bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The HR lady is on board: Untangling the link between HRM's feminine image and HRM's board representation
Authors: Reichel Astrid , Scheibmayr Isabella , Brandl Julia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we untangle the relationship between the HRM occupation's feminine image and the representation of the HRM function on executive boards. A Monte Carlo simulation analysis of 172 executive boards in Austria, Germany, France, Spain, and Sweden shows that women on boards are disproportionately often responsible for HRM and having a woman on the board corresponds to HRM being represented on the board. Additional exploratory analyses of country contexts indicate that this relationship is not universal. Considering several explanations for these country differences, we propose that institutional pressures promoting women's integration into boards is the main reason for the differences. Organisations yield to this pressure and reduce the anticipated performance risks by appointing women with function‐specific experience to board positions responsible for HRM—a function perceived as matching women's stereotypically assumed talents.
Adverse Events from Emergency Physician Pediatric Extremity Radiograph Interpretations: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Al‐Sani Faisal , Prasad Soni , Panwar Jyoti , Stimec Jennifer , Khosroawshahi Arash , Mizzi Trent , Camp Mark , Colaco Keith , Kramer Adam , Boutis Kathy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe determined how often emergency physician pediatric musculoskeletal (MSK) radiograph interpretations were discordant to that of a radiologist and led to an adverse event (AE). We also established the variables independently associated with this outcome.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted in an urban, tertiary care children's emergency department (ED). We enrolled children who presented to an ED with an extremity injury and received radiographs. ED physicians documented their radiograph interpretation, which was compared to a radiology reference standard. Patients received telephone follow‐up and had institutional medical records reviewed in 3 weeks. An AE occurred if there were clinical sequelae and/or repeat health care visits due to a delay in correct radiograph interpretation.ResultsWe enrolled 2,302 children (mean [±SD] age = 9.0 [4.4] years; 1,288 (56.0%) male]. Of these, 180 (7.8%; 95% confidence interval = 6.8 to 9.0) ED physician discordant interpretations resulted in an AE. Specifically, there were no negative clinical outcomes; however, relative to cases diagnosed correctly at the index ED, patients whose fracture was not initially identified encountered 77.2% more subsequent ED visits, while those falsely diagnosed with a fracture experienced 41.5% additional orthopedic clinic visits. Odds of an ED discrepant interpretation was significantly higher if a physician’s pretest probability of a fracture was ≤ 20% versus> 20% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.6), patient’s pain score was ≤ 2 versus> 2 (aOR = 1.6), and injury was located in a joint versus other location (aOR = 1.7).ConclusionsEmergency physician discordant pediatric MSK radiograph interpretations that resulted in an AE occurred with regular frequency in a pediatric ED setting. AEs were primarily an increase in subsequent health care visits. Importantly, a low clinical suspicion for a fracture or injury located in the joint were risk factors for ED physician discordant interpretations.
Fear conditioning and extinction in alcohol dependence: Evidence for abnormal amygdala reactivity
Authors: Muench Christine , Charlet Katrin , Balderston Nicholas L. , Grillon Christian , Heilig Markus , Cortes Carlos R. , Momenan Reza , Lohoff Falk W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFear conditioning and extinction (FCE) are vital processes in adaptive emotion regulation and disrupted in anxiety disorders. Despite substantial comorbidity between alcohol dependence (ALC) and anxiety disorders and reports of altered negative emotion processing in ALC, neural correlates of FCE in this clinical population remain unknown. Here, we used a 2‐day fear learning paradigm in 43 healthy participants and 43 individuals with ALC at the National Institutes of Health. Main outcomes of this multimodal study included structural and functional brain magnetic resonance imaging, clinical measures, as well as skin conductance responses (SCRs) to confirm differential conditioning. Successful FCE was demonstrated across participants by differential SCRs in the conditioning phase and no difference in SCRs to the conditioned stimuli in the extinction phase. The ALC group showed significantly reduced blood oxygenation level‐dependent responses in the right amygdala during conditioning (Cohen's d = .89, P(FWE) = .037) and in the left amygdala during fear renewal (Cohen's d = .68, P(FWE) = .039). Right amygdala activation during conditioning was significantly correlated with ALC severity (r = .39, P(Bonferroni) = .009), depressive symptoms (r = .37, P(Bonferroni) = .015), trait anxiety (r = .41, P(Bonferroni) = .006), and perceived stress (r = .45, P(Bonferroni) = .002). Our data suggest that individuals with ALC have dysregulated fear learning, in particular, dysregulated neural activation patterns, in the amygdala. Furthermore, amygdala activation during fear conditioning was associated with ALC‐related clinical measures. The FCE paradigm may be a promising tool to investigate structures involved in negative affect regulation, which might inform the development of novel treatment approaches for ALC.
