bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Luminescence and Display Materials Division Outstanding Achievement Award) Fiat Lux
[1], or the Lighting Story of the Transition Metal and Rare Earth Ions
Authors: Brik Mikhail G. 
Published: December 2024

Nowadays getting artificial light is of paramount importance in all domains of human life. The story of the artificial light sources began with the invention of the incandescent lamps in the second half of the XIX century, followed by the fluorescent lamps and, finally, by discovery and development of the light emitting diodes (LED) in the end of the XX century. Modern LEDs have numerous advantages over their lighting predecessors: considerably longer life time, brightness, lower energy consumption, miniature size, flexibility etc. The lighting industry now is a very important sector of the world economy with huge ever-growing market. The main goal of the LED producers is to make the light sources that are able to produce light as close to the natural Sun light as possible.
The transition metal and rare earth ions with unfilled 3d and 4f electron shells, respectively, are vital components of the phosphor materials that have to be used in lighting devices for getting emission of different colors. Modern white LEDs are the phosphor-converted LEDs, based on the combination of the GaN (or GaInN) blue LED and one or two phosphor materials, that partially absorb blue light and convert it into emission of other colors (usually yellow and red), to make together white light.
In this presentation different theoretical models that are used to describe the electronic and optical properties of those 3d and 4f ions in optical materials will be discussed, with an emphasis on the transition metal ions with the 3d3 electron configuration (Cr3+ and Mn4+, in particular). Complicated interplay of electronic properties of impurity ions and host materials will be considered; the “structure-optical property” relationships will be considered. Some useful suggestions for tuning the optical properties of these ions in solids will be outlined.
[1] Let there be light (Latin)
Toward Semiconductor Laser Cooling Using CsPbBr3 Nanocrystal
Authors: Ding Yang , Zhang Zhuoming , Ghonge Sushrut , Kuno Masaru 
Published: December 2024

Photoexciting an emissive material can lead to refrigeration, a phenomenon known as laser cooling. Laser cooling relies on a highly efficient phonon-assisted single-photon up-conversion anti-Stokes photoluminescence (SP-ASPL). In practice, achieving laser cooling requires nearly perfect emission quantum yields (QYs) and SP-ASPL up-conversion efficiency.
CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) are promising for this purpose due to their near-perfect QYs and efficient SP-ASPL up-conversion. We've developed a consistent method to produce NCs with near-perfect QYs (QY>96%). Our nuclear magnetic resonance studies reveal that the close-packing surface is key to these high QYs. Further investigation of these NCs shows a near-unity SP-ASPL up-conversion efficiency (~100%) in our obtained CsPbBr3 NC, which does not follow the typical Arrhenius behavior. Our developed polaron model helps explain this phenomenon. These findings lay the groundwork for advancing laser cooling using CsPbBr3 NCs.
Siloxane-Encapsulated Perovskite Nanocrystal for Highly Stable Color-Converting Material in Displays
Authors: Jang Junho , Kim Young-Hoon , Shin Yongmin , Kwon Byoung-Hwa , Bae Byeong-Soo 
Published: December 2024

