bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of rectal dose reduction by a hydrogel spacer among 3D conformal radiotherapy, volumetric-modulated arc therapy, helical tomotherapy, CyberKnife and proton therapy
Authors: Saito Masahide , Suzuki Toshihiro , Sugama Yuya , Marino Kan , Sano Naoki , Komiyama Takafumi , Aoki Shinichi , Maehata Yoshiyasu , Yoshizawa Kazuya , Ashizawa Kazunari , Suzuki Hidekazu , Ueda Koji , Miyasaka Yosuke , Araya Masayuki , Takahashi Hiroshi , Onishi Hiroshi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the rectal dose reduction with hydrogel spacer in 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), helical tomotherapy (HT), CyberKnife (CK) and proton therapy. Twenty patients who had hydrogel spacer for prostate radiotherapy were retrospectively enrolled. Computed tomography (CT) images with or without hydrogel spacer were used to evaluate rectal dose reduction. In total, 200 plans (20 patients × 2 CT images × 5 techniques) were created using the following criteria: 3DCRT, VMAT and HT [76 Gy/38 fractions (Fr), planning target volume (PTV) D50%], CK (36.25 Gy/5 Fr, PTV D95%) and proton therapy (63 GyE/21 Fr, PTV D50%). Rectal dose reduction was evaluated using low-/middle-dose (D20%, D50% and D80%) and high-dose (D2%) ranges. Rectal dose reduction of each dose index was compared for each technique. Significant rectal dose reduction (P &lt; 0.001) between the treatment plans on pre- and post-CT images were achieved for all modalities for D50%, D20% and D2%. In particular, the dose reduction of high-dose (D2%) ranges were −40.61 ± 11.19, −32.44 ± 5.51, −25.90 ± 9.89, −13.63 ± 8.27 and −8.06 ± 4.19%, for proton therapy, CK, HT, VMAT and 3DCRT, respectively. The area under the rectum dose–volume histogram curves were 34.15 ± 3.67 and 34.36 ± 5.24% (P = 0.7841) for 3DCRT with hydrogel spacer and VMAT without hydrogel spacer, respectively. Our results indicated that 3DCRT with hydrogel spacer would reduce the medical cost by replacing the conventional VMAT without spacer for prostate cancer treatment, from the point of view of the rectal dose. For the high-dose gradient region, proton therapy and SBRT with CK showed larger rectal dose reduction than other techniques.
The effect of high nitrogen pressures on the habitable zone and an appraisal of greenhouse states
Authors: Ramirez Ramses M 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
The habitable zone (HZ) is the main tool that mission architectures utilize to select potentially habitable planets for follow-up spectroscopic observation. Given its importance, the precise size and location of the HZ remains a hot topic, as many studies, using a hierarchy of models, have assessed various factors including: atmospheric composition, time, and planetary mass. However, little work has assessed how the HZ changes with variations in background nitrogen pressure, which is directly connected to the habitability and life-bearing potential of planets. Here, I use an advanced energy balance model with clouds to show that our Solar system's HZ is ∼0.9–1.7 au, assuming a 5-bar nitrogen background pressure and a maximum 100 per cent cloud cover at the inner edge. This width is ∼20 per cent wider than the conservative HZ estimate. Similar extensions are calculated for A–M stars. I also show that cooling clouds/hazes and high background pressures can decrease the runaway greenhouse threshold temperature to ∼300 K (or less) for planets orbiting any star type. This is because the associated increase in planetary albedo enables stable climates closer to the star, where rapid destabilization can be triggered from a lower mean surface temperature. Enhanced longwave emission for planets with very high stratospheric temperatures also permits stable climates at smaller orbital distances. The model predicts a runaway greenhouse above ∼330 K for planets orbiting the Sun, which is consistent with previous work. However, moist greenhouses only occur for planets orbiting A-stars.
TERT, a promoter of CNS malignancies
Authors: Patel Bhuvic , Taiwo Rukayat , Kim Albert H , Dunn Gavin P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As cells replicate their DNA during mitosis, telomeres are shortened due to the inherent limitations of the DNA replication process. Maintenance of telomere length is critical for cancer cells to overcome cellular senescence induced by telomere shortening. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is the rate-limiting catalytic subunit of telomerase, an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that lengthens telomeric DNA to maintain telomere homeostasis. TERT promoter mutations, which result in the upregulation of TERT transcription, have been identified in several central nervous system (CNS) tumors, including meningiomas, medulloblastomas, and primary glial neoplasms. Furthermore, TERT promoter hypermethylation, which also results in increased TERT transcription, has been observed in ependymomas and pediatric brain tumors. The high frequency of TERT dysregulation observed in a variety of high-grade cancers makes telomerase activity an attractive target for developing novel therapeutics. In this review, we briefly discuss normal telomere biology, as well as the structure, function, and regulation of TERT in normal human cells. We also highlight the role of TERT in cancer biology, focusing on primary CNS tumors. Finally, we summarize the clinical significance of TERT promoter mutations in cancer, the molecular mechanisms through which these mutations promote oncogenesis, and recent advances in cancer therapies targeting TERT.
Olive oil consumption and its repercussions on lipid metabolism
Authors: Tomé-Carneiro João , Crespo María Carmen , López de las Hazas María Carmen , Visioli Francesco , Dávalos Alberto 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConsumption of highly processed foods, such as those high in trans fats and free sugars, coupled with sedentarism and chronic stress increases the risk of obesity and cardiometabolic disorders, while adherence to a Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with the prevalence of such diseases. Olive oil is the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet. Data accumulated thus far show consumption of extra virgin, (poly)phenol-rich olive oil to be associated with specific health benefits. Of note, recommendations for consumption based on health claims refer to the phenolic content of extra virgin olive oil as beneficial. However, even though foods rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, such as olive oil, are healthier than foods rich in saturated and trans fats, their inordinate use can lead to adverse effects on health. The aim of this review was to summarize the data on olive oil consumption worldwide and to critically examine the literature on the potential adverse effects of olive oil and its main components, particularly any effects on lipid metabolism. As demonstrated by substantial evidence, extra virgin olive oil is healthful and should be preferentially used within the context of a balanced diet, but excessive consumption may lead to adverse consequences.
End-of-Therapy Echocardiography May Not Be Needed in All in Patients With Endocarditis
Authors: Virk Abinash , Schutte Kirsten M , Steckelberg James M , Wilson Walter R , Sinak Lawrence J , Baddour Larry M 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for infective endocarditis (IE) management recommend end-of-therapy (EOT) echocardiography (ETE) to “establish a new baseline” and based on “expert opinion.”MethodsMedical records of IE patients treated between January 2005 and December 2011 were reviewed. Utilization of ETE and cumulative incidence of re-treatment with antimicrobials or cardiovascular surgery (re-Rx/CVS) within 1 year after EOT were evaluated.ResultsA total of 243 patients completed clinical follow-up at EOT and 170 at 1 year after EOT. One hundred seventy-seven of 243 (72.8%) underwent ETE, the majority (51.4%) transthoracic echocardiography. One hundred thirty-three of 177 (75.1%) were without new/worsened signs or symptoms (new/w-SSx). One hundred forty-one of 177 (79.7%) overall and 117/133 (87.9%) patients without new/w-SSx had no new ETE findings as compared with initial echocardiography. Among 36/177 (20.3%) with new ETE findings, 20/36 (55.6%) had new/w-SSx; ETE findings were more likely in patients with new/w-SSx (39.2% vs 8.3%; P &lt; 0.001) at EOT. Patients were at increased risk of re-Rx/CVS with either new ETE findings (hazard ratio [HR], 25.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.64–87.56; P &lt; .001) or new/w-SSx (HR, 5.35; 95% CI, 2.87–9.95; P &lt; .001). The highest risk of re-Rx/CVS was in patients with both new/w-SSx and new ETE findings (HR, 45.94; 95% CI, 19.07–110.71). Conversely, only 7/187 (3.4%) patients without new/w-SSx who had an ETE required re-Rx/CVS.ConclusionsThe majority of patients without new/w-SSx at EOT will not have new ETE findings or need re-Rx/CVS within 1 year after EOT. EOT new/w-SSx is associated with new ETE findings and predicts the need for re-Rx/CVS. Further study is needed to determine whether patients without new/w-SSx need ETE.
