bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loose One-Way Coupling of Land Use and Nutrient Emission Models to Assess Effects of Regional Development Scenarios on Catchment Water Quality
Authors: Mockler Eva M , Shahumyan Harutyun , Williams Brendan , Bruen Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNutrient enrichment and eutrophication can increase when urbanisation and intensification of agriculture production occurs without accompanying mitigation measures to offset impacts from land use transitions. The identification of measures to protect or restore water quality is a challenging exercise, particularly in the context of increasing population and urbanisation. Hence, decision-makers need adequate tools to better understand and evaluate the effects of policy interventions on water management and quality control in urban regions. A model integration method was developed to assess future scenarios of urban development on water quality using land use model Monitoring Land Use/Cover Dynamics and nutrient emission model Source Load Apportionment Model. A case study application investigated how projected changes in urban land use in the most populated region of Ireland, the Greater Dublin Region, impact on water quality. Results for all scenarios indicate increasing losses to water for both phosphorus (18–25%) and nitrogen (9–12%). However, as these scenarios assume that wastewater treatment efficiencies remain static into the future, this study highlights that the magnitude and distribution of investment in urban wastewater collection and treatment will have the greatest impact on changes in future nutrient emissions to water in this urban region. The differences between the development scenarios for diffuse nutrient losses were small in comparison, even though the location of specific land uses varied broadly across scenarios. It was found that the decline of agricultural land cover and replacement with urban development in Dublin region by 2026 as represented by four modelled scenarios resulted in substantial increases in diffuse phosphorus emissions, but only slight changes in diffuse nitrogen emissions. It was shown that the scales of impact from sources of nutrients vary from scenario to scenario and that these should be considered alongside planned mitigation of point sources of nutrient emissions to water. Such information can support physical planners, catchment managers and policy makers to plan accordingly to get the best possible environmental outcomes. The case study application demonstrated that the loose one-way coupling of a land use model and a nutrient emission model can be an effective and inexpensive approach to improve understanding of the effects of urbanisation on water quality and assist in the strategic planning of catchment management and infrastructure investment.
Navigation and Indexical Thought
Authors: Stokke Andreas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper argues for a moderate form of essentialism about indexical thought (also known asde se, first-person, or egocentric thought). According to this moderate essentialism, there is a significant category of intentional action that necessarily involves indexical thought. This category of action is navigation, that is, intentionally moving from one location to another by using public information about the world such as a map or a set of directions. It is shown that anti-essentialists face a challenge in accounting for this kind of action without accepting the involvement of indexical thought or something equivalent. The conclusion that navigation necessarily requires indexical thought is neutral on the strong essentialist claim that there is a special class of indexical propositional attitudes that mandate rejecting standard theories of propositional attitudes. The conclusion is also neutral on the strong essentialist claim that any kind of intentional action necessarily requires indexical thought.
Easier to Say ‘Recovery’ than to Do Recovery: Employees’ Experiences of Implementing a Recovery-Oriented Practice
Authors: Kvia Aasa , Dahl Christel , Grønnestad Trond , Frahm Jensen Målfrid J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim is to investigate the change towards a recovery-supporting model for health care services in a Norwegian municipality. The model is founded on the five processes identified by Leamy et al. (British Journal of Psychiatry, 199,445–452, 2011): Connectedness, Hope, Identity, Meaning and Empowerment, described as the acronym CHIME. To examine this change, we used focus groups, which provided a basis for qualitative content analysis. The participants were recruited from several departments of the Mental Health and Substance Use unit. We found three themes: reflections on attitudes and actions, patients not participating in matters regarding their situation, balancing paternalistic attitudes and patients’ autonomy. The findings suggest that workers have an understanding of recovery but do not know what to do differently. We advocate that there is a need for tools, mechanisms and structures onhowto support a recovery-oriented approach for patients needing mental health and substance use treatment.
Changes in the Expression of SNAP-25 Protein in the Brain of Juvenile Rats in Two Models of Autism
Authors: Lenart Jacek , Bratek Ewelina , Lazarewicz Jerzy W. , Zieminska Elzbieta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe results of genetic studies suggest a possible role for SNAP-25 polymorphism in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); however, there are no data available on whether changes in SNAP-25 expression also affect animals in rodent models of ASD. The aim of the present study was to explore this issue. The studies included 1-month-old rats representing valproic acid (VPA)- and thalidomide (THAL)-induced models of autism. Their mothers received single doses of VPA (800 mg/kg) or THAL (500 mg/kg) per os on the 11th day of gestation. SNAP-25 protein content in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and frontal lobe was determined using Western blotting, while changes of mRNA levels of Snap25 gene were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Compared to controls, SNAP-25 content was decreased by approximately 35% in all brain structures tested, in both males and females, exclusively in the VPA group. In contrast to this, Snap25 expression, studied in males, was increased in the hippocampus and cerebellum in both, VPA- and THAL-treated rats. We discuss the compliance of these results with the hypothesized role of SNAP-25 in the pathophysiology of ASD and the adequacy of the experimental models used.
Verifiability and Symptom Endorsement in Genuine, Exaggerated, and Malingered Pain
Authors: Akca Y. E. Ali , Slootmaekers Lotte , Boskovic Irena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe current study has investigated whether pure malingering, in which reported symptoms are nonexistent, partial malingering, in which existent symptoms are exaggerated, and genuine symptoms could be differentiated by applying the verifiability approach (VA) and the Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI). The logic behind the VA is that deceivers’ statements contain more non-verifiable information, whereas truth tellers’ accounts include more verifiable details. The SRSI taps into over-reporting by including a mix of genuine symptoms and implausible complaints (pseudosymptoms). We checked if participants (N = 167) allocated to one of three conditions (pure malingerers vs. exaggerators vs. truth tellers) can be differentiated in their pain symptom reports’ (non)verifiability and symptom endorsement. Findings revealed that deceptive reports were lengthier than truthful statements. However, this difference was not produced by a discrepancy in non-verifiable details, but rather by a higher production of verifiable information among malingerers and exaggerators. Thus, contrary to previous findings, our results indicate that pain reports rich in verifiable information should raise doubt about their veracity. Further, truth tellers endorsed less symptoms of the SRSI than exaggerators, but not than pure malingerers. Pure malingerers and exaggerators did not differ in symptom endorsement. Thus, our findings revealed that when compared with truth tellers, exaggerators exhibited stronger over-reporting tendencies than (pure) malingerers. However, due to inconsistent findings, further investigation of the efficacy of these methods in differentiation between exaggerated and malingered reports is required.
Mixed Martingale Hardy Spaces
Authors: Szarvas Kristóf , Weisz Ferenc 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the martingale Hardy spaces defined with the help of the mixed $$L_{\overrightarrow{p}}$$

