bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curbing the Challenges in Recent Treatment Guideline for Early Management of Individuals with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Recommendation for Therapeutic Hypothermia
Authors: Ede Stephen Sunday 
Published: November 2020

Background: There has been little prognosis in improving function after a complete spinal lesion. The viewpoint that little can be done to improve motor function after complete SCI seems conceptually and scientifically part of the past. With advance in medicine, better neurological outcome is long expected.
Objectives: The purpose of this review is to explore the challenges in recent treatment guidelines’ for early management of patient with TSCI and to draw recommendation for Therapeutic hypothermia.
Methods: We conducted a scoping study review comprising 28 studies (2010 to 2020) to identify and examine the research literature related to challenges’ in recent treatment guidelines’ for early management of patient with TSCI.
Findings: 28 studies were reviewed. Most cited challenges were surgical timing (26%), followed by controversy on the application of MPS (28.6%). In each of the studies, various challenges of acute stage interventions were outline with poor common standards and recommendations for clinical practices. Surgical decompression (16 papers) was the most cited intervention. Generally, result showed that despite the progress that has been made in the acute management of patients with SCI, neurological outcomes have not improved significantly in recent decades.
Conclusion: Key early interventions are increasingly being recognized; combined Neuroprotective and neuroregenerative care are probably more effective and they inspire current and future research. We concluded that an evidence based guidelines for TH would help reduce the doom experience around complete SCIs. Thus there is a need to better define the beneficial effect of TH on the injured SCI.
Automated phantom analysis for gamma cameras and SPECT: A methodology for use in a clinical setting
Authors: Tazegul Tutku E. , Polemi Andrew M. , Snyder Angela , Snyder Carl , Collins Patricia G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeWe introduce an automated, quantitative image analysis package for gamma camera and single photon emission computed tomography quality control. Our focus was to produce consistent methods that are feasible in clinical settings and use standard phantoms.MethodsFour gamma cameras were used to acquire planar images of four‐quadrant bar phantoms and projection views of an American College of Radiology (ACR) phantom as part of a standard gamma camera quality control program. Images were sent to QC‐Track® (Atirix Medical Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA), which automatically placed predetermined regions of interest (ROIs) and performed analysis. For the bar phantom, a standard deviation (SD)‐based modulation transfer function was calculated for a circular ROI in each quadrant. The bar widths at various MTF values were reported using linear interpolation as applicable. For the ACR phantom, the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) for each sphere, a modulation for each rods section, and a percent deviation for uniformity ROIs was calculated. Spheres corresponding to a CNR of 3, and the rod size at various modulations were also reported using linear interpolation. Visual analysis was performed by three medical physicists to evaluate interobserver variability and correlation to quantitative values.ResultsAnalysis of the bar phantom showed predictable differences with changes in matrix size and bar width and showed consistency over similar acquisitions over the course of the study. Analysis of the ACR Phantom showed increasing CNR and modulation with increasing sphere and rod diameter, as expected. For both phantoms, quantitative values from linear interpolation correlated well with visual analysis.ConclusionOur automated method for quantitative image analysis is consistent and shows increased precision and sensitivity when compared to standard visual methods. Thresholds correspond well with visual analysis and previous guidelines for observer visibility (e.g., Rose criterion), making our framework suitable for routine use in a nuclear medicine department.
