bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced activity of glycolytic enzymes in Drosophila and human cell models of Parkinson’s disease based on DJ-1 deficiency
Authors: Solana-Manrique Cristina , Sanz Francisco José , Ripollés Edna , Bañó M. Carmen , Torres Josema , Muñoz-Soriano Verónica , Paricio Nuria 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodenerative debilitating disorder characterized by progressive disturbances in motor, autonomic and psychiatric functions. The pathological hallmark of PD is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which causes striatal dopamine deficiency. Although most PD cases are sporadic (iPD), approximately 5-10% of all patients suffer from monogenic PD forms caused by highly penetrant rare mutations segregating with the disease in families (fPD). One of the genes linked to monogenic PD is DJ-1. Mutations in DJ-1 cause autosomal recessive early-onset forms of fPD; however, it has been shown that an over-oxidized and inactive form of the DJ-1 protein is found in the brains of iPD individuals. Valuable insights into potential PD pathogenic mechanisms involving DJ-1 have been obtained from studies in cell and animal PD models based on DJ-1 deficiency such as Drosophila. Flies mutant for the DJ-1β gene, the Drosophila ortholog of human DJ-1, exhibited disease-related phenotypes such as motor defects, increased reactive oxygen species production and high levels of protein carbonylation. In the present study, we show that loss of DJ-1β function significantly increased the activities of several regulatory glycolytic enzymes. Similar results were obtained in DJ-1-deficient SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, thus suggesting that loss of DJ-1 function in both PD models produces an enhancement of glycolysis. Our results also show that FDA-approved compounds such as meclizine and dimethyl fumarate, which have different clinical applications, are able to attenuate PD-related phenotypes in both models. Moreover, we found that they could exert their beneficial effect by increasing glycolysis through the activation of key glycolytic enzymes. Taken together, these results are consistent with the idea that increasing glycolysis could be a potential disease-modifying strategy for PD, as recently suggested. Besides, they also support further evaluation and potential repurposing of meclizine and dimethyl fumarate as modulators of energy metabolism for neuroprotection in PD.
Gesture’s body orientation modulates the N400 during semantic integration of gesture and visual sentence
Authors: He Yifei , Luell Svenja , Muralikrishnan R. , Straube Benjamin , Nagels Arne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBody orientation of gesture entails social-communicative intention, and may thus influence how gestures are perceived and comprehended together with auditory speech during face-to-face communication. To date, despite the emergence of neuroscientific literature on the role of body orientation on hand action perception, limited studies have directly investigated the role of body orientation in the interaction between gesture and language. To address this research question, we carried out an EEG experiment presenting to participants (n=21) videos of frontal and lateral hand gestures of five-seconds (e.g., raising a hand), followed by visually presented sentences that are either congruent or incongruent with the hand gesture (e.g., ‘the mountain ishigh/low…’). All participants underwent a semantic-probe task, judging whether a target word is related or unrelated to the gesture-speech event. EEG results suggest that, during the perception phase of hand-gestures, while both frontal and lateral gestures elicited power decrease in both the alpha (8-12Hz) and the beta (16-24Hz) bands, lateral gestures elicited reduced power decrease in the beta band when compared with frontal gestures. For sentence comprehension, at the critical word whose meaning is congruent/incongruent with the gesture, frontal gestures elicited an N400 effect for gesture-sentence incongruency. More importantly, this incongruency effect was significantly reduced for lateral gestures. The findings suggest that body orientation plays a crucial role in gesture perception, and that its inferred social-communicative intention influences gesture-sentence semantic integration in an interactive manner.
