bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetohydrodynamic squeeze film characteristics of micropolar fluids with piezo-viscous dependency between wide parallel rectangular plates
Authors: Sheela Shivshanker , Arunkumar R. , Hanumagowda B. N. , Sreekala C. K. , Tawade Jagadish V. , Batool Nadia , Ibrahim Talib K. , Abduvalieva Dilsora , Gupta Manish 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The study introduces a novel approach to squeeze film behavior by combining Micropolar fluid, its piezo-viscous dependency, and MHD effects on wide parallel rectangular plates. The Reynolds equation is developed analyticaly by utilising the principles of hydromagnetic flow, Eringen’s microcontinuum theory, the micropolar fluid model and the influence of variable viscosity.The current study seeks to maximize the bearing performance by scrutinizing the pressure, load carrying capacity, and squeezing time. The influence of Hartmann number M, coupling number N, fluid gap interacting number L, and Piezo-Viscous Dependency parameter G are numerically calculated and depicted graphically. Notably, the pressure, the load carrying capability, and squeezing time are enhanced by the presence of the micropolar fluid and the magnetic field compared to their Newtonian and non-magnetic counterparts. Additionally, the piezo-viscous dependency, characterized by the viscosity variation factor, also increases the pressure, load and squeezing time. The study highlights the potential of utilizing couple stress fluid, viscosity variation, and MHD as a means to improve load carrying capability and extend the operational life of squeeze film bearings in various engineering applications. The Reynolds equation is derived by applying theory of hydromagnetic flow and Eringen’s micro continuum theory along with micro polar fluid model.
Exploring Motivations for Cannabis Use in Casual Leisure: a German Perspective
Authors: Ghvanidze Sophie , Ščasný Milan , Kang Soo K. , Hanf Jon H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCannabis is a popular leisure activity in many cultures, especially in North America and Europe, where it is commonly used for socializing and entertainment. A recent German study employed the Marijuana Motives Measure to survey young adults, analyzing four motivational factors in the context of casual leisure. The research aimed to understand the reasons behind adults’ daily cannabis use, its link to consumption frequency, and situations. The findings highlight cannabis use for hedonic pleasure, relaxation, and enhancing social experiences. Individuals driven by self-focused motives, seeking relaxation and hedonic pleasure, tend to use it more frequently, while other-focused motives, such as sociable conversation, are associated with less frequent and occasional consumption. The study further revealed that people who consume cannabis for self-focused motives typically do so alone or with someone at home, whereas those who use it for other-focused motives, such as sociable conversation, tend to do so in social settings.
Analysis and control of the causes of the uplift of the invert of deep tunnels
Authors: Li Chunlin , Wu Yan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhen traversing a complex and fractured geological formation, a deep-buried highway tunnel in Yunnan Province encountered a significant uplift problem in the invert. The causes of the tunnel’s uplifted section were analyzed through on-site observations and monitoring of the lining structure’s deformation, combined with numerical simulation methods. The results indicate that the primary factors leading to the invert uplift are the softening of the surrounding rock at the invert base due to water seepage and the high water pressure in the fractured zone. The softening of the surrounding rock is crucial to the safety of the inverted uplift structure. Based on the tunnel’s engineering characteristics and the causes of the invert uplift, remediation measures such as “enhancing the drainage system, grouting with steel flower pipes, and demolishing and replacing the invert” were adopted. These measures effectively controlled the invert uplift. After the remediation, the convergence rate of the secondary lining decreased, and the deformation stabilized, indicating that the invert uplift remediation plan was reasonable and effective
Fine-grained vectorized merge sorting on RISC-V: from register to cache