Monte Carlo simulations of EBT3 film dose deposition for percentage depth dose (PDD) curve evaluation
Authors: Robinson Spencer M. , Esplen Nolan , Wells Derek , Bazalova‐Carter Magdalena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo use Monte Carlo (MC) calculations to evaluate the effects of Gafchromic EBT3 film orientation on percentage depth dose (PDD) curves.MethodsDose deposition in films placed in a water phantom, and oriented either parallel or perpendicular with respect to beam axis, were simulated with MC and compared to PDDs scored in a homogenous water phantom. The effects of introducing 0.01–1.00 mm air gaps on each side of the film as well as a small 1°‐3° tilt for film placed in parallel orientation were studied. PDDs scored based on two published EBT3 film compositions were compared. Three photon beam energies of 120 kVp, 220 kVp, and 6 MV and three field sizes between 1 × 1 and 5 × 5 cm2 were considered. Experimental PDDs for a 6‐MV 3 × 3 cm2 beam were acquired.ResultsPDD curves for films in perpendicular orientation more closely agreed to water PDDs than films placed in parallel orientation. The maximum difference between film and water PDD for films in parallel orientation was −12.9% for the 220 kVp beam. For the perpendicular film orientation, the maximum difference decreased to 5.7% for the 120 kVp beam. The inclusion of an air gap had the largest effect on the 6‐MV 1 × 1 cm2 beam, for which the dose in the buildup region was underestimated by 21.2% compared to the simulation with no air gap. A 2° film tilt decreased the difference between the parallel film and homogeneous water phantom PDDs from −5.0% to −0.5% for the 6 MV 3 × 3 cm2 beam. The “newer” EBT3 film composition resulted in larger PDD discrepancies than the previous composition. Experimental film data qualitatively agreed with MC simulations.ConclusionsPDD measurements with films should either be performed with film in perpendicular orientation to the beam axis or in parallel orientation with a ~ 2º tilt and no air gaps.
siRNA Nanoparticle Suppresses Drug‐Resistant Gene and Prolongs Survival in an Orthotopic Glioblastoma Xenograft Mouse Model
Authors: Wang Kui , Kievit Forrest M. , Chiarelli Peter A. , Stephen Zachary R. , Lin Guanyou , Silber John R. , Ellenbogen Richard G. , Zhang Miqin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTemozolomide (TMZ) is the standard‐of‐care chemotherapy drug for treating glioblastomas (GBMs), the most aggressive cancer that affects people of all ages. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited by the drug‐resistance mediated by a DNA repair protein, O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), which eliminates the TMZ‐induced DNA lesions. Here, the development of an iron oxide nanoparticle (NP) system for targeted delivery of small interfering RNAs to suppress the TMZ‐resistance gene (MGMT) is reported. The NPs are able to overcome biological barriers, bind specifically to tumor cells, and reduce MGMT expression in tumors of mice bearing orthotopic GBM serially passaged patient‐derived xenografts. The treatment with sequential administration of this NP and TMZ result in increased apoptosis of GBM stem‐like cells, reduced tumor growth, and significantly prolonged survival as compared to mice treated with TMZ alone. This study introduces an approach that holds great promise to improve the outcomes of GBM patients.
Methane Detection with a Tungsten‐Calix[4]arene‐Based Conducting Polymer Embedded Sensor Array
Authors: Lu Ru‐Qiang , Luo Shao‐Xiong Lennon , He Qilin , Concellón Alberto , Swager Timothy M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe detection of methane is important for industry, environment, and our daily life, but is made challenging by its small size, high volatility, and nonpolar nature. Herein, a tungsten‐capped calix[4]arene‐based p‐doped conducting polymer with hexafluorophosphate or perchlorate counter‐anions as a transducer is used to detect methane in dry air. The host–guest interaction between calixarene moieties within the polymer chain and methane molecules leads to the resistance variation of the polymer. The experimental limit of detection (LoD) of methane for the polymer‐based sensor is demonstrated to be less than 50 ppm at room temperature, and the extrapolated theoretical LoD of 2 ppm represents exceptional sensitivity to methane. Furthermore, the discrimination of methane from interfering volatile organic compounds is achieved by exploiting a sensor array using complementary chemiresistors and principal component analysis.
Photothermo‐Promoted Nanocatalysis Combined with H2S‐Mediated Respiration Inhibition for Efficient Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yang Zebin , Luo Yu , Hu Yanan , Liang Kaicheng , He Gao , Chen Qian , Wang Qigang , Chen Hangrong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNanocatalytic medicine has emerged as a promising method for the specific cancer therapy by mediating the interaction between tumor microenvironment biomarkers and nanoagents. However, the produced antitumor cell killing molecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), by catalysis are insufficient to inhibit tumor growth. Herein, a novel kind of polyvinyl pyrrolidone modified multifunctional iron sulfide nanoparticles (Fe1−xS‐PVP NPs) is developed via a one‐step hydrothermal method, which exhibits high photothermal (PT) conversion efficiency (η = 24%) under the irradiation of 808 nm near‐infrared laser. The increased temperature further facilitates the Fenton reaction to generate abundant •OH radicals. More importantly, under an acidic (pH = 6.5) condition within tumor environment, the Fe1−xS‐PVP NPs can in situ produce H2S gas, which is evidenced to suppress the activity of enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (COX IV) in cancer cells, contributing to inhibit the growth of tumor. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the H2S‐mediated gas therapy in combination with PT enhanced ROS achieves excellent antitumor performance, which can open up a new approach for the design of gas‐mediated cancer treatment.
