bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A non‐spectral Helmholtz solver for numerical weather prediction models with a mass‐based vertical coordinate
Authors: Degrauwe Daan , Voitus Fabrice , Termonia Piet 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough semi‐implicit semi‐Lagrangian spectral atmospheric models have been very successful for decades, they are believed to face big challenges in the longer term. Foremost, the spectral method relies heavily on data‐rich global communications, which may become problematic on future massively parallel machines. This paper investigates how the Helmholtz problem, as it arises in the dynamical core of a semi‐implicit non‐hydrostatic numerical weather prediction model with a mass‐based vertical coordinate and a constant‐coefficient reference state, can be solved efficiently without relying on spectral transforms, by using a multigrid‐preconditioned iterative solver instead. In the particular case of a limited‐area geometry, the convergence rate of this iterative solver can be determined a priori, which allows us to predict the required number of iterations. This knowledge is especially valuable for an atmospheric model that is used for operational weather forecasting, because it guarantees that the model runtime stays constant from one forecast to another. The a priori knowledge of the convergence rate also allows us to choose the parameters of the multigrid preconditioner optimally. Weak scalability experiments show the superior scalability of this solver with respect to a spectral solver.
Continuous data assimilation for global numerical weather prediction
Authors: Lean P. , Hólm E. V. , Bonavita M. , Bormann N. , McNally A. P. , Järvinen H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new configuration of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) incremental 4D‐Var data assimilation (DA) system is introduced which builds upon the quasi‐continuous DA concept proposed in the mid‐1990s. Rather than working with a fixed set of observations, the new 4D‐Var configuration exploits the near‐continuous stream of incoming observations by introducing recently arrived observations at each outer loop iteration of the assimilation. This allows the analysis to benefit from more recent observations. Additionally, by decoupling the start time of the DA calculations from the observational data cut‐off time, real‐time forecasting applications can benefit from more expensive analysis configurations that previously could not have been considered. In this work we present results of a systematic comparison of the performance of a Continuous DA system against that of two more traditional baseline 4D‐Var configurations. We show that the quality of the analysis produced by the new, more continuous configuration is comparable to that of a conventional baseline that has access to all of the observations in each of the outer loops, which is a configuration not feasible in real‐time operational numerical weather prediction. For real‐time forecasting applications, the Continuous DA framework allows configurations which clearly outperform the best available affordable non‐continuous configuration. Continuous DA became operational at ECMWF in June 2019 and led to significant 2 to 3% reductions in medium‐range forecast root mean square errors, which is roughly equivalent to 2–3 hr of additional predictive skill.
Empyema thoracis complicated by anaemia as caused by occult bonelet aspiration
Authors: Shai Sen‐Ei , Lai Yi‐Ling , Tang Hsiao‐Wen , Hung Shih‐Chieh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA 62‐year‐old man was referred to our medical centre with productive cough and high fever over the span of one week, as well as the affiliated symptoms of chronic cough and dizziness for more than six months. Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax was performed and analysed revealing lobulated empyema with thick pleura and two foreign body (FB) retentions in the right lower lobe bronchus. The patient proceeded to thoracoscopic decortications and finalized through retrieval of two dark black stained bonelets with ignored aspiration. After surgery, the patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged in stable condition.
Variational Bayesian identification for bilinear state space models with Markov‐switching time delays
Authors: Fei Qiuling , Ma Junxia , Xiong Weili , Guo Fan 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article studies the parameter identification problem for bilinear state space models with time‐varying time delays. Considering the correlation of time delays, the Markov chain switching mechanism is adopted to model the delay sequence. Based on the observer canonical form, the bilinear state space model is transformed into a regressive form. A bilinear state observer is designed to estimate the state variables. Under the variational Bayesian scheme, the system parameters, discrete delays, and the Markov transition probabilities are identified by using the measurement data. A numerical example and a continuous stirred tank reactor simulation are employed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Exponential bipartite synchronization of random signed networks with Markovian switching via impulsive control
Authors: Wang Mengxin , Xie Yunshu , Li Wenxue 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn this article, exponential bipartite synchronization inmth moment of random signed networks is studied. Different from previous work, both random disturbances and Markovian switching are considered into signed networks. It is worth emphasizing that the topological structure of signed networks depends on Markovian switching, and not all switching subnetworks are required to be strongly connected. In addition, an impulsive controller is designed to make random signed networks with Markovian switching achieve bipartite synchronization. Then, by using Lyapunov method and signed digraph theory, two synchronization criteria are obtained. These criteria have a close relationship with the topological structure of signed networks, the impulsive gain and the reverse average impulsive interval. Furthermore, our theoretical results are applied to studying exponential bipartite synchronization inmth moment of single‐link robot arms in engineering, and a synchronization criterion is given. Finally, some numerical simulations are shown to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of theoretical results.
