bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ‘Religious Realm’ (ta theia) in the Eastern Mediterranean Cities
Authors: Belayche Nicole 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses the many ways in which the civic institutions in the cities of the eastern Mediterranean (limited here to Anatolia and the Levant) organized their relationships with their gods during the Imperial period. Religious matters were an integral part of the collective conception of the local power (political and social); even the infra- and non-civic groups were framed largely by the structure of the religion of the polis. Emphasis is put on organization (‘polis religion’), collective practices (civic rituals), social settings (the elites’ role as cult officials), and their visibility in the civic territory and religious ‘landscapes’ (through buildings, urban settings, or urban rituals). The last section discusses the changes Roman rule, and especially the establishment of the imperial cult, provoked in the religious lives of the Greek cities. In the conclusion, the limitations of the polis religion-concept for encompassing all religious realities in the poleis are highlighted.
Athens
Authors: Muñiz-Grijalvo Elena 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Athens was often the recipient of the beneficence of emperors and imperial elites. The city’s openness to the outside world and influence on cultural trends during the Imperial period go a long way to explaining historical developments in Athens. Furthermore, the city appeared in a variety of guises in Greek and Roman ideological constructions, which used Athens as if it were a ‘vacant sign’. This chapter first analyses the basis of Athenian exceptionality and the means by which this city contributed to the ideological construction of empire. The chapter then examines the main urban development projects that transformed Athens’ appearance, especially under Augustus and Hadrian, and concludes by summarizing the internal political changes that were often a consequence of Athens’ insertion into the imperial framework, including the redefinition of democracy. Ironically, Athens’ exceptionality eventually placed it on a par in some respects with many other cities in the Roman Mediterranean.
The Cyclades
Authors: Le Quéré Enora 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite their small size and their remoteness from the major Greek cities of the Roman Empire, this chapter argues that the Cycladic islands were fully integrated into the various historical developments affecting the eastern provinces. Notwithstanding the overall permanence of traditional institutional procedures, it highlights the progressive ‘oligarchization’ and increased hierarchization of these island societies. Most of the important responsibilities of the cities were monopolized by a few elite families, who also acted as the main civic benefactors. Nevertheless, some characteristics specific to the local insular environment and the smallness of the communities are underlined. The gradual scarcity of male citizens able to assume civic expenses, as well as the promotion of others at a provincial level, resulted in increased participation of women and foreigners in the Cycladic civic life. Finally, this chapter discusses how the isolation of the Cyclades from the major political centres also affected their cultural life.
Thasos
Authors: Fournier Julien 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
For the Roman Imperial period, the city of Thasos offers rich and varied epigraphic evidence. It allows us to follow the stages of the city’s integration into the empire: the first contacts with Rome after the Second Macedonian War, the probable establishment of an alliance treaty after the Mithridatic War, the formation of the imperial cult during the Augustan period, and the relations with the governors of Thrace from the reign of the emperor Claudius. The inscriptions also make it possible to follow institutional continuities and evolutions. While the main civic magistracies endure, the balance between the assembly and the council changes in favour of the latter, which becomes the main civic decision-making body. This evolution reflects the evolution of society: ordinary citizens are increasingly dependent on the generosity of a narrow group of notables, who accumulate the main civic offices and priesthoods and sit in the council.
The Cities of Caria
Authors: Delrieux Fabrice 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The region of Caria in south-west Asia Minor was part of the province of Asia during the first three centuries of the Roman Empire. It is presented in this chapter in three sections. After a brief description of the region and its inhabitants, the chapter first investigates how the cities of Caria were conquered by Rome at the end of the Republic and how the winner, through conquest and civil war, shaped the civic landscape of the region for a long time to come. The chapter then looks at how these cities functioned under the imperium Romanum, and in particular at the different ways in which the local populations demonstrated their attachment to Rome. Finally, the chapter analyses how the cities of Caria preserved distinctive regional features in an area dominated by a foreign (Greek) culture and (Roman) power.
Introduction
Authors: Hallmannsecker Martin , Heller Anna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This introduction starts with a brief review of the previous scholarship on the Imperial-era poleis, which has been rather neglected until recently due to a stronger focus on the Archaic and Classical periods of Greek history, on the one hand, and on Roman institutions and (military) history, on the other. The introduction then provides an overview of the chapters of the handbook, which is organized in six sections: Sources and Methods; Civic Institutions; Local Politics; Civic Societies; Religion and Culture; Cities and Regions. The introduction is rounded off by a summary of the crucial historical issues and scholarly debates reflected therein, including identity, Greekness, Romanization, oligarchization, and the more general changes in the Greek cities brought about by their integration into the Roman Empire.
Before ‘Agro-pastoralism’? A Review of Early and Middle Holocene Human Settlement of the Western Himalaya-Hindu Kush and Pamir-Alay Ranges
