bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saturnin: a suite of lightweight symmetric algorithms for post-quantum security
Authors: Canteaut Anne , Duval Sébastien , Leurent Gaëtan , Naya-Plasencia María , Perrin Léo , Pornin Thomas , Schrottenloher André 
Published: November 2020

The cryptographic algorithms needed to ensure the security of our communications have a cost. For devices with little computing power, whose number is expected to grow significantly with the spread of the Internet of Things (IoT), this cost can be a problem. A simple answer to this problem is a compromise on the security level: through a weaker round function or a smaller number of rounds, the security level can be decreased in order to cheapen the implementation of the cipher. At the same time, quantum computers are expected to disrupt the state of the art in cryptography in the near future. For public-key cryptography, the NIST has organized a dedicated process to standardize new algorithms. The impact of quantum computing is harder to assess in the symmetric case but its study is an active research area.In this paper, we specify a new block cipher, Saturnin, and its usage in different modes to provide hashing and authenticated encryption in such a way that we can rigorously argue its security in the post-quantum setting. Its security analysis follows naturally from that of the AES, while our use of components that are easily implemented in a bitsliced fashion ensures a low cost for our primitives. Our aim is to provide a new lightweight suite of algorithms that performs well on small devices, in particular micro-controllers, while providing a high security level even in the presence of quantum computers. Saturnin is a 256-bit block cipher with a 256-bit key and an additional 9-bit parameter for domain separation. Using it, we built two authenticated ciphers and a hash function.• Saturnin-CTR-Cascade is an authenticated cipher using the counter mode and a separate MAC. It requires two passes over the data but its implementation does not require the inverse block cipher.• Saturnin-Short is an authenticated cipher intended for messages with a length strictly smaller than 128 bits which uses only one call to Saturnin to providenconfidentiality and integrity.• Saturnin-Hash is a 256-bit hash function. In this paper, we specify this suite of algorithms and argue about their security in both the classical and the post-quantum setting.
https://project.inria.fr/saturnin/
SKINNY-AEAD and SKINNY-Hash
Authors: Beierle Christof , Jean Jérémy , Kölbl Stefan , Leander Gregor , Moradi Amir , Peyrin Thomas , Sasaki Yu , Sasdrich Pascal , Sim Siang Meng 
Published: November 2020

We present the family of authenticated encryption schemes SKINNY-AEAD and the family of hashing schemes SKINNY-Hash. All of the schemes employ a member of the SKINNY family of tweakable block ciphers, which was presented at CRYPTO 2016, as the underlying primitive. In particular, for authenticated encryption, we show how to instantiate members of SKINNY in the Deoxys-I-like ΘCB3 framework to fulfill the submission requirements of the NIST lightweight cryptography standardization process. For hashing, we use SKINNY to build a function with larger internal state and employ it in a sponge construction. To highlight the extensive amount of third-party analysis that SKINNY obtained since its publication, we briefly survey the existing cryptanalysis results for SKINNY-128-256 and SKINNY-128-384 as of February 2020. In the last part of the paper, we provide a variety of ASIC implementations of our schemes and propose new simple SKINNY-AEAD and SKINNY-Hash variants with a reduced number of rounds while maintaining a very comfortable security margin.
https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/Lightweight-Cryptography
Prevention programs and prenatal diagnosis for beta thalassemia in Pakistan: a narrative review
Authors: Mahmood Ghafoor  , Muhammad Farooq Sabar  , Furqan Sabir  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Beta thalassemia in Pakistan is a serious health concern with an estimated 5-8% carrier frequency and birth of 5000 major children every year in the country. The treatment of beta thalassemia major patients poses a great economic burden; hence, the ideal approach towards this disease should encompass effective prevention services. At present only one government funded project “Punjab Thalassemia Prevention Program” existed in Punjab province, and providing free of cost services for beta thalassemia screening and prenatal diagnosis. Complete blood count and hemoglobin electrophoresis remains the preliminary test for screening, while chorionic villi sampling and amplification refractory mutation system method have been most widely used for molecular diagnosis of beta thalassemia. Modern molecular techniques, non-invasive prenatal diagnosis, and pre-implantation diagnosis are in trial phases. In this review we have discussed the available diagnostic facilities and status of prevention programs for beta thalassemia in Pakistan as well as future perspectives.Continuous..