L

p
→

-norm. Five mixed martingale Hardy spaces will be investigated: $$H_{\overrightarrow{p}}^{s}$$

H

p
→

s

, $$H_{\overrightarrow{p}}^S$$

H

p
→

S

, $$H_{\overrightarrow{p}}^M$$

H

p
→

M

, $$\mathcal {P}_{\overrightarrow{p}}$$

P

p
→

, and $$\mathcal {Q}_{\overrightarrow{p}}$$

Q

p
→

. Several results are proved for these spaces, like atomic decompositions, Doob’s inequality, boundedness, martingale inequalities, and the generalization of the well-known Burkholder–Davis–Gundy inequality.
From Malthusian Disequilibrium to the Post-Malthusian Era: The Evolution of the Preventive and Positive Checks in Germany, 1730–1870
Authors: Pfister Ulrich , Fertig Georg 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study draws on a new data set of vital rates and real wages to explore short-term and long-term behavior of the preventive and positive checks in a major economy of premodern mainland Europe. Four results stand out. First, the preventive check was fairly stable throughout the period 1730–1870; its magnitude of 0.2 to 0.35 was comparable with that of England, northern and central Italy, and Sweden. Second, the eighteenth century was characterized by Malthusian disequilibrium in that there was no long-term relationship between the crude death rate and the real wage, whereas the crude death rate’s instantaneous response to income changes was a substantial –0.4. Third, the short-term positive check may have weakened over the eighteenth century and largely disappeared in the 1810s. The diversification of food risk resulting from the spread of potato cultivation, market integration, and the development of the nonagricultural sectors are potential explanations of the demise and disappearance of the positive check. Fourth, between the 1810s and the 1860s, vital rates and the real wage were stationary, which is consistent with a post-Malthusian regime in which technological progress depended on population size. The 1810s marked the time when Germany transited from a Malthusian regime in disequilibrium to the post-Malthusian era.
Self-selection of Asylum Seekers: Evidence From Germany
Authors: Guichard Lucas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
I examine the pattern of selection on education of asylum seekers recently arrived in Germany from five key source countries: Afghanistan, Albania, Iraq, Serbia, and Syria. The analysis relies on original individual-level data collected in Germany combined with surveys conducted at origin. The results reveal a positive pattern of selection on education for asylum seekers who were able to flee Iraq and Syria, and the selection is neutral for individuals seeking asylum from Afghanistan and negative for asylum seekers from Albania and Serbia. I provide an interpretation of these patterns based on differences in the expected length of stay at destination, the migration costs faced by asylum seekers to reach Germany, and the size of migration networks at destination.
Approaches to Inclusion and Social Participation in School for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC)—a Systematic Research Review
Authors: Lüddeckens Johanna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis systematic research review identifies approaches of inclusive education concerning adolescents with autism spectrum (ASC) without intellectual disability (ID). The definitions of inclusion, whose perspectives are taken into account, approaches, and the implications suggested for best practices are reviewed in the articles included in this study. The results show how inclusion is defined as a sense of social acceptance and an approach that physical placement in a regular class can lead to social participation. Taking into account students’ perspectives is seen as important. Implications for best practice include information on how to improve school personnel’s reflections on their responsibilities and expectations of students with disabilities and points to difficulties for teachers in meeting the diversity of students in the classroom.
Which Prior Mathematical Knowledge Is Necessary for Study Success in the University Study Entrance Phase? Results on a New Model of Knowledge Levels Based on a Reanalysis of Data from Existing Studies
Authors: Rach Stefanie , Ufer Stefan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe transition from school to tertiary mathematics courses, which involve advanced mathematics, is a challenge for many students. Prior research has established the central role of prior mathematical knowledge for successfully dealing with challenges in learning processes during the study entrance phase. However, beyond knowing that more prior knowledge is beneficial for study success, especially passing courses, it is not yet known how a level of prior knowledge can be characterized that is sufficient for a successful start into a mathematics program. The aim of this contribution is to specify the appropriate level of mathematical knowledge that predicts study success in the first semester. Based on theoretical analysis of the demands in tertiary mathematics courses, we develop a mathematical test with 17 items in the domain of Analysis. Thereby, we focus on different levels of conceptual understanding by linking between different (in)formal representation formats and different levels of mathematical argumentations. The empirical results are based on a re-analysis of five studies in which in sum 1553 students of bachelor mathematics and mathematics teacher education programs deal with some of these items in each case. By identifying four levels of knowledge, we indicate that linking multiple representations is an important skill at the study entrance phase. With these levels of knowledge, it might be possible to identify students at risk of failing. So, the findings could contribute to more precise study advice and support before and while studying advanced mathematics at university.