Perovskite Nanocrystals (PNCs) have emerged as a high-performance color-converting materials in displays because of low material cost, facile color tunability depending on size or composition, high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), and very narrow emission spectra, which allow them to achieve wide color gamut. Although they exhibit high optical performance, perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) are vulnerable to decomposition or aggregation in humid or high-temperature environments, stemming from ion migration and the development of metastable states. Stability of PNCs have been increased by various methods such as formation of an inorganic shell, Janus structures, and NC/polymer nanocomposites. However, such strategies still showed limited stability of PNCs under ambient air or in water and entail complex processes to prevent aggregation of NCs in polymer matrixes. Moreover, PNCs that are stable under harsh conditions (acid or base solutions, polar solvents, high temperature with high humidity) have not been reported. Especially methylammonium (CH3NH3
+, MA) based PNCs decay faster in the presence of moisture than do others such as formamidinium or cesium or mixed cation-based PNCs even it can be fabricated by simple process. Therefore, highly stable, and uniformly dispersed PNC composites without complex processes such as ligand-exchange and formation of an inorganic shell are desirable.
Herein, we report a simple but effective materials-design approach to achieve extraordinarily long stability of crosslinked MA lead bromide (MAPbBr3) NCs in various environments (air, water, chemicals, high temperature (85 °C) with high relative humidity (85%RH) (85 °C/85%RH)) by employing sol-gel derived methacrylate-functionalized siloxane hybrid matrix. The methacrylate in the siloxane matrix induces a chemical crosslinking with unsaturated hydrocarbon in acid (oleic acid) and base (oleylamine) ligands in PNCs at a molecular scale, to form a chemically crosslinked perovskite NCs with siloxane hybrid (CPN) that prevents decomposition of MA from the perovskites and achieves homogeneous distribution of NC in the siloxane matrix. Moreover, the low concentration of moisture that diffuses through the siloxane matrix during aging can chemically heal surface defects in the NCs, and thereby reduce nonradiative recombination in CPN. As a result, CPNs showed high PLQY of ≈70% which remained for >600 d in air, water and acid or base solutions, and various polar solvents, and for >100 d under 85 °C/85%RH. We demonstrate wide color gamut and stable color-converting white LEDs and OLEDs by integration with red-emissive Cd-based QDs. Moreover, water- and chemical-persistent CPNs were successfully applied to cell proliferation which has been impossible with water-sensitive materials with toxic elements (e.g., Cd and Pb).
Deep Eutectic Solvents As Novel Solvent-Electrolyte System for Electroreductive Transformations
Authors: Steffensen Astrid Kjær , Lundberg Helena , Riisager Anders 
Published: December 2024

Organic electrosynthesis is regarded as a sustainable alternative to traditional organic synthesis as it enables replacement of stochiometric redox agents with electricity – which can be generated from renewable sources – and high product selectivity at ambient conditions [1]. However, the poor conductivity of the organic solvents typically requires the addition of large amounts of supporting electrolyte salts, leading to increased waste generation and lowered atom economy of the process.
Alternative solvents such as room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) represent a promising alternative electrolyte and solvent in electrosynthesis. They are conducting, non-volatile and able to solubilize several organic compounds as well as easily separated from products by extraction and thus prone for reuse [2-4]. In addition, they have a tunable, large electrochemical window and this has already led to their use as electrolytes in other fields of electrochemistry, including batteries, electrochromic devices, supercapacitors and in electrodeposition processes [5-6].
DESs offer some advantages compared to RTILs, including that their synthesis is comparable inexpensive and simple, requiring no purification. In addition, some of the DES are biodegradable. DESs have already been use in organic synthesis as solvents and catalysts, however only few examples use DESs as electrolyte systems in organic electrosynthesis despite their advantageous properties. DESs can also solubilize untreated biomass and biomass components, and thus they are attractive solvents for several biorefinery processes including pretreatment, fractionation, and catalytic conversion [7]. Selective reductive transformations are key in biomass valorization to yield precursors for fuels and chemicals.
In this work, we show how DESs can play a dual role as solvent and electrolyte for reductive transformations of organic compounds. The physical and electrochemical properties of the DESs and their role in the reaction are investigated. In addition, the feasibility of reusing the DES over several reactions is examined.
[1] Frontana-Uribe, B.A.; Little, R. D.; Ibanez, J. G.; Palma, A. & Vasquez-Medrano, R. Green Chem.
2010, 12, 2099-2119.
[2] Singh, S. K. & Savoy, A. W. J. Mol. Liquids
2020, 297, 1120938
[3] Hansen, B. B.; Spittle, S.; Chen, B.; Poe, D.; Zhang; Y., Klein; J. M.; Horton, A.; Adhikari, L.; Zelovich, T.; Doherty, B. W.; Gurkan, B.; Maginn, E. J.; Ragauskas, A.; Dadmun, M.; Zawodzinski, T. A.; Baker, G. A.; Tuckerman, M. E.; Savinell, R. F. & Sangoro, J. R. Chem. Rev. 2021, 121, 1232–1285.
[4] Kathiresan, M., & Velayutham, D. Chem. Commun.
2015, 51, 17499.
[5] Armand, M.; Endres, F.; MacFarlane, D. R.; Ohno, H. & Scrosati, B. Nat. Mater.
2009, 8, 621–629.
[6] Abbott, A. P. Curr. Opin. Green Sustain. Chem.
2022, 36, 100649.
[7] Wang, Y.; Kim, K. H.; Jeong, K.; Kim, N. K.; Yoo, C. G. Curr. Opin. Green Sustain. Chem.
2021, 27, 100396.
Synthesis of Polybromothiophene By Electrooxidative Polymerization and Its Polymer Reactions
Authors: Matsumura Yoshimasa , Hokimoto Sota 
Published: December 2024

