bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indonesia’s Broilers Business Facing Oversupply Difficulties
Authors: Nugroho B A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Indonesian production of poultry meat has undergone significant expansion and modernization over recent years and, while there have been cyclical fluctuations, growth has been consistent throughout the past three decades. Between 1993 and 2013, for example, the Indonesian broiler industry was the sixth-fastest growing in the world. The aim of this article is to identify the Indonesia’s broilers business facing with oversupply difficulties and its evolution. Methods of information and data analyzes were descriptive, analytical or assessment based on evidence from the existing condition of the Indonesia’s broilers business and its evolution. Indonesia’s poultry sector continues to demonstrate strong growth, despite industry reports of oversupply. The government has taken some efforts to regulate the import of breeder stock in order to slow growth and strengthen prices, although the results are negligible. According to the survey conducted by Ministry of Agriculture based on monitoring of Market Information Service on June 25, 2019, the average price per kg live bird (LB) in the National is IDR 20,216, while the average price on Java Island is around IDR 11,327, and LB prices in Central Java and East Java are only around IDR 8,845 and IDR 10,736. The fall in the price of broilers meat in Java, due to not all of meat produced is absorbed in traditional markets. This situation occurs because the broiler farmers predicts there will be an increase in demand after period of Eid al-Fitr celebration, it turned out that such conditions did not occur so the product becomes abundant and finally the price down.
Viability of Probiotic Lactic Acid Microencapsulated with Maltodextrin in the Simulated Gastric Juice and Bile Salt
Authors: Astutiningrum O P , Akhirini N , Harimurti S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) consisted of Lactobacillus murinus Ar3, Streptococcus thermophilus Kp2, and Pediococcus acidilacti Kd6 were encapsulated with skimmed milk-maltodextrin. In vitro studies were used to determine the effects of simulated gastric juice (SGJ) and bile salt on the viability of encapsulated probiotics. The results showed that the viability of microencapsulated LAB decreased 0.45 log units during 3-h exposure to SGJ with pepsin at pH 2.5. After 4-h exposure in bile salt solutions at pH 6.5, the number of microencapsulated LAB increased by 1.10 log units. Microencapsulated LAB was completely released from the coated after exposure to bile salt during 4-h. This study confirmed that maltodextrin in microencapsulation might be an effective method that could allow viable probiotic bacteria to reach the large intestine.
Effect of Dietary Nano-encapsulated Mindi (Melia azedarach Linn.) Leaf Extract on Growth Performance and Intestinal pH of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Masjid N A S , Zuprizal  , Dono N D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A four weeks study was conducted to evaluate the effects of nano-encapsulated Mindi (Melia azedarach Linn.) leaves extract inclusion in drinking water on growth performance and intestinal pH in broiler chickens. A hundred and ninety two chicks were allotted into eight treatment groups: a negative control group without any treatment in the drinking water (T1), a positive control group with tetracycline 100 ppm (T2), groups with 100 mg (T3), 200 mg (T4), 400 mg (T5) mindi leaves extract per litre, or groups with 100 mg (T6), 200 mg (T7), 400 mg (T8) nano-encapsulated mindi leaves extract per litre (L). Each treatment was replicated four times with six birds per pen. Oneway ANOVA was used to analyse collected data, continued with Duncan‧s new Multiple Range Test for data with significant difference. No treatment effect were detected on feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, water intake, or final weight. However, inclusion with 200 mg mindi leaves extract per L reduced pH (P<0.05) in the jejunum and ileum. Current research indicated that addition of low dose Mindi leaves extract–nanocapsulated or non-nanoencapsulated–might give significant effect on improving intestinal health condition in broiler chickens.
