bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Property of Interphase Layer on Damping Properties of Polymer Composites Using Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Kulkarni Shank S. , Tabarraei Alireza , Ghag Pratik 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This work studies the damping property of Nanocomposites through simulating wave propagation using the Finite Element Method (FEM). For this purpose Representative Volume Element (RVE) of the composite material is created using Random Sequential Absorption (RSA) algorithm. Damping property is represented using the wave attenuation coefficient. The matrix material is assumed to be isotropic visco-elastic in nature with randomly dispersed stiff elastic spherical fillers. In order to model mechanical imperfections at the boundary of fillers and matrix, the interphase layer is modeled surrounding the spherical fillers. Determining the thickness and stiffness of this interphase region is a challenging task. Therefore this study aims at investigating the effect of variation in thickness and stiffness values of the interphase region on damping property of whole composite using sensitivity analysis. Two specific cases with a volume fraction of 5 % and 8.6 % are selected for sensitivity analysis. It has been found that both the thickness and stiffness of the interphase region plays an important role in deciding the damping properties of the polymer composite. Value of attenuation coefficient is more sensitive to the thickness of interphase than stiffness and hence it is important to choose the value of thickness correctly for accurate predictions.
Experimental Pre-Rolling Friction Determination of Corundum Balls on Silicium Wafers Using Highly Stable Pendulum
Authors: Mekid Samir , Gilavdary Igor , Riznoukaya Natalya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The pre-rolling coefficient of friction is determined using a method based on theoretical model for various contact material interfaces. In this experiment, a designed two-ball based pendulum oscillating on flat material is used in a pure rolling without any mechanical or physical effect on the rolling and on pre-rolling in particular. The induced micro-slippage as assumed by Kalker is eliminated in this work through the pendulum design. The experiments have shown low values of pre-rolling coefficients for various combinations of materials e.g. Alumina on Silica or glass materials. Moreover, the experiments have shown that as the surface roughness increases the oscillations time of the pendulum decreases exhibiting direct effect on pre-rolling.
Numerical Study on Mixed Convection Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Long Horizontal Channel Using Periodically Distributed Rotating Blades
Authors: Islam Mahmudul , Alam Shahriar , Thakur Md. Shajedul Hoque , Hasan Mohammad Nasim , Amin M. Ruhul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A numerical study has been conducted on mixed convection heat transfer enhancement in a long horizontal channel provided with periodically distributed rotating blades. The upper wall of the channel is maintained at a constant low temperature (Tc) while the lower wall is kept hot at a constant high temperature (Th). A series of rotating blades having negligible thickness in comparison to its length is placed periodically along the centerline of the channel with the spacing between two successive blades’ rotational axes being equal to the height of the channel under consideration. The mathematical model of the present problem is governed by two-dimensional laminar transient continuity, momentum and energy equations. The governing equations are transformed to non-dimensional forms and then the moving mesh problem due to blade motion is solved by implementing Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) finite element formulation with triangular discretization scheme. Three different working fluids have been considered such as water, air and liquid Gallium that essentially cover a wide range of Prandtl Number (Pr) from 0.026 to 7.1. The dynamic condition of the rotating blades has been represented by Reynolds Number (Re) that is varied in the range of 1 to 500 and its effect on fluid flow and heat transfer has been investigated for the case of pure mixed convection heat transfer, characterized by Richardson number (Ri) of unity. Numerical results have been presented and analyzed in terms of the distribution of streamline and isotherm patterns, spatially averaged Nusselt number and normalized average Nusselt number variation along the hot wall for different parametric system configurations. The results of the present study show that, presence of rotating blades increases the heat transfer significantly in the channel. Heat transfer increases with increasing Prandtl Number (Pr) and the enhancement becomes more significant at higher Reynolds Numbers (Re).Power Spectrum analysis in frequency domain obtained from the FFT analysis indicates that, the rotating blade oscillation frequency and the oscillation frequency of Nusselt number differ at higher range of Reynolds Number (Re) and Prandtl Number (Pr). Therefore, dynamic condition of the rotating blades together with the thermophysical properties of working fluid play vital role in modulating the heat transfer characteristics and fluid flow behavior within the long horizontal channel.
