bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigations of stress‐gas pressure evolution rules of coal and gas outburst: A case study in Dingji coal mine, China
Authors: Zhao Bo , Cao Jie , Sun Haitao , Wen Guangcai , Dai Linchao , Wang Bo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCoal and gas outburst is a potentially fatal risk during the mining of gassy coal seams, which seriously threatens the safe mining of collieries. To understand the outburst mechanism and evolution rules, a new apparatus (LSTT) was developed to conduct simulated experiment. In the context of an outburst accident in Dingji coal mine, the authors launched an authentic outburst experiment to replay the outburst accident. Experimental apparatus, similar criterion, coal‐like materials and gas sources, and experimental design were discussed systematically in this paper. Experimentally, the study analyzed the geo‐stress has significant influence on the outburst evolution. At the driving face, the stress concentration possibly caused gas outburst, under the influence of mining‐induced stress. After the outburst occurred, the stress balance of the coal changed, resulting in the instability of the coal. Furthermore, the elastic energy, gas enthalpy, and gravitational potential energy were released rapidly. The experimental result stated that outburst coal has the sorting characteristics, in line with the field outburst law. The intensity prediction model has been built based on the energy model. Moreover, the factors that impact outburst intensity were analyzed. In the process of coal and gas outburst, the gas enthalpy of gas and the elastic potential of coal are the main energy sources. This study provides guidance for the development of the outburst mechanism and outburst mine management.
Energy‐efficient power allocation for device‐to‐device communications underlaid cellular networks using stochastic geometry
Authors: Zabetian Negar , Mohammadi Abbas , Masoudi Meysam 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we study an energy efficiency maximization problem in uplink for device‐to‐device (D2D) communications underlaid with cellular networks on multiple bands. Utilizing stochastic geometry, we derive closed‐form expressions for the average sum rate, successful transmission probability, and energy efficiency of cellular and D2D users. Then, we formulate an optimization problem to jointly maximize the energy efficiency of D2D and cellular users and obtain optimum transmission power of both D2D and cellular users. In the optimization problem, we guarantee the quality‐of‐service of users by taking into account the success transmission probability on each link. To solve the problem, first we convert the problem into canonical convex form. Afterwards, we solve the problem in two phases: energy efficiency maximization of devices and energy efficiency maximization of cellular users. In the first phase, we maximize the energy efficiency of D2D users and feed the solution to the second phase where we maximize the energy efficiency of cellular users. Simulation results reveal that significant energy efficiency can be attained, eg, 10% energy efficiency improvement compared to fix transmission power in a high‐density scenario.
Kesterson Reservoir: 30 Years of Selenium Risk Assessment and Management
Authors: Ohlendorf Harry M , Santolo Gary M , Byron Earl R , Eisert Marjorie A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Severe effects of selenium (Se) occurred among birds feeding and nesting at Kesterson Reservoir (San Joaquin Valley, California, USA) in 1983 to 1985. This paper describes the integration of site monitoring, risk assessment, and management actions conducted after the effects of Se were discovered. Selenium contamination of the site occurred over just a few years, but actions to resolve the contamination issues required &gt;20 y. The reservoir, a series of 12 ponds totaling about 1280 acres (518 hectares), served for storage and evaporation of subsurface agricultural drainage. Selenium concentrations in reservoir inflow in 1983 were about 300 µg/L, primarily as selenate; within the ponds it was biogeochemically reduced to other inorganic and organic forms and bioaccumulated by biota or deposited to sediments. An estimated 9000 kg of Se were delivered to Kesterson in 1981–1986. A 1985 order required cleanup and abatement of the reservoir, so the United States Bureau of Reclamation and the US Department of the Interior undertook actions and studies to reduce hazards