Effect of Combination of Protected and Non-Protected Corn Oil Supplementation on In Vitro Nutrient Digestibility
Authors: Anam M S , Yusiati L M , Hanim C , Bachruddin Z , Astuti A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This research was done to study the effect of supplementation of the combination of corn oil (CO) and protected corn oil (PCO) using formaldehyde on in vitro nutrient digestibility in the rumen and post rumen. Protection of corn oil is carried out by mixing skim milk powder and corn oil (2:1) using formaldehyde 1,5%. Feed for fermentation substrate consists of Penissetum purpureum and wheat pollard (60:40). The combination of CO and PCO in several rations was added as the supplement to feed substrate (dry matter basis). The ratios of CO: PCO supplementation that given were T0 (0%:0%) as a control, T1 (5%:0%), T2 (3.75%:1.25%), T3 (2.5%:2.5%), T4 (1.25%:3.75%), and T5 (0%:5%). Their effects on dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), crude protein digestibility (CPD) and crude fiber digestibility (CFD) digestibility were studied using the two-stage in vitro digestibility method of Tilley and Terry (1963) modified by Utomo (2012). Data were statistically analyzed using oneway analysis of variance continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that T1 and T2 significantly (P<0.05) decreased DMD, OMD and CFD at 48 h and 96 h incubation and did not affect rumen CPD. In conclusion, the supplementation of corn oil 1.25% combined with protected corn oil 3.75% had no negative effect on DMD, OMD, CPD and CFD on rumen and post-rumen digestibility.
Heating Effect on Rumen Digestion of Protein Feeds Fermented by Lactid Acid Bacteria
Authors: Sanjaya H L , Bachrudin Z , Kurniawati A , Hanim C , Yusiati L M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to measure the in vitro digestibility of protein feeds as a product of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation with different levels of molasses addition and incubation time. The LAB fermentation of protein feeds experiment had treatments given in the form of addition of molasses with levels of 0%, 3%, and 5% as well as at different incubation times of 0, 1, and 2 weeks. The best result of LAB fermentation was then protected from the rumen digestion by a heating treatment, carbohydrate, and fat addition. The parameter observed includes levels of pH and lactic acid production for LAB fermentation of protein feeds experiment and dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), and crude protein digestibility (CPD) for protected rumen digestion experiment. Result showed that the lowest pH were 4.65±0.02, reached at the treatment with one week incubation (p<0.05) and 0% molasses addition (p<0.05). The highest lactic acid content were 1.82±0.10 mg/g fermentation feed based on treatment one weeks incubation (p<0.05) and 0% molasses addition (p>0.05). The highest content of protein showed at the treatment with two weeks incubation (p>0.05) and 5% molasses addition (p<0.05). Heating treatment had no significant compared to control, with the result respectively DMD 42.48±4.08%; 38.62±6.31%, OMD 53.21±4.74%; 49.71±5.62%, and CPD 38.15±4.71%; 34.88±2.72% (p>0.05). Fermentation could improve the nutrient quality of concentrate, but further research is needed to find ways to protect fermented concentrate.
Mammary Gland Health and Identification of β-defensin Gene of Holstein-Friesian Cows
Authors: Herlina N , Wulandari A S , Yanthi N D , Aditia D R , Yaman M A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
β-Defensin in bovine had known as an antimicrobial peptide group with a broad-spectrum activity. The defensin peptide found abundant in neutrophils and epithelial cells including in the mammary gland. The objectives of this research are to identify the β-defensin gene and mammary gland health status. Blood and milk samples were obtained from various lactated cows located from several farms in Bogor. The research consisted of two main activities including collecting blood and milk then laboratory examinations which carried out through amplifying genomic DNA fragments of β-defensin using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and milk analysis through somatic cell count. Therefore, based on these results, the β-defensin are found and identified in all samples with a low or high number of somatic cell. Hence, the genetic diversity of β-defensin gene need to be calculated to be used as genetic marker prior to select dairy cattle with increased resistance to infection of the mammary gland method. Other defensin genes need to be hold to assisted breeding programmes in accordance with mammary gland health.
Age-Dependent Changes in Fresh Semen Quality of Swamp Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Isnaini N , Harsi T , Zamani W R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fresh semen quality of swamp buffalo raised in Lembang Artificial Insemination Center with respect to different age. The semen was collected from one swamp buffalo bull at three different stages (5, 6, and 7 years old). The evaluation of semen quality was conducted directly upon collection. Semen color, consistency, and mass sperm motility were analyzed descriptively, while semen volume, pH, sperm concentration and individual sperm motility were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by least significant difference test. The results showed that the dominant physical characteristics of swamp buffalo’s semen were milky white color with moderate consistency and fast mass sperm motility (++). There was a highly significant effect (P<0.01) of age on semen volume, sperm concentration, and individual sperm motility, whereas semen pH was not affected (P>0.05) by age. Swamp buffalo had higher (P<0.01) semen volume and sperm concentration at 7 years old, but with lower (P<0.01) individual sperm motility as compared to 5 and 6 years old. In brief, this study reveals that semen production of swamp buffalo is dependent of age with 7 years old become the most superior age.
