bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing nutrient availability and enhancing biotic resistance limits settlement and growth of the invasive Australian swamp stonecrop (Crassula helmsii)
Authors: van der Loop Janneke M. M. , Tjampens Janne , Vogels Joost J. , van Kleef Hein H. , Lamers Leon P. M. , Leuven Rob S. E. W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe invasive Australian swamp stonecrop,Crassula helmsii, is a perennial amphibious herb originating from Australia and New Zealand. In freshwater wetlands of North-western Europe, this alien plant species is invasive due to its efficient colonization of empty niches. The establishment of denseC. helmsiigrowth is threatening native biodiversity and functioning of freshwater ecosystems, especially oligotrophic wetlands with high disturbance and nutrient enrichments. As the effects of these potential drivers of ecosystem degradation are generally difficult to determine in the field, we tested the competitive strength ofC. helmsiiin a greenhouse experiment with two native competitor species of the same habitat type,Pilularia globuliferaandLittorella uniflora. Sods dominated by either of the native species, as well as bare soils, were collected from the field and manually infested with propagules ofC. helmsii. Settlement and growth ofC. helmsiiwas assessed after five weeks. In addition, the effect of nutrient enrichment by water bird feces on competition was studied by adding waterfowl droppings.C. helmsiiwas able to settle successfully in all treatments, butP. globuliferaandL. unifloradominance reduced settlement success and growth ofC. helmsii. On vegetated sods, the addition of waterfowl droppings had a low effect on the performance ofC. helmsii, however, this treatment significantly increased biomass production on bare soils with low nutrient availability. We conclude that both absence of native competitors and eutrophication, including guanotrophication by waterfowl, explain the establishment success and invasiveness ofC. helmsii.Given the fact that eradication ofC. helmsiiis very challenging, our results imply that management should focus on a combination of increasing local species densities and abating eutrophication. This will strongly limit the window of opportunity for invasion ofC. helmsiiand enhance resistance by native plant communities.
Quantum circuit for the fast Fourier transform
Authors: Asaka Ryo , Sakai Kazumitsu , Yahagi Ryoko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe propose an implementation of the algorithm for the fast Fourier transform (FFT) as a quantum circuit consisting of a combination of some quantum gates. In our implementation, a data sequence is expressed by a tensor product of vector spaces. Namely, our FFT is defined as a transformation of the tensor product of quantum states. It is essentially different from the so-called quantum Fourier transform (QFT) defined to be a linear transformation of the amplitudes for the superposition of quantum states. The quantum circuit for the FFT consists of several circuits for elementary arithmetic operations such as a quantum adder, subtractor and shift operations, which are implemented as effectively as possible. Namely, our circuit does not generate any garbage bits. The advantages of our method compared to the QFT are its high versatility, and data storage efficiency in terms, for instance, of the quantum image processing.
Upscaling methods used in ex ante life cycle assessment of emerging technologies: a review
Authors: Tsoy Natalya , Steubing Bernhard , van der Giesen Coen , Guinée Jeroen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this paper was to provide LCA practitioners with recommendations and a framework for upscaling emerging technologies by reviewing upscaling methods applied so far in ex ante life cycle assessment (LCA).

Methods
Web of Science was searched for articles published between 1990 and 2019 (April) using different variations of the term “ex ante LCA” as keywords. Suitable studies were reviewed to understand the key characteristics and main methodological principles of upscaling methods.

Results and discussion
A total of 18 studies were selected for literature review. Review results showed that most studies reported what a hypothetical upscaled technology would look like in the future. All studies described how they estimated data; they applied different data estimation methods, using process simulation, manual calculations, molecular structure models (MSMs) and proxies. Since the review results showed that most ex ante LCA studies followed similar upscaling steps, we developed a framework for the upscaling of emerging technologies in ex ante LCA consisting of three main steps: (1) projected technology scenario definition, (2) preparation of a projected LCA flowchart, and (3) projected data estimation. Finally, a decision tree was developed based on the review results that provides recommendations for LCA practitioners regarding the upscaling procedure in ex ante LCA.

