bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amoebic Liver Abscesses in Fiji: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation and Comparison of Percutaneous Aspiration and Percutaneous Catheter Drainage
Authors: Vakamacawai Esala , McCaig Eddie , Waqainabete Ifereimi , Cox Michael R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAmoebic liver abscess (ALA) is a common clinical problem in tropical countries related to poor sanitation. The epidemiology and clinical presentation of ALA in Fiji has not been previously described. It is unclear whether percutaneous aspiration (PA) or percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) has better outcomes.PurposeThe aims were to describe the epidemiology and clinical presentation of ALA in Fiji and to compare the outcomes of PA and PCD for treatment of ALA.MethodsA retrospective case note review of patients treated with either PA or PCD between 2010 and 2015 was performed. Indications for intervention were ALA > 5 cm, ALA in the left lateral lobe, risk of imminent rupture and failure to respond to medical treatment.ResultsThere were 262 patients, 90% were male, 92.9% I‐Taukei ethnicity and 86.2% regular recreational kava drinkers. Most presented with upper abdominal pain and fevers. The majority (90.3%) had a single abscess with 87.8% being in the right lobe. 174 (66.4%) had LA and 88 (33.6%) had PCD. There was an unintended selection bias for PA in abscess with a volume of <1 litre. PA was associated with a more rapid resolution of fever and shorter hospital stay, more rapid resolution of the cavity and no morbidity. PCD had five complications, one bleed and four bile leaks. There was no mortality in either group.ConclusionsALA in Fiji occurs in I‐Taukei males who drink kava. PA appears to offer equivalent if not better outcomes for treatment of ALA.
The Effect of Resection Margin Distance and Invasive Component Size on Recurrence After Sublobar Resection in Patients With Small (≤2 Cm) Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Moon Youngkyu , Park Jae Kil , Lee Kyo Young 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhen performing sublobar resection for lung cancer, the margin distance should exceed the tumor size. However, instead of total tumor size, the 8th edition TNM staging system has adopted the size of invasive component for the T stage. The aim of this study was to determine whether the prognosis was satisfactory when the resection margin distance was greater than the invasive component size instead of the total tumor size.MethodsFrom 2008 to 2017, 193 consecutive patients were diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma (invasive component size ≤2 cm) and underwent sublobar resection. We analyzed risk factors for recurrence using clinicopathological factors including margin/invasive component ratio (resection margin distance/invasive component size).ResultsMean tumor size was 1.4 (±0.5) cm and the mean invasive component size was 0.8 cm (±0.5). In the multivariate analysis, neither resection margin distance (cm) nor margin/tumor ratio (resection margin distance/tumor size) was significant risk factors for recurrence. On the other hand, the margin/invasive component ratio (hazard ratio =0.035, p = 0.043) and the SUVmax (hazard ratio =1.993, p = 0.033) were significant risk factors for recurrence.ConclusionsWhen sublobar resection is performed for small (invasive component size ≤2 cm) adenocarcinomas of the lung, the resection margin distance should be larger than the invasive component size. Sublobar resection is not an appropriate treatment for lung adenocarcinoma with high SUVmax.
Diagnostic performance of tomoelastography of the liver and spleen for staging hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Reiter Rolf , Tzschätzsch Heiko , Schwahofer Florian , Haas Matthias , Bayerl Christian , Muche Marion , Klatt Dieter , Majumdar Shreyan , Uyanik Meltem , Hamm Bernd , Braun Jürgen , Sack Ingolf , Asbach Patrick 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the diagnostic performance, cut-off values, and optimal drive frequency range for staging hepatic fibrosis using tomoelastography by multifrequency MR elastography of the liver and spleen.

Methods
This prospective study consecutively enrolled a total of 61 subjects between June 2014 and April 2017: 45 patients with chronic liver disease and proven stage of fibrosis and 16 healthy volunteers. Tomoelastography was performed at 1.5 T using six drive frequencies from 35 to 60 Hz. Cut-off values and AUC were calculated. Shear wave speed (in m/s) of the liver and spleen was assessed separately and in combination as a surrogate of stiffness.

