bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A connectomics approach to understanding a retinal disease
Authors: Zucker Charles L. , Bernstein Paul S. , Schalek Richard L. , Lichtman Jeff W. , Dowling John E. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Macular degenerations of the retina are a leading cause of legal blindness (visual acuity less than 20/200) globally, and we know little about what causes them. Here we describe electron microscopic observations from the retina of a woman suffering from a rare form of macular degeneration called macular telangiectasia (MacTel). We observed specific changes in mitochondria, the organelle providing energy-rich molecules to cells. The mitochondrial changes likely link to a degeneration of retinal Müller (glial) cells, which we also observed, and serine, an amino acid the Müller cells synthesize which is required for mitochondrial structure and function in all retinal cell types.
Optimization method of on-machine inspection sampling points based on surface complexity
Authors: Lu Xincheng , Sheng Buyun , Wang Hui , Luo Ruiping , Fu Gaocai 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
On-machine inspection (OMI) technology can improve the machining quality and detection efficiency of mechanical parts. The quantity of inspection points in the process of OMI is related to the inspection efficiency and data processing; it also affects the layout of inspection points. In this paper, the concept of surface complexity is proposed to replace the complex calculation of curvature, and the algorithm of surface complexity suitable for the mesh model is established to simplify the curvature calculation method in accordance with the changing trend of surface curvature. A multi-parameter radial basis function neural network including surface complexity is constructed, the advantage of the neural network in data processing is used to generate surface inspection points, and the changing trends of surface fitting accuracy under different numbers of inspection points are compared to verify the method in this paper. The experimental results show that the surface complexity can be used to quickly approximate the curvature of the surface and accords with the changing trend of the curvature. At the same time, the analysis results of the number of neural network inspection points meet the requirements of fitting accuracy.
Cost-function testing methodology for image-based registration of endoscopy to CT images in the head and neck
Authors: Shi Runjie B , Mirza Souzan , Martinez Diego , Douglas Catriona , Cho John , Irish Jonathon C , Jaffray David A , Weersink Robert A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
One of the largest geometric uncertainties in designing radiotherapy treatment plans for squamous cell cancers of the head and neck is contouring the gross tumor volume. We have previously described a method of projecting mucosal disease contours, visible on endoscopy, to volumetrically reconstructed planning computed tomography (CT) datasets, using electromagnetic (EM) tracking of a flexible endoscope, enabling rigid registration between endoscopic and CT images.
However, to achieve better accuracy for radiotherapy planning, we propose refining this initial registration with image-based registration methods. In this paper, several types of cost functions are evaluated based on accuracy and robustness. Three phantoms and eight clinical cases are used to test each cost function, with initial registration of endoscopy to CT provided by the pose of the flexible endoscope recovered from EM tracking. Cost function classes include: cross correlation, mutual information and gradient methods. For each test case, a ground truth virtual camera pose was first defined by manual registration of anatomical features visible in both real and virtual endoscope images. A new set of evenly spaced fiducial points and a sample contour were created and projected onto the CT image to be used in assessing image registration quality. A new set of 5000 displaced poses was generated by random sampling displacements along each translational and rotational dimension. At each pose, fiducial and contour points in the real image were again projected on the CT image. The cost function, fiducial registration error and contouring error values were then calculated.