π-Conjugated polymers exhibit unique properties such as electronic conductivity, photoluminescence, and visible light absorption due to the delocalization of π-electrons on the main chain. Although these polymers are typically synthesized by polycondensation techniques using transition metal catalysts, this method can not be used for polymerization of monomers containing reactive building blocks for transition metal catalysis. To prepare reactive precursors for catalytic transformation, we focused on electrochemical synthesis of bromo-substituted polythiophene for introduction of various functional groups through cross-coupling reactions and reactions with electrophilic agents via lithiation. the halogenated polythiophene can not be prepared by polycondensation using transition metal catalysts. In this paper, we describe synthesis of polybromothiophene by electrooxidative polymerization, which is inert to Ar-Br bonds, and its polymer reactions by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction using aryl boronic acid and a Pd catalyst (Scheme 1).
Electrooxidative polymerization of 3-bromo-4-dodecylthiophene (1) was carried out using a Pt plates (2 × 2 cm2) electrode in an acetonitrile solution of Bu4NPF6 (100 mM) by constant potential electrooxidation at 2.4 V for 60 seconds at room temperature. After the reaction, a dark blue polybromothiophene (2) film was deposited on the anode. The color of the polymer changed from dark blue to orange after precipitation into methanol. The number-average molecular weight (M
n) and molecular weight distribution (M
w/M
n) of 2 were estimated to be 15,000 and 2.8, respectively, by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The structure of 2 was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectra and EDX analysis. In the UV-vis absorption spectrum, maximum absorption wavelength of 2 was observed at 335 nm, which was red-shifted by 88 nm compared to that of the monomer (1).
Polymer reactions of 2 with aryl boronic acids by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling were also investigated. For example, phenylated polybromothiophene (3-Ph) was obtained in a >99% yield by the reaction of 2 with phenyl boronic acid in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(PPh3)4. The phenylation proceeded in a 90% efficiency as estimated by 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis. The Mn and M
w/M
n of 3-Ph were estimated to be 14,000 and 2.7, respectively, by SEC. In the UV-vis absorption spectrum, maximum absorption wavelength of the phenylated polymer (3-Ph) was observed at 365 nm, which was red-shifted by 30 nm compared to that of the polybromothiophene.

Figure 1
(Invited) Engineering of Electrochemical Interface for Highly Sensitive Biomolecular Detection: From Macro to Small Molecules
Authors: Shin Jae Hwan , Park Jong Pil 
Published: December 2024

Current diagnostic methods for detection of various cells or biomarker proteins take a long time to achieve reliable outcomes and does not recognize the association between genetic variation and diversity by using nucleic acid or antibody as common recognition element. Whole antibodies are large in size and relatively expensive to produce in mammalian cells. In contrast, small affinity peptides can be created synthetically in a reliable and cost-effective manner. Thus, they can be used in a wider variety of sensing paradigms including peptide-based electrochemical sensors for high-throughput capture and detection of biomarkers in a miniaturized device format.
In this talk, we will be showing a peptide-based electrochemical biosensor that could detect virus or biomarker protein. The identified peptide-displaying phage clones and phage-free synthetic peptides were characterized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and electrochemical analysis. To create more advanced sensor system, we fabricated novel functional electrodes, for example, nickel oxide (NiO)–reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/MXene, TA-PEI-graphene oxide and other nanocomposites. It was observed that developed sensing systems were capable of highly sensitive and specific detection of their corresponding target molecules with lower detection limit, better binding constant and recovery. More detailed results of protein detection will be also presenting in this talk.
(Invited) Novel Biosensing Platform Based on Image Analysis of Rotational Diffusion of Probe-Modified Janus Particles
Authors: Sakamoto Hiroaki 
Published: December 2024

