bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk reduction in underground mining of coal-bearing coal seams with hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Serdyukov SV , Shilova TV , Rybalkin LA 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses influence exerted by the parameters of hydraulic fracturing on flow coefficient in parallel holes in pre-mining degasification of coal seam non-unloaded from rock pressure. The rates of coal degasification without hydraulic fracturing, as well as with nondirectional and multistage hydraulic fracturing are compared. Effect of different-type fracks on risk reduction in underground coal mining is assessed. The obtained results allow estimating efficiency of the hydraulic fracturing modifications currently in use in coal mines.
Extraction of ore reserves from pillars in room-and-pillar mining
Authors: Shchukin SA 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The geotechnical situation in mines using the open stoping methods is governed by complex geomechanical behavior of rock mass around rib and level pillars. The impact of rock pressure on underground excavations grows in this case, and dynamic events due rock pressure happen more often. The latter became the reason for implementing this research. In terms of steeply dipping ore bodies, safe mining of earlier left pillars is feasible. The best scenario for pillar extraction, considering their parameters, is caving to open and partly filled with overlying rocks stopes. The geomechanical calculations during justification of mining parameters during extraction of ore reserves from pillars have determined regular patterns in the stress–strain behavior of rocks mass, which contributes to qualitative and quantitative prediction of safe and feasible mining conditions. The zones of instability in structural elements of the geotechnology, including pillars, are detected. The author proposes the order and sequence of pillar caving to open and partly filled stopes at the admissible completeness and quality of extraction.
Thermo-fluid analyses for UCN cryogenic system
Authors: Okamura Takahiro , Kawasaki Shinsuke 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The TUCAN collaboration is now developing the new cryogenic system for ultra-cold neutrons experiments (UCN). This cryogenic system requires superfluid helium (He II) around 0.8 K to 1.15 K because cold neutrons are down-scattered by isopure He II with such temperature range to become UCN. Dynamic heat load applied to He II during UCN production will be as high as approximately 10 W. In order to satisfy such requirements, not only 4He but also 3He has to be circulated through the cryogenic system. There are sixteen heat exchangers for 4He and 3He. In order to design these heat exchangers properly, thermo-fluid simulations are carried out. Some simulations of them are nontrivial because they include film boiling phenomena in superfluid, molecular gas dynamics effect, transition from single phase flow to two phase flow and discrimination of such kinds of the complicated flow behavior. In addition, Time dependent thermo-fluid behaviors of He-II are also simulated using two fluid model and superfluid turbulent model to clarify the He II behavior. In this presentation, the simulation schemes and some results will be discussed.
The Mechanical Performance of Pipe Based on Fiberglass Reinforced with Plastic Waste (FRPW) Composites
Authors: Marsi Noraini , Subramaniam Lingeshavaran , Rus Anika Zafiah Mohd , Sulong Nurulsaidatulsyida , Fodzi Muhammad Haikal Mohd , Huzaisham Nur Athirah , Yusuf Nik Alnur Auli Nik , Mahmood Salwa , Shaari Muhammad Farid , Shariff Hafizuddin Hakim 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The project research present the mechanical performance of pipe based on fiberglass reinforced with plastic waste (FRPW) in plant application system. The use of FRPW able to reduce corrosion problem faced by oil and gas industry. In this study involved four types of combination ratio of fiberglass reinforced with plastic waste (FRPW) of 1.0: 0.5; 1.0:1.0; 1.0:1.5; and 1.0:2.0. The fabrication process started with grinding process of plastic waste into small size in the range of 0.1 mm. Fiberglass then reinforced with plastic waste by mixed with resin and hardener with ratio of 2: 1 and poured into the cylinder mould. There is a possibility fiberglass from 10-40% by weight result in substantial increase in elastic modulus, accompanied by an increase in strength with reduced ductility 1.0 of ratio. The tensile test showed clearly exhibited that 1.0 of plastic waste reinforced fiberglass with stand the higher maximum force value of 2.69 kN. For the bending test ratio of 1.0 of plastic waste withstand the higher bending strength at 5.29 kN. Ratio of 1.0 FRPW is more suitable for produced pipe in plant application system due to matrix-reinforcement bonding for each pipe sample after conducting tensile strength. The result obtained that ratio 1.0 of FRPW shown good matrix-reinforcement bonding.