Does an Income Gap between Farm and Nonfarm Households Still Exist? The Case of the European Union
Authors: Rocchi Benedetto , Marino Maria , Severini Simone 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe paper compares the income conditions of farm and nonfarm households in the whole EU and within three geographical groups of countries for the period 2008–2016. Overcoming the simple comparison of raw means of the groups, we estimate the farm/nonfarm income differentials by using Regression Adjusted and Covariate Matching techniques, which allow to control for observable characteristics among groups. Three innovative features of our analysis are that we account for the whole income of farm households (i.e. not only farm income), for the presence of in‐kind incomes from self‐consumption of produced goods and imputed rents from properties, and for the complex survey design. We find that an income differential still exists but with relevant differences across countries and along the period. Most of it is due to differences in the households’ characteristics. Hence, comparing raw means of the two groups can be misleading. Nonmonetary sources of income play a not negligible role, improving the relative position of farm households. The role of agricultural and rural policy is discussed in the light of results.
Genetic control of tumor development in malformation syndromes
Authors: Postema Floor A.M. , Oosterwijk Jan C. , Hennekam Raoul C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne of the questions that arises frequently when caring for an individual with a malformation syndrome, is whether some form of tumor surveillance is indicated. In some syndromes there is a highly variable increased risk to develop tumors, while in others this is not the case. The risks can be hard to predict and difficult to explain to affected individuals and their families, and often also to caregivers. The queries arise especially if syndrome causing mutations are also known to occur in tumors. It needs insight in the mechanisms to understand and explain differences of tumor occurrence, and to offer optimal care to individuals with syndromes. Here we provide a short overview of the major mechanisms of the control for tumor occurrences in malformation syndromes.
Enantioselective Intermolecular Heck and Reductive Heck Reactions of Aryl Triflates, Mesylates, and Tosylates Catalyzed by Nickel
Authors: Huang Xiaolei , Teng Shenghan , Chi Yonggui Robin , Xu Wenqiang , Pu Maoping , Wu Yun‐Dong , Zhou Jianrong Steve 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNickel‐catalyzed intermolecular Heck reaction of cycloalkenes proceeds well with aryl triflates, mesylates and tosylates in excellent enantiomeric ratios. The asymmetric reductive Heck reaction also works with a 2‐cyclopentenone ketal, which is equivalent to conjugate arylation of the enone itself.
HPM‐14: A New Germanosilicate Zeolite with Interconnected Extra‐Large Pores Plus Odd‐Membered and Small Pores**
Authors: Gao Zihao Rei , Li Jian , Lin Cong , Mayoral Alvaro , Sun Junliang , Camblor Miguel A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHPM‐14 is a new extra‐large pore zeolite synthesized using imidazolium‐based organic structure‐directing agents (SDAs), fluoride anions, and germanium and silicon as tetrahedral components of the framework. Owing to the presence of stacking disorder, the structure elucidation of HPM‐14 was challenging, and different techniques were necessary to clarify the details of the structure and to understand the nature of the disorder. The structure has been solved by three‐dimensional electron‐diffraction technique (3D ED) and consists of an intergrowth of two polymorphs possessing a three‐dimensional channel system, including an extra‐large pore opened through windows made up of sixteen tetrahedral atoms (16‐membered ring, 16MR) as well as two additional sets of odd‐membered (9MR) and small (8MR) pores. The intergrowth has been studied by scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs‐STEM) and powder X‐ray diffraction simulations (DIFFaX), which show a large predominance of the monoclinic polymorph A.
