bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-Forked Microstrip Patch Antenna for Broadband Application
Authors: Godaymi Wa’il A , Shaaban Raed M , Al-Tumah  , Tahir Akeel S , Ahmed Zeki A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a new design simulation of multi-forked microstrip patch antenna is presented. The proposed antenna design consists of rectangular patch structure loaded multi-slotted forked with Arlon AD320A (tm) dielectric, direct coaxial probe feed technique, and microstrip edge feed, the novel forked shaped patch. The composite effect of integrating these multi-shapes forked patches techniques and by introducing the new multi-slotted patch.The best result of proposed antennas was a wide impedance bandwidth of 114 % at 10.31 GHz resonance frequency for microstrip line feed approach, and maximum achievable gain is 6.3 dB for coaxial probe feed approach. The return loss, directivity gain, and voltage standing wave ratio are simulated results using HFSS 13.0 software.
Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles using sol gel technique for dye sensitized solar cells applications
Authors: Musleh H , Zayed H , Shaat S , Tamous H M , Asad J , Al-Kahlout A , Issa A , Shurrab N , AlDahoudi N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using sol gel technique at different calcination temperature. The effect of calcination temperature on the structure and optical properties of ZnO NPs were studied in detail by using different techniques, X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, UV-VIS spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the ZnO NPs were crystalized in a wurtzite structure and the estimated average particle size increased from 24.7 to 40.4 nm with increasing calcination temperature. In addition, the d spacing increased from 0.28196 nm to 0.28213 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis image showed spherical ZnO NPs were formed. UV-VIS absorption measurement was employed to evaluate the absorption edge and the optical band gap using Tauc plot. Energy gap revealed a red shift from 3.15 to 2.96 eV when the calcination temperature was increased. Dye sensitized solar cells were fabricated using synthesized ZnO NPs as a semiconducting layer that were dyed with different Xanthene (CH2[C6H4]2O) dyes separately; (Eosin B, Eosin Y and Rhodamine B) which are low cost dyes. Thin layer of ZnO were deposited on transparent fluorine doped tin oxide conductive glass using doctor blade method. Eosin Y exhibited the best photosensitizing. The conversion efficiency showed a significant improvement from 0.1% to 1.08%.
Study Effective Atomic Numbers and Attenuation Cross-Section of Caprylic Acid by Using Gamma Ray Sources.
Authors: Hussein Faraj Ali , Yahya Hadi Mohammed , Adil TAldalawi Ali 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Measured the effective atomic number(Z
eff
), effective electron density (N
eff
), atomic cross-section (бt
)and electronic cross-section (бe
)depending on the amount of mass attenuation coefficient, the mass attenuation coefficients (μ
m
)measured for fatty acid “Caprylic” C8H16O2by using Gamma ray radiation(γ), emitted from sources Co57, Ba133, Na22, Cs137, Mn54, and Co60with energies from 122 to1330 keV. We used scintillation NaI(Tl) detector with resolution 8.2% (at 662keV ). The attenuation coefficient data were then used to obtain the effective atomic numbers (Z
eff
), and effective electron densities (N
eff
), atomic cross-section (бt
)and electronic cross-section (бe
) off atty acids. It was observed that the effective atomic number (Z
eff
) and effective electron densities (N
eff
) initially decrease and tend to be almost constant as a function of gamma-ray energy. Z
eff
and N
eff
experimental values showed good agreement with the theoretical. Data on interaction of photons of energy (below 1500 keV) with biological compounds are used in radiation therapy, especially for dose calculations.
Electron Emission in Ion-Alkali Atoms Collision Process: Three Body Effect
Authors: Hamza Hussein Salman , Selman T A , Easa S I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Double differential scattering cross section for emitted electron from ground and excited states when the Ar+18 (75, 85 and 95 Mev/u) scattered off Alkali atom have been calculated within Born approximation following Stolterfoht et al, theoretical model. The emitted electrons from the excited state give large differential cross section comparison with the ground state. Many features of the scattering process are also discussed.