Authors: Spate Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Archaeological, botanical, and faunal data from across the Inner Asian Mountains have revealed a range of agricultural and pastoral adaptations to environments previously perceived as marginal zones, possibly dating as early as 5000 years BP. Less understood is the period between the beginning of the Holocene and the development of agro-pastoralism in the region. This chapter reviews the available archaeological data from the mountainous areas of Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northern India and considers patterns of human adaptation across the region. The implications of these data in relation to the long-term development of social-ecological systems are described, and potential areas for future research are discussed.
The Dravidian Languages
Authors: Kolichala Suresh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of Dravidian languages, primarily spoken by millions of people in South Asia. The four major literary languages within the Dravidian language family are Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, and Telugu, the official languages of five southern states in India. The chapter examines the pioneering studies in historical and comparative linguistics in correlation with findings from archaeology, computational linguistics, and population genetics. The origins of the Dravidian languages and people are shrouded in mystery, but evidence from recent population genetic research, archaeology and computational linguistic studies has unearthed observations of the geographical spread of the languages. The chapter also discusses the phonology and phonotactics of Proto-Dravidian languages alongside the morphology and syntax of Dravidian languages.
Authoritarian Regimes in Central America
Authors: Lehoucq Fabrice 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This brief chapter sketches the development of three types of electoral authoritarianism in Central America since 1900. If oligarchic regimes were the least common, personalist dictatorships were the most common, followed by military-dominated electoral autocracies. Each was the outcome of a struggle for control over the executive; electoral autocracies persisted because oligarchs and officers, being small in number, swiftly organized to keep regimes closed. Despite the existence of widespread suffrage rights, controlled or less than competitive elections allowed governments to favor a reactionary coalition of agro-exporters and military officers. Civil war ended dictatorship by the last decades of the twentieth century. Even if transitions led to competitive elections, new regimes have not discarded authoritarian practices and devices. Public disenchantment with the meager results of uneven democratization has catalyzed democratic backsliding. Several presidents have dismantled democratic checks and balances to refashion the personalism of the past.
Digital Constitutionalism in Asia
Authors: Miyashita Hiroshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Digital constitutionalism in Asia varies due to diverse cultural backgrounds. While this chapter provides non-Western approach towards digital constitutionalism, recent Asian policy documents regarding artificial intelligence converged in the human-centric notion of law in the EU and the US. Some Asian constitutional systems face the challenges of redefining the power balance among the government, the digital platforms, and an individual without prior experience in the dynamics of modern state–individual relationships. The socialist constitutionalism of China has its own unique systems such as online censorship, social score systems, and data localization, which led to a dilution of its digital authoritarianism by the constitutional influence by the Western countries. Most Asian constitutional practices generally lie between the strong free speech tradition in the US and stringent data protection in the EU. This chapter covers the freedom of expression, data privacy, and data transfer in the digital arena from diverse Asian perspectives and describes how Western constitutional practices shape Asian constitutional norms in the digital era.
Paying It Forward
Authors: Simmons Staci A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As nurses experience higher work demands, finding the time and resources to complete continuing education activities can be challenging. In this innovative activity, baccalaureate nursing students offered a potential solution by developing educational posters for their clinical partners. Bridging theory and practice, this approach enhanced relationships between students and bedside nurses, promoted collaborative learning, and fostered knowledge exchange within the clinical setting. The result was mutually beneficial; professional nurses acquired valuable continuing education credits while students gained knowledge and experience.
Guiding Graduate Student Recognition of Implicit Bias Using Interactive Simulation
Authors: Hemphill Jean Croce 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Assisting graduate nursing students to recognize implicit bias and racism is imperative when providing health care with culturally diverse groups. The article describes an interactive simulation between graduate students and a standardized patient designed to raise awareness of implicit bias and racism. Students in the Doctor of Nursing Practice and PhD programs participated in interviews with a standardized patient; in team interactions; in content analysis of simulated communications; and in reflection, debriefing, and evaluation sessions. Self-awareness education may help reduce health disparities within disparate racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, or undocumented peoples.
Measuring Scholarly Practice in Respiratory Therapists: The Development and Initial Validation of a Scholarly Practice Tool
Authors: Zaccagnini Marco , Bussières André , Nugus Peter , West Andrew , Thomas Aliki 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Respiratory therapists (RTs) must apply competencies to address the health care needs of the public. Although all competencies are deemed essential, scholarly practice requires that professionals critically assess their practices, integrate evidence-based literature, and enhance the care they deliver to patients. Though scholarly practice is also associated with professional empowerment, role satisfaction, and improved patient care, it is rarely measured. The purpose of this study was to develop, pilot, and generate preliminary validity evidence of a tool designed to measure scholarly practice among RTs.

