bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foreign Remittances And Nigeria’s Economic Growth (1990 – 2018)
Authors: Egbulonu Kelechukwu Godslove , Chukuezi Oluchi Elleen 
Published: October 2019

Between 2010 and 2017, remittances inflows averaged a whopping 20 billon US Dollars per annum, more than double the foreign direct investment [FDI] figures for the period under review and more than 500 per cent of Nigeria commercial service exports. The figures could be comparatively intimidating when remittances inflows from unapproved and informal sources are taken into account. To this end it becomes imperative to consider the impact these remittances have had so far on the Nigerian economy both at the micro and macro levels. The ADF test was used to test for stationarity. The variables were all found to be integrated at 1st difference so we used the OLS technique to analyze our data. Results show a positive relationship between foreign remittances and economic growth. Also a strong two-way relationship was established between foreign remittances and foreign external reserve. Foreign remittances have come to be a major source of income for Nigerian families and households. Infant mortality rate which was included in our model as a measure of social welfare and human development was also seen to be on the decline and having no causality relationship with foreign remittances. This was rightly so because, as the study shows, the expenditure pattern of foreign receipts by households is tilted towards consumption. The study recommends the need for the country to strengthen the institutional framework required to harness the benefits of foreign remittances.
High-intensity interval training with long duration intervals is more effective than short duration intervals for improving glycolytic capacity in the rats’ gastrocnemius muscle
Authors: Akmali Azadeh , Saghebjoo Marziyeh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
There is little data regarding the ability of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to increase of glycolytic capacity and intramuscular metabolic adaptations. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of HIIT (8 weeks, 5 times/week) with short (HIIT1 min: 16 × 1 min work and active recovery at 80–95% and 50–60% VO2max, respectively) and long (HIIT4 min: 4 × 4 min work and active recovery at 80–95% and 50–60% VO2max, respectively) duration intervals and 4 weeks detraining on the levels of phosphofructokinase (PFK), glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1), monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the rats’ gastrocnemius muscle.

Materials and methods
Fifty-four male Wistar rats were assigned into three groups, including HIIT1 min, HIIT4 min and control (Ctrl). After 48 h of the last training session and after 4 weeks of detraining, the rats were sacrificed, and the gastrocnemius muscles were isolated.

Results
The PFK levels in the HIIT4 min group was significantly higher than in the HIIT1 min and Ctrl groups, and after the detraining period in the HIIT4 minDT group significantly decreased compared to the HIIT4 min group. The LDH activity in the HIIT4 min and HIIT1 min groups were significantly higher than the Ctrl group and the increasing trend in the HIIT4 min group was more than the HIIT1 min group. There was no significant change in LDH activity after detraining compared to training. No significant changes were observed in the level of GYS1 and MCT4 after HIIT.