Development of an Arbitrary Adaptive Volumetric Heat Source Model for Keyhole Mode Laser Welding Process
Authors: Bag Swarup , Amin M. Ruhul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
One of the anticipated objectives of laser welding is to produce deep penetration by forming a keyhole that entrains the energy over the depth without appreciable enlargement of weld width. The evolution of liquid/vapour interface over time considering the effect of interfacial phenomena like evaporation, homogeneous boiling, and multiple reflections makes the formation of keyhole geometry complex in nature. An analytical approach is developed explicitly to predict the keyhole geometry in the weldment during laser spot welding as well as linear welding. The model highly simplifies the heat transfer during the welding process by assuming an instantaneous linear heat source. The temperature field is then used to estimate the shape as well as the size of keyhole, which is arbitrary in shape in a discrete solution domain. This keyhole is considered as initial source of volumetric energy that is considered in a finite element-based Fourier heat conduction model. The distributed volumetric heat energy is adaptive in nature since it is mapped with the arbitrary volume of weld fusion zone at a time instant. The calculated results are validated with experimental results reported in independent literature.
Configuration and Business Protocol of International Load Sharing of Manufacturing and its Challenges Under I4.0 and IIoT
Authors: Mekid Samir , Akbar Usman 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses the opportunities and challenges in a decentralized global manufacturing network infrastructure for international load sharing (ILS) envisaged for customized manufacturing. This is proposed to leverage Industry 4.0 factories to improve manufacturing throughput for worldwide orders. Smart manufactures are identified within IIoT worldwide subject to key specifications and performance. A business protocol is proposed to connect all manufacturing centers worldwide assuming their fitness to paradigm of industry 4.0 and utilizing technologies e.g. cloud computing, big-data management, condition and in-process based monitoring.
The business protocol will support the ILS and manage the international orders for manufacturing products under specific requirements as a new concept compared to manual specific one. This not only allows customers to access worldwide facilities under cost, but also allows them to monitor the progress of production and related quality in real time because of IIoT. This proposed trend will lead to new investment opportunities for executives, as they will be able to sell manufacturing as a service while being connected to network from anywhere. Purchasing with online bidding, progress tracking, quick delivery and efficient routing will improve customer satisfaction.
Influence of Geometric Shape Defects on Operating Parameters in Cylindrical Journal Bearings
Authors: Ebermann Marko , Prase Björn , Hasse Alexander 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Very high quality standards need to be guaranteed for the manufacturing of cylindrical journal bearings due to their sensitive lubrication gap geometry as Iwamoto and Tanaka [1] have shown years ago. Even geometric deviations of a few micrometers can lead to considerable functional impairments. However, the designer’s actual geometric specification (technical drawing) mainly serves as information for the nominal geometry and important fits.
Within this research project, the main aim was to find out how permissible deviations on nominal operating parameters can be translated into permissible geometric shape deviations and their specifications as described in ASME Y14.5 [7]. The outcome was the development of a tolerance evaluation matrix which quantifies the relation between geometric and operating parameter deviations.
For this, existing references and standards dealing with geometric defects of journal bearings were analyzed as in [1], [2] and [3]. Firstly, to investigate the roundness deviation, we focused on the form of equal thickness because this occurs most often in the manufacturing process of cylindrical journal bearings. Later on, the shape deviation of parallelism (cone) and its combination with the roundness (equal thickness) were also investigated. After simulating the parameter variation of about 200,000 operating points with a hydrodynamic simulation program, called ALP3T, we synthesized a tolerance evaluation matrix for the application during the engineering and design process of cylindrical journal bearings.
Effect of Sea-Water Environment on the Tensile and Fatigue Properties of Synthetic Yarns
Authors: Prakash Raghu V. , Viswanath Vishnu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Synthetic fibers are used for critical performance applications of marine rope and cable industries, apart from military applications. The high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance offered by polymeric synthetic fibers makes them superior alternatives to steel wire ropes particularly in marine applications. These marine ropes and cables are subjected to a complex history of static and cyclic mechanical loading during service, leading to sudden and unexpected failure. The presence of corrosive sea water medium during service adds to the complexity of the problem. Thus, it is essential to study the tensile and fatigue performance of these synthetic fibers in the presence of sea water.
In this study, experiments were conducted to examine the effect of marine environment on Vectran (Liquid Crystal Polymer) yarns. The first set of experiments analyzed the tensile strength degradation of Vectran yarns when exposed to simulated sea water for two months. The experiments were performed on Parallel continuous filament yarns and Twisted continuous filament yarns (0.5 twists per centimetre) and the results compared. In the second set of experiments, Vectran yarns were subjected to load controlled fatigue in dry state and continuously wetted state under tension-tension loading at a nominal frequency of 0.1–0.5 Hz. Stress vs. Number of cycles graphs were plotted to compare the fatigue performance in dry and wet conditions. Fatigue experiments were performed on Parallel and Twisted yarns to study the combined effect of twisting and wetting. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to observe filament surface and failure mechanism.