Methods:
We used DeVellis' nine-step scale development process and exploratory factor analysis to develop the tool. The results of a scoping review and qualitative study were used to generate an item pool and pilot test it with 81 RTs across Canada. The refined tool was tested on a larger sample (n = 832) and analyzed using exploratory factor analysis.

Results:
Using principal axis factoring with Promax rotation, we retained 18 items across 4 factors, explaining 56.7% of the variance in the data (31.7%, 10.2%, 8.6%, 6.2%): (Factor 1) professional development and credibility, (Factor 2) elements supporting scholarly practice, (Factor 3) the perceived impact of scholarly activities on practice, and (Factor 4) scholarly practitioner identity and ability. Internal consistency of the final 18-item scale was suitable overall (Cronbach alpha = 0.879) and for each factor (F1 = 0.888; F2 = 0.774; F3 = 0.842; F4 = 0.746).

Discussion:
Our results provide preliminary evidence for a scholarly practice tool that can encourage self-reflection and/or foster peer-based reflection. Using the tool with other health care professionals and conducting confirmatory factor analysis could generate additional validity evidence.
Simulation-Based Learning About Care of People With Disabilities
Authors: Carman Luke , Lim Fidelindo 
Published: December 2024

Background:
An estimated 44.1 million US citizens are living with disabilities. People with disabilities are at higher risk for health problems, affecting their overall quality of life and care experience. Simulation-based learning (SBL) enables students to apply cognitive, affective, and psychomotor competencies through simulated experiential activities in realistic environments. Research is limited on the integration of disability into SBL nursing education.

Aim:
To appraise and synthesize extant literature on the integration of disability in SBL in prelicensure nursing programs.

Methods:
This review identified and synthesized 18 research articles describing the implementation of disability SBL in prelicensure nursing programs.

Results:
Four themes were identified substantiating the importance of integrating disability into SBL: knowledge and understanding, communication confidence, empathy, and enlightened attitudes.

Conclusions:
Disability SBL strategies are integral to achieving learning outcomes related to patient-centered care. Large well-designed studies are needed to measure its effectiveness.
Cumulative HIV viral load and lower CD4 cell count are associated with incident venous thromboembolism in people with HIV
Authors: Ruderman Stephanie A. , Nance Robin M. , Crane Heidi M. , Cachay Edward , Kitahata Mari M. , Napravnik Sonia , Whitney Bridget M. , Heckbert Susan R. , Attia Engi F. , Longenecker Chris T. , Hoffmann Alexander P. , Budoff Matthew J. , Ma Jimmy , Christopoulos Katerina , Hunt Peter W. , Moore Richard D. , Keruly Jeanne C. , Burkholder Greer , Bamford Laura , Willig Amanda L. , Chander Geetanjali , Saag Michael S. , Drumright Lydia N. , Feinstein Matthew J. , Crothers Kristina , Delaney Joseph AC. 
Published: December 2024

Background:
People with HIV (PWH) have benefited greatly from antiretroviral therapy, but face additional challenges from age-related comorbid conditions, particularly cardiovascular disease including venous thromboembolism (VTE). Little is known about the effect of HIV viremia and immunodeficiency on VTE risk in this population.

Methods:
We assessed incident, centrally adjudicated VTE among 21,507 PWH in care between 1/2009–12/2019 within the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) cohort. We examined the association of three measures of HIV viral load (VL: baseline, current, cumulative) and current CD4 count with VTE. Cumulative VL (copy-days of viremia) was estimated with a time-weighted sum using the trapezoidal rule. We modeled the association between VL and VTE using Cox proportional hazards models (marginal structural Cox models for cumulative), adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics. We compared the 75th percentile of the VL distribution with the 25th percentile using the hazard function from the model for all PWH with a VTE and those with a pulmonary embolism (PE).

Results:
During a median of 4.8 years of follow-up, 424 PWH developed VTE. In adjusted analyses, higher cumulative VL (75th percentile vs. 25th percentile), the strongest VL predictor, was associated with a 1.45-fold higher risk of VTE (95%CI:1.22–1.72). Low CD4 cell count <100 cells/mm3 was associated with higher VTE risk (HR: 4.03, 95%CI: 2.76–5.89) as compared to ≥500 cells/mm3. Findings were similar for PWH who had a pulmonary embolism (n = 189).

