bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSV-28 Effect of a neuro-sensory additive on meat quality of feedlot finishing beef cattle
Authors: Desrousseaux Guillaume , D’Aurea Andre Pastori , Fernandes Lauriston Bertelli , Tozetto Rodrigo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Combining natural additives with specific and selected neuro-sensory molecules is a possible solution to manage stress in feedlot beef cattle. The objective of this study was to assess the use of a neuro-sensory additive (VeO) on meat quality of finishing feedlot beef cattle. This study was conducted from May to August in the Premix Research Center, Patrocínio Paulista, Brazil. VeO is based on a specific extract from Rutacea family. 80 Nellore bulls were randomly assigned to a control group (C) and a treated group (V) with 40 animals in each (10 per pen). Both groups received the same total mixed ration supplemented with Fator P (Premix, Brazil) with the addition of VeO as the only difference for 100 days up to slaughter. 160 cuttings in Longissimus muscle were sampled from C carcasses and V carcasses (n = 20) and packed in PVC blister packs 48h post-mortem. Analyzed variables were red color (a*), yellow color (b*) and drip losses (%) at packing then 3 days, 5 days and 7 days after. Statistical analysis was performed through mixed procedure of SAS software. Interactions between treatment and time was observed for values a* (P = 0.003) and b* (P = 0.056) and drip losses as well (P = 0.03). Globally meat from animals fed VeO presented more stable red and yellow colors. From day 5, it presented more intense red and yellow colors in comparison to meat from control animals. At day 7 drip losses were reduced with treatment (V: 8.7% vs. C: 11.4%, P = 0.012). Results showed that the use of the neuro-sensory additive during finishing of feedlot beef cattle improved appearance of meat after slaughter, leading to possible extended shelf life.
PSV-34 Carcass characteristics of Criollo and Criollo crossbred steers raised on Chihuahuan Desert rangeland
Authors: McIntosh Matthew , Cibils Andres , Estell Rick , Gonzalez Alfredo , Spiegal Sheri , Blair Amanda , Nyamurekung’e Shelemia , Soto-Navarro Sergio A , Tolle Cindy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We compared carcass characteristics of 11 Raramuri Criollo (RC) and 8 Criollo x Brangus crossbred (XC) steers raised together on Chihuahuan Desert rangeland. Steers entered the trial (completely randomized design) at approximately 5 months of age (December, 2015). Initial weights of RC and XC steers were 233.7 ± 7.8 and 231.4 ± 9.2 kg, respectively. Steers weighed 423.1 ± 7.8 (RC) and 483.0 ± 9.2 (XC) kg at 29 months of age (February 1, 2018), before being shipped to South Dakota where they were fed hay for approximately one month until slaughter (February 28, 2018). Carcass characteristics, such as hot (HCW) and cold carcass weights (CCW), preliminary yield grade (PYG), ribeye area (REA), marbling score (MS), and quality grade (QG) were assessed. Breed effects for all variables (excluding QG) were analyzed using SAS Proc Mixed; SAS Proc Npar1way was used to evaluate QG. Compared to XC, RC steers had lighter (P &lt; 0.01) HCW (220 ± 5 vs. 265 ± 6 kg) and CCW (210 ± 5 vs. 254 ± 6 kg), and smaller (P &lt; 0.01) REA (56 ± 1.4 vs. 61.7 ± 1.6 cm2). No differences (P &gt; 0.05) were observed between RC and XC steers in PYG (2.3 ± 0 vs. 2.4 ± 0.2) or MS (452 ± 31 vs. 456 ± 36). Average QG for all carcasses was between high standard and low choice and was not different (P &gt; 0.05) for RC versus XC carcasses. Our preliminary results show no major difference in carcass quality parameters of RC and XC steers developed on Chihuahuan Desert rangeland.
