bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Component network meta‐analysis compared to a matching method in a disconnected network: A case study
Authors: Rücker Gerta , Schmitz Susanne , Schwarzer Guido 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNetwork meta‐analysis is a method to combine evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compare a number of different interventions for a given clinical condition. Usually, this requires a connected network. A possible approach to link a disconnected network is to add evidence from nonrandomized comparisons, using propensity score or matching‐adjusted indirect comparisons methods. However, nonrandomized comparisons may be associated with an unclear risk of bias. Schmitz et al. used single‐arm observational studies for bridging the gap between two disconnected networks of treatments for multiple myeloma. We present a reanalysis of these data using component network meta‐analysis (CNMA) models entirely based on RCTs, utilizing the fact that many of the treatments consisted of common treatment components occurring in both networks. We discuss forward and backward strategies for selecting appropriate CNMA models and compare the results to those obtained by Schmitz et al. using their matching method. CNMA models provided a good fit to the data and led to treatment rankings that were similar, though not fully equal to that obtained by Schmitz et al. We conclude that researchers encountering a disconnected network with treatments in different subnets having common components should consider a CNMA model. Such models, exclusively based on evidence from RCTs, are a promising alternative to matching approaches that require additional evidence from observational studies. CNMA models are implemented in the R package netmeta.
A reporter gene assay for measuring the bioactivity of anti‐LAG‐3 therapeutic antibodies
Authors: Wang Lan , Yu Chuanfei , Wang Kaiqin , Wang Junzhi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough enormous success has been achieved with anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 and anti‐CTLA‐4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), their unsatisfactory response rate in cancer patients has been driving the research and development of novel immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Anti‐LAG‐3 mAbs, as one of the most promising candidates, are now being tested for various human cancers at different stages of clinical trials. Here, we describe the development and validation of a reporter gene assay (RGA) to measure the bioactivity of anti‐LAG‐3 mAbs. We established the bioassay based on parental Raji cells and a Jurkat cell line stably transfected with human LAG‐3 gene and luciferase reporter elements controlled by nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) from the IL‐2 promoter. After optimization of key parameters, the established RGA showed excellent precision, specificity, accuracy, and stability. The mechanism of action (MOA) relatedness and the excellent assay performance make the RGA suitable for the characterization, lot release, and stability test of anti‐LAG‐3 mAbs.
Fast Feet Forward: Sports training and running practice to reduce stress and increase positive cognitions in unaccompanied asylum‐seeking minors
Authors: Draper Ana , Marcellino Elisa , Ogbonnaya Comfort 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnaccompanied asylum‐seeking children (UASC) are a vulnerable group who are exposed to multiple traumatic events such as persecution, sexual maltreatment, imprisonment, torture, and losses in their home country (Bean, Derluyn, Eurelings‐Bontekoe, Broekaert, & Spinhoven, 2007; Wiese and Burhorst, 2007). They are also subjected to continuous transitions throughout their migration trajectory (Bhugra, 2004). Although many studies have investigated the efficacy of bilateral movement in treatment of one single traumatic event (e.g. Fernandez, 2007), there is limited literature around bilateral movements interventions being used with perpetuated and multiple traumas within this cohort. This paper looks at the evidence for early intervention trauma work based on EMDR principles, the benefits of using running as a form of bilateral movement and the findings of a UASC sport trauma group with children in Kent, UK. It also gives recommendations for future research into early intervention trauma work with unaccompanied asylum‐seeking children. The data showed a significant rise in the Validity of Cognition scores with a reduction in Subjective Units of Disturbance scores of those participating in the programme. This highlights the validity of this protocol and shows promising results for future enquiry.
