bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational exposure to specific organic solvents and risk of subtypes of breast cancer in a large population of Danish women, 1964–2016
Authors: Pedersen Julie Elbaek , Strandberg-Larsen Katrine , Andersson Michael , Hansen Johnni 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo explore associations between occupational exposure to four specific organic solvents, respectively, and female breast cancer, including subtypes.MethodsUsing the Danish Cancer Registry, we identified 38 375 women under age 70 years with primary breast cancer. Five randomly selected breast-cancer-free controls per case matched on year of birth were retrieved from the Danish Civil Registration System . A nationwide pension fund was used to retrieve full employment history, and exposure to 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene (TCE), benzene and toluene was assessed using a job exposure matrix. ORs were estimated using conditional logistic regression with adjustment for reproductive factors and socioeconomic status.ResultsOverall results indicated no noteworthy associations between the specific organic solvents and breast cancer before and after age 50 years, except for a small increased risk after age 50 in women exposed to TCE (OR=1.15, 95% CI: 0.97–1.36). After age 50 years, exposure to TCE was associated with a small increased risk in women with over 20 years of latency (OR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.02–1.56). Further, an increased risk of oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) tumours was also observed (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.01–1.47), and high cumulative exposure and longer latency also increased the risk of this subtype.ConclusionThis study provides limited evidence supporting the association between occupational exposure to each of the four organic solvents and breast cancer. The risk of ER+ breast tumours after age 50 years may be increased in women with TCE exposure, and this possible association therefore needs further attention in future studies.
Quantile regression of tobacco tax pass-through in the UK 2013–2019. How have manufacturers passed through tax changes for different tobacco products?
Authors: Wilson Luke Brian , Pryce Robert , Hiscock Rosemary , Angus Colin , Brennan Alan , Gillespie Duncan 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe effectiveness of tax increases relies heavily on the tobacco industry passing on such increases to smokers (also referred to as ‘pass-through’). Previous research has found heterogeneous levels of tax pass-through across the market segments of tobacco products available to smokers. This study uses retail sales data to assess the extent to which recent tax changes have been passed on to smokers and whether this varies across the price distribution.MethodsWe use panel data quantile regression analysis on Nielsen commercial data of tobacco price and sales in the UK from January 2013 to March 2019 combined with official UK tax rates and inflation to calculate the rate of tax pass-through for factory made (FM) cigarettes and roll your own (RYO) tobacco.ResultsFollowing increases in the specific tax payable on tobacco, we find evidence of overshifting across the price distribution for both FM and RYO. The rate of the overshift in tax increased the more expensive the products were. This was consistent for FM and RYO. Additionally, our findings suggest that the introduction of standardised packaging was not followed by changes in how the tobacco industry responded to tax increases.ConclusionsFollowing the repeated introduction of increases in specific tobacco tax as well as standardised packaging, we show that the tobacco industry applies techniques to keep the cheapest tobacco cheaper relative to the more expensive products when passing on tax increases to smokers.
A scalar potential from gauge condensation and its implications
Authors: Chun Eung Jin , Han Chengcheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider a scalar field $$\phi $$
ϕ
whose coupling to the kinetic term of a non-abelian gauge field is set at an UV scale M. Then the confinement of the gauge sector will induce a $$\phi $$
ϕ
-dependent vacuum energy which generates a dimensionful potential for the scalar. It provides a good example of dynamical generation of a new physics scale below M through the vacuum expectation value $$\langle \phi \rangle $$

⟨
ϕ
⟩

. This mechanism may shed light on the origin of dark matter, or spontaneous symmetry breaking applicable to the electroweak symmetry.
Polarization-indepentant multi-band unidirectional reflectionless propagation in non-Hermitian metamaterial
Authors: Bai Ruiping , Liu Shujing , Jin Xing Ri 
Published: October 2020

We design a structure to achieve a function of polarization-independent multi-band unidirectional reflectionlessness in a non-Hermitian metamaterial system based on the Fabry-Pérot resonance. All contrast ratios of reflectance at 198 THz, 214.2 THz, and 232.65 THz are 0.99. The unidirectional reflectionless peak position remains almost unchanged with increasing polarization angles. Besides, the structure can also be used to realize the unidirectional reflectionless phenomenon in the incident angle range of 0–30[Formula: see text], which may provide great convenience for experimental operations.
Effect of Mo doping on the microstructure and properties of an Fe36Ni Invar alloy
Authors: Dong Liming , Yu Zhaopeng , Hu Xianjun , Feng Fang 
Published: October 2020

The effects of doping with different Mo contents on the microstructure and properties of Fe36Ni Invar alloys were investigated. The results show that when 0.9 wt.% Mo and 1.8 wt.% Mo were added to Fe36Ni, the tensile strengths of the hot rolled alloys were 46 and 61 MPa higher than that of the 0 wt.% Mo sample, respectively. With an increase in Mo content from 0.9 to 1.8 wt.%, the solution temperature of the highest hardness after heat treatment increased from 800[Formula: see text]C to 850[Formula: see text]C, respectively. The addition of 0.9 wt.% Mo refined the average grain size from 37 to 15 [Formula: see text]m, and an excessive amount of Mo (1.8 wt.%) did not refine the grains further. After Mo was added, the precipitates on the original grain boundaries changed into nanoprecipitates dispersed in the grain boundaries and inside the grains. Mo was present in the alloy in the form of a carbide and in solid solution, which affected the magnetic lattice effect and increased the thermal expansion coefficient of the alloy. However, upon comparing the samples doped with 0 wt.% Mo, 0.9 wt.% Mo and 1.8 wt.% Mo, it was found that the addition of 0.9 wt.% Mo not only refined the grain size and improved the mechanical properties of the alloy but also led to a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) over the range from 20[Formula: see text]C to 300[Formula: see text]C.
Uniformly Primal Submodule over Noncommutative Ring
Authors: Abulebda Lamis J. M. 
Published: October 2020

Let R be an associative ring with identity and M be a unitary right R-module. A submodule N of M is called a uniformly primal submodule provided that the subset

B

of

R

is uniformly not right prime to

N

, if there exists an element

s
∈
M
−
N

with

sRB
⊆
N

.The set

adj

N

=

r
∈
R

|
mRr
⊆
N

for some
m
∈
M

is uniformly not prime to

N

.This paper is concerned with the properties of uniformly primal submodules. Also, we generalize the prime avoidance theorem for modules over noncommutative rings to the uniformly primal avoidance theorem for modules.
Microwave and Blanching Pretreatments for Hot Air Drying of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato Slices (Ipomoea batatas)
Authors: Abano Ernest 
Published: October 2020

Microwave and steam blanching as pretreatments to hot air drying of orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) were studied. The air-drying experiment was performed at constant temperature of 70°C and airflow of 1.0 m/s. The effective moisture diffusivity varied from

1.5
×

10

−
9

to

4.4
×

10

−
9

m2/s, and

1.1
×

10

−
10

to 7.9

×

10

−
10

m2/s, for the microwave and blanched assisted hot air drying, respectively. The activation energy obtained for the various microwave-assisted hot air drying was 29.1 W/mm for 4 min, 68.1 W/mm for 3 min, and 79.7 W/mm for 2 min. Ascorbic acid degradation and formation of brown pigments in the OFSP slices were lower in microwave than in steam blanch-assisted drying. Microwave-assisted drying of OFSP is best governed by Page model,

M
R
=
exp

−
k

t

n

, while the blanch-assisted followed the logarithmic model,

M
R
=
a

exp

−
k
t

+
c

. To produce better quality OFSP flour, it is recommended to cut the tubers into 3 mm slices, microwave at a power of 630 W for 2 min or blanch for 1 min, 43 seconds prior to hot air drying.
Novel LCAT (Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase) Activator DS-8190a Prevents the Progression of Plaque Accumulation in Atherosclerosis Models
Authors: Sasaki Masato , Delawary Mina , Sakurai Hidetaka , Kobayashi Hideki , Nakao Naoki , Tsuru Hiromi , Fukushima Yumiko , Honzumi Shoko , Moriyama Sachiko , Wada Naoya , Kaneko Toshio , Yamada Keisuke , Terasaka Naoki , Kubota Kazuishi 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
Enhancement of LCAT (lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase) activity has possibility to be beneficial for atherosclerosis. To evaluate this concept, we characterized our novel, orally administered, small-molecule LCAT activator DS-8190a, which was created from high-throughput screening and subsequent derivatization. We also focused on its mechanism of LCAT activation and the therapeutic activity with improvement of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) functionality.

Approach and Results:

DS-8190a activated human and cynomolgus monkey but not mouse LCAT enzymes in vitro. DS-8190a was orally administered to cynomolgus monkeys and dose dependently increased LCAT activity (2.0-fold in 3 mg/kg group on day 7), resulting in HDL cholesterol elevation without drastic changes of non-HDL cholesterol. Atheroprotective effects were then evaluated using
Ldl-r KO
×
hLcat Tg
mice fed a Western diet for 8 weeks. DS-8190a treatment achieved significant reduction of atherosclerotic lesion area (48.3% reduction in 10 mg/kg treatment group). Furthermore, we conducted reverse cholesterol transport study using
Ldl-r KO
×
hLcat Tg
mice intraperitoneally injected with J774A.1 cells loaded with [
3
H]-cholesterol and confirmed significant increases of [
3
H] count in plasma (1.4-fold) and feces (1.4-fold on day 2 and 1.5-fold on day3) in the DS-8190a–treated group. With regard to the molecular mechanism involved, direct binding of DS-8190a to human LCAT protein was confirmed by 2 different approaches: affinity purification by DS-8190a–immobilized beads and thermal shift assay. In addition, the candidate binding site of DS-8190a in human LCAT protein was identified by photoaffinity labeling.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates the potential of DS-8190a as a novel therapeutic for atherosclerosis. In addition, this compound proves that a small-molecule direct LCAT activator can achieve HDL-C elevation in monkey and reduction of atherosclerotic lesion area with enhanced HDL function in rodent.
Local M-CSF (Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor) Expression Regulates Macrophage Proliferation and Apoptosis in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Sinha Satyesh K. , Miikeda Aika , Fouladian Zachary , Mehrabian Margarete , Edillor Chantle , Shih Diana , Zhou Zhiqiang , Paul Manash K. , Charugundla Sarada , Davis Richard C. , Rajavashisth Tripathi B. , Lusis Aldons J. 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
Previous studies have shown that deficiency of M-CSF (macrophage colony-stimulating factor; or CSF1 [colony stimulating factor 1]) dramatically reduces atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic mice. We characterize the underlying mechanism and investigate the relevant sources of CSF1 in lesions.

Approach and Results:

We quantitatively assessed the effects of CSF1 deficiency on macrophage proliferation and apoptosis in atherosclerotic lesions. Staining of aortic lesions with markers of proliferation, Ki-67 and bromodeoxyuridine, revealed around 40% reduction in CSF1 heterozygous (Csf1
+/–
) as compared with WT (wild type; Csf1
+/+
) mice. Similarly, staining with a marker of apoptosis, activated caspase-3, revealed a 3-fold increase in apoptotic cells in Csf1
+/–
mice. Next, we determined the cellular sources of CSF1 contributing to lesion development. Cell-specific deletions of Csf1 in smooth muscle cells using SM22α-Cre (smooth muscle protein 22-alpha-Cre) reduced lesions by about 40%, and in endothelial cells, deletions with Cdh5-Cre (VE-cadherin-Cre) reduced lesions by about 30%. Macrophage-specific deletion with LysM-Cre (lysozyme M-Cre), on the other hand, did not significantly reduce lesions size. Transplantation of Csf1 null (Csf1
−/
−
) mice bone marrow into Csf1
+/+
mice reduced lesions by about 35%, suggesting that CSF1 from hematopoietic cells other than macrophages contributes to atherosclerosis. None of the cell-specific knockouts affected circulating CSF1 levels, and only the smooth muscle cell deletions had any effect on the percentage monocytes in the circulation. Also, Csf1
+/–
mice did not exhibit significant differences in Ly6C
high
/Ly6C
low
monocytes as compared with Csf1
+/+
.

