bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and Validity of a German Standardized Diagnostic Interview Module for ICD‐11 Adjustment Disorder
Authors: Perkonigg Axel , Strehle Jens , Beesdo‐Baum Katja , Lorenz Louisa , Hoyer Jana , Venz John , Maercker Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe ICD‐11 includes a new definition of adjustment disorder (AjD). The present study aimed to examine interrater reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of a new diagnostic interview module to assess ICD‐11 AjD. Data from two studies that used a standardized diagnostic interview assessment (i.e., DIA‐X/M‐CIDI and updated DIA‐X‐5) were used. For interrater reliability, agreement indicators (i.e., κ) were calculated using data from the DIA‐X‐5 test–retest study (N = 60). To examine internal consistency and construct validity, Cronbach's alpha values and the Kuder–Richardson correlation coefficient were computed along with confirmatory factor and latent class analyses (LCA), using data from the Zurich Adjustment Disorder Study (N = 330). Interrater reliability analyses found an adjusted kappa of 0.807 for the ICD‐11 AjD diagnosis. Few items from the impairment criterion of the diagnostic algorithm performed poorly. The internal consistency was acceptable, Cronbach's αs = .43–.80; the lower‐bound estimate resulted from the two‐item preoccupation symptom pattern. However, both items were significantly associated, OR = 3.14, 95% CI [1.97, 4.99]. Regarding LCA results, a two‐class model was favored. We found that 94.3% of all ICD‐11 AjD cases belonged to Class 2, OR = 23.69, 95% CI [7.15, 79.54], which was associated with subjectively rated distress, OR = 2.18, 95% CI [1.57, 3.02], and the external measure of the Brief Symptom Inventory global severity index, OR = 2.18, 95% CI [1.57, 3.02]. Overall, the new AjD interview module provided a reliable, valid assessment of the ICD‐11 diagnosis; confirmation by other studies is needed.
Balloon Eustachian Tuboplasty in Pediatric Patients: Is it Safe?
Authors: Howard Anthony , Babu Seilesh , Haupert Michael , Thottam Prasad John 
Published: November 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe objective of this study is to demonstrate that balloon eustachian tuboplasty (BET) is safe and had limited complications in the pediatric patient population.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsThis study analyzed the medical records of 43 consecutive encounters of patients under the age of 18 years old who underwent attempted BET. Charts of patients' postoperative appointments and appointments 30 days following the procedure were reviewed. Any complications that were reported by the surgeons' operative report or documented postoperatively were stratified by the Classification of Surgical Complications as outlined by the American College of Surgeons. Additional data points that were analyzed included concomitant surgical procedures, estimated blood loss, and demographic information.ResultsA cohort of 43 pediatric patient encounters were investigated. There was a total of two complications from BET (4.7%) and one aborted case. The complications included epistaxis controlled with oxymetazoline and pressure, and vertigo that was later attributed to vestibular migraines. One case was aborted due to inadequate exposure. The average age of patients evaluated was 12.4 ± 3.2 years old with a range of 6.6 to 17.7 years old.ConclusionsIn this retrospective cohort, BET was demonstrated to be a relatively safe intervention with an overall complication rate of 4.7% in patients as young as 6.6 years old with recurrent or chronic eustachian tube dysfunction and/or related issues.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1657–1662, 2021
Environmental determinants impacting the spatial heterogeneity of karst ecosystem services in Southwest China
Authors: Gao Jiangbo , Zuo Liyuan , Liu Wanlu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSevere rocky desertification and considerable terrain relief in karst areas increase the difficulty of identifying determinants of ecosystem services (ESs), leading to relatively insufficient research on the quantitative attribution of karst ESs. This study investigates environmental determinants and their interactions affecting karst ESs in Southwest China and spatially variable correlations between environmental determinants and karst ESs in geomorphological regions using the geographical detector and geographical weighted regression methodologies. Results show that land use and vegetation coverage are the determinants of water yield and soil loss at the basin scale, with explanatory power of 67.2% and 32.3%, respectively; and the combination of elevation and vegetation coverage determines the spatial distribution of carbon sequestration. The determinants of ESs differed substantially among diverse geomorphological types due to differences in the inner characteristics of each. In addition to the dominant role of land use in each geomorphological type, the effects of vegetation coverage and precipitation on the water yield are significant in mountainous regions. The explanatory power of land use for soil loss decreases with increased terrain relief, while that of the vegetation coverage shows the opposite trend. For carbon sequestration, terrain factors play a more important role than land use at the basin scale, while land use is more influential in each geomorphological type. Furthermore, precipitation and vegetation coverage have the largest impact area on water yield and soil loss in each geomorphological type, respectively, and the impact area of each determinant of carbon sequestration shows obvious regional differences.