Conclusions
Eight weeks of HIIT with long duration intervals induced more improvements in intramuscular glycolytic capacity than a short duration. After short-term detraining, some of these adaptations have remained.
Letters home: German-American Civil War soldiers’ letters 1864–1865
Authors: Litty Samantha 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhillipp Schneider, German-American Civil War soldier and resident of Wisconsin since the age of 9, wrote 45 letters from March 1864 to August 1865, totaling ca. 22,500 words. I analyze these letters from a sociolinguistic perspective, considering both the unique mix of German and English usage and the socio-historical implications surrounding the letters. These are supplemented for comparison with two letters written by German-American Heritage German speaker and soldier, Jacob Goelzer, who wrote to Schneider’s sister twice in 1864. I describe the importance of when and under what circumstances these letters were written, and I also delineate instances from the letters of how the dominant community language, English, has influenced the German used and compare the use of German and English.
Civil War writings of the Pennsylvania Dutch
Authors: Brown Joshua R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor eighteenth and nineteenth century Pennsylvania Dutch speakers, a variety of German was the language of their books, their newspapers, and their schools. Being far from the European homeland created a hegemonic shift in the linguistic lives of these early German Americans; they were adopting an American regional identity. Along with their shift in identities and in linguistic hegemony, structural aspects of the languages they used also changed: their written German was in contact with English and with their spoken Pennsylvania Dutch. In addition, the limitations of formal education in German at rural schools meant that the emphasis among most Pennsylvania Dutch was on the receptive knowledge of German and not on productive control of the language. In time, a variety of German called Pennsylvania High German emerged in the publications, writings, and schools of Pennsylvania. This article shares recent findings of a large corpus of written attempts at Pennsylvania High German by Civil War soldiers. It discusses both the structural aspects of their written language as well as the negotiation of their American regional identities through a multilingual lens at the first major moment of increased contact with outsiders.
Non-trivial solutions for Schrödinger-Poisson systems involving critical nonlocal term and potential vanishing at infinity
Authors: Shao Liuyang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present study is concerned with the following Schrödinger-Poisson system involving critical nonlocal term$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \begin{cases} -\triangle u+V(x)u-l(x)\phi|u|^{3}u=\eta K(x)f(u),~~\mbox{in}~~\mathbb{R}^{3}, \notag\\ -\triangle\phi=l(x)|u|^{5},~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\mbox{in}~~\mathbb{R}^{3}, \end{cases} \end{array}$$(1.1)where the potentialV(x) andK(x) are positive continuous functions that vanish at infinity, andl(x) is bounded, nonnegative continuous function. Under some simple assumptions onV,K,landf, we prove that the problem (1.1) has a non-trivial solution.
Characterizations of Benson proper efficiency of set-valued optimization in real linear spaces
Authors: Liang Hongwei , Wan Zhongping 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new class of generalized convex set-valued maps termed relatively solid generalized cone-subconvexlike maps is introduced in real linear spaces not equipped with any topology. This class is a generalization of generalized cone-subconvexlike maps and relatively solid cone-subconvexlike maps. Necessary and sufficient conditions for Benson proper efficiency of set-valued optimization problem are established by means of scalarization, Lagrange multipliers, saddle points and duality. The results generalize and improve some corresponding ones in the literature. Some examples are afforded to illustrate our results.
The adverbial function of qurʾānic verbal nouns taking the position of ḥāl
Authors: Dror Yehudit 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Of Arabic verbal nouns’ various functions, this article focuses on their taking the position of ḥāl ‘circumstantial accusative’. Arab grammarians claim that a plain infinitive may replace a participle in the accusative, assuming the same meaning as the participle. I argue, however, that from the point of view of modern linguistics, these verbal nouns might be interpreted as having an adverbial function; more precisely, they perform the semantic-aspectual features of two types of adverbs: manner adverbs, which specify the mode of action, and state-of-mind adverbs, which describe a state of mind experienced by the agent of the action.
Synthesis of soft N-donor isoPentyl-BTBP and study on its removal of actinides from high level liquid waste
Authors: Ning Shunyan , Zhou Jie , Zhang Shichang , Zhang Wei , Wei Yuezhou 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To directly separate actinides from high level liquid waste (HLLW), a novel molecule, i. e. isoPentyl-BTBP (6,6′-bis(5,6-bis(4-methylpentyl)-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-2,2′-bipyridines) was synthesized and characterized. A kind of isoPentyl-BTBP/SiO2-P adsorbent was obtained by impregnating isoPentyl-BTBP into porous silica/polymer support particles SiO2-P under reduced pressure. The effect of HNO3 concentration, contact time on the adsorption of isoPentyl-BTBP/SiO2-P towards 241Am(III) and 239Pu(IV) was studied. And the stability of isoPentyl-BTBP/SiO2-P in HNO3 medium was also evaluated. It turned out that isoPentyl-BTBP/SiO2-P had much higher affinity for 241Am(III) and 239Pu(IV) over FP elements in 3 M HNO3, fast adsorption kinetics towards 239Pu(IV), excellent stability in HNO3 medium, and should be a very promising adsorbent for separating 239Pu(IV) and 241Am(III) from HLLW.
Myocardial Infarction with non-obstructed coronaries – atypical presentation of pheochromocytoma
Authors: Melson Eka , Amir Sidra , Shepherd Lisa , Kauser Samina , Freestone Bethan , Kempegowda Punith 
Published: October 2019