Conclusions:
CSF1 contributes to both macrophage proliferation and survival in lesions. Local CSF1 production by smooth muscle cell and endothelial cell rather than circulating CSF1 is the primary driver of macrophage expansion in atherosclerosis.
Potential Consequences of the Red Blood Cell Storage Lesion on Cardiac Electrophysiology
Authors: Reilly Marissa , Bruno Chantal D. , Prudencio Tomas M. , Ciccarelli Nina , Guerrelli Devon , Nair Raj , Ramadan Manelle , Luban Naomi L. C. , Posnack Nikki Gillum 
Published: October 2020

Background
The red blood cell (RBC) storage lesion is a series of morphological, functional, and metabolic changes that RBCs undergo following collection, processing, and refrigerated storage for clinical use. Since the biochemical attributes of the RBC unit shifts with time, transfusion of older blood products may contribute to cardiac complications, including hyperkalemia and cardiac arrest. We measured the direct effect of storage age on cardiac electrophysiology and compared it with hyperkalemia, a prominent biomarker of storage lesion severity.

Methods and Results

Donor RBCs were processed using standard blood‐banking techniques. The supernatant was collected from RBC units, 7 to 50 days after donor collection, for evaluation using Langendorff‐heart preparations (rat) or human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes. Cardiac parameters remained stable following exposure to “fresh” supernatant from red blood cell units (day 7: 5.8±0.2 mM K
+
), but older blood products (day 40: 9.3±0.3 mM K
+
) caused bradycardia (baseline: 279±5 versus day 40: 216±18 beats per minute), delayed sinus node recovery (baseline: 243±8 versus day 40: 354±23 ms), and increased the effective refractory period of the atrioventricular node (baseline: 77±2 versus day 40: 93±7 ms) and ventricle (baseline: 50±3 versus day 40: 98±10 ms) in perfused hearts. Beating rate was also slowed in human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes after exposure to older supernatant from red blood cell units (−75±9%, day 40 versus control). Similar effects on automaticity and electrical conduction were observed with hyperkalemia (10–12 mM K
+
).

Conclusions
This is the first study to demonstrate that “older” blood products directly impact cardiac electrophysiology, using experimental models. These effects are likely caused by biochemical alterations in the supernatant from red blood cell units that occur over time, including, but not limited to hyperkalemia. Patients receiving large volume and/or rapid transfusions may be sensitive to these effects.
Intercomparison of Precipitation Estimates over the Southern Ocean from Atmospheric Reanalyses
Authors: Boisvert Linette N. , Webster Melinda A. , Petty Alek A. , Markus Thorsten , Cullather Richard I. , Bromwich David H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrecipitation is a major component of the hydrologic cycle and plays a significant role in the sea ice mass balance in the polar regions. Over the Southern Ocean, precipitation is particularly uncertain due to the lack of direct observations in this remote and harsh environment. Here we demonstrate that precipitation estimates from eight global reanalyses produce similar spatial patterns between 2000 and 2010, although their annual means vary by about 250 mm yr−1 (or 26% of the median values) and there is little similarity in their representation of interannual variability. ERA-Interim produces the smallest and CFSR produces the largest amount of precipitation overall. Rainfall and snowfall are partitioned in five reanalyses; snowfall suffers from the same issues as the total precipitation comparison, with ERA-Interim producing about 128 mm less snowfall and JRA-55 about 103 mm more rainfall compared to the other reanalyses. When compared to CloudSat-derived snowfall, these five reanalyses indicate similar spatial patterns, but differ in their magnitude. All reanalyses indicate precipitation on nearly every day of the year, with spurious values occurring on an average of about 60 days yr−1, resulting in an accumulation of about 4.5 mm yr−1. While similarities in spatial patterns among the reanalyses suggest a convergence, the large spread in magnitudes points to issues with the background models in adequately reproducing precipitation rates, and the differences in the model physics employed. Further improvements to model physics are required to achieve confidence in precipitation rate, as well as the phase and frequency of precipitation in these products.
COVID-19’s Impact on the 2020-2021 Resident Match: A Survey of Otolaryngology Program Directors
Authors: Kasle David A. , Torabi Sina J. , Izreig Said , Rahmati Rahmatullah W. , Manes R. Peter 
Published: October 2020