Digging up the dirt: Quantifying the effects on soil of a translocated ecosystem engineer
Authors: Halstead Lauren M. , Sutherland Duncan R. , Valentine Leonie E. , Rendall Anthony R. , Coetsee Amy L. , Ritchie Euan G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDigging mammals are often considered ecosystem engineers, as they affect important properties of soils and in turn nutrient exchange, vegetation dynamics and habitat quality. Returning such species, and their functions, to areas from where they have been extirpated could help restore degraded landscapes and is increasingly being trialled as a conservation tool. Studies examining the effects of digging mammals have largely been from arid and semi‐arid environments, with little known about their impacts and importance in mesic systems. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the ecological role of a recently introduced population of eastern barred bandicoots (Perameles gunnii) on Churchill Island, Victoria, south‐eastern Australia, from which all digging mammals have been lost. We quantified the annual rate of soil turnover by estimating the number of foraging pits bandicoots created in 100‐m2plots over a 24‐h period. Foraging pit counts could not be completed in each season, and the overall turnover estimate assumes that autumn/winter months represent turnover rates for the entire year; however, this is likely to fluctuate between seasons. Ten fresh and ten old pits were compared to paired undug control sites to quantify the effect soil disturbance had on soil hydrophobicity, moisture content and soil strength. Plots contained between zero and 64 new foraging pits each day. We estimated that an individual eastern barred bandicoot digs ~487 (95% CI = 416–526) small foraging pits per night, displacing ~13.15 kg (95% CI = 11.2–14.2 kg) of soil, equating to ~400 kg (95% CI = 341–431 kg) of soil in a winter month. Foraging pits were associated with decreased soil compaction and increased soil moisture along the foraging pit profile. Eastern barred bandicoots likely play an important role in ecosystems through their effects on soil, which adds to an increasing body of knowledge suggesting restoration of ecosystems, via the return of ecosystem engineers and their functions, holds much promise for conserving biodiversity and ecological function.
Three‐dimensional printing in orthopaedic preoperative planning improves intraoperative metrics: a systematic review
Authors: Jiang Michael , Chen Gordon , Coles‐Black Jasamine , Chuen Jason , Hardidge Andrew 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThree‐dimensional (3D) printing has seen increasing interest in surgery, where it improves the visualization of difficult anatomy in complex cases. This literature review investigates the benefits and limitations of 3D printed models in preoperative planning in the field of orthopaedic surgery.MethodsA literature search was performed using the Ovid platform on the Embase and MEDLINE databases using the terms ‘3D printing’, ‘Orthopaedics’ and ‘Surgical Planning’. Studies using 3D printed models as a part of preoperative planning were included. All others were excluded. Data regarding the metrics used to assess the benefit of the use of 3D models, surgical outcome, and surgeon or patient opinion on the technology were extracted.ResultsA total of 41 studies resulted. Eight (19.5%) were case–control studies, the remainder were case reports or case series. Assessment of benefit was mostly subjective, although the case–control studies included objective metrics such as operation time, intraoperative blood loss and intraoperative fluoroscopy time. The use of 3D printing technology showed subjective benefit for both patient and surgeon as well as indicating clinically significant improvements in intraoperative metrics.ConclusionDespite the current absence of large scale trials, 3D printing has clear benefits in preoperative planning, particularly when utilized in complex cases. A streamlined workflow for case selection, in‐house model creation and preoperative rehearsals is still required to be developed before the process is ready for routine use. Evidence supports an improvement in intraoperative metrics and patient engagement but data to support improved clinical outcome is lacking.
Impact of temporary ileostomy on long‐term quality of life and bowel function: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Keane Celia , Sharma Puja , Yuan Lance , Bissett Ian , O'Grady Greg 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundDefunctioning ileostomy is widely used to protect a low colorectal anastomosis. However, the use of an ileostomy may have an impact on long‐term bowel function and quality of life after anterior resection. The objectives were to compare bowel function and quality of life outcomes between patients undergoing an anterior resection for rectal cancer, with and without the formation of a diverting ileostomy, and to compare outcomes for early versus late closure of diverting ileostomy.MethodA systematic literature review was performed to identify studies published between 2007 and 2018 comparing bowel function and quality of life outcomes after an anterior resection for rectal cancer in those with and without formation of a diverting ileostomy.ResultsFour studies (three randomized controlled trials) reported bowel function and quality of life outcomes. Pooled analysis for 227 participants showed that having an ileostomy is associated with twice the risk of suffering from low anterior resection syndrome (odds ratio (major low anterior resection syndrome) 1.96, 95% confidence interval 1.1, 3.5; P = 0.02). There were no consistent differences in quality of life. Based on single studies there is limited evidence of some improvements in bowel function but no difference in quality of life after early compared to late closure of ileostomy.ConclusionThere is some evidence for an association between low anterior resection syndrome and the use of a diverting ileostomy to protect a rectal anastomosis. Potential confounders include height of the anastomosis. Further research into the mechanisms underlying this potential association may inform methods to mitigate the harms of an ileostomy.
