bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat and mass transport analysis of the drying of freshwater fishes by a forced convective air‐dryer
Authors: Khan M. Arif , Moradipour Mahsa , Obeidullah Md. , Quader A. K. M. Abdul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe drying behavior of different freshwater fishes (with/without scales) is investigated using a simple convective heated air dryer. Drying processes are analyzed to study the kinetics of drying, shrinkage dependent variable effective diffusivity, convective heat and mass transport, and the energy aspect of drying. Among the drying kinetic models, Hasibuan–Daud and Haghi–Angiz‐I models produce the best fit for fishes with scales and Hii model produces the best fit for fish without scales. Diffusion analysis performed based on simplified solution of Fick's diffusion equation shows higher effective diffusivity for fish without scales, proving additional barrier from scales (for fish with scales) that need to be considered during dryer design. Calculated instantaneous heat and mass transfer coefficients (different for fish with or without scales) also agree with this observation, accentuating the difference based on scales. Drying process for all fishes obeys the heat‐mass transfer correlation. Estimated parameters such as effective diffusivity (0.2–1 × 10−9 m2/s) and convective heat and mass transfer coefficients (7–14 W/m2/K and 2.8–4.5 × 10−6 m/s, respectively) can be utilized in designing different fish drying systems. Average and instantaneous total energy consumption, specific moisture extraction ratio, and specific energy consumption are evaluated in order to provide a comprehensive picture of the drying process.Practical ApplicationsFresh‐ and salt‐water fishes account for major sources of protein‐rich food for substantial parts of the population in underdeveloped and developing nations. To circumvent the wastage associated with microbial contaminations during prolific seasons, fish drying has been widely employed as a way of preserving this perishable food. Convective drying of agricultural products as well as marine foods is a commonly employed drying method for food preservation. This study investigates the drying behavior of three different freshwater fishes using an in‐house constructed forced convective air dryer. The experimental drying characteristics and estimated parameters by model fitting during fish drying will be particularly applicable in the wide field of fish drying. The outcome of this study can also be utilized for more effectively designing and evaluating low‐cost convective fish dryers.
Catechol‐O‐Methyltransferase Genotype, Frailty, and Gait Speed in a Biracial Cohort of Older Adults
Authors: Mance Shannon , Rosso Andrea , Bis Joshua , Studenski Stephanie , Bohnen Nico , Rosano Caterina 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVETo examine whether the association between dopamine‐related genotype and gait speed differs according to frailty status or race.DESIGNCross‐sectional population‐based study (Cardiovascular Health Study).SETTINGMulticenter study, four U.S. sites.PARTICIPANTSVolunteer community‐dwelling adults aged 65 years and older, without evidence of Parkinsonʼs disease (N = 3,744; 71 years; 82% White; 39% male).MEASUREMENTSGait speed (usual pace; m/s), physical frailty (Fried definition), and genetic polymorphism of catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT; rs4680), an enzyme regulating tonic brain dopamine levels, were assessed. Interaction of COMT by frailty and by race predicting gait speed were tested, and, if significant, analyses were stratified. Multivariable regression models of COMT predicting gait speed were adjusted for demographics and locomotor risk factors. Sensitivity analyses were repeated, stratified by clinical cutoffs of gait speed (0.6 and 1.0 m/s) instead of frailty status.RESULTSThe interaction of COMT by frailty and COMT by race were P = .02 and P = .01, respectively. Compared with Met/Met (higher dopaminergic signaling), the Val/Val group (lower dopaminergic signaling) walked marginally more slowly in the full cohort (0.87 vs 0.89 m/s; P = .2). Gait speed differences were significant for frail (n = 220; 0.55 vs 0.63 m/s; P = .03), but not for prefrail (n = 1,691; 0.81 vs 0.81 m/s; P = .9) or nonfrail (n = 1,833; 0.98 vs 0.97 m/s; P = .7); results were similar in fully adjusted models. Among frail, associations were similar for Whites and Blacks, with statistical significance for Whites only. Associations stratified by clinical cutoffs of gait speed were not significant.CONCLUSIONThe association of dopamine‐related genotype with gait speed is stronger among adults with frailty compared with those without frailty. The potential effects of dopaminergic signaling on preserving physical function in biracial cohorts of frail adults should be further examined.