Authors: Zhang Jin , Zhou Jincheng , Zhang Xiang , Ma Di , Gong Chunye 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Merge sort as a divide-sort-merge paradigm has been widely applied in computer science fields. As modern reduced instruction set computing architectures like the fifth generation (RISC-V) regard multiple registers as a vector register group for wide instruction parallelism, optimizing merge sort with this vectorized property is becoming increasingly common. In this paper, we overhaul the divide-sort-merge paradigm, from its register-level sort to the cache-aware merge, to develop a fine-grained RISC-V vectorized merge sort (RVMS). From the register-level view, the inline vectorized transpose instruction is missed in RISC-V, so implementing it efficiently is non-trivial. Besides, the vectorized comparisons do not always work well in the merging networks. Both issues primarily stem from the expensive data shuffle instruction. To bypass it, RVMS strides to take register data as the proxy of data shuffle to accelerate the transpose operation, and meanwhile replaces vectorized comparisons with scalar cousin for more light real value swap. On the other hand, as cache-aware merge makes larger data merge in the cache, most merge schemes have two drawbacks: the in-cache merge usually has low cache utilization, while the out-of-cache merging network remains an ineffectively symmetric structure. To this end, we propose the half-merge scheme to employ the auxiliary space of in-place merge to halve the footprint of naïve merge sort, and meanwhile copy one sequence to this space to avoid the former data exchange. Furthermore, an asymmetric merging network is developed to adapt to two different input sizes. Experiments on the RISC-V processor SG2042 show that four fine-grained optimization schemes including register strided transpose, hybrid merging network, half-merge strategy, and asymmetric merging network, improve performance by 4.05%, 19.88%, 12.23%, and 11.04% respectively. Importantly, the overall performance is 1.34x faster than the parallel sorting in the Boost C++ library, and 1.85x faster than std::sort.
Sustainability language found in forest plans and its mathematical modeling potential
Authors: Vatandaslar Can , Bettinger Pete , Merry Krista , Gutierrez Garzon Alba Rocio , Boston Kevin , Lee Taeyoon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOver the last fifty years, management plans have become more descriptive with regard to the potential sustainability of forest systems, raising questions about the feasibility of implementing management activities and ensuring the sustainability of a wide variety of ecosystem services. To assess this issue, we conducted a survey among forest planning and operation research communities in the United States to understand their perceptions regarding the potential of a sample of sustainability statements currently used in national forest plans to be incorporated into optimization models or other mathematical operations. A total of 65 people responded to the survey, resulting in a response rate of 16.5%. Almost 70% of the respondents reported having over 30 years in their specified fields. The results revealed that only 3 out of 15 statements from the sample were deemed to have relatively mature or firm methodologies and data to enable inclusion in modern mathematical models for land use optimization. Of the three statements, two were related to economic sustainability, offering quantifiable information such as a non-declining flow of wood products over time and limits on the amount of timber harvested per decade. In contrast, sociocultural and, to some extent, ecological statements regarding sustainability were generally perceived to be more difficult to translate into mathematical modeling efforts. Particularly challenging were statements corresponding to sustaining natural or scenic characteristics of a forest. These findings may be attributed to various factors, including a lack of measurable indicators for sustainability and a potential lack of understanding about the modeling components and their interactions with planned management activities.
Effects of aqueous cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) cladodes extract on wheat dough and pan bread quality characteristics
Authors: Al‐Marazeeq Khaled , Saleh Mohammed , Alsakarneh Nawal 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe effect of kneading wheat flour with aqueous cladode extracts on the dough's rheological and pan bread quality characteristics was investigated. Cladodes aqueous extract solutions of 5% and 7.5% positively and significantly (P < 0.05) impacted the dough's rheological properties as well as the bread-specific volume index. The use of 10% cladodes aqueous extract solutions, however, negatively impacts bread quality. As the cladodes extract increased from 5 to 10%, the L* and b* color values of both crust and crumb were reduced, a* color values of crust significantly increased while decreased for the crumb. Sensory bread preferences formulated with 7.5% extract were assessed as the best, followed by 5% bread, while the lowest preferences were bread formulated with 10% extract. The use of 7.5% of cladodes aqueous extract resulted in the greatest specific volume and extensograph parameters, except the extensibility E; an indication of the significant impacts on bread quality. In particular, the Max height extensograph index was 426 when 7.5% of cladodes aqueous extract solution was used compared to 280 for the control and 396–365 for the 5 and 10% cladodes aqueous extract solutions, respectively. Results suggest the potential use of cladodes aqueous extract solutions as a healthy alternative to chemical additives in bread and baked products.