O modo de conhecimento do gênio e do santo
Authors: Bassoli Selma 
Published: November 2020

O gênio e o santo são figuras de destaque na filosofia de Schopenhauer, pois a elas é atribuída a capacidade de conhecer de um modo privilegiado, adquirida através de uma modificação na forma como os seres humanos usualmente conhecem. Essa forma de conhecimento se caracteriza por sua independência em relação ao princípio de razão suficiente, que acontece quando o intelecto se liberta do domínio da vontade. A liberdade intelectual pode proporcionar tanto a contemplação estética para o gênio quanto o quietivo da vontade para o santo. O nosso objetivo será mostrar que o quietivo possui um aspecto que o diferencia da contemplação, visto que somente ele caracteriza a negação da vontade de viver, pois esta, ao interromper a afirmação da vontade , promove simultaneamente a destruição do corpo, o qual é considerado o foco a partir do qual a vontade se afirma.
Assessment of anxiety and health-related quality of life in patients with lower extremity peripheral arterial occlusive disease
Authors: Guzelhan Yalcin , Oztas Didem Melis , Conkbayir Cenk , Rodoplu Orhan , Erdinc Ibrahim , Canbay Cagla , Ugurlucan Murat , Alpagut Ufuk , Bozbuga Nilgun 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic occlusive vascular disease on anxiety with adverse outcome with health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Material and methodsThree hundred and thirty-five patients who were treated for peripheral arterial occlusive disease were enrolled in this study. 187 patients who had undergone percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and 148 patients who had one or more surgical revascularizations enrolled in the study. Mean age of the patients was 62.6 ±10 years. Two hundred and eighty-nine patients were male, 46 patients were female. Physical and mental domains of quality of life were measured using the 36-item Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) self-administered questionnaire and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). At baseline 335 patients filled out the SF-36 and STAI, and 304 patients (90.7 % of the series) filled them out at 6-month follow-up.ResultsThere was no mortality and no significant morbidity after vascular interventions in the series. Significant improvement was found in two of eight health domains. The score of social functioning increased to 60.4 from 52.6 (p < 0.03) and general health perception increased to 75.1 from 60.5 (p < 0.04) at 6-month follow-up. The two STAI sub-scores, the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) and the Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T) were found high (≥ 40) both preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Postoperatively there was no significant decrease of the levels of anxiety.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the assessment of psychosocial factors, particularly the ongoing assessment of anxiety, could help in risk stratification and prediction of functional status in patients suffering from lower extremity peripheral arterial occlusive disease.
A preliminary study of coronavirus disease 2019 in China:
the impact of cardiovascular disease on death risk
Authors: Rethemiotaki Irene 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThe primary purpose of this work is to study coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China and to identify the prognostic characteristics of patients with the highest death risk.Material and methodsThe statistical methods used to derive the results of this work are the chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the characteristics of COVID-19 associated deaths. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used with the odds ratio (OR) to find statistically significant prognostic factors with the highest death risk for this type of disease.ResultsAccording to multiple logistic regression analyses, males (OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.48–1.91) who are over 50 years old (OR = 7.2; 95% CI: 1.01–51.6) from Hubei (OR = 7.73; 95% CI: 5.71–10.47) have the highest risk of death from this type of disease. Moreover, individuals who are retirees (OR = 2.83; 95% CI: 2.47–3.25) and had a Wuhan-related exposure (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.68–2.79) have two times higher risk of death from COVID-19, while the risk is thirteen times higher with the comorbid condition “cardiovascular disease” (OR = 13.6; 95% CI: 10.3–17.9).ConclusionsThe results of this study describe for the first time the importance of cardiovascular disease as a primary prognostic risk factor for death from coronavirus disease 2019.
