bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin‐4 overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells within gelatin‐based microribbon hydrogels enhance bone healing in a murine long bone critical‐size defect model
Authors: Ueno Masaya , Lo Chi‐Wen , Barati Danial , Conrad Bogdan , Lin Tzuhua , Kohno Yusuke , Utsunomiya Takeshi , Zhang Ning , Maruyama Masahiro , Rhee Claire , Huang Ejun , Romero‐Lopez Monica , Tong Xinming , Yao Zhenyu , Zwingenberger Stefan , Yang Fan , Goodman Stuart B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐based therapy is a promising strategy for bone repair. Furthermore, the innate immune system, and specifically macrophages, plays a crucial role in the differentiation and activation of MSCs. The anti‐inflammatory cytokine Interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) converts pro‐inflammatory M1 macrophages into a tissue regenerative M2 phenotype, which enhances MSC differentiation and function. We developed lentivirus‐transduced IL‐4 overexpressing MSCs (IL‐4 MSCs) that continuously produce IL‐4 and polarize macrophages toward an M2 phenotype. In the current study, we investigated the potential of IL‐4 MSCs delivered using a macroporous gelatin‐based microribbon (μRB) scaffold for healing of critical‐size long bone defects in Mice. IL‐4 MSCs within μRBs enhanced M2 marker expression without inhibiting M1 marker expression in the early phase, and increased macrophage migration into the scaffold. Six weeks after establishing the bone defect, IL‐4 MSCs within μRBs enhanced bone formation and helped bridge the long bone defect. IL‐4 MSCs delivered using macroporous μRB scaffold is potentially a valuable strategy for the treatment of critical‐size long bone defects.
Effects of extracellular vesicles released by peritoneal B-1 cells on experimental Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infection
Authors: Toledo Maytê dos Santos , Cronemberger-Andrade André , Barbosa Fernanda Marins Costa , Reis Natasha Ferraz de Campos , Dupin Talita Vieira , Soares Rodrigo Pedro , Torrecilhas Ana Claudia , Xander Patricia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
B-1 cells are a B-lymphocyte subtype whose roles in immunity are not completely defined. These cells can produce cytokines (mainly IL-10) and natural and specific antibodies. Currently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by immune cells have emerged as new important entities in cell-cell communication. Immune cells release EVs that can activate and/or modulate other immune cells. Here, we characterized the EVs released by peritoneal B-1 cells infected or not with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. This Leishmania species causes cutaneous leishmaniasis and can infect macrophages and B-1 cells. Our results showed that peritoneal B-1 cells spontaneously release EVs, but the parasite stimulated an increase in EVs production by peritoneal B-1 cells. The treatment of BALB/c and C57BL/6 bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) with EVs from infected peritoneal B-1 cells led to differential expression of iNOS, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. Additionally, BALB/c mice previous treated with EVs released by peritoneal B-1 cells showed a significant lower lesion size and parasite burden. Thus, this study demonstrated that peritoneal B-1 cells could release EVs that can alter the functions of macrophages in vitro and in vivo these EVs altered the course of L. amazonensis infection. These findings represent the first evidence that EVs from peritoneal B-1 cells can act as a new mechanism of cellular communication between macrophages and B-1 cells, contributing to immunity against experimental leishmaniasis.
Itch regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses in mice and humans
Authors: Field Natania S , Moser Emily K , Oliver Paula M 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch has long been appreciated to be a critical suppressor of inflammation, first identified as a regulator of Th2 differentiation and lung inflammation. Recent studies have revealed novel roles for this protein in mouse and human disease, and it is now clear that Itch also limits the function of other lymphocytes, innate immune cells, and nonhematopoietic cells to regulate immunity. In addition to Th2 cells, Itch also regulates Th17 and regulatory T cells. Itch regulates humoral immunity through direct roles in T follicular helper cells and T follicular regulatory cells, and B cells. Furthermore, Itch limits innate immune responses, such as macrophage cytokine production. Through these cell-intrinsic functions, Itch regulates the interplay between innate and adaptive immune cells, resulting in profound autoinflammation in Itch-deficient mice. Whereas Itch deficiency was previously thought to be an extremely rare occurrence humans, whole exome sequencing of patients with unexplained autoimmune disease has revealed at least two additional cases of Itch deficiency in the last year alone, each caused by distinct mutations within the Itch gene. The recent identification of these patients suggests that Itch mutations may be more common than previously thought, and demonstrates the need to understand how this protein regulates inflammation and autoimmune disease.