Dynamical phase diagram of an auto-regulating gene in fast switching conditions
Authors: Jia Chen , Grima Ramon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhile the steady-state behavior of stochastic gene expression with auto-regulation has been extensively studied, its time-dependent behavior has received much less attention. Here, under the assumption of fast promoter switching, we derive and solve a reduced chemical master equation for an auto-regulatory gene circuit with translational bursting and cooperative protein-gene interactions. The analytical expression for the time-dependent probability distribution of protein numbers enables a fast exploration of large swaths of parameter space. For a unimodal initial distribution, we identify three distinct types of stochastic dynamics: (i) the protein distribution remains unimodal at all times; (ii) the protein distribution becomes bimodal at intermediate times and then reverts back to being unimodal at long times (transient bimodality) and (iii) the protein distribution switches to being bimodal at long times. For each of these, the deterministic model predicts either monostable or bistable behaviour and hence there exist six dynamical phases in total. We investigate the relationship of the six phases to the transcription rates, the protein binding and unbinding rates, the mean protein burst size, the degree of cooperativity, the relaxation time to the steady state, the protein mean and the type of feedback loop (positive or negative). We show that transient bimodality is a noise-induced phenomenon that occurs when protein expression is sufficiently bursty and we use theory to estimate the observation time window when it is manifest.
Contributions of the four essential entry glycoproteins to HSV-1 tropism and the selection of entry routes
Authors: Hilterbrand Adam T. , Daly Raecliffe E. , Heldwein Ekaterina E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHerpes Simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) encode up to 16 envelope proteins, four of which are essential for entry. However, whether these four proteins alone are sufficient to dictate the broad cellular tropism of HSV-1 and the selection of different cell-type dependent entry routes is unknown. To begin addressing this, we previously pseudotyped VSV, lacking its native glycoprotein G, with only the four essential entry glycoproteins of HSV-1: gB, gH, gL, and gD. This novel VSVΔG-BHLD pseudotype recapitulated several important features of HSV-1 entry: the requirement for gB, gH, gL, gD, a cellular receptor, and sensitivity to anti-gB and anti-gH/gL neutralizing antibodies. However, due to the use of a single cell type in that study, the tropism of the VSVΔG-BHLD pseudotype was not investigated. Here, we show that the cellular tropism of the pseudotype is severely limited compared to wild-type HSV-1 and that its entry pathways differ from the native HSV-1 entry pathways. To test the hypothesis that other HSV-1 envelope proteins may contribute to HSV-1 tropism, we generated a derivative pseudotype containing the HSV-1 glycoprotein gC (VSVΔG-BHLD-gC) and observed a gC-dependent increase in entry efficiency in two cell types. We propose that the pseudotyping platform developed here has the potential to uncover functional contributions of HSV-1 envelope proteins to entry in a gain-of-function manner.ImportanceHerpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) contain up to 16 different proteins in their envelopes. Four of these, glycoproteins gB, gD, gH, and gL, are termed essential with regard to entry whereas the rest are typically referred to as non-essential based on the entry phenotypes of the respective single genetic deletions. However, the single-gene deletion approach, which relies on robust loss-of-function phenotypes, may be confounded by functional redundancies among the many HSV-1 envelope proteins. We have developed a pseudotyping platform, in which the essential four entry glycoproteins are isolated from the rest, which can be added back individually for systematic gain-of-function entry experiments. Here, we show the utility of this platform for dissecting the contributions of HSV envelope proteins, both the essential four and the remaining dozen (using gC as an example), to HSV entry.
Assortative mate choice and epistatic mating-trait architecture induce complex movement of the crow hybrid zone