The mitigating effects of economic complexity and renewable energy on carbon emissions in developed countries
Authors: Doğan Buhari , Driha Oana M. , Balsalobre Lorente Daniel , Shahzad Umer 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnder the growing threats of climate change, innovation and pollution reduction have become driving forces for cleaner economic growth and the environment. This study endeavors to analyze the effect of economic complexity—understood as structural transformation toward more sophisticated and knowledge‐based production, economic progress, renewable energy consumption, and population growth over carbon emissions. Our study employs panel data for a sample of 28 OECD countries covering the period of 1990–2014. The main contribution to the energy economics literature is given by bringing together the concept of environmental degradation and economic complexity controlling via renewable energy consumption and economic and population growth. Based on the extensive empirical analysis (augmented mean group estimator, panel cointegration, and panel regression techniques), we conclude that economic complexity and renewable energy might help in mitigating the environmental degradation problems in OECD countries.
Public–private partnership as a tool for sustainable development – What literatures say?
Authors: Wang Nannan , Ma Minxun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPublic–private partnership (PPP) has been proposed by the United Nations as a tool for Sustainable Development Goals. The perceptions and tendencies of literatures on this concept have, however, not yet been fully investigated. This research fills the perceived gap, by reviewing sustainability‐oriented PPP studies, to better understand the relationship between PPP and sustainable development. A bottom‐up approach is adopted, with the help of a purposely designed database. The concept and development stages of sustainability‐oriented PPP are examined. The research status of sustainability‐oriented PPP is analysed. The increasing popularity of sustainability‐oriented PPP studies is, to a degree, associated with policies of the key global players in PPP. Research gaps and future research trends are suggested. This research contributes to the body of knowledge of sustainability‐oriented PPP and can help researchers and practitioners in better understanding the status, gaps and direction of future efforts regarding sustainability‐oriented PPP.
Filigrane Sporthallenüberdachung mit futuristischer Kunststoff‐Gebäudehülle über der Dreifeld‐Sporthalle der Friedrich‐Ebert‐Schule in Pfungstadt
Authors: Engelsmann Stephan , Peters Stefan , Dengler Christoph 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDer Neubau der Dreifeld‐Sporthalle der Friedrich‐Ebert‐Schule in Pfungstadt ist ein frei stehender Solitär in einem heterogen strukturierten Gewerbegebiet. Das mit einer futuristisch wirkenden, weißen Kunststoff‐Gebäudehülle verkleidete Stahl‐Chassis der Sporthallenüberdachung ist das gestalterisch prägende Element des kraftvollen Baukörpers. Der Beitrag beschreibt den Tragwerksentwurf für die Sporthallenüberdachung.
Evaluation of concrete cover depth for green concretes exposed to carbonation
Authors: Carević Vedran , Ignjatović Ivan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCarbonation resistance of fly ash concrete (FAC) and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) has been extensively tested in the past decade, but there are still no recommendations for their application in codes of practice. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the minimum concrete cover depth of RAC and FAC exposed to carbonation to satisfy the required service life. In this study, the relationship between concrete compressive strength at 28 days (fcm) and inverse effective carbonation resistance (R−1ACC) was established. The analysis was carried out on all data available in the literature in order to establish this relationship for FAC and RAC made with different replacement percentages. After establishing a relationship between R−1ACC and fcm, a prediction of the service life was made using the fib‐Bulletin 34 (2006, Model code for service life design (1st ed.). Lausanne: International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib)) prediction model for all exposure classes to carbonation. For same concrete class, it can be concluded that in the case of RAC there was no significant difference in the duration of the service life compared with natural aggregate concrete, even at 100% replacement of natural aggregate with recycled ones. For concrete up to 35% of fly ash in total cementitious materials, concrete cover for satisfying the required service life of 50 years was 40% higher compared with Portland cement concrete, and more than two times higher in case of concrete with 40–70% fly ash.
