bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of continuous bed motion effects on patient breathing and respiratory motion correction in PET/CT imaging
Authors: Meier Joseph G. , Erasmus Jeremy J. , Gladish Gregory W. , Peterson Christine B. , Diab Radwan H. , Mawlawi Osama R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractContinuous bed motion (CBM) was recently introduced as an alternative to step‐and‐shoot (SS) mode for PET/CT data acquisition. In CBM, the patient is continuously advanced into the scanner at a preset speed, whereas in SS, the patient is imaged in overlapping bed positions. Previous investigations have shown that patients preferred CBM over SS for PET data acquisition. In this study, we investigated the effect of CBM versus SS on patient breathing and respiratory motion correction. One hundred patients referred for PET/CT were scanned using a Siemens mCT scanner. Patient respiratory waveforms were recorded using an Anzai system and analyzed using four methods: Methods 1 and 2 measured the coefficient of variation (COV) of the respiratory cycle duration (RCD) and amplitude (RCA). Method 3 measured the respiratory frequency signal prominence (RSP) and method 4 measured the width of the HDChest optimal gate (OG) window when using a 35% duty cycle. Waveform analysis was performed over the abdominothoracic region which exhibited the greatest respiratory motion and the results were compared between CBM and SS. Respiratory motion correction was assessed by comparing the ratios of SUVmax, SUVpeak, and CNR of focal FDG uptake, as well as Radiologists’ visual assessment of corresponding image quality of motion corrected and uncorrected images for both acquisition modes. The respiratory waveforms analysis showed that the RCD and RCA COV were 3.7% and 33.3% lower for CBM compared to SS, respectively, while the RSP and OG were 30.5% and 2.0% higher, respectively. Image analysis on the other hand showed that SUVmax, SUVpeak, and CNR were 8.5%, 4.5%, and 3.4% higher for SS compared to CBM, respectively, while the Radiologists’ visual comparison showed similar image quality between acquisition modes. However, none of the results showed statistically significant differences between SS and CBM, suggesting that motion correction is not impacted by acquisition mode.
The Plot Thickens: The Emerging Role of Matrix Viscosity in Cell Mechanotransduction
Authors: Cantini Marco , Donnelly Hannah , Dalby Matthew J. , Salmeron‐Sanchez Manuel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCell mechanotransduction is an area of intense research focus. Until now, very limited tools have existed to study how cells respond to changes in the extracellular matrix beyond, for example, mechanical deformation studies and twisting cytometry. However, emerging are a range of elastic, viscoelastic and even purely viscous materials that deform and dissipate on cellular length and timescales. This article reviews developments in these materials, typically translating from 2D model surfaces to 3D microenvironments and explores how cells interact with them. Specifically, it focuses on emerging concepts such as the molecular clutch model, how different extracellular matrix proteins engage the clutch under viscoelastic‐stress relaxation conditions, and how mechanotransduction can drive transcriptional control through regulators such as YAP/TAZ.
Fully Conjugated Phthalocyanine Copper Metal–Organic Frameworks for Sodium–Iodine Batteries with Long‐Time‐Cycling Durability
Authors: Wang Faxing , Liu Zaichun , Yang Chongqing , Zhong Haixia , Nam Gyutae , Zhang Panpan , Dong Renhao , Wu Yuping , Cho Jaephil , Zhang Jian , Feng Xinliang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRechargeable sodium–iodine (Na–I2) batteries are attracting growing attention for grid‐scale energy storage due to their abundant resources, low cost, environmental friendliness, high theoretical capacity (211 mAh g−1), and excellent electrochemical reversibility. Nevertheless, the practical application of Na–I2 batteries is severely hindered by their poor cycle stability owing to the serious dissolution of polyiodide in the electrolyte during charge/discharge processes. Herein, the atomic modulation of metal–bis(dihydroxy) species in a fully conjugated phthalocyanine copper metal–organic framework (MOF) for suppression of polyiodide dissolution toward long‐time cycling Na–I2 batteries is demonstrated. The Fe2[(2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24‐octahydroxy phthalocyaninato)Cu] MOF composited with I2 (Fe2–O8–PcCu/I2) serves as a cathode for a Na–I2 battery exhibiting a stable specific capacity of 150 mAh g−1 after 3200 cycles and outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art cathodes for Na–I2 batteries. Operando spectroelectrochemical and electrochemical kinetics analyses together with density functional theory calculations reveal that the square planar iron–bis(dihydroxy) (Fe–O4) species in Fe2–O8–PcCu are responsible for the binding of polyiodide to restrain its dissolution into electrolyte. Besides the monovalent Na–I2 batteries in organic electrolytes, the Fe2–O8–PcCu/I2 cathode also operates stably in other metal–I2 batteries like aqueous multivalent Zn–I2 batteries. Thus, this work offers a new strategy for designing stable cathode materials toward high‐performance metal–iodine batteries.