Authors: Metzler Dirk , Knief Ulrich , Peñalba Joshua V. , Wolf Jochen B. W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHybrid zones provide a window into the evolutionary processes governing species divergence. While the role of postzygotic isolation has been extensively characterized in the context of hybrid zones, the contribution of prezygotic isolation is less well explored. Here, we investigate the effects of assortative mate choice, the underlying preference function and mating-trait architecture, and the strength of sexual selection on hybrid zone dynamics. We explore this question by means of a mathematical model parameterized with phenotype and genotype data from the hybrid zone between all-black carrion and grey-coated hooded crows. The best-fit model resulted in narrow clines for two mating-trait loci coding for colour phenotype maintained by a moderate degree of assortative mating. Epistasis between the two loci induced hybrid-zone movement in favor of alleles conveying dark plumage followed by a shift in the opposite direction favouring grey-coated phenotypes ∼1,200 generations after secondary contact. Unlinked neutral loci diffused near-unimpeded across the zone. These results were generally robust to the choice of matching rule (self-referencing or parental imprinting) and effects of genetic drift. Overall, this study illustrates under which conditions assortative mating can maintain steep clines in mating-trait loci without generalizing to genome-wide reproductive isolation. It further emphasizes the importance of mating-trait architecture for spatio–temporal hybrid-zone dynamics.
Identification of Interleukin1β as an Amplifier of Interferon alpha-induced Antiviral Responses
Authors: Robichon Katharina , Maiwald Tim , Schilling Marcel , Schneider Annette , Willemsen Joschka , Salopiata Florian , Teusel Melissa , Salopiata  , Kreutz Clemens , Ehlting Christian , Huang Jun , Chakraborty Sajib , Huang Xiaoyun , Damm Georg , Seehofer Daniel , Lang Philipp A. , Bode Johannes G. , Binder Marco , Bartenschlager Ralf , Timmer Jens , Klingmüller Ursula 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe induction of an interferon-mediated response is the first line of defense against pathogens such as viruses. Yet, the dynamics and extent of interferon alpha (IFNα)-induced antiviral genes vary remarkably and comprise three expression clusters: early, intermediate and late. By mathematical modeling based on time-resolved quantitative data, we identified mRNA stability as well as a negative regulatory loop as key mechanisms endogenously controlling the expression dynamics of IFNα-induced antiviral genes in hepatocytes. Guided by the mathematical model, we uncovered that this regulatory loop is mediated by the transcription factor IRF2 and showed that knock-down of IRF2 results in enhanced expression of early, intermediate and late IFNα-induced antiviral genes. Co-stimulation experiments with different pro-inflammatory cytokines revealed that this amplified expression dynamics of the early, intermediate and late IFNα-induced antiviral genes can be mimicked by co-application of IFNα and interleukin1 beta (IL1β). Consistently, we found that IL1β enhances IFNα-mediated repression of viral replication. Conversely, we observed that in IL1β receptor knock-out mice replication of viruses sensitive to IFN is increased. Thus, IL1β is capable to potentiate IFNα-induced antiviral responses and could be exploited to improve antiviral therapies.Author SummaryInnate immune responses contribute to the control of viral infections and the induction of interferon alpha (IFNα)-mediated antiviral responses is an important component. However, IFNα induces a multitude of antiviral response genes and the expression dynamics of these genes can be classified as early, intermediate and late. Here we show, based on a mathematical modeling approach, that mRNA stability as well as the negative regulator IRF2 control the expression dynamics of IFNα-induced antiviral genes. Knock-down of IRF2 resulted in the amplified IFNα-mediated induction of the antiviral genes and this amplified expression of antiviral genes could be mimicked by co-stimulation with IFNα and IL1β. We observed that co-stimulation with IFNα and IL1β enhanced the repression of virus replication and that knock-out of the IL1 receptor in mice resulted in increased replication of a virus sensitive to IFNα. In sum, our studies identified IL1β as an important amplifier of IFNα-induced antiviral responses.
