangenome sequences are constructed by combining a well-annotated reference genome with newly identified non-reference representative sequences, from which the presence/absence of a gene is then determined based on read coverage after individual reads are mapped to the pangenome. We highlight the advantages and limitations of the homolog-based strategy and several variant approaches to the “map-to-pan” strategy. We conclude that the “map-to-pan” strategy is highly recommended for eukaryotic pangenome analysis. However, programs and parameters for pangenome analysis need to be carefully selected for eukaryotes with different genome sizes.
What microRNAs could tell us about the human X chromosome
Authors: Di Palo Armando , Siniscalchi Chiara , Salerno Mariacarolina , Russo Aniello , Gravholt Claus Højbjerg , Potenza Nicoletta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNA) are small-non coding RNAs endowed with great regulatory power, thus playing key roles not only in almost all physiological pathways, but also in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Surprisingly, genomic distribution analysis revealed the highest density of miRNA sequences on the X chromosome; this evolutionary conserved mammalian feature equips females with a larger miRNA machinery than males. However, miRNAs contribution to some X-related conditions, properties or functions is still poorly explored. With the aim to support and focus research in the field, this review analyzes the literature and databases about X-linked miRNAs, trying to understand how miRNAs could contribute to emerging gender-biased functions and pathological mechanisms, such as immunity and cancer. A fine map of miRNA sequences on the X chromosome is reported, and their known functions are discussed; in addition, bioinformatics functional analyses of the whole X-linked miRNA targetome (predicted and validated) were performed. The emerging scenario points to different gaps in the knowledge that should be filled with future experimental investigations, also in terms of possible implications and pathological perspectives for X chromosome aneuploidy syndromes, such as Turner and Klinefelter syndromes.
Diffuse hyperkeratotische Papeln am unteren Abdomen und im Genitalbereich bei einem 38‑jährigen Patienten
Authors: Kuntz T. , Mitrakos G. , Koushk-Jalali B. , Oellig F. , Eismann L. , Tigges C. , Kreuter A. 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungBei einem Patienten mit diffusen Angiokeratomen im Bereich des unteren Abdomens und Genitalbereichs konnte mithilfe einer genetischen Untersuchung die Diagnose eines Morbus Fabry gestellt werden. Der Morbus Fabry ist eine X‑chromosomal vererbte Speicherkrankheit mit teilweise schwerwiegenden Multiorganbeteiligungen, unter anderem des Herzens und der Niere. Pathogenetisch liegt ein Mangel des lysosomalen Enzyms α‑Galaktosidase A (α-GAL A) vor. Unbehandelt ist die Lebenserwartung der Patienten besonders durch kardiale Komplikationen verkürzt. Aktuell zugelassene Therapieoptionen sind eine lebenslange Enzymersatztherapie und eine Chaperontherapie.
Understanding the dual-task costs of walking: a StartReact study
Authors: Nonnekes Jorik , Dibilio Valeria , Barthel Claudia , Solis-Escalante Teodoro , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Weerdesteyn Vivian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe need to perform multiple tasks more or less simultaneously is a common occurrence during walking in daily life. Performing tasks simultaneously typically impacts task performance negatively. Hypothetically, such dual-task costs may be explained by a lowered state of preparation due to competition for attentional resources, or alternatively, by a ‘bottleneck’ in response initiation. Here, we investigated both hypotheses by comparing ‘StartReact’ effects during a manual squeezing task under single-task (when seated) and dual-task (when walking) conditions. StartReact is the acceleration of reaction times by a startling stimulation (a startling acoustic stimulus was applied in 25% of trials), attributed to the startling stimulus directly releasing a pre-prepared movement. If dual-task costs are due to a lowered state of preparation, we expected trials both with and without an accompanying startling stimulus to be delayed compared to the single-task condition, whereas we expected only trials without a startling stimulus to be delayed if a bottleneck in response initiation would underlie dual-task costs. Reaction times of the manual squeezing task in the flexor digitorum superficialis and extensor carpi radialis muscle were significantly delayed (approx. 20 ms) when walking compared to the seated position. A startling acoustic stimulus significantly decreased reaction times of the squeezing task (approx. 60 ms) both when walking and sitting. Dual-task costs during walking are, therefore, likely the result of lowered task preparation because of competition for attentional resources.
