bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liking of food textures and its relationship with oral physiological parameters and mouth‐behavior groups
Authors: Kim Sophia , Vickers Zata 
Published: December 2019

AbstractResearchers have categorized people into four “mouth‐behavior” groups based on their oral processing preferences, and claimed that members of those mouth‐behavior groups differ in their food texture preferences. If people could be classified into groups based on their liking of different textures, food products could be targeted to specific subgroups, potentially enhancing consumer acceptability. In the first part of our study, we grouped people based on their liking ratings of a wide variety of food textures by asking 288 participants to rate their liking of 106 food texture attributes in an online survey. In the second part of our study, we further examined relationships among individuals' food texture liking ratings, mouth‐behavior group membership, and measurements of four oral physiological parameters (saliva flow rate, chewing efficiency, biting force, and particle size sensitivity). One‐hundred participants completed the online survey on food texture liking, classified themselves into one of four mouth‐behavior groups (Chewers, Crunchers, Smooshers, and Suckers), and were measured for four oral physiological parameters. We refuted the idea that large texture‐liking subgroups exist. Although our participants self‐categorized themselves into the four mouth‐behavior groups similarly to previous researchers, our texture liking measurements did not support the presumed preferences of those mouth‐behavior groups. Clustering of participants on their oral physiological measurements produced a “low particle‐size sensitivity” cluster, a “high biting force” cluster, a “high saliva flow rate” cluster, and a “low saliva flow and low chewing efficiency” cluster. Neither our texture liking nor our oral physiological measurements predicted membership in the four mouth‐behavior groups.
Unreported alcohol use was common but did not impact hepatitis C cure in HIV‐infected persons who use drugs
Authors: Irvin Risha , Chander Geetanjali , Ward Kathleen M. , Manogue Sean , Falade‐Nwulia Oluwaseun , Moon Juhi , Sutcliffe Catherine G. , Brinkley Sherilyn , Haselhuhn Taryn , Katz Stephanie , Herne Kayla , Arteaga Lilian , Thomas David L. , Mehta Shruti H. , Sulkowski Mark S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe investigated the prevalence and impact of heavy alcohol use on the hepatitis C virus (HCV) care continuum amongst HIV/HCV co‐infected persons who use drugs. In the CHAMPS study, 144 HIV/HCV co‐infected persons were randomized to contingent cash incentives, peer mentors and usual care to evaluate the impact on HCV care. Alcohol use was ascertained using the 10‐item AUDIT (hazardous: male ≥8, female ≥4) and phosphatidylethanol (PEth) (heavy: ≥50 ng/mL), an alcohol biomarker. Log binomial regression was used to evaluate the association between heavy alcohol use and failure to initiate treatment and to achieve sustained virologic response (SVR). Of the 135 participants with PEth data, median age was 55 years, 59% were male, 92% were Black, 91% reported a history of drug use, and 97% were on antiretroviral therapy. Hazardous drinking was reported on AUDIT by 28% of participants, and 35% had heavy alcohol use by PEth. Of the 47 individuals with a PEth ≥50 ng/mL, 23 (49%) reported no or minimal alcohol use by AUDIT. HCV treatment was initiated in 103 of 135 participants, and SVR was achieved in 92%. PEth ≥50 ng/mL (Relative Risk [RR] 0.72, 95% CI 0.35‐1.48) was not significantly associated with failure to initiate HCV treatment or failure to achieve SVR (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.46‐1.57).In conclusion, alcohol use was common and frequently not detected by self‐report. However, heavy alcohol use, even when measured objectively, was not associated with failure to initiate HCV treatment or to achieve cure.
Getting into it in the wrong way: Interpretative phenomenological analysis and the hermeneutic circle
Authors: Gyollai Daniel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article critically analyses the hermeneutic commitment of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). In the theoretical framework of IPA, the role of preconceptions and prejudices is consistently downplayed; priority is given to the participant's own words. Paley has argued that IPA’s interpretative phase is always and necessarily determined by the researcher's fore‐conceptions, as opposed to the participant's narrative. I demonstrate that IPA’s failure to recognize the importance of an external frame of reference in interpretation may arise from the misunderstanding of the method's hermeneutic underpinnings. I essentially argue that bracketing the researcher's fore‐conceptions during the initial phases of IPA is merely an illusion. While it is beyond the scope of this article to dispute whether IPA is genuinely phenomenological, my claim ultimately poses a challenge to IPA’s phenomenological commitment on its own terms. The article concludes with a proposal to substantially improve IPA’s consistency with hermeneutic tradition and its grounding in phenomenological philosophy.
