bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The specific metabolome profiling of patients infected by SARS-COV-2 supports the key role of tryptophan-nicotinamide pathway and cytosine metabolism
Authors: Blasco H. , Bessy C. , Plantier L. , Lefevre A. , Piver E. , Bernard L. , Marlet J. , Stefic K. , Benz-de Bretagne Isabelle , Cannet P. , Lumbu H. , Morel T. , Boulard P. , Andres C. R. , Vourc’h P. , Hérault O. , Guillon A. , Emond P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe biological mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection are only partially understood. Thus we explored the plasma metabolome of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 to search for diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers and to improve the knowledge of metabolic disturbance in this infection. We analyzed the plasma metabolome of 55 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and 45 controls by LC-HRMS at the time of viral diagnosis (D0). We first evaluated the ability to predict the diagnosis from the metabotype at D0 in an independent population. Next, we assessed the feasibility of predicting the disease evolution at the 7th and 15th day. Plasma metabolome allowed us to generate a discriminant multivariate model to predict the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in an independent population (accuracy > 74%, sensitivity, specificity > 75%). We identified the role of the cytosine and tryptophan-nicotinamide pathways in this discrimination. However, metabolomic exploration modestly explained the disease evolution. Here, we present the first metabolomic study in SARS-CoV-2 patients which showed a high reliable prediction of early diagnosis. We have highlighted the role of the tryptophan-nicotinamide pathway clearly linked to inflammatory signals and microbiota, and the involvement of cytosine, previously described as a coordinator of cell metabolism in SARS-CoV-2. These findings could open new therapeutic perspectives as indirect targets.
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase regulates light-induced phase advance of the central circadian rhythm in mice
Authors: Kawaguchi Chihiro , Shintani Norihito , Hayata-Takano Atsuko , Hatanaka Michiyoshi , Kuromi Ai , Nakamura Reiko , Yamano Yui , Shintani Yusuke , Nagai Katsuya , Tsuchiya Soken , Sugimoto Yukihiko , Ichikawa Atsushi , Okuno Yasushi , Urade Yoshihiro , Hirai Hiroyuki , Nagata Kin-ya , Nakamura Masataka , Narumiya Shuh , Nakazawa Takanobu , Kasai Atsushi , Ago Yukio , Takuma Kazuhiro , Baba Akemichi , Hashimoto Hitoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe previously showed that mice lacking pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) exhibit attenuated light-induced phase shift. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we performed gene expression analysis of laser capture microdissected suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCNs) and found that lipocalin-type prostaglandin (PG) D synthase (L-PGDS) is involved in the impaired response to light stimulation in the late subjective night in PACAP-deficient mice. L-PGDS-deficient mice also showed impaired light-induced phase advance, but normal phase delay and nonvisual light responses. Then, we examined the receptors involved in the response and observed that mice deficient for type 2 PGD2 receptor DP2/CRTH2 (chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells) show impaired light-induced phase advance. Concordant results were observed using the selective DP2/CRTH2 antagonist CAY10471. These results indicate that L-PGDS is involved in a mechanism of light-induced phase advance via DP2/CRTH2 signaling.
Unraveling the energetic significance of chemical events in enzyme catalysis via machine-learning based regression approach
Authors: Song Zilin , Zhou Hongyu , Tian Hao , Wang Xinlei , Tao Peng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe bacterial enzyme class of β-lactamases are involved in benzylpenicillin acylation reactions, which are currently being revisited using hybrid quantum mechanical molecular mechanical (QM/MM) chain-of-states pathway optimizations. Minimum energy pathways are sampled by reoptimizing pathway geometry under different representative protein environments obtained through constrained molecular dynamics simulations. Predictive potential energy surface models in the reaction space are trained with machine-learning regression techniques. Herein, using TEM-1/benzylpenicillin acylation reaction as the model system, we introduce two model-independent criteria for delineating the energetic contributions and correlations in the predicted reaction space. Both methods are demonstrated to effectively quantify the energetic contribution of each chemical process and identify the rate limiting step of enzymatic reaction with high degrees of freedom. The consistency of the current workflow is tested under seven levels of quantum chemistry theory and three non-linear machine-learning regression models. The proposed approaches are validated to provide qualitative compliance with experimental mutagenesis studies.