Conclusions
Our findings can be useful for LCA practitioners aiming at upscaling in ex ante LCA. We provide an overview of upscaling methods used in ex ante LCA and introduce a framework describing the steps involved in the upscaling process and a decision tree recommending an up-scaling procedure. The results show that in theory all data estimation methods described in this paper can be applied to estimate material flows, energy flows, and elementary flows (emissions and natural resource use). Finally, since different kinds of expertise are required for upscaling in ex ante LCA, we recommend that technology experts from different fields are involved in performing ex ante LCA, e.g., technology developers, LCA practitioners, and engineers.
Nutzerorientierte familiäre Gesundheitsförderung – Ergebnisse der wissenschaftlichen Begleitforschung zum Netzwerk Gesunde Kinder
Authors: Geene R. , von Haldenwang U. , Bär G. , Kuck J. , Lietz K. 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das Netzwerk Gesunde Kinder (NGK) in Brandenburg ist eine im Jahr 2006 eingeführte flächendeckende Netzwerkstruktur, welche Angebote der familiären und kommunalen Gesundheitsförderung bündelt. Die Abbildung der Nutzerperspektive, die Bedarfe der Familien und die Zufriedenheit mit dem NGK waren Ziel dieser qualitativen Befragung.

Methodik
Es wurden 65 problemzentrierte qualitative Interviews sowie vier anschließende Fokusgruppen durchgeführt. Die Auswertung erfolgte in Anlehnung an „grounded theory“ und der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse. Das Konzept der familiären Gesundheitsförderung und das familiensoziologische Erkenntnis- und Analysemodell „Doing Family“ dienten als Grundlage der qualitativen Auswertung.

Ergebnisse
Das NGK bietet eine breite Palette an Unterstützungsleistungen für junge Familien, die mit den erhobenen Bedarfen der Familien korrespondieren. Die Begleitung durch Familienpatinnen und -paten sowie regionale Angebote werden gewürdigt. Neben fachlicher Expertise wünschen sich Eltern soziale Unterstützung in der Phase der Familienwerdung. Die Angebote tragen zur Kompetenzentwicklung und der Selbstorganisation junger Familien bei. Jedoch werden Zugangsbarrieren und mangelnde Informationen bzgl. der Angebote benannt.