Managerial capacity in conflict environments: Management effects of private military and security companies in Iraq
Authors: Tkach Benjamin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn enduring challenge of public administration research is examining whether public management affects the delivery of public policy results. This study extends managerial influence to include public policy delivery in an active conflict environment. Individual manager training is critical in conflict environments because limited bureaucratic capacity and general environmental confusion are common. Organizations under stress use substitute managers. We argue that substitute managers' effectiveness is conditioned by two factors: managerial capability and networking capability. We examine substitute managers in a unique context, the US–Iraq War. Managers coordinated private military and security companies (PMSCs) to provide coalition forces and the civilian population with multiple services. We argue that managers with prior management experience and network capability are more effective substitute managers. The results suggest that managers with prior experience and networking capability are associated with decreases in civilian casualties. The results provide important policy insights into public management and defence policy.
Aesthetic hedonism and its critics
Authors: Van der Berg Servaas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis essay surveys the main objections to aesthetic hedonism, the view that aesthetic value is reducible to the value of aesthetic pleasure or experience. Hedonism is the dominant view of aesthetic value, but a spate of recent criticisms has drawn its accuracy into question. I introduce some distinctions crucial to the criticisms, before using the bulk of the essay to identify and review six major lines of argument that hedonism's critics have employed against it. Whether or not these arguments suffice to refute hedonism decisively, I argue that its privileged status, as the sole contender in aesthetic value theory, is detrimental to downstream research on aesthetic phenomena. The essay concludes with an overview of current work and promising avenues of inquiry into non‐hedonic alternatives.
Fakeness: Digital Inauthenticity and Emergent Political Tactics in Armenia
Authors: Shirinian Tamar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFake news and fake social networking profiles have recently come under a great deal of public attention. Much of this attention has focused on the dangers of politics as a space in which inauthenticity is now running rampant. Through an ethnographic exploration of how LGBT activists and their right‐wing nationalist opposition make use of fake information and fake social networking profiles in Armenia, I argue that rather than dismissing fakeness as an aberration of politics, it might be regarded as an emergent political tactic within a new informational logic that has risen through, and in interruption of, digital communication. While actors on the right in Armenia and beyond have used forms of such inauthentic politics, fakeness has the potential to be used in multiple directions and for various other political causes.
The Burden of Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence, Experience, and Persuasion
Authors: Gribaldo Alessandra 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn domestic violence cases, the production of legal evidence faces several challenges. While scholars have amply discussed the issues of intimacy, dependency, and ambivalence, their relationship with evidence and persuasion appears undertheorized. The Italian context is particularly suitable for analyzing this issue, as the testimony of the victim is central in cases of intimate partner violence. Drawing on ethnographic research into domestic violence and the law, I analyze the two components of the burden of proof: evidence and persuasion. The first corresponds to the reconstruction of facts based on eliciting the victim's experience in the form of a story; the second to how the persuasiveness of testimony is judged based on the performance of authenticity. Questioning the notion that one of the qualities of evidence—in law as in anthropology—is to be free of human intention, the article suggests that these two components of proof appear, in cases of intimate violence, not only mutually implicated but also in a relationship of intractable contradiction.
Phylogenomic analysis of the beetle suborder Adephaga with comparison of tailored and generalized ultraconserved element probe performance
Authors: Gustafson Grey T. , Baca Stephen M. , Alexander Alana M. , Short Andrew E. Z. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTAdephaga is the second largest suborder of beetles (Coleoptera) and they serve as important arthropod predators in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The suborder is divided into Geadephaga comprising terrestrial families and Hydradephaga for aquatic lineages. Despite numerous studies, phylogenetic relationships among the adephagan families and monophyly of the Hydradephaga itself remain in question. Here we conduct a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of the suborder using ultraconserved elements (UCEs). This study presents the first in vitro test of a newly developed UCE probe set customized for use within Adephaga that includes both probes tailored specifically for the suborder, alongside generalized Coleoptera probes previously found to work in adephagan taxa. We assess the utility of the entire probe set, as well as comparing the tailored and generalized probes alone for reconstructing evolutionary relationships. Our analyses recovered strong support for the paraphyly of Hydradephaga with whirligig beetles (Gyrinidae) placed as sister to all other adephagan families. Geadephaga was strongly supported as monophyletic and placed sister to a clade composed of Haliplidae + Dytiscoidea. Monophyly of Dytiscoidea was strongly supported with relationships among the dytiscoid families resolved and strongly supported. Relationships among the subfamilies of Dytiscidae were strongly supported but largely incongruent with prior phylogenetic estimates for the family. The results of our UCE probe comparison showed that tailored probes alone outperformed generalized probes alone, as well as the full combined probe set (containing both types of probes), under decreased taxon sampling. When taxon sampling was increased, the full combined probe set outperformed both tailored probes and generalized probes alone. This study provides further evidence that UCE probe sets customized for a focal group result in a greater number of recovered loci and substantially improve phylogenomic analysis.
