bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complexes of Light Lanthanides with 3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic Acid
Authors: Ferenc Wiesława , Walków-Dziewulska Agnieszka 
Published: July 2002

The complexes of light lanthanides with 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid, Ln(C9H9O4)3·4 H2O, where Ln = La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Eu(III) and Gd(III), have been synthesized as polycrystalline solids and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and magnetic studies and X-ray diffraction measurements. The complexes possess colours typical of Ln(III) ions (La, Ce, Eu, Gd white, Pr greenish, Nd violet and Sm cream). The carboxylate group in these complexes binds as a symmetrical, bidentate chelating ligand. On heating in air to 1 273 K the 3,4-dimethoxybenzoates of Ce(III), Pr(III), Sm(III), Eu(III) and Gd(III) first dehydrate to anhydrous salts that further decompose to oxides of the respective metals. The 3,4-dimethoxybenzoates of La(III) and Nd(III) decompose in three steps. Firstly, they dehydrate to anhydrous salts that further decompose to the oxides with the intermediate formation of oxycarbonates. The solubilities of the studied complexes in water at 293 K is in the order of 10-4-10-3 mol dm-3. Their magnetic moments were determined in the temperature range 77-298 K and found to obey the Curie-Weiss law. The values of μeff calculated for the all compounds (except that for Eu) are close to those obtained for Ln(III) by Hund and van Vleck. The results show that there is no influence of the ligand field on 4f electrons of the lanthanide ions in these polycrystalline compounds; 4f electrons probably do not participate in the formation of the Ln-O bonds.
Potentiometric Study of Carbisocaine Micellization and Inclusion Complexation with α-Cyclodextrin, β-Cyclodextrin, Methyl-β-cyclodextrin, and (Hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Kopecký František , Vojteková Mária , Vrana Miloš , Čížová Katarína 
Published: July 2002

Micellization of the local anesthetic drug carbisocaine hydrochloride (BHCl) was studied by potentiometry with both cation- and anion-selective membrane electrodes in aqueous solution at 25 °C. The found critical micelle concentration 0.022 mol dm-3 and the concentration course of the free carbisocaine cation and chloride counterion in the micellar solution corresponded to the characteristic of cationic surfactants. In a more dilute aqueous solution, below critical micelle concentration, the complexation of carbisocaine cation BH+ with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and its random substituted methyl (M-β-CD) and hydroxypropyl (HP-β-CD) derivatives was followed using the prepared cation-selective electrodes. The potentiometric data corroborated formation of the carbisocaine-cyclodextrin complexes (BH+)CD (1 : 1) with all the cyclodextrins and the respective complexation constants K11 were estimated using a modified Scatchard method. Slight deviations from 1 : 1 plots were marginally observed with α-CD and HP-β-CD. Bigger K11 value of the complexation with α-CD in comparison with β-CD indicated inclusion of the carbisocaine C7 alkyl chain into the cyclodextrin cavity and the role of the hydrophobic interaction in complexation with β-CDs was emphasized by the increasing magnitude of K11 in the order of HP-β-CD < β-CD < M-β-CD.
Efficacy and safety of nitrous oxide in alleviating pain and anxiety during painful procedures
Authors: Kanagasundaram S A , Lane L J , Cavalletto B P , Keneally J P , Cooper M G 
Published: July 2002

AIMSTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of nitrous oxide for children undergoing painful procedures.METHODSNinety children requiring repeated painful procedures (lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspirate, venous cannulation, or dressing changes) were given nitrous oxide at a variable concentration of 50–70%. Procedure related distress was evaluated using the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress–Revised (OSBD-R). OSBD-R scores were obtained for each of the following phases of the procedure: phase 1a, waiting period; phase lb, during induction with nitrous oxide; phase 2, during positioning and cleaning of the skin; phase 3, during the painful procedure; and phase 4, immediately following the procedure and withdrawal of nitrous oxide. Side effects were monitored and recorded by a second observer.RESULTSOSBD scores reached a maximum during the induction phase with lower scores during subsequent phases. Children over the age of 6 showed a lower level of distress during nitrous oxide administration and the painful procedure. Eighty six per cent of patients had no side effects. The incidence of vomiting, excitement, and dysphoria was 7.8%, 4.4%, and 2% respectively. Eight patients developed oxygen desaturation (Sao2< 95%), but none developed hypoxia, airway obstruction, or aspiration. Ninety three per cent of patients fulfilled the criteria for conscious sedation, and 65% had no recollection of the procedure. Mean recovery time was three minutes.CONCLUSIONSInhalation of nitrous oxide is effective in alleviating distress during painful procedures, with minimal side effects and short recovery time.
Non-invasive quantitative assessment of oxidative metabolism in quadriceps muscles by near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Ding H , Wang G , Lei W , Wang R , Huang L , Xia Q , Wu J 
Published: July 2002