PSV-33 Marbling and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the muscle of Nellore and Nellore × Angus steers fed whole shelled corn diets
Authors: Ladeira Marcio M , Teixeira Priscilla , Rodrigues Aline , Coelho Tamara , Santos Ana Carolina , Junior Jose Maria Oliveira , Casagrande Daniel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective was to evaluate marbling and the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the muscle of Nellore and Nellore × Angus steers fed whole shelled corn (WSC) diets. Thirty-two steers with initial average body weight of 353 ±25.3 kg were used in a completely randomized design using a 2 × 2 factorial design (2 breeds and 2 diets). One diet had 80% of WSC and 20% of a soybean meal and mineral-based supplement. The other diet had 74% of WSC, 20% of the same supplement, and 6% of sugarcane bagasse. Immediately after the slaughter of steers (around 450 kg of body weight), longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle samples were collected, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80°C for gene expression analyses using RT-qPCR. Twenty-four hours after slaughter, samples were taken from LT muscle to analyze marbling score. The model included breed, diet, and their interaction as fixed effects and animals as random effect. There was no effect of breed (364 and 358; P = 0.80) and diet (355 and 367; P = 0.56) on LT marbling. Nellore × Angus steers had greater expression of LPL, FASN, and CPT2 (Table 1), which means a greater lipid turnover. The expression of SCD1 gene tended to increase (P = 0.06) in muscle of Nellore steers fed WSCB diet, while in Nellore × Angus muscle, this diet tended to decreased SCD1 expression. Regarding diet, steers fed WSC had lower expression of FABP4, and greater expression of ACOX1. In conclusion, Nellore × Angus had greater fatty acid uptake, synthesis, and oxidation that did not result in greater intramuscular fat. In addition, animals fed whole shelled corn diet with sugarcane bagasse did not increase expression of SREBF1 and lipogenic genes, and consequently did not increase marbling. Funded by Capes, Fapemig and INCT-Ciência Animal.
PSIX-31 The mineral profile of GuarPro F-81, a potential protein source for swine and other livestock in the United States
Authors: Liao Shengfa F , Humphrey Rebecca , Brett James , Rude Brian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
High feed cost is a major economic concern in animal production industries, largely due to the increasing global demands for foods, feeds, and biofuels. Animal producers, especially animal nutritionists, have been searching for alternative feedstuffs to reduce the feed cost. Guar meal is the main by-product from the guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoba L.) gum industry. Although said to be unpalatable and maybe toxic, the new guar meal products, such as GuarPro F-81, possess promise to be alternatives for feeding animals, mainly because they contain great amounts of protein and carbohydrates and are inexpensive. The proximate nutrient values and amino acid profile of GuarPro F-81 have been previously reported, and this study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the mineral contents of GuarPro F-81 are comparable to that of soybean meal. Three GuarPro F-81 samples were randomly collected from a guar meal production company in India and aliquoted to 30 to 100 g/sample after arrival for analysis in four university and commercial laboratories. The results showed that GuarPro F-81 contained (as-fed basis; mean ± SD, n = 4) 0.22 ± 0.015% calcium, 0.77 ± 0.022% phosphorus, 0.40 ± 0.023% magnesium, 1.67 ± 0.079% potassium, 0.016 ± 0.012% sodium, 249 ± 42.8 ppm iron, 21.3 ± 1.78 ppm manganese, 72.8 ± 9.00 ppm zinc, and 11.5 ± 7.25 ppm copper. The sulfur content was 0.54 ± 0.177% (n = 2) and the nickel content was 5.30% (n = 1). When compared with soybean meal (dehulled, solvent extracted), the contents of iron, magnesium, zinc, sulfur, and phosphorus in GuarPro F-81 are approximately 154, 50, 49, 34, and 8% greater, respectively, while the contents of copper, potassium, calcium, manganese, and sodium are approximately 24, 25, 34, 40, and 80% less, respectively. Nonetheless, the bioavailabilities of these minerals warrant further investigation.
PSIX-9 Dietary β-sitosterol improves immunity and antioxidant status in broilers
Authors: Cheng Yefei , Chen Yueping , Wen Chao , Zhou Yanmin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The application effects of phytosterols on poultry production have been reported. However, due to the mixed compositions, it is difficult to explain their action mode and physiological functions. β-sitosterol, the most abundant phytosterol, is naturally widespread in plant products. Information, however, is scarce in terms of effects of β-sitosterol on broilers. This research therefore investigated effects of dietary β-sitosterol with different levels on immunity and antioxidant capacity in broilers. Two hundred and forty one-day-old chicks were randomly allocated into five treatments of six replicates. Chickens in the five groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control group), 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/kg β-sitesterol for 42 days, respectively. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Polynomial contrasts were used to test the linear and quadratic response to β-sitosterol levels. Difference among groups was evaluated using Tukey’s test, which was considered significant if P &lt; 0.05. Dietary β-sitosterol linearly increased (P &lt; 0.05) contents of serum immunoglobulin G and hepatic glutathione, activities of serum superoxide dismutase and catalase, whereas linearly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) concentrations of serum tumor necrosis factor α and hepatic malondialdehyde. Serum interleukin 1β level was linearly and quadratically reduced by β-sitosterol inclusion (P &lt; 0.05). Compared with the control group, dietary β-sitosterol with higher levels than 60 mg/kg increased concentrations of serum immunoglobulin G and hepatic glutathione, activities of serum superoxide dismutase and catalase (P &lt; 0.05), whereas decreased serum tumor necrosis factor α content (P &lt; 0.05). Its dosages higher than 40 mg/kg reduced serum interleukin 1β content (P &lt; 0.05), and 100 mg/kg of which lowered hepatic malondialdehyde concentration (P &lt; 0.05). The results indicated that dietary β-sitosterol could improve immunity and antioxidant ability in broilers. Also, a level of 80 mg/kg β-sitosterol supplementation was recommended into broiler diet.