Kidney Function Modifies the Effect of Intraoperative Opioid Dosage on Postoperative Delirium
Authors: Davani Arman B. , Snyder Scott H. , Oh Esther S. , Mears Simon C. , Crews Deidra C. , Wang Nae‐Yuh , Sieber Frederick E. 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUNDThere are few studies demonstrating how kidney function affects the risk of developing delirium in older adult surgical patients administered opioids. This study determined whether baseline kidney function influences the relationship between morphine equivalent dose and the development of delirium on postoperative day (POD) 2 in patients with hip fracture.METHODSThis retrospective study analyzed emergency department (ED) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), perioperative serum creatinine, intravenous morphine equivalents, and POD2 delirium assessment by the Confusion Assessment Method in 652 patients aged 65 years or older without preoperative delirium. ED eGFR was used to divide subjects into groups by presence or absence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and associations of opioid dose with POD2 delirium were compared using multivariable logistic regression.RESULTSPOD2 delirium incidence was 29.8% (N = 194). Intraoperative and postanesthesia care unit (PACU) morphine equivalent dosage as well as ED eGFR were similar comparing patients with and without POD2 delirium. Age, American Society of Anesthesiologists status, and dementia were associated with delirium on POD2. The odds of POD2 delirium increased significantly with increase of intraoperative opioid in patients with CKD (odds ratio = 1.6; 95% confidence interval = 1.2–2.2), but not in patients without CKD (P‐interaction = .04). PACU or POD1 opioid doses were not associated with POD2 delirium after covariate adjustment.CONCLUSIONThis study suggests that incremental increases in intraoperative opioids combined with CKD increase odds of POD2 delirium after hip fracture repair, compared with patients without CKD.
Arginine supplementation in plant‐rich diets affects growth, feed utilization, body composition, blood biochemical indices and gene expressions of the target of rapamycin signaling pathway in juvenile Asian red‐tailed catfish (Hemibagrus wyckoiides)
Authors: Gu Dahai , Zhao Jingying , Limbu Samwel Mchele , Liang Yunan , Deng Junming , Bi Baoliang , Kong Lingfu , Yan Hui , Wang Xiaowen , Hu Qing , Gao Yu , Jia Dan , Rong Hua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractArginine (Arg) is an important essential amino acid required for optimum fish growth. However, its role in plant‐rich diets on growth and the required level in juvenile Hemibagrus wyckioides are currently unknown. This study evaluated the effects of Arg supplementation in plant‐rich diets on growth, feed utilization, whole body composition, blood biochemical indicators and gene expressions of the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway in juvenile H. wyckioides. A total of 450 fish (6.40 ± 0.06 g) were randomized into six equal groups and fed on diets with graded Arg levels: 0 (control), 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 g/kg of dry feed for eight weeks. The results revealed that specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio of juvenile H. wyckioides were significantly improved and reduced, respectively in fish fed on 9 g/kg of Arg supplementation (p < .05). The optimum amount of dietary Arg content in plant‐rich diets for H. wyckioides was 63.77 g/kg diet based on SGR. Feeding fish with dietary Arg supplementation ranging from 9 to 12 g/kg improved significantly (p < .05) whole body protein contents and decreased lipid deposition. The mRNA levels of TOR, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (4EBP) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) in muscle and liver were significantly affected by increasing dietary Arg levels. Meanwhile, the mRNA relative expression levels of TOR and S6K1 in the liver and muscle increased significantly as Arg supplementation increased. On the other hand, the mRNA relative expression levels of 4EBP was significantly higher in fish fed on the 9 g/kg Arg diet compared to those fed on the control and 15 g/kg Arg diets. In conclusion, our current results indicate that dietary Arg supplementation in plant‐rich diets, might activate the TOR signaling pathway, which promotes protein synthesis and reduces lipid accumulation of H. wyckioides, resulting in improved growth.