The biological role of metabolic reprogramming in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Suzuki Tatsunori , Otsuka Motoyuki , Seimiya Takahiro , Iwata Takuma , Kishikawa Takahiro , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease and highly resistant to all forms of therapy. PDAC cells reprogram their metabolism extensively to promote their survival and growth. Reflecting the vital role of altered metabolism, experimental and clinical trials targeting the rewired metabolism are currently underway. In this review, we summarize the vital role of metabolic reprogramming in the development of PDAC and the future of novel therapeutic applications.
Genome‐Wide Analysis of Copy Number Variation in Latin American Parkinson's Disease Patients
Authors: Sarihan Elif Irem , Pérez‐Palma Eduardo , Niestroj Lisa‐Marie , Loesch Douglas , Inca‐Martinez Miguel , Horimoto Andrea R.V.R. , Cornejo‐Olivas Mario , Torres Luis , Mazzetti Pilar , Cosentino Carlos , Sarapura‐Castro Elison , Rivera‐Valdivia Andrea , Dieguez Elena , Raggio Victor , Lescano Andres , Tumas Vitor , Borges Vanderci , Ferraz Henrique B. , Rieder Carlos R. , Schumacher‐Schuh Artur F. , Santos‐Lobato Bruno L. , Velez‐Pardo Carlos , Jimenez‐Del‐Rio Marlene , Lopera Francisco , Moreno Sonia , Chana‐Cuevas Pedro , Fernandez William , Arboleda Gonzalo , Arboleda Humberto , Arboleda‐Bustos Carlos E. , Yearout Dora , Zabetian Cyrus P. , Thornton Timothy A. , O'Connor Timothy D. , Lal Dennis , Mata Ignacio F. ,   Latin American Research Consortium on the Genetics of Parkinson's Disease (LARGE‐PD)
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundParkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and affects people from all ethnic backgrounds, yet little is known about the genetics of Parkinson's disease in non‐European populations. In addition, the overall identification of copy number variants at a genome‐wide level has been understudied in Parkinson's patients. The objective of this study was to understand the genome‐wide burden of copy number variants in Latinos and its association with Parkinson's disease.MethodsWe used genome‐wide genotyping data from 747 Parkinson's disease patients and 632 controls from the Latin American Research Consortium on the Genetics of Parkinson's disease.ResultsGenome‐wide copy number burden analysis showed that patients were significantly enriched for copy number variants overlapping known Parkinson's disease genes compared with controls (odds ratio, 3.97; 95%CI, 1.69–10.5; P = 0.018). PRKN showed the strongest copy number burden, with 20 copy number variant carriers. These patients presented an earlier age of disease onset compared with patients with other copy number variants (median age at onset, 31 vs 57 years, respectively; P = 7.46 × 10−7).ConclusionsWe found that although overall genome‐wide copy number variant burden was not significantly different, Parkinson's disease patients were significantly enriched with copy number variants affecting known Parkinson's disease genes. We also identified that of 250 patients with early‐onset disease, 5.6% carried a copy number variant on PRKN in our cohort. Our study is the first to analyze genome‐wide copy number variant association in Latino Parkinson's disease patients and provides insights about this complex disease in this understudied population. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Novel Protein Biomarkers of Monoamine Metabolism Defects Correlate with Disease Severity
Authors: Tristán‐Noguero Alba , Borràs Eva , Molero‐Luis Marta , Wassenberg Tessa , Peters Tessa , Verbeek Marcel M. , Willemsen Michel , Opladen Thomas , Jeltsch Kathrin , Pons Roser , Thony Beat , Horvath Gabriella , Yapici Zuhal , Friedman Jennifer , Hyland Keith , Agosta Guillermo E. , López‐Laso Eduardo , Artuch Rafael , Sabidó Eduard , García‐Cazorla Àngels 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundGenetic defects of monoamine neurotransmitters are rare neurological diseases amenable to treatment with variable response. They are major causes of early parkinsonism and other spectrum of movement disorders including dopa‐responsive dystonia.