Conclusions:
Reducing HIV VL and maintaining CD4 cell count may help mitigate VTE risk in PWH.
Employing Simulated Participants to Develop Communication Skills in Medical Education
Authors: Linder Ute , Hartmann Lilly , Schatz Monika , Hetjens Svetlana , Pechlivanidou Ioanna , Kaden Jens J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Summary Statement
Simulated participants (SPs) are often employed to teach communication skills in medical education. Although there is a large number of qualitative and/or noncomparative studies in this field, there is no current evidence for the effectiveness of this teaching method based on quantitative comparative meta-data. The aim of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of SP-based teaching on patient-centered communication skills in medical education compared with traditional teaching formats such as lecture or peer role play focusing on quantitative and comparative data. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ERIC databases for relevant studies published through February 2023. We also conducted hand searches and ancestry searches. Of the 8523 publications identified, 21 studies with 2500 participants and a Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument score of 13.7 (SD = 1.3, N = 21) were included in the synthesis. Ten studies were eligible for meta-analysis. The pooled effect for communication skills outcomes suggests a medium effect preferring SP-based teaching to traditional teaching formats (standardized mean difference = 0.74, 95% confidence interval = 0.37 to 1.11, I
2 = 95%, n = 2061). The heterogeneity is high among the analyzed studies. Further analysis reveals great differences among the studies' characteristics (population, objectives, interventions, control group settings, and outcome measurements).
The Impact of Memory and Stress on Choice Consistency
Authors: Xin Fei , Lai Jialuo , Guo Manru , Chen Qingfei , Wu Jianhui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChoice consistency is a fundamental aspect of rational decision-making, reflecting the stability and reliability of an individual’s preferences. However, real-world decision-making often deviates from this ideal, as individuals frequently make irrational or inconsistent choices in value-based decision-making. This study combined computational modeling, neuroimaging, and behavioral assessments to elucidate the mechanisms by which stress and memory affect choice consistency. Remembered items exhibited higher choice consistency compared to forgotten items. Computational modeling further indicated that the drift rate was higher, and the decision threshold lower, for remembered food items compared to forgotten ones. Stress was found to impair both choice consistency and memory retrieval, with stress-induced declines in memory accuracy positively correlating with reductions in choice reaction times. Activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during the pre-choice anticipation period was positively associated with choice consistency. Similarly, activation of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) during the memory retrieval of food stimuli correlated with improved memory accuracy. These findings suggest that stress may impair choice consistency by disrupting memory retrieval processes. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the role of stress and memory in decision-making, offering a more nuanced understanding of the neural and cognitive processes that govern choice behavior.
Post‐COVID‐19 inflammation and sarcopenia in obese diabetic dialysis patients
Authors: de Oliveira Carlos Alexandre Ferreira , Amaral Livia Maria Borges , Micheleto José Pedro Cassemiro , Melo Karin Araujo , de Medeiros Rijo Mateus , Lira Pedro Gustavo Barbosa , de Oliveira Barreto Emiliano , da Silva Juliane Pereira , Caetano Antônio Filipe Pereira , de Farias Santos Juliana Célia , Oliveira Michelle Jacintha Cavalcante 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionDiabetes, obesity, and CKD collectively impact musculoskeletal health and increase the risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 32 dialysis patients, categorized based on their COVID‐19 status. Laboratory assessments included inflammatory markers (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α). Sarcopenia risk was evaluated using the strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls (SARC‐F) questionnaire, bioimpedance analysis, and static muscle strength testing.ResultsNo significant differences were observed between groups in laboratory values, sarcopenia risk, or inflammatory markers. Body composition, SARC‐F scores, and static muscle strength were comparable across both groups, except for elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in Group A (p = 0.008).ConclusionThe lack of association between the inflammatory response and sarcopenia risk may be attributed to the existing inflammatory status of this population, given the coexistence of diabetes, CKD, and obesity. Notably, all studied laboratory variables showed no significant differences, except for the higher PTH levels.
Minaeans at Ḥimā: The Epigraphic Corpus and Its Historical, Linguistic and Cultural Implications
Authors: Prioletta Alessia , Arbach Mounir 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explores over 150 inscriptions and graffiti left by Minaean traders in Ḥimā, a key stopover on the trans‐Arabian caravan route. The inscriptions provide valuable data on Minaean onomastics, revealing the use of individual names and lineage indicators. They also suggest varying levels of literacy and linguistic adaptation among the authors, who used writing closely mirroring their spoken language, distinct from formal urban inscriptions. The study addresses the authors' literacy and social status, indicating the presence of notable individuals with higher ranks or specific roles within the trading caravans. It situates the inscriptions within the broader context of ancient trade routes and cultural interactions in the Arabian Peninsula, emphasizing the integration of Minaean families across different regions and the significant role of trade in their social organization.