Quantum‐Confinement‐Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties in Modulation‐Doped GaAs–AlGaAs Core–Shell Nanowires
Authors: Fust Sergej , Faustmann Anton , Carrad Damon J. , Bissinger Jochen , Loitsch Bernhard , Döblinger Markus , Becker Jonathan , Abstreiter Gerhard , Finley Jonathan J. , Koblmüller Gregor 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNanowires (NWs) hold great potential in advanced thermoelectrics due to their reduced dimensions and low‐dimensional electronic character. However, unfavorable links between electrical and thermal conductivity in state‐of‐the‐art unpassivated NWs have, so far, prevented the full exploitation of their distinct advantages. A promising model system for a surface‐passivated one‐dimensional (1D)‐quantum confined NW thermoelectric is developed that enables simultaneously the observation of enhanced thermopower via quantum oscillations in the thermoelectric transport and a strong reduction in thermal conductivity induced by the core–shell heterostructure. High‐mobility modulation‐doped GaAs/AlGaAs core–shell NWs with thin (sub‐40 nm) GaAs NW core channel are employed, where the electrical and thermoelectric transport is characterized on the same exact 1D‐channel. 1D‐sub‐band transport at low temperature is verified by a discrete stepwise increase in the conductance, which coincided with strong oscillations in the corresponding Seebeck voltage that decay with increasing sub‐band number. Peak Seebeck coefficients as high as ≈65–85 µV K−1 are observed for the lowest sub‐bands, resulting in equivalent thermopower of S2σ ≈ 60 µW m−1 K−2 and S2G ≈ 0.06 pW K−2 within a single sub‐band. Remarkably, these core–shell NW heterostructures also exhibit thermal conductivities as low as ≈3 W m−1 K−1, about one order of magnitude lower than state‐of‐the‐art unpassivated GaAs NWs.
High‐Energy Interlayer‐Expanded Copper Sulfide Cathode Material in Non‐Corrosive Electrolyte for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Shen Yinlin , Wang Yujia , Miao Yingchun , Yang Meng , Zhao Xiangyu , Shen Xiaodong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRechargeable magnesium batteries (RMB) have been regarded as an alternative to lithium‐based batteries because of their abundant elemental resource, high theoretical volumetric capacity, and multi‐electron redox reaction without the dendrite formation of magnesium metal anode. However, their development is impeded by their poor electrode/electrolyte compatibility and the strong Coulombic effect of the multivalent Mg2+ ions in cathode materials. Herein, copper sulfide material is developed as a high‐energy cathode for RMBs with a non‐corrosive Mg‐ion electrolyte. Given the benefit of its optimized interlayer structure, good compatibility with the electrolyte, and enhanced surface area, the as‐prepared copper sulfide cathode exhibits unprecedented electrochemical Mg‐ion storage properties, with the highest specific capacity of 477 mAh g−1 and gravimetric energy density of 415 Wh kg−1 at 50 mA g−1, among the reported cathode materials of metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, and polyanion‐type compounds for RMBs. Notably, an impressive long‐term cycling performance with a stable capacity of 111 mAh g−1 at 1 C (560 mA g−1) is achieved over 1000 cycles. The results of the present study offer an avenue for designing high‐performance cathode materials for RMBs and other multivalent batteries.