While all cost functions performed well in select cases, only the normalized gradient field function consistently had registration errors less than 2 mm, which is the accuracy needed if this application of registering mucosal disease identified on optical image to CT images is to be used in the clinical practice of radiation treatment planning.
(Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02704169)
Satellite-based measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
Authors: Liang Wentao , Jiao Rongzhen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A satellite-based measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution model is proposed and its performance is analyzed through numerical simulations. The simulation result shows that the key rate increases almost linearly as transmittance increases and the higher the key rate is, the lower its probability may be. More significantly, as the transmission distance increases, the optimal intensities of the signal states decrease while those of the decoy states increase. The optimal values in the daytime are slightly larger than those at night. This work may provide some important parameters for the relevant experiment on satellite-based quantum communication network.
Anode supported SOFC fabricated with functional anode: role of variation of fuel and oxidants
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Madhumita , Das Sharma Abhijit , Mukhopadhyay Jayanta 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The present study focuses on the efficacy of core-shell nickel (Ni) @ stabilized zirconia (SZ) functional anode towards the oxidation of both hydrogen and reformed methane as fuel in presences of steam as one of the important component. The redox reaction is processed by adsorption on anode catalyst followed by decomposition and charge transfer reaction. This is further accelerated by the extension of triple phase boundary (TPB) regions (Ni/SZ/gas) within (intra-) and inter-anode involving electrolyte. Core-shell Ni@SZ cermet enables the extension of TPB regions in contrast to conventional matrix. Authors have reported four configurations for anode support, wherein the layered structure involving conventional Ni-SZ is placed at the fuel side and layers of Ni@SZ on the top. The thin anode layer in vicinity to the electrolyte with optimized Ni content of 28/32 vol % acts as the primary electrocatalytic layer and shows a maximum current density of ∼4 A.cm−2@0.7 V, 800°C with moist hydrogen as fuel. Multifuel capability in the cell with similar functional anode is demonstrated using 20 % reformed methane with optimum steam/carbon ratio (2:1) having current density of ∼ 1.13 A.cm−2 under similar condition. The findings are correlated using impedence spectroscopy and corroborated with morphological findings.
Electromagnetically induced transparency in Y-type atomic system
Authors: Mal Kalan , Islam Khairul , Mondal Suman , Bhattacharyya Dipankar , Bandyopadhyay Amitava 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Probe field propagation through a four-level Y-type system is studied analytically under steady state condition by using density matrix formulation. The probe field scans the intermediate state from the ground state whereas two other coherent radiation fields, namely the control field and the coupling field, are set to couple two different excited states from the intermediate energy level. Under Doppler free condition, simulated probe absorption shows single or twin EIT windows depending on whether the control and the coupling field are on-resonant or detuned. Under Doppler broadened condition, the residual Doppler averaging due to wavelength mismatch between the probe field and the control field as well as that between the probe field and the coupling field plays significant role in the formation of transparency window.
A theoretical investigation on tetra-quark states in the context of composite fermion model of diquark
Authors: Pal Shukla , Ghosh Rismita , Bhattacharya Aparajita , Chakrabarti Ballari 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The masses of the tetra-quark states