Summary
Although pheochromocytoma classically presents with headaches, palpitations and paroxysmal hypertension, atypical presentations such as cardiomyopathy, stroke and subarachnoid haemorrhage have been infrequently documented. We present in this case report, an uncommon presentation of pheochromocytoma with myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries (MINOCA). A 79-year-old woman presented with central crushing chest pain radiating to left arm associated with headache, palpitations, sweating and difficulty in breathing. For 2 years, she experienced brief episodes of headache, tinnitus, dizziness, palpitations, and sweating that spontaneously resolved. Clinical examination was unremarkable except for high blood pressure (210/105 mmHg). Her electrocardiogram showed T wave inversions from V1 to V6 and elevated troponins (774 ng/L at baseline and 932 ng/L 3 h from baseline (normal <16 ng/L) in keeping with a diagnosis of non-ST elevated myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography showed normal coronary arteries. Patient was hence treated as myocardial infarction with normal coronaries (MINOCA). Despite appropriate treatment for MINOCA, she continued to experience episodic headaches, palpitations, dizziness and erratic blood pressures (particularly severe hypertension shortly after beta-blocker administration). Further investigations revealed raised urine noradrenaline of 4724 nmol/24 h (<554 nmol/24 h) and urine adrenaline of 92863 nmol/24 h (<77 nmol/24 h). Computerised tomography demonstrated a well-defined rounded mass in right adrenal gland morphological of pheochromocytoma. She underwent laparoscopic right adrenalectomy with histology confirming pheochromocytoma. This case highlights the importance of thorough investigation for the underlying cause for MINOCA. In patients with unexplained erratic blood pressure control, pheochromocytoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis.

Learning points:

Pheochromocytoma is rare tumour that often presents with non-specific symptoms.

It is important to investigate underlying cause of MINOCA.

Thorough history is the key to diagnosis.
Assessing by Modeling the Consequences of Increased Recombination in Recurrent Selection of Oryza sativa and Brassica rapa
Authors: Tourrette Elise , Bernardo Rex , Falque Matthieu , Martin Olivier C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Meiotic recombination generates genetic diversity but in most species the number of crossovers per meiosis is limited. Previous modeling studies showed that increasing recombination can enhance response to selection. However, such studies did not assume a specific method of modifying recombination. Our objective was to test whether two methods used to increase recombination in plants could increase genetic gain in a population undergoing recurrent selection such as in genomic selection programs. The first method, in Oryza sativa, used a mutant of anti-crossover genes, increasing global recombination without affecting the recombination landscape shape. The second one used the ploidy level of a cross between Brassica rapa and Brassica napus, increasing recombination especially in pericentromeric regions. Our modeling framework used these recombination landscapes and sampled quantitative trait loci positions from the actual gene distributions. We simulated selection programs with initially a cross between two inbred lines, for two species. Increased recombination enhanced the response to selection. The amount of enhancement in the cumulative gain largely depended on the species and the number of quantitative trait loci (2, 10, 20, 50, 200 or 1000 per chromosome). Genetic gains were increased up to 30% after 20 generations. Furthermore, increasing recombination in cold regions was the most effective: the gain was larger by 25% with the first method and 34% with the second one in B. rapa, and 12% compared to 16% in O. sativa. In summary, increased recombination enhances the genetic gain in long-term selection programs, with visible effects after four to five generations.
Agenda ecológica e o sul global: crescimento, justiça ambiental e dívida ecológica
Authors: Todt Marcos , Berg Oscar Augusto , Fröhlich Matheus 
Published: October 2019

presente artigo parte do pressuposto de que a agenda ambiental se inscreve no interior da luta de poder do Sistema Internacional e se interessa pela sua interseção com os embates entre os países do Norte e do Sul Global. Em específico, ele discute a construção da visão destes dois blocos sobre as relações entre desenvolvimento econômico e preservação ambiental. Ainda que o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável tenha sido capaz de superaras suas posições antagônicas e evitar o boicote dos países do Sul à agenda implementada pela ONU, ele representou um ganho da ideia de crescimento econômico sobre as propostas de descrescimento e de redistribuição. Ainda, ele permitiu a manutenção do descaso dos países do Norte e do Sul a respeito de ideias como Justiça Ambiental e dívida ecológica. Para os países do Sul, em especial, isso representa uma ocasião perdida na luta contra a reprodução de desigualdades sistêmicas e internas, reforçando, assim, a sua posição de dependência em relação ao Norte.
DAVRANIŞ DENEYLERİNİN SOSYAL ANKSİYETEDE KULLANILMASI
Authors: Tanyıl Halil , Bekiroğulları Zafer 
Published: October 2019