Self‐Folding Using Capillary Forces
Authors: Kwok Kam Sang , Huang Qi , Mastrangeli Massimo , Gracias David H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSelf‐folding broadly refers to the assembly of 3D structures by bending, curving, and folding without the need for manual or mechanized intervention. Self‐folding is scientifically interesting because self‐folded structures, from plant leaves to gut villi to cerebral gyri, abound in nature. From an engineering perspective, self‐folding of sub‐millimeter‐sized structures addresses major hurdles in nano‐ and micro‐manufacturing. This review focuses on self‐folding using surface tension or capillary forces derived from the minimization of liquid interfacial area. Due to favorable downscaling with length, at small scales capillary forces become extremely large relative to forces that scale with volume, such as gravity or inertia, and to forces that scale with area, such as elasticity. The major demonstrated classes of capillary force assisted self‐folding are discussed. These classes include the use of rigid or soft and micro‐ or nano‐patterned precursors that are assembled using a variety of liquids such as water, molten polymers, and liquid metals. The authors outline the underlying physics and highlight important design considerations that maximize rigidity, strength, and yield of the assembled structures. They also discuss applications of capillary self‐folding structures in engineering and medicine. Finally, the authors conclude by summarizing standing challenges and describing future trends.
An Effective Relithiation Process for Recycling Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials
Authors: Yang Tairan , Lu Yingqi , Li Liurui , Ge Dayang , Yang Heng , Leng Weinan , Zhou Hui , Han Xu , Schmidt Nolan , Ellis Michael , Li Zheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRapid adoption of lithium‐ion batteries for electronics and electric vehicles requires cost‐effective and efficient recycling of battery components especially the valuable cathode active materials. The direct recycling method transforms end‐of‐life (EOL) cathode materials into battery grade materials with minimal energy consumption and least environmental disruption. In direct recycling, the relithiation step to restore the lithium stoichiometry of the cathode materials is critical. In this work, a novel electrochemical relithiation approach in an aqueous electrolyte followed by a heat treatment for recycling cathode materials in EOL lithium‐ion batteries is demonstrated and analyzed. Using LiCoO2 as an example, it is shown that the recycled LiCoO2 materials show equivalent crystal structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance to the commercial LiCoO2.
Rational Design of 3D Hierarchical Ternary SnO2/TiO2/BiVO4 Arrays Photoanode toward Efficient Photoelectrochemical Performance
Authors: Pan Qin , Li Aoshuang , Zhang Yuanlu , Yang Yaping , Cheng Chuanwei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBiVO4 as a promising semiconductor absorber is widely investigated as photoanode in photoelectrochemical water splitting. Herein, the rational design of 3D hierarchical ternary SnO2/TiO2/BiVO4 arrays is reported as photoanode for photoelectrochemical application, in which the SnO2 hierarchically hollow microspheres core/nanosheets shell arrays act as conductive skeletons, while the sandwiched TiO2 and surface BiVO4 are working as hole blocking layer and light absorber, respectively. Arising to the hierarchically ordered structure and synergistic effect between each component in the composite, the ternary SnO2/TiO2/BiVO4 photoanode enables high light harvesting efficiency as well as enhanced charge transport and separation efficiency, yielding a maximum photocurrent density of ≈5.03 mA cm−2 for sulfite oxidation and ≈3.1 mA cm−2 for water oxidation, respectively, measured at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode under simulated air mass (AM) 1.5 solar light illumination. The results reveal that electrode design and interface engineering play important roles on the overall PEC performance.
A child with autism, behavioral issues, and dysmorphic features found to have a tandem duplication within CTNND2 by mate‐pair sequencing
Authors: Miller Danny E. , Squire Audrey , Bennett James T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe describe a 5‐year‐old male with developmental delay, behavioral problems, and dysmorphic features who was found by microarray to have a 93‐kb duplication of uncertain significance that fully encompasses the third exon of CTNND2 (delta catenin). Mate‐pair sequencing was used to determine that the duplication is tandem and is predicted to lead to CTNND2 haploinsufficiency. Haploinsufficiency for CTNND2 has been shown to result in developmental delay and intellectual disability, providing a unifying diagnosis for this patient. His features overlap those associated with the larger cri‐du‐chat deletion of this region, expanding the clinical phenotype of isolated CTNND2 variants. The use of mate‐pair sequencing to determine the orientation of the small duplication was essential to the diagnosis and avoided the use of exome sequencing, which would not have defined the arrangement of the duplication. This is only the second reported patient, to our knowledge, with a single exon duplication of CTNND2.
