bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Be Aware of Inequality: Political Challenges and Redistributive Public Policies
Authors: Suaib Eka , Husein Najib , Santoso Dodi 
Published: May 2020

This article focused to uncover inequalities in natural resource management. The presence of a mining business in a region is dilemmatic. On one hand, it can be a blessing because regions need investment in order to boost regional income because companies can provide royalties to the government that grants permits, both to the regional government, provincial government, and district/city government. This is not to mention various taxes such as land rent, buildings, and other taxes. However, in terms of equality, especially in local community, a mining company discriminates and acts unfairly. The community stated that the mining company had no impact on welfare. The second dilemma is implicated in more inclusive development to reduce inequalities in the context of democracy. So far, studies on mining have been carried out by scientists from various perspectives such as mining, mining and investment governance, social conflicts in the mining sector, the impact of the mining sector on environmental damage, natural wealth in the mining sector, natural resources curse, and political economy of mining sector. Based on various studies above, scientists have not much attention to the dynamic aspects between mining management and the enforcement of citizenship rights. This study found the novelty, that in the context of regional autonomy which gives freedom to the regions and actors to manage natural wealth. By using a public policy perspective, this study found that the importance of policy making so that there is equality of rights. It is hoped that vulnerable and marginal groups can help to reduce inequality, especially on gaps that occur from time to time.
Government Strategy in Political Education as Public Participation Improvement to Reach Democracy System in Semarang City
Authors: Suparno Suparno , Karmanis Karmanis , Sunaryo Alexius 
Published: May 2020

Republic of Indonesia is a democratic country which means all matters in the country must be based on the wishes of the people. Successful democracy in a country can be judged by the implementation of direct, general, free, and secret elections. The people have the right to determine their government so that people have valuable values in a democratic country. In this study, researchers formulated the government strategy in political education as an effort to increase public participation in realizing a democratic system in Semarang City. This research used a descriptive qualitative method. This research was conducted in Semarang City, Central Java. The implementation of a political education by the Semarang City government has not been maximized. Based on the results of the research, the provision of information for the implementation of public political participation, especially the young age grouphas not been running optimally. Second, the Media (political parties) as an aggregation of the public interests, must be more active in building communication systems, one of which is by gathering public aspirations in public consultation forums. Third, the implementation of political activities are in various methods, such as social activities, seminars, studies, socialization and training, and coaching, those implementations are determined according to the right conditions, scheduled and routine, but do not rule out the possibility of activities adapted to existing conditions.
Indonesian Cyber Law Formulation in The Development Of National Laws In 4.0 Era
Authors: Nur Azmi Rama Halim 
Published: May 2020

The digital age has made the loss of boundaries for interaction and communication which then creates a new world of cyberspace. The cyberspace entity on the one hand provides advantages and on the other hand also causes losses if there is no protection in the cyberspace. Protection of cyberspace in Indonesia is still far from good and tends to be bad. Even President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono has been a victim of the weak protection of the cyberspace. These weaknesses are the implications of the existence of norms that are legal norms which are the basis of the implementation of cyberspace protection in Indonesia. In this paper ,we will discuss about the problems of cyberspace in Indonesia and how legal norms should be present as a means of social control and engineering. Especially the cyberspace in order to realize order and security in the cyberspace. The method used in this study is the normative juridical method with the legislation approach and case approach.
Analysis The Effectiveness Of Tax Relaxation Due To Covid-19 Pandemy On Indonesian Economic Defense
Authors: Munandar Mutiara Hamdalah 
Published: May 2020