Background—Near infrared spectroscopy can be used in non-invasive monitoring of changes in skeletal muscle oxygenation in exercising subjects.Objective—To evaluate whether this method can be used to assess metabolic capacity of muscles. Two distinctive variables abstracted from a curve of changes in muscle oxygenation were assessed.Methods—Exercise on a cycle ergometer was performed by 18 elite male athletes and eight healthy young men. A measuring probe was placed on the skin of the quadriceps muscle to measure reflected light at two wavelengths (760 and 850 nm), so that the relative index of muscle oxygenation could be calculated. Exercise intensity was increased from 50 W in 50 W increments until the subject was exhausted. During exercise, changes in muscle oxygenation and blood lactate concentration were recorded. The following two variables for assessment of muscle oxygenation were then abstracted and analysed by plotting curves of changes in muscle oxygenation: the rate of recovery of muscle oxygen saturation (RR) and the relative value of the effective decrease in muscle oxygenation (Deff).Results—Data analysis showed a correlation between muscle oxygenation and blood lactate concentration at the various exercise intensities and verified the feasibility of the experiment. Data for the athletes were compared with those for the controls using the Aspin-Welch test of significance;t= 2.3 and 2.86 for RRand Deffrespectively. There were significant differences (p = 0.05) between the athletes and the control group with respect to these two variables.Conclusion—RRand Deffmay be distinctive variables that can be used to characterise muscle oxidative metabolism during human body movement.
SOX10is abnormally expressed in aganglionic bowel of Hirschsprung's disease infants
Authors: Sham M H , Lui V C H , Fu M , Chen B , Tam P K H 
Published: July 2002

BACKGROUNDThe primary pathology of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a congenital absence of ganglion cells in the caudal most gut. The spastic aganglionic bowel is often innervated by a network of hypertrophied nerve fibres. Recently, mutations ofSOX10have been identified in patients with HD but only in those with Waardenburg-Shah syndrome.AIMSTo understand the molecular basis for the pathogenesis of HD we intended to determine the specific cell lineages in the enteric nervous system which normally expressSOX10but are affected in disease conditions.METHODSWe studied colon biopsies from 10 non-syndromic HD patients, aged three months to four years, and 10 age matched patients without HD as normal controls. The absence of mutation in theSOX10gene of HD patients was confirmed by DNA sequencing. Expression and cellular distribution ofSOX10in bowel segments of normal and HD infants were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridisation.RESULTSWe found that in normal infants and normoganglionic bowel segments of HD patients,SOX10was expressed in both neurones and glia of the enteric plexuses and in the nerves among the musculature in normal colon. In the aganglionic bowel segments of patients,SOX10expression was consistently lower and was found to be associated with the hypertrophic nerve trunks in the muscle and extrinsic nerves in the serosa.CONCLUSIONWe conclude thatSOX10is normally required postnatally in the functional maintenance of the entire enteric nervous system, including neurones and glia. In non-syndromic HD patients who do not have theSOX10mutation, theSOX10gene expressed in the sacral region may be involved in the pathogenesis of the abnormal nerve trunks through interaction with other factors.
Completeness of excision and follow up cytology in patients treated with loop excision biopsy
Authors: Zaitoun A M , McKee G , Coppen M J , Thomas S M , Wilson P O G 
Published: July 2002