(
q
q

q
¯

q
¯

)

have been investigated in the framework of diquark [qq] anti-diquark

[

q
¯

q
¯

]

configuration where the diquarks (anti-diquarks) are described by the Composite Fermion Model. The tetra-quark masses of several particles such as f
0(1370), K (1460), D (2632), Y (4143), Zc
(4430) and Tcc
(3797) have been investigated. The higher state masses of these have also been studied using Mass Loaded Flux Tube Model. Their Regge trajectories for different angular momenta have been drawn indicating their masses at L=0. These estimated masses for L=0 compare favorably with their experimental ground state masses. The corresponding string tensions are estimated. The slope of the Regge Trajectories (RT) are extracted and it is observed that RT slope shows a non-linear behavior.
Spin selective transmission through a multi-terminal Rashba ring with AAH modulation
Authors: Mukherjee Abhra , Dey Moumita , Maiti Santanu K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
For the first time we explore spin selective electron transmission through a multi-terminal nano ring subjected to Rashba spin-orbit coupling and magnetic flux, in presence of cosine modulation. The modulation is taken in the form of well known Aubry-Andre or Harper model which is associated with a phase factor that can be tuned externally with a suitable setup. Describing the quantum systems within a tight-binding framework, we compute the results based on the Green’s function formalism. Our results suggest that a large degree of spin polarization along with a phase reversal can be achieved by regulating the physical parameters associated with the system. The present analysis provides several important features that may be utilized to investigate spin dependent transport in other mutli-terminal geometries with similar kind of cosine modulation.
Correlation between defect and magnetism of low energy 800 keV Ar4+ irradiated ZnO thin films
Authors: Neogi S. K. , Bandyopadhyay S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Present work demonstrates ion beam irradiation induced modification in physical properties of ZnO thin films prepared by sol-gel spin coating technique.Different fluenceviz: 5x1014, 1015, 5x1015 and 1016 ions/cm2 were chosen for irradiation.Measurements of structural, optical and magnetic properties of these films have been performed. XRD patterns of the films exhibits wurzite structure ZnO. Optical transmittances of these films were recorded in the wavelength range of 250-1000 nm, and band gap of the respective films have been estimated. Irradiated films did not show significant degradation in the crystalline structure however a noticeable shift of band edge with fluence has been observed and explained. Pristine ZnO film exhibits diamagnetic behaviour at room temperature. However prominent hysteresis has been observed for lowest fluence (5x1014 ions/cm2) irradiated films. The correlation between defects and ferromagnetism has been established in this work.
An investigation to study the effects of cyclic-AMP to cAMP receptor protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis by computational approach
Authors: Bhakta Swarnav , Saha Abinit 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, CRPMt or Rv3676 is a global transcriptional regulator which shares several structural and functional features with the CRP protein of Escherichia coli. CRPMt or Mtb CRP is also a homodimeric protein consists of an N terminal cAMP binding domain and C terminal DNA binding domain. In spite of having such high sequence identity with E. coli CRP, M.tuberculosis CRP differs in several aspects from this prototype. Moreover, it has also been reported that binding of cAMP to Mtb CRP induces a relatively small enhancement in specific DNA-binding by this protein. However, the main differences between CRP and CRPMt become more apparent when comparing their functional dependence on cAMP binding. CRP cannot bind DNA in the absence of cAMP, which causes elaborate conformational changes that position the HTH domains for DNA binding. In contrast, CRPMt shows specific DNA binding at most sites even in the absence of cAMP, although direct binding of cAMP to CRPMt enhances its DNA binding affinity ∼2-fold. So, the significance of the presence of cAMP binding pocket in CRPMt is still somewhat poorly understood. A long-standing question has been whether or not cAMP binding alone can cause CRPMt to activate its cognate promoter. As an attempt to answer this question, we have done several docking experiments of Apo and ligand bound protein from MTb to its cognate promoter and analyze the results accordingly. We have also compared our docking experiment of Mtb CRP with E. coli CRP to have a wholesome idea about the conformational changes occurred by cAMP to Mtb CRP. Preliminary results from these studies are also included in this work.