Diskussion
Mithilfe der Darstellung der Nutzerperspektive konnten bisher ungedeckte Bedarfe und Zugangsbarrieren identifiziert werden. Diese Erkenntnisse sollten für die weitere Gestaltung des NGK in Brandenburg sowie analoger Angebotsstrukturen in anderen Bundesländern genutzt werden.
Projecting population distribution under depopulation conditions in Japan: scenario analysis for future socio-ecological systems
Authors: Hori Keiko , Saito Osamu , Hashimoto Shizuka , Matsui Takanori , Akter Rumana , Takeuchi Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study develops a projection model of future population distribution on the basis of Japan’s current depopulation trend and applies this model to scenario analyses that assume population compactification and dispersion. The model enables a description of population migration at two levels. First, municipal populations are projected using the cohort-component method, and second, the spatial distribution of populations within municipalities is projected at a 500 m grid resolution with the use of the gravity model. Based on the Japanese depopulation context and the country’s National Spatial Strategy, the compact scenario predicts the formation of medium-scale regional urban areas (population centers located across Japan) and the concentration of people on high-density population areas within municipalities. Meanwhile, the dispersed scenario predicts the formation of more but smaller regional urban areas and the dispersion of the population to low-density areas. The simulated population distribution for 2050 reveals spatial change in population density and age structure, as well as an abundance of areas that were inhabited in 2015 but will be zero population areas by 2050. Overlay analysis of future land use maps and the simulated population distribution maps can contribute toward identifying areas where natural capital such as farmland and forest plantation should be managed but where there will be significant population loss by 2050.
18F-choline PET/CT and PET/MRI in primary and recurrent hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Evangelista Laura , Ravelli Ilaria , Magnani Fabio , Iacobone Maurizio , Giraudo Chiara , Camozzi Valentina , Spimpolo Alessandro , Cecchin Diego 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aims of the present systematic review were to: (1) assess the role of 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) and PET with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with biochemically known hyperparathyroidism; (2) compare the diagnostic performance of FCH PET/CT or PET/MRI with conventional morphological and functional imaging. A literature search until December 2019 was performed in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, using the terms “choline” AND “PET” AND “hyperparathyroidism”. The search was conducted with and without the addition of filters (e.g., language: English only; type of article: original article; subjects: humans only) and selecting only articles published in the last 5 years. Twenty-three articles and 1112 patients were considered. Different FCH PET/CT acquisition protocols were adopted across the studies, using dynamic, early or delayed scans. FCH PET/CT proved more accurate than ultrasonography (US) or 99mTc-sestamibi single-photon emission tomography (SPET). PET/MRI also seemed to be more accurate than MRI alone in detecting benign parathyroid lesions. FCH PET/CT is more accurate than conventional morphological and functional imaging modalities (US or SPET) for the detection of benign parathyroid lesions. It could, therefore, be a reliable tool in both primary and recurrent hyperparathyroidism.
Hot Deformation Characteristic and Strain Dependent Constitutive Flow Stress Modelling of Ti + Nb Stabilized Interstitial Free Steel
Authors: Ghosh Sumit , Somani Mahesh Chandra , Setman Daria , Mula Suhrit 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
An effort has been made to establish a relation between Zener–Hollomon parameter, flow stress and dynamic recrystallization (DRX). In this context, the plastic flow behavior of Ti + Nb stabilized interstitial free (IF) steel was investigated in a temperature range of 650–1100 °C and at constant true strain rates in the range 10−3–10 s−1, to a total true strain of 0.7. The flow stress curves can be categorized into two distinct types, i.e. with/without the presence of steady-state flow following peak stress behavior. A novel constitutive model comprising the strain effect on the activation energy of DRX and other material constants has been established to predict the constitutive flow behavior of the IF steel in both α and γ phase regions, separately. Predicted flow stress seems to correlate well with the experimental data both in γ and α phase regions with a high correlation coefficient (0.982 and 0.936, respectively) and low average absolute relative error (7 and 11%, respectively) showing excellent fitting. A detailed analysis of the flow stress, activation energy of DRX and stress exponent in accord with the modelled equations suggests that dislocation glide controlled by dislocation climb is the dominant mechanism for the DRX, as confirmed by the transmission electron microscopy analysis.