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to conduct proteomic studies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with monoamine defects to detect biomarkers involved in pathophysiology, clinical phenotypes, and treatment response.MethodsA total of 90 patients from diverse centers of the International Working Group on Neurotransmitter Related Disorders were included in the study (37 untreated before CSF collection, 48 treated and 5 unknown at the collection time). Clinical and molecular metadata were related to the protein abundances in the CSF.ResultsConcentrations of 4 proteins were significantly altered, detected by mass spectrometry, and confirmed by immunoassays. First, decreased levels of apolipoprotein D were found in severe cases of aromatic L‐amino acid decarboxylase deficiency. Second, low levels of apolipoprotein H were observed in patients with the severe phenotype of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency, whereas increased concentrations of oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein were found in the same subset of patients with tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. Third, decreased levels of collagen6A3 were observed in treated patients with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency.ConclusionThis study with the largest cohort of patients with monoamine defects studied so far reports the proteomic characterization of CSF and identifies 4 novel biomarkers that bring new insights into the consequences of early dopaminergic deprivation in the developing brain. They open new possibilities to understand their role in the pathophysiology of these disorders, and they may serve as potential predictors of disease severity and therapies. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The enhancement of finite difference method for EM simulating the arbitrary fractures
Authors: Chen Fangzhou , Wu Dagang , Yu Mengping , Wang Hanming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe numerical technique—finite difference method (FDM) is one well‐known computational method requiring a delicate meshing algorithm used to optimize the simulation accuracy of complicated electromagnetic (EM) structures. The widely used Yee's staggered lattices discretize the EM field components and require the structured cubic meshing data. The structured mesh has intrinsic limitations on simulating irregular formations and objects. By applying a reliable numerical material‐mixing method to calculate the effective properties of mesh cells, the 2.5D FDM solver, with this numerical method implemented, can observe the inclined layers and the thin fracture in the formation without extra grids on interfaces. The tool responses from the practical complex formation with and without fracture showing up a distinguished difference in tool responses can be observed, verifying the validity of the proposed analysis strategies.
A low‐profile half‐mode substrate‐integrated waveguide antenna with frequency and radiation pattern reconfigurable characteristics
Authors: Zhou Jinzhi , Yang Ming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBased on half‐mode substrate‐integrated waveguide (HMSIW) cavity, a low‐profile antenna with frequency and radiation pattern reconfigurable characteristics is proposed in this article. A metal layer is printed on the bottom of the HMSIW cavity, which works as an extend ground plane. The resonance frequency, radiation gain and front‐to‐back ratio (FBR) of the HMSIW antenna are extremely sensitive to the dimension of the bottom layer, which consists of the original ground plane and the extended portion. Three PIN diodes are installed on the back of the antenna to change the length of the bottom metal layer. Attribute to the variable metal layer at the bottom of the antenna, two resonant modes with different radiation patterns are obtained. Meanwhile, an E‐shaped patch is also placed at the radiating edge of the HMSIW cavity to improve the impedance matching. In order to verify the reconfigurable features, a low‐profile HMSIW antenna is fabricated and tested. The measured results show that the designed antenna has two working states, which are basically agreement with the simulated results. Among them, the resonance bandwidth of state I is 4.99 to 5.05 GHz with a maximum gain of 3.6 dBi and an average efficiency of 78.6%. Similarly, the resonant bandwidth of state IІ is 5.14 to 5.19 GHz with a peak gain of 5.3 dBi and an average radiation efficiency of 87.4%. Moreover, the measured results of radiation pattern also exhibit the reconfigurable characteristics from quasi‐omnidirectional to directional in xoz plane.