Imputation of 3 million SNPs in the Arabidopsis regional mapping population
Authors: Arouisse Bader , Korte Arthur , van Eeuwijk Fred , Kruijer Willem 
Published: December 2019

SummaryNatural variation has become a prime resource to identify genetic variants that contribute to phenotypic variation. The regional mapping (RegMap) population is one of the most important populations for studying natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana, and has been used in a large number of association studies and in studies on climatic adaptation. However, only 413 RegMap accessions have been completely sequenced, as part of the 1001 Genomes (1001G) Project, while the remaining 894 accessions have only been genotyped with the Affymetrix 250k chip. As a consequence, most association studies involving the RegMap are either restricted to the sequenced accessions, reducing power, or rely on a limited set of SNPs. Here we impute millions of SNPs to the 894 accessions that are exclusive to the RegMap, using the 1135 accessions of the 1001G Project as the reference panel. We assess imputation accuracy using a novel cross‐validation scheme, which we show provides a more reliable measure of accuracy than existing methods. After filtering out low accuracy SNPs, we obtain high‐quality genotypic information for 2029 accessions and 3 million markers. To illustrate the benefits of these imputed data, we reconducted genome‐wide association studies on five stress‐related traits and could identify novel candidate genes.
Surveillance of swine influenza viruses in sentinel familial farms in Hung Yen province in Northern Vietnam in 2013–2014
Authors: Baudon Eugénie , Peyre Marisa , Tung Dao Duy , Thi Nga Pham , Khong Nguyen Viet , Cowling Benjamin J. , Peiris Malik 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFrom May 2013 to April 2014, 15 swine family‐run farms (17 pig litters) in two districts in Hung Yen province, near Hanoi, were virologically and epizootiologically monitored for swine influenza viruses (SIV) monthly. No SIV was isolated from nasal swabs. Maternal antibodies were detected in 10 litters, and seroconversion against SIV was detected in six litters. There was a marked difference in patterns of SIV transmission in the two districts. Van Lam district which has low density of swine with mainly smallholder farms had low intensity of SIV, with much of the infection caused by H1N1 2009 pandemic‐like viruses A(H1N1)pdm09, likely originated from humans. In contrast, Van Giang district, which has high swine density and larger farms, had high levels of typical SIV (triple reassortants H3N2 and H3N2 Binh Duong lineage viruses) circulating within swine. With one exception, the SIV lineages detected were those we concurrently isolated from studies in a large central abattoir in Hanoi. Influenza‐like illness symptoms reported by farmers were poorly correlated with serological evidence of SIV infection.
Hausdorff dimension of divergent trajectories on homogeneous spaces
Authors: Guan Lifan , Shi Ronggang 
Published: December 2019

For a one-parameter subgroup action on a finite-volume homogeneous space, we consider the set of points admitting divergent-on-average trajectories. We show that the Hausdorff dimension of this set is strictly less than the manifold dimension of the homogeneous space. As a corollary we know that the Hausdorff dimension of the set of points admitting divergent trajectories is not full, which proves a conjecture of Cheung [Hausdorff dimension of the set of singular pairs, Ann. of Math. (2)173(2011), 127–167].
CLDN4 silencing promotes proliferation and reduces chemotherapy sensitivity of gastric cancer cells through activation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway
Authors: Luo Jie , Wang Huaiming , Chen Huanjie , Gan Guolian , Zheng Yifeng 
Published: December 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What is the influence of the interaction between the matrix protein CLDN4 and the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway on tumour progression and chemotherapy sensitivity in gastric cancer?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Silencing of CLDN4 can promote the growth and proliferation of gastric cancer cells by activating the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, and thus reduce the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy.

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and has a high mortality rate, accompanied by metastasis. Claudins (CLDNs) are major tight‐junction proteins that mediate cellular polarity and differentiation. In the present study, we investigated the role of claudin 4 (CLDN4) in modulating cell proliferation and chemotherapeutic sensitivity in GC. Immunohistochemistry and RT‐qPCR were initially used to detect the expression of CLDN4 in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues collected from GC patients. GC cell lines with the highest and the lowest CLDN4 expression were selected for subsequent experiments. The effects of CLDN4 on GC cell chemosensitivity, proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis and tumourigenic capacity were evaluated by conducting gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies of CLDN4. Expression of CLDN4 was significantly decreased in GC tissues and cell lines compared to adjacent normal tissues or gastric epithelial cells. Silencing of CLDN4 increased the extent of PI3K and Akt phosphorylation, and also the proliferation, migration, invasion and tumourigenesis of GC cells; at the same time apoptosis and the sensitivity of GC cells to chemotherapy were reduced. In conclusion, CLDN4 may play a pivotal role in attenuating GC cell proliferation and enhancing sensitivity of GC cells to chemotherapy by inactivating the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.
