bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community‐level responses to climate change in forests of the eastern United States
Authors: Knott Jonathan A. , Jenkins Michael A. , Oswalt Christopher M. , Fei Songlin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimClimate change has impacted forest ecosystems, leading to species‐level tree migration. However, the impacts of climate change on forest communities are mostly unknown. Here, we assess changes to forest communities at three scales: within‐community changes in species composition, individual community spatial shifts and changes across all communities.LocationEastern USA.Major taxa studiedForest tree species.MethodsUsing a region‐wide forest inventory dataset from the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis Program with > 70,000 plots, we identified forest communities using the latent Dirichlet allocation method. We analysed changes in species composition within communities and assessed community‐level spatial shifts over the last three decades to quantify the responses of individual communities to climate change. We used the distribution of forest communities across climate conditions to predict where communities could migrate to during the study period and compared climate‐predicted shifts with observed community shifts. Changes across all communities were modelled as a function of climatic and non‐climatic variables using generalized linear mixed‐effects models.ResultsWe identified 12 regional forest communities of the eastern USA, which varied in their stability of species composition over the study period. All communities experienced relatively short yet significant shifts in their spatial distribution (median = 8.0 km/decade). Historical climate and changes in seasonal temperature variability were the best predictors of change across all communities. However, the distance and direction of individual community migration were poorly predicted by climate change, and the observed direction was often the opposite of the predicted direction.Main conclusionsForest communities shifted their distributions over the last three decades, but climate change outpaced the rate of community migration. Continued lags between climate change and forest community responses and the lack of migration in the direction predicted by climate change might lead to the inability of forests to keep up with changing climate.
A critical evaluation of the Oscillayers methods and datasets
Authors: Brown Jason L. , Hill Daniel J. , Haywood Alan M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHere we evaluate Oscillayers, a new method that aims to estimate palaeoclimates for the past 5.4 Myr, and discuss the associated theoretical and methodological issues. We show that the theoretical foundation of Oscillayers is inherently limited, because the method cannot incorporate spatio‐temporal variation and different forcing mechanisms into climate reconstructions. In addition, several methodological weaknesses are clarified that entrench the palaeoclimatic reconstruction of Oscillayers to patterns of climate change observed between the Last Glacial Maximum and current climates. We test the utility of the Oscillayers method to produce palaeoclimatic reconstructions that are similar to general circulation model (GCM)‐based estimates. On average, only 55.6% of values in the mean annual temperature datasets across the Pliocene and Pleistocene were within ±3°C when compared with corresponding GCM‐based datasets. Furthermore, on average only 75.3% of values in the mean annual precipitation datasets across the Pliocene and Pleistocene were within ±200 mm of rainfall of the GCM‐based estimates. Our results demonstrate that the Oscillayers approach does not provide a robust approximation of palaeoclimatic conditions throughout the Plio‐Pleistocene. Thus, when these datasets are used for scientific analyses, the results should be interpreted with a full appreciation of their limitations, particularly for periods outside the last glacial cycle.
Development and evaluation of the population pharmacokinetic models for FVIII and FIX concentrates of the WAPPS‐Hemo project
Authors: Hajducek Dagmar M. , Chelle Pierre , Hermans Cedric , Iorio Alfonso , McEneny‐King Alanna , Yu Jacky , Edginton Andrea 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Web‐Accessible Population Pharmacokinetic Service (WAPPS) project generates individually predicted pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and tailored prophylactic treatment regimens for haemophilic patients, which rely on a set of population PK (PopPK) models providing concentrate‐specific priors for the Bayesian forecasting methodology.AimTo describe the predictive performance of the WAPPS PopPK models in use on the WAPPS‐Hemo platform.MethodsData for modelling include dense PK data obtained from industry sponsored and independent PK studies, and dense and sparse data accumulated through WAPPS‐Hemo. WAPPS PopPK models were developed via non‐linear mixed‐effect modelling taking into account the effects of covariates and between‐individual—and sometimes between‐occasion—variability. Model evaluation consisted of (a) prediction‐corrected Visual Predictive Check (pcVPC), (b) Limited Sampling Analysis (LSA) and (c) repeated hold‐out cross‐validation.ResultsThirty‐three WAPPS PopPK models built on data from 3188 patients (ages 1‐78 years) under treatment by factor VIII or IX products (FVIII, FIX) were evaluated. Overall, models exhibit excellent performance characteristics. The pcVPC shows that the observed PK data fall within acceptable 90% interpercentile predictive bands. A slight overprediction beyond the expected half‐life, an anticipated result of using sparse data, occurs for some models. The LSA results in lower than 3% of relative error for FVIII and FIX products and 16% for engineered FIX products. Cross‐Validation analysis yields relative errors lower than 1.5% and 1.4% in estimates of half‐life and time to 0.02 IU/mL, respectively.ConclusionThe WAPPS‐Hemo models consistently showed excellent performance characteristics for the intended use for Bayesian forecasting of individual PK profiles.
