bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A green approach for morphology and size-controlled fabrication of cerium oxide using leaf extract of Mangifera indica for photocatalytic activities
Authors: Matussin Shaidatul Najihah , Khan Mohammad Mansoob 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGreen synthesis offers environmental benefits and prevents harmful by-products. This article reports on the green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Mangifera indica (M. indica) and an investigation of its photocatalytic activity. M. indica has not yet been reported to be used in the synthesis of CeO2 NPs. CeO2 NPs were synthesized using two different precursors; Ce(NO3)3·6H2O and CeCl3·7H2O with two different concentrations of aqueous leaf extracts of M. indica at 80 °C. The products were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The two different precursors have shown differences in the structural and morphological properties of the synthesized CeO2 NPs. The XRD results indicated that the crystallite size was in the range from 13 to 18 nm. FT-IR detected the presence of organic functional groups on the surface of the synthesized CeO2 NPs. The morphology and average particle size of the produced CeO2 NPs, which ranged from 42 to 90 nm, were revealed by FE-SEM. Photocatalytic activities findings showed that CeO2 synthesized with a low concentration of aqueous leaf extract and Ce nitrate as precursor showed the highest percentage (17–19%) of photocatalytic transformation of 4-nitrophenol to 4-nitrophenolate ion under visible light irradiation. This confirms that the amount of extract and type of anions play a critical role in the fabrication of responsive and active CeO2 NPs. This also confirms that CeO2 synthesized through a green synthesis method may potentially give a response for visible light irradiation activities.
Characterization of multi-trait plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from alfalfa rhizosphere and evaluation of their efficacy on tomato and watermelon growth
Authors: Ünlü Emel , Yilmaz Semih , Yetişir Halit , Karim Abdul Aziz , Gün Büşra , Idris Abeer Babiker 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPlant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are free-existing soil-borne bacteria that can be used as bioinoculants in place of chemical fertilizers to directly or indirectly enhance plant growth. This study aimed to characterize PGPR native to the rhizosphere of alfalfa plants in Kayseri and evaluate their efficacy on the growth parameters of tomato and watermelon. A total of 56 potential PGPR isolates were isolated and 24 were selected based on their ability to produce multiple PGP traits. 16S rDNA and phylogenetic analysis characterized these isolates to be novel strains of Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Staphylococcus, Lycinibacillus, and Bacillus. Sequence analysis revealed nucleotide variations and insertion/deletion mutations in their 16S rRNA genes (nucleotides 913–1408). All selected isolates demonstrated nitrogen fixation ability, whereas 54%, 83%, 71%, 54%, and 38% of isolates possessed genes for phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis, phytase, ACC deaminase, and siderophore, respectively. Fifty-eight day old tomato and watermelon plants grown from PGPR-treated seeds showed significantly higher improvements in plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot dry weight, and root fresh weight compared to non-inoculated control plants. Furthermore, treatment of watermelon seeds with these isolates significantly increased the fresh weight of shoots and the root dry weights in watermelon plants. Thus, these indigenous PGPR isolates can be used as effective seed inoculants and chemical fertilizer alternatives to enhance tomato and watermelon growth.
Distributed cooperative guidance law without numerical singularity with field-of-view angle constraint
Authors: Liu Z. , Li S. , Ren L. , Ma D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A distributed cooperative guidance law without numerical singularities is proposed for the simultaneous attack a stationary target by multiple vehicles with field-of-view constraints. Firstly, the vehicle engagement motion model is transformed into a multi-agent model. Then, based on the state-constrained consensus protocol, a coordination control law with field-of-view (FOV) constraints is proposed. Finally, the cooperative guidance law has been improved to make it more suitable for practical application. Numerical simulations verified the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed guidance law in the presence of acceleration saturation, communication delays and measurement noise.
Incidence, healthcare and out-of-pocket costs, and mortality of Clostridioides difficile infection among US adults aged 18 to 64 years
Authors: Yu Holly , Alfred Tamuno , Zhou Jingying , Judy Jennifer , Olsen Margaret A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To estimate incidence and healthcare costs and mortality associated with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) among adults <65 years old.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Patients:
First CDI episodes among commercially insured US patients 18–64 years old were identified from a large claims database. CDI+ patients were propensity score−matched (PSM) 1:1 with CDI− controls using clinically relevant variables including comorbidities.