Patient‐Adaptive Magnetic Resonance Oximetry: Comparison With Invasive Catheter Measurement of Blood Oxygen Saturation in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Varghese Juliet , Smyke Matthew , Pan Yue , Rajpal Saurabh , Craft Jason , Potter Lee C. , Raman Subha V. , Ahmad Rizwan , Simonetti Orlando P. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe current standard method to measure intracardiac oxygen (O2) saturation is by invasive catheterization. Accurate noninvasive blood O2 saturation by MRI could potentially reduce the duration and risk of invasive diagnostic procedures.PurposeTo noninvasively determine blood oxygen saturation in the heart with MRI and compare the accuracy with catheter measurements.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsThirty‐two patients referred for right heart catheterization (RHC) and five healthy subjects.Field Strength/SequenceT2‐prepared single‐shot balanced steady‐state free‐precession at 1.5T.AssessmentMR signals in venous and arterial blood, hematocrit, and arterial O2 saturation from a pulse oximeter were jointly processed to fit the Luz–Meiboom model and estimate blood O2 saturation in the right heart. Interstudy reproducibility was evaluated in volunteers and patients. Interobserver reproducibility among three readers was assessed using data from volunteers and 10 patients. Accuracy of MR oximetry was compared to RHC in all patients.Statistical TestsCoefficient of variation, intraclass correlation coefficient, Bland–Altman analysis, Pearson's correlation.ResultsThe coefficient of variation for interstudy reproducibility of O2 saturation was 2.6% on average in volunteers and 3.2% in patients. Interobserver reproducibility among three observers yielded intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.81 and 0.87 respectively for RV and MPA O2 saturation. O2 saturation (y = 0.85x + 0.13, R = 0.78) and (a‐v)O2 difference (y = 0.71x + 0.90, R = 0.69) by MR and RHC were significantly correlated (N = 32, P < 0.05 in both cases) in patients. MR slightly overestimated O2 saturation compared to RHC with 2% ± 5% bias and limits of agreement between −7% and 12%.Data ConclusionMR oximetry is repeatable and reproducible. Good agreement was shown between MR and catheter venous O2 saturation and (a‐v)O2 difference in a cohort whose venous O2 ranged from abnormally low to high levels, with most values in the normal physiological range.Level of Evidence2.Technical Efficacy Stage2.
Coupling finite elements and auxiliary sources for electromagnetic wave propagation
Authors: Casati Daniele , Hiptmair Ralf , Smajic Jasmin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe propose four approaches to solve time‐harmonic Maxwell's equations in ℝ3 through the finite element method (FEM) in a bounded region encompassing parameter inhomogeneities, coupled with the multiple multipole program (MMP) in the unbounded complement. MMP belongs to the class of methods of auxiliary sources and of Trefftz methods, as it employs point sources that spawn exact solutions of the homogeneous equations. Each of these sources is anchored at a point that, if singular, is placed outside the respective domain of approximation. In the MMP domain, we assume that material parameters are piecewise constant, which induces a partition into one unbounded subdomain and other bounded, but possibly very large, subdomains, each requiring its own MMP trial space. Hence, in addition to the transmission conditions between the FEM and MMP domains, one also has to impose transmission conditions connecting the MMP subdomains. Coupling approaches arise from seeking stationary points of Lagrangian functionals that both enforce the variational form of the equations in the FEM domain and match the different trial functions across subdomain interfaces. We discuss the following approaches:

Least‐squares‐based coupling using techniques from PDE‐constrained optimization.

