bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly (ADP-ribose) induces α-synuclein aggregation in neuronal-like cells and interacts with phosphorylated α-synuclein in post mortem PD samples
Authors: Puentes Laura N. , Lengyel-Zhand Zsofia , Lee Ji Youn , Hsieh Chia-Ju , Schneider Mark E. , Edwards Kimberly J. , Luk Kelvin C. , Lee Virginia M.-Y. , Trojanowski John Q. , Mach Robert H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPoly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) is a negatively charged polymer that is biosynthesized by Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and regulates various cellular processes. Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) that has been directly implicated with driving the onset and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The mechanisms by which αSyn elicits its neurotoxic effects remain unclear. Recent findings indicate that one of the key processes driving PD pathology are oligomeric species of αSyn. Furthermore, it is well established that the main components of Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs) in PD patients are aggregated hyperphosphorylated (S129) forms of αSyn (pαSyn).MethodsWe used biochemical and immunofluorescence-based assays to explore if PARP-1 enzymatic product (PAR) drives the conversion of monomeric αSyn into aggregated assemblies. We performed quantitative measurements using in situ proximity ligation assays (PLA) on a transgenic murine model of α-synucleinopathy (M83-SNCA*A53T) and post-mortem PD/PDD patient samples to characterize PAR-pαSyn interactions. Additionally, we used bioinformatic approaches and site-directed mutagenesis to identify PAR-binding regions on fibrillar αSyn.ResultsOur studies show that elevated intracellular levels of PAR promote the transition of αSyn into higher molecular weight forms. We report that PAR-pαSyn interactions are predominant in pathological states. Moreover, we confirm that the interactions between PAR and αSyn involve electrostatic forces between negatively charged PAR and lysine residues on the N-terminal region of αSyn.ConclusionsPAR plays a critical role in the early stages of monomeric αSyn aggregation, thereby attributing to PD pathogenesis. Based on our results, we report that PAR seeds monomeric αSyn aggregation and directly interacts with phosphorylated αSyn in conditions that are pathologically relevant to PD.
Improved genetically encoded near-infrared fluorescent calcium ion indicators forin vivoimaging
Authors: Qian Yong , Cosio Danielle M. Orozco , Piatkevich Kiryl D. , Aufmkolk Sarah , Su Wan-Chi , Celiker Orhan T. , Schohl Anne , Murdock Mitchell H. , Aggarwal Abhi , Chang Yu-Fen , Wiseman Paul W. , Ruthazer Edward S. , Boyden Edward S. , Campbell Robert E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNear-infrared (NIR) genetically-encoded calcium ion (Ca2+) indicators (GECIs) can provide advantages over visible wavelength fluorescent GECIs in terms of reduced phototoxicity, minimal spectral cross-talk with visible-light excitable optogenetic tools and fluorescent probes, and decreased scattering and absorption in mammalian tissues. Our previously reported NIR GECI, NIR-GECO1, has these advantages but also has several disadvantages including lower brightness and limited fluorescence response compared to state-of-the-art visible wavelength GECIs, when used for imaging of neuronal activity. Here, we report two improved NIR GECI variants, designated NIR-GECO2 and NIR-GECO2G, derived from NIR-GECO1. We characterized the performance of the new NIR GECIs in cultured cells, acute mouse brain slices, andC. elegansandXenopus laevis in vivo. Our results demonstrate that NIR-GECO2 and NIR-GECO2G provide substantial improvements over NIR-GECO1 for imaging of neuronal Ca2+dynamics.
Viral cross-linking and solid-phase purification enables discovery of ribonucleoprotein complexes on incoming RNA virus genomes
Authors: Kim Byungil , Arcos Sarah , Rothamel Katherine , Ascano Manuel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe initial interactions between incoming, pre-replicated RNA virus genomes and host protein factors are important in infection and immunity. Yet there are no current methods to study these crucial events. We established VIR-CLASP (VIRal Cross-Linking And Solid-phase Purification) to identify the primary viral RNA-host protein interactions. First, host cells are infected with 4SU-labeled RNA viruses and irradiated with 365 nm light to crosslink 4SU-labeled viral genomes and interacting proteins from host or virus. The cross-linked RBPs are purified by solid-phase reversible immobilization (SPRI) beads with protein denaturing buffers, and then identified by proteomics. With VIR-CLASP, only the incoming viral genomes are labeled with 4SU, so cross-linking events specifically occur between proteins and pre-replicated viral genomic RNA. Since solid-phase purification under protein-denaturing conditions is used to pull-down total RNA and cross-linked RBPs, this facilitates investigation of potentially all RNA viruses, regardless of RNA sequence. Preparation of 4SU-labeled virus takes ∼7 days and VIR-CLASP takes 1 day.
3D Variability Analysis: Resolving continuous flexibility and discrete heterogeneity from single particle cryo-EM