PSIX-26 Effect of supplemental Arg on respiration rate and body temperature of pigs exposed to heat stress
Authors: Trejo Adriana Morales , González Fernanda , Bernal Hugo , Cervantes Miguel , Gonzalez-Vega Caroline , Htoo John K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Heat stress (HS) reduces feed intake and affects the well-being of pigs by increasing their body temperature (BT) and respiration rate (RR). Nitric oxide, an Arg metabolite, helps to dissipate body heat by stimulating blood vasodilation. Because reduced feed intake translates into decreased Arg consumption, the effect of supplementing Arg in the diet on BT and RR was analyzed using 8-ileal cannulated pigs (61.7±2.7 kg BW) exposed to HS. A thermometer set to register BT at 5-min intervals was implanted into the ileum. There were two treatments: control wheat-soybean meal plus free Lys-Thr diet (CON), and the CON diet added with 0.20% free Arg (ARG). The study was conducted in two-6 d periods; d1-d3 for diet adaptation and d4-d6 for BT data analysis. The RR (respirations per min - rpm) was measured in all pigs at 0600-h and 1600-h. Pigs were fed at 0700-h and 1900-h, 900 g/meal. Ambient temperature and relative humidity were: 28.2-to-34.6 °C, 53-to-82%, respectively. Ambient temperature and BT followed a similar pattern every day. There was no interaction in BT and RR between periods. Overall, BT of ARG pigs (40.75°C) was slightly lower (P &lt; 0.05) than in CON pigs (40.71°C). Arg supplementation greatly reduced RR (rpm) regardless of period and day time (P &lt; 0.05): overall (91, 73), period-1 (98, 78), period-2 (85, 68), 0600-h, (68, 52), 1600-h (115, 94), respectively. The RR at 0600-h (60) was lower than at 1400-h (109; P &lt; 0.05) regardless of diet. The reduced RR because of Arg supplementation may be explained as an increased synthesis of nitric oxide probably resulting in both increased vasodilation and dissipation of body heat. In conclusion, although supplemental Arg caused a modest decrease in BT, the large RR reduction may indicate that Arg might help to improve the welfare of HS pigs.
PSIX-36 Effect of lauric acid based additives on piglets fecal microbiota
Authors: Sol Cinta , Puyalto Mónica , Lindenbeck Mario , Mallo Juan José , Zentek Jürgen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of two feed lauric acid (LA) based additives on faecal microbiota of piglets. A total of 256 piglets were distributed (from 25 to 66d of age) in 4 treatments: CON-, diet without additives nor antibiotics; CON+, diet with Doxycycline; DIC, CON- diet plus sodium salt of coconut fatty acids distillate at 3kg/t and 1kg/t in starter and grower diets; MON, CON- diet plus monolaurine at 2.1kg/t and 0.7kg/t in starter and grower diets. The dosage of both products was made at the same level of LA (0.96kg LA/t starter and 0.32kg LA/t grower). At the end of the study, the 16S rDNA sequencing was performed. The result showed a drastic decrease in the abundance of the dominating genus Prevotella within the MON group compensated by other genera increase, mostly Selenomonadales. Streptococcus, Treponema, and unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae, Dialister or Bacillus increased their respective abundances. Treponema was more pronounced in the DIC, however, all other mentioned genera did not show a similar increase in abundance. Dialister (a marker for disease in humans) showed significantly lower abundance in DIC. In the bacterial fingerprints, a trend for clustering according to treatment was visible. Six of eight CON- samples formed a separate cluster. Six of eight samples of the DIC formed a cluster that shared very low similarity to the CON-. Four of eight CON+ samples formed a separate cluster. MON samples were interspersed among all samples and showed no distinct clustering. Even though quantitative microbial comparisons were only anecdotal, observations may indicate a more “healthier” microbiota in the DIC than was present in the MON. DIC also showed a much closer similarity of bacterial fingerprints for the pooled samples in the qualitative analysis indicating that DIC had a higher potential to modify the faecal (hindgut) microbiota than MON.