What chance of a sudden stratospheric warming in the southern hemisphere?
Authors: Wang L , Hardiman S C , Bett P E , Comer R E , Kent C , Scaife A A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are amongst the most dramatic events in the Earth’s atmosphere and they drive extreme surface weather conditions. They have been recently linked to the hot and dry weather conditions that favour wildfires over Australia. However, the chance of a southern hemisphere event is unknown because it has only been observed once. Legitimate estimation of the frequency of SSW events requires a large sample of realistic model simulations. Here we show that the chance of an event is close to 4% per year, implying that an event will occur, on average, every 25 yr, using a state-of-the-art model that simulates SSWs accurately. It is thus not surprising that there was a near miss in the September prior to the Australian wildfire of 2019, given the 40 yr of comprehensive satellite records and just one observed Antarctic event. According to this new estimate, it would also not be surprising to see a second SSW event in the coming years in the southern hemisphere. Such a stratospheric warming event might bring further extreme surface weather conditions and natural hazards, as it may raise the risk of increased rainfall in the latitudinal band of 35–50°S. Meanwhile, the associated hot and dry weather conditions over austral subtropical continents might increase the risk of wildfires over these regions.
Irreversibility analysis in Marangoni forced convection flow of second grade fluid
Authors: Khan Sohail A , Hayat T , Alsaedi Ahmed , Zai Q M Zaigham 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Marangoni forced convective MHD flow of second grade liquid is scrutinized. Heat source/sink, Joule heating and dissipation are addressed in energy equation. Physical aspects of entropy optimization with binary chemical reaction are addressed. Energy and entropy expressions are computed. Marangoni convection influenced on the surface pressure difference is calculated through temperature gradient, magnetic field and concentration gradient. Nonlinear PDE’s are reduced to ordinary one through suitable variables. Nonlinear system is computed for convergent solution by employing of OHAM. Characteristics of different influential parameters on entropy generation, concentration, temperature, Bejan number and velocity are graphically deliberated. Velocity enhances via Marangoni ratio parameter. Velocity and temperature have reverse effects for higher approximation of magnetic variable. For higher second grade fluid parameter the velocity is augmented. An increment occurs in temperature against higher values of Brinkman number and fluid parameter. Concentration decrease versus higher Marangoni ratio parameter. Entropy optimization upsurges for rising values of fluid parameters. Some relevant applications of Marangoni convection effect include atomic reactor, semiconductor processing, thin-film stretching, silicon wafers, soap films, material sciences, nanotechnology and applied physics etc. Entropy supports to progress the importance of numerous engineering and electronic devices development.
Fractional deep neural network via constrained optimization
Authors: Antil Harbir , Khatri Ratna , Löhner Rainald , Verma Deepanshu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel algorithmic framework for a deep neural network (DNN), which in a mathematically rigorous manner, allows us to incorporate history (or memory) into the network—it ensures all layers are connected to one another. This DNN, called Fractional-DNN, can be viewed as a time-discretization of a fractional in time non-linear ordinary differential equation (ODE). The learning problem then is a minimization problem subject to that fractional ODE as constraints. We emphasize that an analogy between the existing DNN and ODEs, with standard time derivative, is well-known by now. The focus of our work is the Fractional-DNN. Using the Lagrangian approach, we provide a derivation of the backward propagation and the design equations. We test our network on several datasets for classification problems. Fractional-DNN offers various advantages over the existing DNN. The key benefits are a significant improvement to the vanishing gradient issue due to the memory effect, and better handling of nonsmooth data due to the network’s ability to approximate non-smooth functions.
Conversion from paper to electronic acute care chemotherapy orders
Authors: Offei-nkansah Gerald , Amerine Lindsey B 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose
UNC Medical Center converted to an electronic health record (EHR) in 2014. This conversion allowed for the transition of paper chemotherapy orders to be managed electronically. This article describes the process for converting inpatient paper chemotherapy orders into the new EHR in a safe and effective manner.