A 34‐Electron Superatom Ag78 Cluster with Regioselective Ternary Ligands Shells and Its 2D Rhombic Superlattice Assembly
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Jing , Liu Zhen , Song Ke‐Peng , Aikens Christine M. , Zhang Shan‐Shan , Wang Zhi , Tung Chen‐Ho , Sun Di 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHerein, we report a 78‐nuclei silver nanocluster (NC) [Ag78(iPrPhS)30(dppm)10Cl10]4+ (SD/Ag78a; dppm=bis‐(diphenylphosphino)methane) that was synthesized through a one‐pot reaction using [Ag(pz)]n as precursor (Hpz=pyrazole) and further characterized by X‐ray crystallography. SD/Ag78a shows a core–shell structure comprised of an all‐metallic Ag53 kernel surrounded by an Ag25 discontinuous metal–organic shell. The Ag53 kernel is an Ag13 Ino decahedron encaged by an Ag40 drum‐like shell, while the Ag25 shell consists of two Ag10S10P10Cl5 rings and five S‐Ag‐S staples. Three types of ligands regioselectively cap on the surface of the Ag78 NC, forming diverse metal–ligand interfacial structures. The NC is a closed‐shell 34‐electron superatom with +4 charge state and shows highly featured molecule‐like absorption spectra in the UV/Vis region with a maximum around 493 nm. The rhombic superlattice assembled from SD/Ag78a through intercluster C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions can be formed by a simple drop‐casting treatment.
Effect of thermo‐oxidative aging on surface characteristics of benzoxazine and epoxy copolymer
Authors: Moghtadernejad Sara , Barjasteh Ehsan , Johnson Zachary , Stolpe Thomas , Banuelos Jose 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe copolymer of bisphenol A‐based benzoxazine and cycloaliphatic epoxy resin possesses greater processability and glass‐transition temperature compared to that of benzoxazine homopolymer, making it suitable for high‐temperature aerospace applications. The aim of this work is to investigate the behavior of the copolymers under thermos‐oxidative aging conditions using the surface characterization techniques. The benzoxazine homopolymer and copolymer samples were thermally aged in an air‐circulating oven under controlled temperatures of 180 and 200°C for various periods of time up to 24 weeks. The thermo‐oxidative‐induced weight change and surface cracking were monitored for samples during the aging period. As an alternative method to characterize thermal aging, static contact angle, and contact angle hysteresis of samples were measured over time. Moreover, droplet impact tests using deionized water were performed on stationary and moving samples to investigate the effects of aging time and temperature on impact dynamics of droplets. In addition, FTIR analysis was performed to evaluate the chemical changes on the surface of samples. The results indicated the extent of degradation of aged samples increased with increasing the aging time and temperature. In addition, the copolymer of cycloaliphatic epoxy and benzoxazine showed a greater amount of thermos‐oxidative degradation than the one for benzoxazine homopolymer. More importantly, the results obtained from the surface analysis measurements (e.g., contact angle) followed a similar trend to the one obtained from the traditional aging experiments (e.g., weight change). This showed the former nondestructive and simple method can be used to monitor thermal aging of materials in service.
Wind energy conversion system under asymmetrical voltage failures: Analysis and nonlinear control
Authors: Fernández Roberto D. , Valenciaga Fernando , Peña Ricardo R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis work presents the analysis and proposes nonlinear controls of a wind energy conversion system (WECS) to pass through symmetrical and asymmetrical voltage failures. The WECS is equipped with a nonsalient pole permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and two full converters, synchronous generator side converter (SGSC) and grid side converter (GSC), joined by a direct current (DC) link. As a consequence of the strong disturbances considered, a general strategy based on grid voltage values changes control references at SGSC and GSC. This strategy uses two flags for indicating normal grid voltages, symmetrical faults, or asymmetrical ones. Then, while control laws deal with model uncertainties and fast disturbances due to wind gusts, the strategy changes references to surpass strong, probably unbalanced, grid voltages disturbances. To assure robust properties, controllers are designed via a conjunction of Lyapunov and passivity theories. The proposed controllers and the strategy are tested under realistic wind conditions, uncertain parameters, and strong voltage disturbances.