The Weight Gain and Growth of Crossbred Bulls Fed Locally Inspired Supplements Compared with Current Feeding Systems in Village Smallholdings in Malang, East Java
Authors: Setiadi D , Kusmartono  , Kasmiyati  , Mashudi  , Zakariya A Z , Harper K J , Poppi D P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Growth rates of cattle in village smallholder farms are often low (0,2-0,5 kg/d) due to the ration formulation not meeting the nutrient requirements for cattle to achieve their potential live weight gain. This experiment aims to determine the growth of crossbred bulls fed a range of supplemented diets using local products comparing them to current traditional feeding system. This village was conducted in Kucur village, Dau sub-district, Malang. Fifyt cross bred aged between 1.5-2 years were allocated into five treatments; cassava-based diet by recent ACIAR-UB experiment (T1), commercial concentrate (T2), YaYa diet (T3), Santos diet (T4) and current feeding system (CFS) by smallholder farmers (T0) as the control. Cassava-based diet (T1) consisted of 50% cassava, 25% copra meal (CM) and 25% palm kernel cake (PKC). Local concentrate (T2) was bought from local cooperative in Malang. Yaya diet (T2) consisted of 30% cassava, 20% corn cob, 20% copra meal, 20% palm kernel cake and 10% rice bran. Santos diet (T4) consisted of 40 % corn cob, 20% palm kernel cake 20% rice bran, and 20% wheat pollard. Control treatment (T0) was 1 kg wheat pollard a day which was the general current feeding system by local smallholders. The experiment found that cassava-based diet (T1) supplementation showed the highest body growth compared to the other diets.
The Acrosome Integrity Examination of Post-thawed Spermatozoa of Several Ongole Grade Bull in Indonesia Using Giemsa Staining Method
Authors: Prihantoko K D , Yuliastuti F , Haniarti H , Kusumawati A , Widayati D T , Budiyanto A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cement cryopreservation is a preserving technique of spermatozoa cells that the spermatozoa cells can be used in a long period of time. Frozen semen is produced by the National Artificial Insemination Center (AIC) and the Regional Artificial Insemination Center (RAIC) in Indonesia. The indicators in predicting spermatozoa fertilizing ability include individual motility and movement scores, but the indicators have not been able to accurately predict the spermatozoa fertilizing ability, Acrosome integrity of spermatozoa cells is an important indicator of the success of the fertilization. The study aimed at evaluating the quality of the acrosome integrity of Ongole Grade Bull post-thawed spermatozoa from several Artificial Insemination Centers (AIC) in Indonesia using Giemsa staining method. It used 60 straw samples of 6 PO cattle aged 6 to 8 years with healthy and normal reproductive organs obtained from 3 different Artificial Insemination Centers (AICs) in Indonesia. The spermatozoa acrosome integrity was evaluated using Trypan Blue-Giemsa (TBG) and Giemsa stainings combined with fixation using methanol. The results showed that the motility (43.60±1.65%) and the viability of the spermatozoa (55.75±1.83%) of Ongole grade bull in the AIC A was higher than those in the other AIC (P<0.05). The results of the evaluation of the acrosome integrity of the Ongole grade bull from the AIC A using the TBG staining showed that the acrosome integrity of the bull from the AIC A was higher than that of the bull from the other AIC (P<0.05) (77.00±1.52%). They also showed that the acrosome integrity of the Ongole grade bull from the AIC A evaluated using Giemsa staining was also higher than that of the bull from the other AIC (P<0.05) (76.84±1.57%). Spermatozoa acrosomes can be evaluated using TBG or Giemsa stainings. However, the TBG staining is more complex and it takes a long time for the staining to give expected results. Meanwhile, the Giemsa staining combined with fixation using methanol is a simple method and it does not take a long time for the staining to give satisfying results.