Giant right atrium: a long-term complication of rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Abugroun Ashraf , Taha Mohamed , Daoud Hussein , Ibrahim Walid 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Giant right atrium (RA) is a rare entity often seen during childhood due to congenital anomalies. Limited literature has reported such finding in patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease. Here we present a case of a 68-year-old female with a history of rheumatic valve disease treated with a Starr Edwards mechanical ball-in-cage mitral valve replacement and tricuspid valve annuloplasty ring procedures. The patient developed heart failure and had multiple hospital admissions over three decades for heart failure exacerbations mostly triggered by medication and dietary non-compliance. She eventually developed a giant RA that filled most of her thorax. This case demonstrates an extreme form of cardiac remodeling caused by long-term rheumatic valvular heart disease.
An a3-Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery to p3-Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Bypass With Thrombectomy and Trapping of an Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Mascitelli Justin R , Gandhi Sirin , Baranoski Jacob F , Lang Michael J , Lawton Michael T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In situ bypasses to the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) are unusual because, with only one artery in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), no natural intracranial donors parallel its course. In rare cases, the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) may have the tortuosity or redundancy to be mobilized to the AICA to serve as a donor. This video demonstrates this p3 PICA-to-a3 AICA in situ side-to-side bypass. A 75-yr-old woman presented with ataxia and hemiparesis from a large thrombotic right AICA aneurysm compressing the brainstem. Strategy consisted of bypass, trapping, and brainstem decompression. Written informed consent for surgery was obtained from the patient. A hockey-stick incision was made to harvest the occipital artery as a backup donor, but its diminutive caliber precluded its use. The bypass was performed through an extended retrosigmoid craniotomy. The aneurysm was trapped completely and thrombectomized to relieve the pontine mass effect. Indocyanine green videoangiography confirmed patency of the bypass, retrograde filling of the AICA to supply pontine perforators, and no residual aneurysmal filling. This unusual in situ bypass is possible when redundancy of the AICA and PICA allow their approximation in the CPA. The anastomosis is performed lateral to the lower cranial nerves in a relatively open and superficial plane. The extended retrosigmoid approach provides adequate exposure for both the bypass and aneurysm trapping. In situ AICA-PICA bypass enables anterograde and retrograde AICA revascularization with side-to-side anastomosis. The occipital artery-to-AICA bypass and the V3 vertebral artery-to-AICA interpositional bypass are alternatives when intracranial anatomy is unfavorable for this in situ bypass.
1–6
Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Opiate of the Masses? Inequality, Religion, and Political Ideology in the United States
Authors: Schnabel Landon 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study considers the assertion that religion is the opiate of the masses. Using a special module of the General Social Survey, I first demonstrate that religion functions as a compensatory resource for structurally disadvantaged groups—women, racial minorities, those with lower incomes, and, to a lesser extent, sexual minorities. I then demonstrate that religion—operating as both compensatory resource and values-shaping schema—suppresses what would otherwise be larger group differences in political ideology. This study provides empirical support for the general “opiate” claim that religion is the “sigh of the oppressed creature” and suppressor of emancipatory political values. I expand and refine the theory, however, showing how religion provides (1) compensatory resources for lack of social, and not just economic, status, and (2) traditional-values-oriented schemas that, rather than just distracting people, shape their politics in accordance with the content of religious belief systems.
Neurosensory Screening and Symptom Provocation in Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Mayer Andrew R. , Wertz Christopher J. , Robertson-Benta Cidney R. , Pabbathi Reddy Sharvani , Stephenson David D. , Dodd Andrew B. , Oglesbee Scott J. , Bedrick Edward J. , Master Christina L. , Grady Mathew , Shaff Nicholas A. , Hanlon Faith M. , Campbell Richard A. , Phillips John P. , Zemek Roger L. , Yeates Keith Owen , Meier Timothy B. , Mannix Rebekah , Leddy John J. , Arbogast Kristy B. , Park Grace 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
To evaluate diagnostic/prognostic implications of neurosensory testing during the subacute stage in patients with pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (pmTBI).