Persistent Borafluorene Radicals
Authors: Yang Wenlong , Krantz Kelsie E. , Freeman Lucas A. , Dickie Diane A. , Molino Andrew , Frenking Gernot , Pan Sudip , Wilson David J. D. , Gilliard Robert J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐ and cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC)‐stabilized borafluorene radicals have been isolated and characterized by elemental analysis, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, UV/Vis absorption, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and theoretical studies. Both the CAAC–borafluorene radical (2) and the NHC–borafluorene radical (4) have a considerable amount of spin density localized on the boron atoms (0.322 for 2 and 0.369 for 4). In compound 2, the unpaired electron is also partly delocalized over the CAAC ligand carbeneC and N atoms. However, the unpaired electron in compound 4 mainly resides throughout the borafluorene π‐system, with significantly less delocalization over the NHC ligand. These results highlight the Lewis base dependent electrostructural tuning of materials‐relevant radicals. Notably, this is the first report of crystalline borafluorene radicals, and these species exhibit remarkable solid‐state and solution stability.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Ether Lipids Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid with Squalene as Reaction Medium
Authors: Sun Zhaomin , Zhang Lingyu , Wang Yuming , Xue Changhu , Li Zhaojie , Wang Jingfeng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing squalene as reaction medium was tried for the enzymatic synthesis of ether lipids rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) via transesterification of alkylglycerols (AKG) obtained from shark liver oil and DHA‐enriched ethyl esters (DHA‐EE) from Schizochytrium sp. The effects of reaction time, temperature, molar ratio (AKG /DHA‐EE), and enzyme dosage were investigated. DHA conversion of 74.47% was achieved for 48 hours of reaction at 60 °C using a molar ratio of 1:2 and an enzyme dosage of 30% based on AKG in the presence of squalene with Lipozyme® 435 (Novozymes, Tianjin, China) as the catalyst. With a high boiling point, squalene could act as a solvent without being vaporized from the reaction system under vacuum and improve the operational stability of immobilized lipase, which may be useful for enzymatic reactions under vacuum for lipid modification with byproducts of low boiling points.
Osteology of the Late Triassic Bipedal Archosaur Poposaurus gracilis (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from Western North America
Authors: Schachner Emma R. , Irmis Randall B. , Huttenlocker Adam K. , Sanders Kent , Cieri Robert L. , Fox Marilyn , Nesbitt Sterling J. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTPoposaurus gracilis is a bipedal pseudosuchian archosaur that has been poorly understood since the discovery of the holotype fragmentary partial postcranial skeleton in 1915. Poposaurus. gracilis is a member of Poposauroidea, an unusually morphologically divergent clade of pseudosuchians containing taxa that are bipedal, quadrupedal, toothed, edentulous, and some individuals with elongated thoracic neural spines (i.e., sails). In 2003, a well preserved, fully articulated, and nearly complete postcranial skeleton of P. gracilis was discovered with some fragmentary cranial elements from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of Grand Staircase‐Escalante National Monument of southern Utah, USA. The aim of this work is to describe the osteology of this specimen in detail and compare P. gracilis to other closely related pseudosuchian archosaurs. The open neurocentral sutures throughout the majority of the vertebral column, the small size of this individual, and the presence of seven evenly spaced cyclic growth marks in the histologically sectioned femur indicate that this specimen was a skeletally immature juvenile, or subadult when it died. The pes of P. gracilis contains multiple skeletal adaptations and osteological correlates for soft tissue structures that support a hypothesis of digitigrady for this taxon. When coupled with the numerous postcranial characters associated with cursoriality, and the many anatomical traits convergent with theropod dinosaurs, this animal likely occupied a similar ecological niche with contemporaneous theropods during the Late Triassic Period. Anat Rec, 303:874–917, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Establishment of patient‐derived xenograft model of peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis with signet ring cells and in vivo study on the efficacy and toxicity of intraperitoneal injection of 5‐fluorouracil
Authors: Lin Yu‐Lin , Zhang Jue , Yan Feng‐Cai , Jiang Xi , Ma Ru , Yang Zhi‐Ran , Xu Hong‐Bin , Peng Zheng , Chen Qian , Li Yan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is an indolent malignancy and insensitive to systemic chemotherapy. The authors established patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) model of PMP, and evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in this model.MethodsHuman PMP sample was collected to establish subcutaneous (s.c.) and i.p. model. In vivo study of i.p. injection of 5‐FU was performed in i.p. model, with experimental peritoneal cancer index (ePCI) score and pathological examinations for evaluating the efficacy and toxicity.ResultsBoth s.c. and i.p. models were constructed. The average passage interval of s.c. model was 44.2 ± 5.2 days, and the i.p. model was characterized by disseminated solid tumor nodules in abdominal‐pelvic cavity. Both models were diagnosed as peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis with signet ring cells (PMCA‐S). Immunohistochemical characteristics was similar to human. GNAS mutation was detected in both model and patient. In the in vivo study, average ePCI of treatment group was lower than control and vehicle group (P = .004). Histopathology revealed obvious tumor necrosis in treatment group, and decreased Ki67 positive rate (P = .010). In toxicity study, 5‐FU significantly influenced body weight (P = .010) and 1 animal from treatment group died on day 14. Congestive splenomegaly was observed (88.9%). Hepatotoxicity presented as acidophilic body (55.6%), cholestasis (100%), bile canaliculus hyperplasia and obstruction (22.2%), and lymphocyte accumulation (77.8%).ConclusionsPDX model of PMCA‐S was established successfully, and i.p. 5‐FU could inhibit tumor proliferation and progression, with decreased Ki67 positive rate and ePCI score. Hepatotoxicity was the main side effect.
