bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully Convolutional Networks for pathophysiological Intracranial Pressure waveform classification
Authors: Vrabie O. , Faltermeier R. , Schmidt N.O. , Brawanski A. , Lang E. W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is generally assumed that the analysis of intracranial pressure (ICP) waveforms could be used for the detection of multiple cerebral pathophysiologies. A main obstacle for the analysis of ICP waveforms is given by the large variation of their generating signal, the arterial blood pressure (ABP). Using extended principal component analysis (PCA) we show that it is possible to distinguish between ICP waveforms generated by pathological ABP waveforms, e.g. in the case of a heart failure, without loosing information about the state of the cerebral compliance. We also create a dataset for ICP pulse classification that can be used to train models to distinguish between an intact and diminished cerebral compliance, as a function of the ICP-generating ABP pulse. As a baseline for classification we build a fully convolutional network (FCN) that reaches high performance with relatively few data.
Inhibition of GFAT1 in lung cancer cells destabilizes PD-L1 protein and improves immune response
Authors: Chen Wenshu , Saxton Bryanna , Belinsky Steven A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImmunotherapy using checkpoint blockers (antibodies) has been a major advance in recent years in the management of various types of solid cancers including lung cancer. One target of checkpoint blockers is programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed by cancer cells, which engages programmed death 1 (PD-1) on T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells resulting in suppression of their activation and cancer-killing function, respectively. Apart from antibodies, other clinically relevant agents that can inhibit PD-L1 are limited. PD-L1 protein stability depends on its glycosylation. Here we show that L-glutamine:D-fructose amidotransferase 1 (GFAT1) a rate-limiting enzyme of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) which produces uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl-β-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a precursor for glycosylation, is required for the stability of PD-L1 protein. Inhibition of GFAT1 activity markedly reduced interferon γ (IFNγ)-induced PD-L1 levels in various lung cancer cell lines. GFAT1 inhibition suppressed glycosylation of PD-L1 and accelerated its proteasomal degradation. Importantly, inhibition of GFAT1 in IFNγ-treated cancer cells enhanced the activation of T cells and the cancer-killing activity of NK cells. These findings support using GFAT1 inhibitors to manipulate PD-L1 protein level that could augment the efficacy of immunotherapy for lung cancer.
Cucumber Mosaic Virusand their associated satellite RNAs infecting banana (Musa sp. Genomic group AAA)in Côte d’Ivoire : A molecular characterization
Authors: Koua Dominique K. , Ebou Anicet , Kouadio Theodore K. , Lepoivre Philippe , Massart Sébastien 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn Côte d’Ivoire, banana (Musa sp.) ranks third among exportation products and represents 3% of the Gross Domestic Product with a national production up to 500000 tons in 2019. Banana is subject to numerous disease agents among which viruses cause significant losses. To figure out the impact of viruses in Ivorian industrial banana fields, surveys were conducted in the 7 main banana production departments. A total of 260 leaf fragments presenting viral symptoms were collected and analyzed. From the 65 leaf fragments used for biological indexing, 14 showed symptoms related toCucumber mosaic virus(CMV). CMV presence was confirmed by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) using CMV polyclonal antibodies. CMV strains we isolated, appeared to be highly infectious and to produce various symptoms like mosaic, chlorosis, and necrotic spots onCucumis sativus,Cucurbita pepo, andNicotiana tabacum. Satellite RNAs (SatRNAs) associated with CMV isolates were also detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with a degenerate primer pair. CMV’s coat protein as well as satRNAs was sequenced. Novel Ivorian coat proteins and satRNAs were compared to publicly available sequences. We noticed a single amino acid substitution (Serine to Leucine) at position 73 of the novel coat protein that allowed us to divide Ivorian CMV strains into two groups. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis suggested that Ivorian strains might be classified into CMV Subgroup IA. We also discovered that satellite RNA associated with Ivorian CMVs form a separate clade.
Effects of seasonality, fertilization and species on the chlorophyllafluorescence as related with photosynthesis and leguminous tree growth during Amazonian forest restoration
Authors: Jaquetti Roberto Kirmayr , de Carvalho Gonçalves José Francisco , Nascimento Henrique Eduardo Mendonça , da Costa Karen Cristina Pires , Maia Jair Max Fortunato , Schimpl Flávia Camila 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe ability of species to adjust their light energy uptake is determined during plant establishment and development. Changes in resource availability may impact energy fluxes and photosynthesis. General and specific variations in chlorophyllafluorescence under high vs. low water and nutrient conditions have been studied. N2-fixing leguminous trees, which are commonly used in tropical forest restoration, seem to be very well adapted to degraded ecosystems. To understand the effects of biological nitrogen fixation on Chlafluorescence variables, three of the six Fabaceae species selected for this study were N2-fixing species. Additionally, the correlation among Chlafluorescence and growth, photosynthesis and nutrient levels was evaluated. A 24-month forest restoration experiment was established, and data on dark-adapted Chlafluorescence, photosynthesis, diameter growth and foliar nutrients were collected. Multivariate analysis was performed to detect the effects of seasonality and fertilization. Under high water- and nutrient-availability conditions, plants exhibited enhanced performance index values that were correlated with electron transport fluxes. Under drought and nutrient-poor conditions, most species exhibited increased energy dissipation as a method of photoprotection. Great interspecific variation was found; therefore, species-specific responses to the test conditions should be considered in future studies. N2-fixing species showed increased performance index and maximum fluorescence values, indicating their ability to colonize high-light environments. Negative correlations were found between photosynthesis and trapped fluxes and between diameter growth and initial fluorescence. Electron transport fluxes were positively correlated with growth. Given the different responses identified among species, Chlafluorescence is considered a cost-effective technique to screen for seasonality, nutrient and N2-fixing species effects and should be considered for use during forest restoration. Finally, including N2-fixing species and multiple fertilization treatments in related studies may greatly facilitate the restoration of biogeochemical cycles in the tropics.