Aims—To assess the relation between the grade and the status of follow up cytology, the completeness of loop excision biopsies with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and the findings at follow up cytology, as well as the differences between complete and incomplete exclusion, using the odds ratio. Treatment failure was assessed.Methods—1600 women with CIN (290 CIN1, 304 CIN2, 1006 CIN3) were followed for a minimum of six months and a maximum of 10 years. A database was created and comparisons performed. The mean age of the patients was 37 years.Results—Excision was complete in over 84% of loops. Residual disease and recurrence of high grade dyskaryosis was more common in women with CIN 3 than CIN 2 or 1. No high grade dyskaryosis was seen in the fifth follow up smear in patients with CIN 1 and CIN 2. Residual, recurrent, and persistent disease was most common in patients with incompletely excised CIN at ectocervical and endocervical margins and deep margins of resection than in patients with completely excised CIN. The odds ratios were significantly higher in the women who had incomplete excision of CIN at ectocervical, endocervical, both ecto- and endocervical, and deep margins of resection compared with those with apparent complete excision of CIN lesions. One patient developed invasive squamous cell carcinoma 44 months after loop excision which showed CIN 3 invading endocervical crypts and extending to both ectocervical and endocervical margins of resection.Conclusions—At long term follow up, patients with CIN who have residual disease are at increased risk of persistent disease and should therefore be followed up regularly with cytology and colposcopy. The findings support national policy of returning women with treated CIN of any grade to normal recall after five years except for cases of CIN3 where excision was incomplete or equivocal. In these cases follow up with annual smear for 10 years is recommended.
Comparison of in house polymerase chain reaction with conventional techniques for the detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosisDNA in granulomatous lymphadenopathy
Authors: Singh Krishna K , Muralidhar M , Kumar Arvind , Chattopadhyaya T K , Kapila Kusum , Singh Manoj K , Sharma S K , Jain N K , Tyagi Jaya S 
Published: July 2002