The results indicate that, twisting the continuous filament yarns improves both tensile strength and fatigue performance. Sea water exposure degrades the tensile strength of Parallel yarns. Twisted yarns show no such degradation. The fatigue performance of Parallel yarns appears to be higher in dry state compared to wet state. The fatigue performance of Twisted yarns seems to increase with wetting. SEM images show that failure of filaments is by severe fibrillation.
Boolean Algebra-Based Dimensional Error Accumulation in Solid and Fluid Domain for Turbines
Authors: Ni Jun , Sun Yu , Wu Kai 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Dimensional error calculations in details seldom target to turbine assemblies with many parts in series and parallels up to the transfer of specific dimensional errors in fluid domain. This paper proposes the algebraic theorems for three dimensional error accumulation from every contact pair up to the key surface in the fluid domain of turbines. Liaison feature of contact pairs firstly yields a new variable array that contains both the three dimensional changes and the timing of occurrence for every contact pair. Variable array gives born to operators and related algebraic theorems. Algebraic theorems convert part liaisons into compact formulations. If the propagation in solid or fluid domain takes finite element method, formulation will generate the process that calculates the specific deformations and deviations through these solid and/or fluid domains for the assembly. Case studies find the algebra and methodology have advantages in a compact expression of contact pairs formed in series-parallel assembly processes, and an effect organization of dimensional error accumulations with solid and/or fluid propagations inside.
A Motion Capture Realization Method for Assisting in Product Design via Parametric Surfaces
Authors: Weiss Cohen Miri , Regazzoni Daniele 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This work proposes a human computer interface system using a motion capture device, for assisting in CAD modeling and designing. The leap motion controller input data serves as an interactive tool which is transformed to surface representation of NURBS surfaces. Acquiring the sensor data is done by analyzing the images using a feature recognition module which in this work was updated and enhanced. Joints of hands and fingers are sufficed, and define recognized 3D image of a human hand. To use relevant information from the Leap Motion device, it is mandatory to interpret and map the input sensor data into 3D software coordinate system. This is done by implementing various transformations and a normalization procedures. Methods corresponding between these representation are developed in this work, to reduce noise thus providing accuracy. The DOF provided by the definition of the NURBS parametric surfaces and the Leap Motion Controller provide flexible design characteristics.
A Model Engineering-Based STEM Learning Program
Authors: Gharib Mohamed , Cieslinski Benjamin , Creel Brady , Katbeh Tala 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Over the years, various programs have been created to entice students to the STEM disciplines at early stages of their education. This paper gives insight to STEM education pedagogy through a model STEM program — named “Future Engineers”. Future Engineers was developed and implemented at Texas A&M University at Qatar with the aim of developing and channeling students’ critical thinking skills to apply science and engineering approaches to a real-life problem. The theme of the program was aeronautical engineering and it enabled the students to apply what they have learned in hands-on activities and competitions that challenged the students into performing an objective analysis approach to their designs. Throughout the program, students learned about the advancements of flight instrumentation and how aviation evolved into today’s specialized career field. In addition, the program topics included the standard atmosphere, airplane flight principles, structural concepts, airplane stability, material selection, aerodynamics, and wing airfoil selection. The program encapsulates concepts related to physics, mathematics, engineering, 3D CAD modeling, and 3D printing. This paper identifies the different phases of the program development and the program outcomes in terms of projects created. Future Engineers displayed a significant impact toward the students’ motivation to explore and learn more about science and engineering.
Robotic Knee Orthosis for Hemiplegic Patients to Prevent Falls During Walking Rehabilitation
Authors: Tsuzuki Ryuji , Itami Taku , Yano Ken’ichi , Aoki Takaaki , Nishimoto Yutaka 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Walking disturbance is one of the dysfunctions caused by stroke. In walking rehabilitation, it is common to shift to an ankle-foot-orthosis after using a knee-ankle-foot-orthosis for patients with stroke. However, there exist such danger of falling due to knee bending. The purpose of this research is to develop a robotic knee orthosis for hemiplegic patients to prevent falls. The equipment prevents falling by locking the knee joint when knee bending occurs. We analyzed the falling motion according to knee bending and designed the control system focusing on the result that the speed of the center of gravity in the traveling direction becomes zero. In the experiments, we demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method by reproducing the knee bending during walking of a healthy subject. As the result, it was demonstrated that the device was operating before the knee bending occurs and it was possible to prevent falls.