Dünya çapında görülme oranı en yüksek psikolojik
sıkıntılardan biri olarak sosyal anksiyete karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Sosyal anksiyete
kişinin olası maruz kalacağı ve başkaları tarafından gözlemlenebileceği, bir
veya birden fazla sosyal ortam hakkında duyduğu belirgin korku ve endişe
şeklinde tanımlanabilmektedir. Bu bireyler sosyal ortamlara maruz kaldığında
yüksek seviyede stres hissederler ve sonucunda ise sosyal ortamlardan
kaçınırlar. Bu kaçınma davranışı sonucunda ise daha düşük sosyo-ekonomik statü
ve partner bulamama gibi risklerle karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Sosyal anksiyetenin
tedavisinde bilişsel davranışçı terapinin etkinliği yapılan araştırmalar ile
ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu çalışma bilişsel darvanışçı terapi yaklaşımını
kullanarak uygulanacak olan davranış
deneyi ile deneylerin etkinliğine katkı koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda 22
yaşında kadın bir üniversite öğrencisi ile sekiz seans gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Terapi sürecinin etkinliği danışandan alınan bilgiler ve uygulanan Liebowitz
Sosyal Kaygı ölçeğinden elde edilen bilgiler ile ölçülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın
sonucunda danışandan ve ölçekten elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda danışanın
sosyal ortamlarda daha rahat iletişim kurabildiği, güvenlik sağlama
davranışlarını kullanmadığı ve olumsuz otomatik düşüncelere meydan okuyarak
alternatif ve işlevsel düşüncelere yönelebildiği gözlemlenmiştir.
KOÇLUK EĞİTİMİ BİR GELİŞİM ARACI MI, POTANSİYEL BİR İŞ Mİ?
Authors: TOKER İşıl , KILIÇ Kemal Can 
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışmada, uluslararası bir koçluk federasyonundan akredite olmuş, en az 60 saatlik bir profesyonel koçluk eğitimine katılan kişilerin, koçluğu işe dönüştürme ile ilgili girişimcilik tutumu (girişimcilik niyeti) ve pozitif psikolojik sermaye algısı araştırılarak, bu değişkenlerin koçlukla ilgili girişimcilik eğilimine etkisi olup olmadığı ortaya çıkartılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, öncelikle girişimcilik ile ilişkilendirilen kişilik özellikleri değerlendirilerek keşifsel bir ön çalışma yapılmıştır. Ön çalışmada Adana ilinde eğitime katılmış olan 10 kişi (profesyonel koç) ile derinlemesine mülakat yapılmış, çalışmanın yapılandırılabilmesi için konu ile ilgili kapsamlı bilgi edinilmiştir. Çalışmanın devamında, Adana bölgesinde yer alan 53 profesyonel koç ile anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Eğitim katılımcılarının sınırlı sayıda olması nedeniyle, ulaşılabilen tüm katılımcılar ankete dâhil edilmiştir. Bu anket çalışması sonucunda, koçluğu işe dönüştürme ile ilgili girişimcilik tutumu ve pozitif psikolojik sermaye algısının, koçlukla ilgili girişimcilik eğilimini pozitif ve anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın devamında yapılması planlanan ikinci çalışmada ise, koçluğu işe dönüştürmeyi etkileyen diğer öncül ve aracı olabilecek faktörlerin araştırılması hedeflenmektedir.﻿
Development delay in children with severe acute malnutrition and its association with Vitamin B12 deficiency
Authors: Adhualia Aishvarya , Maurya Manisha , Tewari A. D. 
Published: October 2019