Intricate evolutionary history of Callitriche (Plantaginaceae) taxa elucidated by a combination of DNA sequencing and genome size
Authors: Prančl Jan , Fehrer Judith , Caklová Petra , Bambasová Veronika , Lučanová Magdalena , Kaplan Zdeněk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe widespread aquatic plant genus Callitriche is taxonomically very challenging, but noteworthy in many evolutionary aspects including a high overall diversity, extensive phenotypic plasticity, remarkable reproductive systems and a large variation in ploidy levels and chromosome numbers. We conducted a multi‐level systematic study on 346 individuals of 25 taxa from 21 mostly European countries. Flow cytometric estimation of genome size, chromosome counting and direct sequencing of ITS and trnT‐trnL DNA markers combined with RFLPs of the ITS region were applied in order to unravel the phylogenetic relationships among Callitriche taxa and to clarify the origin of polyploid species and hybrids. Additionally, ITS sequences from a recent worldwide phylogenetic study of the genus were included for comparison. We demonstrate that most of the traditionally recognized European Callitriche taxa are well defined by a combination of genome size and molecular markers. Several species showed remarkable intraspecific genetic variation; previously unknown cryptic taxa were revealed within C. stagnalis, C. truncata and North American C. heterophylla. The origin of selected polyploid taxa was investigated in detail. Diploid C. cophocarpa was confirmed to be the parental species of tetraploid C. platycarpa, but we did not find direct evidence for the putative allopolyploid origin of this species. The complex of C. brutia included three taxa; of these, C. hamulata is probably an allooctoploid derivative of C. brutia var. brutia and C. cophocarpa/C. platycarpa. The third member, C. brutia var. naftolskyi, was newly reclassified at the subspecies level; for the first time, chromosome numbers are provided for this poorly known taxon. For a single triploid sample, our results suggested an autopolyploid origin from C. stagnalis. Four Callitriche hybrids were revealed, two of which are newly described and validated here as C. ×nyrensis and C. brutia nothosubsp. neglecta. A tentative intrageneric concept of two sections (Callitriche, Pseudocallitriche) is adopted, with the need for a more detailed evaluation in the future.
Data consistency and classification model transferability across biomedical Raman spectroscopy systems
Authors: Picot Fabien , Daoust François , Sheehy Guillaume , Dallaire Frédérick , Chaikho Layal , Bégin Théophile , Kadoury Samuel , Leblond Frédéric 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSurgical guidance applications using Raman spectroscopy are being developed at a rapid pace in oncology to ensure safe and complete tumor resection during surgery. Clinical translation of these approaches relies on the acquisition of large spectral and histopathological data sets to train classification models. Data calibration must ensure compatibility across Raman systems and predictive model transferability to allow multi‐centric studies to be conducted. This paper addresses issues relating to Raman measurement standardization by first comparing Raman spectral measurements made on an optical phantom and acquired with nine distinct point probe systems and one wide‐field imaging instrument. Data standardization method led to normalized root‐mean‐square deviations between instruments of 2%. A classification model discriminating between white and gray matter was trained with one point probe system. When used to classify independent data sets acquired with the other systems, model predictions led to >95% accuracy, preliminarily demonstrating model transferability across different biomedical Raman spectroscopy instruments.
Conway–Maxwell–Poissonregression models for dispersed count data
Authors: Sellers Kimberly F. , Premeaux Bailey 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile Poisson regression serves as a standard tool for modeling the association between a count response variable and explanatory variables, it is well‐documented that this approach is limited by the Poisson model's assumption of data equi‐dispersion. The Conway–Maxwell–Poisson (COM‐Poisson) distribution has demonstrated itself as a viable alternative for real count data that express data over‐ or under‐dispersion, and thus the COM‐Poisson regression can flexibly model associations involving a discrete count response variable and covariates. This work overviews the ongoing developmental knowledge and advancement of COM‐Poisson regression, introducing the reader to the underlying model (and its considered reparametrizations) and related regression constructs, including zero‐inflated models, and longitudinal studies. This manuscript further introduces readers to associated computing tools available to perform COM‐Poisson and related regressions.This article is categorized under:Statistical Models > Linear ModelsStatistical Models > Generalized Linear Models
Preference of intake of different tree leaves preserved with drying and ensiling by nyala antelope (Tragelaphus angasii)
Authors: Przybyło Marcin , Kazek Sylwia , Kloska Alina , Pyś Jan B. , Górka Paweł 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is recommended that browse should be an important part of diets for browsing and intermediate feeding type ruminants. However, provision of browse in winter time is problematic for many zoos located in the temperate climate. Drying or freezing of branches are commonly practiced solutions to this problem, but ensiling of tree leaves could also be an attractive option. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of drying and ensiling of different tree leaves on preference of their intake by nyala antelope (Tragelaphus angasii), an intermediate feeding type ruminant. A study was conducted on five nyala fed a standard diet (meadow hay, dehydrated chopped lucerne and limited concentrates) before and during the study. Preference of intake of five feeds was tested: dried maple (A. platanoides), oak (Q. robur), willow (S. alba), and ensiled maple and lime (T. cordata) leaves. Each day two tested feeds were offered to each animal. After 4 h of presentation, feed refusals were weighed and preference ratio for each tested feed and animal was calculated. Then, preferences were ranked using a pairwise comparison chart. Dried maple and oak leaves were preferred more than other leaves whereas ensiled lime leaves were the least preferred. On the other hand, ensiled and dried maple leaves were equally preferred. Results of this study showed that palatability of ensiled tree leaves should not be a concern when feeding nyala, and likely also other browsing or intermediate feeding type ruminants, but palatability of silage may depend on the species of tree.
How to choose a fair delegation?