Lipid binding by N-terminal motif mediates plasma membrane localization ofBordetellaeffector protein BteA
Authors: Malcova Ivana , Bumba Ladislav , Uljanic Filip , Kuzmenko Darya , Nedomova Jana , Kamanova Jana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe classicalBordetellaspecies,B. pertussisandB. bronchiseptica, employ a type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject a 69-kDa BteA effector into the host cells. Upon injection, BteA localizes to the cytosolic leaflet of lipid rafts via its N-terminal lipid raft targeting (LRT) domain and induces cell death. The plasma membrane targeting and cytotoxicity mechanisms of BteA are poorly understood. Using protein-lipid overlay assay and surface plasmon resonance, we showed here that the recombinant LRT domain, which adopts a four-helix bundle topology of membrane localization domains, specifically binds negatively charged membrane phospholipids. The binding affinity for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-containing liposomes with Kd ~450 nM was higher than for those enriched in phosphatidylserine (Kd ~1.2 μM) while both phospholipids were required for plasma membrane targeting in yeast cells. The membrane association of LRT further depended on its electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions and involved a loop L1-located leucine residue. Importantly, charge-reversal substitutions within the L1 region disrupted plasma membrane localization of BteA effector without hampering its cytotoxic activity duringB. bronchisepticainfection of HeLa cells. The LRT-mediated targeting of BteA to the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane of host cells is, hence, dispensable for the effector cytotoxicity.Author summaryThe respiratory pathogens of humans and other animals,Bordetella pertussisandBordetella bronchiseptica, produce a type III secretion system effector protein BteA. This effector consists of two functional domains, an N-terminal lipid raft targeting (LRT) domain, and a cytotoxic C-terminal domain, which induces non-apoptotic and caspase-1-independent host cell death. We found here that the LRT domain of BteA associates with plasma membrane by binding to negatively charged phospholipids. We further discovered that the mechanism of membrane association by LRT is reminiscent of the one used by three other diverse families of toxins: clostridial glucosyltransferase toxins, multifunctional-autoprocessing RTX toxins (MARTX), andPasteurella multocida-liketoxins. Intriguingly, we also report that plasma membrane targeting by the LRT domain does not contribute to cytotoxic activity of BteA duringB. bronchisepticainfection. Overall, our work elucidated the mechanism of plasma membrane association by LRT, and further provided the basis for future research on cellular activities of BteA and the mechanism of BteA-induced cell death.
The Development of a Novel Nanobody Therapeutic for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ye Gang , Gallant Joseph P. , Massey Christopher , Shi Ke , Tai Wanbo , Zheng Jian , Odle Abby E. , Vickers Molly A. , Shang Jian , Wan Yushun , Drelich Aleksandra , Kempaiah Kempaiah R. , Tat Vivian , Perlman Stanley , Du Lanying , Tseng Chien-Te , Aihara Hideki , LeBeau Aaron M. , Li Fang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCombating the COVID-19 pandemic requires potent and low-cost therapeutics. We identified a novel series of single-domain antibodies (i.e., nanobody), Nanosota-1, from a camelid nanobody phage display library. Structural data showed thatNanosota-1bound to the oft-hidden receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, blocking out viral receptor ACE2. The lead drug possessing an Fc tag (Nanosota-1C-Fc) bound to SARS-CoV-2 RBD with a Kdof 15.7picomolar (∼3000 times more tightly than ACE2 did) and inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection with an ND50of 0.16microgram/milliliter (∼6000 times more potently than ACE2 did). Administered at a single dose,Nanosota-1C-Fcdemonstrated preventive and therapeutic efficacy in hamsters subjected to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Unlike conventional antibody drugs,Nanosota-1C-Fcwas produced at high yields in bacteria and had exceptional thermostability. Pharmacokinetic analysis ofNanosota-1C-Fc documented a greater than 10-dayin vivohalf-life efficacy and high tissue bioavailability.Nanosota-1C-Fcis a potentially effective and realistic solution to the COVID-19 pandemic.Impact statementPotent and low-costNanosota-1drugs block SARS-CoV-2 infections bothin vitroandin vivoand act both preventively and therapeutically.
