bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of a simple model of soft biological tissue
Authors: Fajardo C , Solarte E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Optical phantoms that simulate light propagation processes through soft biological tissue are required to evaluate the performance and calibrate different medical imaging modalities. Liquid lipid based low-cost phantoms were prepared, with cow’s milk as scattering material, red India ink as the absorbing material and demineralized water as the matrix material since it provides a soft medium biologically compatible with the addition of organic molecules. Two experiments were carried out for characterization of this soft tissue model. First, collimated and diffuse transmittance and reflectance spectra were measured using phantoms with milk of different fat content. From the data, dependence between: total extinction coefficient, Kubelka Munk’s ratio, absorption and scattering coefficients on the wavelength were estimated. Second, using collimated transmittance measurements the effect of the phantom components was observed. The absorption peak, around 550 ± 0.3 nm, increases as ink was added to milk phantoms; and when lipid concentration was varied, by fixed ink, the scattering growths. The extinction coefficient’s dependence on the wavelength was determined, and fluorescence was observed with a 31 ± 0.3 nm Stokes shift. Results confirm the possibility of spectroscopic identification of milk kinds, as well as the feasibility of low cost controllable phantom for preliminary biophotonic studies.
Results from the PolarquEEEst missions
Authors: Abbrescia M. , Avanzini C. , Balbi G. , Baldini L. , Baldini Ferroli R. , Batignani G. , Battaglieri M. , Boi S. , Cavazza D. , Bossini E. , Carnesecchi F. , Cicalò C. , Cifarelli L. , Coccetti F. , Coccia E. , Corvaglia A. , De Gruttola D. , De Pasquale S. , Fabbri F. , Falchieri D. , Flammini A. , Galante L. , Galeotti P. , Garbini M. , Gemme G. , Gnesi I. , Grazzi S. , Hatzifotiadou D. , La Rocca P. , Liu Z. , Lombardo L. , Mandaglio G. , Maron G. , Mazziotta M. N. , Meneghin S. , Mulliri A. , Nania R. , Noferini F. , Nozzoli F. , Palmonari F. , Panareo M. , Panetta M. P. , Paoletti R. , Parvis M. , Pellegrino C. , Perasso L. , Pinazza O. , Pinto C. , Pisano S. , Riggi F. , Righini G. , Ripoli C. , Rizzi M. , Sartorelli G. , Scapparone E. , Schioppa M. , Scioli G. , Scribano A. , Selvi M. , Serri G. , Squarcia S , Taiuti M. , Terreni G. , Torromeo G. , Travaglini R. , Trifirò A. , Trimarchi M. , Veri C. , Vistoli C. , Votano L. , Williams M. C. S. , Zichichi A. , Zuyeuski R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The PolarquEEEst scientific programme consists in a series of measurements of the cosmic ray flux up to the highest latitudes. It started in Summer 2018, when three telescopes made out of scintillators readout by SiPMs were built and installed in Italy, Norway and on a sailboat leaving from North Island, to circumnavigate the Svalbard archipelago and land in Tromsø. They collected data on a latitude range from 44° N up to 82° N, with a dense sampling of the Northernmost interval. The PolarquEEEst mission continued afterwards with a series of measurements in Italy, Southward reaching Lampedusa, and in Germany.
In May 2019 the PolarquEEEst collaboration accomplished another important result, installing a cosmic ray observatory for the detection of secondary cosmic muons at Ny Alesund, at 79° N, made of three independent identical detectors positioned a few hundred meters from each other, and synchronized in order to operate together as a network. The configuration used will allow high precision measurements never performed before at these latitudes on a long term, also interesting for their connection with environmental phenomena. The network will also complement the existing stations for the detection of cosmic neutrons at the Svalbard archipelago, enlarging by far the physics scope that is possible to pursue in this field at this peculiar location.
Here the various missions are presented, and some preliminary results from the measurements performed are shown.