Impact of riverine inputs on nutrient dynamics and water quality in enclosed water bodies
Authors: Koue Jinichi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the intricate dynamics of nutrient transport and stratification in Lake Biwa, highlighting the significant impact of river inflows on water quality. Utilizing a validated three-dimensional flow field model and ecosystem model including a bottom sediment model, the analysis revealed that nutrient concentrations, specifically NH₄⁺, NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻, and PO₄3⁻, exhibited pronounced seasonal variations. In the RN_double scenario, NH₄⁺ and NO₂⁻ concentrations demonstrated a slight increase of 0.1 µg/L, respectively, while NO₃⁻ concentrations rose by 0.05–0.10 µg/L in response to precipitation changes. Conversely, in the RN_half scenario, NH₄⁺ and NO₂⁻ concentrations decreased, with NO₃⁻ seeing a more substantial decline of approximately 0.1 µg/L, attributed to reduced precipitation. PO₄3⁻ levels exhibited a maximum decrease of 0.03 µg/L from summer to autumn. Furthermore, simulations limiting nutrient inflows indicated a modest reduction in concentrations: NH₄⁺ decreased by approximately 0.03 µg/L during summer, and NO₂⁻ decreased by around 0.05 µg/L from spring to summer. The results suggest that while immediate improvements in dissolved oxygen levels are limited, effective long-term nutrient management could stabilize oxygen concentrations and improve overall water quality. These findings underscore the necessity for comprehensive water management strategies to mitigate eutrophication effects and support the ecological health of Lake Biwa.
Influence of oil-water mixing conditions on the friction and wear performance of ship tail-bearing materials
Authors: Zhou Xincong , Wang Lun , Xing Shaopeng , Zhou Zhenjiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study addresses the lubrication challenges posed by oil-water mixtures that arise when vessels encounter adverse maritime conditions, including collisions, grounding, and reefing, which can lead to failures in lubrication systems during navigation. The research focuses on three representative ship tail-bearing composites: polymer material(K4), thordon material(SR), and tenmat material(FR). Various volume fractions of oil-water mixtures were prepared, and the rheological properties of these mixtures were examined using a rotational rheometer (MCR102). Additionally, the variation of friction coefficients of the composites about load and linear velocity under different oil-water mixtures was analyzed using a Ring-Block Friction and Wear Testing Machine. Following the experiments, the surface morphology of the composites was assessed, and the wear mechanisms were analyzed using a laser interferometric surface profiler (LI-type), a confocal laser microscope (CLSM), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The findings indicate that, under all lubrication conditions, the friction coefficients of the three materials exhibit a gradual decrease with increasing load and linear velocity.Furthermore, the wear of the materials initially increases and then decreases with rising oil content, with higher oil concentrations in the oil-water mixture correlating with reduced wear. The study reveals that the three materials experience significant abrasive and adhesive wear under adverse oil-water mixing conditions. This research offers valuable insights for developing friction substitutes for oil-water mixing bearings in specialized operational environments and guides the design of friction components in such bearings.
Kant on Hope’s Value and Misanthropy
Authors: Yuen Michael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this article, I develop a neglected aspect of the value of hope in Kant’s philosophy. I do so by homing in on Section III of the 1793 essay “On the Common Saying.” In my interpretation, Kant argues that if one recognizes obligations to help future generations while also encountering people who violate these obligations, one is more likely to isolate oneself from society—what Kant calls the hatred of humanity or misanthropy. Thus, the article argues that hope is valuable for combating misanthropy, especially in the pursuit of intergenerational moral goals.