PSIX-28 Effects of dietary flavor in experimental and commercial nursery diets on growth performance of weaned pigs
Authors: Kim Soyun , Lee Jeongjae , Kim Sheena , Kim Byeonghyeon , Kang Joowon , Mun Daye , Baek Jangryeol , Kyoung Hyunjin , Choe Jeehwan , Seo Dongoh , Hung Alex , Lee Jongmoon , Song Minho 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate effects of dietary flavor as a feed additive on growth performance of weaned pigs. The flavor used in experiments was a commercial product (Luctarom®, Lucta Guangzhou, China) containing milky cream flavor. In Exp. 1, 72 weaned pigs (initial BW = 6.51 ± 0.21 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments (4 pigs/pen; 9 replicates/treatment): an experimental diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON1) and CON1 supplemented with 0.05% flavor (FLA). In Exp. 2, 72 weaned pigs (initial BW = 6.66 ± 0.32 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments (4 pigs/pen; 9 replicates/treatment): a commercial diet based on corn and soybean meal with spray dried plasma, fish meal, and zinc oxide (CON2) and CON2 supplemented with FLA. Pigs were fed respective dietary treatment for 6 weeks. Growth performance was measured on day 1, 7, 14, 21, and 42 after weaning. Data were analyzed using the PROC GLM procedure of SAS. The statistical model for every measurement included dietary effect and BW as a covariate in a randomized complete block design (block = BW). In Exp. 1, pigs fed FLA tended to increase ADG (0.493 vs. 0.451 kg/d; P &lt; 0.10) during the experimental period compared with those fed CON1. However, there were no differences in ADFI and G:F between CON1 and FLA. In Exp. 2, pigs fed FLA had greater ADG (0.548 vs. 0.463 kg/d; P &lt; 0.05) and tended to increase ADFI (0.870 vs. 0.753 kg/d; P &lt; 0.10) during the experimental period than those fed CON2. However, there was no difference in G:F between CON2 and FLA. In conclusion, the addition of dietary flavor in experimental and commercial nursery diets improved growth performance of weaned pigs.
PSVII-28 Additivity of energy concentrations and phosphorus and calcium digestibility in hatchery byproducts fed to nursery pigs
Authors: Sung Jung Y , Kim Beob G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the additivity of energy concentrations and phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) digestibility in hatchery byproducts. In our previous studies, digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P and Ca were determined using 10-kg barrows. Test ingredients were infertile eggs, unhatched eggs, culled chicks, and a mixture (20% infertile eggs, 20% unhatched eggs, and 60% culled chicks). It was hypothesized that determined nutritional values of the mixture is not different from predicted values calculated from nutritional values in each ingredient. A t-test was used to determine the additivity on nutritional values in the mixture. The predicted DE in the mixture was not different from the determined value (4,203 and 4,224 kcal/kg as-is; P = 0.890), and the predicted ME was not different from the determined value (3,990 and 3,998 kcal/kg as-is; P = 0.959). Predicted ATTD and STTD of P in the mixture (46.4 and 58.4%, respectively) were greater than determined values (35.5 and 47.4%, respectively; P &lt; 0.05). However, predicted ATTD and STTD of Ca in the mixture (45.5 and 51.7%, respectively) were less than determined values (58.0 and 64.5%, respectively; P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, energy concentrations in a hatchery byproduct mixture could be predicted as a weighted mean of energy values in infertile eggs, unhatched eggs, and culled chicks, whereas phosphorus and calcium digestibility values in the mixture were not additive.
PSVII-6 Precision feeding and reduced crude protein on nitrogen efficiency of pigs raised under tropical conditions
Authors: Santos Luan S , Perondi Dani , Veira Alini , Gobi Jaqueline , Pomar Candido 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Feeding pigs with low protein diets is suggested to attenuate the negative effects of heat stress in pigs reared in hot climate areas, without changes on pigs performance. This study aimed to evaluate the nitrogen balance of pigs raised under tropical conditions and fed in conventional group-phase feeding systems (CON) or fed individually with daily tailored diets (IPF) receiving diets formulated with low (LCP) or high (HCP) crude protein. Sixty male castrated pigs (39kg±0.98) were assigned to 4 treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. The experiment lasted 56 days (phase 1: d 0–28, and 2: d 29–56). CON fed pigs received within each phase a constant blend of diets A (high nutrient) and B (low nutrient density) supplying the estimated nutrient requirements of the group, whereas IPF pigs received daily a personalized blend providing the estimated amount of nutrients. Body lean was assessed by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the beginning and at the end of each phase and converted to body protein. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS including the fixed effects of feeding system, feed formulation, and their interactions. Pigs receiving LCP diets reduced the CP intake in 27% (P &lt; 0.001). However, IPF pigs consumed on average 15% less CP than CON pigs (P &lt; 0.001). Regardless of the reduced CP intake, LCP fed pigs showed a greater N retention than pigs receiving HCP diets during the first phase (P &lt; 0.01). Moreover, pigs fed LCP diets excreted 30% less N to the environment than pigs fed HCP diets (P &lt; 0.001). When LCP diets are complemented with the use of IPF technique, the N excreted can be reduced 18% more than in CON system (P &lt; 0.001). Our results indicate that LCP diets and IPF are feasible to improve the nitrogen utilization of pigs raised under tropical conditions.