Reflections about Newman and Wittgenstein on Knowledge, Certainty and Language
Authors: McHugh Paul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn breaking out from the analytic paradigm of certainty, St John Henry Newman is credited with keeping channels open for new streams of thought to irrigate philosophy in the century after his. Contemporary commentators sometimes see themes in Newman that anticipate ones taken up by Wittgenstein after him. This paper explores some simple convergences and divergences between Newman's and Wittgenstein's tendency of thought. It draws mainly on Newman's philosophical writings, in such as the Oxford University Sermons and the Grammar of Assent, and from Wittgenstein's mid to later writings, from such works as The Blue Book, Philosophical Investigations and, of course, On Certainty. It argues that Newman's attention to speech as distinct from the rest of what might be called language is critical. This paper eventually challenges the assumption that Wittgenstein has provided the last word on approaches to knowledge such as Locke's. Instead, it proposes that within Newman there is already a more powerful critique, one that would cast Wittgenstein as the last protesting exemplar of an approach he is thought to have dismantled.
Multiple rapid swallows and rapid drink challenge in patients with esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction on high‐resolution manometry
Authors: Krause Amanda J. , Su Hui , Triggs Joseph R. , Beveridge Claire , Baumann Alexandra J. , Donnan Erica , Pandolfino John E. , Carlson Dustin A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEsophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) as defined by Chicago Classification of esophageal motility disorders (CCv3.0) encompasses a broad range of diagnoses, thus posing clinical challenges. Our aims were to evaluate multiple rapid swallow (MRS) and rapid drink challenge (RDC) during high‐resolution manometry (HRM) to aid identifying clinically relevant EGJOO.MethodsPatients with a HRM diagnosis of EGJOO based on CCv3.0 that also completed MRS and RDC during HRM and barium esophagram were retrospectively identified. Radiographic EGJOO (RAD‐EGJOO) was defined by either liquid barium retention or delayed passage of a barium tablet on barium esophagram. Thirty healthy asymptomatic controls that completed HRM were also included. MRS involved drinking 2 mL for 5 successive swallows. RDC involved rapid drinking of 200 mL liquid. Integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) and presence of panesophageal pressurization (PEP) during MRS and RDC were assessed.Key ResultsOne hundred one patients, mean (SD) age 56 (16) years, were included; 32% had RAD‐EGJOO, 68% did not. RAD‐EGJOO patients more frequently had elevated (>12 mmHg) upright IRP (100%), MRS‐IRP (56%), RDC‐IRP (53%), and PEP during RDC (66%) than both controls [17%; 0%; 7%; 3%] and patients without RAD‐EGJOO [83%; 35%; 39%; 41%] Having IRP >12 mmHg during both MRS and RDC was twice as likely to be associated with RAD‐EGJOO (19%) than those without RAD‐EGJOO (9%) among patients with upright IRP >12 mmHg.Conclusions and InferencesAdjunctive HRM maneuvers MRS and RDC appear to help identify clinically significant EGJOO. While future outcome studies are needed, comprehensive multimodal evaluation helps clarify relevance of EGJOO on HRM.
Statistical modeling of monthly rainfall variability in Soummam watershed of Algeria, between 1967 and 2018
Authors: Aieb Amir , Lefsih Khalef , Scarpa Marco , Bonaccorso Brunella , Cicero Nicola , Mimeche Omar , Madani Khodir 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe monthly precipitations obtained during 51 years of measurement in 24 stations of Soummam watershed in Algeria were analyzed to describe rainfall trends and aridity state of the area using statistical modeling. The choice of distribution laws was justified by comparing fitting results of different distributions laws used in literature reviews. Hence, the p values proved that Generalized Extreme Value, Weibull (3) and Logistic the distribution law are more adequate to analyze rainfall frequencies in different part of the watershed. The diagnostic given by Q‐Q plot, P‐P plot and survival regression curve showed the period of wetness and dryness in the northeastern and the southwestern part of the watershed, respectively. Moreover, the study given by the De Martonne index explains the consequences of climate change by a new form of aridity in the watershed between 1994 and 2018.Recommendations for Resource Managers

The annual rainfall of Soummam watershed has a moderate and irregular rainfall distribution between 1967 and 2018.
Using distribution function on monthly rainfall in each bioclimatic floor to analyze the trend of rainfall frequency gives a spatio‐temporal description of climate in the area.
Fitting by Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test allows us to choose generalized extreme value, Weibull (3) and Logistic for modeling monthly rainfall variability in each part of the watershed.
The diagnostic obtained by P‐P plot, Q‐Q plot and survival regression curve proved a change of aridity in the northeastern and southwestern part of the watershed between 1994 and 2018.
