bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Mongolian Economic Growth
Authors: Bayaraa Batchimeg 
Published: March 2020

Mongolia is the second largest landlocked country, which has unique economic condition. This paper aims to examine Mongolian economic growth from 2000 until 2016 and identify its determinants. The growth was studied based on the growth rate of National Domestic Product. Initially, 20 macroeconomic variables are chosen and tested for the economic growth determinators such as; unemployment rate, human capital index, import growth, inflation rate, export growth, and interest rate, etc. The results showed that the growth rate of dollar exchange, inflation rate, and the growth rate of export were the main factors (81.4%). Mongolian GDP per capita and poverty rate were compared with other Asian lower-middle-economies, which are classified in the same classification as Mongolia. An increment of average salary was adjusted by the inflation rate, which showed the purchasing power declined in 2015. Statistics of Central Bank of Mongolia, Central Intelligence Agency, World Bank’s statistics, and the statistics from National Statistics Office of Mongolia are used for the research.
JEL Classification: H0, H30, H6, H70
The Current State of CSR in the Football Clubs of the Professional Football League in Jordan
Authors: Al-Daaja Yehia , Szabados György Norbert 
Published: March 2020

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a common practice all over the world, however, social responsibility in the field of sport is still a new concept and received a little attention. This study aims to reveal the current state of social responsibility practices among the football clubs of the professional football league in Jordan. A descriptive survey method was used and a questionnaire was designed to collect the required data on three aspects (administrative, financial and CSR programs). The study found that there is a medium degree of availability of the administrative and financial aspects that activate the implementation of the CSR concept. Moreover, the study also revealed a medium degree of availability of the CSR programs offered by the selected clubs. Furthermore, the study proved that the football clubs in Jordan are aware of their social responsibility and recognize their role in the betterment of the society.
JEL Classification: C21, D24, Q12
Changes in the Relationship Between ICT Use and Economic Development in EU Member States 2010-2016
Authors: Herdon Miklós , Csordás Adrián 
Published: March 2020

In this study, we examined some ICT indicators of the EU Member States between 2010 and 2016 based on data of the World Bank and Eurostat. We wanted to know, how can the EU Member States be grouped according to these indicators, and which group can Hungary belong to. With the help of international literature reviews, three indicators were chosen. According to these we created three groups (underdeveloped, developing, developed) with the K-Mean cluster method that is classified by their level of development. Interesting changes took place during the period under review. By the end of the analyzed period, six countries lost their “developed” rating among others some founding members. There were also interesting changes in the clusters. The value of some indicators increased more than 40% in some cases, surprisingly, only in one case measured reduction. The proportion of ICT specialists decreased in developing countries (by 1%). The highest growth rate was observed in the developed countries in e-commerce. Because of the high proportion of ICT professionals and the share of e-commerce in the developed cluster we assumed that service would be the dominant sector. The two-sample t-test did not confirm our hypothesis. We supposed the focus in developing countries will be on the industry, due we think the developed countries started to outsource their SSCs (shared service centers) to less developed countries. With the help of a statistical indicator, we confirmed our assumption, but the result not so convincing since the significant level is only 11%. Although we thought that the underdeveloped group of countries was based on agriculture, statistical studies did not support our hypothesis.
JEL Classification: O13, O14, O52
L’Antica Pizzeria da Michele as a Case Study of Traditional Speciality Guaranteed and International Franchising
Authors: Gatto Andrea 
Published: March 2020

This work explores the case study of L’Antica Pizzeria da Michele as a best practice of traditional speciality guaranteed and international franchising. Besides being one of the most ancient and successful pizzerias in Naples, da Michele is renowned all over the world for the quality of its raw products, dough processing, and output. In the last years, da Michele also started pioneering the pizza production and commerce industry with an innovative franchising model and a new company appointed to managing this latter business. This work makes use of in-depth interviews and data collected on the field. For such scope, top managers and employees of both the local and the international companies were interviewed. The study finds that da Michele managed to become a benchmark for territorial food products and, more recently, for high-standard franchising, jumpstarting a successful brand-new company and food business project.
JEL Classification: O13, Q13, Q16, Q1
Responsible Behavior and Environmental Protection – in Case of Football Clubs
Authors: Ráthonyi-Ódor Kinga , Bácsné Bába Éva , Ráthonyi Gergely 
Published: March 2020