Comparison of Ureteroscopic Holmium Laser lithotripsy and ESWL in Treatment of Ureteric Stones
Authors: Ali Obaid Ahmed , Mahdi Ali Falah , Abdul Ameer Alwan Ahmed 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The urologists have several options for treating ureteral stones in the range of 8-15mm. Of that range, this study makes a comparison between ESWL and ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy in the treatment of ureteric stone. In spite of that ureteroscopy and ESWL are invasive procedures, still there is controversy which of them is more suitable for treating ureteral stones condition. Study Aim: This study conducts a review to compare the effectiveness, safety and complications of using ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy and ESWL in treating of ureteral stones. Study Methods: Eighty ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy or ESWL-treated patients between April 2016 and April 2017 in Al-Diwaneyah teaching hospital who is having 8–14mm single radiopaque ureteral stone, were assessed. All of the patients in the study sample were subjected to follow-up period of seven months using ultrasonography. Then, comparison was made to identify stone clearance rate, potential complications and cost. Study Results: Results show that There is resemblance in treatment time and stone clearance rate between the two treatments. Generally, the total cost, the procedural time and analgesia requirements and were noticeably variant. Additionally, gross hematuria and renal colic were more frequent with ESWL procedure, while the voiding symptoms show more frequency with ureteroscopy procedure. The two procedures that were applied for the treatment of 8-14mm range ureteral stones proved to be the least invasive and secure.
Enhance the Optical Properties of the Synthesis PEG/Graphene- Based Nanocomposite films using GO nanosheets
Authors: Abdelamir Ahmed I , Al-Bermany Ehssan , Sh Hashim Fouad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Graphene is one of the most interesting and attracting nanofillers. The investigation focused on the effect of two significant factors using graphene nanosheets and polymer molecular weights (Mw) on the optical properties of polymer graphene-based nanocomposites. New sonication-mixing-aquatic methods were applied using the three Mw, 4k, 8k and 20k of polyethylene glycol (PEG), as a polymer model, with low loading ratio graphene oxide nanosheets (GONSs) to synthesise the nanocomposites. Fine distribution and good homogeneity of GONSs were successfully presented in the PEG matrix as examined applying the optical microscope (OM). The results presented an enhance in the most optical properties, which shows significantly in the ultraviolet region (∼300 nm in wavelength), such as, absorbance, absorption coefficient, real and imaginary dielectric constants up to 71%, 355%, 37% and 41% after increasing the Mw, except the allowed and forbidden indirect optical energy gap were reduced to 18% and 29%, respectively. Moreover, the contribution of GO with Mw of PEG exhibited a notable improvement of the optical properties up to 100%, 440%, 48% and 61%, whereas the allowed and forbidden indirect optical energy gap were reduced to 43% and 86%. These results illustrated significant roles of the effect of MW and GO in the optical properties that give rise to better photovoltaic performances of heterojunction solar cells and may use as filters and antireflection coating in the substantial applications.
Structural, Optical, Morphological Properties of ZnO Nanoparticle/ZnO Nanorods
Authors: Hadi Al-Weally Dhufr , Mebdir Holi Araa , Abdullah AL-Zahrani Asla 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles/ZnO nanorods (ZnO NPs/ZnO NRs) were prepared via Chemical methods: dip-coating/sol-gel method (DC/SG-M) and hydrothermal method (HT-M). The structure of ZnO NPs/ZnO NRs was studied utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD). The UV-Visible spectrometer was used to analyze the absorption spectra. Surface morphology of prepared ZnO NPs/ZnO NRs was studied via field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Starting with (XRD) study, it confirms that the prepared ZnO NPs/ZnO NRs has the hexagonal phase structure. Moreover, the average crystallite size of the ZnO NPs/ZnO NRs was 22.7 nm and 51.5 nm, respectively. FE-SEM result reveals that the prepared ZnO NPs/ZnO NRs samples have shown the nanoparticles-shape of the first prepared layer via dip-coating and radial hexagonal-shape of the second prepared layer via the hydrothermal method. The absorption spectra of ZnO NPs and ZnO NRs were around at (382 and 400) nm with the estimated direct band gaps energy were (3.24 and 3.10) eV, respectively.