Political corruption and the congestion of controllability in social networks
Authors: Solimine Philip C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBy viewing political and social corruption through the lens of the control theory of complex systems, this paper will provide some insight into the effects of corruption and outside control on incentives which direct the formation and evolution of social networks, and the intrinsic hierarchies which they encode. This paper proposes and tests the hypothesis that changes in the rate of competition among nodes to raise their control capacity, incentivized by the anticipation of payment through political corruption opportunities, can be identified by changes in an indicator of the controllability of the network at points where the network undergoes a structural change. A theoretical model of control input preference is formulated which leads to a testable hypothesis about the direction of correlation between controllability of a network and the presence of corruption. Results support the hypothesis that as corruption increases, the network becomes more difficult to control as all members alter their linking strategies to ensure that they get a piece of the action. We describe this novel effect as “hierarchical congestion”, to reflect the emergent phenomenon in which individuals making effort to move themselves to the top of the controllability hierarchy increase the number of driver nodes required to fully control the network.
Pharmacological Treatment of Fibrosis: a Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
Authors: Siani Alessandro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe term “fibrosis” refers to a spectrum of connective tissue disorders characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix leading to organ dysfunction and, ultimately, failure. Fibrosis affects millions of patients worldwide and often manifests itself as a late-stage pathological condition associated with poor prognostic outcome. Although the aetiology and clinical course vary widely depending on the affected organ, fibrotic degeneration of different tissues is underpinned by similar molecular and cellular mechanisms, most notably the persistence and dysregulated activity of myofibroblasts. A systematic search of clinical trials was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane to qualitatively evaluate the effectiveness of different therapeutic approaches to the pharmacological targeting of myofibroblasts in patients affected by fibrotic disorders. The systematic search and screening returned 54 eligible clinical trials, 38 of which reported an improvement of the patients’ symptoms following treatment. The majority of the eligible articles focused on fibrotic degeneration of the respiratory system, skin, liver, and kidneys. The evaluation of clinical data unearthed commonalities between strategies that successfully ameliorated symptoms in patients affected by the same fibrotic disorder. However, none of the treatments evaluated in this study could improve symptoms across a range of fibrotic pathologies. These results indicate that, although no “one size fits all” treatment for fibrosis has yet been identified, the systematic analysis of clinical data can be used to inform the development of therapeutical strategies tailored to suit the diverse aetiology of each fibrotic condition.
Quantification of the Land Potential for Scaling Agroforestry in South Asia
Authors: Ahmad Firoz , Uddin Md. Meraj , Goparaju Laxmi , Rizvi Javed , Biradar Chandrashekhar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTrees are an integral part of the sustainable farming practices that can withstand extreme weather events, pest risks, and optimize land and water productivity to achieve food, fuel, fodder and nutritional security while safeguarding the environmental flows. This study was undertaken to analyze the landscape potential for the South Asian region in the geospatial domain utilizing the FAO’s land suitability criteria. The key datasets were derived from satellite remote sensing at a global and regional scale for land, soil, climate, and topography and were used to model the agroforestry suitability across South Asia. Furthermore, the agroforestry suitability categories and tree cover dominance were investigated with respect to the total geographical area, agriculture land cover and with climate variables to understand the present and future trends. The comprehensive analysis revealed that 69% of the total geographical area retains 55% and greater suitability for agroforestry. The analysis revealed that nearly 73.4% of the landscape is absent (0%) of