PSXIII-37 Alteration of mRNA abundance of the oxidizing factors-related genes during the transition period in dromedary camel
Authors: Zarrin Mousa , Christensen Rachael , DoostMohammadi S Kazem , Ahmadpour Ahmadali , Ahmadpour Amir 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Livestock near and during parturition have a complex defense system against environmental and physiological stresses. Little knowledge exists for some livestock species, such as camels, during this time. However, camels are an important species in some areas of the world. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the expression of genes responsible for the regeneration of hepatic oxidizing factors. Ten multiparous (2.38 ± 0.56; mean ± SEM parity) pregnant camels weighing 527.94 ± 73.46 kg BW were studied. Camels pastured daily, kept in individual stalls nightly with a partial mixed ration and free access to water while in stalls. Hepatic biopsies were taken days 60, 45, 30, and 15 antepartum (AP) and days 3, 15, 30, 45, and 60 postpartum (PP). The mRNA abundance of glutathione reductase (GSR1), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1), and sulfiredoxin (Srx1) were determined using the qPCR technique. Significances were determined using the general linear model with repeated measures of IBM SPSS statistics software v. 21.0 and are presented as means ± SEM (Figure 1). Means differences were determined using LSD test and considered significant if P values &lt; 0.05. Compared to d 60AP, mRNA abundance of TrxR1 and Srx1 reached their peak at d 3PP (P ≤ 0.03). Although TrxR1 decreased slightly by d 15 and 30PP compared to d 3PP (P = 0.04), it was higher compared to all AP time-points (P ≤ 0.05). mRNA abundance of Srx1 decreased at d 30PP compared to d 3PP (P = 0.05). In contrast, the frequency of the GSR1 mRNA was static until d 30PP, reduced slightly (P ≤ 0.05) then was unchanged to the end of the study period. These results show that genes responsible for hepatic oxidizing factors could be considered immunoregulatory factors for orchestrating cytoprotective systems against oxidative stress.
PSXIII-19 Effects of injectable trace mineral supplements at the initiation of estrus synchronization on pregnancy rates in beef cows
Authors: Dahlen Carl , McCarthy Kacie L , Underdahl Sarah , Crosswhite Mellissa , Neville Bryan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate effects of administering injectable trace mineral supplements to beef cows at the initiation of estrus synchronization on pregnancy rates to AI. Four hundred seventeen Angus and Red Angus-based beef cows at two locations were stratified by parity, body condition score, and days postpartum, then randomly assigned to one of 2 treatments; 1) untreated controls (CON; n = 208); or 2) received 90 mg Cu, 60 mg Mn, 30 mg Se, and 360 mg Zn as an injectable TM supplement initiation of synchronization (6 ml Multimin 90 s.q.; ITM; n = 209). All cows received a controlled internal drug release insert (CIDR; 1.38g progesterone) and 100 µg gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) im, followed in 7 d by CIDR removal and 25 mg prostaglandin F2alpha, followed in 60 to 66 hours with AI and 100 µg GnRH i.m. Cows received an Estrotech heat detection patch on their tailhead at CIDR removal, which was assigned an activation status at AI (yes = ≥50% of patch activated; no = &lt; 50%). Pregnancy status was determined via transrectal ultrasound on day 35 to 40 after AI to determine pregnancy rates to AI in response to treatments. No location × treatment interaction was present (P = 0.66), but pregnancy rate was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for Location 1 (76.9%; 70 of 91) than for Location 2 (58.0%; 189 of 326). However, no differences (P = 0.50) in pregnancy rates were observed among CON (123/208; 63.5%) and ITM (127/209; 60.8%). Overall, 56.6% of cows had activated estrus detection patches at AI, and more cows with activated patches became pregnant (169/236; 71.6%) compared with cows having unactivated patches (90/181; 49.7%). In this experiment, ITM administration at the initiation of estrus synchronization had no negative effects on pregnancy rate to AI.