Methods:
Annual CDI incidence was calculated by age group and year (2015−2019). Healthcare utilization, costs, and mortality were analyzed by age group, acquisition (healthcare and community), and hospitalization status by calculating CDI-excess costs and mortality as the difference between PSM CDI+ and CDI− individuals.

Results:
In 50–64- and 18–49-year-olds, respective CDI incidence per 100,000 person-years decreased from 217 and 113 cases in 2015 to 167 and 87 cases in 2019. Most cases (76.5%–86.9%) were community-associated. The costs and mortality analyses included 6,332 matched CDI+/− 50–64-year-olds and 6,667 CDI+/− 18–49-year-olds. Among 50–64-year-olds, mean 2-month healthcare and patients’ out-of-pocket costs were $11,634 and $573 higher, respectively, in the CDI+ versus CDI− group. Among 18–49-year-olds, 2-month costs were $7,826 and $642 higher. Healthcare costs were higher for healthcare- versus community-associated CDI. At the 12-month follow-up, mortality was significantly higher in the CDI+ versus CDI− groups for both 50–64-year-olds (4.2% vs 2.0%; P < .001) and 18–49-year-olds (1.2% vs 0.6%; P < .001). Mortality rates were higher for hospitalized versus nonhospitalized CDI+ patients.

Conclusions:
Prevention of CDI among adults 18–64 years old may significantly reduce costs and mortality.
Global distribution and gap analysis of equine housing research: The findings so far and where to go next
Authors: Robertson Theresa , Thomas Ella , Starbuck Gareth , Yarnell Kelly 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As a free-ranging, social species, the housing of horses (Equus caballus) may limit their opportunity to display natural behaviour, compromising well-being. This review records and presents studies that have investigated horse housing design, evaluates the location and number of studies carried out to date, and reports the methods used to assess impact on equine well-being. A Boolean search was conducted in two databases: Web of Science and Scopus, filtered according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, resulting in 60 peer-reviewed papers for evaluation. Key findings are that a significant amount of work to date has been carried out in Europe and the USA, and the frequency of horse housing studies has steadily increased over the last 33 years, with 52% of them occurring in the last eight years. Health and welfare measures indicate benefits of housing horses in more natural management systems, particularly with conspecifics. Generally, the studies reviewed were only conducted in the short term, therefore future research should aim to increase the length of time over which housing is evaluated, particularly to ensure studies continue beyond an adaptation period. The review also highlights a requirement for more standardised methodology in housing welfare evaluation to allow for more meaningful comparisons to be made. Studies seeking to improve horse welfare in existing housing systems, in the face of limited space or other management constraints, are of high value to the end user and are encouraged. The studies reviewed here represent a significant and diverse body of work from which gaps in knowledge and future research directions can be determined.
Nation Branding and Covid-19: An Empirical Investigation of Self-Reports of Medical Donations in Chinese Digital Diplomacy
Authors: Villegas-Cruz Angel M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis research examines how Beijing uses social media to publicize donations and engage in nation branding as it responds to the global backlash sparked by Covid-19. It argues that self-reports of medical donations aim to enhance China’s national brand, leading to an expectation that reports about donations will primarily target countries more severely affected by the virus. To test its claims, the research analyzes over 55,000 tweets published by Chinese diplomatic missions. The results—controlled for Chinese donation exports—show a positive and significant relationship between self-reports of medical donations and the host’s spread of Covid-19. In contrast, donations are not correlated with political or economic allies. A comparison of government (CCP, ministries, etc.) and non-government donors (immigrants, firms, etc.) shows that only donations by the latter are positively correlated with the spread of the virus. This research advances our knowledge of Chinese diplomats’ online political behavior.
Care-giving activities, positive and negative care-giving appraisals, and care-giver psychological wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Yan Yuqi , Lu Nan , Cai Liqing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Public health crises like Covid-19 profoundly influence informal care-givers of older adults with functional health limitations. This study deepens existing understanding of care-giving processes during the pandemic to uncover insights useful for developing effective care-giving interventions for the post-pandemic era and future public health crises. Specifically, it examined (1) how care-giving activities during the pandemic impacted care-giver psychological wellbeing by affecting caregiving burden and the positive aspects of caregiving and (2) the moderating effect of pandemic-specific factors (i.e., care recipients’ unmet health-care needs due to the pandemic). Multiple-group analyses were conducted on data on 906 informal care-givers of older adults with functional health limitations, obtained from the Covid-19 Supplement and Round 10 Survey of the National Health and Aging Trends Study conducted in the United States. The mean age of participants was approximately 60 years, and most were white women. Positive aspects of care-giving significantly mediated the relationships between providing assistance in activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL, and emotional support and positive affect. Care-giving burden significantly mediated the relationship between assistance in ADL and positive and negative affect. Care recipients’ unmet health-care needs moderated the relationships between assistance in ADL and burden, assistance in ADL and negative affect, and emotional support and positive affect. In sum, this study underscores the positive aspects of care-giving as well as care-giving burden and demonstrates that greater attention should be paid to care-givers caring for individuals with unmet health-care needs during public health crises. The results suggest that more-effective responses to public health crises must be developed, especially within health-care systems.
Health insurance’s contribution to reducing the financial burden of tuberculosis in Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Du Rong , Ma Xiaoxue , Huang Aiju , Chen Huijuan , Guo Xueli , Zhou Jian , Li Jinlan , Wang Weibing , Zhao Qi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite global efforts to end tuberculosis (TB), the goal of preventing catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) due to TB remains unmet. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Guizhou Province, Southwest China. Data were collected from the Hospital Information System and a survey of TB patients who had completed standardized antituberculosis treatment between January and March 2021. Among the 2 283 participants, the average total expenditure and out-of-pocket expenditure were $1 506.6 (median = $760.5) and $683.6 (median = $437.8), respectively. Health insurance reimbursement reduced CHE by 16.8%, with a contribution rate of 24.9%, and the concentration index changed from -0.070 prereimbursement to -0.099 postreimbursement. However, the contribution of health insurance varied significantly across different economic strata, with contribution rates of 6.4% for the lowest economic group and 53.1% for the highest group. For patients from lower socioeconomic strata, health insurance contributed 10.7% to CHE in the prediagnostic phase and 23.5% during treatment. While social health insurance alleviated the financial burden for TB patients, it did not provide sufficient protection for those in lower economic strata or during the prediagnostic stage. This study underscores the need for more effective and equitable subsidy policies for TB patients .
Receiving three doses of inactivated or mRNA COVID-19 vaccines was associated with lower odds of long COVID symptoms among people with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Hong Kong, China: a cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Zheng Chen , Yu Fuk-yuen , Chan Paul Shing-fong , Sun Fenghua , Chen Xiang-Ke , Huang Wendy Ya-Jun , Wong Stephen Heung-Sang , Fang Yuan , Wang Zixin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
High prevalence of long COVID symptoms has emerged as a significant public health concern. This study investigated the associations between three doses of COVID-19 vaccines and the presence of any and ≥3 types of long COVID symptoms among people with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Hong Kong, China. This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional online survey among Hong Kong adult residents conducted between June and August 2022. This analysis was based on a sub-sample of 1,542 participants with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during the fifth wave of COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong (December 2021 to April 2022). Among the participants, 40.9% and 16.1% self-reported having any and ≥3 types of long COVID symptoms, respectively. After adjusting for significant variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions and lifestyles, and SARS-CoV-2 infection, receiving at least three doses of COVID-19 vaccines was associated with lower odds of reporting any long COVID symptoms comparing to receiving two doses (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.87, P = .002). Three doses of inactivated and mRNA vaccines had similar protective effects against long COVID symptoms. It is important to strengthen the coverage of COVID-19 vaccination booster doses, even in the post-pandemic era.
Bottom-up computation using trees of sublists
Authors: MU SHIN-CHENG 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Some top-down problem specifications, if executed, may compute sub-problems repeatedly. Instead, we may want a bottom-up algorithm that stores solutions of sub-problems in a table to be reused. How the table can be represented and efficiently maintained, however, can be tricky. We study a special case: computing a function