Results
For compound multifrequency processing of the liver, cut-off and AUC values by fibrosis stage were as follows: F1, 1.52 m/s and 0.89; F2, 1.55 m/s and 0.94; F3, 1.67 m/s and 0.98; and F4, 1.72 m/s and 0.98. Diagnostic performance of the best single drive frequencies (45 Hz, 55 Hz, 60 Hz) was similar (mean AUC = 0.95, respectively). Combined analysis of the liver and spleen slightly improved performance at 60 Hz in F4 patients (mean AUC = 0.97 vs. 0.95, p = 0.03). Full-field-of-view elastograms displayed not only the liver and spleen but also small anatomical structures including the pancreas and major vessels.

Conclusion
Tomoelastography provides full-field-of-view elastograms with unprecedented detail resolution and excellent diagnostic accuracy for staging hepatic fibrosis. Our analysis of single-frequency tomoelastography suggests that scan time can be further reduced in future studies, making tomoelastography easier to implement in clinical routine.

Key Points
• Tomoelastography provides full-field-of-view elastograms of the abdomen with unprecedented detail resolution and excellent diagnostic accuracy for staging hepatic fibrosis.
• Diagnostic performance of single-frequency tomoelastography at higher frequencies (45 Hz, 55 Hz, 60 Hz) and compound multifrequency processing are equivalent for staging hepatic fibrosis.
• Combined assessment of hepatic and splenic stiffness slightly improves diagnostic performance for staging hepatic fibrosis.
An experimental study of the effects of lobed nozzles on installed jet noise
Authors: Lyu Benshuai , Dowling Ann P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Jet noise remains a significant aircraft noise contributor, and for modern high-bypass-ratio aero-engines the strong interaction between the jet and aircraft wing leads to intensified installed jet noise. An experiment is carried out in this paper to study the effects of lobed nozzles on installed jet noise. It is found that the lobed nozzles, compared to round nozzles, have similar effects on installed jet noise for all the plate positions and Mach numbers tested. On the shielded side of the plate, the use of lobed nozzles leads to a noise reduction in the intermediate- and high-frequency regimes, which is thought to be due to a combination of enhanced jet mixing and more effective shielding effects by the flat plate. On the reflected side of the plate, noise reduction is only achieved in the intermediate frequency range; the little noise reduction or a slight noise increase observed in the high-frequency regime is likely due to enhanced jet mixing. On both sides of the plates, little noise reduction is achieved for the low-frequency noise due to the scattering of jet instability waves. This is likely to be caused by the fact that lobed nozzles cause negligible change to the dominant mode 0 (axisymmetric) jet instability waves. That the jet mean flow quickly becomes axisymmetric downstream of the jet exit could also play a role.

Graphic abstract
Survival in treated idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Andrén Kerstin , Wikkelsø Carsten , Sundström Nina , Israelsson Hanna , Agerskov Simon , Laurell Katarina , Hellström Per , Tullberg Mats 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
To describe survival and causes of death in 979 treated iNPH patients from the Swedish Hydrocephalus Quality Registry (SHQR), and to examine the influence of comorbidities, symptom severity and postoperative outcome.

Methods
All 979 patients operated for iNPH 2004–2011 and registered in the SHQR were included. A matched control group of 4890 persons from the general population was selected by Statistics Sweden. Data from the Swedish Cause of Death Registry was obtained for patients and controls.

Results
At a median 5.9 (IQR 4.2–8.1) year follow-up, 37% of the iNPH patients and 23% of the controls had died. Mortality was increased in iNPH patients by a hazard ratio of 1.81, 95% CI 1.61–2.04, p < 0.001. More pronounced symptoms in the preoperative ordinal gait scale and the Mini-mental State Examination were the most important independent predictors of mortality along with the prevalence of heart disease. Patients who improved in both the gait scale and in the modified Rankin Scale postoperatively (n = 144) had a similar survival as the general population (p = 0.391). Deaths due to cerebrovascular disease or dementia were more common in iNPH patients, while more controls died because of neoplasms or disorders of the circulatory system.