The accuracy of distribution of non-ST elevation electrocardiographic changes in localising the culprit vessel in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Gifft Kristina , Ghadban Rugheed , Assefa Nina , Luebbering Zachary , Allaham Haytham , Enezate Tariq 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionST-segment elevation distribution on electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) accurately localises the culprit vessel. However, the utility of the ECG changes in localising the coronary culprit territory in the setting of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is not well established.Material and methodsThis study included patients presenting with NSTEMI, who had dynamic non-ST elevation ischaemic changes in one or more ECG leads and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a single vessel between October 2011 and November 2017 in a single university hospital institution. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the distribution of ECG changes in localising the culprit vessel were calculated.ResultsThere was a total of 82 patients included in this study, who received PCI to the left anterior descending (LAD), right coronary artery (RCA), and left circumflex (LCX), in 43.9%, 24.4%, and 31.7%, respectively; 51% were male. In this cohort, sensitivity of ECG in localising single-culprit-vessel NSTEMI was 41.5%. The overall accuracy of ECG changes was 50.0%, 72.0%, and 70.0% in LAD, RCA, and LCX distribution, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were 72.2% and 32.6% in LAD distribution, 20% and 88.7% in RCA distribution, and 15.4% and 82.1% in LCX distributions, respectively.ConclusionsIschaemic non-ST elevation ECG changes had modest accuracy in localising the culprit vessel in patients with PCI-treated NSTEMI. These changes were more sensitive in LAD distribution and more specific in RCA and LCX distributions.
Oxidative stress accelerates the carotid atherosclerosis process in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Azouaou Leila Toualbi , Adnane Mounir , Khelfi Abderrezak , Ballouti Wafa , Arab Medina , Toualbi Chahine , Chader Henni , Tahae Ryne , Seba Atmane 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThe atherosclerosis process is highly accelerated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Oxidative stress is considered as one of the pro-atherogenic factors involved in accelerating the atherosclerosis process of the carotid artery. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between oxidative stress markers and the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in CKD patients.Material and methodsThe study was conducted on 162 patients with CKD and 40 controls, and the disease stage was scored between 2 and 5D. Blood samples were taken and advanced oxidative protein product, myeloperoxidases, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glutathione, and oxidised low-density lipoprotein were measured. Furthermore, we studied the correlations between these biomarkers and clinical and para-clinical cardiovascular complications.ResultsThe average age of patients was 56.5 years. The oxidative stress markers average ± SD levels in CKD groups compared to the control were as follows: advanced oxidation protein product (61.89 ±1.4 vs. 26.65 ±1.05 µmol/l), myeloperoxidase (59.89 ±1.98 vs. 38.45 ±1.98 UI/ml), malondialdehyde (6.1 ±0.12 vs. 3.26 ±0.03 µmol/l), nitric oxide (65.82 ±1.06 vs. 52.19 ±2.1 µmol/l), glutathione (52.21 ±1.3 vs. 89.4 ±2.6 IU/ml), and oxLDL (15.57 ±1.07 vs. 1.72 ±0.82 µmol/l). While the glutathione level decrease significantly in advanced CKD stage (p < 0.05), the concentrations of all the other biomarkers increased significantly in accordance with CKD score (p < 0.05).ConclusionsCardiovascular diseases, mainly atherosclerosis, can be diagnosed indirectly by measuring oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, theses markers can be used to predict the progression of CKD, for better management of the disease.