Environmental Performance of Pseudomonas putida with a Uracylated Genome
Authors: Algar Elena , Al‐Ramahi Yamal , de Lorenzo Víctor , Martínez‐García Esteban 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA variant of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida with a genome containing a ∼20 % replacement of the whole of thymine (T) by uracil (U) was made by deleting genes ung (uracil DNA glycosylase) and dut (deoxyuridine 5′‐triphosphate nucleotide hydrolase). Proteomic comparisons revealed that, of 281 up‐regulated and 96 down‐regulated proteins in the Δung Δdut cells, as compared to the wild‐type, many were involved in nucleotide metabolism. Unexpectedly, genome uracylation did not greatly change the gross environmental endurance profile of P. putida, increased spontaneous mutagenesis by only twofold and supported expression of heterologous proteins well. As U‐enriched DNA is potentially degraded by the base excision repair of recipients encoding a uracil DNA glycosylase, we then tested the spread potential of genetic material originating in the Δung Δdut cells either within the same species or in a commonly used Escherichia coli strain. Transformation and conjugation experiments revealed that horizontal gene transfer of U‐containing plasmids fared worse than those made of standard DNA by two orders of magnitude. Although this figure does not guarantee the certainty of containment, it suggests a general strategy for curbing the dispersal of recombinant genetic constructs.
Structure‐Based Design of Fluorogenic Substrates Selective for Human Proteasome Subunits
Authors: Maurits Elmer , Degeling Christian G. , Kisselev Alexei F. , Florea Bogdan I. , Overkleeft Herman S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProteasomes are established therapeutic targets for hematological cancers and promising targets for autoimmune diseases. In the past, we have designed and synthesized mechanism‐based proteasome inhibitors that are selective for the individual catalytic activities of human constitutive proteasomes and immunoproteasomes: β1c, β1i, β2c, β2i, β5c and β5i. We show here that by taking the oligopeptide recognition element and substituting the electrophile for a fluorogenic leaving group, fluorogenic substrates are obtained that report on the proteasome catalytic activity also targeted by the parent inhibitor. Though not generally applicable (β5c and β2i substrates showing low activity), effective fluorogenic substrates reporting on the individual activity of β1c, β1i, β2c and β5i subunits in Raji (human B cell) lysates and purified 20S proteasome were identified in this manner. Our work thus adds to the expanding proteasome research toolbox through the identification of new and/or more effective subunit‐selective fluorogenic substrates.
Spontaneous eruption of maxillary third molars in the adult patient undergoing orthodontic treatment after first molar extractions
Authors: Jackson Kelly , Ong Desmond , Freer Elissa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClass II division 1 malocclusions are common, and first permanent molars are frequently compromised teeth. Removal of compromised maxillary first permanent molars with planned orthodontic treatment can result in favorable treatment outcomes.
Effects of preemergence herbicides on establishment of little bluestem and sideoats grama golf course rough
Authors: Richard Michael P. , Morrison Jesse I. , McCurdy James D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNative warm‐season grass (NWSG) roughs provide environmental and aesthetic value to golf courses; however, weed competition is a constraint during establishment. This research evaluated the effects of common turfgrass preemergence herbicides on establishment of newly seeded 1:1 mixture of little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash] and sideoats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.] (14.3 lb total seed acre−1) rough. Herbicides applied immediately after drill‐seeding included: atrazine (1.0 lb a.i. acre−1), dimethenamid‐P (1.5 lb acre−1), dithiopyr (0.38 lb acre−1), imazapic (0.06 lb acre−1), indaziflam (0.029 lb acre−1), isoxaben (1.0 lb acre−1), S‐metolachlor (2.48 lb acre−1), oxadiazon (4.0 lb acre−1), pendimethalin (1.47 lb acre−1), prodiamine (0.75 lb acre−1), and simazine (1.0 lb acre−1). Effects upon NWSG plant density and biomass, as well as smooth crabgrass [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl.] control, were evaluated in 2017 and 2018. Across years, imazapic, dimethenamid, oxadiazon, and metolachlor controlled crabgrass >90%. In 2017, little bluestem plant density assessed 4 months after treatment was 2 to 13 times greater in imazapic‐treated plots than all other treatments except for those treated with isoxaben and simazine. Application of imazapic resulted in greater little bluestem aboveground biomass than all other herbicide treatments, except simazine, in 2017. In 2018, imazapic resulted in greater little bluestem plant density than the untreated control, atrazine, prodiamine, oxadiazon, isoxaben, or simazine. Although it was a minor component of the sward, sideoats grama was generally tolerant of imazapic. Imazapic application during seeded establishment of little bluestem and sideoats grama golf course rough provides acceptable crop tolerance and smooth crabgrass control.