The Act Number 28 of 2007 concerning General Provisions and Tax Procedures, it is explained that tax is a mandatory contribution to the state owed by individuals or entities that are forcing based on the law, with no direct compensation and is used for state purposes for the magnitude of people's prosperity. Indonesia began to impose taxes with a self assessment system or trust to calculate tax payable, pay off tax shortages, calculate taxes paid, and report to the Directorate General of Taxes themselves. On March 13, 2020, the Ministry of Finance said that income tax relaxation would be imposed. The government has issued Regulation of the Minister of Finance (PMK) number 23 / PMK.03 / 2020, regarding Tax Incentives for Taxpayers affected by Corona Virus. However, is this effective? What is the impact of this relaxation policy on Indonesia's economic defense?
Keyword : Taxes, Tax Relaxation, Income, Economic Defense
ENDOCRINOLOGY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19: Management of calcium metabolic disorders and osteoporosis
Authors: Gittoes Neil J , Criseno Sherwin , Appelman-Dijkstra Natasha M , Bollerslev Jens , Canalis Ernesto , Rejnmark Lars , Hassan-Smith Zaki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEndocrinologists have had to make rapid changes to services so that resources can be focused on the COVID-19 response to help prevent spread of the virus. Herein we provide pragmatic advice on the management of commonly encountered calcium metabolic problems and osteoporosis. Non-urgent elective appointments should be postponed, and remote consultations and digital health solutions promoted. Patients should be empowered to self-manage their conditions safely. Patients, their caregivers and healthcare providers should be directed to assured national or international online resources and specific patient groups. For patients in acute hospital settings, existing emergency guidance on the management of hyper- and hypo-calcaemia should be followed. An approach to osteoporosis management is outlined. IV zoledronic acid infusions can be delayed for 6–9 months during the pandemic. Patients established on denosumab, teriparatide and abaloparatide should continue planned therapy. In the event of supply issues with teriparatide or abaloparatide, pausing this treatment in the short term is likely to be relatively harmless, whereas delaying denosumab may cause an immediate increased risk of fracture. The challenge of this pandemic will act as a catalyst to innovate within our management of metabolic bone and mineral disorders to ensure best use of resources and resilience of healthcare systems in its aftermath.
Unique characterization of complex endocarditic vegetations using 3D TOE
Authors: Khan Muhammad , De Sousa Ruben , Rai Kam , Khan Jamal Nasir 
Published: May 2020

Summary
A 31-year-old male was admitted with suspected infective endocarditis, given a history of i.v. drug use, lung and cerebral abscesses and Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. TTE imaging was limited given supine positioning and mechanical ventilation but suggested a posterior mitral valve leaflet (PMVL) mass. Three-dimensional TOE provided uniquely detailed assessment of two complex infective masses. The attachment of the presumed P2 mass on TTE was indeterminant even on 2D-TOE, appearing attached to the PMVL or AMVL depending on rotational view (Fig. 1). 3D-TOE imaging and subsequent multiplanar and volume-rendered reconstruction revealed this to be a complex, large vegetation attached to the anterior aspect of the anterolateral commissure with mobile heads prolapsing into the left atrium and causing mild mitral regurgitation through a small basal perforation (Figs 2, 3 and Video 1). The second mass was a filamentous vegetation attached to the LVOT, prolapsing towards but not contacting the aortic valve (Fig. 4 and Video 2). Comprehensive assessment of complex vegetations is crucial for optimal surgical planning. 3D-TOE allows rapid, accurate, unique assessment of such masses through unlimited multiplanar reconstructions, volume-rendered real-time imaging and colour full-volume regurgitation assessment which may not always possible on 2D-TTE or 2D-TOE. 3D imaging should be routinely used in TOE and in particular in suspected endocarditis.
Children’s Mental Health Emergency Department Visits: 2007–2016
Authors: Lo Charmaine B. , Bridge Jeffrey A. , Shi Junxin , Ludwig Lorah , Stanley Rachel M. 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Emergency department (ED) visits for children seeking mental health care have increased. Few studies have examined national patterns and characteristics of EDs that these children present to. In data from the National Pediatric Readiness Project, it is reported that less than half of EDs are prepared to treat children. Our objective is to describe the trends in pediatric mental health visits to US EDs, with a focus on low-volume, nonmetropolitan EDs, which have been shown to be less prepared to provide pediatric emergency care.