Discontinuous Galerkin coupling between the meshed FEM domain and the single‐entity MMP subdomains.

Multi‐field variational formulation in the spirit of mortar FEMs.
Coupling through the Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann operator.
We compare these approaches in a series of numerical experiments with different geometries and material parameters, including examples that exhibit triple‐point singularities and infinite layered media.
Dynamic changes in snowfall extremes in the Songhua River Basin, Northeastern China
Authors: Zhong Keyuan , Zheng Fenli , Zhang Xunchang , Qin Chao , Xu Ximeng , Lalic Branislava , Ćupina Branko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRainfall and snowfall differ greatly in terms of their effects on hydrological processes. Snowfall is usually regarded as snow water equivalent in studying precipitation extremes, without considering the difference between snowfall and rainfall. Although snowfall is a key indicator of global change, no generally accepted and no unified indices for the assessment of snowfall extremes currently exist. The objectives of this study are to identify a suite of extreme snowfall indices that can be used to describe extreme snowfall events, and to analyse the dynamic changes in the extreme snowfall indices that have occurred in the Songhua River Basin (SRB), China. The study employs a dataset that contains daily data from 60‐meteorological stations that cover a 55‐year period. The results include a suite of extreme snowfall indices that can be used to assess extreme snowfall events. These extreme snowfall indices include four comprehensive indices, four intensity indices, four grade indices and two date indices. The total snowfall, the number of snowfall days, the ratio of snowfall to total precipitation, the snowfall intensity (SNI), the amounts of extreme snowfall and very extreme snowfall display insignificant trends over the entire SRB. The changes in the ending snowfall date exhibit a significant advancing trend (p < .001), while the changes in beginning snowfall date display a significant delaying trend (p < .05), which have led to a reduced snowfall season length (p < .001). These results provide a series of reference indices in describing snowfall extremes and they can enhance our understanding of the variations in snowfall that occur under global warming.
Characteristics of the potential vorticity and its budget in the surface layer over the Tibetan plateau
Authors: Sheng Chen , Wu Guoxiong , Tang Yiqiong , He Bian , Xie Yongkun , Ma Tingting , Ma Ting , Li Jinxiao , Bao Qing , Liu Yimin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe variability of interior atmospheric potential vorticity (PV) is linked with PV generation at the Earth's surface. The present paper reveals the features of the surface PV and provides a stepping stone to investigate the surface PV budget. In this study, the formats of the PV and PV budget adopting a generalized vertical coordinate were theoretically examined to facilitate the calculation of the surface PV and its budget. Results show that the formats of the PV and PV budget equations are independent of the vertical coordinate. While the vertical component of the surface PV dominates over the platform of the Tibetan Plateau, the horizontal component plays an important role over the slopes of the Tibetan Plateau, especially the southern slope owing to the strong in‐situ meridional gradient of the potential temperature. These results indicate that the employment of complete surface PV not only provides a finer PV structure but also more appropriately reveals its effect on atmospheric circulation. Diagnosis based on reanalysis and model output demonstrates that the surface PV budget equation is well balanced both in terms of the climate mean and synoptic process, and the surface PV budget in June has a prominent diurnal cycle. The diabatic heating with a minimum in the early morning and a maximum from evening to midnight contributes dominantly to this diurnal cycle. It is further indicated that positive PV generation due to diabatic heating is essential for the formation, development, and movement of the Tibetan Plateau vortex.