Adapting epicutaneous patch testing protocols to assess immediate‐type skin reactions
Authors: Mehling A. , Benard S. , Braun N. , Degwert J. , Duttine M. , Jassoy C. , Merk H. , Rossow U. , Welzel J. , Wigger‐Alberti W. , Wilhelm K.P. , Ennen J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveDuring the development of cosmetic formulations, in vitro and in vivo methods are essential tools used to reliably assess the skin irritation potential of a product or ingredient. Epicutaneous patch testing (single and/or multiple application protocols) has long been used as an initial in vivo method to screen for possible skin irritation properties of a substance or formulation. To confirm the mildness and dermatological and/or consumer acceptance of a product, use tests are often subsequently conducted. A study was therefore initiated to see how well patch test results correlate with use tests with respect to irritation elicited by skincare (leave‐on) products.Methods/resultsA number of different cosmetic formulations were assessed in both tests. Although the patch test results did not indicate substantial irritation potentials, immediate‐type reactions (stinging and redness) were observed in some volunteers which disappeared within approx. 1 h. Although transient, these reactions suggested that consumer acceptance would probably be low and the studies were discontinued. Immediate‐type reactions are rare but have been described for some substances used in cosmetics. These unexpected results were nevertheless intriguing and prompted the start of a journey to see if patch test protocols could be modified to assess these reactions. An occlusive short‐term patch test protocol with an application period of 20 min was developed. Successful identification of the spontaneous reactions became possible. Furthermore, there was a correlation between the intensity of reactions observed in the short‐term patch test and those observed in the controlled in‐use studies. Short‐term patch testing using the developed protocol can therefore reliably be used as a screening method, for example in the development and optimization of cosmetic formulations containing ingredients that could cause spontaneous reactions, for instance of non‐immunological contact urticaria type.ConclusionThe lessons learned from this studies indicate that simple modifications of existing test protocols can lead to important insights into skin reactions. These modifications can then be used to create further building blocks in the development and optimization of test strategies for cosmetic formulations which offer reliable study designs for possible reactions product developers may encounter.
Optimization of electrical conductivity in the Na2O‐P2O5‐AlF3‐SO3 glass system
Authors: Le Quyen H. , Calahoo Courtney , Xia Yang , Buchheim Johannes , Bragatto Caio B. , Wondraczek Lothar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report on the individual roles of charge carrier density and network modification in sodium ion conducting glasses from the Na2O‐P2O5‐SO3‐AlF3 (NAPFS) system. For this, a broad range of glass compositions was considered across the series of 44Na2O/(56 – x − y)P2O5/xAlF3/ySO3, 47Na2O/(53 − x − y)P2O5/xAlF3/ySO3, and 50Na2O/(50 − x − y)P2O5/xAlF3/ySO3, with x = 8, 12, 16, 20 and y = 0, 5, 7, 10, 12. Impedance spectroscopy was conducted on these glasses at frequencies from 10−2 to 106 Hz and over temperatures from 50 to 250°C, and complemented by structural analyses using Raman spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance data. While the trends in dc conductivity and activation energy follow that of Na2O content (increasing from 44 to 50 mol%), substantial enhancement of conductivity (by about two orders of magnitude) and correspondingly lower activation energy were also found for constant Na2O concentration when adjusting SO3 or AlF3 within specific limits of glass structure.
Nurses' role in delivering discharge education to general surgical patients: A qualitative study
Authors: Kang Evelyn , Tobiano Georgia A. , Chaboyer Wendy , Gillespie Brigid M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore nurses' perceived role and experience in providing discharge education to general surgical patients.DesignQualitative, using focus groups and face‐to‐face individual interviews.MethodsPurposive sampling with maximum variation was used to recruit nurses from the general surgical wards in a tertiary hospital in Queensland, Australia. Semi‐structured interviews (three focus groups and four individual interviews) were conducted with 21 nurses involved in delivering postoperative discharge education from August 2018 ‐ July 2019. Interview data were analysed using inductive content analysis.ResultsFour themes emerged: assuming responsibility for patient education in the absence of discharge communication; supporting patients to participate in self‐management after hospitalization; variability in the resources, content and delivery of discharge education; and meeting operational demands compromises the quality of patients' discharge education.ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of nurses' role and the challenges encountered in delivering effective discharge education. These findings can be used to identify strategies to enhance discharge communication among health professionals and standardize the delivery of education to improve surgical patients' postoperative outcomes.ImpactIneffective discharge education contributes to patients' poor management of their postdischarge recovery. Developing an understanding of nurses' role in discharge education can inform policies and nursing practice to improve patients' well‐being and reduce the potential for unplanned and emergency care.