Summary
A collaborative interdisciplinary approach to the EHR transition enabled our organization to move from using paper chemotherapy orders to fully electronic chemotherapy treatment plans in both ambulatory and acute care areas. Active chemotherapy orders for acute care inpatients were reviewed and transcribed by two oncology pharmacists in the cancer hospital prior to being signed by an attending physician. The newly input orders were independently verified by two pharmacists in the cancer hospital inpatient pharmacy. Nurse review of the signed and verified treatment plans, along with reconciliation of the medication administration record ensured a safe transition to the new EHR workflow. Providers benefit from the ability to review treatment plans remotely, track changes, and include supportive medications in one consolidated location. The coordinated team effort allowed for a smooth transition with minimal interruptions to patient care.

Conclusion
The pharmacist-led, multidisciplinary conversion to electronic chemotherapy orders was safe, accurate, and occurred ahead of schedule for the EHR go-live. Advance communication and planning around scheduled inpatient admissions helped to minimize the impact of the transition from paper to electronic treatment plans. Both pharmacist and physician engagement were necessary to ensure a smooth transition for active inpatient treatment plans.
Thin-skinned invaders: geographic variation in the structure of the skin among populations of cane toads (Rhinella marina)
Authors: Kosmala Georgia K , Brown Gregory P , Shine Richard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe structure of the skin may evolve rapidly during a biological invasion, for two reasons. First, novel abiotic challenges such as hydric conditions may modify selection of traits (such as skin thickness) that determine rates of evaporative water loss. Second, invaders might benefit from enhanced rates of dispersal, with locomotion possibly facilitated by thinner (and hence more flexible) skin. We quantified thickness of layers of the skin in cane toads (Rhinella marina) from the native range (Brazil), a stepping-stone population (Hawaii), and the invaded range in Australia. Overall, the skin is thinner in cane toads in Australia than in the native range, consistent with selection on mobility. However, layers that regulate water exchange (epidermal stratum corneum and dermal ground substance layer) are thicker in Australia, retarding water loss in hot dry conditions. Within Australia, epidermal thickness increased as the toads colonized more arid regions, but then decreased in the arid Kimberley region. That curvilinearity might reflect spatial sorting, whereby mobile (thin-skinned) individuals dominate the invasion front; or the toads’ restriction to moist sites in this arid landscape may reduce the importance of water-conservation. Further work is needed to clarify the roles of adaptation versus phenotypic plasticity in generating the strong geographic variation in skin structure among populations of cane toads.
Isolated tricuspid valve surgery: impact of aetiology and clinical presentation on outcomes
Authors: Dreyfus Julien , Flagiello Michele , Bazire Baptiste , Eggenspieler Florian , Viau Florence , Riant Elisabeth , Mbaki Yannick , Bohbot Yohann , Eyharts Damien , Senage Thomas , Dubrulle Henri , Nicol Martin , Doguet Fabien , Nguyen Virginia , Coisne Augustin , Le Tourneau Thierry , Lavie-Badie Yoan , Tribouilloy Christophe , Donal Erwan , Tomasi Jacques , Habib Gilbert , Selton-Suty Christine , Raffoul Richard , Iung Bernard , Obadia Jean-François , Messika-Zeitoun David 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to identify determinants of in-hospital and mid-term outcomes after isolated tricuspid valve surgery (ITVS) and more specifically the impact of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) mechanism and clinical presentation.

Methods and results
Among 5661 consecutive adult patients who underwent a tricuspid valve (TV) surgery at 12 French tertiary centres in 2007–2017 collected from a mandatory administrative database, we identified 466 patients (8% of all tricuspid surgeries) who underwent an ITVS. Most patients presented with advanced disease [47% in New York Heart Association (NYHA) III/IV, 57% with right-sided heart failure (HF) signs]. Tricuspid regurgitation was functional in 49% (22% with prior left-sided heart valve surgery and 27% isolated) and organic in 51% (infective endocarditis in 31% and other causes in 20%). In-hospital mortality and major complications rates were 10% and 31%, respectively. Rates of survival and survival free of HF readmission were 75% and 62% at 5 years. Patients with functional TR incurred a worse in-hospital mortality than those with organic TR (14% vs. 6%, P = 0.004), but presentation was more severe. Independent determinants of outcomes were NYHA Class III/IV [odd ratios (OR) = 2.7 (1.2–6.1), P = 0.01], moderate/severe right ventricular dysfunction [OR = 2.6 (1.2–5.8), P = 0.02], lower prothrombin time [OR = 0.98 (0.96–0.99), P = 0.008], and with borderline statistical significance, right-sided HF signs [OR = 2.4 (0.9–6.5), P = 0.06] while TR mechanism was not [OR = 0.7 (0.3–1.8), P = 0.88].

Conclusion
Isolated TV surgery was associated with high mortality and morbidity, both in hospital and during follow-up, predicted by the severity of the presentation but not by TR mechanism. Our results suggest that TV intervention should be performed earlier in the course of the disease.