to birds. In 1988, about 1 million cubic yards (764 500 m3) of soil were used to fill portions of the reservoir, transforming it into terrestrial habitat. Intensive monitoring began in 1989 to assess the impact of the reservoir on wildlife, provide a basis for adjusting site management, verify the effectiveness of cleanup actions, and provide a basis for modifying future monitoring. Monitoring continued until 2014, with modifications and management actions based on results of 2 risk assessments (1993 and 2000). Monitoring results in 2013–2014 showed that Se concentrations were relatively stable over time and risks to wildlife were low. From the initial problem discovery to the conclusion of actions taken to remediate the site, combining responsive, reactive, and adaptive monitoring; modeling; risk assessment; and mitigation actions proved effective in solving the problem so that risks to wildlife were reduced to minimal levels. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:257–268. © 2019 SETAC
The housing market and agricultural land dynamics: Appraising with Economic Policy Uncertainty Index
Authors: Alola Andrew Adewale , Uzuner Gizem 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAgricultural land is a main component of the environment and ecological system. Therefore, this study employs the panel cointegration approach to investigate the dynamic relationship between the housing market vis‐à‐vis housing price (hp) and agricultural land (land) of a panel of 15 countries (countries with the gross domestic product–weighted average of the national Economic Policy Uncertainty index) over the period 1997–2015. Additionally, Granger causality approach of Dumitrescu–Hurlin is employed for the investigation. The model adjusts to the long‐run equilibrium with an annual speed of 11% from any situation of disequilibrium and with elasticities of −3.97 and −0.67, respectively, for a land and Global Economic Policy Uncertainty (gepu). Meanwhile, the impact during a short run of gepu is statistically significant and positive on hp, whereas it is not significant for land. Interestingly, the investigation reveals Granger causality from agricultural land to the housing price with feedback. The research presents an indication that policymaker(s) and urbanization stakeholders should be more concern about effective and sustainable long‐term policies. Future anomalies of food scarcity and skyrocketing house prices associated with agricultural land–house price trade‐off challenges could potentially be mitigated by such effective policy frameworks.
The implication of spatial interpolated climate data on biophysical modelling in agricultural systems
Authors: Liu De Li , Ji Fei , Wang Bin , Waters Cathy , Feng Puyu , Darbyshire Rebecca 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSpatial modelling of agricultural production has been more frequently analysed to assist with regional and long‐term planning. Typically, point‐scale crop models are used to construct these analyses with researchers using various sources of input data, including observed and interpolated gridded climate data. Understanding the implication of data choice on production estimates is crucial to appreciate the consequences of selecting methodological approaches for agricultural model outputs. In this study, we compared site observed climate data and gridded data sets interpolated from site observations that are commonly used the Australian climate data set. We assessed the consequences of the differences in climate variables (biases) to the modelled outputs. Our results showed that the major differences between gridded and observed climate data sets were for rainfall variables. Interpolated gridded data tended to have larger rainfall frequency and smaller rainfall intensity, leading to lower surface runoff and higher soil evaporation that caused less plant water uses and less nitrogen uptake, and ultimately resulted in biases in simulated crop biomass and yield. In addition, the results indicated that agricultural models implemented with gridded data could produce similar overall model outputs as those driven by observed climate data, but can result in more uncertainties in simulated spatial outputs. This is particularly evident in regions with high rainfall. Our results showed that applying agricultural models with observed data and then interpolating these results spatially might be the optimal approach to minimize the biases in production modelling outputs and reduce computing time and storage.