Procalcitonin to C-reactive protein ratio is associated with short-term mortality in ischemic stroke patients: preliminary report
Authors: Cho Jooyoung , Jeong Seri , Lee Jong-Han 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionInflammation is associated with the development and progression of ischemic stroke. In this study, we tested the diagnostic ability of procalcitonin (PCT) to C-reactive protein (CRP) ratio (PC ratio; ×10<sup>-6</sup>) to predict 90-day mortality in ischemic stroke patients.Material and methodsWe retrospectively collected the medical records of patients with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke from February 2008 to January 2018. We analyzed the data of study patients with both PCT and CRP results, and evaluated the relationship between PC ratio and 90-day mortality. Logistic regression was adjusted for confounders and survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier estimation.ResultsA total of 333 patients were analyzed in this study. As compared with the lowest PC ratio quartile (0–2.1), the odds ratios for 90-day mortality were; 1.47 (95% CI: 0.62–4.20) for the 2nd quartile (2.2–6.3, p = 0.440), 2.54 (95% CI: 0.95–5.91) for the 3rd quartile (6.4–19.6, p = 0.048), and 4.10 (95% CI: 1.73–9.80) for the 4th quartile (≥ 19.7, p = 0.002), after adjusting for age, sex, medical history, and laboratory results. A higher PC ratio (≥ 2.2) was associated with higher mortality (p < 0.05) in ischemic stroke patients in Kaplan-Meier estimation, and this was confirmed by the log-rank test (p < 0.001).ConclusionsProcalcitonin to C-reactive protein ratio was found to be positively associated with 90-day mortality in ischemic stroke patients. Our findings indicate that PC ratio may be a useful marker for predicting mortality after ischemic stroke. Further prospective studies are required to investigate and validate the use of PC ratio in clinical practice.
Comprehensive analysis of key lncRNAs in HCV-positive hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Jingqi , Chen Ligang , Pan Jinshui , Chen Meiya , Zhou Jingping , Zhou Fei , Chen Peizhong , Song Yang 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite the therapeutic advances in HCC in the past few decades, the mortality rate of HCC is still high. Hepatitis C (HCV) infection is one of the major etiological risk factors of HCCs. However, the underlying mechanisms of HCV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis remain largely unclear.Material and methodsOur study represented the comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs in HCV-positive HCC for the first time by analyzing the public dataset GSE17856. Co-expression network and gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed the functions of those differentially expressed lncRNAs.ResultsWe identified 256 upregulated lncRNAs and 198 downregulated lncRNAs in HCV- positive HCC compared to the normal liver tissues. Co-expression network and GO analysis showed that these lncRNAs were involved in regulating metabolism, energy pathways, proliferation and the immune response. Seven lncRNAs (LOC341056, CCT6P1, PTTG3P, LOC643387, LOC100133920, C3P1 and C22orf45) were identified as key lncRNAs and co-expressed with more than 100 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HCV-related HCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that higher expression levels of LOC643387, PTTG3P, LOC341056, CCT6P1 and lower expression levels of C3P1 and C22orf45 were associated with shorter survival time in the TCGA dataset.ConclusionsWe believe that this study can provide novel potential therapeutic and prognostic biomarkers for HCV-positive HCC.
Exposure to sexually explicit Internet material among adolescents: a study in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Luot , Tran Thu , Nguyen Thu , Nguyen Dat , Beazley Harriot , Giang Mai 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundWith the influence of Confucian culture, sex is often considered a taboo subject in Vietnam. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of exposure to sexually explicit Internet material (SEIM) among adolescents in Vi-etnam, as well as the factors affecting exposure to SEIM.Participants and procedureThe sample consisted of 886 Vietnamese adolescents (58.10% female) aged 15 to 18 years (M = 16.72, SD = 0.72). The survey was adapted from the study of Van Ouytsel, Ponnet and Walrave to assess the frequen-cy of exposure to SEIM. Several measurement scales of factors affecting exposure to SEIM among adoles-cents were used including the Perceived Realism of SEIM, the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale, the Family Cohesion and the Parental Monitoring Scale.ResultsThe overall prevalence of exposure to SEIM was 84.10%, with a gender difference: 89.80% in males and 80.00% in females. The prevalence of passive exposure to SEIM was 58.30%, higher than 41.70% for active exposure. Perceived realism of SEIM, sexual sensation seeking and Internet usage time for entertainment are factors affecting frequencies of exposure to SEIM among adolescents, with β coefficient values of .29, .18 and .16 respectively.ConclusionsThe majority of children in this study reported SEIM exposure. Parents, schools and other stakeholders should pay attention to sex education for children early on, diversifying forms and subjects of sex education. The con-tent of sex education should emphasize the responsibility in the decisions made by children related to sex.
Is it possible to predict the side of hepatic metastases according to the primary location of colorectal cancer?