Conclusions
Mortality in operated iNPH patients is 1.8 times increased compared to the general population, a lower figure than previously reported. The survival of iNPH patients who improve in gait and functional independence is similar to that of the general population, indicating that shunt surgery for iNPH, besides improving symptoms and signs, can normalize survival.
Heterogeneity of executive functions among preschool children with psychiatric symptoms
Authors: Teivaanmäki Sini , Huhdanpää Hanna , Kiuru Noona , Aronen Eeva T. , Närhi Vesa , Klenberg Liisa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between internalizing and externalizing symptoms and deficits in executive functions (EF) as well as to examine the overall heterogeneity of EFs in a sample of preschool children attending a psychiatric clinic (n = 171). First, based on cut-off points signifying clinical levels of impairment on the parent-completed Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), children were assigned into groups of internalizing, externalizing, combined or mild symptoms and compared to a reference group (n = 667) with regard to day care teacher ratings of EFs on the Attention and Executive Function Rating Inventory-Preschool (ATTEX-P). Second, latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to identify distinct subgroups of children representing different EF profiles with unique strengths and weaknesses in EFs. The first set of analyses indicated that all symptom groups had more difficulties in EFs than the reference group did, and the internalizing group had less inhibition-related problems than the other symptom groups did. Using LPA, five EF profiles were identified: average, weak average, attentional problems, inhibitory problems, and overall problems. The EF profiles were significantly associated with gender, maternal education level, and psychiatric symptom type. Overall, the findings suggest that the comparison of means of internalizing and externalizing groups mainly captures the fairly obvious differences in inhibition-related domains among young psychiatric outpatient children, whereas the person-oriented approach, based on individual differences, identifies heterogeneity related to attentional functions, planning, and initiating one’s action. The variability in EF difficulties suggests that a comprehensive evaluation of a child’s EF profile is important regardless of the type of psychiatric symptoms the child presents with.
Hinge/floating craniotomy as an alternative technique for cerebral decompression: a scoping review
Authors: Layard Horsfall Hugo , Mohan Midhun , Devi B. Indira , Adeleye Amos O. , Shukla Dhaval P. , Bhat Dhananjaya , Khan Mukhtar , Clark David J. , Chari Aswin , Servadei Franco , Khan Tariq , Rubiano Andres M. , Hutchinson Peter J. , Kolias Angelos G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHinge craniotomy (HC) is a technique that allows for a degree of decompression whilst retaining the bone flap in situ, in a ‘floating’ or ‘hinged’ fashion. This provides expansion potential for ensuing cerebral oedema whilst obviating the need for cranioplasty in the future. The exact indications, technique and outcomes of this procedure have yet to be determined, but it is likely that HC provides an alternative technique to decompressive craniectomy (DC) in certain contexts. The primary objective was to collate and describe the current evidence base for HC, including perioperative parameters, functional outcomes and complications. The secondary objective was to identify current nomenclature, operative technique and operative decision-making. A scoping review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR Checklist. Fifteen studies totalling 283 patients (mean age 45.1 and M:F 199:46) were included. There were 12 different terms for HC. The survival rate of the cohort was 74.6% (n = 211). Nine patients (3.2%) required subsequent formal DC. Six studies compared HC to DC following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke, finding at least equivalent control of intracranial pressure (ICP). These studies also reported reduced rates of complications, including infection, in HC compared to DC. We have described the current evidence base of HC. There is no evidence of substantially worse outcomes compared to DC, although no randomised trials were identified. Eventually, a randomised trial will be useful to determine if HC should be offered as first-line treatment when indicated.