Setting:
Recruitment from pediatric emergency department and urgent care clinics, assessment in a controlled environment.

Participants:
In total, 146 pmTBI patients evaluated 7.4 ± 2.3 days and approximately 4 months postinjury; 104 age/sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) at equivalent time points.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Main Measures:
Neurosensory examination based on sequence of 10 established tests of vestibular-ocular, oculomotor, vestibulospinal, and visual functioning.

Results:
The amount of symptom provocation (positive change from pretest symptomatology) was significantly increased in pmTBI relative to HCs on every subtest 1 week postinjury, as were deficits in monocular accommodative amplitude and King-Devick Test errors. However, symptom provocation did not meaningfully alter diagnostic sensitivity/specificity relative to more easily obtained pretest symptom ratings. Evidence of clinically significant symptom provocation 1 week postinjury improved sensitivity (Δ = +12.9%) of identifying patients with persistent postconcussive symptoms 4 months postinjury on an independent symptom measure.

Conclusions:
The diagnostic sensitivity/specificity of neurosensory testing in acutely concussed youth may be limited at 1 week postinjury as a function of natural recovery occurring in most emergency department cohorts. Neurosensory screening may have greater utility for identifying patients who experience delayed recovery.
The Association Between Community Participation and Social Internet Use Among Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Ketchum Jessica M. , Sevigny Mitch , Hart Tessa , O'Neil-Pirozzi Therese M. , Sander Angelle M. , Juengst Shannon B. , Bergquist Thomas F. , Dreer Laura E. , Whiteneck Gale G. 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
To examine the association between social Internet use and real-world societal participation in survivors of moderate-severe traumatic brain injury.

Design:
Prospective cross-sectional observational study.

Setting:
Ten Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Centers.

Participants:
A total of 331 participants in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems, interviewed at any follow-up year between April 2014 and March 2015.

Main Measures:
Survey on Internet use, including social media and other online socialization; Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools—Objective with separate analyses of Productivity, Social Relations, Out and About subscales; covariates included demographics, injury variables, and functional and emotional status at follow-up.

Results:
Participants were classified as social Internet users (N = 232) or nonusers (N = 99). Users had significantly higher Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools—Objective Social Relations scores than nonusers. A similar finding pertained to Out and About scores, with the between-group difference significantly greater for those with greater depressive symptoms severity. Users and nonusers did not differ significantly on Productivity subscale.

Conclusions:
The positive association between social Internet use and real-world social participation suggests that people with traumatic brain injury do not use social media as an alternative to real-world socialization. Rather, it is likely that similar barriers and facilitators affect both online and real-world social participation following traumatic brain injury. Emotional function should be considered as a moderating factor in further studies.
Emergency Department Care of the Post-Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Patient
Authors: Sacchetti Alfred 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Metabolic and bariatric surgical procedures have increased in the pediatric-age population over the past decade. Three operations, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, vertical sleeve gastrectomy, and Roux-en Y gastric bypass, are the most commonly performed procedures for weight reduction. This article will examine the specifics of each procedure along with the complications associated with any metabolic or bariatric surgery. Complications unique to each operation will be reviewed as well as recommendations for the management of these patients.
Changes in Emotional Vitality as a Predictor of Levels and Change in Allostatic Load: Longitudinal Results From the Whitehall II Cohort Study
Authors: Deen Laura , Dich Nadya , Head Jenny , Clark Alice Jessie 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
Increasing evidence has shown an association between reduced psychological well-being and long-term morbidity. However, longitudinal studies addressing potential biobehavioral mechanisms, such as physiological function, are lacking. The aim of this study is to examine the association between changes in emotional vitality on levels and changes in allostatic load (AL), a measure of multisystem physiological dysregulation, as well as its composite risk markers.