There has been a hotspot in sports industry these days that is becoming more and more wide-spread in sports organizations and among managers, namely CSR, that is corporate social responsibility. In the life of geographical regions, towns or villages, professional football clubs play a crucial role. Consequently, clubs tend to take responsibility for these communities in return for their support: whether it is the local population or the authorities, other businesses or the environment, they are ready to stand up for good causes. Nowadays sports centres with their regular events have a significant effect on the environment either regionally or globally. That is the reason why it has become vital in the management of sports facilities to respect environmental principles when designing and using sports facilities and to avoid producing pollution that could harm and deteriorate the environment. The aim of our study was on the one hand, to present the definitional and theoretical evolution of CSR, than the CSR concept in sport, special regard to environmental protection. On the other hand, to analyze what kind of CSR related issues do football clubs (Real Madrid C. F. – RM, Borussia Dortmund – BVB) and how they are addressing issues of environmental sustainability in the context of CSR. According to RM and BVB, we can say that they really try to do efforts to responsible behavior and environmental protection. They have special respect for the society and took big step to use different environmental management tools. It was easy to find information, reports and case studies about these activities.
JEL Classification: M14
Profile Hemodynamics (Blood Pressure And Heart Rate) Changes in The Use of Adrenaline in Cesarean Section With Spinal Anesthesia at Dr Soetomo Surabaya Hospital
Authors: Rahmah Ainur , Utariani Arie , Basori Achmad 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: spinal anesthesia block is one of anesthesia technique that aims to block motor nerves resulting in paresis or anesthesia and paralysis or loss of muscle function in myotomes that are the same level as blocked dermatomes. Caesarean section is one of the surgical actions that are often performed mainly in birth cases. Besides that, the mechanism of the effects of giving birth to the operation of type B autonomic caesarean section autonomic nerve pronglion nerve which results in a decrease in the resistance of peripheral veins and peripheral vasodilatation which results in an imbalance in hemodynamics especially in blood pressure and heart rate and cause of hypotension. Vasopressor, fluid therapy, vasoconstrictor are given to reduce the toxicity of local anesthesia and to overcome hypotension. Objective: To determine hemodynamic changes (blood pressure and pulse) in spinal anesthesia block surgery patients with caesarean section at Dr Soetomo Hospital. Material and Method: This research is descriptive with a retrospective from January - March 2018, the sample taken with total sampling from secondary data from the central medical record at RSUD Dr. Soetomo. Results and Discussion: 68 samples were obtained from inclusion and exclusion criteria there was a change in blood pressure and pulse in patients with caesarean section with spinal anesthesia block with the addition of vasoconstrictors. There was a decrease in average systolic pressure 13.25, diastole 18.25 and pulse 4.5 and in no increase. There was a decrease in average systolic pressure 11.9286, diastole 13.8929 and pulse 5.6429 and no addition of p> 0.05 the two are not significantly different. Conclusion: addition of adrenaline to spinal anesthesia in caesarean section patients was not cause significant hemodynamic (blood pressure and heart rate) changes.
The Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Wound Treatment Techniques of Modern Dressing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alfaqih Mohammad Roni , Sinawang Gabriel Wanda , Faizah Rohmatul , Hermanto Andrik 
Published: March 2020

Background: One of the complications caused by diabetes mellitus is the problem of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The management of the DFU problem can be carried out through the wound care focused on the foot using modern dressings. This research was to determine the effectiveness of modern dressings on the healing process of diabetic foot ulcers.Methods: The methods used in arranging this systematic review were (1) the identification of interventions in the literature, (2) the identification of relevant literature based on the topic and title, (3) obtaining the literature in full-text form and (4) the analysis of the results from the various interventions in the literature.Result: The literature search was carried out in several databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar and Pubmed. The samples in this article were research about the effect of modern dressings in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. A total of 22 evidence bases found 10 studies using the pre-experimental method, 3 RCTs, 2 quasi-experiments, 2 articles / systematic reviews, 2 perspective studies, 1 medical report, 1 case study and 1 vitro and vivo study.Conclusion: Based on the review, it explains that the research on modern dressings using nanocrystalline silver ion and curcumin can improves wound recovery by increasing the transformation rate of the ß1 growth factor, which is a protein involved in cell growth and proliferation.
Factors Affecting Burnout Syndrome Among Nurses: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ardiansyah Rizal Tri , Putra Fetreo Negeo , Soebagyo Hari , Weu Basilius Yosepfus 
Published: March 2020