Response of stratospheric water vapour to CO2 doubling in WACCM
Authors: Wang Tongmei , Zhang Qiong , Kuilman Maartje , Hannachi Abdel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStratospheric water vapour (SWV), as a greenhouse gas, modulates the radiative energy budget of the climate system. It is sensitive to, and plays a significant role in the climate change. In this study, we investigate the SWV response to CO2increase with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). In addition, we study its possible feedback on stratospheric temperature and relevant mechanisms. In our model experiments, the CO2concentration and sea surface temperature (SSTs) are changed at the same time, as well as separately, to enable separating the radiative-photochemical and dynamical response to CO2doubling scenarios. The model results show that the response of SWV to CO2doubling is dominated by the changes in the SSTs, with an increase of the SWV concentration by ~ 6 to 10% in most of the stratosphere and more than 10% in the lower stratosphere, except for winter pole in the lower stratosphere, where the CO2doubling decreases water vapour. The increase of SWV is mostly due to a dynamical response to the warm SSTs. Doubled CO2induces warm SSTs globally and further leads to moist troposphere and a warmer tropical and subtropical tropopause, resulting in more water vapour entering stratosphere from below. As a greenhouse gas, large increase of SWV in the lower stratosphere, in turn, affects the stratospheric temperature, resulting in a warming of the tropical and subtropical lower stratosphere, offsetting the cooling caused by CO2doubling.
The structural differences between patient-derived α-synuclein strains dictate characteristics of Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Van der Perren Anke , Gelders Géraldine , Fenyi Alexis , Bousset Luc , Brito Filipa , Peelaerts Wouter , Van den Haute Chris , Gentleman Steve , Melki Ronald , Baekelandt Veerle 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSynucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), are defined by the presence of α-synuclein (αSYN) aggregates throughout the nervous system but diverge from one another with regard to their clinical and pathological phenotype. The recent generation of pure fibrillar αSYN polymorphs with noticeable differences in structural and phenotypic traits has led to the hypothesis that different αSYN strains may be in part responsible for the heterogeneous nature of synucleinopathies. To further characterize distinct αSYN strains in the human brain, and establish a structure-pathology relationship, we pursued a detailed comparison of αSYN assemblies derived from well-stratified patients with distinct synucleinopathies. We exploited the capacity of αSYN aggregates found in the brain of patients suffering from PD, MSA or DLB to seed and template monomeric human αSYN in vitro via a protein misfolding cyclic amplification assay. A careful comparison of the properties of total brain homogenates and pure in vitro amplified αSYN fibrillar assemblies upon inoculation in cells and in the rat brain demonstrates that the intrinsic structure of αSYN fibrils dictates synucleinopathies characteristics. We report that MSA strains show several similarities with PD strains, but are significantly more potent in inducing motor deficits, nigrostriatal neurodegeneration, αSYN pathology, spreading, and inflammation, reflecting the aggressive nature of this disease. In contrast, DLB strains display no or only very modest neuropathological features under our experimental conditions. Collectively, our data demonstrate a specific signature for PD, MSA, and DLB-derived strains that differs from previously described recombinant strains, with MSA strains provoking the most aggressive phenotype and more similarities with PD compared to DLB strains.
The effect of caffeine on cognitive performance is influenced by CYP1A2 but not ADORA2A genotype, yet neither genotype affects exercise performance in healthy adults
Authors: Carswell Alexander T. , Howland Kevin , Martinez-Gonzalez Borja , Baron Pauline , Davison Glen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the influence of two commonly occurring genetic polymorphisms on exercise, cognitive performance, and caffeine metabolism, after caffeine ingestion.