Authors: Can Burak , Csóka Péter , Ergin Emre 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper analyzes how to choose a delegation, a committee to represent a society such as in a peace conference. We propose normative conditions and seek Pareto optimal, consistent, neutral, and non-manipulable ways to choose a delegation. We show that a class of threshold rules is characterized by these criteria. The rules do not choose a fixed number of delegates, but instead require different sizes of delegations, depending on the heterogeneity in society. Therefore the resulting delegations are very inclusive, and with t delegates the ratio of individuals whose opinions are not included is always below "Equation missing". For instance, a delegation of size two should have at least 75% support from the society and therefore only less than 25% of the opinion pool can be neglected.
Opening and closure of intraventricular neuroendoscopic procedures in infants under 1 year of age: institutional technique, case series and review of the literature
Authors: Cearns M. D. , Kommer M. , Amato-Watkins A. , Campbell E. , Beez T. , O’Kane R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeIntraventricular neuroendoscopic techniques, particularly third ventriculostomy, are employed increasingly in the management of infantile hydrocephalus. However, surgical access to the ventricular cavities is associated with a risk of post-operative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Here, we describe a structured, multi-layered approach to wound opening and closure which aims to maximise the natural tissue barriers against CSF leakage. We present a series of patients undergoing this technique and subsequently review the literature regarding opening and closure techniques in paediatric intraventricular neuroendoscopic procedures.MethodsWe performed a retrospective case series analysis of patients under 1 year of age who underwent intraventricular neuroendoscopic procedures in a single institution over a 5-year period. Patients were identified from an institutional operative database, and operation notes and clinical records were subsequently reviewed.Results28 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this study. The mean age at operation was 9 weeks. 27 patients underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy whilst 1 underwent endoscopic septostomy, and all patients underwent our structured, multi-layered opening and closure technique. Follow-up ranged from 4 months to 5 years. There were no cases of post-operative CSF leak, infection or wound breakdown. 12 patients remained shunt-free at the last follow-up, with the remaining 16 requiring shunt insertion for progressive hydrocephalus at a mean of 24 days post-operatively.ConclusionVarious methods aiming to prevent post-operative CSF leak have been reported in the literature. We propose that our institutional technique may be of benefit in minimising this risk in infants undergoing endoscopic third ventriculostomy and similar intraventricular neuroendoscopic procedures.
A framework to estimate cognitive load using physiological data
Authors: Ahmad Muneeb Imtiaz , Keller Ingo , Robb David A. , Lohan Katrin S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCognitive load has been widely studied to help understand human performance. It is desirable to monitor user cognitive load in applications such as automation, robotics, and aerospace to achieve operational safety and to improve user experience. This can allow efficient workload management and can help to avoid or to reduce human error. However, tracking cognitive load in real time with high accuracy remains a challenge. Hence, we propose a framework to detect cognitive load by non-intrusively measuring physiological data from the eyes and heart. We exemplify and evaluate the framework where participants engage in a task that induces different levels of cognitive load. The framework uses a set of classifiers to accurately predict low, medium and high levels of cognitive load. The classifiers achieve high predictive accuracy. In particular, Random Forest and Naive Bayes performed best with accuracies of 91.66% and 85.83% respectively. Furthermore, we found that, while mean pupil diameter change for both right and left eye were the most prominent features, blinking rate also made a moderately important contribution to this highly accurate prediction of low, medium and high cognitive load. The existing results on accuracy considerably outperform prior approaches and demonstrate the applicability of our framework to detect cognitive load.
Biosensor-enabled droplet microfluidic system for the rapid screening of 3-dehydroshikimic acid produced in Escherichia coli
Authors: Tu Ran , Li Liangpo , Yuan Huiling , He Ronglin , Wang Qinhong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Genetically encoded biosensors are powerful tools used to screen metabolite-producing microbial strains. Traditionally, biosensor-based screening approaches also use fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). However, these approaches are limited by the measurement of intracellular fluorescence signals in single cells, rather than the signals associated with populations comprising multiple cells. This characteristic reduces the accuracy of screening because of the variability in signal levels among individual cells. To overcome this limitation, we introduced an approach that combined biosensors with droplet microfluidics (i.e., fluorescence-activated droplet sorting, FADS) to detect labeled cells at a multi-copy level and in an independent droplet microenvironment. We used our previously reported genetically encoded biosensor, 3-dehydroshikimic acid (3-DHS), as a model with which to establish the biosensor-based FADS screening method. We then characterized and compared the effects of the sorting method on the biosensor-based screening system by subjecting the same mutant library to FACS and FADS. Notably, our developed biosensor-enabled, droplet microfluidics-based FADS screening system yielded an improved positive mutant enrichment rate and increased productivity by the best mutant, compared with the single-cell FACS system. In conclusion, the combination of a biosensor and droplet microfluidics yielded a more efficient screening method that could be applied to the biosensor-based high-throughput screening of other metabolites.