Background: Burnout syndrome is due to the fatigue felt from work, both physically and mentally. Work fatigue experienced by the health care team, especially the nurses, can threaten patient safety. There needs to be actions or policies put in place to decrease the level of nurse burnout syndrome. Before setting the policies or actions, it is important to know the factors that affect the occurrence of burnout syndrome. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors that influence the occurrence and incidence of burnout syndrome.Method: The authors specified the topics and keywords used to search the literature, which in turn allowed for the seeking and obtaining of the appropriate literature criteria. The search found 15 pieces of literature.Result: There are several factors that cause burnout syndrome, but the most common factor in the working environment was the poor working conditions and motivation factors of nursing itself.Conclusion: Based on the results above, we can reduce burnout syndrome with modifications in the working environment or improving the nurse’s motivation through policies, dependent on the institution.
A Case Control Study on Physical Activity and Body Mass Index Associated with Hemorrhoids
Authors: Karim Jalina , Abdullah Alif Asyraf Arispa , Zolkifle A'syaratun Kamilah , Roslan Nur Shafizah , Kumar Suganthi , Shiong Kelvin C 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Body mass index (BMI) and physical activity are the controversial risk factors that cause hemorrhoids. This study was conducted to determine the association between body mass index and physical activity.Methods: This was a case-control study which involved two hundred and two patients using convenience sampling. They had to answer a questionnaire consisting of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) which monitored their physical activity and their BMI was also measured. For the descriptive analysis, Chi square and an odd ratio were carried out.Results: There was a significant association between age and hemorrhoids (p=0.02), in which the patients who were younger than 50 years old were more likely to have hemorrhoids compared to those who were older than 50 years old (OR=2.268, 95%CI: 1.107-4.630). For the risk estimation calculation, the Chinese individuals were found to have a higher risk compared to non-Chinese individuals (OR=2.056, 95% CI: 1.174-3.601). BMI was proven to be significantly associated with hemorrhoids (p=0.043). Physical activities were found to not be statistically significant (p=0.209). Those with a low and moderate physical activity level were 1.24 times more likely to have hemorrhoids compared to those with a high level of physical activity (OR=1.243, 95%CI: 0.697-2.217). The confidence interval was between 0.697 and 2.217, therefore it was not statistically significant.Conclusion: Physical activity was not associated with the hemorrhoids. However, it was shown that good physical activity could help to regulate bowel function and therefore, the occurrence of hemorrhoids would be less likely. BMI was significantly associated with hemorrhoids.
Minimizing the Use of Restraint in Patients with Mental Disorders at a Mental Hospital: A Systematic Review
Authors: Syamsudin Achmad , Fiddaroini Fakhrun Nisa , Heru Maulidiyah Junnatul Azizah 
Published: March 2020

Background: Restraint in the psychiatric unit is a common practice but it is very controversial and it has undergone a poor evaluation according to methodological investigations. Using restraint is a common problem and has a significant impact on patients, families and health care staff. Therefore, this systematic review will discuss the important reasons as to why restraint should be reduced. It will also explain several alternative treatments for aggressive patients in mental hospitals.Method: The database searches were used to identify potential articles: Scopus and Proquest were the focus. The search was limited to those published in the range of the last 5 years from 2013 to 2018. The keywords that were used were ‘restraint in the hospital’, ‘restraint reduction’, ‘the elimination of restraint’ and ‘physical restraint’.Result: Only 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. The results suggest that restraint is considered to be a violation of human rights and that it traumatizes the patients. It is inhuman and degrading. Besides this, restraint can result in physical complications in the form of lacerations, asphyxia, thrombosis and death. Restraint is permitted when other methods fail and in emergency conditions.Conclusion: Some of the ways to reduce the use of restraint are by constant monitoring and through the control of individual behavior, including verbal management and attitudes, reducing the environmental risks, and administering drugs. Some of the efforts to avoid restraint are the "Positive and Safe in Calderstones" program, sensory modulation and peer advice and support.
The Effect of Foot Massage on Decreasing Peripheral Neuropathy Diabetic Complaints in the Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Agustini Ni Luh Putu Inca Buntari , Wulansari Nadya Tressna , Yusniawati Yustina Ni Putu , Sintia Ni Wayan 
Published: March 2020