Authors: Punjani Ali , Fleet David J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSingle particle cryo-EM excels in determining static structures of protein molecules, but existing 3D reconstruction methods have been ineffective in modelling flexible proteins. We introduce 3D variability analysis (3DVA), an algorithm that fits a linear subspace model of conformational change to cryo-EM data at high resolution. 3DVA enables the resolution and visualization of detailed molecular motions of both large and small proteins, revealing new biological insight from single particle cryo-EM data. Experimental results demonstrate the ability of 3DVA to resolve multiple flexible motions ofα-helices in the sub-50 kDa transmembrane domain of a GPCR complex, bending modes of a sodium ion channel, five types of symmetric and symmetry-breaking flexibility in a proteasome, large motions in a spliceosome complex, and discrete conformational states of a ribosome assembly. 3DVA is implemented in thecryoSPARCsoftware package.
Widespread imprinting of transposable elements and young genes in the maize endosperm
Authors: Anderson Sarah N , Zhou Peng , Higgins Kaitlin , Brandvain Yaniv , Springer Nathan M 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFertilization and seed development is a critical time in the plant life cycle, and coordinated development of the embryo and endosperm are required to produce a viable seed. In the endosperm, some genes show imprinted expression where transcripts are derived primarily from one parental genome. Imprinted gene expression has been observed across many flowering plant species, though only a small proportion of genes are imprinted. Understanding the rate of turnover for gain or loss of imprinted expression has been complicated by the reliance on single nucleotide polymorphisms between alleles to enable testing for imprinting. Here, we develop a method to use whole genome assemblies of multiple genotypes to assess for imprinting of both shared and variable portions of the genome using data from reciprocal crosses. This reveals widespread maternal expression of genes and transposable elements with presence-absence variation within maize and across species. Most maternally expressed features are expressed primarily in the endosperm, suggesting that maternal de-repression in the central cell facilitates expression. Furthermore, maternally expressed TEs are enriched for maternal expression of the nearest gene. Read alignments over maternal TE-gene pairs indicate fused transcripts, suggesting that variable TEs contribute imprinted expression of nearby genes.
Structural features of an infectious recombinant PrPScprion using solid state NMR
Authors: Martín-Pastor Manuel , Codeseira Yaiza B. , Spagnolli Giovanni , Eraña Hasier , Fernández Leticia C. , Bravo Susana , Iglesias Alba , López-Moreno Rafael , Veiga Sonia , Biasini Emiliano , Sánchez-Pedregal Víctor M. , Castilla Joaquín , Requena Jesús R. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTPrPSc, the first described and most notorious prion, is the only protein known to cause epidemics of deadly disease. Its properties are encoded in its unique structure. Here we report a first solid state NMR study of a uniformly labelled (U-13C,15N)-Bank vole (BV) infectious recombinant PrPScprion. C-C, C-H and N-H spectra were obtained with MAS rotation of the sample at up to 60 kHz. We obtained amino acid-type secondary structure information and used it to challenge a physically plausible atomistic model of PrPScconsisting of a 4-rung β solenoid recently proposed by us. In all cases, our model was compatible with the data. This study shows that elucidation of the structure of PrPScis within reach using recombinant PrPSc, NMR, and our model as a guiding tool.
β-alanine or L-carnosine prevents the development of pale, soft and exudative pork by inhibiting the glycolysis of porcinelongissimus dorsimuscle
Authors: Zhao Lihong , Chen Peng , Li Wenxiang , Li Lan , Liu Yaojun , Zhang Jianyun , Ji Cheng , Ma Qiugang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCarnosine plays an important role in regulating muscle buffering capacity and glycolysis. In order to investigate the effects of dietaryβ-alanine, L-histidine, and L-carnosine supplementation on the pH value, glycolytic potential, the activities of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities in the porcinelongissimus dorsimuscle, a total of 60 barrows with an average body weight (BW) of 50.5 ± 1.7 kg were assigned into five groups which received diets containing basal diet (control, CON), 0.04%β-alanine (β-ALA), 0.06% L-histidine (L-HIS), 0.04%β-alanine+0.06% L-histidine (β-ALA+L-HIS), or 0.1% L-carnosine (L-CAR). The results showed that dietary supplementation of the combination ofβ-ALA and L-HIS or L-CAR significantly increased (P< 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG) of pigs with 50-75 kg BW, compared with other three groups. Compared with L-CAR group, L-HIS supplementation significantly decreased (P< 0.05) the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of pigs. There were no significant difference (P> 0.05) in back fat thickness and loin eye area among treatments. At 0, 1 and 24 h postmortem (PM) the pH values in thelongissimus dorsimuscle (LM) of pigs receiving L-CAR were higher (P< 0.05) than that of pigs receiving CON diet. The redness (a*) values of LM of pigs in theβ-ALA+L-HIS or L-CAR group were higher (P< 0.05) than those in other three groups. The glycolytic potential of LM was not significantly different (P> 0.05) among treatments. At 1, 24 h PM the AMPK activities in LM of pigs receivingβ-ALA,β-ALA+L-HIS and L-CAR were much lower (P< 0.05) than those of pigs receiving CON diet or L-HIS. 0.1% L-carnosine or 0.04%β-alanine supplemented to pigs’ diet was effective in regulating AMPK and PK activities in the porcinelongissimus dorsimuscle and preventing the development of pale, soft and exudative (PSE) pork.
Communicative action and supportive behaviors for environmental CSR practices: an attitude-based segmentation approach
Authors: Li Jo-Yun , Overton Holly , Bhalla Nandini 
Published: April 2020