Navigating Postsocialism: Bulgarian Seafarers’ Working Lives before and after 1989
Authors: Kremakova Milena 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe collapse of state socialism in 1989 reshaped the maritime industries in East European countries. Based on an ethnographic study of Bulgarian maritime and waterfront workers, this article examines how shipping mobilities changed after 1989. This case study provides a unique vantage point for understanding the experiences of two generations in a stormy world of work. Before 1989, many countries in the Soviet Bloc had successful merchant navies. Fleets and transport infrastructures were owned and managed by each state, but also coordinated transnationally via the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON). Seafarers were a unique occupational group under state socialism. While they had more access to international mobility than other occupational groups, their economic and political freedom was still limited. After the fall of the Iron Curtain, the Bulgarian shipping industry joined the global market almost overnight. The profound social, economic, and political transformations unleashed by the change of regime coincided with the rapid internationalization, technological and security innovations, and marketization that were reshaping the maritime industry worldwide at the time. These overlapping transformations radically changed the working lives of Bulgarian seafarers, opening new opportunities for some, but also creating dramatic social inequalities in the formerly tight maritime community and shifting the balance between mobility and fixity of maritime labor. Bulgarian seafarers found themselves “at sea” in two ways simultaneously: not just employed in mobile and international workplaces, but also adapting to a society and job market in flux.
Lenalidomide maintenance for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma patients responding to R‐CHOP: quality of life, dosing, and safety results from the randomised controlled REMARC study
Authors: Thieblemont Catherine , Howlett Susannah , Casasnovas René‐Olivier , Mounier Nicolas , Perrot Aurore , Morschhauser Franck , Fruchart Christophe , Daguindau Nicolas , van Eygen Koen , Obéric Lucie , Bouabdallah Reda , Pica Gian Matteo , Nicolas‐Virezelier Emmanuelle , Abraham Julie , Fitoussi Olivier , Snauwaert Sylvia , Eisenmann Jean‐Claude , Lionne‐Huyghe Pauline , Bron Dominique , Tricot Sabine , Deeren Dries , Gonzalez Hugo , Costello Régis , Le Du Katell , da Silva Maria Gomes , Grosicki Sebastian , Trotman Judith , Catalano John , Caballero Dolores , Greil Richard , Cohen Amos M. , Gaulard Philippe , Roulin Louise , Takeshita Kenichi , Casadebaig Marie‐Laure , Tilly Hervé , Coiffier Bertrand 
Published: November 2019

SummaryLenalidomide maintenance therapy prolonged progression‐free survival (PFS) versus placebo in elderly patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) responding to induction chemotherapy in the phase 3 REMARC study. This subpopulation analysis assessed the impact of lenalidomide maintenance and treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). Global health status (GHS), and physical functioning and fatigue subscales were evaluated in patients who completed the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality‐of‐life questionnaire‐C30 v3.0. The impact of TEAEs classified post hoc as subjective (patients can feel) or observable (only measurable by physicians) on dose reductions and discontinuations was assessed. Among 457 patients (lenalidomide, n = 229; placebo, n = 228), mean (standard deviation) GHS was similar between treatment arms [68·2 (20·7) Versus 72·0 (17·8)] at randomisation and remained similar during maintenance. Patients receiving lenalidomide experienced no meaningful changes in GHS, physical functioning, or fatigue. Observable TEAEs were more common (81·1% Versus 66·3%) and more likely to lead to dose reductions, than subjective TEAEs in both arms. PFS was superior in the lenalidomide arm regardless of dose reduction. Lenalidomide maintenance prolonged PFS and did not negatively impact HRQOL in patients with DLBCL despite TEAEs being more common, when compared with placebo.
Relationship between conservation biology and ecology shown through machine reading of 32,000 articles
Authors: Hintzen Rogier E. , Papadopoulou Marina , Mounce Ross , Banks‐Leite Cristina , Holt Robert D. , Mills Morena , T. Knight Andrew , Leroi Armand M. , Rosindell James 
Published: November 2019

AbstractConservation biology was founded on the idea that efforts to save nature depend on a scientific understanding of how it works. It sought to apply ecological principles to conservation problems. We investigated whether the relationship between these fields has changed over time through machine reading the full texts of 32,000 research articles published in 16 ecology and conservation biology journals. We examined changes in research topics in both fields and how the fields have evolved from 2000 to 2014. As conservation biology matured, its focus shifted from ecology to social and political aspects of conservation. The 2 fields diverged and now occupy distinct niches in modern science. We hypothesize this pattern resulted from increasing recognition that social, economic, and political factors are critical for successful conservation and possibly from rising skepticism about the relevance of contemporary ecological theory to practical conservation.