Background: About half of the under five children are malnourished in India and so is morbidity associated with it. Malnutrition is also associated with multiple vitamin deficiency one of which is vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is essential for DNA, RNA and protein synthesis; and for myelination of brain during the early childhood period. Deficiency of vitamin B12 can lead to megaloblastic anemia and neurological problems. So, authors aimed to look prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and; its hematological and neurological effects in severe acute malnourished children.Methods: it was an observational case control study, in which severe acute malnourished (SAM) children aged 0- 59 months who were admitted in Nutritional Rehabilitation Centre (NRC) were enrolled. Vitamin B12 levels were estimated and levels <200 pg/ml, 200-350 pg/ml, and >350 pg/ml were considered deficient, insufficiency and sufficient. Complete blood count was done for hematological effects and; developmental assessment was done to look for neurological effects.Results: Vitamin B12 was deficient, insufficient, normal in 15(16.3%), 25 (27.5%) and 52 (56.5%) children respectively. Vitamin B12 deficiency was significantly associated with hyperpigmentation and glossitis. Infant and young child feeding practices were not associated vitamin B12 deficiency. Macrocytic anemia was found in 23.4% SAM children and macrocytosis was not significantly associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. Developmental delay was found in 55.3 % children and was not significantly associated with severe acute malnutrition. Conclusions: There is high prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency and insufficiency in children with severe acute malnourished children. Macrocytic anemia and developmental delay are not significantly associated with vitamin B12 deficiency.
Analysis of serum lactate levels to predict in hospital mortality in critically ill children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Srigiri Trilok Rao , Manyam Partha Saradhi , Mahesh Uma , Belavadi Gangadhar 
Published: October 2019

Background: The predictive significance of lactate measurement at admission for mortality in critically ill children remains uncertain. Authors objectives was to study evaluated the predictive value of blood lactate levels at admission and determined the cut-off values for predicting in-hospital mortality in the critically ill pediatric population.Methods: A prospective observational study was done in 100 critically ill admissions to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), requiring hemodynamic/respiratory support. The chi-square test for categorical variables performs the comparison.Results: Out of 100 patients, 22 (22%) expired. Mortality is highest in 10-16 age (7%). In the non-survivor group, the majority of patients were diagnosed as pneumonia (7.5%). Median lactate levels in non-survivors are 4.5 at admission when compared to 2.0 in survivors (p<0.001). The mortality rates left rate in the high lactate group (73%) is more when compared to intermediate (20%) and low-level groups (7%). Blood lactate was 75% sensitive and 90% specific at the optimal cut-off value of 33.7 mg/dl. The positive likelihood ratio of predicting death is more with a high lactate level (7.5) when compared to intermediate (0.8) and low levels (0.08). Sensitivity and Specificity with elevated lactate levels is the mortality 24 hrs (89%, 92%) than at admission (75%, 90%). The AUROC values with the admission lactate level are 0.86, and after 24 hrs are 0.95.Conclusions: Blood lactate levels at admission predict mortality in critically ill children requiring hemodynamic/respiratory support.
A prospective cohort study of enteric pathogens in human immunodeficiency virus-infected Indian children and their relationship with diarrheal recurrence
Authors: Dewan Pooja , Mardi Dhano , Gomber Sunil , Saha Rumpa 
Published: October 2019

Background: Opportunistic intestinal infections can increase the risk of death 11- fold in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children presenting with diarrhea. Understanding the etiology of diarrhea and its predictors can help strategize a targeted approach to reduce child mortality due to diarrhea in this vulnerable group. Authors aim was to compare the enteric pathogens in HIV-infected children with and without acute diarrhea, to assess the association between carriage of enteric pathogens in HIV-infected children and the occurrence of diarrhea within the next 3 months and to ascertain the relationship between enteric pathogens in HIV-infected children with their immunological and nutritional status.Methods: Stool samples were collected from HIV-infected children with acute diarrhea (n=41) and without diarrhea (n=52). All samples were subjected to microscopic examination, modified acid-fast and Trichrome staining, hanging drop examination, and bacterial culture. Serology for Cryptosporidium parvum was determined. Children who had received any antimicrobial therapy within the previous 2 weeks were excluded. Participants were followed up for three months for occurrence of diarrhea.Results: Intestinal pathogens were isolated in 48.8% and 42% of children in the diarrheal and non-diarrheal group respectively. The most common pathogens isolated in the diarrheal and non-diarrheal group were Cryptosporidium parvum and Escherichia coli (29.3% vs. 17.3%). During follow up, 8 children in each group had diarrheal occurrence. The pathogen isolated in subsequent episodes matched with the initial isolate in 3 children in each group.Conclusions: HIV-infected children without diarrhea also harbour enteric pathogens in comparable proportions to symptomatic children, which can predispose them to diarrheal occurrence in future, hence indicating need for assessing the need for preventive screening and prophylactic antibiotic regimens in this vulnerable group.