Methods
Participants comprised 5919 British civil servants from phases 3, 5, and 7 of the Whitehall II study. Psychological well-being was operationalized as emotional vitality. AL was measured using nine biomarkers of the cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune system. Linear mixed-effect models were used to determine the association between changes in emotional vitality between phases 3 and 5 and subsequent levels and change in AL from phases 5 to 7. Generalized linear models were used to address the association between changes in emotional vitality and individual risk markers.

Results
Increase in emotional vitality was associated with a lower mean level of AL, whereas the AL slope was not markedly affected. Among the included risk markers, only interleukin-6 was weakly associated with changes in emotional vitality, with a 7% reduced risk of high levels of interleukin-6 per one-unit increase in emotional vitality.

Conclusion
This study found that an increase in emotional vitality was associated with subsequent lower levels, but not rate of change, of AL over time. Further research is needed to address the relationship between trajectories of psychological well-being and physiological dysregulation.
Quality and Safety in Healthcare, Part LXIV
Authors: Harolds Jay A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Burnout and other causes of a lack of well-being among radiology residents are a major problem. The American College of Radiology has developed a “Well-being Curriculum for Radiology Residency Programs,” which has many suggestions that should be helpful to residents in multiple specialties. The American College of Radiology is also collecting data on well-being in order to get benchmarking data and try to find out why some programs have more problems with decreased well-being than other programs. Wellness newsletters, providing social opportunities, insisting on professional behavior for all, fairness in work distribution, night float schedules, willingness to be flexible with work schedules, and retreats have also been advocated.
FDG Uptake in the Basal Forebrain as Measured by Digital High-Resolution PET Is a Promising Marker of Basal Forebrain Degeneration in the Lewy Body Disease Spectrum
Authors: Özden Cansu , Frings Lars , Apostolova Ivayla , Lange Catharina , Klutmann Susanne , Adam Gerhard , Bannas Peter , Meyer Philipp T. , Grothe Michel J. , Buchert Ralph 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Cognitive decline in diseases of the Lewy body spectrum (LBS) is linked to dysfunction/degeneration of the basal forebrain (BF). Assessment of glucose metabolism in the BF by FDG PET is hampered by the small size of the BF and limited spatial resolution of conventional PET. This pilot study tested the feasibility of assessing BF glucose metabolism by high-resolution digital PET (dPET).

Patients and Methods
The retrospective study included 12 LBS patients (61–86 years, 5 demented). Whole-brain stereotactic normalization to anatomical standard space was followed by local stereotactic normalization of a 7 × 7 × 7-cm3 box around the BF to a custom-made 1 × 1 × 1-mm3 FDG dPET template. FDG uptake was scaled voxelwise to mean FDG uptake in the pons. Scaled FDG uptake in the BF was compared between demented and nondemented LBS patients and tested for correlation with cortical FDG uptake.

Results
Scaled FDG uptake in the BF was significantly lower in demented compared with nondemented patients (1.14 ± 0.09 vs 1.25 ± 0.06, P = 0.031). Brain-wide voxel-based testing for correlations with scaled FDG uptake in the BF revealed a large cluster comprising medial and ventrolateral frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, and striatum as well as smaller clusters in motor cortex and occipital cortex (P < 0.001, uncorrected).

Conclusions
These results suggest that dementia-associated BF degeneration in LBS can be sensitively measured as reduced BF FDG uptake on dPET. More accurate delineation of the BF based on individual high-resolution MRI might be useful to make optimal use of improved spatial resolution of dPET and to correct for possible disease- and age-dependent partial volume effects.
Myelodysplastic Syndrome Presenting With Diffuse Bone Marrow Uptake on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT
Authors: Arslan İpek , Demirci Emre , Özkara Selvinaz , Taşdelen Neslihan , Alan Selçuk Nalan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We present the case of a 67-year-old man with prostate cancer who had no findings of recurrence, except diffuse radiotracer uptake in the bone marrow in 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. Bone marrow uptake was also represented as multiple focal increased spots without any corresponding lytic or sclerotic lesions in CT. MRI revealed a high and homogeneous T2 signal within the bone marrow, without any contrast-enhanced or diffusion-restricted lesions. Further workup, including a bone marrow biopsy, revealed the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome.