bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of sponge‐associated Verrucomicrobia: microcompartment‐based sugar utilization and enhanced toxin–antitoxin modules as features of host‐associated Opitutales
Authors: Sizikov Sofia , Burgsdorf Ilia , Handley Kim Marie , Lahyani Matan , Haber Markus , Steindler Laura 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBacteria of the phylum Verrucomicrobia are ubiquitous in marine environments and can be found as free‐living organisms or as symbionts of eukaryotic hosts. Little is known about host‐associated Verrucomicrobia in the marine environment. Here we reconstructed two genomes of symbiotic Verrucomicrobia from bacterial metagenomes derived from the Atlanto‐Mediterranean sponge Petrosia ficiformis and three genomes from strains that we isolated from offshore seawater of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Phylogenomic analysis of these five strains indicated that they are all members of Verrucomicrobia subdivision 4, order Opitutales. We compared these novel sponge‐associated and seawater‐isolated genomes to closely related Verrucomicrobia. Genomic analysis revealed that Planctomycetes‐Verrucomicrobia microcompartment gene clusters are enriched in the genomes of symbiotic Opitutales including sponge symbionts but not in free‐living ones. We hypothesize that in sponge symbionts these microcompartments are used for degradation of l‐fucose and l‐rhamnose, which are components of algal and bacterial cell walls and therefore may be found at high concentrations in the sponge tissue. Furthermore, we observed an enrichment of toxin–antitoxin modules in symbiotic Opitutales. We suggest that, in sponges, verrucomicrobial symbionts utilize these modules as a defence mechanism against antimicrobial activity deriving from the abundant microbial community co‐inhabiting the host.
Use of an Automated System to Evaluate Feature Dissimilarities in Handwriting Under a Two‐Stage Evaluative Process*†
Authors: Fuglsby Cami , Saunders Christopher , Ommen Danica M. , Caligiuri Michael P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe two‐stage evaluative process is an established framework utilized by forensic document examiners (FDEs) for reaching a conclusion about the source(s) of handwritten evidence. In the second, or discrimination, stage, the examiner attempts to estimate the rarity of observations in a relevant background population. Unfortunately, control samples from a relevant background population are often unavailable, leaving the FDE to reach this determination based on subjective experience. Automated handwriting feature recognition systems are capable of performing both feature comparison and discrimination, yet these systems have not been subjected to empirical validation studies. In the present study, we repurposed a commercially available automated system to generate empirical distributions for ranking feature dissimilarity scores among pairs of handwritten phrases. The blinded results of this automated process were used to survey an international cohort of 36 FDEs regarding their strength of support for same‐ and different‐writer propositions. The survey served to cross‐validate FDE decision‐making under the two‐stage approach. Results from the survey demonstrated a clear pattern of response consistent with ground truth. Predictive regression analyses indicated that the automated feature dissimilarity scores and the log of their cumulative distribution functions accounted for 72% of the variability in FDE opinions. This study demonstrated that feature dissimilarity scores acquired using automated processes and their distributions are closely aligned with FDE decision‐making processes supporting the heuristic value of the two‐stage evaluative framework.
Measuring the Tibia: Trotter’s Error Revisited
Authors: Jantz Richard L. , Meadows Jantz Lee , Ousley Stephen D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn Trotter and Gleser’s (Am J Phys Anthropol 1952;10:463) classic study of stature estimation, a definition of the tibia length measurement is given that agrees with the standard condylar‐malleolar length. That Trotter did not in fact measure according to her definition, but rather omitted the malleolus, has been well documented by Jantz et al. (J Forensic Sci 1995;40:758). Both the Terry collection and the World War 2 (WW2) samples were affected, although questions remain about the latter that cannot be resolved directly because it is no longer available for examination. Trotter's data from hundreds of servicemen are especially important because the statures were measured by technicians, rather than based on cadaver lengths or forensic statures. The questions examined in this note are as follows: Was WW2 measured uniformly in the same way as Terry; are there differences between Terry and WW2 that could influence estimation of the adjustment; and is the 10 millimeter (mm) adjustment proposed by Jantz et al. (J Forensic Sci 1995;40:758) still appropriate. Our analysis relies on a measurement taken by Trotter that is clearly and uniquely defined, what she called “ordinary length”. This measurement was used to create expectations about how Trotter measured what she called maximum length of the tibia. Results provide no evidence that WW2 was measured any differently than Terry, with the exception of one small series. They also show slight morphological differences on the distal and/or proximal end of the tibia between Terry and WW2. Despite the slight difference, the adjustment to account for the malleolus is still valid.
Modeling the NaCl diffusion in beef during brining process
Authors: Zhao Xutong , Sun Yonghai , Zhou Yajun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn in‐depth understanding of mass transfer during brining process is important for improving the quality and characteristics of meat products. In this study, a fitted equation of time and NaCl concentrations in the aqueous phase of beef was established to calculate the NaCl diffusion coefficient for simulation. A three‐dimensional simulating model of mass transfer was developed to evaluate the NaCl diffusion in beef during brining process. And the validity of this simulating model was verified by comparing the NaCl concentrations evaluated by the numerical simulation simulated with the experimental measurements. The results indicated that the power function time variant equation can predict NaCl concentrations (R2 = 0.995) and accurately calculate the NaCl diffusion coefficient (8.46 × 10–10 m2/s). The simulating model visually showed the NaCl diffusion in beef during brining process. Therefore, this research provided a new method for predicting the NaCl diffusion in realistic meat processing.Practical ApplicationThis research gives a new method for predicting the NaCl diffusion in meat product. The method accurately evaluated NaCl concentrations in beef at different brining time and clearly showed NaCl diffusion in beef during brining process, which could be helpful in reducing the cost and the complexity of detecting NaCl concentrations in meat during brining process.
Comparison of macular neovascularization lesion size by the use of Spectral‐Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Swept‐Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography versus Indocyanine Green Angiography
Authors: Haas Anna‐Maria , Ahmed Daniel , Stattin Martin , Graf Alexandra , Krepler Katharina , Ansari‐Shahrezaei Siamak 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeTo compare the lesion sizes of macular neovascularization (MNV) imaged with spectral‐domain (SD) and swept‐source (SS) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) as well as indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).MethodsIn this prospective, observational case series, patients showing a secured diagnosis of MNV on ICGA or Fluorescein Angiography, were imaged by SD‐OCTA and SS‐OCTA on the same day. Lesion size was measured on 3 × 3‐mm2 and 6 × 6‐mm2 scans using the Maestro 2 SD‐OCTA (Topcon Corporation, Tokyo Japan) and the Triton SS‐OCTA device (Topcon Corporation, Tokyo Japan) and compared to ICGA (Spectralis HRA, Heidelberg, Germany).ResultsTwenty eyes from 20 patients (11 females, 55%) were enrolled. The neovascularization area measured on 6 × 6‐mm2 SD‐OCTA was lower compared to that outlined on SS‐OCTA, however, not reaching statistical significance (p = 0.094).Regarding 3 × 3‐mm2 measurements, the median lesion sizes between the two OCTA devices were comparable (p = 0.492). Indocyanine green angiography depicted a larger lesion area than both OCTA devices, however, not reaching statistical significance.ConclusionSD‐OCTA tends to show smaller areas of MNV extension than SS‐OCTA regarding 6 × 6 mm2 scans. The lesion size of MNV can be very well compared between the different devices, emphasizing the use of OCTA for monitoring neovascular area. Lesion measurements on SS‐OCTA correlate better with ICGA than SD‐OCTA.
Pars plana vitrectomy combined with hyaloido‐zonula‐iridectomy in treatment of patients with chronic aqueous misdirection: A systematic literature review and case series
Authors: Schmidt Diana Chabané , Kessel Line , Pedersen Karen Bjerg , Villumsen Jørgen Ebbe , Bach‐Holm Daniella 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of vitrectomy combined with hyaloido‐zonula‐iridectomy from an anterior or a posterior approach in patients with treatment‐resistant aqueous misdirection (chronic aqueous misdirection) by systematically reviewing existing literature in combination with presentation of a case series.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases using search terms: malignant glaucoma, ciliary block, ciliolenticular block and aqueous misdirection. A consecutive series of three pseudophakic patients (5 eyes) diagnosed with chronic aqueous misdirection after cataract surgery is presented.ResultsA literature search identified 31 articles describing treatment of chronic aqueous misdirection with vitrectomy and a hyaloido‐zonula‐iridectomy. Studies, where patients were treated with a complete vitrectomy from pars plana in combination with a hyaloido‐zonula‐iridectomy, reported low relapse rates. Studies describing a surgical approach with vitrectomy performed from the anterior chamber, followed by a hyaloido‐zonula‐iridectomy, also reported low relapse rates except for one reporting relapse in nearly half of the patients. In our case series, a complete vitrectomy combined with a hyaloido‐zonula‐iridectomy resolved the chronic aqueous misdirection in all five eyes after one procedure except one eye where the hyaloido‐zonula‐iridectomy was repeated due to an insufficient opening. Some of the eyes still needed antiglaucomatous treatment due to chronic angle closure.ConclusionIn treatment‐resistant malignant glaucoma, vitrectomy combined with a hyaloido‐zonula‐iridectomy should be considered performed to ensure communication between the anterior chamber and the vitreous cavity. If the condition has been unresolved for a long time, extensive synechiae of the angle may decrease the success rate due to chronic angle closure.
Changes in anterior lens density after Implantable Collamer Lens V4c implantation: a 4‐year prospective observational study
Authors: Yang Wen , Zhao Jing , Zhao Jiao , Shen Yang , Niu Lingling , A Ruma , Wang Xiaoying , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the changes in anterior lens density with a Pentacam after Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) V4c implantation in patients with myopia.MethodsThis prospective case series examined 62 eyes of 32 patients (mean age, 28.5 ± 5.73 years) with myopia or myopic astigmatism after ICL V4c implantation. Uncorrected distance vision acuity, corrected distance vision acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction, intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber angle (ACA), endothelial cell density and Pentacam images of lens density were obtained pre‐ and postoperatively. The vault was obtained during the follow‐ups.ResultsPatients were followed up for an average of 51 ± 2.7 months (range, 48–57 months). All surgeries were uneventful, without any complication. The efficacy and safety indices at the last follow‐up were 1.03 ± 0.2 and 1.22 ± 0.22, respectively. No eye had decreased CDVA, and 66% eyes gained ≥1 line. Furthermore, refractive error in 90% eyes was within ±0.50 D and that of 100% was within ±1.0 D of the attempted refraction. Anterior average lens density (a‐ALD) in the 0.5‐, 1.0‐ and 1.5‐mm depth zones increased by 10.41 ± 11.51%, 17.1 ± 11.09% and 16.76 ± 10.4%, respectively, compared to preoperative values (all p < 0.05). The change in a‐ALD between two different age groups was not significant. Moreover, there were no significant correlations between the change in a‐ALD and age, preoperative spherical equivalent, ACD, ACA, ACV or vault.ConclusionsImplantable Collamer Lens (ICL) V4c implantation demonstrates safety and efficacy for myopia correction. Although a‐ALD increased slightly at 4 years postoperatively, no cataract developed during the follow‐up. Further studies should investigate the reason for the postoperative increase in a‐ALD.
To estimate the safety and efficacy of a 3‐D visualization helmet for vitreoretinal surgery
Authors: Piccirillo Valerio , Sbordone Sandro , Sorgente Francesco , Ragucci Adele , Iovine Antonello , Iaccarino Gennarfrancesco , Lanza Michele 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate a 3‐D visualization helmet (3DVH) during 23‐gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for macular holes (MH) and macular puckers (MP).MethodsA total of 184 eyes of 184 patients undergoing PPV for MH or MP were randomly selected for surgery with 3DVH or standard Galilean microscope (GM). Only one highly trained surgeon performed each PPV. A surgical comfort score, ranging from 1 to 10 was recorded after each operation. Statistical analysis was run with SPSS to compare parameters before and after surgery and between the two groups.ResultsNo statistical differences were found between the two groups for mean best correct visual acuity improvement after surgery (p < 0.001). Mean surgery comfort evaluation was 7.63 ± 0.48 in 3DVH eyes and 8.21 ± 0.62 in GM ones (p = 0.09); mean overall surgical time was 35.12 ± 3.8 min in 3DVH eyes and 32.7 ± 2.27 min in GM ones (p < 0.001); mean peeling time was 14.24 ± 3.42 min in 3DVH eyes and 13.61 ± 4.63 min in GM ones (p = 0.11).ConclusionsAccording to the data observed in this study, the 3DVH provides adequate safety and efficacy in retinal and macular visualization during PPV for MH and MP.
Acceptability of the health‐related quality of life instrument EQ‐5D‐Y‐5L among patients in child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient care
Authors: Krig Sonja , Åström Mimmi , Kulane Asli , Burström Kristina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe generic EuroQol 5 Dimensions Youth 5 Level (EQ‐5D‐Y‐5L) measures health‐related quality of life among children from 8 years. Respondents report their health on five dimensions with five severity levels and rate their overall health on a visual analogue scale (EQ VAS). The aim of the study was to explore acceptability of the EQ‐5D‐Y‐5L instrument among patients in child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient care.MethodsA convenience sample of patients within a psychiatric inpatient care clinic in Region Stockholm, Sweden, was used. Follow‐up questions were answered directly after filling in the EQ‐5D‐Y‐5L. Conventional qualitative content analysis was chosen to analyse the open‐ended questions on how they perceived answering the instrument.ResultsIn total, 52 patients (83% girls), mean age 15.4 years (range 13‐17), were included. Three themes emerged: generic content of the EQ‐5D‐Y‐5L descriptive system; design and wording of the EQ‐5D‐Y‐5L descriptive system and the EQ VAS; self‐reporting health with the EQ‐5D‐Y‐5L descriptive system and the EQ VAS.ConclusionThe inclusion of physical health dimensions was perceived as positive, but some patients considered the descriptive system too generic. The results indicate that these patients in general could self‐report their health in a meaningful way with the EQ‐5D‐Y‐5L instrument.