PurposeWhile the segmentation approach has been frequently employed to explore individuals' environment-friendly behaviors, the investigation of environmental corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication by using such a method is limited. Given that the importance of the role of public segmentation is well documented in both public relations and environmental management literatures, the present study attempts to fill the gap by exploring whether consumers can be segmented on the basis of attitudinal factors, and, if so, how this segmentation informs communication efforts aimed at promoting companies' environmental CSR programs.Design/methodology/approachThis segmentation approach is examined based on a survey of 470 participants. Results of a k-means cluster analysis identified three subgroups: active publics, aware publics and latent publics.FindingsSurvey results provide empirical support evidence on how different public segmentation approaches can be used to predict individual communication behaviors on environmental CSR issues. Segmentation approach that considered individuals' attitudes on environmental issues and their perceptions on company environmental CSR practices helps identify three subgroups. Significant differences regarding communicative action and supporting behaviors among the three groups are identified and discussed.Originality/valueThis study provides key insights about public segmentation and different publics' communicative action, and supportive behaviors provide direction for future research investigations that will strengthen theoretical arguments and best practices in public relations.
Analysis of a novel two-lane lattice model with consideration of density integral and relative flow information
Authors: Qi Xinyue , Cheng Rongjun , Ge Hongxia 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
This study aims to consider the influence of density difference integral and relative flow difference on traffic flow, a novel two-lane lattice hydrodynamic model is proposed. The stability criterion for the new model is obtained through the linear analysis method.