${\mathit{h}}$

taking lists as inputs such that

${\mathit{h}\;\mathit{xs}}$

is defined in terms of all immediate sublists of

${\mathit{xs}}$

. Richard Bird studied this problem in 2008 and presented a concise but cryptic algorithm without much explanation. We give this algorithm a proper derivation and discovered a key property that allows it to work. The algorithm builds trees that have certain shapes—the sizes along the left spine is a prefix of a diagonal in Pascal’s triangle. The crucial function we derive transforms one diagonal to the next.
Bidirectional analysis of the association between migraine and post-traumatic stress disorder in Nurses’ Health Study II
Authors: Crowe H. M. , Sampson L. , Purdue-Smithe A. C. , Rexrode K. M. , Koenen K. C. , Rich-Edwards J. W. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
Migraine and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are both twice as common in women as men. Cross-sectional studies have shown associations between migraine and several psychiatric conditions, including PTSD. PTSD is disproportionally common among patients in headache clinics, and individuals with migraine and PTSD report greater disability from migraines and more frequent medication use. To further clarify the nature of the relationship between PTSD and migraine, we conducted bidirectional analyses of the association between (1) migraine and incident PTSD and (2) PTSD and incident migraine.

Methods
We used longitudinal data from 1989–2020 among the 33,327 Nurses’ Health Study II respondents to the 2018 stress questionnaire. We used log-binomial models to estimate the relative risk of developing PTSD among women with migraine and the relative risk of developing migraine among individuals with PTSD, trauma-exposed individuals without PTSD, and individuals unexposed to trauma, adjusting for race, education, marital status, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, alcohol intake, smoking, and body mass index.

Results
Overall, 48% of respondents reported ever experiencing migraine, 82% reported experiencing trauma and 9% met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 criteria for PTSD. Of those reporting migraine and trauma, 67% reported trauma before migraine onset, 2% reported trauma and migraine onset in the same year and 31% reported trauma after migraine onset. We found that migraine was associated with incident PTSD (adjusted relative risk [RR]: 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–1.39). PTSD, but not trauma without PTSD, was associated with incident migraine (adjusted RR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.14–1.27). Findings were consistently stronger in both directions among those experiencing migraine with aura.