Genetic connectivity and diversity of endangered species the scalloped hammerhead sharkSphyrna lewini(Griffith & Smith 1834) population in Indonesia and Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Hadi Sutanto , Andayani Noviar , Muttaqin Effin , Simeon Benaya M , Ichsan Muhammad , Subhan Beginer , Madduppa Hawis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe scalloped hammerhead sharkSphyrna lewiniis an endangered species which expected to population declined worldwide including in Indonesia due to overexploited. However, there is a lack of information regarding recent population structure to promote proper management and conservation status in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure and connectivity ofS. lewinipopulation in Indonesia from three major sharks landing sites in Aceh (n= 41), Balikpapan (n= 30), Lombok (n= 29), and additional sequences retrieved from West Papua (n= 14) and Western Indian Ocean population (n= 65). Analyses of mitochondrial CO1 gene successfully identified a total of 179 sequences ofS. lewiniwith an average 594 bp nucleotide with 40 polymorphic loci in 4 haplotypes for Indonesian population and 8 haplotypes for Western Indian Ocean. The overall values of genetic diversity in Indonesia was high (Hd= 0.7171; π= 0.0126), with the highest was in Aceh (Hd= 0.6683; π= 0.0198), and the lowest was in Papua (Hd= 0.1429; π= 0.0005), while in Western Indian Ocean the overall value was fairly low (Hd= 0.2322; π= 0.0010). The AMOVA andFSTrevealed three significant population subdivisions in Indonesia (FST= 0.4415;p< 0.001) with separated population for Aceh and West Papua, and a mixing population between Balikpapan and Lombok (FST= 0.044;p= 0.089), whereas relatively no significant differentiation within population in Western Indian Ocean (FST= −0.0131;p= 0.6011), and significant different level showed by Indonesian population compared with Western Indian Ocean population (FST= 0.7403;p< 0.001). The construction of haplotype network exhibited evidence of gene flow and haplotype sharing between populations. This result indicated a complex and limited connectivity population ofS. lewiniin Indonesia, and between Western Indian Ocean in regional scale which need co-management action across region.
Specialization of mid-tier stages of dorsal and ventral pathways in stereoscopic processing
Authors: Yoshioka Toshihide W. , Doi Takahiro , Abdolrahmani Mohammad , Fujita Ichiro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe division of labor between the dorsal and ventral visual pathways is an influential model of parallel information processing in the cerebral cortex. However, direct comparison of the two pathways at the single-neuron resolution has been scarce. Here we compare how MT and V4, mid-tier areas of the two pathways in the monkey, process binocular disparity, a powerful cue for depth perception and visually guided actions. We report a novel tradeoff where MT neurons transmit disparity signals quickly and robustly, whereas V4 neurons markedly transform the nature of the signals with extra time to solve the stereo correspondence problem. Therefore, signaling speed and robustness are traded for computational complexity. The key factor in this tradeoff was the shape of disparity tuning: V4 neurons had more even-symmetric tuning than MT neurons. Moreover, this correlation between tuning shape and signal transformation was present across individual neurons within both MT and V4. Overall, our results reveal both distinct signaling advantages and common tuning-curve features of the dorsal and ventral pathways in stereoscopic processing.
Simulation of dielectric barrier discharge actuator at low Reynolds number
Authors: Vaziri Nima , Chern Ming-Jyh , Horng Tzyy-Leng , Syamsuri Syamsuri 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to the modeling of the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) actuator on the Eppler 387 (E387) airfoil in low Reynolds number conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
A validated direct-forcing immersed boundary method is used to solve the governing equations. A linear electric field model is used to simulate the DBD actuator. A ray-casting technique is used to define the geometry.