Effectiveness of Multi‐Modal Blood Management in Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy and Periacetabular Osteotomy with Proximal Femoral Osteotomy
Authors: Shang Ji‐jun , Zhang Zhen‐dong , Luo Dian‐zhong , Cheng Hui , Zhang Hong 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveBernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO), an effective treatment for patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), is characterized by wide exposure, cancellous bone surgery, and difficult techniques. In addition, the hip joint is deep and of rich muscles and neurovascular supply, which significantly increases bleeding. For patients who had combined proximal femoral osteotomy (PFO), the blood loss may be tremendous. The blood management for PAO is still challenging. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of multi‐modal blood management for PAO and PAO combined with PFO.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated patients who had PAO with or without combined procedures from June 2010 to December 2018 in our department. The multi‐modal blood management protocol included three parts: (i) pre‐operation – autologous component blood donation and iron supplement/erythropoietin; (ii) during operation – controlled hypotension anesthesia, intraoperative auto‐blood transfusion, tranexamic acid (20 mg/kg, IV / 0.5 g local), and standardized surgical procedure to shorten surgical time; and (iii) post‐operation – no drainage used, selective allo‐blood transfusion, and ice packing technique. As the lacking of the above standard blood management protocol during PAO or PAO + PFO initially, we divided all the patients into three groups: Group A (PAO) – before protocol started, 74 hips; Group B (PAO) – after protocol finalized, 178 hips; Group C (PAO + PFO) – after protocol finalized, 55 hips. The intraoperative blood loss, surgical time, allo‐transfusion rate, pre‐ and postoperative hemoglobin were compared among groups.ResultsBoth the general characteristics and preoperative hemoglobin were comparable among the three groups (P < 0.001). The intraoperative blood loss was 797.1 ± 312.2, 381.7 ± 144.0 and 544.1 ± 249.1 mL, respectively. The surgical time was 109.6 ± 18.5, 80.2 ± 20.0 and 154.3 ± 44.7 min, respectively. The allo‐transfusion rate was 86.5%, 0%, and 2%, respectively. The mean decreased value of hemoglobin on the first postoperative day of group B and group C was greater than that of group A, which was associated with the higher allo‐transfusion rate of group A. However, on the third postoperative day, the mean decreased value of hemoglobin of group B was less than that of group A and group C.ConclusionPerioperative multi‐modal blood management for PAO or PAO + PFO can significantly decrease intraoperative blood loss, reduce allo‐transfusion rate from over 80% to 0%, and ensure the rapid recovery of postoperative hemoglobin level.
Long‐term outcome after liver transplantation in children with type 1 glycogen storage disease
Authors: Yuen Wing Yan , Quak Seng Hock , Aw Marion M. , Karthik Sivaramakrishnan Venkatesh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPatients with GSD type 1 (von Gierke disease) are initially managed medically to maintain normoglycemia. However, if they do not achieve good metabolic control, LT is then considered. We describe the long‐term outcome of 6 children with GSD type 1 who underwent LT. Retrospective chart review of the data of 6 children with GSD type 1 who underwent LT at National University Hospital, Singapore, from May 1998 to October 2018, was performed. The median (IQR) age at diagnosis of the GSD was 1 year (0.92‐5.50) and at transplant was 13.88 years (11.46‐16.38). All of the patients had elevated liver enzymes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperlactatemia prior to transplant. All of the patients are alive at the time of analysis and follow‐up. None of them required a re‐transplant. For the three patients who had hypoglycemia pretransplant, there was no recurrence post‐transplant. All of the patients had normalization of liver enzymes by 1 year post‐transplant. Long‐term outcome of patients with GSD who underwent LT has been positive with improvement in metabolic control for most patients. We report the unusual finding of two siblings with persistent hyperuricemia post‐transplant requiring allopurinol.