Hybrid IPT system with natural CC–CV output characteristics for EVs battery charging applications
Authors: Li Guanxi , Ma Hao 
Published: October 2020

To charge the battery of electric vehicles (EVs), inductive power transfer (IPT) system has been considered to be more appropriate than traditional plug‐in system especially for its security and convenience. This study proposes a hybrid IPT system for EVs charging applications adopting one transmitter coil with series compensation and two receiver coils with series compensation and LCL compensation. With the help of the two receiver coils and proper parameters design, the proposed system can naturally obtain constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) outputs and the maximum output power can be naturally limited which can prevent the system from possible overload. Therefore, the reliability of the proposed system is increased. Since the mode switching process can be automatically realised according to the value of battery equivalent load without extra control strategy and circuit, the fixed‐frequency control can be used. Therefore, not only zero phase angle condition, but also the soft switching can be achieved. The theoretical analysis is presented with the design process of the IPT coils and resonance parameters for required battery charging profile. The performance of the system is verified by a 3.3 kW experimental prototype. The experimental results coincide well with the theoretical analysis.
Novel aluminium/polyvinylidene fluoride metastable intermolecular composite film prepared by solution casting method
Authors: He Pengfei , Wang Yajun , Li Shihui , Wan Yi 
Published: October 2020

One challenge in the application of traditional metastable intermolecular composite (MIC) material is that MIC particles are not compatible with micro‐electro‐mechanical system. In the authors’ work, a solution casting method was employed to prepare aluminium/polyvinylidene fluoride (Al/PVDF) MIC films. The morphological, structural and compositional information of the samples were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The energy‐release characteristics of Al/PVDF films were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that heat output and mass loss increased as the thickness of MIC films reduced. The maximum heat release of the main exothermic peak was 1032 J/g. The kinetics process could be divided into three stages with apparent activation energy calculated by Kissinger and Starink methods of 128.86, 164.69 and 153.16 kJ/mol, respectively.
Effect of mantle oxidation state and escape upon the evolution of Earth’s magma ocean atmosphere
Authors: Katyal Nisha , Ortenzi Gianluigi , Lee Grenfell John , Noack Lena , Sohl Frank , Godolt Mareike , García Muñoz Antonio , Schreier Franz , Wunderlich Fabian , Rauer Heike 
Published: October 2020

Context. The magma ocean period was a critical phase determining how Earth’s atmosphere developed into habitability. However, there are major uncertainties in the role of key processes such as outgassing from the planetary interior and escape of species to space that play a major role in determining the atmosphere of early Earth.
Aims. We investigate the effect of outgassing of various species and escape of H2 for different mantle redox states upon the composition and evolution of the atmosphere for the magma ocean period.
Methods. We included an important new atmosphere-interior coupling mechanism: the redox evolution of the mantle, which strongly affects the outgassing of species. We simulated the volatile outgassing and chemical speciation at the surface for various redox states of the mantle by employing a C-H-O based chemical speciation model combined with an interior outgassing model. We then applied a line-by-line radiative transfer model to study the remote appearance of the planet in terms of the infrared emission and transmission. Finally, we used a parameterized diffusion-limited and XUV energy-driven atmospheric escape model to calculate the loss of H2 to space.
Results. We have simulated the thermal emission and transmission spectra for reduced and oxidized atmospheres present during the magma ocean period of Earth. Reduced/thin atmospheres consisting of H2 in abundance emit more radiation to space and have a larger effective height than oxidized/thick atmospheres, which are abundant in H2O and CO2. We obtain that the outgassing rates of H2 from the mantle into the atmosphere are a factor of ten times higher than the rates of diffusion-limited escape to space. We estimate the timescale of total mass loss of outgassed H2 via escape to be few tens of million years, which is comparable to other studies.
Conclusions. Our work presents useful insight into the development of the terrestrial atmosphere during the magma ocean period and provides input to guide future studies that discuss exoplanetary interior compositions and their possible links with atmospheric compositions that might be estimated from observed infrared spectra by future missions.
Cell salvage within adult and pediatric idiopathic scoliosis surgery: A random cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Mohrej Omar A. , Al-Torbaq Bayan , Hshem Raed , Sayer Jason , Al-Rabiah Anwar M. , Al-Zayed Zayed S. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the use of a cell savage and its impact on the amount of allogenic blood transfused to the patients during idiopathic scoliosis surgery. Methods: A total of 142 randomly selected patients with scoliosis had been included in this study. The adult group consisted of 78 patients, and the pediatric group, 64 patients. Both groups were divided into subgroups (pre-cell saver era and cell saver era). Data on the following parameters were collected: amount of blood transfused intraoperatively, within 24 h postoperatively, and overall. The number of patients who received transfusion was counted as the number of patients who avoided any transfusion. For statistical purposes, we performed unpaired student t-test, chi-square test, and Mann–Whitney test. Results: There was no significant difference in adult groups perioperatively. In the pediatric group, there was a statistically significant difference intraoperatively. Economic analysis of blood management showed positive numbers for both groups, where more than 1 unit of blood was transfused. Conclusions: Statistical analysis showed the cost-effectiveness of the perioperative use of cell salvage during pediatric scoliosis surgery. Overall, the use of cell salvage during scoliosis surgery had a positive impact on both blood management and patient recovery.