Fully automatic quantification of fibroglandular tissue and background parenchymal enhancement with accurate implementation for axial and sagittal breast MRI protocols
Authors: Wei Dong , Jahani Nariman , Cohen Eric , Weinstein Susan , Hsieh Meng‐Kang , Pantalone Lauren , Kontos Despina 
Published: November 2020

PurposeTo propose and evaluate a fully automated technique for quantification of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) in breast MRI.MethodsWe propose a fully automated method, where after preprocessing, FGT is segmented in T1‐weighted, nonfat‐saturated MRI. Incorporating an anatomy‐driven prior probability for FGT and robust texture descriptors against intensity variations, our method effectively addresses major image processing challenges, including wide variations in breast anatomy and FGT appearance among individuals. Our framework then propagates this segmentation to dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI to quantify BPE within the segmented FGT regions. Axial and sagittal image data from 40 cancer‐unaffected women were used to evaluate our proposed method vs a manually annotated reference standard.ResultsHigh spatial correspondence was observed between the automatic and manual FGT segmentation (mean Dice similarity coefficient 81.14%). The FGT and BPE quantifications (denoted FGT% and BPE%) indicated high correlation (Pearson's r = 0.99 for both) between automatic and manual segmentations. Furthermore, the differences between the FGT% and BPE% quantified using automatic and manual segmentations were low (mean differences: −0.66 ± 2.91% for FGT% and −0.17 ± 1.03% for BPE%). When correlated with qualitative clinical BI‐RADS ratings, the correlation coefficient for FGT% was still high (Spearman's ρ = 0.92), whereas that for BPE was lower (ρ = 0.65). Our proposed approach also performed significantly better than a previously validated method for sagittal breast MRI.ConclusionsOur method demonstrated accurate fully automated quantification of FGT and BPE in both sagittal and axial breast MRI. Our results also suggested the complexity of BPE assessment, demonstrating relatively low correlation between segmentation and clinical rating.
Association of genetic mutations and loss of ambulation in childhood‐onset dystrophinopathy
Authors: Haber Gregory , Conway Kristin M. , Paramsothy Pangaja , Roy Anindya , Rogers Hobart , Ling Xiang , Kozauer Nicholas , Street Natalie , Romitti Paul A. , Fox Deborah J. , Phan Han C. , Matthews Dennis , Ciafaloni Emma , Oleszek Joyce , James Katherine A. , Galindo Maureen , Whitehead Nedra , Johnson Nicholas , Butterfield Russell J. , Pandya Shree , Venkatesh Swamy , Bhattaram Venkatesh Atul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundQuantifying associations between genetic mutations and loss of ambulation (LoA) among males diagnosed with childhood‐onset dystrophinopathy is important for understanding variation in disease progression and may be useful in clinical trial design.MethodsGenetic and clinical data from the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Tracking, and Research Network for 358 males born and diagnosed from 1982 to 2011 were analyzed. LoA was defined as the age at which independent ambulation ceased. Genetic mutations were defined by overall type (deletion/duplication/point mutation) and among deletions, those amenable to exon‐skipping therapy (exons 8, 20, 44–46, 51–53) and another group. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsMutation type did not predict time to LoA. Controlling for corticosteroids, Exons 8 (HR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.08, 0.63) and 44 (HR = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.12, 0.78) were associated with delayed LoA compared to other exon deletions.ConclusionsDelayed LoA in males with mutations amenable to exon‐skipping therapy is consistent with previous studies. These findings suggest that clinical trials including exon 8 and 44 skippable males should consider mutation information prior to randomization.