Scientific and educational aspects of the EEE Project
Authors: La Rocca P. , Abbrescia M. , Avanzini C. , Baldini L. , Baldini Ferroli R. , Batignani G. , Battaglieri M. , Boi S. , Bossini E. , Carnesecchi F. , Cicalò C. , Cifarelli L. , Coccetti F. , Coccia E. , Corvaglia A. , De Gruttola D. , De Pasquale S. , Fabbri F. , Galante L. , Galeotti P. , Garbini M. , Gemme G. , Gnesi I. , Grazzi S. , Hatzifotiadou D. , Liu Z. , Mandaglio G. , Maron G. , Mazziotta M. N. , Mulliri A. , Nania R. , Noferini F. , Nozzoli F. , Palmonari F. , Panareo M. , Panetta M. P. , Paoletti R. , Pellegrino C. , Perasso L. , Pinto C. , Piragino G. , Pisano S. , Riggi F. , Righini G. , Ripoli C. , Rizzi M. , Sartorelli G. , Scapparone E. , Schioppa M. , Scribano A. , Selvi M. , Serri G. , Squarcia S , Taiuti M. , Terreni G. , Trifirò A. , Trimarchi M. , Vistoli C. , Votano L. , Williams M. C. S. , Zichichi A. , Zuyeuski R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Extreme Energy Events (EEE) Project is an experiment aimed at the detection of secondary cosmic ray muons. It consists of a sparse array of about 60 telescopes, based on Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPCs), mostly distributed throughout the Italian territory, mainly in high schools locations, and at CERN. The telescopes are now operational and taking data since more than ten years with a high duty cycle and detection efficiency. The analysis activity is currently in progress and focused on several items, including the detailed study of the muon ux under dfferent conditions, its connection with atmospheric and solar events, the detection of extensive air showers and the search for long distance correlations between different extensive air showers. In this paper an overall description of the experiment will be given, together with its educational fallout. The operation of the whole array is also discussed by showing the most recent results obtained from the analysis of the collected data.
Standalone codes for simulation and reconstruction of a triple-GEM: GTS and GRAAL
Authors: Lavezzi Lia , Alexeev M. , Amoroso A. , Bagnasco S. , Baldini Ferroli R. , Balossino I. , Bertani M. , Bettoni D. , Bortone A. , Bianchi F. , Calcaterra A. , Cerioni S. , Chai J. , Cheng W. , Chiozzi S. , Cibinetto G. , Cossio F. , Cotta Ramusino A. , Cotto G. , Da Rocha Rolo M. , De Mori F. , Destefanis M. , Evangelisti F. , Farinelli R. , Fava L. , Felici G. , Gaido L. , Garzia I. , Gatta M. , Giraudo G. , Gramigna S. , Greco M. , Lusso S. , Li H. , Maggiora M. , Malaguti R. , Mangoni A. , Marcello S. , Melchiorri M. , Mezzadri G. , Mignone M. , Pacetti S. , Patteri P. , Passalacqua B. , Rivetti A. , Savrié M. , Sosio S. , Spataro S. , Tskhadadze E. , Yan L. , Wheadon R. J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The experiment BESIII, running at the accelerator BEPCII in Beijing (P.R.C.), is going to be updated with the replacement of the Inner Drift Chamber with a Cylindrical triple-GEM Inner Tracker (CGEM-IT). In the R&D stage, two standalone C++ codes were implemented: GTS (Garfield-based Triple-GEM Simulator), for digitization and tuning of simulated data to the experimental ones, and GRAAL (GEM Reconstruction And Analysis Library), for the reconstruction and analysis of the experimental events collected in testbeams. GTS simulates the triple-GEM response to the particle passage, treating each stage separately: ionization, GEM properties, gas mixture, magnetic field and finally the induction of the signal on the anode. The necessary information was extracted by GARFIELD++ simulations, parametrized and used as input in GTS. This speeds up the simulation, since GTS performs only samplings instead of the full digitization chain. The simulated events were reconstructed with the same procedure used for experimental data and tuning factors were evaluated to obtain a satisfactory match. GRAAL is used in the analysis of the testbeam experimental data. It provides several levels of reconstruction: from the cluster formation, gathering contiguous firing strips, to the spatial position and the signal time reconstruciton. Two algorithms are used: the charge centroid and the micro-TPC, which exploit the charge deposition on the strips and the time information. Also a merging of the two algorithms is available to efficiently weight the two outcomes and obtain the best estimate of the spatial coordinate. Moreover, GRAAL performs tracking and alignment. Both codes are going to be made available also for other MPGDs simulation and reconstruction.