Impact of sleep quality on post‐stroke anxiety in stroke patients
Authors: Xiao Meijuan , Huang Guiqian , Feng Liang , Luan Xiaoqian , Wang Qiongzhang , Ren Wenwei , Chen Siyan , He Jincai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore whether poor sleep is associated with post‐stroke anxiety (PSA) in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and to verify whether poor sleep is a predictor of PSA.MethodsA total of 327 patients with AIS were enrolled and followed up for 1 month. Sleep quality within 1 month before stroke was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at admission. The patients were divided into the poor sleep group (PSQI > 7, n = 76) and good sleep group (PSQI ≤ 7, n = 251). One month after stroke, patients with obvious anxiety symptoms and a Hamilton Anxiety Scale score >7 were diagnosed with PSA.ResultsEighty‐seven patients (26.6%) were diagnosed with PSA. Compared to the good sleep quality group, the incidence of PSA in patients with poor sleep quality was higher (42.1% vs. 21.9%, p = .001). Poor sleep quality is more common in patients with PSA (35.6% vs. 18.8%, p = .001). A logistic regression analysis indicated that poor sleep quality was significantly associated with PSA (OR: 2.265, 95% CI: 1.262–4.067, p = .003). After adjusting for conventional and identified risk factors, poor sleep quality was found to be independently associated with PSA (OR: 2.676, 95% CI: 1.451–4.936, p = .001).ConclusionsPoor sleep quality before stroke was associated with PSA and may be an independent risk factor of PSA 1 month after AIS onset.
The impact of direct environmental, social, and governance reporting: Empirical evidence in European‐listed companies in the agri‐food sector
Authors: Conca Lavinia , Manta Francesco , Morrone Domenico , Toma Pierluigi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCompanies are continuously pressured for the dissemination of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) information, because of the constant debate on the issue of corporate sustainability, considered a critical and very important topic for society; despite this pressure, ESG's disclosure practices vary considerably from company to company, both in quantity and quality. The study aims to address the issue and verify the effectiveness of ESG reporting through the influence that the ESG disclosure has on profitability and value of listed European agri‐food companies. The results obtained, studying a sample of 57 European‐listed companies (EU28) in the agri‐food sector observed in the period 2010–2018, show that the ESG disclosure practices of the companies impact corporate profitability; specifically, evidence is provided for the existence of a positive relationship between profitability and disclosure practices of strictly environmental and social information and a negative effect between company market value and disclosure practices relating to governance. These results suggest that greater transparency and accountability help to improve business profitability.
Toward a circular economy: Understanding consumers' moral stance on corporations' and individuals' responsibilities in creating a circular fashion economy
Authors: Ki Chung‐Wha (Chloe) , Park Sangsoo , Ha‐Brookshire Jung E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor long, the fashion industry has adopted the linear economy's “take‐make‐use‐throwaway” system, an approach that has adverse side effects, such as economic loss, environmental destruction, and threats to human society. To address these adverse consequences from fashion's linear system, governments and business leaders are advocating the societal need for a shift from the linear economy to the circular economy, which endorses the “take‐make‐use‐reuse” system. Despite the growing demand for changing to a circular economy in the fashion business (circular fashion [CF]), two critical issues remain understudied in the current literature. First, although academic research on CF has increased in the past 5 years, the lack of scalable CF research has hindered the industry's ability to increase its adoption of a truly circular economy. Second, although the fashion industry faces complex challenges in instituting CF in that just one supply chain member's (a fashion retailer's) commitment is not sufficient to create a truly CF without the involvement of others (consumers), there is yet no empirical research that investigates whether consumers morally support the idea of a CF and feel obliged to take part in fashion businesses' CF offerings. Thus, we investigate whether and how morally grounded traits—corporate moral responsibility (H1+), consumer moral responsibility (H2+), their interaction effect (H3), and corporate hypocrisy (H4−)—influence consumers' attitudes and engagement (H5+) toward fashion corporations' CF offerings. Our empirical evidence, using a U.S. consumer survey dataset of 351 responses, shows that all of these hypotheses are supported. The results provide important theoretical and managerial implications.