What Perceptualists Can Say About Reasons for Emotion
Authors: Milona Michael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPerceptualism is a prominent theory analyzing emotions as perceptual experiences of value. A long-standing challenge to perceptualism says that emotions cannot be perceptual because they are subject to normative assessments in terms of reasons and rationality, while perceptual experiences are not. I defend perceptualism from this charge. My argument begins by distinguishing two forms of normative assessment: fundamental and non-fundamental. Perceptualism is compatible with the latter (i.e., non-fundamental reasons and rationality); even sensory experiences are so assessable. I next argue that emotions are only non-fundamentally assessable. Following this argument, I outline a perceptualist-friendly theory of emotions as non-fundamentally normatively assessable.
Local context review by single institutional review boards: Results from a modified Delphi process
Authors: Morain Stephanie R. , Bollinger Juli , Singleton Megan K. , Terkowitz Mia , Weston Christine , Sugarman Jeremy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Local context is the most common concern regarding use of a single institutional review board (sIRB). Yet what “local context” constitutes remains underspecified. Developing a shared understanding of the goals of local context review, the categories of information that should be considered, as well as the types of studies for which sIRB review may be inappropriate, are critical for ensuring that sIRB review provides adequate protections for human subjects.

Methods:
We conducted a three-round modified Delphi process convening individuals with expertise in the conduct and oversight of multisite research. Delphi surveys explored: (1) the goals of local context review; (2) the types of information that should be considered; and (3) study types that should be exempted from sIRB requirements.

Results:
Twenty-one experts participated. Experts agreed that (1) local context review should aim to both protect local participants and ensure compliance and (2) that four types of information should be considered (population/participant-level characteristics; investigator and research team characteristics; institution-level characteristics; and state and local laws). There was less consensus about whether existing processes facilitated adequate consideration of this information. Experts agreed that exemptions from sIRB requirements should be permitted but disagreed about when and in what circumstances.

Conclusion:
There is overlapping consensus about both the goals of local context review and the types of information that should be assessed. Future work remains, however, to develop effective processes to best realize the goals of local context review – and do so with appropriate efficiency.
‘Working for the stomach’: sustaining peasant mining in south-western Uganda
Authors: D’Angelo Lorenzo , Fisher Eleanor 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the mountainous areas of south-western Uganda, peasant miners are characterized as people who ‘work for the stomach’ and pursue an unsustainable activity: extracting alluvial gold with artisanal technology. After days of hard work in the mines, they allegedly squander their money on alcohol and sex. A common way of disapproving of these miners’ behaviour is to compare them to lake fishers (ababariya). By focusing on the ababariya narrative as an entry point into the lifeways of miners, and the relationship between mining and fishing and agriculture, we explore how peasant miners think about a sustainable life. Our argument is that the ababariya can be instrumental in the reproduction and legitimization of existing social and economic inequalities. We therefore examine the contexts that frame the ababariya narrative and the inequalities that it legitimizes. This leads us to reflect on whether this narrative on ‘excessive behaviours’ reveals something about an alternative way of thinking about economy and social relationships based on abundance rather than scarcity.
‘SPEAKER FOR THE DEAD’: COMPOSITION AS SPECULATIVE ARCHAEOACOUSTICS
Authors: White Alastair 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article presents the theoretical foundations of speculative archaeoacoustics, a methodology of composition in which artistic practice becomes a way of accessing the lost music of the Upper Palaeolithic. It begins by accepting David Graeber and David Wengrow’s understanding of prehistory as a dazzling tapestry of investigations and enquiries, before drawing a methodology of affect and creation from the work of Steven Mithen. From here it critiques two contemporary procedures for realising ancient music – one theoretical and one practical – to show how lost art must be reclaimed not through the empirical limit but the aesthetic exception. By adapting Alain Badiou's theory of eternal, invariant truths through a satirical tradition that includes science- and theory-fiction, the argument concludes with the demonstration of a procedure through which we may reimagine, discover and speak for vanished genius.