Aims—To evaluate the usefulness of the devR based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosisin lymph node aspirates and tissues of lymphadenitis and to compare PCR with conventional diagnostic techniques.Subjects and methods—Coded specimens of fine needle aspirates and biopsies from 22 patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis, 14 patients with non-tubercular lymphadenitis, and nine patients with granulomatous lymphadenitis were processed and subjected to analysis by PCR, smear microscopy,M tuberculosisculture, histology, and cytology.Results—Tuberculous lymphadenitis was correctly diagnosed by PCR in 18 patients, by culture in five patients, by histology in 13 patients, and by cytology in seven patients. PCR gave two false positive results in 14 patients with non-tubercular lymphadenitis. The sensitivity of the conventional techniques was significantly higher with biopsies (17 of 22 specimens; 77%) than with fine needle aspirates (nine of 22 specimens; 41%). However, the sensitivity of PCR was not significantly higher with biopsies (68%) in comparison with fine needle aspirates (55%). The sensitivity of either biopsy PCR or fine needle aspirate PCR was not significantly different from that of either histology combined with culture or cytology combined with culture. The overall combined specificity of PCR was 86%.Mycobacterium tuberculosisDNA was detected in six of nine patients with granulomatous lymphadenitis.Conclusion—PCR is the most sensitive single technique available to date for the demonstration ofM tuberculosisin specimens derived from patients with a clinical suspicion of tuberculous lymphadenitis. The value of PCR lies in its use as an adjunct test in the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis, particularly in those patients where conventional methods fail. Because fine needle aspiration is not an invasive procedure, it is the procedure of choice, and PCR should be performed initially on these samples. Excisional biopsy histology and PCR should be recommended only for patients in whom fine needle aspirate PCR is negative or when there is discrepancy with the clinical impression.
Risk of enzyme allergy in the detergent industry
Authors: Vanhanen Markku , Tuomi Timo , Tiikkainen Ulla , Tupasela Outi , Voutilainen Risto , Nordman Henrik 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVESTo assess the prevalence of enzyme sensitisation in the detergent industry.METHODSA cross sectional study was conducted in a detergent factory. Sensitisation to enzymes was examined by skin prick and radioallergosorbent (RAST) tests. 76 Workers were tested; 40 in manufacturing, packing, and maintenance, and 36 non-exposed people in management and sales departments. The workers were interviewed for work related respiratory and skin symptoms. Total dust concentrations were measured by a gravimetric method, and the concentration of protease in air by a catalytic method.RESULTSNine workers (22%) were sensitised to enzymes in the exposed group of 40, whereas none were sensitised in the non-exposed group. All the sensitised people had symptoms at work; all had rhinitis and one had asthma.Protease concentrations were generally <20 ng/m3, but occasional peak values up to 80 ng/m3were detected in the packing and maintenance tasks, and high values of >1 μg/m3in the mixing area.CONCLUSIONDespite the use of encapsulated enzyme preparations, high enzyme concentrations in workplace air are possible, resulting in a higher risk of sensitisation than expected.
Neurovascular lessons from a pair of identical twins with cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Sharma P , Brown M J 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A pair of hypertensive identical twins are reported, one of whom was non-compliant with her antihypertension medication, and after a subarachnoid haemorrhage was found to have multiple cerebral aneurysms. The other asymptomatic compliant twin was noted to have only a single small cerebral aneurysm. As both identical twins are likely to share the same cerebral vascular architecture it is suggested that good control of blood pressure contributed to the cerebral vascular integrity of the asymptomatic twin. This is the first report on the role of blood pressure in the formation of cerebral aneurysms and provides insights for an alternative approach to the controversial management of asymptomatic cerebral aneurysms.
Use of non-heart-beating donors in renal transplantation
Authors: Kimber R M , Metcalfe M S , White S A , Nicholson M L 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe rate of renal transplantation has plateaued and is now limited by the number of donor organs available. In the past all donor kidneys came from living donors or controlled non-heart beating donors. It was not until the introduction of brainstem death criteria that cadaveric heart beating donors became the main source. Recently, there has been renewed interest in non-heart beating donors, who have already suffered cardiorespiratory arrest. Kidneys from these donors have a unique set of problems associated with increased duration of warm ischaemia. To minimise this, the kidneys are cooled in situ using an intra-aortic balloon catheter and are perfused with cold hyperosmolar citrate. Retrieval can then proceed in the normal fashion. Despite a higher level of delayed graft function, the results from non-heart beating renal transplantation are good, with long term function comparable to cadaveric organs. If used safely, they enable significant expansion of the donor pool. Techniques in the future, such as machine perfusion preservation, may further improve the results from non-heart beating programmes.
Prognosis of Japanese encephalitis patients with dystonia compared to those with parkinsonian features only
Authors: Misra U K , Kalita J 
Published: July 2002

Abstract

Objectives
A number of movement disorders have been reported in Japanese encephalitis (JE). The prognostic significance of these movement disorders, however, has not been evaluated. The present study reports the prognostic significance of parkinsonian features and dystonia in JE.

Patients and methods
During 1992 and 1998, 50 JE patients were managed; 35 of them developed movement disorders (the study group). The diagnosis of JE was based on clinical, radiological, and serological criteria. Parkinsonian features were rated by the unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale and dystonia by the dystonia rating scale. The patients with parkinsonian features only were classified into group I and those with additional dystonia or dyskinesia into group II. The outcome was defined at the end of three months into poor, partial, and complete recovery depending on how the patients coped with daily living activities.

Results
The patients’ ages ranged from 2 to 64 years and 11 were females. The admission mean Glasgow coma scale score was 6.9 (range 4–13). The movement disorders were noted after 1–4 weeks of ictus. There were 16 patients in group I and 19 in group II. The parkinsonian features were more pronounced in group II than in group I. At three months of follow up, fewer patients had parkinsonian features in group I than group II. Hypophonia, however, persisted in 12 patients in group I and 16 in group II until the three month follow up. In group II, the mean dystonia score was 3.2 which regressed to 1.8 at three months. Tremor was present in five patients in groups I and eight in group II. Cranial computed tomography was abnormal in six and magnetic resonance imaging abnormal in 15 patients in group I and in nine and 12 patients respectively in group II. The thalamus was most frequently involved (11 patients in each group), basal ganglia (four in group I and six in group II), and midbrain (six in group I and one in group II). Group II patients had poorer recovery compared with group I. In group I, at the end of three months functional recovery was complete in 10, partial in two, and poor in three patients. In group II, four patients had complete, seven partial, and eight poor recovery.