METHODS:
Using 2007 to 2016 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample databases, we assessed the number of ED visits made by children (5–17 years) with a mental health disorder using descriptive statistics. ED characteristics included pediatric volume, children’s ED classification, and location.

RESULTS:
Pediatric ED visits have been stable; however, visits for deliberate self-harm increased 329%, and visits for all mental health disorders rose 60%. Visits for children with a substance use disorder rose 159%, whereas alcohol-related disorders fell 39%. These increased visits occurred among EDs of all pediatric volumes, regardless of children’s ED classification. Visits to low-pediatric-volume and nonmetropolitan areas rose 53% and 41%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although the total number of pediatric ED visits has remained stable, visits among children with mental health disorders have risen, particularly among youth presenting for deliberate self-harm and substance abuse. The majority of these visits occur at nonchildren’s EDs in both metropolitan and nonurban settings, which have been shown to be less prepared to provide higher-level pediatric emergency care.
Clinical Features of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury in Teenagers
Authors: Rao Devika R. , Maple Kendra L. , Dettori Amy , Afolabi Folashade , Francis Jenny K.R. , Artunduaga Maddy , Lieu Tiffany J. , Aldy Kim , Cao Dazhe James , Hsu Stephanie , Feng Sing Yi , Mittal Vineeta 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND:
In the United States in 2019, there was an outbreak of electronic cigarette, or vaping, product use–associated lung injury (EVALI). The manifestations of EVALI in adolescents are not well characterized. We describe the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of EVALI in adolescents hospitalized at a tertiary care, university-affiliated children’s hospital.

METHODS:
A multidisciplinary committee developed an EVALI algorithm on the basis of guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients diagnosed with EVALI. Descriptive analyses included sociodemographic characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging results, pulmonary function testing, oxygen requirements, and clinic follow-up.

RESULTS:
Thirteen hospitalized adolescents were diagnosed with confirmed or probable EVALI. The majority were female (54%) with a mean age of 15.9 years. Sixty-nine percent of patients presented with respiratory symptoms, whereas gastrointestinal symptoms were prominent in 85% of patients. Vaping Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol was reported in 92% of patients, and vaping nicotine was reported in 62% of patients. All had bilateral ground-glass opacities on the chest computed tomography (CT) scan. Treatment with glucocorticoids led to clinical improvement in 11 of 12 patients. Treatment with glucocorticoids led to improvement in both forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity (P &lt; .05). Four patients required home oxygen on the basis of 6-minute walk test results.

CONCLUSIONS:
Diagnosis of EVALI should be suspected on the basis of vaping history and clinical presentation. Glucocorticoid treatment led to an improvement in symptoms and lung function. The 6-minute walk test may help determine oxygen needs at discharge.
O riso e a ironia no relato de Marcos 5.1-20
Authors: Macedo dos Santos Paulo Sérgio 
Published: May 2020

Os estudos bíblicos avançaram muito sobre a seara da crítica literária nos últimos tempos. As funções narrativas do texto, bem como a diversidade de gêneros literários que os compõe, foram analisadas sob diversos prismas. A utilização de ferramentas da crítica literária moderna colabora para a imersão em níveis mais profundos daquilo que pode ser motivador na feitura do texto, que vão desde a construção mítica do arquétipo do herói, passando pela influência de outras culturas, até a presença da cultura popular. Poucas são as pesquisas que se debruçaram sobre as características do risível presente nessas construções narrativas.O presente estudo não tem a pretensão de exaurir todas as questões sobre o tema do riso em textos sagrados. Antes, procura relacionar a presença clara de aspectos do riso e do risível, da ironia e do sarcasmo como constantes no Evangelho de Marcos 5.1-20, evidenciando aquilo que, para alguns críticos do riso (Henri Bergson, Georges Minois, Quintiliano, entre outros), denota a presença da ironia, do chiste e do risível como elementos narrativos. A dicotomia imposta pelos estudos clássicos dificulta a interconexão de estilos como sério e risonho, e pode ser justificada por outra dicotomia que divide o mundo entre sagrado e profano. Neste artigo, busca-se refletir que nos ambientes criativos essas divisões são artificiais e esvaziadas de sentido.
Prolonged Opioid Use After Surgery for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Shen Chan , Thornton J. Douglas , Gu Dian , Dodge Daleela , Zhou Shouhao , He Weiguo , Zhao Hui , Giordano Sharon H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
This study examined the patterns of prolonged opioid use and the factors associated with higher risk of prolonged opioid use among opioid-naïve working-age patients with early-stage breast cancer.