Findings
The purposed model is validated against the former studies. Next, the drag and lift coefficients in the static stall of the E387 airfoil are investigated. Results show that when the DBD actuator is on, both of the coefficients are increased. The effects of the location, applied voltage and applied frequency are also studied and find that the leading-edge actuator with higher voltage and frequency has better improvement in the forces. Finally, the dynamic stall of the E387 with the DBD actuator is considered. The simulation shows that generally when the DBD is on, the lift coefficient in the pitch-up section has lower values and in the pitch-down has higher values than the DBD off mode.

Practical implications
It is demonstrated that using the DBD actuator on E387 in the low Reynolds number condition can increase the lift and drag forces. Therefore, the application of the airfoil must be considered.

Originality/value
The results show that sometimes the DBD actuator has different effects on E387 airfoil in low Reynolds number mode than the general understanding of this tool.
A design method of capacitor arrays for high-resolution SAR ADCs
Authors: Wu Yuqing , Shen Jizhong , Liang Jun , Yao Maoqun 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The design method of high-resolution capacitor arrays was proposed to improve the precision of successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) without calibration and optimize the circuit area.

Design/methodology/approach
According to calculation of equivalent series capacitors and change of voltage at the comparator input node, two three-stage structures of capacitor arrays and a general design flow of the multi-stage capacitor arrays were presented. Non-ideal factors on the capacitor arrays were analyzed, and the applications of the two structures were explained based on the capacitor mismatch.

Findings
A multi-stage capacitor array for 16-bit SAR ADCs was implemented. The simulation result shows that its nonlinear error was less than 0.3LSB with no gain error and the sampling capacitance accounted for 92.42% of the total capacitance. Effects of capacitive parasitic and mismatch on capacitor arrays were confirmed.

Originality/value
The proposed method focused on capacitor arrays design of high-resolution SAR ADCs. It effectively reduced nonlinear errors, improved SNR and optimized the area of SAR ADCs. The design method was suitable for SAR ADCs with different resolutions to improve their precision.
Board structure and corporate R&D intensity: evidence from Forbes global 2000
Authors: AlHares Aws , Elamer Ahmed A. , Alshbili Ibrahem , Moustafa Maha W. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of board structure on risk-taking measured by research and development (R&D) intensity in OECD countries.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a panel data of 200 companies on Forbes global 2000 over the 2010-2014 period. It uses the ordinary least square multiple regression analysis techniques to examine the hypotheses.FindingsThe results show that the frequency of board meetings and board size are significantly and negatively related to risk-taking measured by R&D intensity, with a greater significance among Anglo-American countries than among Continental European countries. The rationale for this is that the legal and accounting systems in the Anglo American countries have greater protection through greater emphasis on compliance and disclosure, and therefore, allowing for less risk-taking.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research could investigate risk-taking using different arrangements, conducting face-to-face meetings with the firm’s directors and shareholders.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that better-governed firms at the firm- or national-level have a high expectancy of less risk-taking. These results offer regulators a resilient incentive to pursue corporate governance (CG) and disclosure reforms officially and mutually with national-level governance. Thus, these results show the monitoring and legitimacy benefits of governance, resulting in less risk-taking. Finally, the findings offer investors the opportunity to build specific expectations about risk-taking behaviour in terms of R&D intensity in OECD countries.Originality/valueThis study extends and contributes to the extant CG literature, by offering new evidence on the effect of board structure on risk-taking. The findings will help policymakers in different countries in estimating the sufficiency of the available CG reforms to prevent management mishandle and disgrace.
Identifying the important attitude of Islamic brands and its effect on buying behavioural intentions among Malaysian Muslims
Authors: Jumani Zulfiqar Ali , Sukhabot Sasiwemon 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
Multi-national corporations (MNC) are investing in Malaysia to serve Malay Muslims by carrying the tag line “we are Islamic” for their products. Academicians defined it, as “Islamic brand/s”. Islamic brand/s further divided into three subcategories, namely, Islamic brand/s by compliance, Islamic brand/s by the customer and Islamic brand/s by country of origin. This study aims to identify the important aspect of the Islamic brand/s among the Malaysian Muslims, and it identifies, which Islamic brand aspect motivate Malay consumers to buy Islamic brands.

Design/methodology/approach
The conceptual model takes on in the current study was the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The data was collected from three states of Malaysia (Penang, Kuala Lumpur and Johor Baharu) from 236 Malaysian Muslims through a structured survey instrument. Smart-partial least squares 3 statistical software was used for analyses.

Findings
Among Malaysian Muslims, the most important attitude is the Islamic brand/s by origin (country of origin) followed by the Islamic brand/s by the customer and Islamic brand/s by compliance.

Research limitations/implications
The study was conducted in three states of Malaysia, and the results are based on three attitudes of Islamic brands as independent variables and buying behavioural intentions (BI) construct of TPB.

Practical implications
Current study valuable for local businesses, MNCs, other Islamic and halal institutes. This study put light and give awareness of the positioning of the Islamic brand/s. Plus the intentions of users in selecting Islamic brand/s.

Originality/value
This research pursues to clarify consumers’ buying BIs in buying Islamic brand/s in Malaysia.