Giant Net Modal Gain of plasmonic quantum dot nanolaser
Authors: Jabir Jamal N , Ameen Sabah M M , Habbeb Al-Khursan Amin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis work studies the net modal gain from plasmonic quantum dot (QD) nanolaser. A metal/semiconductor/metal (MSM) structure was considered to attain plasmonic nanocavity with active region contains: QDs, wetting layer (WL) and barrier layers. Band alignment between layers was used to predict their parameters. Momentum matrix element for transverse magnetic (TM) mode in QD structure was formulated. Waveguide Fermi energy was introduced and formulated, for the first time, in this work to cover the waveguide contribution (Ag metal layer) in addition to the active region. Giant net modal gain was obtained when the waveguide Fermi energy was taken into account which means that the increment comes from the material gain not from the confinement factor. The change in waveguide Fermi energy in the valence band explained the high net modal gain, where the valence band QD states are fully occupied referring to an efficient hole contribution.
Generalized Hyers-Ulam Stability Of Mixed Type Additive-Quadratic Functional Equation Of Random Homomorphisms In Random Normed Algebras
Authors: Alshybani Shaymaa , Mansour Vaezpour S , Jaafar Mahmood Sahar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, by the fixed point method, we prove the generalized stability of random homomorphisms of the following additive-quadratic functional equation f(2 + y) + f(2 − y) = 2[f(x + y) + f(x − y)] + 2[f(x) + f(−x)] − [f(y) + f(−y)], in random normed algebras.
Impulsive Pressure Activity on MHD Flux Generalized Burgers Fluid
Authors: Ibraheem Ghada H , Qasim Hanan F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The main purpose of the work is to analyse studies of themagnetohydrodynamic “MHD” flow for a fluid of generalized Burgers’ “GB” within an annular pipe submitted under impulsive pressure “IP” gradient. Closed form expressions for the velocity profile, impulsive pressure gradient have been taken by performing the finite Hankel transform “FHT” and Laplace transform “LT” of the successive fraction derivatives. As a result, many figures are planned to exhibit the effects of (different fractional parameters “DFP”, relaxation and retardation times, material parameter for the Burger’s fluid) on the profile of velocity of flows. Furthermore, these figures are compared the flow without MHD.
Integral transforms defined by a new fractional class of analytic function in a complex Banach space
Authors: Esa Abdulnaby Zainab , Abdul-Nabi Ahmed E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this effort, we define a new class of fractional analytic functions containing functional parameters in the open unit disk. By employing this class, we introduce two types of fractional operators, differential and integral. The fractional differential operator is considered to be in the sense of Ruscheweyh differential operator, while the fractional integral operator is in the sense of Noor integral. The boundedness and compactness in a complex Banach space are discussed. Other studies are illustrated in the sequel.
Trigonometrically fitted fifth-order explicit two-derivative Runge-Kutta method with FSAL property
Authors: Abbas Hussain Kasim 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new trigonometrically fitted two-derivative explicit Runge-Kutta (TFTDRK) method of order five with FSAL property for solving system of first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with oscillatory solutions are derived. The new method is derived using the property of First Same As Last (FSAL). This method has the advantageous to merge totally first-order ordinary differential systems which their solutions are linear composition of the set of functions {e (u );e (−u)}, or equivalently {s (u );c (u)} when u > 0 is the dominant frequency of the problem. We analyzed the stabilityof our method. The numerical results are presented to illustrate the competence of TFTDRK method compared with some well-known TFRK methods.