Infectious diagnosis of high-risk viruses and pathogenic bacteria is made by PCR testing. RNA virus testing is performed through multiple steps of sample collection, RNA extraction, reverse transcription, and amplification by PCR. Present methods are problematic due to the length of testing time and complexity of the operation.
In this study, we focus on the rotational Brownian motion of probe-modified particles and develop a new biosensor that is specific, quick, and simple to detect target DNA/RNA by photographing the rotational Brownian motion of probe-modified particles with a microscope and analyzing the diffusivity, which is the degree of the motion(Fig. A). The Stokes-Einstein-Debye equation, which considers the rotational motion of particles in solution, shows that the rotational diffusivity of particles is inversely proportional to the third power of the particle diameter when the ambient temperature and viscosity of the medium are controlled. In the case of Janus particles, which emit fluorescence only on half their surface, the rotational diffusivity corresponds to the correlation time, which is the correlation intensity per elapsed time of the flashing signal obtained from the rotational Brownian motion of the particles. Based on the above principle, we conducted experiments and found that under the presence of target RNA, Janus particles capture RNA, which leads to the formation of Janus particle-RNA complexes and an increase in particle volume, which in turn leads to an increase in correlation time (Fig. B). Also, the correlation time of the target RNA-Janus particle complex increases with an increase in the target RNA concentration (Fig. C). Furthermore, it was confirmed that the sensitivity and specificity of this sensor reached 85% and 100%, respectively. Since the correlation time can be measured only by microscopic observation and does with no amplification, this sensor is expected to be a simple and rapid detection.
A Spherical LiFePO4/Carbon Nanotubes/Binder Composite as a Cathode Material for High Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Yoon Jihee 
Published: December 2024

As the global demand for electric vehicles continues to rise, the safety of electric vehicles, particularly concerning the risk of fires induced by battery degradation, is increasingly recognized as a critical issue. Current production batteries utilize cathode materials with high nickel content (>80%) in order to develop electrodes with high-energy-density. However, these NCM cathode materials, due to their structural instability, can undergo changes during the charge-discharge processes of the battery, making them susceptible to degradation in high-temperature environments or during charging-discharging, thereby posing a fire risk. Therefore, many battery companies are currently focusing on advancing research into utilizing LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode materials. LFP possesses a stable olivine structure, resulting in fewer structural changes during charge and discharge compared to NCM cathode materials. Consequently, LFP batteries offer high durability and a lower risk of fires, enhancing the safety of electric vehicle batteries. Additionally, the raw materials used in LFP production are relatively cost-effective, contributing to lower battery manufacturing costs.
However, LFP has relatively lower energy density and smaller particle sizes than NCM, limiting its ability to increase battery capacity. It also exhibits lower electrical conductivity, which can have disadvantages in terms of electrochemical properties including battery resistance and rate capability. To overcome these limitations, various research studies have been conducted, such as controlling particle size and applying surface coatings to the active material.
In this study, spherical LFP/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/binder composites were developed to improve cell performance. We synthesized LFP/CNTs/binder composites through the spray-drying method and studied the morphologies of granules according to spray drying conditions. We particularly focused on achieving a well-distributed spherical microstructure to improve the electrode modulus, including electrode density and tortuosity. LFP with well-embedded CNTs and binder exhibited excellent cell lifespan characteristics even at high energy density and showed good performance at high C-rates.
Characterisation of Electrochemical Systems from Periodic Chronoamperometry Signals Using Computational Tools
Authors: Kloyer Leopold , Fisher Adrian C 
Published: December 2024