Artificial Intelligence in Small Bowel Endoscopy: Current Perspectives and Future Directions
Authors: Meher Dinesh , Gogoi Mrinal , Bharali Pankaj , Anirvan Prajna , Singh Shivaram Prasad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is a computer system that is able to perform tasks which normally require human intelligence. The role of AI in the field of gastroenterology has been gradually evolving since its inception in the 1950s. Discovery of wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) and balloon enteroscopy (BE) has revolutionized small gut imaging. While WCE is a relatively patient-friendly and noninvasive mode to examine the nonobstructed small gut, it is limited by a lengthy examination time and the need for expertise in reading images acquired by the capsule. Similarly, BE, despite having the advantage of therapeutic intervention, is costly, invasive, and requires general sedation. Incorporation of concepts like machine learning and deep learning has been used to handle large amounts of data and images in gastroenterology. Interestingly, in small gut imaging, the application of AI has been limited to WCE only. This review was planned to examine and summarize available published data on various AI-based approaches applied to small bowel disease.
We conducted an extensive literature search using Google search engine, Google Scholar, and PubMed database for published literature in English on the application of different AI techniques in small bowel endoscopy, and have summarized the outcome and benefits of these applications of AI in small bowel endoscopy. Incorporation of AI in WCE has resulted in significant advancements in the detection of various lesions starting from dysplastic mucosa, inflammatory and nonmalignant lesions to the detection of bleeding with increasing accuracy and has shortened the lengthy review time in image analysis. As most of the studies to evaluate AI are retrospective, the presence of inherent selection bias cannot be excluded. Besides, the interpretability (black-box nature) of AI models remains a cause for concern. Finally, issues related to medical ethics and AI need to be judiciously addressed to enable its seamless use in future.
Beyond the Tip of the Blade: An Investigation of Upper Extremity Machete Injuries in Honduras
Authors: Johnson Anna Rose , Laínez Stephanie S. , Santos Herman J. , Chen Austin D. , Laínez Carlos , Lin Samuel J. , Agag Richard L. , Lee Bernard T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Machete injuries constitute a major cause of morbidity in Honduras. In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence, initial management, surgical treatment, and follow-up patterns for machete injuries at the national public hospital in Honduras. Microsurgery in Honduras is currently in transition with limitations at multiple levels. This study aims to provide critical information to better prepare visiting surgeons and establishes a blueprint to improve microsurgical reconstruction.
Methods A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients with machete injuries to the upper extremity (UE) who presented to the Hospital Escuela Universitario (HEU) for treatment from 2015 to 2017. Additional microsurgical data was obtained by personal communication with members of the plastic surgery department at the HEU.
Results Complete data was retrieved for 100 patients who presented to the HEU with a UE machete wound. The cohort was male dominated (93%), employed as farmers (47%), and had a mean age of 32.1 years. Violence was the most common mechanism of injury (p < 0.001). The majority of UE machete injuries involved tendon (70%), nerve (28%), and an open fracture (55%). Of the 76% of patients who were scheduled for a follow-up visit, only 25% attended. Within the last calendar year, one replantation, 10 revascularizations at the wrist and forearm level, three microvascular free tissue transfers, and 175 nerve repairs were performed.
Conclusion Management of UE machete injuries in Honduras is challenging and requires early recognition of possible injuries to multiple anatomical systems. The majority of injuries required operative intervention. Only a small percentage of patients presented for follow up. A program to streamline care starting at injury recognition up to final follow-up is currently unavailable and needs to be developed to optimize microsurgical care.
Poverty and precarious employment: the case of Rohingya refugee construction workers in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Nungsari Melati , Flanders Sam , Chuah Hui-Yin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHow do refugees economically cope in host countries where they have no legal right to work? Most Southeast Asian countries have not ratified the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention. This implies that many refugees in this region do not enjoy any protection from the law, do not possess the legal right to work, and often resort to participation in dirty, dangerous, and demeaning jobs in order to make ends meet. In this paper, we study Rohingya refugees working as construction workers in the informal economy in Peninsular Malaysia by employing a mixed methods methodology. Specifically, we utilize micro-level survey data collected from a representative population of 314 Rohingya refugee workers in the construction industry, as well as in-depth interviews conducted with a subset of 77 of the survey respondents. Using the survey data, we first provide an overview of the social and economic lives of our respondents by summarizing key variables such as demographics, integration measures, and healthcare access. We then utilize regression analysis to understand the relationships between these variables. The key quantitative finding is that Rohingya refugees in the construction industry earn significantly above minimum wage in Malaysia (albeit less than their legal counterparts), and significantly more than their earnings prior to arriving in Malaysia. This is true even after adjusting for purchasing power. We then conduct a thematic analysis on the qualitative data obtained through the interviews to understand the dimensions of employment for the respondents. We find that although the construction industry in Peninsular Malaysia has provided Rohingya refugees with the means to escape poverty, they still face a tremendous amount of precarity and uncertainty in their lives.