Small Proportion of Low‐Birth‐Weight Infants With Ostomy and Intestinal Failure Due to Short‐Bowel Syndrome Achieve Enteral Autonomy Prior to Reanastomosis
Authors: Smazal Anne L. , Massieu L. Adriana , Gollins Laura , Hagan Joseph L. , Hair Amy B. , Premkumar Muralidhar H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is challenging to provide optimum nutrition in low‐birth‐weight (LBW) infants with short‐bowel syndrome (SBS) and ostomy. This study aims to evaluate the clinical course of LBW infants with SBS and ostomy in response to enteral feeds, recognize characteristics associated with achievement of enteral autonomy prior to reanastomosis, and evaluate associated short‐term outcomes.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 52 LBW neonates with intestinal failure (IF) caused by SBS and ostomy treated in a neonatal intensive care unit from 2012 to 2018 was performed. Clinical characteristics and short‐term outcomes were studied in relation to the location of the ostomy and the success with enteral feeding achieved prior to reanastomosis.ResultsOf the 52 infants with SBS, jejunostomy, ileostomy, and colostomy were present in 9, 40, and 3 infants, respectively. Fourteen (26.92%) infants achieved enteral autonomy transiently, and 7 (13.46%) sustained until reanastomosis. All 9 infants with jejunostomy were parenteral nutrition dependent, compared with 22 with ileostomy and none with colostomy (P = 0.002). Infants who achieved enteral autonomy showed lower incidence of cholestasis (P = 0.038) and better growth velocity (P = 0.02) prior to reanastomosis.ConclusionsA minority of LBW infants with SBS and ostomy achieved enteral autonomy prior to reanastomosis. Distal ostomy (ileostomy and colostomy), reduced cholestasis, and better growth were associated with achievement of enteral autonomy. Our report highlights the challenges in establishing enteral autonomy in LBW infants with IF and ostomy, and the feasibility of that approach in a minority of patients, with tangible benefits.
Alcohol use and the development of periodontal pockets: An 11‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Rajeswari , Saxlin Tuomas , Knuuttila Matti , Ylöstalo Pekka , Suominen Anna Liisa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigates whether alcohol use predicts the periodontal pocket development over an 11‐year follow‐up period.MethodsThe study participants’ periodontal condition was examined both in the Health 2000 and 2011 Surveys (BRIF8901). Participants were aged 30 to 65 years, dentate, periodontally healthy, and did not have diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis in 2000. Periodontal outcome measures in 2011 were the number of teeth with deepened (≥4 mm) periodontal pockets and the presence of deepened periodontal pockets. The exposure in 2000 was alcohol use (amount [g/week], frequency [any alcohol or different beverages]). Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using negative binomial regression model and Poisson regression model with a robust variance estimator.ResultsOverall, the amount of alcohol use or use over the risk limit in 2000 was inconsistently associated with the development of periodontal pockets (IRRs varied from 0.6 to 1.0). The frequency of alcohol use (any alcohol or different beverages) had an inconsistent association with the presence of periodontal pockets (IRRs varied from 0.5 to 1.2) while there was an inverse association with the number of teeth with periodontal pockets. Among smokers, there were no clear associations between any of the exposures and either of the outcomes. The same was found among non‐smokers except an inverse association was found between frequency of alcohol use and the number of teeth with periodontal pockets.ConclusionAlcohol use was not consistently associated with the periodontal pocket development over a period of 11 years.
Aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease: A review
Authors: Dominas Christine , Gadkaree Shekhar , Maxfield Alice Z. , Gray Stacey T. , Bergmark Regan W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesAspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by a triad of symptoms: asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, and a respiratory reaction to aspirin and other cyclooxygenase‐1 inhibitors, also known as nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. The objective of this review is to provide otolaryngologists with an overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this under‐recognized condition.Data sources and methodsFoundational papers on AERD were reviewed, focusing on the clinical otolaryngology and allergy/immunology literature and other high impact journals or trials.ResultsAERD results from increased production of pro‐inflammatory leukotrienes and a decrease in production of anti‐inflammatory prostaglandins associated with the dysregulation of multiple enzymes influencing eicosanoid metabolism. Diagnosis hinges on a high index of suspicion, careful history, and confirmatory testing for all three elements. Treatments include endoscopic sinus surgery; topical, inhaled, or oral corticosteroids; aspirin desensitization; leukotriene modifying drugs; and the new class of biologics such as dupilumab.ConclusionAERD is an under‐recognized disease associated with substantial patient‐reported morbidity. We expect rapid progress in the pathophysiological understanding of this disease and available treatments in the coming decades.Level of evidence5
Spin Angular Momentum Controlled Multifunctional All‐Dielectric Metasurface Doublet
Authors: Yu Lieguo , Fan Yubin , Wang Yujie , Zhang Chen , Yang Wenhong , Song Qinghai , Xiao Shumin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLenses are the most important components of portable and integrable optical systems. Due to the inherent limitation of system sizes, external accessories are required for realizing additional functions such as close‐up or telegraph imaging, making the entire system complicated and cumbersome. Herein, based on the developments of metalenses, a spin angular momentum controlled multifunctional camera system is reported. Two types of metalens with high efficiencies are designed and fabricated for circularly polarized and nonpolarized light, respectively. By combining them into a doublet, multiple functions are realized beyond a camera lens. For left‐handed circular polarization light, the doublet works as a compound microscope with a magnification factor of 20 and a resolution of 1.07 µm. The system switches to a Galileo telescope when the incident light turns to be right‐handed circularly polarized. This research shall extend and strengthen the practical applications of metasurfaces in portable imaging systems as well as the integrated sensing terminals.
Effects of exercise frequency on the gut microbiota in elderly individuals
Authors: Zhu Qiwei , Jiang Shangfei , Du Guankui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGrowing evidence has shown that exercise can affect the gut microbiota. The effects of exercise frequency on the gut microbiota in elderly individuals are still largely unknown. In the present study, samples from 897 elderly and 1,589 adult individuals (18–60 years old) from the American Gut Project were screened. Microbial diversity and composition were analyzed by QIIME2, and microbial function was predicted by PICRUSt2. The outcomes were further analyzed by STAMP. The analysis showed that the α‐diversity of gut microbiota increased with increasing age, and regular exercise reshaped the alterations in microbial composition and function induced by aging. Moreover, the α‐diversity of gut microbiota was higher in overweight elderly individuals than in normoweight elderly individuals, and regular exercise significantly affected the microbial composition and function in overweight elderly individuals. In conclusion, we revealed that regular exercise benefits elderly individuals, especially overweight elderly individuals, by modulating the gut microbiota.
A metamaterial‐based compact broadband planar monopole MIMO antenna with high isolation
Authors: Wang Chao , Yang Xue‐Song , Wang Bing‐Zhong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA miniaturized broadband planar monopole multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna is proposed for the 3.5 GHz frequency band of the Long‐Term Evolution Advanced application. Two novel broadband metamaterial split‐ring resonator units are used to reduce the mutual coupling of the MIMO antenna, also expanding the antenna impedance bandwidth. The size of the whole antenna is 47.5 mm × 40 mm × 1.6 mm (1.15λg × 0.97λg × 0.039λg) and the center distance between the two antenna elements is only 0.25λ0. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones. The measured 10‐dB impedance bandwidth is 3.35 to 3.78 GHz (12.3%), and the isolation is up to 15 dB within the bandwidth.
Lin28 gene and mammalian puberty
Authors: Cao Guiling , Gao Zeyang , Jiang Yunliang , Chu Mingxing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLin28a and Lin28b, homologs of the Caenorhabditis elegans Lin28 gene, play important roles in cell pluripotency, reprogramming, and tumorigenicity. Recently, genome‐wide association and transgenic studies showed that Lin28a and/or Lin28b gene were involved in the onset of mammalian puberty, the stage representing the attainment of reproduction capacity; however, the detailed mechanism of these genes in mammalian puberty remains largely unknown. The present paper reviews the research progress on the roles of Lin28a/b genes in the onset of mammalian puberty by analyzing the results coming from gene expression patterns, mutations, and transgenic studies, and put forward possible pathways for further studies on their roles in animal reproduction.