Methods
Using MarketScan data, the study identified 23,440 opioid-naïve patients who received surgery for breast cancer between January 2000 and December 2014 and filled at least one opioid prescription attributable to surgery. Prolonged opioid use was defined as one or more prescriptions for opioids within 90 to 180 days after surgery and defined extra-prolonged opioid use as one or more opioid prescriptions between 181 and 365 days after surgery. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to ascertain factors associated with prolonged and extra-prolonged use of opioids.

Findings
Of the 23,440 patients, 4,233 (18%) had prolonged opioid use, and 2,052 (9%) had extra-prolonged opioid use. Patients who received mastectomy plus reconstruction had the highest rate of prolonged opioid use (38%) followed by mastectomy alone (15%). A multivariable logistic regression confirmed that patients with mastectomy and reconstruction had the highest odds ratio of prolonged opioid use compared to lumpectomy and whole breast irradiation (adjusted odds ratio, 5.6; 95% confidence interval, 5.1–6.1). Mean daily opioid dose was consistently high without any obvious dosage reduction among patients with opioid use.

Interpretation
This large observational study showed a high rate of prolonged opioid use among patients who received surgery for early-stage breast cancer and found significant difference in prolonged opioid use by treatment type.
Diz Osteoartrit hastalarında serum salusin-α ve salusin-β düzeyleri
Authors: SABAH ÖZCAN Seda 
Published: May 2020

Amaç:
Osteoartrit (OA), yaşlılarda yüksek prevalanslı majör kas-iskelet sistemi
hastalığıdır. Eklem kıkırdağının ağrılı
kaybı ile karakterize, poligenik ve çok faktörlüdür. Çalışmamızda diz osteoartrit hastalarında serum salusin-α ve salusin-β seviyelerini araştırmayı amaçladık.

Gereç
ve yöntemler: Serum örnekleri 38 sağlıklı ve 35 diz osteoartritli bireylerden elde
edilmiştir. Serum örneklerinde ELISA yöntemi ile salusin-α ve salusin-β
seviyeleri belirlenmiştir.

Bulgular: Serum salusin-α
seviyesi OA grubunda (2569±839 pg/mL), kontrol grubuna (3131±1066 pg/mL) kıyasla anlamlı olarak azalmıştır (p=0.0136).
Benzer şekilde serum
salusin-β seviyesi de OA grubunda (708±207
pg/mL) kontrol grubuna (1027±448
pg/mL) oranla düşük olarak bulunmuştur (p=0.0002).

Sonuç:
Diz OA hastalığında serum seviyesi düşük olan salusinlerin hangi
moleküler mekanizmalar üzerinden OA hastalığı ile ilişkili olduğunun
anlaşılması için daha ileri araştırmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Verification of runoff volume, peak discharge and sediment yield simulated using the ACRU model for bare fallow and sugarcane fields
Authors: Daniel Otim  , Jeff Smithers  , Aidan Senzanje  , Rianto van Antwerpen  
Published: May 2020