Responsiveness of two sexual function questionnaires: PISQ‐IR and FSFI in women with pelvic floor disorders
Authors: Grzybowska Magdalena Emilia , Wydra Dariusz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo assess responsiveness of sexual function questionnaires: Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire, IUGA‐Revised (PISQ‐IR) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) in women with pelvic floor disorders (PFD).MethodsThe study included 261 subjects who completed PISQ‐IR and FSFI at baseline and after treatment (median: 8 months). Standardized response mean (SRM) and effect size (ES) were calculated for sexually active (SA) and not‐SA (NSA) women. Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI‐I) was applied to assess treatment outcomes.ResultsA total of 184 women reported “very much better”/”much better” on the PGI‐I scale posttreatment and were enrolled for further study. After treatment, 21.7% of the NSA women resumed sexual activity, 13.9% of the initially SA‐abstained, and no change was reported for 152 (82.6%) subjects (87‐SA and 65‐NSA). Significant improvement in PISQ‐IR SA domains was observed, with mild responsiveness for Arousal/Orgasm (SRM = 0.34, ES = 0.29, p = .003) and good responsiveness for Condition Specific, Global Quality and Summary Score (SRM = 0.51, ES = 0.50; SRM = 0.54, ES = 0.47; SRM = 0.75, ES = 0.63, p < .001). The Condition Impact domain demonstrated excellent responsiveness (SRM = 1.13, ES = 1.17, p < .001). In NSA, PISQ‐IR had good responsiveness in Condition Impact (SRM = −0.76, ES = −0.59, p < .001), and mild in Condition Specific (SRM = −0.30, ES = −0.28, p < .03) domains. In FSFI, posttreatment sexual function in SA was improved in Desire, Arousal, Orgasm, Satisfaction, Pain domains and Total score, proving mild responsiveness (SRM, 0.24–0.48; p < .04). In NSA, FSFI proved nonresponsive.ConclusionPISQ‐IR and FSFI are responsive tools, useful to investigate the effects of treatment on sexual function in SA (both questionnaires) and NSA (only PISQ‐IR) women with PFD.
Suppression of Insulin Secretion in the Treatment of Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Huang Zhengxiang , Wang Weihao , Huang Lili , Guo Lixin , Chen Chen 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis proof‐of‐concept study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of suppression of insulin secretion in the treatment of obesity.MethodsA search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (up to January 1, 2020) that used drugs that directly suppress insulin secretion (diazoxide or octreotide) in the treatment of obesity. The extracted data were analyzed using random‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of seven randomized controlled trials were included, with four using diazoxide and three using octreotide to suppress insulin secretion. Suppression of insulin secretion significantly reduced fasting insulin level (mean difference: −3.94 mIU/L; 95% CI: −7.40 to −0.47) but slightly increased fasting blood glucose level (mean difference: 0.48 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.72). Following the suppression of insulin secretion, significant reductions in body weight (mean difference: −3.19 kg; 95% CI: −5.71 to −0.66), BMI (mean difference: −1.65 kg/m2; 95% CI: −2.41 to −0.90), and fat mass (mean difference: −5.92 kg; 95% CI: −8.28 to −3.56) were observed compared with placebo in the pooled data. No significant difference in fat‐free mass was observed (mean difference: 0.56 kg; 95% CI: −0.40 to 1.52).ConclusionsResults suggest that suppression of insulin secretion may lead to reduced body weight and fat mass with slightly increased blood glucose in individuals with obesity.
Effect of Obesogenic Medication on Weight‐ and Fitness‐Change Outcomes: Evidence from the Look AHEAD Study
Authors: Moon Rena C. , Almuwaqqat Zakaria 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis study evaluates whether obesogenic medications may decrease the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions. The authors of this study hypothesized that participants who took obesogenic medications would be less responsive to the intervention in the Look AHEAD trial.MethodsIn the trial, 5,145 participants with overweight or obesity, aged 45 to 76 years with type 2 diabetes, were randomly assigned to an intervention (vs. support and education). In this analysis, the association of exposure to obesogenic medications and successful weight loss (≥5% and ≥10% of total weight) and fitness gain (≥1 and ≥2 metabolic equivalents) was examined. For each outcome, multiple logistic regression models were fitted.ResultsAnalytic sample sizes were 4,496 for weight‐change analyses and 4,051 for fitness‐change analyses. After adjusting for covariates, exposure to one or more obesogenic medications significantly decreased the odds of achieving ≥5% weight loss by 32% (odds ratio [OR] 0.68) and achieving ≥10% weight loss by 19% (OR 0.81). The association was dose‐dependent—participants using two or more medications were less likely to achieve weight loss than those using one medication. Obesogenic medication exposure was not associated with decreased odds of achieving fitness gain overall.ConclusionsThe results suggest that exposure to obesogenic medications could hinder successful weight loss in a lifestyle intervention for people with diabetes.