A Trifunctional Linker for Palmitoylation and Peptide and Protein Localization in Biological Membranes
Authors: Syga Łukasz , de Vries Reinder H. , van Oosterhout Hugo , Bartelds Rianne , Boersma Arnold J. , Roelfes Gerard , Poolman Bert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAttachment of lipophilic groups is an important post‐translational modification of proteins, which involves the coupling of one or more anchors such as fatty acids, isoprenoids, phospholipids, or glycosylphosphatidyl inositols. To study its impact on the membrane partitioning of hydrophobic peptides or proteins, we designed a tyrosine‐based trifunctional linker. The linker allows the facile incorporation of two different functionalities at a cysteine residue in a single step. We determined the effect of the lipid modification on the membrane partitioning of the synthetic α‐helical model peptide WALP with or without here and in all cases below; palmitoyl groups in giant unilamellar vesicles that contain a liquid‐ordered (Lo) and liquid‐disordered (Ld) phase. Introduction of two palmitoyl groups did not alter the localization of the membrane peptides, nor did the membrane thickness or lipid composition. In all cases, the peptide was retained in the Ld phase. These data demonstrate that the Lo domain in model membranes is highly unfavorable for a single membrane‐spanning peptide.
Phototemtide A, a Cyclic Lipopeptide Heterologously Expressed from Photorhabdus temperata Meg1, Shows Selective Antiprotozoal Activity
Authors: Zhao Lei , Vo Tien Duy , Kaiser Marcel , Bode Helge B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new cyclic lipopeptide, phototemtide A (1), was isolated from Escherichia coli expressing the biosynthetic gene cluster pttABC from Photorhabdus temperata Meg1. The structure of 1 was elucidated by HR‐ESI‐MS and NMR experiments. The absolute configurations of amino acids and 3‐hydroxyoctanoic acid in 1 were determined by using the advanced Marfey's method and comparison after total synthesis of 1, respectively. Additionally, three new minor derivatives, phototemtides B–D (2–4), were identified by detailed HPLC–MS analysis. Phototemtide A (1) showed weak antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum, with an IC50 value of 9.8 μm. The biosynthesis of phototemtides A–D (1–4) was also proposed.
The ARAHKEY technique: A novel method for the management of access site bleeding during percutaneous transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Honda Yohsuke , Araki Motoharu , Yamawaki Masahiro , Hirano Keisuke , Kobayashi Norihiro , Sakamoto Yasunari , Mori Shinsuke , Tsutsumi Masakazu , Makino Kenji , Ito Yoshiaki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis retrospective study assessed the safety and efficacy of the ARAHKEY (ARterial sealing with Additional Hemostatic device Kissing with Extravascular and suture‐based device deeplY) technique during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).BackgroundAccess site complications are still a major issue to be solved during TAVR using a large caliber sheath.MethodsFrom February 2014 to June 2019, a total of 302 patients underwent TAVR in our hospital. Twenty‐five patients (10.2% of patients who underwent percutaneous transfemoral TAVR [n = 246]) were treated using the ARAHKEY technique, which is the additional use of Exoseal for the common femoral artery puncture site when hemostasis was not achieved with ProGlide alone.ResultsComplete hemostasis was achieved in all patients (100%). The mean procedural time for hemostasis was 9.8 ± 4.5 min. No complications, including recurrent bleeding, infection, and late acquired hematoma, were observed in this study cohort.ConclusionThe ARAHKEY technique is a safe method and should be considered as a secondary option when hemostasis is not achieved with ProGlide during TAVR.