tree cover, 7.1%, shows 1–10% and 19.5% area having more than 10% tree cover. The tree dominance/hotspot analyses in the agriculture land were found notably high in the multiple farming components such as home gardens. The single crop of irrigated and rain-fed croplands showed high land suitability towards agroforestry. Such land can be utilized to enhance the tree cover that suits locally as per the farmer's need based on a community-driven participatory approach to bring the sustainability and resilience in degraded landscapes (FAO in Agroforestry for landscape restoration, 2017). The future climate data analysis showed a significant change in the distribution of temperature and precipitation that will influence future farming practices in South Asia. The agroforestry suitability and tree cover mapping results/analysis will assist crucially the agroforestry policymakers/planners in the various South Asian countries to implement and extend it to the new area. The analysis clearly shows that the advent of big data, remote sensing and GIS provide insights into the agroforestry interventions and scaling which further helps in building resilient landscapes for sustainable agri-food systems, livelihoods, safeguarding the environmental security and supporting some of the important sustainable development goals (SDGs).
Recommendations for prevention and management of COVID‐19 in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Lai Xue‐Li , Wang Hai‐Yan , Guo Zhi‐Yong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe World Health Organization characterized coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Peritoneal dialysis patients have a weakened immune system that is associated with a high morbidity of infection. Thus, COVID‐19 prevention measures and management for patients on peritoneal dialysis are urgent and critical. Based on published research on COVID‐19 and previous clinical practices for similar coronavirus outbreaks, we aimed to make recommendations to manage patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
Evidence for the management of challenging behaviours in patients with acute traumatic brain injury or post-traumatic amnesia: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Block Heather , George Stacey , Milanese Steve , Dizon Janine , Bowen-Salter Holly , Jenkinson Felicity 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:To synthesise the current best evidence on both pharmacological and non-pharmacological behaviour management interventions for adult patients in the acute hospital setting with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or post-traumatic amnesia (PTA).Data Sources:A comprehensive search of 10 electronic databases was completed.Study Selection:Systematic reviews (SRs) published in English before September 2018 were included. Initial search resulted in 4604 citations, 2916 for title and abstract screening with duplicates removed, and 2909 articles failed to meet the inclusion criteria leaving seven reviews for inclusion. Five reporting pharmacological management approaches, two reporting non-pharmacological management approaches, and one reporting both pharmacological and non-pharmacological management approaches.Data Extraction:Methodological quality was assessed independently by two reviewers using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Tool for SRs. Data were extracted from the studies based on the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Methodology for JBI Umbrella Reviews.Data Synthesis:The SRs were of low-to-moderate quality overall. High-quality SRs were characterised by low numbers of studies and significant biases. The evidence relating to pharmacological interventions demonstrates low level and variable quality. The evidence relating to non-pharmacological interventions was limited and of low quality.Conclusions:The current evidence for the management of challenging behaviours in patients with acute TBI/PTA is generally equivocal, potentially reflecting the heterogeneity of patients with TBI and their clinical behaviours. More studies with rigorous methodologies are required to investigate the most suitable pharmacological and non-pharmacological behavioural interventions for the acute phase of TBI or PTA.
Ethical, Legal, and Social Challenges in the Development and Implementation of Disaster Telemedicine
Authors: Tedeschi Christopher 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIn recent years, advances in communications technology and market factors have led to a substantial expansion of telemedicine practice. One potential use of telemedicine is in disaster response, both as a resource for responders as well as a direct link to patients. The advantages of using telehealth to assist in disaster response are accompanied by important questions related to social impact, ethical implications, and regulatory oversight. A narrative review of several of these issues is presented here. The next steps in the development of a robust disaster telemedicine system will include the development of best practices and ethical guidelines agreed upon by all stakeholders, as well as the development of public-private partnerships geared at providing the highest quality disaster telemedicine to the greatest possible number of patients.