The effectiveness of web‐based mobile health interventions in paediatric outpatient surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Rantala Arja , Pikkarainen Minna , Miettunen Jouko , He Hong‐Gu , Pölkki Tarja 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of web‐based mobile health interventions on paediatric patients and their parents in the day surgery context, where the primary outcome was children's pre‐operative anxiety and secondary outcomes were postoperative pain and parents’ anxiety and satisfaction with entire course of the day surgery.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials.Data SourcesCENTRAL, CINAHL, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science were systematically searched without time limits (up to December 2018).Review MethodsStudies were appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A random effect meta‐analysis of children's pre‐operative anxiety was performed.ResultsEight studies with a total of 722 patients were included in the analysis. The effectiveness of web‐based mobile health interventions, including age‐appropriate videos, web‐based game apps, and educational preparation games made for the hospital environment, was examined in pre‐operative settings. A meta‐analysis (N = 560 children) based on six studies found a statistically significant reduction in pre‐operative anxiety measured by the Modified Yale Pre‐operative Anxiety Scale with a moderate effect size. Three studies reported parental satisfaction.ConclusionWeb‐based mobile health interventions can reduce children's pre‐operative anxiety and increase parental satisfaction. Web‐based mobile health interventions could be considered as non‐pharmacological distraction tools for children in nursing. There is not enough evidence regarding the effectiveness of reducing children's postoperative pain and parental anxiety using similar interventions.ImpactWeb‐based mobile health interventions reduce children´s pre‐operative anxiety and could therefore be considered as non‐pharmacological distraction tools for children in nursing.
Depression and self‐care in older adults with multiple chronic conditions: A multivariate analysis
Authors: Iovino Paolo , De Maria Maddalena , Matarese Maria , Vellone Ercole , Ausili Davide , Riegel Barbara 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsTo investigate the relationship between depression and self‐care behaviours in older individuals with multimorbidity.DesignCross‐sectional study. Data were collected between April 2017 – June 2019.MethodsPatients were enrolled from community and outpatient settings and included if they were ≥65 years, affected by heart failure, diabetes mellitus or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and at least another chronic condition. They were excluded if they had dementia and/or cancer. Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 was used to measure depression and Self‐Care of Chronic Illness Inventory was used to measure self‐care maintenance, monitoring, and management. The relationship between depression and self‐care was evaluated by performing two sets of univariate analyses, followed by multivariate and step‐down analyses. The second set was performed to control for the number of chronic conditions, age, and cognitive function.ResultsThe sample (N = 366) was mostly female (54.2%), with a mean age of 76.4 years. Most participants (65.6%) had mild to very severe depressive symptoms. Preliminary analysis indicated a significant negative association between depression and self‐care maintenance and monitoring and a significant negative association between depression and multivariate self‐care. Step‐down analysis showed that self‐care maintenance was the only dimension negatively associated with depression, even after controlling for the number of chronic conditions, age, and cognitive function.ConclusionIn multimorbid populations, depression is more likely to be associated with self‐care maintenance than the other self‐care dimensions. Therefore, self‐care maintenance behaviours (e.g., physical activity and medication adherence) should be prioritized in assessment and focused on when developing interventions targeting depressed older adults with multimorbidity.ImpactThe results of this study may help guide clinical practice. In patients with depressive symptoms, self‐care maintenance behaviours should be assessed first, as a potential first indicator of poor self‐care.