The impact of regular bisoprolol on the response to salbutamol in asthma: A double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled crossover trial
Authors: Bennett Miriam R. , Chang Catherina L. , Tuffery Chris , Hopping Sandra , Hancox Robert J. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveNon‐selective beta‐blockers impair the bronchodilator response to beta2‐agonists. Cardio‐selective beta1‐blockers are less likely to cause this effect, yet they remain relatively contraindicated in asthma. We investigated whether the response to salbutamol is impaired during cardio‐selective beta1‐blocker treatment in people with asthma.MethodsA random‐order, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, non‐inferiority, crossover study was conducted comparing up to 5 mg bisoprolol daily for 2 weeks with matching placebo, with an open‐label extension of up to 10 mg bisoprolol daily. After each treatment period, mannitol was inhaled to induce bronchoconstriction with a 15% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Immediately after mannitol challenge, salbutamol (100, 100 and 200 μg) was administered via spacer at 5‐min intervals with repeated FEV1 measures. The FEV1 recovery with salbutamol was measured as an area under recovery curve (AUC). Based on earlier research, a clinically relevant non‐inferiority limit of a 30% reduction in the AUC was set.ResultsA total of 19 adults with mild asthma and positive inhaled mannitol challenge completed the study. Adjusting for the FEV1 fall induced by mannitol and treatment sequence, the mean AUC response to salbutamol after bisoprolol was 5% lower than after placebo, with a one‐sided 95% confidence interval (CI) of 26% lower. Thirteen participants completed the open‐label extension up to 10 mg bisoprolol daily with mean AUC 11% higher after bisoprolol with a 95% CI of 5% lower.ConclusionThe bronchodilator response to rescue salbutamol after mannitol‐induced bronchoconstriction is non‐inferior during regular treatment with the cardio‐selective beta1‐blocker, bisoprolol, compared to placebo.Clinical Trial Registration: ACTRN12618000306213 at https://www.anzctr.org.au
Quantification of evolving moisture profiles in concrete samples subjected to temperature gradient by means of rapid neutron tomography: Influence of boundary conditions, hygro‐thermal loading history and spalling mitigation additives
Authors: Tengattini A. , Dal Pont S. , Cheikh Sleiman H. , Kisuka F. , Briffaut M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConcrete has a tendency to spall, that is, to eject layers when subjected to high temperatures. This is an erratic phenomenon, and our understanding of the underlying physical process is still limited. A driving process is moisture transfer, whose experimental investigation has so far mostly been limited to macroscopic or point‐wise observations, limiting both our understanding and the validation of the proposed models. In this paper, a non‐contact technique, neutron imaging, is used to extract a the full‐field distribution of moisture in 3D and in real time, while the concrete is heated at high temperatures. This reveals a number of processes often underestimated or ignored in the traditional experimental approaches reported in the literature. Notably, the effect on the evolving moisture profiles of varying heating rates for multiple insulation techniques as well the strong influence of the addition of spalling‐mitigating additives is presented. The first ever example of neutron tomography of a spalled sample is also reported, and some preliminary analyses of the effect that moisture clog formation and heating rates have on it are revealed.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of the width, thickness, and length of the normal linea alba in standing and dorsal recumbent horses
Authors: Verkade Maria E. , Suthers Joanna , Wiemer Peter , Martens Ann , De Clercq Eva , Burford John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the variability in length, width, and thickness of the equine linea alba (LA) and the effect of a standing vs dorsal recumbent position on these measurements.Study designDescriptive anatomical comparative study.AnimalsStanding horses (N = 75; in 30 horses, measurements were obtained in dorsal recumbency first and repeated after horses were standing).MethodsLinea alba length was measured in standing position from xiphoid to umbilicus, and transverse ultrasonographic images were obtained at five reference points to measure LA width and thickness. In 30 horses, measurements were obtained in dorsal recumbency first and repeated after horses were standing.ResultsThere was wide variation in LA width and thickness between standing horses, with gradual increase from xiphoid (range, 0.14‐0.64 cm) to umbilicus (range, 0.2‐2.97 cm). Linea alba length in standing position was 51.09 ± 6.219 cm. Width was independent of the size of the horse; thickness and length were correlated at some reference points to height (r = 0.346‐585, P < .05) and weight (r = 0.324‐0.642, P < .05). Different LA shapes could be identified. In dorsal recumbency, the LA was smaller in width at all reference points (15%–23%, P < .05) and shorter (20%, P < .001) compared with standing.ConclusionIn addition to the wide variability in LA measurements and shapes between horses, there was a significant decrease in LA width and length when horses changed from standing to dorsal recumbency.Clinical significanceThe difference in LA length and width between dorsal recumbency and when standing could increase tension on sutures after laparotomy and should be taken into account when surgeons are closing the abdomen.