The combined effectiveness of magnetic force and heat\mass transfer on peristaltic transportation “Hyperbolic Tangent” Nanofluid in a Slopping Non-Regular Non-symmetric Channel.
Authors: Sh Ahmed T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
in the present article, we present the peristaltic motion of “Hyperbolic Tangent nanofluid” by a porous area in a two dimensional non-regular a symmetric channel with an inclination under the impact of inclination angle under the impact of inclined magnetic force, the convection conditions of “heat and mass transfer” will be showed. The matter of the paper will be further simplified with the assumptions of long wave length and less “Reynolds number”. we are solved the coupled non-linear equations by using technical analysis of “Regular perturbation method” of series solutions. We are worked out the basic equations of continuity, motion, temperature, and volume fraction particles for the recently fluid. The impact of incoming parameters on the inflow features have been studied and painted.
Asymptotic Behaviour of the Uniform Random Dynamical Systems
Authors: Jabbar Kadhim Ihsan , Talib Mohsin Sundus 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper we state the definition of uniform random set in a uniform random dynamical system and give some properties of such sets. Also the concepts of Transitivity and sensitivity of a uniform random dynamical system are introduced and studied where some new properties of such systems that analogues to that in deterministic dynamical systems are given.
Influence of MHD Peristaltic Transport for Jeffrey Fluid with Varying Temperature and Concentration through Porous Medium
Authors: Hussien Al-Aridhee Ahmed A , Salih Al-Khafajy Dheia G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper is intended for investigating the effects of heat and mass transfer on the peristaltic motion of Magnetohydrodynamic of a non-Newtonian transport of Jeffrey fluid through a cylindrical porous medium channel. The flow is investigated in a wave frame of reference moving with the velocity of the wave. Governing equations for the problem under consideration have been simplified under the assumptions of long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximation. The distribution of temperature and concentration are discussed for various parameters governing the flow with the simultaneous effects of. The analytical formulas of the velocity and temperature have been obtained in terms of Bessel function of first and second kinds. In addition, it has been illustrated graphically for significant various parameters such as, magnetic, permeability, Radiation, Reynolds number, Prandtl number, Schmidt and Soret numbers on these velocity are discussed and illustrated graphically.
Recovery of temporal coefficient for heat equation from non-local overdetermination conditions
Authors: Sabah Hussein Mohammed 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recovery of time-dependent thermal conductivity has been numerically investigated. The problem of identification in one-dimensional heat equation from Cauchy boundary data and mass/energy specification has been considered. The inverse problem recasted as a nonlinear optimization problem. The regularized least-squares functional is minimised through lsqnonlin routine from MATLAB to retrieve the unknown coefficient. We investigate the stability and accuracy for numerical solution for two examples with various noise level and regularization parameter.
On the geometric pictures of the non-equivalent smallest images of (k;n)-arcs for n = 2,3 in PG(2,5)
Authors: Shehab Hamed Zainab 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the smallest images sets in the PGL(2,5)-orbits of (k;n)-arcs in the projective plane of order 5, for n = 2,3 are classified. Also, this paper presents the incident structure of the orbits for the non-equivalent lexicographically least sets of k-arcs and (k;3)-arcs. Then the geometric pictures for the most interesting group orbits of these images are given.
E-Duality Results For E-Differentiable E-Invex Multiobjective Programming Problems
Authors: Abdulaleem Najeeb 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a class of E-differentiable multiobjective programming problems with both inequality and equality constraints is considered. The so-called vector Mond-Weir E-dual problem and vector mixed E-duality problem are defined for the considered E-differentiable multiobjective programming problem with both inequality and equality constraints and several Mond-Weir and mixed E-duality theorems are established under (generalized) E-invexity hypotheses.