An evaluation of COSMO‐CLM regional climate model in simulating precipitation over Central Africa
Authors: Fotso‐Kamga Gabriel , Fotso‐Nguemo Thierry C. , Diallo Ismaila , Yepdo Zéphirin D. , Pokam Wilfried M. , Vondou Derbetini A. , Lenouo André 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, an analysis of present day climate simulation (1998–2008) is presented for the Central African (CA) region with the COnsortium for Small‐scale MOdelling in CLimate Mode (CCLM) regional climate model, forced by the ERA‐Interim (ERAINT) reanalysis data. The ability of the CCLM to simulate the observed precipitation with particular focus on the mean spatial pattern, low‐level circulation, seasonal cycles, and daily characteristics is evaluated. Likewise, the added value of the regional model CCLM compared to the driving ERAINT reanalysis is also investigated. It is shown that ERAINT and CCLM exhibit quite different sign of bias, which is an indication of the importance of internal variability and fine scale processes representation for the simulation of surface climate. Despite the CCLM is constantly dry over southern CA, the model succeeds to reproduce reasonably the mean spatial patterns of precipitation and low‐level circulation features, along with the associated seasonal cycles over the whole CA and majority of the five selected analysis sub‐regions. Results also show that daily precipitation indices are well represented, although the better performance greatly depends on the considered seasons. Nevertheless, CCLM substantially outperforms the ERAINT daily precipitation characteristics, thus highlighting the added value of the downscaling exercise over the region. The analysis of daily precipitation indices also reveals that the dry character of the model could probably be connected to the underestimation of the simulated less intense events, which in turn result to an overestimation of the simulated dry spell duration.
Impact of berry size at harvest on red wine composition: a winemaker's approach
Authors: Gil Cortiella Mariona , Úbeda Cristina , del Barrio‐Galán Rubén , Peña‐Neira Alvaro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDA classical postulate of viticulture declares that small grape berries produce the best red wines. The popularity of this postulate among winemakers leads them to consider berry size at harvest as a tool to measure the grape's potential to obtain great red wines. To address this issue, two vineyards from the same cultivar and subjected to the same physiological conditions during growing were selected for their difference in average grape berry size at harvest. Grapes from both origins were characterized and used for red winemaking by the same way. Release of volatile compounds and phenolic compounds during the alcoholic fermentation was monitored, and the finished wines were chemically characterized.RESULTSLarger grapes have a lower theoretical surface‐to‐volume ratio but have thicker skins and a greater proportion of skins (m/m). Wines made from grapes with a greater proportion of skins contain higher amounts of phenolic compounds, terpenes, volatile acids, acetate esters and polysaccharides.CONCLUSIONAccording to the results, it seems that grape skin extraction is more related to skin proportion than to berry size. Thus not always smaller grapes produce darker red wines. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors and the risk of fractures: A propensity score‐matched cohort study
Authors: Adimadhyam Sruthi , Lee Todd A. , Calip Gregory S. , Smith Marsh Daphne E. , Layden Brian T. , Schumock Glen T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeTo determine the risk of fractures associated with sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) compared with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP4i).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Truven Health MarketScan (2009‐2015) databases. Our cohort included patients newly initiating treatment with SGLT2i or DPP‐4i between 1 April 2013 and 31 March 2015 that were matched 1:1 using high dimensional propensity scores. Patients were followed up in an as‐treated approach starting from initiation of treatment until the earliest of any fracture, treatment discontinuation, disenrollment, or end of data (31 December 2015). Risk of fractures was determined at any time during the follow‐up, early in therapy (1‐14 days of the follow‐up), and later in therapy (15 days and beyond). Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine hazard ratios and robust 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsAfter matching, our cohort included 30 549 patients in each treatment group. Over a median follow‐up of 219 days, there were 745 fractures overall. The most common site for fractures was the foot (32.7%). The effect estimates for fracture risk occurring at any time during follow‐up, early in therapy, and later in therapy were HR 1.11 [95% CI 0.96‐1.28], HR 1.82 [95% CI 0.99‐3.32], and HR 1.07 [95% CI 0.92‐1.24], respectively.ConclusionThere is a possible increase in risk for fractures early in therapy with SGLT2i. Beyond this initial period, SGLT2is had no apparent effect on the incidence of fractures.
Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Methylprednisolone in Neonates Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Hornik Christoph P. , Gonzalez Daniel , Dumond Julie , Wu Huali , Graham Eric M. , Hill Kevin D. , Cohen‐Wolkowiez Michael 
Published: October 2019

Methylprednisolone is used in neonates to modulate cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)–induced inflammation, but optimal dosing and exposure are unknown. We used plasma methylprednisolone and interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐10 concentrations from neonates enrolled in a randomized trial comparing one vs. two doses of methylprednisolone to develop indirect response population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models characterizing the exposure–response relationships. We applied the models to simulate methylprednisolone dosages resulting in the desired IL‐6 and ‐10 exposures, known mediators of CPB‐induced inflammation. A total of 64 neonates (median weight 3.2 kg, range 2.2–4.3) contributed 290 plasma methylprednisolone concentrations (range 1.07–12,700 ng/mL) and IL‐6 (0–681 pg/mL) and IL‐10 (0.1–1125 pg/mL). Methylprednisolone plasma exposure following a single 10 mg/kg intravenous dose inhibited IL‐6 and stimulated IL‐10 production when compared with placebo. Higher (30 mg/kg) or more frequent (twice) dosing did not confer additional benefit. Clinical efficacy studies are needed to evaluate the effect of optimized dosing on outcomes.
Generation of ground‐state structures and electronic properties of ternary AlxTiyNiz clusters (x + y + z = 6) with a two‐stage density functional theory global search approach
Authors: Koh Pin W. , Yoon Tiem L. , Lim Thong L. , Chang Yee H. R. , Goh Eong S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe structural and electronic properties of ternary AlxTiyNiz clusters, where x, y, and z are integers and x + y + z = 6, are investigated. Both Slater, Vosko, Wilks, and Nusair and B3LYP exchange‐correlation (XC) functionals are employed in a two‐stage density functional theory (DFT) calculations to generate these clusters. In the first stage, a minimum energy cluster structure is generated by an unbiased global search algorithm coupled with a DFT code using a light XC functional and small basis sets. In the second stage, the obtained cluster structure is further optimized by another round of global minimization search coupled with a DFT calculator using a heavier XC functional and more costly basis set. Electronic properties of the structures are illustrated in the form of a ternary diagram. Our DFT calculations find that the thermodynamic stability of the clusters increases with the increment in the number of constituent nickel atoms. These results provide a new insight to the structure, stability, chemical order, and electronic properties for the ternary alloy nanoclusters.
Prenatal stem cell therapy for inherited diseases: Past, present, and future treatment strategies
Authors: Ekblad-Nordberg Åsa , Walther-Jallow Lilian , Westgren Magnus , Götherström Cecilia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Imagine the profits in quality of life that can be made by treating inherited diseases early in life, maybe even before birth! Immense cost savings can also be made by treating diseases promptly. Hence, prenatal stem cell therapy holds great promise for developing new and early-stage treatment strategies for several diseases. Successful prenatal stem cell therapy would represent a major step forward in the management of patients with hematological, metabolic, or immunological disorders. However, treatment before birth has several limitations, including ethical issues. In this review, we summarize the past, the present, and the future of prenatal stem cell therapy, which includes an overview of different stem cell types, preclinical studies, and clinical attempts treating various diseases. We also discuss the current challenges and future strategies for prenatal stem cell therapy and also new approaches, which may lead to advancement in the management of patients with severe incurable diseases.

Significance statement This review summarizes the past, the present progress, and the future potential of prenatal stem cell therapy. Recent and previous studies are discussed, focusing on both preclinical and clinical data, highlighting both the drawbacks and the novel findings leading to the progress of prenatal stem cell therapies into the clinic.