Graphic Abstract
Management nicht-finanzieller Risiken: eine Forschungsagenda
Authors: Franke Günter 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Das Management nicht-finanzieller Risiken wie ESG-, Nachhaltigkeits- und Compliance-Risiken stellt Unternehmen vor große Herausforderungen. Im Gegensatz zu finanziellen Risiken ist zu nicht-finanziellen Risiken nur wenig Information verfügbar. Dies erschwert ein effektives Management erheblich. Unternehmen haben in den letzten Jahren hohe Verluste durch nicht-finanzielle Risiken erlitten. Die Corporate Governance dieser Risiken wirft zahlreiche, ungelöste Fragen auf. Dieser Beitrag skizziert mögliche Lösungsansätze und Thesen zum Einfluss der Informationsqualität. Bei diesen Fragen fühlt sich die Praxis von den Hochschulen allein gelassen. Eine Kooperation von Praxis und Hochschule zur Lösung der Fragen eröffnet attraktive Forschungsfelder für Hochschulen. Daher zeigt dieser Beitrag auch eine Forschungsagenda für Hochschulen auf.
Unterrichtsqualität in den Fachdidaktiken im deutschsprachigen Raum – zwischen Generik und Fachspezifik
Authors: Praetorius Anna-Katharina , Herrmann Christian , Gerlach Erin , Zülsdorf-Kersting Meik , Heinitz Benjamin , Nehring Andreas 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Diskussionsbeitrag wird der Forschungsstand zu Unterrichtsqualität für verschiedene Fachdidaktiken – naturwissenschaftliche Fächer, Sport und Geschichte – vor dem Hintergrund der allgemeinen empirischen Unterrichtsforschung vergleichend diskutiert. Als Vergleichsgrundlage wurde ein Framework mit den sieben Dimensionen Auswahl und Thematisierung von Inhalten und Fachmethoden, kognitive Aktivierung, Unterstützung des Übens, formatives Assessment, Unterstützung des Lernens aller Schülerinnen und Schüler, sozio-emotionale Unterstützung und Klassenführung genutzt (Praetorius und Charalambous 2018). Es zeigte sich, dass die Fachspezifität von der fokussierten Ebene abhing: Während eine Ergänzung des Frameworks auf Ebene der sieben Dimensionen nicht notwendig erschien, waren auf der Ebene der Subdimensionen und insbesondere der diesen Subdimensionen zugeordneten beobachtbaren Indikatoren fachspezifische Anpassungen und Ergänzungen erforderlich. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Diskussion zentraler Herausforderungen für zukünftige Forschung.
IoT reliability: a review leading to 5 key research directions
Authors: Moore Samuel J. , Nugent Chris D. , Zhang Shuai , Cleland Ian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly changing the way in which we engage with technology on a daily basis. The IoT paradigm enables low-resource devices to intercommunicate in a fully flexible and pervasive manner, and the data from these devices is used for decision-making in critical applications such as; traffic infrastructure, health-care and home security, to name but a few. Due to the scarce resources available in these IoT devices, being able to quantify the reliability of them is a critical function. This report presents a detailed evolution of the area of reliability measurement, followed by an in-depth review of the state-of-the-art for quantification of reliability in the IoT, revealing the many challenges associated with this task. From this in-depth review, a set of key research directions for IoT reliability is determined. Despite the critical nature of the research area, at this current moment, this study is the first detailed review available in the area of assessing IoT reliability.
Coaches’ Evaluations of Match Performance in Academy Soccer Players in Relation to the Adolescent Growth Spurt
Authors: Hill Megan , Scott Sam , McGee Darragh , Cumming Sean 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIndividual differences in biological maturation present challenges for coaches involved with youth soccer players. Youth in the same chronological age group vary in terms of stage of maturity (pre, circum- and post-pubescent) and rate of growth, but how this affects coaches’ evaluations of player performance is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare youth soccer coaches’ evaluations of players match performances before, during and post growth spurt in a professional English soccer academy across four seasons. Two hundred and seventy-eight male soccer players in the under-9 to under-16 age-groups had their performances evaluated by their coach on a 4-point Likert scale. For each game, players were categorised by their maturity status estimated using percentage of predicted adult height at the time of observation. A one-way ANCOVA controlling for the level of opposition and game outcome revealed that coaches’ evaluations declined from the pre- to during growth spurt stages, however, this was only significant in the under 12 age-group. Further, coaches’ evaluations increased again in the post-growth spurt stage, although only significant in the under 15 age-group. Coaches evaluations of player performance appear to vary in accordance with stage of maturity and rate of growth. Practitioners in youth soccer should understand the extent to which maturity status may adversely impact performance and consider this when making talent selection decisions.
Assessing clinical investigators’ perceptions of relevance and competency of clinical trials skills: An international AIDS Malignancy Consortium (AMC) study
Authors: Lee Jeannette Y. , Lensing Shelly V , Botello-Harbaum Maria T. , Medina Rebecca , Zozus Meredith 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
The AIDS Malignancy Consortium (AMC) conducts clinical trials of therapeutic and prevention strategies for cancer in people living with HIV. With its recent expansion to Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, there was a need to increase the competence of clinical investigators (CIs) to implement clinical trials in these regions.

Methods:
AMC CIs were invited to complete a survey to assess role-relevance and self-perceived competence based on the Joint Task Force for Clinical Trials Competency domains.

Results:
A total of 40 AMC CIs were invited to complete the questionnaire and 35 responded to the survey. The data management and informatics and engaging with communities’ domains were lowest in the average proportion of CIs rating themselves high (scores of 3–4) for self-perceived competency (46.6% and 44.2%) and role-relevance (61.6% and 67.5%), whereas, the ethical and participant safety considerations domain resulted in the highest score for competency (86.6%) and role-relevance (93.3%). In the scientific concepts and research design domain, a high proportion rated for competency in evaluating study designs and scientific literature (71.4% and 74.3%) but a low proportion for competency for designing trials and specimen collection protocols (51.4% and 54.3%).