Sharpey‐Schafer Lecture 2019: From retroviruses to human birth
Authors: Smith Roger , Paul Jonathan W. , Tolosa Jorge M. 
Published: December 2019

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
The timing of birth is an important determinant of future health and well‐being. This review examines the role of endogenous retroviruses as upstream regulators of key biological functions of the placenta, including cell‐cell fusion, modulation of the maternal immune system, and the production of key pregnancy hormones.
What advances does it highlight?
Endogenous retroviruses are an obligate requirement for successful human reproduction. The products of retroviral elements, incorporated into the germline millions of years ago, have been co‐opted to serve vital biological roles within the placenta that ultimately dictate the length of human pregnancy and therefore well‐being trajectories.
AbstractGestational length at the time of birth is an important determinant of future health and well‐being, yet the physiological regulation of the onset of labour in humans remains obscure. The evolution of egg formation and internal fertilisation in amniotes required a mechanism to suppress the contractile activity of the oviduct that is provided by progesterone. Delivery of the egg is then associated with the withdrawal of progesterone and a return of contractile activity to the reproductive tract. In mammals, the process of pregnancy is complicated further by the need to protect the fetus from potential attack by the maternal immune system. There is increasing evidence that retroviruses incorporated into the mammalian germline in the evolutionary past play a key role in suppressing the maternal immune reaction to the developing conceptus, organising the development of the placenta and perhaps, in humans, modulating the action of progesterone, determining gestational length and the onset of labour. It seems that the presence of an endogenous retrovirus is an obligate requirement for human reproduction.
Spatial Flow-Field Approximation Using Few Thermodynamic Measurements—Part I: Formulation and Area Averaging
Authors: Seshadri Pranay , Simpson Duncan , Thorne George , Duncan Andrew , Parks Geoffrey 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOur investigation raises an important question that is of relevance to the wider turbomachinery community: how do we estimate the spatial average of a flow quantity given finite (and sparse) measurements? This paper seeks to advance efforts to answer this question rigorously. In this paper, we develop a regularized multivariate linear regression framework for studying engine temperature measurements. As part of this investigation, we study the temperature measurements obtained from the same axial plane across five different engines yielding a total of 82 datasets. The five different engines have similar architectures and therefore similar temperature spatial harmonics are expected. Our problem is to estimate the spatial field in engine temperature given a few measurements obtained from thermocouples positioned on a set of rakes. Our motivation for doing so is to understand key engine temperature modes that cannot be captured in a rig or in computational simulations, as the cause of these modes may not be replicated in these simpler environments. To this end, we develop a multivariate linear least-squares model with Tikhonov regularization to estimate the 2D temperature spatial field. Our model uses a Fourier expansion in the circumferential direction and a quadratic polynomial expansion in the radial direction. One important component of our modeling framework is the selection of model parameters, i.e., the harmonics in the circumferential direction. A training-testing paradigm is proposed and applied to quantify the harmonics.
Influence of Obesity and Impact of a Physical Activity Program on Postural Control and Functional and Physical Capacities in Institutionalized Older Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Maktouf Wael , Durand Sylvain , Beaune Bruno , Boyas Sébastien 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To evaluate the role of obesity in the effects of physical activity (PA) on postural control and functional and physical capacities in the older adults and to assess the effectiveness of a PA program on these capacities. Methods: Six obese (age = 78.8 [3.7] y; body mass index > 30 kg/m2), 7 overweight (age = 80.9 [2.8] y; 25 < body mass index < 30 kg/m2), and 6 normal weight (age = 80.8 [5.7] y; body mass index < 25 kg/m2) older adults performed the time up and go test, the 6-minute walk test, and the Tinetti test. Static and dynamic (forward leaning) postural control tests were also assessed. All these tests were similarly assessed 4 months later, during which only the obese group and overweight group participated in a PA program. Results: Before PA, results of the time up and go test, 6-minute walk test, Tinetti test, quiet standing, and forward lean tests revealed that physical capacities and static and dynamic postural control were impaired in the obese group when compared to the normal weight group. After PA, results of quiet standing, physical and functional tests were improved for obese group. Conclusions: Obesity is an additional constraint to age-related postural control and functional and physical capacities deteriorations. Nevertheless, a PA program is effective in improving balance and functional capacities in obese older adults.