Investigation of Cherenkov radiation component in LYSO(Ce) crystals
Authors: Yu Barnyakov A , Yu Barnyakov M , Bobrovnikov V S , Chizhik G S , Katcin A A , Kladov V A , Ovtin I V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The fast scintillation crystals such as pure CsI or LYSO(Ce) today are considered for timing measurements in future colliding beam experiments. The aim of such counters is to determine time of particles arrival with accuracy better than 100 ps. The work is devoted to investigation of influence of Cherenkov radiation on the time resolution of the detectors based on LYSO(Ce) crystals. The results of MC simulation and beam test are presented.
Monitoring the long term stability of civil buildings through the MRPC telescopes of the EEE Project
Authors: Pinto C , Abbrescia M , Avanzini C , Baldini L , Baldini Ferroli R , Batignani G , Battaglieri M , Boi S , Bossini E , Carnesecchi F , Cicalò C , Cifarelli L , Coccetti F , Coccia E , Corvaglia A , De Gruttola D , De Pasquale S , Fabbri F , Galante L , Galeotti P , Garbini M , Gemme G , Gnesi I , Grazzi S , Hatzifotiadou D , La Rocca P , Liu Z , Mandaglio G , Maron G , Mazziotta M N , Mulliri A , Nania R , Noferini F , Nozzoli F , Palmonari F , Panareo M , Panetta M P , Paoletti R , Pellegrino C , Perasso L , Piragino G , Pisano S , Riggi F , Righini G , Ripoli C , Rizzi M , Sartorelli G , Scapparone E , Schioppa M , Scribano A , Selvi M , Serri G , Squarcia S , Taiuti M , Terreni G , Trifirò A , Trimarchi M , Vistoli C , Votano L , Williams M C S , Zichichi A , Zuyeuski R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cosmic ray muons are a penetrating component of extensive air showers created in the Earth atmosphere by the interaction of highly energetic primary particles, mostly protons, which continuously bombard our Planet. The secondary cosmic radiation is the result of the complex interplay between the production cross section and the interaction mechanisms with the atmosphere (including the energy loss, multiple scattering and particle decay). Cosmic muons have been considered since several decades as a powerful probe to exploit our environment, from muography of volcanoes to absorption radiography of possible hidden rooms inside large structures, such as Pyramids, to the detection of high-Z illicit nuclear materials inside containers and many other applications of social interest.
This paper discusses the possibility to employ the Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC) of the Extreme Energy Events (EEE) Project as muon tracking detectors to monitor the long term stability of civil buildings and structures when used in conjunction with additional detectors. For this application the average direction of the cosmic muon tracks passing through the MRPC telescope and an additional detector located some distance apart in the same building may be reconstructed with good precision and any small variation over long time acquisition periods may be monitored. The performance of such setup is discussed and experimental results from first coincidence measurements obtained with a 40 × 60 cm2 scintillator detector operated in the same building with one of the EEE telescopes, at about 15 m vertical distance from it, are presented. Simple Monte Carlo and GEANT simulations were also carried out to evaluate typical acceptance values for the operating conditions employed so far, to extrapolate to other geometrical configurations, and to evaluate multiple scattering effects.
Drivers of CO2 emissions in international aviation: the case of Japan
Authors: Kito Minami , Nagashima Fumiya , Kagawa Shigemi , Nansai Keisuke 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We estimated the CO2 emissions produced by more than 40 000 international flights associated with Japan’s two major airlines (Japan Airlines and All Nippon Airways), and identified the drivers for these CO2 emissions using an index decomposition analysis conducted between 2005 and 2015. The results showed that introducing the more fuel-efficient Boeing 787 led to CO2 emission reductions of 1.3 million tons by the two companies. However, these reductions were canceled out by the total number of flights and distances per passenger attributable to the airlines’ operations. We conclude that the environmental and business strategy of introducing greener aircraft with better fuel efficiency was insufficient for mitigating aircraft emissions’ effects on climate.