Longitudinal changes in frailty prevalence and related factors in older adults living in long‐term care facilities
Authors: Oh Eunmi , Moon SeolHwa , Hong Gwi‐Ryung S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsTo investigate longitudinal changes in the prevalence of frailty and related factors in older adults residing in long‐term care facilities (LTCFs) in Korea.DesignA longitudinal cohort study design.MethodsThree hundred and fifty adults (aged 65 and older) residing in 10 LTCFs between January 2014 and January 2016 in Korea were initially investigated. Among these, 182 participants were included in the final analysis. Fried's Cardiovascular Health Study index was used to assess frailty based on Freiheit and colleagues. Data analysed included descriptive statistics and repeated‐measures multivariate analysis of variance.ResultsThe prevalence of frailty was 25.8%, 33.5% and 35.2% in 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. Differences in dependence of activities of daily living, number of chronic diseases, nutritional status and depression were statistically significant among the normal, pre‐frail and frail groups at each year. Overall, from 2014–2016, the percentage of older adults decreased from 9.4–6.0% in the normal group and from 64.8%–58.8% in the pre‐frail group, while increasing in the frail group from 25.8%–35.2%.ConclusionThe prevalence rate of frailty among older adults living in LTCFs was high and the rate of frail older adults gradually increased over time.ImpactFrailty is a comprehensive health condition and a dynamic, changeable state. This longitudinal study showed a high rate of frailty and dynamic change in frailty level over time among residents. Because frailty is dynamic in every older adult over time, management should be tailored according to the individual's state of frailty to prevent functional decline. Development of a comprehensive frailty assessment tool that can easily measure not only physical frailty but also the comprehensive aspects of frailty would be useful for older adults in LTCFs.
A systematic mixed studies review of health behaviour change interventions in colorectal cancer survivors
Authors: Sweeney‐Magee Molly , Moustaqim‐Barrette Amina , Gotay Carolyn , Dummer Trevor 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore available health behaviour change interventions in improving key health behaviours in colorectal cancer survivors and patient perspectives about these interventions.DesignA systematic mixed studies review was conducted.Data SourcesDatabases searched included Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, EBSCO PsychoInfo and EBSCO CINAHL. A grey literature search was also completed using Google Scholar and the TRIP database. Identified studies were published between 2003 – 2018.Review methodsA parallel‐results convergent synthesis design using narrative syntheses was used. Data analysis was conducted following a process of constant comparison. Quality appraisal was conducted using recognized tools appropriate to different study designs.ResultsSixteen unique studies were identified from an initial search of 354 records. There was a pattern of successful physical activity and dietary change associated with behaviour change interventions of varying intensity, modality and length, but sparse description of intervention content was common. Participants preferred clear explanations of health behaviour importance and for interventions to be administered in sessions either with, or led by, other patients.ConclusionThe available evidence tentatively suggests that behaviour change interventions can improve the health behaviours of colorectal cancer survivors. However, more research focused on identifying key intervention elements is needed. Patients indicated clear preferences for specific intervention content and delivery, but further research is needed to allow for the appropriate incorporation of patient preferences into the design of such interventions.ImpactThis review highlights the potential for interventions to improve health behaviours evidenced to influence short and long‐term health outcomes in colorectal cancer survivors. However, the examination of the impact of these interventions and patient perspectives indicated a paucity of research. This is an important finding in demonstrating additional research is necessary to improve the support available to a growing group of patients with complex health needs.
The geography of speciation in dasyurid marsupials
Authors: García‐Navas Vicente , Kear Benjamin P. , Westerman Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo determine the effects of competition and divergence time on morphological dissimilarity and geographical range overlap between dasyurid species at both regional and local scales. Our hypothesis is that speciation in this group has been largely allopatric at regional scale, but involved morphological divergence at local scale through sympatric character displacement.LocationAustralia, New Guinea and surrounding islands.TaxonDasyurid (Dasyuridae) marsupials, 67 species.MethodsGeographical range overlap was quantified using polygons representing the outer limits of species distributions. Local‐scale range overlap was quantified as the degree of co‐occurrence of two taxa across a set of ecological survey plots representing 83 sampled communities. Phylogenies were generated using a novel DNA dataset, with divergence times estimated via total‐evidence dating incorporating fossils. Morphological divergence was determined using body mass and lower molar row length as proxy traits for reconstructing niche exploitation.ResultsSister species pairs were found to be sympatric in 52% (11/21) of cases. Range overlap tended to increase with node age, which supports the hypothesis that mammalian speciation is routinely allopatric. We detected no evidence of character displacement with increasing range overlap between sister species pairs. However, a negative relationship was observed between morphological divergence in body mass and range overlap across all sampled taxa, suggesting that selection in sympatry is convergent, while divergent selection occurs in allopatry. Local‐scale co‐occurrences revealed no trace of species aversion, indicating that competition has not impacted on the spatial distribution of dasyurids.Main conclusionsDespite moderate levels of sympatry through time, our results evince low rates of spatial co‐occurrence between dasyurid species. Although this may be indicative competitive exclusion, the lack of character displacement suggests that biotic interactions have likely not acted as a dominant driver of phenotypic evolution in this radiation. We alternatively posit that abiotic factors including aridity and geographical connectivity have more feasibly propagated character convergence, and led to both niche conservatism and speciation in this ubiquitous australidelphian clade.