A Dietary Inclusion Made of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Leaf Powder in Feeding toward the Performance and Carcass Quality of Local Chickens
Authors: Laihad J T , Leke J R , Nangoy F N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the performance and carcass quality of local chickens given by dietary inclusion, composing of papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaf powder. The experimental free-range chickens used 200 chickens, by the age of 16 weeks and average body weight of 780.58±9.34 gr. Feed was made from corn, rice bran, fish flour, concentrate, and papaya leaves. The research applied Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 8 replications. The treatments comprised of R0 = 100% based diet (BD) + 0 % papaya leaf powder (PLP), R1 = 97% BD + 3 % PLP, R2 = 94 % BD + 6 % PLP, R3 = 91 % BD + 9 % PLP, and R4 = 88 % BD + 12 % PLP. Parameters were final weight, carcass weight, and carcass percentage. The result showed that feather performance and carcass quality were not significantly different (P 0.05) against final weight (gr), carcass weight (gr) and carcass percentage (%). In conclusion, papaya leaf can be used as dietary component in feeding to improve carcass quality without negative impact on performance of productive local chickens.
Providing High Quality Forages with Hydroponic Fodder System
Authors: Ndaru P H , Huda A N , Marjuki  , Prasetyo R D , Shofiatun U , Nuningtyas Y F , Ndaru R K , Kusmartono  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hydroponic fodder is an alternative technology to provide the sustainability of high-quality forage for ruminant. Hydroponic sprout contains grass juice which is essential to increase the ruminant performance because the grass juice from hydroponic can contribute to the enhancement of microbial activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of harvesting time toward fodder production and nutrient content of hydroponic maize fodder. This study used maize seed and hypochlorite solution for a disinfectant agent. The method used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments. The treatments used was the difference of harvesting time, P1 = 8 days, P2 = 12 days, P3 = 16 days, P4 = 20 days, P5 = 24 days. Variables measured were % germination, growth (plant height), forage production, and nutrient content (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and crude fiber). The results showed that the harvesting time is a highly significant effect (P <0.01) on plant height, forage production, and nutrient content. Based on research, hydroponic maize fodder has an advantage as a source of quality forage for livestock because it has a high protein. The crude protein contains on P1 with 12,36 %, P2 = 14,91%, P3 = 17,11%, P4 18,43% and P5 = 17,58 %. The conclusion is the 20th day of harvesting time has good quality and production as an alternative animal forage.
Economic Value of Dwarf Elephant Grass and Dried Distiller Grain with Soluble as Feed of Smallholder Dairy Farm in Tulungrejo Village, Ngantang District, Malang Regency
Authors: Huda A N , Ndaru P H , Ridhowi A , Nuningtyas Y F , Putritamara J A , Soetanto H 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe average number of lactation dairy cattle ownership in community farms in Tulungrejo Village, Ngantang District, Malang Regency ranges from 5-6 cows per household. Farmers rely on grass as the main feed for dairy cows and concentrate from local Dairy Cooperative as additional feed. Average milk production was 10-11 liters/cow/day. Changes in the use of feed types have occurred in the last two years. The use of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) by farmers has slowly changed to dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureumcv Mott) until now. The amount of concentrate given was reduced and replaced by DDGS by ratio (concentrate: DDGS) 1: 4. This study analyzed the economic value of the use of dwarf elephant grass and DDGS as feed especially its impact on farmers’ income. Data obtained through interview methods from 37 respondents of dairy farmers in Tulungrejo Village, Ngantang District, Malang Regency in July - September 2019. Data analysis was carried out in a descriptive quantitative manner. The results showed the average daily milk production increased by 18% or equivalent to 1.77 liters/cow/day and there was a 18.68% increase in farmer income or equivalent to IDR 7,397,160 within 2 years.
Factors Affecting the Women’s Labor Participation at Home Industry of Rambak Crackers in Tulungagung Regency
Authors: Kusumastuti A E , Ningsih U W , Astuti A W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This research was conducted at the village of Sembung, Tulungagung subdistrict, Tulungagung Regency from November - December 2017. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the woman’s labour participation at home industry of rambak crackers in Tulungagung Regency. Around 75 females staff and 30 owners of home industry were selected as respondents by purposive sampling. The research method used was survey method. Data were collected by survey, observation, and direct interviews by using structured questionnaires. Data were analysed by using multiple linier regression and descriptive analysis. The research results showed that the distance and wages were significantly influence the level of labor woman participation. The value of coefficient determination was around 0.669. It means that the contributions effect of X variable to Y was 66.9%. It can be concluded that the variable of distance and the number of wages were giving significant effect on women’s labor participation rate.