Memory effects in fluctuating dynamic density-functional theory: theory and simulations
Authors: Russo Antonio , Durán-Olivencia Miguel A , Yatsyshin Peter , Kalliadasis Serafim 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This work introduces a theoretical framework to describe the dynamics of reacting multi-species fluid systems in-and-out of equilibrium. Our starting point is the system of generalised Langevin equations which describes the evolution of the positions and momenta of the constituent particles. One particular difficulty that this system of generalised Langevin equations exhibits is the presence of a history-dependent (i.e. non-Markovian) term, which in turn makes the system’s dynamics dependent on its own past history. With the appropriate definitions of the local number density and momentum fields, we are able to derive a non-Markovian Navier–Stokes-like system of equations constituting a generalisation of the Dean–Kawasaki model. These equations, however, still depend on the full set of particles phase-space coordinates. To remove this dependence on the microscopic level without washing out the fluctuation effects characteristic of a mesoscopic description, we need to carefully ensemble-average our generalised Dean–Kawasaki equations. The outcome of such a treatment is a set of non-Markovian fluctuating hydrodynamic equations governing the time evolution of the mesoscopic density and momentum fields. Moreover, with the introduction of an energy functional which recovers the one used in classical density-functional theory and its dynamic extension (DDFT) under the local-equilibrium approximation, we derive a novel non-Markovian fluctuating DDFT (FDDFT) for reacting multi-species fluid systems. With the aim of reducing the fluctuating dynamics to a single equation for the density field, in the spirit of classical DDFT, we make use of a deconvolution operator which makes it possible to obtain the overdamped version of the non-Markovian FDDFT. A finite-volume discretization of the derived non-Markovian FDDFT is then proposed. With this, we validate our theoretical framework in-and-out-of-equilibrium by comparing results against atomistic simulations. Finally, we illustrate the influence of non-Markovian effects on the dynamics of non-linear chemically reacting fluid systems with a detailed study of memory-driven Turing patterns.
Effectiveness of bacterial attachment media to reduce organic matter from wastewater of catfish aquaculture
Authors: Arfiati D , Dina K F , Lailiyah S , Adialam E , Cokrowati N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Sangkuriang catfish aquaculture produces waste in the form of organic matter from the remaining feed and metabolic waste. Previous study revealed that the organic matter found in the outlet part of the fishpond was three times higher than the inlet. The attempt to decrease organic matter in that study was performed using freshwater clam and Bacillus subtilis bacteria; however, the decrease was less than 80% within 5 days. This study aims to obtain a maximum decrease level of organic matter with the fastest time of degradation. The experimental method with a Completely Randomized Plot Design (Split Plot Design) was employed in this study. The primary treatments (main plot) were time while the sub-plot was the surface area of bacterial attachment media. The time was set within 72 hours with an observation interval of 12 hours. The areas of the attachment media were 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% of the surface diameter of the experimental pail. The attachment media used in this study was synthetic coir. The control treatment was done without the attachment media (0%). The experiment was conducted in a laboratory under a facultative anaerobic condition. The level of organic matter and the total of bacterial suspension (TPC) in the water were observed every 12 hours. Organic matter was measured using a KMnO4 oxidizer. The results study indicated that adhering 100% of the surface of the attachment media decreased organic matter by 93.7% within 72 hours (three days). The total bacteria in water media within 12 hours was 0.5x102 CFU/ml, while the total bacteria within 72 hours was 26x102 CFU/ml. It can be concluded that the utilization of the bacterial attachment media has accelerated the decrease of organic matter in the wastewater of Catfish aquaculture with a stable amount of bacterial suspension.
Application of Salvinia molesta for water pollution treatment using phytoremediation batch system
Authors: Munfarida I , Auvaria S W , Suprayogi D , Munir M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The contamination of the river water with wastewater is a severe problem due to the utilization of the river water for drinking water mainly. Phytotechnologies can minimize the negative impact of this problem using plants in the river water rehabilitation. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Salvinia molesta to phytoremediation of the polluted river by organic pollutants. There were two treatments on this research: polluted river without Salvinia molesta and polluted river with Salvinia molesta phytoremediation on the batch system. We took a water sample from the moderate polluted river for phytoremediation by Salvinia molesta. The period of the research was two weeks. The measured water quality parameters in this study were dissolved oxygen (DO), total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). This study revealed that Salvinia molesta plants could improve the river water quality with enhancing DO by 58,26%, decreasing the parameters include TS by 31%, TDS by 97%, BOD by 26%, and COD by 74% compared to control without Salvinia molesta. Thus, the data suggest that Salvinia molesta may have a potential for phytoremediation (as water pollution treatment) of aquatic environments contaminated with organic pollutants from wastewater.