Influence of Human Hair Medulla in Solar UV Transmission Through Skin
Authors: Huang Xiyong , Al-Jumaily Ahmed M. , Protheroe Michael D. , Chalmers Andrew N. , Fu Xiang , Paul Sharad P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The role human hair plays on the solar ultraviolet (UV) transmission in the skin has been investigated regarding melanoma development in our previous work. However, due to the lack of knowledge about the optical properties of human hair medulla, hair has always been modelled as a homogenous structure in Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of photon transport in skin. In this paper, we have estimated the ratio range of the absorption to attenuation coefficient of hair medulla, in order to examine how the presence of medulla would affect the solar UV transmission in the skin. This was simulated in TracePro™ software with the implementation of the MC method for photon transport. The results show that medullated and non-medullated terminal hairs have similar shielding effects against solar UV transmission into skin.
Design and Synthesis of a High Performance Coating
Authors: Jha Swarn , Chen Yan , Wang Rick , Gharib Mohamed , Liang Hong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
High performance coatings are needed for downhole drilling applications. The main challenge in developing such coatings is to impart desirable surface characteristics such as low friction, high wear and corrosion resistance, while retaining structural integrity and consistency. Most coatings do not sustain the conditions in harsh environments resulting in failure and safety hazards. In this research, we designed high temperature coatings with integration of components that display wear resistance. After synthesis, they exhibited promising lubrication performance. Specifically, a simple and low-cost method was developed that can process the coating consisting high-temperature ceramics such as BN, SiC. Hybridizing graphite and α-zirconium phosphate as friction modifiers ideal for use with metals, alloys and ceramics, this coating is durable in a wide range of temperatures. Experimental results showed that the friction coefficient obtained for our coating was 0.17 as against the 0.50 value obtained for steel on steel sliding contact. In this work, we detail about the composition, microstructure, and tribological evaluation of the coatings tailored for drilling applications.
Modeling a Knuckle-Boom Crane Control to Reduce Pendulum Motion Using the Moving Frame Method
Authors: Eia Maren Eriksen , Vigre Elise Mari , Rykkje Thorstein Ravneberg 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A Knuckle Boom Crane is a pedestal-mounted, slew-bearing crane with a joint in the middle of the distal arm; i.e. boom. This distal boom articulates at the ‘knuckle (i.e.: joint)’ and that allows it to fold back like a finger. This is an ideal configuration for a crane on a ship where storage space is a premium. This project researches the motion and control of a ship mounted knuckle boom crane to minimize the pendulum motion of a hanging load. To do this, the project leverages the Moving Frame Method (MFM). The MFM draws upon Lie group theory — SO(3) and SE(3) — and Cartan’s Moving Frames. This, together with a compact notation from geometrical physics, makes it possible to extract the equations of motion, expeditiously. The work reported here accounts for the masses and geometry of all components, interactive motor couples and prepares for buoyancy forces and added mass on the ship. The equations of motion are solved numerically using a 4th order Runge Kutta (RK4), while solving for the rotation matrix for the ship using the Cayley-Hamilton theorem and Rodriguez’s formula for each timestep. This work displays the motion on 3D web pages, viewable on mobile devices.
The Influence of the Phase Change Temperature Range and the Phase Change Hysteresis of a PCM on the Performance of an Air-PCM Heat Storage Unit
Authors: Charvat Pavel , Zalesak Martin , Klimes Lubomir 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The influence of the phase change temperature range and the hysteresis of the enthalpy-temperature relationship h(T) of PCMs on the performance of thermal energy storage (TES) systems is rarely quantified. In the present study, the quantification is done by the comparison of the amounts of heat stored in (and discharged from) the air-PCM heat exchanger (TES unit) operating between constant air temperatures. All simulations were conducted for the same mean phase change temperature of the PCM (30 °C). The inlet air temperature of the air-PCM HEX was 40 °C during the heat charging period and 20 °C during the heat discharge period. The maximum considered phase change temperature range of the PCM was 10 °C. The maximum phase transition hysteresis, in the study defined as the temperature difference between the melting and solidification peaks, was 4 °C. The results indicate that in case of the PCMs with a wide phase change temperature range and a significant hysteresis of the h(T) curves, the influence of these properties cannot be neglected in the simulation studies in order to achieve accurate results.