Benefits of human-animal interactions for mental health and well-being.
Authors: Hediger Karin , Beetz Andrea M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

This impact of animals on human health and well-being are described. This chapter begins by providing a short overview of the general known positive effects on human mental health and wellbeing from the contact with pets that are kept at home as companion animals, describes case examples of a companion animal providing social and emotional stability during a crisis and the important aspects of pet keeping for healthy aging. This is followed by the specific effects on human mental health from animals introduced into interventions to address human mental health problems based on recent studies. A case example is included regarding the importance of a One Health approach in this field by focusing on the two different sides of the partners involved: (i) the patient and (ii) the animal. Finally, the interconnectedness of human and animal well-being in animal-assisted interventions, human-pet relationships with lessons learned and gaps in application of the One Health framework for animal-assisted interventions are discussed.
LDA+U study of hydrostatic pressure effect on double perovskite Sr2FeNbO6: crystal structure, mechanical and electronic properties
Authors: Rosas-Huerta J L , Antonio J E , Romero M , León-Flores J , Pilo J , Carvajal E , Escamilla R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To study the effect of the applied hydrostatic pressure on the crystal structure and the electronic and mechanical properties of the Sr2FeNbO6 compound, computational calculations in the density functional theory framework, with the local density approximation and Hubbard correction as it is treated by the CA-PZ exchange-correlation functional were performed. The tetragonal structure with the I4/m space group is reported stable in the range from zero to 50 GPa according to Born’s stability criterion. No crystal phase transition was found in agreement with experimental data; however, between 20 and 30 GPa, a brittle to ductile transition is confirmed by the Pugh’s criterion and Poisson’s ratio. Moreover, a change from ionic-covalent to metallic bonding is suggested by the Poisson’s ratio. This behavior is reflected in the electronic properties, through the controlled modulation of the energy bandgap (Eg (eV)) as a function of pressure, according to a fitted linear equation, Eg = (−0.016)P + 2.040. At 50 GPa, Eg value is 1.236 eV, very close to the ideal 1.34 eV, which is required for hydrogen generation and photovoltaic applications.
Selective excitation of vibrational states in three-state Na2 molecule by a chirped laser pulse
Authors: Chen Ya-Zhou , Wang Shuo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We have theoretically investigated the population transfer and the selective excitation of vibrational states of the target state in a three-state Na2 molecule using the chirped adiabatic passage. The population transfer among electronic states is studied. Compared with the single negative chirped pulse, complete population transfer can be achieved by using a positive chirped pulse. The effects of laser parameters on vibrational population distribution are discussed, and the selective excitation of vibrational states can be achieved by adjusting the central frequency. Finally, we give the method of selective excitation of specific vibrational states.
Experimental study on pedestrians’ uni- and bi-directional movement on staircases under emergency conditions
Authors: Gao Jin , Gong Jinghai , He Jun , Zhang Daxu , Qiu Guozhi , Zhang Jingjing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Staircases are main vertical evacuation passages in multi-story buildings characterized by different pedestrian flow from horizontal passages, such as corridors. Experiments were conducted to investigate crowd ascending and descending dynamics with different numbers of pedestrians in both uni- and bidirectional scenarios. Evacuation processes were recorded by video cameras and velocity sensors, and movement parameters were extracted from the recordings. Typical evacuation features on the staircase such as overtaking behavior, queuing behavior, repelling behavior, and packed and staggered motion mode are observed. The study explores velocity on the staircase as well as the fundamental diagram of velocity–density relationship. Experimental results show that ascending pedestrians could move upwards faster than descending pedestrians under emergency conditions. The stair landing can provide a wide and flat place for pedestrians to accelerate in unidirectional evacuation cases, but has a negative effect on evacuation velocity in bidirectional flow. The distribution of velocity in bidirectional evacuation is more convergent than in the unidirectional scenario. The study findings enrich evacuation modeling and improve the assessment of the pedestrians’ performance on staircases.