Characteristics of Casein–Chitosan Edible Coating and Its Preservative Effect in Meat during Accelerated Storage
Authors: Apriliyani M W , Rahayu P P , Andriani R D , Manab A , Purwadi  , Sawitri M E , Utama D T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Meat is one of perishable foods that should be handled hygienically to preserve its quality. Edible coating containing antibacterial agent can be used for preserving meat by providing a barrier against microbial contamination. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of edible coating made from casein-chitosan (CC) and casein-chitosan modified (CCM) on preserving the quality of meat during accelerated storage test. The coating solutions were characterized in terms of their composition (carbohydrate, protein, fat, moisture content, pH, Aw, and antioxidant capacity) in order to optimize coatings composition, then applied to the meat for accelerated storage test for 24, 120, 216, and 312 h at 7°C. The carbohydrate, protein, fat, ash, moisture content, pH, aw, and antioxidant capacity of CCM edible coating were different with those of CC edible coating. CCM edible coating showed better antioxidant effect than CC but showed comparable antimicrobial capacity in meat during accelerated storage. Therefore, CCM edible coating could be used to preserve meat.
Effects of Garlic Flour (Allium sativum) and Pecan Oil (Aleurites mollucana) Combination in Feeding Against Egg’s Performance and Quality from the MB 402 Egg-Layers
Authors: Leke J R , Wantansen E , Sompi F N , Kawatu M , Telleng  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The research is purposed to examine effects of garlic flour (Allium Sativum) and pecan oil (Aleurites Mollucana) combination in feeding against egg’s performance and quality from the MB 402 egg-layers. 200 egg-layers of the MB 402 were taken as samples in this research. Complete Randomized Design was utilized for 5 treatments and repetitions. Each of repetitions contained 8 egg-layers of the MB 402. Then, the treatment used was as follows: P0 = 100 % of Basal Feed (PB), P1 = 95% of Basal Diet (BD)+ 4% Garlic Flour ( GF) + 1% of pecan oil (PO); P2 = 95% of Basal Diet (BD) + 3 % (GF) +2 % (PO), P3 = 95% of Basal Diet (BD) + 2 % (GF) + 3% (PO), P4 = 95 % of Basal Diet (BD) + 1 % (GF) + 4 % (PO). Additionally, variables observed comprised of egg’s protein, albumen protein, cholesterol, and egg shell’s calcium and phosphor. As result, this research finds that combination of garlic flour and pecan oil in feeding up to 1% GF and 4 % PO demonstrated significant difference (P < 0,01) against egg’s albumen, protein and cholesterol, and egg shell’s calcium and phosphor, but it did not give significant effect (P > 0,05) against egg’s yolk protein. In conclusion, 1 % GF + 4% of garlic flour and pecan oil respectively, in feeding can improve egg’s albumen protein, cholesterol, and egg shell’s calcium and phosphor, but not provide similar effect on egg’s yolk protein.
Effect of Using Different Levels of Cassava Meal on Nutrient Intake, Fiber Digestibility and Body Condition Score in Crossbreed Limousin Bulls
Authors: Retnaningrum S , Kusmartono  , Mashudi  , Harper K J , Poppi D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
An experiment was conducted in Malang, East Java-Indonesia to evaluate the effect of using cassava meal in the diet at levels of 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 % on feed intake, fiber digestibility and profit margin in crossbreed Limousin bulls. In this trial, thirty crossbred Limousin bulls were allocated to a completely randomized block design with 6 blocks based on initial body weight and 5 treatments based on cassava meal level in the diet. The result of this research shows that the level of cassava meal significantly affected (P<0.05) on nutrient intake, fiber digestibility and body condition score (BCS). Treatment with 40% cassava meal had the highest nutrient intake, fiber digestibility and profit margin. The treatment with 70% cassava meal level had the lowest nutrient intake, fiber digestibility and BCS. It was concluded that a high level (>40%) of cassava meal in the diet reduced nutrient intake, fiber digestibilty and causing low BCS.