An α2,3‐Sialyltransferase from Photobacterium phosphoreum with Broad Substrate Scope: Controlling Hydrolytic Activity by Directed Evolution
Authors: Mertsch Alexander , He Ning , Yi Dong , Kickstein Michael , Fessner Wolf‐Dieter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDefined sialoglycoconjugates are important molecular probes for studying the role of sialylated glycans in biological systems. We show that the α2,3‐sialyltransferase from Photobacterium phosphoreum JT‐ISH‐467 (2,3SiaTpph) tolerates a very broad substrate scope for modifications in the sialic acid part, including bulky amide variation, C5/C9 substitution, and C5 stereoinversion. To reduce the enzyme's hydrolytic activity, which erodes the product yield, an extensive structure‐guided mutagenesis study identified three variants that show up to five times higher catalytic efficiency for sialyltransfer, up to ten times lower efficiency for substrate hydrolysis, and drastically reduced product hydrolysis. Variant 2,3SiaTpph (A151D) displayed the best performance overall in the synthesis of the GM3 trisaccharide (α2,3‐Neu5Ac‐Lac) from lactose in a one‐pot, two‐enzyme cascade. Our study demonstrates that several complementary solutions can be found to suppress the common problem of undesired hydrolysis activity of microbial GT80 sialyltransferases. The new enzymes are powerful catalysts for the synthesis of a wide variety of complex natural and new‐to‐nature sialoconjugates for biological studies.
A High Faraday Efficiency NiMoO4 Nanosheet Array Catalyst by Adjusting the Hydrophilicity for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Zining , Wang Hui , Ji Shan , Wang Xuyun , Zhou Pengxin , Huo Shuhui , Linkov Vladimir , Wang Rongfang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo obtain a highly active, stable, and binder‐free electrode based on transition‐metal compounds for water splitting, nickel foam‐supported 3D NiMoO4 nanosheet arrays modified with 0D Fe‐doped carbon quantum dots (Fe‐CQDs/NiMoO4/NF) are synthesized. The structure characterizations indicated that 0D Fe‐CQDs are evenly dispersed onto the NiMoO4 sheets of the arrays. The contact angle analysis confirmed that the surface hydrophilia of the arrays is improved after the 0D Fe‐CQDs are deposited 3D on the NiMoO4 sheets. Here, both the activity and durability in electrochemical water splitting are significantly enhanced with the Fe‐CQDs/NiMoO4/NF catalysts. At a current density of 10 mA cm−2, the resultant Fe‐CQDs/NiMoO4/NF revealed an overpotential of only 117 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), a relatively low overpotential of 336 mV toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and a Faraday efficiency of up to 99 %. This performance can be attributed to the unique 3D nanosheet array structure, the synergistic effect, and the optimal hydrophilia for gas evolution evolved from the electrode surface.
Trichloro(Dinitrogen)Platinate(II)
Authors: Thomas Gilian T. , Donnecke Sofia , Paci Irina , McIndoe J. Scott 
Published: June 2020

AbstractZeise's salt, [PtCl3(H2C=CH2)]−,is the oldest known organometallic complex, featuring ethylene strongly bound to a platinum salt. Many derivatives are known, but none involving dinitrogen, and indeed dinitrogen complexes are unknown for both platinum and palladium. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of K2[PtCl4] solutions generate strong ions corresponding to [PtCl3(N2)]−, the identity of which was confirmed through ion‐mobility spectrometry and MS/MS experiments that proved it to be distinct from its isobaric counterparts [PtCl3(C2H4)]−and [PtCl3(CO)]−. Computational analysis established a gas‐phase platinum–dinitrogen bond strength of 116 kJ mol−1, substantially weaker than the ethylene and carbon monoxide analogues but stronger than for polar solvents such as water, methanol and dimethylformamide, and strong enough that the calculated N−N bond length of 1.119 Å represents weakening to a degree typical of isolated dinitrogen complexes.