Design/methodology/approach
The modified Korteweg de Vries (KdV) (mKdV) equation is derived to describe the characteristic of traffic jams near the critical point. Numerical simulations are carried out to explore how density difference integral and relative flow difference influence traffic stability. Numerical and analytical results demonstrate that traffic congestions can be effectively relieved considering density difference integral and relative flow difference.

Findings
The traffic congestions can be effectively relieved considering density difference integral and relative flow difference.

Originality/value
Novel two-lane lattice hydrodynamic model is presented considering density difference integral and relative flow difference. Applying the linear stability theory, the new model’s linear stability is obtained. Through nonlinear analysis, the mKdV equation is derived. Numerical results demonstrate that the traffic flow stability can be efficiently improved by the effect of density difference integral and relative flow difference.
Perils of conversation: #MeToo and opportunities for peacebuilding
Authors: Ross Nancy , Bookchin Sue 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the opportunities for future organizational and leadership research presented by positioning dialogue related to the #MeToo movement within a peacebuilding agenda. The #MeToo movement raised public consciousness about the pervasiveness of sexual assault and harassment in schools, workplaces and other institutions by an international social media campaign. However, subsequent discussions are often charged with hostility and outrage that result in divisiveness within workplaces and other settings that can further silence about these issues. The authors argue a community peacebuilding framework can create space to have difficult conversations to further the efforts of the #MeToo movement.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors will discuss the implications of a peacebuilding framework by the discussion of a case study in a rural setting to highlight the ways in which community conversations necessary to further the goals of the #MeToo movement.

Findings
A grassroots community peacebuilding framework can present opportunities for victims, offenders, family members and the community to voice expressions harms experienced and to enable processes of accountability. Promotion of a positive relational peace includes opportunities for education, skill development and conflict resolution that are healing and transformative for individuals and communities.

Research limitations/implications
The systemic social and cultural change required to prevent sexual harassment and sexual assault must happen within face-to-face relationships within community dialogue.

Practical implications
The authors argue a critical relational peace lens offers an emancipatory framework that can initiate change from the bottom up to facilitate social healing and further the efforts of the #MeToo movement.

Social implications
Grassroots peacebuilding invites a relational peace established by dialogue within communities. This dialogue is often not easy but is recognized as essential to establishing trust, resolving conflict and fostering community integrity.

Originality/value
In this paper, the authors offer a community peacebuilding framework to provide skill development and a vision necessary to host difficult conversations to inform the next wave of the #MeToo movement.
Combined framing effects on attitudes and behavioral intentions toward mortgage advertisements
Authors: Dobson David S. , Poels Karolien 
Published: April 2020

PurposeMortgage lenders often combine a variety of framing strategies when developing mortgage advertisements. To date, these frames have mostly been studied separately. This paper, however, studies the combined framing effects of message valence, specificity, and temporality on consumers' mortgage decision-making.Design/methodology/approachA mixed methods design was used. First, 13 unique print ads collected from a Canadian newspaper were analyzed for content. Second, a 2 × 2 × 2 scenario-based experiment with 400 undergraduate participants examined the framing effects of valence, specificity and temporality on attitudes toward the mortgage advertising message, the product advertised, and the brand, as well as on consumers' behavioral intentions toward the advertised mortgage product.FindingsThe content analysis suggests that combined framing does exist in print ads. A positive message with a fixed term and a specific interest rate were the most commonly used frames. The experiment revealed that, for behavioral intentions, the main effect of the message temporality was significant. The effects of advertising a long-term mortgage on behavioral intentions were more favorable than those of advertising a short-term mortgage.Practical implicationsThis research provides a combined framing model for designing advertising strategies for the financial services industry to market complex financial products, such as mortgage loans to consumers. This is relevant to lenders when designing a persuasive package or ads for potential customers.Originality/valueThis study is the first of its kind to investigate the effects of combinations of message frames on consumers' mortgage decision-making, while also advancing the understanding of message framing theory for the financial services industry.
Prioritizing determinants of effective whistle blowing (WB)
Authors: Niazi Abdul Aziz Khan , Qazi Tehmina Fiaz , Ali Irfan , Ahmad Rashid 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
In current vista of corporate governance (CG), whistleblowing (WB) has become critical for practitioners, researchers and other stakeholders. This study aims to identify, prioritize and analyze the interrelationships of determinants of effective WB on the basis of opinion of a medium-sized panel of experts.