Black Liquor Pretreatment of Concorb and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Lignocellulosic Bioethanol
Authors: muryanto Muryanto , Handayani Eka Mardika , Irawan Yan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Lignocellulosic bioethanol from corncob could be a promising alternative fuel because of abundant resources, and it will not interfere with the food supply. Pretreatment is the first step in a lignocellulosic bioethanol process. One of the effective pretreatments is alkaline pretreatment because it gives the cellulose-rich material for enzymatic hydrolysis. However, it produces black liquor as wastewater that provides environmental impacts. The black liquor from Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) pretreatment was collected and used for pretreatment of corncob to reduce wastewater from bioethanol production. The pretreatment process was conducted in a 5-liter reactor. The pretreated corncob was hydrolysis with cellulase enzyme and converted to ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The delignification of corncob using EFB-black liquor was 45.82%. The black liquor pretreatment was increasing ethanol production 3.25 times than untreated substrat after saccharification and fermentation process by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (36.39 g/l).
Characterization of Fresh Sidoarjo Mud as Material on Geopolymer System
Authors: Syarwan  , Putri Kiki Yolanda , Ruhana  , Miswar  , Fauzi Amir 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Sidoarjo mud is the alternative cementitious material which derived from a volcano mud eruption in Porong, Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. The calcination of fresh sidoarjo mud in high temperature was known rich in the content of Si and Al that has similar chemical content with the material of OPC. However, the calcination process had caused the consumption of energy, time duration and cost in the production. To solve the problem, this study was required to investigate the fresh sidoarjo mud without the calcination process. However, material of FSM was analyzed to understand its feasibility as a material in geopolymer referring to the material of fly ash. The results showed that the material of FA consisted of quartz (SiO2), mullite (3Al2O3 2SiO2 or 2Al2O3 SiO2) and hematite. While, the material of FSM consisted of quartz (SiO2), mullite (3Al2O3 2SiO2 or 2Al2O3 SiO2), magnetite (Fe3O4), hematite (Fe2O3), and rutile (TiO2). The particle of FA was amorphous and sphere with the misty surface that caused the absorption of alkaline solution and reduced the workability on fresh geopolymer mortar. While the particle of FSM was the agglomerate irregular shape with the rough surface that also caused the absorption of alkaline solution and reduced the workability on fresh geopolymer mortar. The analysis of FTIR identified that the material FA and FSM had the stretching in the gel of Si-O-Al and Si-O-Si. The compressive strength reached optimum at the replacement of 5% FSM.
Effect of POFA as a replacement material on fly ash based geopolymer mortar
Authors: Mulizar  , Fazliah  , Iskandar  , Aiyub  , Fauzi Amir 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is widely used as the material for the construction. The production of OPC has caused an issue on the environment, due to the release of CO2 in the air. The use of by-product or waste material from the industry as an alternative material in the concrete was considered to be a solution to cover this issue. Geopolymer was the advance method that was able to use by-product or waste material to replace OPC as the binder in the construction. However, this material should be rich in content of Si and Al, it was due to the reaction of waste material with the alkaline solution formed the gel of Si-O-Si and Si-O-Al that contributed to the mechanical properties especially compressive strength. Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is a waste material from the furnace of oil palm that is also rich in the content of Si and Al so that it was considered a new material in geopolymer binder. The method to general geopolymer binder referred to the conventional method. The results showed that the analysis of XRD described the material of POFA in the crystalline with mullite, magnetite, hematite, and rutile. The analysis of FTIR identified that the material POFA has the stretching in the gel of Si-O-Al. The analysis of SEM showed that the particle of POFA has a rough surface that reduced the workability and longer setting time compared to the mixture of FA based geopolymer. Furthermore, the maximum compressive strength is 23 Mpa with the replacement of 5% POFA.