Coupled Thermal-Mechanical Progressive Damage Model with Strain and Heating Rate Effects for Lightning Strike Damage Assessment
Authors: Millen S. L. J. , Murphy A. , Catalanotti G. , Abdelal G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a progressive damage model incorporating strain and heating rate effects for the prediction of composite specimen damage resulting from simulated lightning strike test conditions. A mature and robust customised failure model has been developed. The method used a scaling factor approach and non-linear degradation models from published works to modify the material moduli, strength and stiffness properties to reflect the effects of combined strain and thermal loading. Hashin/Puck failure criteria was used prior to progressive damage modelling of the material. Each component of the method was benchmarked against appropriate literature. A three stage modelling framework was demonstrated where an initial plasma model predicts specimen surface loads (electrical, thermal, pressure); a coupled thermal-electric model predicts specimen temperature resulting from the electrical load; and a third, dynamic, coupled temperature-displacement, explicit model predicts the material state due to the thermal load, the resulting thermal-expansion and the lightning plasma applied pressure loading. Unprotected specimen damage results were presented for two SAE lightning test Waveforms (B & A); with the results illustrating how thermal and mechanical damage behaviour varied with waveform duration and peak current.
Data-driven Koopman operator approach for computational neuroscience
Authors: Marrouch Natasza , Slawinska Joanna , Giannakis Dimitrios , Read Heather L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article presents a novel, nonlinear, data-driven signal processing method, which can help neuroscience researchers visualize and understand complex dynamical patterns in both time and space. Specifically, we present applications of a Koopman operator approach for eigendecomposition of electrophysiological signals into orthogonal, coherent components and examine their associated spatiotemporal dynamics. This approach thus provides enhanced capabilities over conventional computational neuroscience tools restricted to analyzing signals in either the time or space domains. This is achieved via machine learning and kernel methods for data-driven approximation of skew-product dynamical systems. The approximations successfully converge to theoretical values in the limit of long embedding windows. First, we describe the method, then using electrocorticographic (ECoG) data from a mismatch negativity experiment, we extract time-separable frequencies without bandpass filtering or prior selection of wavelet features. Finally, we discuss in detail two of the extracted components, Beta ($ \sim $∼13 Hz) and high Gamma ($ \sim $∼50 Hz) frequencies, and explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of high- and low- frequency components.
Sprego: case study on the effectiveness of teaching spreadsheet management with schema construction
Authors: Csapó Gábor , Csernoch Mária , Abari Kálmán 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the modern, information driven society managing and handling data is unavoidable. The most common form of data handling is to organize data into tables and complete operations on them in spreadsheets. Sprego (Spreadsheet Lego) is a programming-oriented methodology focusing on schemata construction and authentic problem-solving working with only a limited number of general-purpose functions. In our current study the goal is to present Sprego as an alternative method for spreadsheeting, and to measure its effectiveness in education compared to the traditional surface approach methods. We also aim to highlight the advantages of teaching datamanagement, spreadsheeting, and introduction to programming by applying an algorithmic and schemata centric method in a user-friendly interface. The teaching and testing were carried out in three classes of a local middle and high school with two experimental and one control groups. Based on our results, it is found that the Sprego methodology is significantly more effective than the traditional surface approach methods. Furthermore, it is also proved, in accordance with similar studies in sciences, that students, who had studied traditional spreadsheet management in advance to this experience, have difficulties switching to Sprego. Although these students alternate between the two approaches, our measurements clearly prove that the traditional approach is pushed into the background, as students prefer to solve problems using Sprego. Our findings also imply that traditional methods do not develop long-lasting knowledge which students could rely on, and have a negative effect on their development, while Sprego seems much more reliable.
Design Fire Characteristics for Probabilistic Assessments of Dwellings in England
Authors: Hopkin Charlie , Spearpoint Michael , Wang Yong , Hopkin Danny 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In England, there are no fixed requirements on the parameters adopted when considering residential design fires, and analyses undertaken are often deterministic with limited consideration given to probabilistic assessments and the sensitivity of parameters. The Home Office dwelling fires dataset has been analysed, considering the fire damage area and the time from ignition to fire and rescue service arrival. From this, lognormal distributions for the maximum heat release rate (HRR) and fire growth rate of residential fires have been approximated. The mean maximum HRR ranges from 900 kW to 1900 kW, with a standard deviation ranging from 2000 kW to 3700 kW, depending on property type and room of fire origin. The mean growth rate, assuming a t2 relationship, ranges from 0.0022 kW/s2 to 0.0034 kW/s2, with a standard deviation ranging from 0.0071 kW/s2 to 0.0132 kW/s2. When considering incidents which result in immediate fire and rescue service call out following ignition, the mean growth rate increases to a range of 0.0058 kW/s2 to 0.0088 kW/s2. As a result of the analyses, design fire distributions are provided which can be adopted for probabilistic assessments. For deterministic analyses, it is proposed that an approximate 95th percentile fire may be adopted, aligning with a medium growth rate of 0.0117 kW/s2 and a maximum fuel-limited HRR in the region of 3800 kW to 4400 kW, depending on whether the dwelling is a house or an apartment. A 95th percentile design fire broadly aligns with values already specified in guidance, helping to substantiate the existing recommendations.
