bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The postcranial anatomy ofWhatcheeria deltaeand its implications for the family Whatcheeriidae
Authors: Otoo Benjamin K A , Bolt John R , Lombard R Eric , Angielczyk Kenneth D , Coates Michael I 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHere we describe the postcranial skeleton and present the first full-body reconstruction of the early tetrapod Whatcheeria deltae from the Viséan of Iowa. The skeletal proportions, including an elongate neck and large limbs, are unlike those of other Devonian and Mississippian tetrapods. The robust limbs of Whatcheeria appear adapted for a walking gait, but the lateral lines of the cranium are fundamentally unsuited for sustained subaerial exposure. Thus, although Whatcheeria bears a general resemblance to certain terrestrially adapted Permian and Triassic members of crown tetrapod lineages, its unusual form signals a broader range of early amphibious morphologies and habits than previously considered. From the exceptionally rich collection it is evident that most Whatcheeria specimens represent immature individuals. Rare specimens suggest an adult body size of at least 2 m, over twice that of the holotype. Further comparison suggests that the Pederpes holotype might also be a juvenile and reveals a combination of hindlimb characters unique to Whatcheeria and Pederpes. These new data contribute to a revised diagnosis of the family Whatcheeriidae and a re-evaluation of fragmentary Devonian–Carboniferous fossils reported as ‘whatcheeriid’ but sharing no synapomorphies with the more precisely defined clade.
How close are we to anterior robotic skull base surgery?
Authors: Campbell Raewyn G. , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
The application of robotic surgery to anterior skull base disease has yet to be defined despite the potential for improved tumour resection with less morbidity in this region. Complex anatomy and restricted access have limited the development of robotic anterior skull base surgery.

Recent findings
A limited number of transoral robotic surgical anterior skull base procedures have been undertaken; however, there are significant limitations to the utilization of this technology in the anterior skull base. In this article, the advantages, disadvantages and limitations of robotic anterior skull base surgery are discussed. Currently, the major limitation is the size of the robotic endoscope and of the available instrumentation. Technological advancements that provide promise for the future development of robotic anterior skull base surgery are in development, such as single-port robots, flexible instrument systems and miniaturization and growth of minimally invasive platforms.

Summary
Although transnasal access to the skull base is not possible with the currently available robotic systems, promising technology does exist and is in development. Robotic anterior skull base surgery promises to provide greater access to skull base disease, improve oncologic results, reduce morbidity and to reduce the ergonomic burden on the surgeon.
Job satisfaction factors for housekeepers in the hotel industry: a global comparative analysis
Authors: Andrade Maureen Snow , Miller Doug , Westover Jonathan H. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study offers a global comparative analysis of variables associated with job satisfaction, specifically work-life balance, intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, and work relations on job satisfaction for hotel housekeepers.Design/methodology/approachThe study analyzes these variants across 29 countries using International Social Survey Program data.FindingsFindings indicate significant differences in job satisfaction for hotel housekeepers across countries, lower job satisfaction for hospitality occupations compared to all other occupational categories, lower job satisfaction for hotel housekeepers than employees in other hospitality occupations, and a statistically significant positive impact of some elements of work-life balance, intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, and coworker relations on job satisfaction.Originality/valueThe hospitality industry is characterized by poor work-life balance, high turnover rates and limited rewards. Hotel housekeepers report lower levels of satisfaction than other hospitality workers in terms of work-life balance, pay, relationships with managers, useful work and interesting work. Housekeepers play an important role in hotel quality and guest satisfaction. As such, understanding and addressing factors contributing to job satisfaction for hotel housekeepers is critical for managers
Circular economy versus planetary limits: a Slovak forestry sector case study
Authors: Beckmann Andreas , Sivarajah Uthayasankar , Irani Zahir 
Published: December 2020