Electrochemical systems are complex, involving various chemical and physical processes (e.g. electron transfer reactions, diffusive and convective mass transfer, charge transfer processes). In most cases, electrochemical systems are summarised using simple signals (e.g. amperometric or potentiometric signals), which do not, however, adequately capture their complexity. These mostly unidimensional signals are usually insufficient to facilitate the full understanding of the electrochemical system and its underlying, simultaneously occurring processes.
Established electroanalytical methods are commonly utilised to characterise specific (electro-) chemical and physical processes of electrochemical systems (e.g. potentiometry, amperometry/voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, etc.). Despite the usefulness of these traditional electroanalysis techniques, they are often restricted to the analysis of a very specific set of system characteristics and parameters. Moreover, the experimental nature of these techniques, usually requiring a specific protocol, sets limits to their employment for on-line measurements of industrial electrochemical systems (e.g. reactors, fuel cells etc.).
To avoid these limitations, a new alternative approach to understanding and characterising electrochemical systems is proposed. Computational techniques have the potential to extract various system parameters from periodic chronoamperometry signals of electrochemical systems. Such techniques include methods that are commonly used in chemometric investigations in addition to other modern signal processing tools.
Early findings from this ongoing study include the separation of Faradaic and non-Faradaic current contributions from a variety of simulated chronoamperometric signals. Moreover, qualitative sensitivity studies appear promising for the subsequent quantitative recovery of multiple parameters from stagnant and hydrodynamic electrochemical systems (e.g. capacitance, resistance).
As a consequence, this novel computer-aided approach can pave the way for real-time analyses of electrochemical applications. Furthermore, this strategy will likely reduce the need for specific electroanalytic experiments to determine certain parameters. Instead, complex electrochemical systems and their underlying chemical and physical processes have the potential to be characterised from simple, continuous chronoamperometric signals by means of computational techniques.
Suppression of Loss of Fast Charging Capability in Ni-Rich Cathode By Microstructural Modification
Authors: Kim Myoung-Chan , Park Nam-Yung , Sun Yang-Kook 
Published: December 2024

Fast charging technology for electric vehicles (EVs), which promises rapid charging times similar to refueling conventional vehicles, holds promise but encounters hurdles due to kinetic issues within lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). These issues include both kinetic and thermodynamic challenges within batteries, resulting in restricted utilization of active materials, Li plating, excessive heat generation, and accelerated capacity degradation.1 Efforts to tackle issues associated with fast charging have predominantly concentrated on modifying the Li salts in the electrolyte or the structure and surface/interface of the anode materials.However, compared to the electrolyte or anode materials, the importance of the cathode in relation to fast charging has not been significantly highlighted. Because properties such as the energy density, thermal stability, and rate performance of LIBs are largely determined by the cathode material, 2 understanding the characteristics of the cathode under high-current-density conditions is essential to comprehensively understand fast charging.
In this study, the mechanism responsible for the loss of fast charging capability of Ni-rich cathodes during prolonged cycling is examined via a comparative analysis of Ni-rich cathodes exhibiting different microstructures. The results demonstrate that microcracks and subsequent cathode degradation notably compromise the fast charging capability over extended cycling periods. Formation of thick rocksalt impurity phases throughout the particles due to electrolyte infiltration via microcracks leads to limited kinetics of Li+ ions, resulting in electrochemically inactive regions under high-current conditions, hence leading to the loss of fast charging capability. Therefore, preventing microcrack formation by microstructural modification is imperative to ensure stability in fast charging capability. These findings underscore the need to comprehensively understand the degradation of the cathode during extended cycling, particularly from the perspective of the kinetic loss of utilizable Li+ ions at high currents, rather than just the loss of capacity.

Reference
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[1] Y. Liu, Y. Zhu, Y. Cui, Nat. Energy, 2019, 4, 540.
[2] H.-J. Noh, S. Youn, C. S. Yoon, Y.-K. Sun, J. Power Sources, 2013, 233, 121.