Aged Reduction Prediction of the Road Plan Due to Overload On the Pancer Road, Pesanggaran District, Banyuwangi
Authors: Wari WN , Suryani E , Ulfiyati Y , Syafa’at IW 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Jalan Pancer is grade 3 roads with the heaviest axle loads of 8 tons, the age of the road plan is 5 years. But Jalan Pancer has been passed by heavy vehicles with the heaviest axle loads of more than 8 tons which caused premature damage to the road. Therefore this study aims to determine the predicted reduction in the life of the road plan caused by overloading from the vehicles. The research method used is to conduct a traffic survey to get Average Daily Traffic value and identify the heavy vehicles. The data obtained were analyzed to obtain the value of Vehicle Damage Factor (VDF) for each type of vehicle and the value of Cummulative Equivalent Standard Axle-CESA for the life of the road plan. The comparison results among VDF value of the survey and VDF value of the plan conclude that road damage factor greate. Because of the overload conditions the age of the plan is only 1 year 9.7 months, there is a decrease in the life of the road by 3 years 2.3 months in the second year, so it can be concluded that Jalan Pancer suffered early damage before the planned age (5 years).
Synthesis and Characterization of Microfiltration Ceramic Membrane Based on Fly Ash and Clay Mixture Using Sintering Method
Authors: Diana S , Fauzan R , Arahman N , Razi F , Elfiana E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ceramic membranes made from low-cost materials have increasingly been developed. Fly ash is a waste from cement industries, while clay is a natural resource that can be easily found to be used as economical mixed materials in the production of ceramic membrane. The manufacture of microfiltration ceramic membrane from fly ash - clay mixture has been carried out using the sintering method for 4 hours at low sintering temperatures variations at 750 °C (M1), 800 °C (M2), 850 °C (M3) and 900 °C (M4), respectively. The results showed that the ceramic membrane that was sintered at a temperature of 900 °C (M4) had the optimum characteristics with a porosity of 40.82%, a density of 1.0026 gr/cm3. From scanning elctron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the M4 membrane was classified as a microfiltration membrane with an average pore size of 0.64 μm. The energy diepersive x-ray (EDX) analysis showed that the composition of the M4 membrane was dominated by elements O, Si, and Al. Moreover, the x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the fraction patterns of the membranes (M1, M2, M3, M4) were dominated by the quartz phase (SiO2) and illite phase ((KH3O)Al2Si3AlO10(OH)2).
Increased Absorption Capacity Of Organokaolin Adsorbents In Absorb Metals Using Microwave Technology
Authors: Syafruddin  , Putra Alfian , Ramadhana Suci , Pardi  
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study about the absorption of iron and magnesium as metal ions in water solutions and kaolin were used as adsorbents. The power of Kaolin as adsorbent still very low so it is necessary to modify kaolin using acyl sulfonate (ABS) surfactant which is an organic compound. The aim is to increase the absorption capacity of kaolin in absorbing metal ions contained in water using modified kaolin to get effective absorption results in absorbing metal ions, especially iron, this research was carried out by varying microwave irradiation time 5, 15, 30, 50 and 80 minutes using surfactant kaolin modification and without surfactant modification, the waste used was artificial waste with an initial concentration of 100 mg / l. The samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers (AAS), while the characteristics used were Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Kaolin modification with microwave use in the adsorption process results in a decrease in artificial Fe waste at 3 minutes irradiation time on modification of efficiency reduction of 72% and Mg waste at 30 minutes decreased by 61%.