The Agricultural Catchments Research Unit (ACRU) model is a daily time step physical-conceptual agrohydrological model with various applications, design hydrology being one of them. Model verification is a measure of model performance and streamflow, soil water content and sediment yield simulated by the ACRU model have been extensively verified against observed data in southern Africa and internationally. The primary objective of this study was to verify simulated runoff volume, peak discharge and sediment yield against observed data from small catchments, under both bare fallow conditions and sugarcane production, which were located at La Mercy in South Africa. The study area comprised 4 research catchments, 101, 102, 103 and 104, monitored both under bare fallow conditions and sugarcane production, with different management practices per catchment. Observed data comprised: daily rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature, A-pan evaporation and runoff for the period 1978–1995, and peak discharge and sediment yield for the period 1984–1995. The data were checked for errors and and inconsistent records excluded from analysis. Runoff volume, peak discharge and sediment yield were simulated with the ACRU model and verified against the respective observed data. In general, the correlations between observed and simulated daily runoff volumes and peak discharge were acceptable (i.e. slopes of regression lines close to unity, R2 ≥ 0.6 and the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency close to unity). Similarly, the correlation between observed and simulated sediment yield was also good. From the results obtained, it is concluded that the ACRU model is suitable for the simulation of runoff volume, peak discharge and sediment yield from catchments under both bare fallow and sugarcane land cover in South Africa.
Utilidad de la Clínica Obstétrica para el manejo del antecedente de Cesárea
Authors: Rodríguez Víctor , Ardila Javier , Botero Luis F. 
Published: May 2020

En las últimas décadas se ha presentado un fenómeno francamente preocupante, relacionado con el aumento escandaloso de la tasa de cesáreas con implicaciones importantes como el aumento en los costos, implicaciones éticas y de morbimortalidad relacionada con la intervención. Se han realizado múltiples estudios al respecto y se ha concluido que una de las estrategias más efectivas para disminuir la tasa de cesáreas es la de permitir parto vaginal a las pacientes con antecedente de cesárea después de una adecuada selección que asegure la disminución de complicaciones como la ruptura uterina.
Conscientes de nuestro compromiso como departamento universitario en el entrenamiento de personal médico para contribuir a solucionar los problemas de la especialidad, fué como proyectamos la realización de este trabajo, en el que se capturó una muestra de 390 pacientes con cesárea previa que tuvieron su control prenatal en el ISS y fueron remitidas al término de su embarazo para su atención de parto. Estas fueron examinadas y clasificadas como aptas para prueba de trabajo de parto o programadas para la cesárea iterativa electiva, por un equipo de trabajo fijo conformado por el coordinador y el jefe de la unidad obstétrica. A las pacientes aptas se les presentó detalladamente las ventajas y riesgos de las dos opciones cesárea o parto vaginal y se respetó la voluntad de la paciente, de tal forma que a 135 (35%) se les dió prueba de trabajo y de estas 75 (56%) tuvieron parto por vía vaginal mientras que a las 60 (44%) restantes se les practicó cesárea intraparto.
No se presentó ninguna muerte materna ni fetal. Hubo un caso de ruptura uterina diagnosticada de la revisión uterina post-parto, que se manejó sin dificultad.
Recomendamos el trabajo de parto en el antecedente de cesárea cuando se cumplen todas las condiciones necesarias.
Garantías de no repetición y reformas legislativas: causas de la falta de pronunciamiento y denegación de reparaciones en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos a partir del caso Cinco Pensionistas vs. Perú
Authors: Zúñiga Reyes Marcela 
Published: May 2020

Las garantías de no repetición han supuesto un importante avance para las víctimas de violaciones a derechos humanos en la región, en especial aquellas que tienen relación con reformas a la legislación interna, dado que su principal objetivo es generar cambios estructurales en un Estado. Este trabajo presenta un estudio jurisprudencial sobre el comportamiento de la Corte IDH ante la solicitud de esta clase de reparaciones, a partir del caso Cinco Pensionistas vs. Perú, caso que marca el inicio de uno de los cambios reglamentarios más importante ante el sistema interamericano vinculado a la mayor participación de las víctimas en el proceso ante la CIDH y la Corte IDH. Bajo este contexto, se entrega un marco teórico sobre este tipo de repa­raciones y sus principales dificultades de implementación al interior de los Estados para luego dar a conocer los resultados del análisis jurisprudencial.