Derivation of Probability Distribution Function for Noisy Signal
Authors: Oleiwi Zahraa Ch. , Al-Mayahi Noori F. , Jasim Sabib Donya , Kamil Hadi Nagham 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The work in this paper produces mathematically derivation for Probability density function (PDF) of proposed noisy signal model. Two types of noise are considered: zero mean Gaussian multiplicative noise and phase noise. Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) expression of frequency estimator for single tone sinusoidal signal under zero mean Gaussian multiplicative noise and additive Gaussian noise (AWGN) are derived. The obtained simulation results support investigating mathematical and comparative study.
Reliability Allocation and Optimization for(ROSS) of a Spacecraft by using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Abbas Abed Saad , Kareem Sulaiman Hatem , Abdul Haddi Hassan Zahir 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper focuses on the reliability of Reduction Oxygen Supply System (ROSS) of a Spacecraft which was calculated as a complex system using probability theory. The reliability of this system was assigned to study the possible approaches of the allocation of reliability values based on the minimization of the total cost in this system. The original results was included:
(i) a critical point is a fixed purpose of a appropriate application.
(ii) Using the reduction oxygen supply system of a spacecraft of with the cost of exponential behavior model.
(iii) The results also obtained by genetic algorithim to solve the optimization problems of the given reliability network.
Deblurring X-Ray Digital Image Using LRA Algorithm
Authors: Abdulmunem Ashwan A. , Hassan Ahmed K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Deblurring of X-rays digital images has always been a problem of crucial interest. A specific solution to the problem of image restoration is generally determined by the nature of degradation phenomena. So, it is highly dependent on the nature of the noise present there. In this work Lucy Richardson algorithm (LRA) is implemented on the X-ray image and deblurring is processes is observed. Deblurring is an important step of image processing especially when the diagnosis needs to be classified based on the result of X-ray image. LRA is an iterative procedure in which the pixels of the observed image are represented using the PSF. Image restoration is an emerging field of image processing in which the focus is on recovering an original image from a degraded image. The blurred image can be a result of a known degradation or unknown degradation. Hence image deblurring can be defined as a process of recovering a sharp image from a degraded image which is blurred by a degradation function, commonly by a Point Spread Function (PSF). The Point Spread Function describes the response of an imaging system to a point source or point object.
Survey of Hand Gesture Recognition Systems
Authors: Kadem Hamed Al-Saedi Ahmed , Hassin Al-Asadi Abbas H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recognition of human gestures is an important subject in computer science, especially in computer vision and sign language. It aims at interpreting human gestures by mathematical models. Gestures originate from different parts of the human body, but the most common ones emerge from the hand or face. Gestures recognition is a method to enable computers to understand and interpret the language of the human body in the best way possible and to build a bridge between humans and machines from uncomplicated user interfaces that have been command-line to graphical user interfaces GUI, so far they limit the common input on the keyboard and mouse. In this paper, we have reviewed and analyzed several methods of recognition for hand gestures including, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Histogram based feature, a Fuzzy Clustering algorithm, Hidden Markov Model (HMM), Condensation algorithm and Finite-State Machine (FSM).
Task Scheduling for cloud computing Based on Firefly Algorithm
Authors: Ahmed Saleh Ibrahim , Ibrahim Alsaif Omar , Abduttalib Muhamed Sundus , Ibrahim Essa Essa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper a new method proposed, to solve the problem of scheduling resources in cloud computing, it is using a parallel scheduling model which can enhance parallel tasks scheduling while the relationship among serial tasks stay constant. The important feature of dynamic tasks is provided by users to sub-tasks in serial sequences and arranged as scheduling queue, these tasks have different and equal priorities according to running order. In this paper firefly algorithm (FA) have been introduced for scheduling the subtasks in cloud computer to prove a progress in short delay time. The most important features that can be considered are fairness and efficiency characteristics. Delay time Shortest and Fairness firefly algorithm (DSFFA) applied to solve task scheduling problem that realized the shortest delay time, which improving the user satisfaction. Experimental results show that DSFFA algorithm is better than the task scheduling –Firefly algorithm (TS-FA) algorithm in fairness, efficiency and task delay time, therefor it can be realized for the optimal scheduling in cloud computing.