The Shortest Path Finder for Tsunami Evacuation Strategy using Dijkstra Algorithm
Authors: Pratiwi A F , Riyanto S D , Listyaningrum R , Aji G M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Having a tsunami early warning system during the tsunami disaster is important. The tsunami early warning system that is widely applied in Indonesia using loudspeakers and information board as a medium to convey information directly to the community during the disaster. The information provided is only about the status of the disaster and what needs to be done. People who panic, tend to choose the evacuation route through the main roads without thinking that the path will become very crowded resulting in total congestion. This paper discusses a tsunami evacuation strategy by finding the shortest path of evacuation route using dijkstra algorithm. This system contains information about the shortest evacuation routes that can be taken by the community towards a safe location, either vertically or horizontally. So, people can evacuate vertically or horizontally based on the geographical location of their residence. This system will be implemented in Cilacap districts. Shortest evacuation route is determined using the djikstra algorithm. Disaster-prone locations is the starting vertex and safe locations is finish vertex.
Pollutant Absorber Design to Minimize Air Pollution Emissions from Industry
Authors: Ruhiat Yayat , Guntara Yudi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Pollutants emitted from industries vary depending on the type of fuel and the height of the chimney used. The higher the chimney used, the further the pollutant distance emitted. In this research, Pollutant Absorber was made with a condensation system using activated coconut shell charcoal. The research method uses Research & Development with the Design for Production (DFP) approach. In developing the model, pollutant emission analysis is carried out: before entering the chimney, during the chimney, and after exiting the chimney. Then, in designing tools to design absorbent devices, chimney designs with coconut shells are made as absorbent. In creating and making tools, it is done in two ways, namely simulation and testing. The results of the research are models of the distribution of air pollutants from industry, air pollutant absorbent designs emitted from industry, and prototype devices capable of absorbing SO2 of pollutants emitted through the chimney.
Identification the Jakarta Fault using MS-SVD (Multi Scale - Second Vertical Derivatives) Method Gravity Data
Authors: Yudyawati K N , Rosid M S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Jakarta is a metropolitan city in Indonesia with high population. Geologically, its location has the potential to be affected by earthquakes from subduction zones as well as from local faults such as the Cimandiri, Lembang, and Baribis faults. Earthquake history showed that in 1780 and 1834 Jakarta was affected by an earthquake with magnitude Mw 8, destroying existing infrastructure. Several geoscientists believed the source of the fault is located in the south of Jakarta. Study with primary gravity data using the MS-SVD supported by the MS-HDVD method is a good method for identifying faults. From looking at the zero value shift on the MS-SVD graph, a fault zone is visible in the south of Jakarta. It is also confirmed by the CBA map that has contrast gravity between south and north of Jakarta. The faults have parallel-normal and parallel reverse type in East-West direction with dip angle for more than 79°. According to the fault that has been identified, south of Jakarta is evidently crossed by the fault, so the city safety needs to be considered especially for the potential of upcoming natural disasters. However, 2D forward modeling shows that subsurface Jakarta does not have density contrast between rock layers significantly.
Fault Plane Estimation Through Hypocentres Distribution of the July-August 2018 Lombok Earthquakes Relocated by using Double Difference Method
Authors: Rosid M S , Widyarta R , Karima T , Wijaya S K , Rohadi S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Indonesia is actually located in collisions between three large plates of Eurasia, Indo-Australia, and Pacific. It causes earthquakes to occur frequently in several regions, one of which occurs sequentially the 5 big shocks in Lombok in period of July-August 2018. There is a Flores thrust fault in the North of the Lombok Island region. The objective of study is determining whether the earthquakes sequence is related to the fault. The study is done through the analysis of relocated 321 of 489 hypocentres of the earthquakes acquired from 13 BMKG stations in July-October 2018. The hypocentres are relocated by using the double-difference method. The events are focused only with magnitude > 3.5 M. The relocation result is validated by the RMS residual histograms with the average value close to 0. The results show that the seismic activity mostly spread in the northern part of the Island of Lombok. The distribution of the epicenter points tends to form a pattern oriented from West to East in the northern region of the island which is thought to be the zone of the faults. The events most likely have not generated and not laid along the Flores Fault.