Estimation of conditional power for cluster‐randomized trials with interval‐censored endpoints
Authors: Cook Kaitlyn , Wang Rui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCluster‐randomized trials (CRTs) of infectious disease preventions often yield correlated, interval‐censored data: dependencies may exist between observations from the same cluster, and event occurrence may be assessed only at intermittent study visits. This data structure must be accounted for when conducting interim monitoring and futility assessment for CRTs. In this article, we propose a flexible framework for conditional power estimation when outcomes are correlated and interval‐censored. Under the assumption that the survival times follow a shared frailty model, we first characterize the correspondence between the marginal and cluster‐conditional survival functions, and then use this relationship to semiparametrically estimate the cluster‐specific survival distributions from the available interim data. We incorporate assumptions about changes to the event process over the remainder of the trial—as well as estimates of the dependency among observations in the same cluster—to extend these survival curves through the end of the study. Based on these projected survival functions, we generate correlated interval‐censored observations, and then calculate the conditional power as the proportion of times (across multiple full‐data generation steps) that the null hypothesis of no treatment effect is rejected. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method through extensive simulation studies, and illustrate its use on a large cluster‐randomized HIV prevention trial.
Complement's favourite organelle—Mitochondria?
Authors: Rahman Jubayer , Singh Parul , Merle Nicolas S. , Niyonzima Nathalie , Kemper Claudia 
Published: August 2020

The complement system, well known for its central role in innate immunity, is currently emerging as an unexpected, cell‐autonomous, orchestrator of normal cell physiology. Specifically, an intracellularly active complement system—the complosome—controls key pathways of normal cell metabolism during immune cell homeostasis and effector function. So far, we know little about the exact structure and localization of intracellular complement components within and among cells. A common scheme, however, is that they operate in crosstalk with other intracellular immune sensors, such as inflammasomes, and that they impact on the activity of key subcellular compartments. Among cell compartments, mitochondria appear to have built a particularly early and strong relationship with the complosome and extracellularly active complement—not surprising in view of the strong impact of the complosome on metabolism. In this review, we will hence summarize the current knowledge about the close complosome–mitochondria relationship and also discuss key questions surrounding this novel research area.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on Canonical and non‐canonical functions of the complement system in health and disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.14/issuetoc
A co‐training‐based approach for the hierarchical multi‐label classification of research papers
Authors: Masmoudi Abir , Bellaaj Hatem , Drira Khalil , Jmaiel Mohamed 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the problem of the hierarchical multi‐label classification of research papers, which is the task of assigning the set of relevant labels for a paper from a hierarchy, using reduced amounts of labelled training data. Specifically, we study leveraging unlabelled data, which are usually plentiful and easy to collect, in addition to the few available labelled ones in a semi‐supervised learning framework for achieving better performance results. Thus, in this paper, we propose a semi‐supervised approach for the hierarchical multi‐label classification task of research papers based on the well‐known Co‐training algorithm, which exploit content and bibliographic coupling information as two distinct papers' views. In our approach, two hierarchical multi‐label classifiers, are learnt on different views of the labelled data, and iteratively select their most confident unlabelled samples, which are further added to the labelled set. The success of our suggested Co‐training‐based approach lies in two main components. The first is the use of two suggested selection criteria (i.e., Maximum Agreement and Labels Cardinality Consistency) that enforce selecting confident unlabelled samples. The second is the appliance of an oversampling method that rebalances the labels distribution of the initial labelled set, which reduces the reinforcement of the label imbalance issue during the Co‐training learning. The proposed approach is evaluated using a collection of scientific papers extracted from the ACM digital library. Performed experiments show the effectiveness of our approach with regards to several baseline methods.
Radiological characterization of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) by X‐ray computed tomography
Authors: Ceballos‐Francisco Diana , Carrillo Nuria G. , Pardo‐Fernández Francisco J. , Cuesta Alberto , Esteban María Á. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the increasing use of fish as new animal models in scientific research and the growth of fish farming (mainly for human consumption) have highlighted the need for advanced technology to deepen our knowledge of fish biology. Hence, the present study was carried out to radiologically analyse the whole body of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) specimens using X‐ray computed tomography (CT). Images were acquired in an Albira SPECT/PET/CT tri‐modal preclinical‐scanner. Segmentation, measurements and three‐dimensional reconstruction were made using the Carestream Molecular imaging Albira CT system in conjunction with Pmod, AMIDE and Amira software packages. The results showed that the density values of gilthead seabream are in the range −700 to +2500 HU for the whole body. We also determined the density ranges that topographically coincide with the swim bladder, soft tissues, fat, skin and skeleton. This work describes, validates and demonstrates the application of a fully automated image analysis technique to study and quantify fish body composition, whether segmented or as a whole. In addition, the basis for applying this image technique in other in vivo studies is established.