Design/methodology/approach
It is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the field setting. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from the respondents. This study follows an interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach.

Findings
This study found that the factor “specific law for WB” has maximum driving power but minimum dependence and occupies bottom level (the most critical level) in the ISM model. The Matrice d’Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement analysis revealed that there is no autonomous and dependent factor in the model. There are eight linking factors and only one independent factor.

Research limitations/implications
The study found that the factor “specific law for WB” has maximum driving power but minimum dependence and occupies bottom level (the most critical level) in the ISM model. The Matrice d'Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement analysis revealed that there is no autonomous and no clear-cut dependent factor in the model. There are eight linking factors out of which five have high dependence as well, and there is only one independent factor.

Practical implications
This study has ensued in identification of significant challenging issues in WB and in development of interrelationships to gain insights into priority of these issues. This study uses limited primary data in context of Pakistan; therefore, generalizability of the findings is limited.

Originality/value
This study presents a novel theoretical and conceptual model focused on effective WB. The value of the study on effective WB is highly relevant for today’s complex organizations but incipient in literature. The insights provided by the study have vital importance for corporations to embark on the regime of reforms in CG.
The effectiveness of multiple brand portfolios: the role of directional dominance and brand interference on brand evaluation
Authors: Won June , Lee J. Lucy 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purposes of the study were (1) to examine whether directional dominance between co-existing athlete brands and sponsor brands exists; (2) to explore whether directional dominance influences consumers' memory interference; and (3) to test whether brand interference interacts with directional dominance among brands to influence consumer evaluation and behaviors under multiple endorsement and sponsorship portfolios.Design/methodology/approachThe research is a 3 (directional dominance: symmetric dominance vs. asymmetric dominance with existing vs. asymmetric dominance with newly endorsed brand) x 2 (brand memory interference: interference vs. no interference) between-subjects factorial design.FindingsThe results indicate that (1) directional dominance influenced consumer brand interference, and directional dominance interacted with brand interference on (2) brand evaluation and (3) purchase intention in multiple brand portfolios.Originality/valueConsidering that conventional single-sponsor sponsorship or single-endorser endorsement portfolios are increasingly rare, research on concurrent circumstances of multiple endorsers and multiple endorsed brands in multiple brand portfolios was necessary. By expanding and reconceptualizing the context of brand networks, this study provides empirical evidence on how the dominance and directionality between endorser and (existing and newly) endorsed brands—an athlete endorser's strong pre-existing association with an existing endorsed brand in particular—influenced consumer brand interference and the brand evaluation in multiple brand portfolios.
Women and politics: a case study of political empowerment of Indian women
Authors: Sharma Eliza 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to identify the dimensions of the political empowerment of Indian women and assess the factors responsible for the lacunas that hold women back in their potential.Design/methodology/approachThe research was based on primary data collected through a personal interview method from a sample of 68 women managers working in five different sectors of the Indian economy, namely; IT, education, telecom, banking, and hospitality sector. Further, data on the five factors from a sample of 423 women employees from the above-mentioned sectors have been collected and analyzed using a multiple regression model with control variables (marital status and generation gap).FindingsThe major factors churned out that are needed for the political empowerment of women are namely, information or awareness, family support or family environment, legal environment, political environment, and personal ambitions or internal motivation.Originality/valueThe present study has presented new insight into the field of women and politics by providing a case study into the dimensions of political empowerment among Indian women. The pilot model developed in this study can be initiated and replicated across the land on being successful.