Mixed Copper/Copper‐Oxide Anchored Mesoporous Fullerene Nanohybrids as Superior Electrocatalysts toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Saianand Gopalan , Gopalan Anantha‐Iyengar , Lee Jun‐Cheol , Sathish CI. , Gopalakrishnan Kothandam , Unni Gautam Eswaran , Shanbhag Dhanush , Dasireddy Venkata D. B. C. , Yi Jiabao , Xi Shibo , Al‐Muhtaseb Ala'a H. , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDeveloping a highly active, stable, and efficient non‐noble metal‐free functional electrocatalyst to supplant the benchmark Pt/C‐based catalysts in practical fuel cell applications remains a stupendous challenge. A rational strategy is developed to directly anchor highly active and dispersed copper (Cu) nanospecies on mesoporous fullerenes (referred to as Cu‐MFC60) toward enhancing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysis. The preparation of Cu‐MFC60 involves i) the synthesis of ordered MFC60 via the prevalent nanohard templating technique and ii) the postfunctionalization of MFC60 with finely distributed Cu nanospecies through incipient wet impregnation. The concurrence of Cu and cuprous oxide nanoparticles in the as‐developed Cu‐MFC60 samples through relevant material characterizations is affirmed. The optimized ORR catalyst, Cu(15%)‐MFC60, exhibits superior electrocatalytic ORR characteristics with an onset potential of 0.860 vs reversible hydrogen electrode, diffusion‐limiting current density (−5.183 mA cm−2), improved stability, and tolerance to methanol crossover along with a high selectivity (four‐electron transfer). This enhanced ORR performance can be attributed to the rapid mass transfer and abundant active sites owing to the synergistic coupling effects arising from the mixed copper nanospecies and the fullerene framework.
Flexible service consolidation with nested virtualization and library operating systems
Authors: Kourai Kenichi , Sannomiya Kouta 
Published: October 2019

SummaryIn Infrastructure‐as‐a‐service (IaaS) clouds, users can reduce costs by scale‐in or scale‐down when running services are underutilized. Since these optimizations of instance deployment require at least one minimum instance even for running an underutilized service, cost reduction is limited. For further optimization, multiple services can be consolidated into one instance. However, services have to be stopped temporarily at the consolidation time, and isolation between services becomes weaker after the consolidation. To solve these problems, this paper proposes FlexCapsule, which enables seamless and secure service consolidation in existing IaaS clouds. FlexCapsule runs each service in a lightweight virtual machine (VM) called an app VM, using a library operating system. An app VM runs inside an instance using a technique called nested virtualization. FlexCapsule can optimize instance deployment with negligible downtime by flexibly migrating app VMs. Due to strong isolation provided by app VMs, it can guarantee security between consolidated services. In addition, FlexCapsule provides multiprocess support using app VMs by emulating process fork and process pools. We have implemented FlexCapsule in Xen using both fully virtualized OSv and paravirtualized MiniOS. Then, we examined the effectiveness of FlexCapsule using several applications. Due to the premature implementation of nested virtualization in Xen, the performance of app VMs largely degraded, but we believe that the performance could be improved using several existing optimizations.
Performance of engineered cementitious composites under drop‐weight impact: Effect of different mixture parameters
Authors: Yıldırım Gürkan , Khiavi Farhad Emami , Anıl Özgür , Şahin Oğuzhan , Şahmaran Mustafa , Erdem Recep Tuğrul 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCurrent research focuses on the experimental and numerical determination of impact performance of engineered cementitious composites (ECC). Performance assessment of ECC beams with different mixture parameters was made. Mixtures were produced with different replacement rates of Class‐F fly ash and slag with Portland cement, water to binder ratios and fiber types (polyvinyl alcohol [PVA] and nylon [N]). Experimental works were validated with incremental dynamic analyses performed by ABAQUS finite element software. Impact testing results were further supported by mechanical property results. Results reveal that each individual mixture parameter used is distinctively effective in modifying the properties under both sudden impact and slow static loading. In brief, enhanced impact resistance is noted when ECC is produced with slag, low amounts of pozzolanic materials, low W/B ratio, fiber addition and PVA fibers. Experimental results were also in line with the numerical results from ABAQUS largely. Significantly, cost‐effective N fibers were also shown to be fully replaceable with costly PVA fibers without jeopardizing mechanical/impact performance, if mixture design parameters are adjusted suitably. Current research is likely to attract further research on the development of ECC that is with lower cost and comparable impact/mechanical performance with regards to widely studied more expensive counterparts in the literature.