IntelliHome: An internet of things‐based system for electrical energy saving in smart home environment
Authors: Paredes‐Valverde Mario A. , Alor‐Hernández Giner , García‐Alcaráz Jorge L. , Salas‐Zárate María del Pilar , Colombo‐Mendoza Luis O. , Sánchez‐Cervantes José L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite there has been an increasing energy price due to factors such as supply, demand, government regulation, among others, users do not like to spend their time to analyze their power consumption and establish actions to save money. Hence, there is a need for smart solutions that help users to save energy at home in an easy way. The smart home concept is attracting the attention of both academia and industry to address this need. Nowadays, high volumes of data are available in the smart home context, facilitated by the growth of internet of things (IoT)‐based devices and advanced sensing infrastructure. Therefore, it is necessary to automatically extract useful knowledge from this information to cost‐effective use of energy at home. In this sense, this work presents IntelliHome, a smart‐home system that aims to reduce electrical energy consumption at home. To this end, IntelliHome uses big data analytics technologies and Machine Learning and statistical techniques to provide users with a meaningful perspective of their electricity consumption habits aiming to actively involve them in the energy‐saving process through real‐time information and energy‐saving recommendations. This work also discusses a case study and an evaluation aligned with the objectives of this work. The obtained results verify the effectiveness of the proposed system regarding electrical energy saving.
Using elephant movements to assess landscape connectivity under Peninsular Malaysia's central forest spine land use policy
Authors: de la Torre J. Antonio , Lechner Alex M. , Wong Ee P. , Magintan David , Saaban Salman , Campos‐Arceiz Ahimsa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOne of the most vital and urgent global conservation challenges is to deal with the loss and fragmentation of wildlife habitats, particularly for large‐bodied and wide‐ranging terrestrial megafauna. The Central Forest Spine Master Plan for Ecological Linkages (CFS) was developed by the Malaysian Federal Government in 2010 to protect biodiversity and ecosystem services by securing landscape connectivity between Peninsular Malaysia's main forest blocks. Here we present an evaluation of the effectiveness of the CFS master plan to promote functional connectivity for Asian elephants, one of its focal species. The specific objectives of our study were to identify the most critical forest patches to maintain connectivity for elephants in Peninsular Malaysia, assess functional connectivity within the CFS ecological linkages, and identify alternative corridors where appropriate to enhance CFS effectiveness. We used the largest animal movement dataset in Peninsular Malaysia (220,000 GPS locations from 53 elephants) to develop models of elephant movement probability and to estimate landscape resistance using step selection functions based on landscape characteristics. According to our evaluation of 28 linkages, 57% of them provided high functional connectivity, 28% provided acceptable connectivity, and 14% provided low to no connectivity. A very important and positive finding is that the CFS linkages with the highest centrality values (i.e., the most important to maintain overall connectivity in Peninsular Malaysia) also score highly in functional connectivity (i.e., they are actually effective corridors for elephant movement). This means that an adequate CFS implementation can lead to high levels of functional connectivity among Peninsular Malaysia's main forest blocks. Based on our assessment, we recommend to conduct some revisions on the CFS plan to ensure its effectiveness.
Orchestrating institutional complexity and performance management in the performing arts
Authors: Knardal Per Ståle 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the integration between institutional complexity and performance management in the field of performing arts. Prior research has documented tension related to how performance measures and management tools are used in arts organizations, and the conflict is often explained as being a result of the intrusion of business‐like accounting tools into the exercise of the arts. Drawing on the concept of institutional logics, the findings of the current study suggest that a diversity of logics is salient in this organizational field. The performance measurement system is confronted with multiple logics, and the study shows how the role of performance management is shaped by this institutional complexity.
Reducing transaction costs of tradable permit schemes using Blockchain smart contracts
Authors: Shahab Sina , Allam Zaheer 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTradable permit schemes (TPS) are market‐based policy instruments, which are claimed to be more statically and dynamically efficient in achieving their policy objectives compared to the traditional regulatory instruments. However, some researchers argue that the high level of transaction costs associated with these policy instruments might undermine their efficiency. This paper addresses this issue through exploring the use of Blockchain technology in order to lower transaction costs that arise from TPS transactions. More specifically, it identifies the benefits of using Blockchain smart contracts in implementing TPS that include: increasing the amount of relevant information available to interested actors thus reducing uncertainties; reducing the amount of irrelevant information available to interested actors thus decreasing complexities; correcting information asymmetries among the actors involved thus limiting opportunistic behaviours; lowering the need for the involvement of intermediaries thus decreasing direct monetary costs; and facilitating the linkage between buyers and sellers thus improving trading quality. These potential benefits can increase the efficiency of TPS by decreasing policy‐related transaction costs.