Conclusion
JE results in a transient form of parkinsonian syndrome, which is associated with a lower frequency of tremor and prominent hypophonia. The presence of dystonia suggests more severe illness and poorer prognosis.
Stroke care: how do we measure quality?
Authors: Walsh K , Gompertz P H , Rudd A G 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to review the methods used to measure quality of stroke care. Relevant articles were searched for on Medline using the following key words: stroke, quality, outcome of care, process of care, structure of care. Articles that examined how to measure the quality of stroke care and that examined difficulties in the measurement of care outcomes, processes, and structures were selected. Selected articles were reviewed to summarise methods used to measure quality of stroke care and the primary outcome measures of the studies were extracted. Conclusions were drawn about the best ways to measure the quality of stroke care. Practical problems in using outcome measures to monitor quality of care include the consequences of case mix and difficulties in risk adjustment. Clinicians may use process measures to understand differences in outcome. Once a process of care has been linked to an outcome measure, this care process should be measured. The national sentinel audit for stroke is an audit tool used to examine the quality of the processes of stroke care.
Variable use of endoscopic haemostasis in the management of bleeding peptic ulcers
Authors: Mahadeva S , Linch M , Hull M 
Published: July 2002

Abstract

Background
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that endoscopic haemostasis is beneficial for patients with a bleeding peptic ulcer. The relevance of such data to management outside of RCTs is unclear. Therefore we examined management of patients with a bleeding peptic ulcer in a UK teaching hospital.

Methods
All patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy for bleeding peptic ulcer between 1997 and 1999 were identified from an endoscopy database and the clinical records reviewed retrospectively.

Results
A total of 872 patients underwent UGI endoscopy for presumed acute UGI haemorrhage; 179 (21%) had an endoscopic diagnosis of bleeding peptic ulcer. Seventy nine patients had a peptic ulcer with stigmata of recent haemorrhage (SRH) but only 61 (77%) of these patients received endoscopic haemostasis (77% adrenaline, 23% combination therapy). Re-bleeding occurred in 24 patients with SRH in whom transfusion requirement was the sole predictor of re-bleeding. The re-bleeding rate among patients who received adrenaline was 25% (n=12), compared with 57% (n=8) in the combination group and 31% (n=4) in those who did not receive endoscopic haemostasis. Patients who received combination endoscopic haemostasis had an increased incidence of active bleeding (p=0.007) and an increased transfusion requirement (p=0.002). Eleven of 20 patients who re-bled had repeat endoscopic haemostasis, with 45% eventually requiring surgery.

Conclusions
Results of endoscopic management of bleeding peptic ulcers in the unit studied differ markedly from those published by specialised centres. The data reported here suggest that increased standardisation of endoscopic haemostasis is required, especially in units with provision for emergency “out-of-hours” endoscopy, performed by several individuals of different grades.
Dimorphism and perturbed growth kinetics of cadmium sulfide thin films in a chemical working solution
Authors: Zehe A , Ramírez A , Vázquez J 
Published: July 2002

Thin films of numerous compound semiconductors, which crystallize in a (cubic) sphalerite structure, often display an alternative allotropic form as (hexagonal) wurtzite. The relative proportion of each depends in a characteristic manner on the growth conditions chosen. We applied an external magnetic flux during the growth of cadmium sulfide thin films from a chemical working solution, where the CdS molecules or small clusters are formed by a controlled reaction in an aqueous solution. The incorporation mechanism of such neutral particles into the polycrystalline CdS thin film is supposed to happen in a transition layer via a dissociation into charged constituents close to the growing interface. We found a clear effect of the external magnetic field on the film morphology, when the Lorentz force was acting parallel to the surface plane of the layer. Band-gap energy data from optical absorption measurements suggest dimorphism of the grown films, where the field application turns the commonly cubic crystal modification (Eg = 2.38 eV) into a hexagonal polytype with a 200 meV larger energy gap. PACS Nos.: 81.05Dz, 81.15Lm, 81.15Aa, 81.70Fy, 82.65My, 82.80Ch, 82.80Ej