The epidemiology and healthcare costs of pregnancy-related listeriosis in British Columbia, Canada, 2005–2014
Authors: Ilic Antonela , Panagiotoglou Dimitra , Galanis Eleni , Taylor Marsha , Butt Zahid A. , Majowicz Shannon E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigated cases of pregnancy-related listeriosis in British Columbia (BC), Canada, from 2005 to 2014. We described all diagnosed cases in pregnant women (n = 15) and neonates (n = 7), estimated the excess healthcare costs associated with listeriosis, and calculated the fraction of stillbirths attributable to listeriosis, and mask cell sizes 1–5 due to data requirements. Pregnant women had a median gestational age of 31 weeks at listeriosis onset (range: 20–39) and on average delivered at a median of 37 weeks gestation (range: 20–40). Neonates experienced complications but no fatalities. Stillbirths occurred in 1–5 of 15 pregnant women with listeriosis, and very few (0.05–0.24%) of the 2,088 stillbirths in BC in the 10 years were attributed to listeriosis (exact numbers masked). Pregnant women and neonates with listeriosis had significantly more hospital visits, days in the hospital and physician visits than those without listeriosis. Pregnant women with listeriosis had 2.59 times higher mean total healthcare costs during their pregnancy, and neonates with listeriosis had 9.85 times higher mean total healthcare costs during their neonatal period, adjusting for various factors. Despite small case numbers and no reported deaths, these results highlight the substantial additional health service use and costs associated with individual cases of pregnancy-related listeriosis in BC.
Radicle emergence could overestimate the prediction of seed longevity in wild plants
Authors: Wijayasinghe Malaka M. , Hay Fiona R. , Isanta Maria Tudela , Balestrazzi Alma , Colville Louise , Pritchard Hugh W. , Mondoni Andrea 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSeed longevity influences the success of ex situ storage and preservation of plant genetic diversity and is thus a critical factor in conservation efforts. Rapid seed ageing experiments at high temperature and high humidity have been widely used to classify seed longevity for hundreds of plant species, with potential implications for longevity in ex situ conservation. In this approach, radicle emergence (R) is normally used as a measure of the viability of the seeds. However, R could overestimate the level of normal seedling development and, consequently, the perceived longevity of seeds. Here, seed lifespan for 33 alpine species was compared to assess whether germination criteria could affect seed longevity parameters. Seeds were exposed to controlled ageing [45°C, 60% relative humidity (RH)] and regularly sampled for germination assessment as both radicle emergence (R) and radicle plus cotyledon emergence (R + C). The time taken in storage for viability to fall to 50% (p50) was determined using probit analysis, including either R or R + C data. A coefficient of overestimation of seed longevity (OESL, %) was determined. The results highlight significant differences in seed longevity estimates both across species and the germination criteria. For 17 species, seed longevity estimated by R was significantly higher than that estimated using R + C, resulting in large variation in OESL (0.54–9.01 d). The introduction of OESL facilitates effective screening for seed longevity and recovery, enhancing the overall efficiency of conservation strategies for diverse species.
Pulse splitting technique for low sidelobe time-modulated antenna array synthesis with harmonic suppression
Authors: Sallam Tarek , Attiya Ahmed M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper, pulse splitting approach is proposed to simultaneously reduce the sidelobe level (SLL) of fundamental signal and maximum sideband levels (SBLs) of harmonic signals for time-modulated linear array (TMLA). This is achieved by controlling only the periodic switching time sequence of each element of the TMLA. In pulse splitting, the on–off switching sequence of each radiating element is characterized by multiple rectangular sub-pulses within the modulation period which increase the degrees of freedom in order to better synthesize the desired fundamental pattern with simultaneous suppression of harmonic or sideband radiation. A genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the switch-on and switch-off instants of each sub-pulse for each element for 16-element uniform amplitude, phase, and space linear antenna array. The simulation results reveal that the proposed method can achieve the desired patterns with very low SLL and SBLs compared with previous published results.