Methods
Eighteen adults received caffeine or placebo (3 mg kg−1) in a randomised crossover study, with measures of endurance exercise (15-min cycling time trial; 70-min post-supplementation) and cognitive performance (psychomotor vigilance test; PVT; pre, 50 and 95-min post-supplementation). Serum caffeine and paraxanthine were measured (pre, 30 and 120-min post-supplementation), and polymorphisms in ADORA2A (rs5751876) and CYP1A2 (rs762551) genes analysed.

Results
Caffeine enhanced exercise performance (P < 0.001), but effects were not different between participants with ADORA2A ‘high’ (n = 11) vs. ‘low’ (n = 7) sensitivity genotype (+ 6.4 ± 5.8 vs. + 8.2 ± 6.8%), or CYP1A2 ‘fast’ (n = 10) vs. ‘slow’ (n = 8) metabolism genotype (+ 7.2 ± 5.9 vs. + 7.0 ± 6.7%, P > 0.05). Caffeine enhanced PVT performance (P < 0.01). The effect of caffeine was greater for CYP1A2 ‘fast’ vs. ‘slow’ metabolisers for reaction time during exercise (− 18 ± 9 vs. − 1.0 ± 11 ms); fastest 10% reaction time at rest (− 18 ± 11 vs. − 3 ± 15 ms) and lapses at rest (− 3.8 ± 2.7 vs. + 0.4 ± 0.9) (P < 0.05). There were no PVT differences between ADORA2A genotypes (P > 0.05). Serum caffeine and paraxanthine responses were not different between genotypes (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
Caffeine enhanced CYP1A2 ‘fast’ metabolisers’ cognitive performance more than ‘slow’ metabolisers. No other between-genotype differences emerged for the effect of caffeine on exercise or cognitive performance, or metabolism.
An efficient and adaptive test of auditory mental imagery
Authors: Gelding Rebecca W. , Harrison Peter M. C. , Silas Sebastian , Johnson Blake W. , Thompson William F. , Müllensiefen Daniel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ability to silently hear music in the mind has been argued to be fundamental to musicality. Objective measurements of this subjective imagery experience are needed if this link between imagery ability and musicality is to be investigated. However, previous tests of musical imagery either rely on self-report, rely on melodic memory, or do not cater in range of abilities. The Pitch Imagery Arrow Task (PIAT) was designed to address these shortcomings; however, it is impractically long. In this paper, we shorten the PIAT using adaptive testing and automatic item generation. We interrogate the cognitive processes underlying the PIAT through item response modelling. The result is an efficient online test of auditory mental imagery ability (adaptive Pitch Imagery Arrow Task: aPIAT) that takes 8 min to complete, is adaptive to participant’s individual ability, and so can be used to test participants with a range of musical backgrounds. Performance on the aPIAT showed positive moderate-to-strong correlations with measures of non-musical and musical working memory, self-reported musical training, and general musical sophistication. Ability on the task was best predicted by the ability to maintain and manipulate tones in mental imagery, as well as to resist perceptual biases that can lead to incorrect responses. As such, the aPIAT is the ideal tool in which to investigate the relationship between pitch imagery ability and musicality.
Entire solutions to sublinear elliptic problems on harmonic NA groups and Euclidean spaces
Authors: Damek Ewa , Ghardallou Zeineb 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of entire solutions bounded or large of the equation $${\mathcal {L}}u - p\psi (u) =0$$

L
u
-
p
ψ
(
u
)
=
0

, where $${\mathcal {L}}$$
L
is either the Laplace operator on $${\mathbb {R}} ^d$$

R

d

, $$d\ge 3$$

d
≥
3

or the Laplace–Beltrami operator on the harmonic NA group and p is a function whose oscillation tends to zero at infinity at a specified rate. The results apply to noncompact rank one symmetric spaces.
CYP4F2 and CYP3A5 gene polymorphisms and lung cancer in Chinese Han population
Authors: He Ruiqing , Li Meng , Li Anqi , Dang Wenhui , Yang Tian , Li Jing , Zhang Ning , Jin Tianbo , Chen Mingwei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to explore whether the polymorphisms of CYP4F2 and CYP3A5 are correlated with the risk of lung cancer development. A case–control study was conducted among 510 patients with pathologically confirmed lung cancer as the case group and 504 healthy individuals as the control group. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the CYP4F2 and CYP3A5 genes were genotyped, and their correlations with the risk of lung cancer were examined using Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Stratified analysis found that the rs3093105 and rs3093106 loci of CYP4F2 gene were significantly associated with lower risk of lung cancer (P = 0.012, OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.45–0.91). The correlation was related to patients’ age and sex and pathological type of lung cancer. Similarly, the rs10242455 loci of CYP3A5 gene showed a statistical significance between the case group and the control group (P = 0.018, OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53–0.94), which also was associated with reduced risk of squamous cell lung cancer in the dominant and additive models (dominant: OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46–0.94, P = 0.021; additive: OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53–0.95, P = 0.023). CYP4F2 and CYP3A5 gene polymorphisms are associated with the reduced risk of non-small cell lung cancer, and its correlation is related to patients’ age and sex and pathological type of lung cancer.