Conclusions:
Given the complexity of AMC clinical research, these results provide evidence of the need to develop training for clinical research professionals across domains where self-perceived competence is low. This assessment will be used to tailor and prioritize the AMC Training Program in clinical trial development and management for AMC CIs.
Direct Numerical Simulations of Turbulent Channel Flow With Polymer Additives
Authors: Lin Che-Yu , Lin Chao-An 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTDirect numerical simulations have been applied to simulate flows with polymer additives. FENE-P (finite-extensible-nonlinear-elastic-Peterlin) dumbbell model solving for the conformation tensor is adopted to investigate the influence of the polymer on the flowfield. Boundary treatments of the conformation tensor on the flowfield are examined first, where boundary condition based on the linear extrapolation scheme provides more accurate results with second-order accurate error norms. Further simulations of the turbulent channel flow at different Weissenberg numbers are also conducted to investigate the influence on drag reduction. Drag reduction increases in tandem with the increase of Weissenberg number and the increase saturates at Weτ~200, where the drag reduction is close to the maximum drag reduction (MDR) limit. At the regime of y+ > 5, the viscous layer thickens with the increase of the Weissenberg number showing a departure from the traditional log-law profile, and the velocity profiles approach the MDR line at high Weissenberg number. The Reynolds stress decreases in tandem with the increase of Weτ, whereas the levels of laminar stress and polymer stress act adversely. However, as the Weissenberg number increases, the proportion of the laminar stress in the total stress increases, and this contributes to the drag reduction of the polymer flow.
COLONIAL ITINERARIES: MUHAMMADU DIKKO'S METROPOLITAN ADVENTURES
Authors: Ochonu Moses 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn 1921 and 1924 Muhammadu Dikko, the emir of Katsina, traveled to Britain on a sightseeing trip, becoming the first emir or chief from Northern Nigeria to visit the British imperial metropole. This article analyzes the colonial relationship that put Dikko in the colonizers’ orbit and favor and paved the way for him to embark on the trips, the colonial logistics and networks that facilitated the journeys, Dikko's experiences and adventures in Britain, and, most importantly, his perspectives on British society, institutions, goods, and forms of leisure. I argue that Dikko, though constrained by serving as a prop in a colonial performance of power, used travel to Britain as a platform to advance metropolitan modernity as an aspirational if distant model of socioeconomic advancement and to give his peers and subjects in Northern Nigeria a textual reference for navigating colonial culture in relation to their own natal Islamo-Hausa cultural norms.
New records of helminth parasites of nine species of waterfowl in Mexico, and a checklist of the helminth fauna of Anatidae occurring in Mexican wetlands
Authors: Padilla-Aguilar P. , Romero-Callejas E. , Osorio-Sarabia D. , Pérez–Ponce de León G. , Alcalá-Canto Y. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWild and domestic populations of waterfowl garner economic benefits, as they are hunted for human consumption or as a recreational activity. Waterfowl migrate to their wintering grounds in Mexican wetlands where habitat conditions are more favourable. In this study, we present a list of helminth species sampled from the gastrointestinal tract of 59 wild birds belonging to the family Anatidae in three localities of Mexico, and a checklist of the helminth parasite fauna of the members of the family in the whole country, built from literature records. After helminthological examination, 25 taxa were identified: eight trematodes; four cestodes; 12 nematodes; and one acanthocephalan. Obtained records dated from 1943 to 2019. Our literature search yielded 563 records corresponding to 95 parasite taxa: 38 trematodes, 24 cestodes, 23 nematodes and ten acanthocephalans. In Mexico, 17 anatid species have been studied for helminths. Records correspond to 55 locations from 20 Mexican states. An insight gained from the collated literature and recent records was that trematodes represent the most diverse parasite group in anatids in Mexico. We briefly discuss that the information about helminths parasitizing waterfowl will be useful for understanding the effect of habitat loss and pollution of wetlands where migratory birds spend the breeding season, for addressing ecological programs aimed to guarantee the health and conservation of North American migratory birds or the effect of bird migration in the composition of the helminth parasite communities, and for freshwater biologists interested in the understanding of freshwater ecosystem health.