Conclusions
Our study provides further evidence that migraine and PTSD are strongly comorbid and found associations of similar magnitude between migraine and incident PTSD and PTSD and incident migraine.
An Observation‐Based Estimate of Atlantic Meridional Freshwater Transport
Authors: Zheng Huayi , Cheng Lijing , Li Feili , Pan Yuying , Zhu Chenyu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMeridional freshwater transport (MFT) in the Atlantic Ocean (Atlantic meridional freshwater transport (AMFT)) plays a vital role in the Atlantic Ocean circulations, but an accurate estimate of AMFT time series remains challenging. This study uses an indirect approach that combines ocean salinity, surface evaporation and precipitation observations to derive AMFT and its uncertainty by solving the ocean freshwater budget equation. Climatologically, AMFT is southward between 18.5°S and 34.5°S, but northward from 18.5°S to 66.5°N. AMFT also shows substantial inter‐annual variability with a clear separation at ∼40°N and is more coincident with the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) at 26°N than 47°N across latitudes. The derived time series indicates that throughout the Atlantic Ocean, there is a positive trend in the AMFT from 2004 to 2020, resulting in an AMFT convergence in the tropical Atlantic and an AMFT divergence in the subtropical North Atlantic.
Chronology, Local Stratigraphy, and Foreign Ejecta Materials at the Chang'e‐6 Landing Site: Constraints on the Provenance of Samples Returned From the Moon's Farside
Authors: Xu Luyuan , Qiao Le , Xie Minggang , Wang Yiran , Zhu Meng‐Hua , Yan Jianguo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChina's Chang'e‐6 (CE‐6) mission has returned the first‐ever lunar farside samples from a mare plain on the southern Apollo basin floor. The crater statistics of the CE‐6 mare unit and the provenance of the samples are crucial in interpreting the CE‐6 sample analysis results and re‐calibrating the crater chronology function. Here, we conduct a thorough survey of the formation sequence and main source craters of ejecta materials at the sampling area. Our results show that the sampling mare unit has a model age of ∼2.8 Ga and the CE‐6 scooped and drilled samples mainly come from the proximal ejecta of nearby small craters and the local regolith. The total abundance of foreign (non‐mare) materials, primarily from Chaffee S and Vavilov craters, is ∼9.3%. The Chaffee S ejecta may contain lunar upper mantle materials previously excavated by the South Pole‐Aitken impact, which will shed light on the materials of the Moon's interior.
Primary Sulfur Isotopes of Intraplate Basalts and Implications for Deep S Recycling of Altered Oceanic Crust
Authors: Wang Xiang , Wang Zaicong , Sun Pu , Yang Zong‐Feng , Zhang Wen , Zou Zongqi , Foley Stephen , Wang Lang , Zong Keqing , Hu Zhaochu , Liu Yongsheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAltered oceanic crust (AOC) is the largest contributor to the subducted sulfur (S) budget and its recycling modulates the redox evolution and S distribution in the mantle. However, the role of AOC in the deep cycling of S remains poorly constrained. Here we probe the primary S isotopes of Cenozoic intraplate basalts in eastern China by investigating sulfide inclusions in magmatic clinopyroxene megacrysts. These basalts were derived from the deep mantle metasomatized by melts derived from recycled AOC but show MORB‐like S isotopes (−0.9–0.9‰), suggesting that AOC‐derived melts transfer negligible sulfate and hardly change the δ34S and redox state of the deeper mantle. This contrasts with the generally high δ34S values of mantle wedge peridotites and primary arc magmas that reflect the slab addition of sulfate, indicating that S species and isotopes released from the subducted slab and associated fO2 are not constant and vary with subduction depth.
Coherent Modes of Global Coastal Sea Level Variability
Authors: Oelsmann J. , Calafat F. M. , Passaro M. , Hughes C. , Richter K. , Piecuch C. , Wise A. , Katsman C. , Dettmering D. , Seitz F. , Jevrejeva S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSea level variations in the coastal zone can differ significantly from those in the open ocean and can be highly spatiotemporally coherent in the alongshore direction. Yet, where and how coastal sea levels exhibit variations that emerge as persistent and recurrent patterns along the world's coastlines remain poorly understood. Here, we use a Bayesian mixture model to identify large‐scale patterns of coherent modes of monthly coastal sea level variations from coastal altimetry and tide gauge data. We determine nine clusters of coherent coastal sea level variability that explain a majority of the monthly variance measured by tide gauges (1993–2020). The analysis of along track altimetry data enables us to detect several additional clusters in ungauged regions, such as the Indian Ocean or around the South Atlantic basin, which have so far been poorly described. Although some clusters (e.g., at the eastern boundary of the Pacific, the western tropical Pacific, and the marginal and semi‐enclosed seas) are highly correlated with climate modes, other clusters share very little variability with the considered climate modes at the monthly timescale. Knowledge of these coherent regions thus motivates and enables further investigations on the impacts of local and remote forcing on coastal sea level variability, and the extent to which coastal sea level variability is decoupled from the adjacent deep ocean.