Management of LDL‐cholesterol after an acute coronary syndrome: Key comparisons of the American and European clinical guidelines to the attention of the healthcare providers
Authors: Gencer Baris , Giugliano Robert P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGuidelines for the management of blood cholesterol were updated in the past year in the United States and Europe, reflecting a more intensive approach to lowering low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C). The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guideline released the 2018 guideline on the management of blood cholesterol on behalf of several American societies. Approximately 9 months later, the European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society published their 2019 guideline for the management of dyslipidemias. Both guidelines have similarities for the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Both emphasize risk assessment of patients as a main approach to guide therapy; those at higher risk of cardiovascular disease have a greater clinical benefit of LDL‐C reduction by at least 50%. Both guidelines reinforce the indication to lower LDL‐C as an important modifiable risk factor and consider the addition of nonstatin agents, such as ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, in addition to lifestyle counseling and high‐intensity statin for further reduction of LDL‐C levels. However, the guidelines have differences in the concepts of treatment thresholds (≥70 mg/dL in the United States) vs treatment goals (< 55 mg/dL in Europe), in the definition of very high‐risk category and in the classes for recommendation for the use of PCSK9 inhibitors.
Health disparities in cervical cancer: Prevalence of high‐risk HPV and cytologic diagnoses according to race
Authors: Miller Daniel , Morris C. Paul , Maleki Zahra , White Marissa , Rodriguez Erika F. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundIn the United States, the rate of cervical cancer is disproportionally higher in Hispanic and Black women compared with White women. In the current study, the authors compared human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and cytology results among Black and White women over a 24‐month period. They then assessed the rates in young women in 2011 compared with 2017 according to race.MethodsThe authors searched the gynecologic cytology case files for Black and White women treated at Johns Hopkins Hospital across all ages for a period of 24 months (2017‐2019) and compared HPV results and cytologic interpretations. They then compared results among Black and White cohorts of young women (aged 21‐29 years) in 2011 versus 2017.ResultsA total of 26,302 specimens from January 2017 to January 2019, including 11,676 Black women and 14,626 White women, were reviewed. The most common HPV genotype(s) detected were non–HPV‐16 and/or HPV‐18 (non‐16/18) high‐risk HPV (hrHPV) (84% of positive results). Non‐16/18 hrHPV was more common in Black women (1309 women; 15%) compared with White women (1075 women; 9%). Non‐16/18 hrHPV was more commonly observed in association with atypical squamous cells, cannot rule out high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and/or high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC‐H/HSIL) in HPV‐positive Black women compared with White women (P = .007). Black women were found to have higher rates of HPV‐positive Papanicolaou results and high‐grade lesions, including carcinoma (P < .01). In the 2011 cohort, young Black women were found to have a higher rate of ASC‐H/HSIL (P = .003) compared with White women. However, the difference was not noted in the 2017 cohort. There was a decrease in ASC‐H/HSIL in 2017 compared with 2011, with a lower incidence of ASC‐H/HSIL noted among Black women in 2017.ConclusionsBlack women appear to have a higher incidence of higher grade lesions, but the difference between Black and White cohorts was not found to be significant in young women in more recent years.
Underwater image enhancement using improved generative adversarial network
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Li Yujie , Takahashi Shinya 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe generative adversarial network is widely used in image generation, and the generation of images with different styles is applied to underwater image enhancement. The existing underwater image generative adversarial network does not realize color correction when processing underwater images Therefore, we propose an improved generative adversarial network for image color restoration. Firstly, the loss function in the network is improved to train the dataset. Then the improved network is used to detect the underwater image. After network testing, the underwater image is more satisfactory than the traditional image. Numerical results show that this method has a good color restoration and sharpening effects.