Background: Peripheral neuropathy diabetic is a problem that will be experienced by almost all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One of the non-pharmacological therapies that can be done to reduce the complaints of peripheral neuropathy diabetic is foot massage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of foot massage on decreasing peripheral neoropathy diabetic complaints.Method: The research design was a one group pretest-post-test design (foot massage) as the treatment given to the patients with T2DM. The population in this study was the patients with T2DM who had peripheral neuropathy diabetic. Seventy-two participants were involved as the sample of the study selected through simple random sampling. The data was collected using the questionnaire of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument.Result: The results were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank test with a significance level was set at α = 0.05.Conclusion: The foot massage had a significant effect at reducing the complaints of peripheral neuropathy diabetic in patients with T2DM (p=0,000 < ɑ 0.05). The patients with T2DM are expected to practice foot massage independently.
Family Support on the Activities of Elderly Hypertension Patients in Elderly Gymnastics Activities
Authors: Yuniartika Wachidah , Muhammad Fauzan 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: The aging process results in decreased body resistance, physiological functions and diseases which attack the elderly, such as hypertension. Elderly gymnastics is a mild exercise that is applied to the elderly. High family support will make the elderly more actively participate in elderly gymnastics activities, and vice versa. The aim of study was to determine the relationship of Family Support to the Activity of Elderly in Pajang Village.Methods: The design of the study was quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The population of the study was all elderly people with hypertension who were aged 60 years and over who participated in elderly gymnastics, with total sampling at 95 respondents. This was then analyzed using the Kendall’s Tau formula.Results: The majority of family support was enough (38.8%) and the active category (63.2%), with bivariate analysis a value of 0.001 (<0.05), with a magnitude of 0.082.Conclusion: Families can help overcome the problems of the elderly and provide support for exercise activities. Families can also increase self-confidence to improve the health of the elderly. There is a significant relationship of family support for the activeness of elderly hypertension patients in elderly gymnastics activities in Pajang Village.
Clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes of rare genera fungal keratitis in China
Authors: Wang Xin , Lu Xiuhai , Li Suxia , Wang Ting , Jia Yanni , Wang Shuting , Wang Jingting , Dong Chunxiao , Shi Weiyun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Fungal keratitis is a common cause of blindness, and although major fungal genera in China have been widely reported, little is known regarding rare genera of fungal keratitis. This study is aimed at investigating the clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes of rare genera of fungal keratitis and improving clinicians’ understanding of these genera in China.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed at Shandong Eye Hospital from October 2008 to December 2017. The clinical manifestations, risk factors, confocal microscopic images, histopathological features, in vitro drug sensitivity tests, and treatment outcomes of 16 patients with 8 rare fungal genera were evaluated.Results: Slit lamps were used to observe Rhizopus, Pythium insidiosum, and Purpureocillium lilacinum, which presented with endothelial plaque and hypopyon. Curvularia crescentulum keratitis mainly presents with feathered edges. Cases of Colletotrichum, Exserohilum, and Bipolaris also showed these feathered edges extending to the periphery, while Sarocladium keratitis only showed obvious edema and infiltration. The mean age was 54.75±12.70 years with an increase in male preponderance. Plant trauma and foreign body scratching caused ten cases (62.5%), and six cases (37.5%) were caused without inducement. In 2/3 cases, Curvularia crescentulum keratitis was cured with antifungal medication, while in 14/16 cases (87.5%), surgery was required. An exception occurred in three cases of Pythium insidiosum, where patients with fungal recurrence and final evisceration was performed; no recurrence of infection occurred in the rest of the patients. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, LogMAR) of 13 cases was 1.48 ±0.85 before treatment and 0.60 ±0.45 after treatment, and the difference was found to be statistically significant [(95 % CI, 0.33–1.43) (P=0.003)].Conclusions: We report on the rare fungal genera collected in China in order to improve the knowledge of clinicians. In our study, Curvularia crescentulum seems to respond well to antifungal drugs. Patients affected by Pythium insidiosum often need long-term recovery and multiple keratoplasty, and postoperative fungal recurrence rate is high. For fungal keratitis, the combination of early sensitive antifungal drugs and necessary surgical treatment may still be a beneficial factor in treatment.
Cloning, molecular and functional characterization by overexpression in Arabidopsis of MAPKK genes from grapevine (Vitis vinifera)
Authors: Wang Gang , Liang Ying-hai , Zhang Ji-yu , Cheng Zong-Ming (Max) 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), as a part of the MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK cascade, play crucial roles in plant development as an intracellular signal transduction pathways to respond various environmental signals. However, few MAPKK have been functionally characterized in grapevine. Results : In the study, five MAPKK (MKK) members were identified in grapevine (cultivar ‘Pinot Noir’), cloned and designated as VvMKK1-VvMKK5. A phylogenetic analysis grouped them into four sub-families based on the similarity of their conserved motifs and gene structure to Arabidopsis MAPKK members. qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression of VvMKK1, VvMKK2, VvMKK4, and VvMKK5 were up-regulated in mature leaf and young blades, and roots, but exhibited low expression in leaf petioles. VvMKK2, VvMKK3, and VvMKK5 genes were differentially up-regulated when grapevine leaves were inoculated with spores of Erisyphe necator , or treated with salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ETH), H 2 O 2, or exposed to drought, indicating that these genes may be involved in a variety of signaling pathways. Over expression of VvMKK2 and VvMKK4 genes in transgenic Arabidopsis plants resulted in the production of seeds with a significantly higher germination and survival rate, and better seedling growth under stress conditions than wild-type plants. Overexpression of VvMKK2 in Arabidopsis improved salt and drought stress tolerance while overexpression of VvMKK4 only improved salt stress tolerance. Conclusions: Results of the present investigation provide a better understanding of the interaction and function of MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK genes at the transcriptional level in grapevine and led to the identification of candidate genes for drought and salt stress in grapes.