Objective: To determine the impact coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) will have on the 2020-2021 otolaryngology (OTO-HNS) resident application cycle. Methods: A cross-sectional survey targeting OTO-HNS program directors (PD) was created and disseminated via email to PDs on May 28th 2020. Descriptive analyses of the 19-question survey was performed, and free text responses for certain suitable questions were thematically categorized into groups determined to be relevant during analysis. Results: Twenty-nine of 123 solicited PDs (23.6%) completed the survey. Nineteen (65.5%) respondents indicated they would not host away rotations (AR) in 2020, and 9 (31.0%) reported that they would consider away rotators without home programs. Regarding the historical importance of AR, 21 (72.4%) PDs stated they were either “extremely” or “very” important in evaluating candidates. Sixteen (55.2%) PDs stated that virtual interviews would impact their ability to properly gauge candidates and 12 (41.4%) were unsure. Eight PDs (27.6%) stated their evaluation of candidates will likely change, with a shift toward an increased reliance on letters of recommendation, research involvement, and clerkship grades. The large majority of PDs—25 (86.2%)—were not worried that the COVID-19 pandemic would affect the abilities of new interns beginning in 2021. Conclusion: Virtual interviews and engagement activities will mostly supplant sub-Is and AR for the 2020-2021 OTO-HNS application cycle. Surveyed PDs largely believe these will be insufficient in providing a comprehensive assessment of candidates, and will similarly limit applicants’ ability to gauge residency programs. Criteria utilized to evaluate students is expected to change.
Do text messages about health and development in young children affect caregiver behaviour and child outcomes? A systematic review
Authors: Richardson Brittany Paige , van der Linde Jeannie , Pillay Bhavani , Swanepoel De Wet 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Inadequate caregiving conditions interfere with successful health and development outcomes. Access to appropriate information can result in improved health and development outcomes in children. Health promotion text messaging, a primary mHealth strategy, has been implemented in various countries to reach communities where the majority of the population may be living in poverty and lacks access to information and health services. This systematic review investigated what effect the provision of information regarding health and development in young children, using text messages, has on caregiver behaviour and child outcomes. Method: The review was conducted according to the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) guidelines. Studies were retrieved from Scopus, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection and Cochrane library using primary search phrases. The search was not limited to a specific period. Thematic analysis was used to organise and synthesise the information extracted from selected studies into main and sub-themes. Results: In total, 19 studies were identified, including randomised controlled trials (RCTs) ( n = 13, 68.42%), observational studies ( n = 3, 15.79%) and non-RCTs ( n = 3, 15.79%). Message content included educational information regarding health and development (89.47%), reminders (36.84%) and caregiver support (52.63%). The majority of studies ( n = 17; 89.47%) found statistically significant positive effects of text message intervention on caregiver behaviour. Text messages also affected child outcomes, with 15.79% ( n = 3) of studies reporting a positive effect. Conclusion: Text messaging is an effective tool to influence caregiver behaviour and child outcomes in health. There is however limited evidence regarding text message intervention effectiveness on child development, both in quality and in quantity. More research, especially in low- and middle-income countries, is necessary.
A multi-objective operation strategy optimization for ice storage systems based on decentralized control structure
Authors: Ren Yanhuan , Yu Junqi , Zhao Anjun , Jing Wenqiang , Ran Tong , Yang Xiong 
Published: October 2020

Improving the operational efficiency of chillers and science-based planning the cooling load distribution between the chillers and ice tank are core issues to achieve low-cost and energy-saving operations of ice storage air-conditioning systems. In view of the problems existing in centralized control architecture applied in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, a distributed multi-objective particle swarm optimization improved by differential evolution algorithm based on a decentralized control structure was proposed. The energy consumption, operating cost, and energy loss were taken as the objectives to solve the chiller’s hourly partial load ratio and the cooling ratio of ice tank. A large-scale shopping mall in Xi’an was used as a case study. The results show that the proposed algorithm was efficient and provided significantly higher energy-savings than the traditional control strategy and particle swarm optimization algorithm, which has the advantages of good convergence, high stability, strong robustness, and high accuracy. Practical application: The end equipment of the electromechanical system is the basic component through the building operation. Based on this characteristic, taken electromechanical equipment as the computing unit, this paper proposes a distributed multi-objective optimization control strategy. In order to fully explore the economic and energy-saving effect of ice storage system, the optimization algorithm solves the chillers operation status and the load distribution. The improved optimization algorithm ensures the diversity of particles, gains fast optimization speed and higher accuracy, and also provides a better economic and energy-saving operation strategy for ice storage air-conditioning projects.