Biomass and phycocyanin content of heterotrophic Galdieria sulphuraria 074G under maltodextrin and granular starches–feeding conditions
Authors: Rahman Delicia Yunita , Sarian Fean Davisunjaya , van der Maarel Marc J. E. C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA major disadvantage of microalgal cultivation is limited biomass yields due to the autotrophic lifestyle of most microalgal species. Heterotrophic growth on a suitable carbon source and oxygen can overcome such limitations. The red microalgaGaldieria sulphurariastrain 074G grows heterotrophically on glucose and a number of other carbon sources while constitutively producing photopigments, including the blue-colored phycocyanin, a natural food colorant.Galdieria sulphurariastrain 074G grew well on maltodextrins as well as on granular starch in combination with the enzyme cocktail Stargen002. The maltodextrin cultures produced 2 mg phycocyanin per gram substrate, being slightly more than on glucose. The phycocyanin extracted from maltodextrin-grown cultures was thermostable up to 55 °C. Maltodextrins can be a cheap alternative to glucose syrups for the production of phycocyanin as natural food colorant.
Remarks on Barnette’s conjecture
Authors: Florek Jan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Let P be a cubic 3-connected bipartite plane graph having a 2-factor which consists only of facial 4-cycles, and suppose that $$P^{*}$$P∗ is the dual graph. We show that P has at least $$3^{\left\lceil \frac{2|P^{*}|}{\varDelta ^{2}{(P^{*})}}\right\rceil }$$32|P∗|Δ2(P∗) different Hamilton cycles.
Influence of the increased content of Calumite blast-furnace slag on the melting of sodium–calcium–silicate glass
Authors: Kuśnierz Anna A. , Szumera Magdalena , Kosmal Magda , Pichniarczyk Paweł 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A glass set with a high content of blast-furnace slag and a reduced amount of traditional raw materials requires optimization of the raw material composition and adjustment of its specificity to the temperature regime of melting, homogenizing and clarifying the glass mass. The introduction of an increased amount of blast-furnace slag allows to reduce the cost of raw materials: soda, limestone and high-class sand, reduce energy costs, whose consumption significantly decreases and reduces CO2 emissions in line with EU requirements. The tests of thermal analysis of a glass set with different contents of Calumite are aimed at learning the mechanism of its operation by determining the changes caused by its different presence in the course of subsequent reactions between the components of the glass set. Analysis of the influence of the addition of different Calumite slag contents treated as a substitute for the raw material on the melting process of glassware sets was analyzed. The tests were carried out using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TG) based on the model glass [mass%]: 73.0% SiO2, 1.0% Al2O3, 10.0% CaO, 2.0% MgO and 14.0% Na2O. The effect of combining Calumite with sulphate and multi-component fining agent—mixtures of As2O3, Sb2O3, NaNO3 in proportions of 1:1:1 for chemical reaction and phase transformation, was investigated.
The Affective Creativity of a Couple in Dementia Care
Authors: Jeong Jong-min 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe capacity to feel and express themselves in response to worldly surroundings is a defining feature of who a person living with dementia is, and can have profound effects on the ways in which they think, act and express creativity. Drawing on a year of intensive collaborative work with residents living with dementia in an Orthodox Jewish care home in London, I extend our perceptions and understandings of how a couple experiences their day-to-day lives, with particular attention paid to their affective practice in creativity. I demonstrate how the affective creativity of the couple emerges, circulates, and transforms as a spouse’s dementia develops, whilst feeling bodies continuously (re)make relations and familiarize themselves with the immediate surroundings through the making of artworks.