PurposeCircular economy is presented as an approach to economic growth that is in line with sustainable development. However, the recent literature has highlighted the limits of the concept in terms of environmental sustainability. The study examines the relationship between circular economy and conservation of ecosystems, using a case study on the implications of a circular economy for Slovak forests and forest sector.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a qualitative methodology through a focused review of the relevant literature on circular economy and sustainable development and primary data gathered through semi-structured interviews with 15 experts and practitioners in the forest sector, forest conservation and circular economy context, both from within as well as outside of Slovakia.FindingsThe study finds that the forestry sector has an important role to play in a shift to a circular economy in Slovakia, with significant opportunities for improved efficiency as well as substitution of wood for non-renewable resources. There is also growing potential for ecosystem stewardship and restoration. However, the increased application of biomass could crowd out other needs, including for biodiversity. Safeguarding these services depends ultimately on good governance.Originality/valueThe study highlights that circular economy taken in a narrow focus on resource efficiency is insufficient to ensure environmental sustainability but rather needs to be set within the broader environmental and social context.
Expansionary monetary policy and corporate investment in an emerging market
Authors: Tran Quoc Trung 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of monetary loosening on corporate investment in an emerging market.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper begins this study by using a dynamic model to investigate the effect of monetary loosening on corporate investment. This paper uses money supply growth as a proxy for monetary loosening, as the State Bank of Vietnam relies mainly on a quantity-based policy. Next, this paper continues to analyze whether cash holdings are able to mitigate this effect. Finally, this paper examines the effect of monetary loosening on investment smoothing and the mitigating role of cash holding. The research sample includes 4,868 from 617 firms. This paper uses different regression techniques (i.e. pooled ordinary least squares clustered by firm, fixed effects, random effects and system generalized method of moments).

Findings
The research findings show that money supply growth is positively related to both corporate investment and investment smoothing. The effect of monetary loosening on corporate investment is mitigated by corporate cash holding. Moreover, this paper finds that the mitigating effect of cash holdings is stronger for financially constrained firms and non-state-owned enterprises.

Originality/value
Prior studies only focus on corporate investment under-tightening monetary policy; however, there is no research on firm investment under monetary loosening in an emerging market.
The public as projection
Authors: Morgner Christian 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
To develop a new conceptualisation of the public particular emphasis is placed on later developments in the work of Niklas Luhmann using theoretical terms such as medium, form and observation.

Design/methodology/approach
Current theoretical approaches conceptualise the public domain as a sphere, field or system, and theorists disagree about the range of meanings of the term public. While acknowledging that diversity of meanings, this paper seeks to avoid the limitations imposed by figures such as sphere, field or system by invoking the sociological theory developed by Niklas Luhmann.

Findings
Building on Luhmann’s work, the public is conceived here as (connection) medium and projection.

Originality/value
The paper draws on a range of diverse phenomena to illustrate the wider scope of this conception and its potential application, including public interactions, the transformation of texts as publications, audience formation, the role of media communication and the concept of traffic. In so doing, the paper contributes to the development of system theory as well as to a wide-ranging theory of the public.
Evaluation of an occupation‐based, mental‐health program: Meeting being, belonging and becoming needs
Authors: Rebeiro Gruhl Karen L. , Boucher Martin , Lacarte Sara 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionBeing, belonging and becoming are important theoretical constructs for occupational scientists and therapists, and for members of Northern Initiative for Social Action (NISA), located in northern Ontario, Canada. Collaborative research with service users guided the development of NISA and its evaluation tool: the 3B~S Scale. The aim of this paper is to share the results of the 2018 program evaluation.Methods113 participants completed a questionnaire consisting of the 3B~S Scale, demographic and program satisfaction questions, and open‐ended questions. Quantitative analysis used descriptive statistics followed by ordinal logistic regression to determine the intersectional effects of gender, race and age on becoming and system impact outcomes. Open‐ended responses were analysed thematically and triangulated with quantitative findings.ResultsParticipants agreed‐to‐strongly agreed that the program met their 3B needs (x = 4.20, SD = 0.24). Participants indicated strong satisfaction with the program (x = 4.38, SD = 0.66), and agreement that participating in the program reduced their reliance on other system‐based services (x = 3.96, SD = 0.24). The regression revealed no significant differences in gender, race or age in predicting six of 10 outcomes examined; race was not significant for any outcome. Younger females were more likely to agree that the work they do is part of a larger community charitable purpose, the program is helping them to achieve their goals, and is increasing their involvement in community. Younger participants were more likely to agree that participation facilitated a return to school or employment than older participants.ConclusionsOccupation‐based, mental health programs that address participants' being, belonging and becoming needs can contribute to improvements in perceived mental health and well‐being, as well as to improved community and system usage outcomes. The NISA model provides a framework for clinically operationalising the 3B's and may provide a unique contribution to ongoing theoretical discussions of these constructs within occupational therapy and science.
iTRAQ analysis reveals the effect of gabD and sucA gene knockouts on lysine metabolism and crystal protein formation in Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Yi Zixian , Zhang Tong , Xie Junyan , Zhu Zirong , Luo Sisi , Zhou Kexuan , Zhou Pengji , Chen Wenhui , Zhao Xiaoli , Sun Yunjun , Xia Liqiu , Ding Xuezhi 
Published: December 2020