Biosorption of Cu(II) by natural biofilm matrix of Lahor Reservoirs, Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawan A , Salamah L N , Amin A A , Yanuar A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a severe problem in aquatic ecosystems. Various technologies have been developed to overcome the problems. One of the proposed technologies is biosorption. The success rate of biosorption is largely determined by the selection of biosorbent. The biosorbent should have a high capacity to adsorb the contaminant as well as environmentally friendly. One of the alternative biosorbent in the biofilm matrix. This study analyzes the biosorption characteristics of CuII, as one of the common pollutant s in the aquatic ecosystem, by biofilm matrix collected from Lahor Reservoirs in East Java, Indonesia. The kinetics of adsorption investigation in this study show that the biosorption of CuII by the biofilm matrix reached the equilibrium state within 5 minutes. The adsorption isotherm investigation revealed that the biosorption of CuII to the biofilm matrix fitted well to the Langmuir Isotherm model. The maximum adsorption amount Nmax of CuII by biofilm is around 33.3 mmol/gram, and the adsorption equilibrium constant is 0.03 L/mmol. According to the result of this study, the biofilm matrix has the potentiality to become biosorbent in the treatment of heavy metal pollution in the aquatic ecosystem.
Suitability analysis of aquaculture ponds based on primary productivity parameters in mangrove area of Banda Aceh
Authors: Nurfadillah N , Dewiyanti I , Yunizar S , Mellisa S , Arisa I I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Determining the suitability of aquaculture ponds is one of a valuable factor in sustainable aquaculture. One of the factors to consider in establishing a successful aquaculture is aquatic environment, i.e.: the primary productivity of waters and physical-chemical factors. The value of primary productivity describes aquatic trophic and natural food availability. This research was aimed to observe the suitability of aquaculture ponds based on primary productivity, phytoplankton abundance, and water quality (Physical-Chemical factors). The research was conducted on July to August 2018 in mangrove ecosystem at western and eastern coastal area of Banda Aceh with six observation stations, namely Beureunut, Amat Aramanyang, Ruyung, Tibang, Deah Glumpang and Peukan Bada. These stations were determined by stratified random sampling method based on water characteristic. The measurement of primary productivity was conducted by using the dark-light bottle method. The categorizing of suitability of aquaculture ponds was done by using the scoring method. The water quality parameters were given the value and score then following to be divided into four classes of suitability comprise Class S1 (Very suitable), S2 (Suitable), S3 (Conditional Suitable), and TS (Unsuitable). The results showed that the value of primary productivity ranged from 34.72 to 178.82 mgC/m3/hour and the phytoplankton abundance around 1.17 – 3.02 individual/Liter. Land suitability scoring ranged from 70.1 – 75.6%. It was concluded that the station 4th (Tibang) and 5th (Deah Glumpang) were a suitable area for aquaculture ponds with a score of 75.6%.
Production and Hydrochemical characteristics of brine and salt at salt production area in Pamekasan
Authors: Sidik R F , Kuswandi  , Roesyadi A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics of local salts from three districts, namely Galis, Pademawu, Tlanakan district, and PT. Garam. In Pamekasan regency. Two analyzed samples were seawater and salt. Hydrochemical parameters and chemical compositions of the main elements for seawater and its salt were investigated. The parameters for water samples were water temperature, Be, ammonia (mg/L), SO4 (mg/L). The parameter for the salt sample was NaCl purity. The sample of traditional pond brine was provided that the water temperature was in the range of 37-53°C, Be (19-27 °Be), ammonia (0.0953-0.4781 mg/L), and SO4 (22.071,0-52.360,0 mg/L). For PT Garam sample the value of temperature (41.0-43.0°C), Be (20-25 °Be), ammonia (0.1843-0.2143 mg/L), and SO4 (22.071-39.152 mg/L). The lowest NaCl score was traditional ponds (85,58), while the measuring of NaCl for PT Garam was 89.48 and 86.29%.