Authors: Çoruh Ayşegül Gürsoy , Uzun Çağlar , Bozca Esra , Bozca Büşra , Demir İhsan Batuhan , Atasever Hilal Gülseren , Göçtürk Berna , Bakırarar Batuhan , Akyol Cihangir 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the primary location of colorectal adenocarcinoma on the lobar distribution of its hepatic metastases based on the streamline hypothesis.Material and methodsThe hospital database was utilised to identify the colorectal cancer patients. Eighty-six patients diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma, who had hepatic metastases on the initial diagnostic stage or on the follow-up investigations, were enrolled the study. Computed tomography (CT) images of the study population were reviewed for the primary location of the colorectal tumour, and the side and number of hepatic metastases.ResultsA total of 481 metastases were counted on CT from 22 right-sided and 64 left-sided colon tumours. The ratio of right-to-left hemiliver involvement was 1.97 : 1 for whole study population. The right-to-left ratio was calculated as 1.55 : 1 for right colon tumours and 2.17 : 1 for left colon tumours (p = 0.106). In the subgroup analysis with unilobar metastatic patients, again there was no significant difference in terms of the colorectal tumours’ primary location (p = 0.325).ConclusionsThe lobar distribution of hepatic metastases from colorectal adenocarcinoma may not be associated with the primary tumour localisation
Tracing devastating fires in Portugal to a snow archive in the Swiss Alps: a case study
Authors: Osmont Dimitri , Brugger Sandra , Gilgen Anina , Weber Helga , Sigl Michael , Modini Robin L. , Schwörer Christoph , Tinner Willy , Wunderle Stefan , Schwikowski Margit 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Recent large wildfires, such as those in Portugal in
2017, have devastating impacts on societies, economy, ecosystems and
environments. However, wildfires are a natural phenomenon, which has been
exacerbated by land use during the past millennia. Ice cores are one of the
archives preserving information on fire occurrences over these timescales. A
difficulty is that emission sensitivity of ice cores is often unknown, which
constitutes a source of uncertainty in the interpretation of such archives.
Information from specific and well-documented case studies is therefore
useful to better understand the spatial representation of ice-core burning
records. The wildfires near Pedrógão Grande in central Portugal in
2017 provided a test bed to link a fire event to its footprint left in a
high-alpine snowpack considered a surrogate for high-alpine ice-core sites.
Here, we (1) analysed black carbon (BC) and microscopic charcoal particles
deposited in the snowpack close to the high-alpine research station
Jungfraujoch in the Swiss Alps; (2) calculated backward trajectories based
on ERA-Interim reanalysis data and simulated the transport of these
carbonaceous particles using a global aerosol-climate model; and (3)
analysed the fire spread, its spatial and temporal extent, and its
intensity with remote-sensing (e.g. MODIS) Active Fire and Burned Area products. According to modelled emissions of the FINN v1.6 database, the
fire emitted a total amount of 203.5 t BC from a total burned area of 501 km2 as observed on the basis of satellite fire products. Backward
trajectories unambiguously linked a peak of atmospheric-equivalent BC
observed at the Jungfraujoch research station on 22 June – with
elevated levels until 25 June – with the highly intensive fires in
Portugal. The atmospheric signal is in correspondence with an outstanding
peak in microscopic charcoal observed in the snow layer, depositing nearly
as many charcoal particles as during an average year in other ice archives.
In contrast to charcoal, the amount of atmospheric BC deposited during the
fire episode was minor due to a lack of precipitation. Simulations with a
global aerosol-climate model suggest that the observed microscopic
charcoal particles originated from the fires in Portugal and that their
contribution to the BC signal in snow was negligible. Our study revealed
that microscopic charcoal can be transported over long distances (1500 km)
and that snow and ice archives are much more sensitive to distant events
than sedimentary archives, for which the signal is dominated by local fires.
The findings are important for future ice-core studies as they document
that, for BC as a fire tracer, the signal preservation depends on precipitation.
Single events, like this example, might not be preserved due to unfavourable
meteorological conditions.