SummaryLysine metabolism plays an important role in the formation of the insecticidal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The genes lam, gabD and sucA encode three key enzymes of the lysine metabolic pathway in Bt4.0718. The lam gene mainly affects the cell growth at stable period, negligibly affected sporulation and insecticidal crystal protein (ICP) production. While, the deletion mutant strains of the gabD and sucA genes showed that the growth, sporulation and crystal protein formation were inhibited, cells became slender, and insecticidal activity was significantly reduced. iTRAQ proteomics and qRT‐PCR used to analyse the differentially expressed protein (DEP) between the two mutant strains and the wild type strain. The functions of DEPs were visualized and statistically classified, which affect bacterial growth and metabolism by regulating biological metabolism pathways: the major carbon metabolism pathways, amino acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation pathways, nucleic acid metabolism, fatty acid synthesis and peptidoglycan synthesis. The gabD and sucA genes in lysine metabolic pathway are closely related to the sporulation and crystal proteins formation. The effects of DEPs and functional genes on basic cellular metabolic pathways were studied to provide new strategies for the construction of highly virulent insecticidal strains, the targeted transformation of functional genes.
Integrating the online OurRelationship program into a stepped‐care model of couple therapy
Authors: Le Yunying , Rothman Karen , Christensen Andrew , Doss Brian D. 
Published: December 2020

Due to various barriers, most relationally distressed couples do not seek couple therapy. With the COVID‐19 pandemic, many of these barriers are further exacerbated, while the need for relationship services has increased. To increase the reach of couple therapy both during and after the pandemic, we propose a stepped‐care model that utilises technology as a precursor to couple therapy and acts as an integral component of it. In this paper, we first introduce the OurRelationship program – an evidence‐based online relationship program that improves both relationship and individual functioning in several large‐scale, nationwide trials. We then describe how therapists can incorporate this program into an abbreviated, eight‐session course of couple therapy. We expect this integration will be useful to couple therapists from a variety of theoretical orientations and will address numerous common barriers to treatment including cost, scheduling difficulties and geographic distance from the therapist.Practitioner points

Couple therapists can leverage technology to increase their reach both during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.

The online OurRelationship program improves relationship and individual functioning in several nationwide clinical trials.