Ultrasound Assisted the Degradation of Methylene Blue Using WO3-Deoiled Spent Bleaching Earth as a catalyst
Authors: Hindryawati Noor , Julia N.S R.R. Dirgarini , Panggabean Aman S. , Wilsoma  
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) that has been impregnated with WO3 can degrade methylene blue through sonocatalytic. The stages of this research are SBE preparation, activation, WO3-SBE modification through wet impregnation process and sonocatalytic test. WO3-SBE is characterized using SEM and XRD. In the SEM results, there are cavities in the surface morphology of SBE after activation and after impregnation, the cavities are covered. WO3-SBE XRD diffraction pattern shows the presence of WO3 at an angle of 2θ = 28.855°; 34,813°. The percentage of degradation of methylene blue was 99.12%, using 0.15 grams catalyst, 100 ppm concentration and 15 minutes contact time.
Interaction of Enzyme-Substrate from Indigenous Cellulolytic Bacteria by Bioinformatics
Authors: Maryanty Yanty , adryati Tri , Suharjono  , Bambang Sumitro Sutiman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study aims to predict the degradation mechanism of cellulose substrate in silico from the results of isolation and test the potential of cellulolytic bacteria from rice fields in Greater Malang in producing cellulolytic enzymes, among others: β-1, 4 exoglunase, β-1, 4 endoglucase and β - glucosidase, identified isolates that have high potential in producing cellulolytic enzymes based on 16S rDNA ie isolates A, B, D and F. Only Isolate B was successfully predicted by its substrate enzyme interaction both homologically and based on the results of the isolation of the cellulite gene. Homology B isolate analysis results showed that the hydrogen bonds that occur in glutamic acid GLU257, tryptophan 207, serine 264 and glutamic acid 169, while hydrophobic interactions occur in tryptophan 207 bonds. While the results of the analysis based on isolation of cellulase encoding genes from isolate B were predicted in-silico showed the interaction between hydrogen bonds in tyrosin (TRY 299), glutamine (GLU201 and GLU 342.72), Asparagine (ASN 200) and glycine (GLY 384). This interaction is slightly different from the insilico results obtained homologically i.e there is no interaction with serine and glutamate acid, but with asparagine. Isolate B predicted that its homology in silico can degrade cellulose substrate with the binding affinity of -7.0 Kcal/mol while based on the results of isolation of cellulase encoding genes shows the degradation ability of cellulose substrate with the binding affinity of -6.5 Kcal/mol.
Fibre-based Saturable Absorbers for Pulsed Generations in the 1-micron Region
Authors: Rahman M F A , Ahmad M T , Rusdi M F M , Latiff A A , Harun S W 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrated and compared several fibre-based saturable absorbers (SAs) used in the generation of stable Q-switched fibre lasers in the 1-micron region, using 1.5 m long Ytterbium-doped fibre (YDF) as the gain medium. The tested fibre SAs consist of four segments; (1) 8 cm long Hafnium bismuth erbium-doped fibre (HBEDF), (2) 12 cm long Ytterbium-doped fibre (YDF), (3) 20 cm long Titanium dioxide-doped fibre (TDDF) and (4) 11 cm long Thulium-doped fibre (TDF). The fibre segments were joint with a single-mode fibre (SMF28) of approximately 10 cm at both of their ends via fusion splicing to become useful fibre-based SAs. The Q-switched fibre lasers stably operated at ~1060 nm wavelength. Among these fibre SAs, the highest pulse energy (191 nJ) was achieved through the TDDF SA, while the shortest pulse width (1.97 ms) and the highest pulse frequency (74.2 kHz) were obtained via the YDF SA. These fibre SAs provide simple operation, high stability and high thermal damage threshold which are desirable for high power laser operations.