From Very Strong to Inexistent Be−Be Bonds in the Interactions of Be2with π‐Systems
Authors: Vos Eva , Montero‐Campillo M. Merced , Corral Inés , Yáñez Manuel , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIsolated Be2is a typical example of a weakly bound system, but interaction with other systems may give rise to surprising bonding features. The interactions between Be2and a set of selected neutral CnHn(n=2–8) π‐systems have been analyzed through the use of G4 and G4MP2 ab initio methods, along with multireference CASPT2//CASPT2 calculations. Our results systematically show that the CnHn−Be2−CnHnclusters formed are always very stable. However, the nature of this interaction is completely different when the π‐system involved is a closed shell species (n=2, 4, 6, 8), or a radical (n=3, 5, 7). In the first case, the interaction does not occur with the π‐system as a whole, but with specific C centers yielding rather polar but strong C−Be bonds. Nonetheless, although the Be−Be distances in these complexes are similar to the ones in compounds with ultra‐strong Be−Be bonds, a close examination of their electron density distribution reveals that no Be−Be bonds exist. The situation is totally different when the interaction involves two π‐radicals, CnHn−Be2−CnHn(n=3, 5, 7). In these cases, a strong Be−Be bond is formed. Indeed, even though Be is electron deficient, the Be2moiety behaves as an efficient electron donor towards the two π‐radicals, so that the different CnHn−Be2−CnHn(n=3, 5, 7) clusters are the result of the interaction between Be22+and two L−anions. The characteristics of these two scenarios do not change when dealing with bicyclic π‐compounds, such as naphthalene and pentalene, because the interaction with the Be2moiety is localized on one of the unsaturated cycles, the other being almost a spectator.
Development and Biological Applications of Fluorescent Opioid Ligands
Authors: Drakopoulos Antonios , Decker Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOpioid receptors (ORs) are classified among the oldest and best investigated drug targets due to their fundamental role in the treatment of pain and related disorders. ORs are divided in three conventional subtypes (μ, κ, δ) and the non‐classical nocicepetin receptor. All ORs are family A G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), and are located on the cell surface. Modern biophysical methods use light to investigate physiological processes at organismal, cellular and subcellular level. Many of these methods rely on fluorescent ligands, thus highlighting their importance. This review addresses the advancements in the development of opioid fluorescent ligands and their use in biological, pharmacological and imaging applications.
Across the Board: Yang Li on Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Li Yang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Prof. Y. Li, who discusses visible‐light photoredox catalysis by acridinium photocatalysts, which show both powerful oxidative and reductive abilities. She also highlights the mechanism for generation of a neutral acridine radical and its application in the reduction of aryl halides.
Is population subdivision different from speciation? From phylogeography to species delimitation
Authors: Huang Jen‐Pan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpecies‐level diversity and the underlying mechanisms that lead to the formation of new species, that is, speciation, have often been confounded with intraspecific diversity and population subdivision. The delineation between intraspecific and interspecific divergence processes has received much less attention than species delimitation. The ramifications of confounding speciation and population subdivision are that the term speciation has been used to describe many different biological divergence processes, rendering the results, or inferences, between studies incomparable. Phylogeographic studies have advanced our understanding of how spatial variation in the pattern of biodiversity can begin, become structured, and persist through time. Studies of species delimitation have further provided statistical and model‐based approaches to determine the phylogeographic entities that merit species status. However, without a proper understanding and delineation between the processes that generate and maintain intraspecific and interspecific diversity in a study system, the delimitation of species may still not be biologically and evolutionarily relevant. I argue that variation in the continuity of the divergence process among biological systems could be a key factor leading to the enduring contention in delineating divergence patterns, or species delimitation, meriting future comparative studies to help us better understand the nature of biological species.