The OurRelationship program can be integrated into an eight‐session course of couple therapy to serve couples who would otherwise be unable or unwilling to attend therapy.
Using Robson's Ten‐Group Classification System for comparing caesarean section rates in Europe: an analysis of routine data from the Euro‐Peristat study
Authors: Zeitlin J , Durox M , Macfarlane A , Alexander S , Heller G , Loghi M , Nijhuis J , Sól Ólafsdóttir H , Mierzejewska E , Gissler M , Blondel B ,   the Euro‐Peristat Network
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveRobson's Ten Group Classification System (TGCS) creates clinically relevant sub‐groups for monitoring caesarean birth rates. This study assesses whether this classification can be derived from routine data in Europe and uses it to analyse national caesarean rates.DesignObservational study using routine data.SettingTwenty‐seven EU member states plus Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and the UK.PopulationAll births at ≥22 weeks of gestational age in 2015.MethodsNational statistical offices and medical birth registers derived numbers of caesarean births in TGCS groups.Main outcome measuresOverall caesarean rate, prevalence and caesarean rates in each of the TGCS groups.ResultsOf 31 countries, 18 were able to provide data on the TGCS groups, with UK data available only from Northern Ireland. Caesarean birth rates ranged from 16.1 to 56.9%. Countries providing TGCS data had lower caesarean rates than countries without data (25.8% versus 32.9%, P = 0.04). Countries with higher caesarean rates tended to have higher rates in all TGCS groups. Substantial heterogeneity was observed, however, especially for groups 5 (previous caesarean section), 6, 7 (nulliparous/multiparous breech) and 10 (singleton cephalic preterm). The differences in percentages of abnormal lies, group 9, illustrate potential misclassification arising from unstandardised definitions.ConclusionsAlthough further validation of data quality is needed, using TGCS in Europe provides valuable comparator and baseline data for benchmarking and surveillance. Higher caesarean rates in countries unable to construct the TGCS suggest that effective routine information systems may be an indicator of a country's investment in implementing evidence‐based caesarean policies.Tweetable abstractMany European countries can provide Robson's Ten‐Group Classification to improve caesarean rate comparisons.
Cholinergic receptor–independent modulation of intrinsic resonance in the rat subiculum neurons through inhibition of hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated channels
Authors: Vasnik Sonali , Sikdar Sujit K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimAcetylcholine release is vital in the pacing of theta rhythms in the hippocampus. The subiculum is the output region of the hippocampus with different neuronal subtypes that generate theta oscillations during arousal and rapid eye movement sleep. The combination of intrinsic resonance in the hippocampal neurons and the periodic excitation of hippocampal excitatory and inhibitory neurons by cholinergic pathway drives theta oscillations. However, the acetylcholine mediated effect on intrinsic subthreshold resonance generating hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated current, Ih of subicular neurons is unexplored. We studied the acetylcholine receptor‐independent effect of cholinergic agents on the intrinsic properties of subiculum principal neurons and the underlying mechanism.MethodsWe bath perfused acetylcholine or nicotine on rat brain slices in the presence of synaptic blockers. The physiological effect was studied by cholinergic fibres stimulation and electrophysiological recordings under whole‐cell mode of subiculum neurons using septohippocampal sections.ResultsExogenously applied acetylcholine in the presence of atropine affected two groups of subicular neurons differently. Acetylcholine reduced the resonance frequency and Ih in bursting neurons, whereas these properties were unaffected in regular firing neurons. Subsequently, the endogenously released acetylcholine by stimulation showed a selective suppressive effect on Ih, sag, and resonance in burst firing among the two excitatory neurons. Nicotine suppressed the Ih amplitude in burst firing neurons, which was evident by decreased sag amplitude and resonance frequency and increased excitability.ConclusionOur study suggests cell type‐specific acetylcholine receptor‐independent shift in resonance frequency by partially inhibiting HCN current during high cholinergic inputs.
Gender differences in socio‐demographics, clinical characteristic and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: A community‐based study in Shenzhen
Authors: Peng Xiaodong , Wang Shibin , Bi Jianqiang , You Liqin , Zhou Zhijian , Tan Wenyan , Xie Haiyan , Hu Chiyi , Ng Chee H. , Liu Tiebang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to explore the gender differences of community‐dwelling patients with schizophrenia in terms of socio‐demographics, clinical characteristic and quality of life (QOL).MethodsA total of 433 community‐dwelling patients with schizophrenia were recruited in Shenzhen city, China. Data were obtained from a face‐to‐face interview with standard research questionnaire. The QOL and insight were assessed using the WHOQOL‐BREF and the Chinese version of the insight and treatment attitude questionnaire, respectively.ResultsThis cross‐sectional study included 206 male and 227 female patients. Male patients were more likely to be educated, employed, smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol, and have an early age of illness onset. In contrast, female patients were more likely to be married/cohabitating and have drug side effects. There was no significant difference between genders across all QOL domain. Multiple regression analyzes showed that mental symptoms were negatively associated with all QOL domains, whereas frequency of exercise in the past year was positively associated with all QOL domains. Higher education levels, household per capita annual income in past year (≥100 000 RMB), employment status, IATQ score, drug side effects, marital status, and number of hospitalization were also significantly associated with specific QOL domains.DiscussionThere was significant gender difference in socio‐demographics and clinical characteristics among community schizophrenia patients in Shenzhen city. Gender‐specific intervention measures are needed to improve the functioning and QOL in patients with schizophrenia.
A conscious choice: Is it ethical to aim for unconsciousness at the end of life?
Authors: Takla Antony , Savulescu Julian , Wilkinson Dominic J. C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne of the most commonly referenced ethical principles when it comes to the management of dying patients is the doctrine of double effect (DDE). The DDE affirms that it is acceptable to cause side effects (e.g. respiratory depression) as a consequence of symptom‐focused treatment. Much discussion of the ethics of end of life care focuses on the question of whether actions (or omissions) would hasten (or cause) death, and whether that is permissible. However, there is a separate question about the permissibility of hastening or causing unconsciousness in dying patients. Some authors have argued that the DDE would not permit end of life care that directly aims to render the patient unconscious. The claim is that consciousness is an objective human good and therefore doctors should not intentionally (and permanently) suppress it. Three types of end of life care (EOLC) practices will be explored in this article. The first is symptom‐based management (e.g. analgesia); the second is proportional terminal sedation as a means of relieving suffering (also referred to as palliative sedation or continuous deep sedation); and finally, deliberate and rapid sedation to unconsciousness until death (a practice we call terminal anaesthesia in this paper). After examining the common arguments for the various types of symptom‐based management and sedation, we apply the DDE to the latter two types of EOLC practices. We argue that aiming at unconsciousness, contrary to some claims, can be morally good or at least morally neutral in some dying patients.