The MCMV immunoevasin gp40/m152inhibits NKG2D receptor RAE-1γ by intracellular retention and cell surface masking
Authors: Lis Natalia , Hein Zeynep , Ghanwat Swapnil S. , Ramnarayan Venkat Raman , Chambers Benedict J. , Springer Sebastian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNKG2D is a crucial Natural Killer (NK) cell activating receptor, and the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) employs multiple immunoevasins in order to avoid NKG2D-mediated activation. One of the MCMV immunoevasins, gp40 (m152), downregulates the cell surface NKG2D ligand, RAE-1γ, thus limiting NK cell activation. This study establishes the molecular mechanism by which gp40 retains RAE-1γ in the secretory pathway. Using flow cytometry and pulse chase analysis, we demonstrate that gp40 retains RAE-1γ in the early secretory pathway, and that this effect depends on the binding of gp40 to a host protein, TMED10, a member of the p24 protein family. We also show that the TMED10-based retention mechanism can be saturated, and that gp40 has a backup mechanism as it masks RAE-1γ on the cell surface, blocking the interaction with the NKG2D receptor and thus NK cell activation.Summary statementMCMV immunoevasin gp40 inhibits the NKG2D-activating ligand RAE-1γ by intracellular retention that depends on the p24 member TMED10, and additionally by masking it at the cell surface.
Functional proximity mapping of RNA binding proteins uncovers a mitochondrial mRNA anchor that promotes stress recovery
Authors: Qin Wei , Myers Samuel A , Carey Dominique K. , Carr Steven A , Ting Alice Y 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProximity labeling (PL) with genetically-targeted promiscuous enzymes has emerged as a powerful tool for unbiased proteome discovery. By combining the spatiotemporal specificity of PL with methods for functional protein enrichment, it should be possible to map specific protein subclasses within distinct compartments of living cells. Here we demonstrate this capability for RNA binding proteins (RBPs), by combining peroxidase-based PL with organic-aqueous phase separation of crosslinked protein-RNA complexes (“APEX-PS”). We validated APEX-PS by mapping nuclear RBPs, then applied it to uncover the RBPomes of two unpurifiable subcompartments - the nucleolus and the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). At the OMM, we discovered the RBP SYNJ2BP, which retains specific nuclear-encoded mitochondrial mRNAs during translation stress, to promote their local translation and import of protein products into the mitochondrion during stress recovery. APEX-PS is a versatile tool for compartment-specific RBP discovery and expands the scope of PL tofunctionalprotein mapping.Graphic Abstract
Crystal and solution structures reveal oligomerization of individual capsid homology domains of Drosophila Arc
Authors: Hallin Erik I. , Markússon Sigurbjörn , Böttger Lev , Torda Andrew E. , Bramham Clive R. , Kursula Petri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSynaptic plasticity is vital for brain function and memory formation. One of the key proteins in long-term synaptic plasticity and memory is the activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc). Mammalian Arc forms virus-like capsid-like structures in a process requiring the N-terminal domain and contains two C-terminal lobes that are structural homologues to retroviral capsids.Drosophilahas two isoforms of Arc, dArc1 and dArc2, with low sequence similarity to mammalian Arc, but lacking the mammalian Arc N-terminal domain. Both dArc isoforms have a capsid homology domain consisting of N- and C-terminal lobes. We carried out structural characterization of the four individual dArc lobe domains. As opposed to the corresponding mammalian Arc lobe domains, which are monomeric, the dArc lobes were all oligomeric in solution, indicating a strong propensity for homophilic interactions. The N-lobe from dArc2 formed a domain-swapped dimer in the crystal structure, resulting in a novel dimer interaction that could be relevant for capsid assembly or other dArc functions. This domain-swapped structure resembles the dimeric protein C of flavivirus capsids, as well as the structure of histones dimers, domain-swapped transcription factors, and membrane-interacting BAK domains. The strong oligomerization properties of the isolated dArc lobe domains explain the ability of dArc to form capsids in the absence of any large N-terminal domain, in contrast to the mammalian protein.
The different development trajectory of noncognitive abilities of urban and rural children: evidence from China family panel studies
Authors: Zhao Rujing , Zhou Hao 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the temporal development of noncognitive abilities of children and the development trajectory of rural and urban children's noncognitive abilities in China.Design/methodology/approachLexis diagram is used as the research framework to depict the development trajectory of rural and urban children's noncognitive abilities in China. By employing the nationally representative longitudinal survey data, China Family Panel Studies (2010–2016), the difference of rural and urban children's noncognitive abilities is disentangled into temporal, age and cohort effects.FindingsThere is a significant temporal rural–urban difference in children's noncognitive abilities, but the rural–urban gap would expand, narrow or show more complex development trends under different measurements. The results of age and cohort comparison are similar to those of temporal comparison, that is, there are divergent trajectories of rural–urban gap due to the different measurements and different ages and/or cohorts. Specifically, urban children perform better in self-esteem, but rural children always have a higher social responsibility, such a contrast between urban children's weak social responsibility under the advantageous condition and rural children's strong social responsibility in the relatively disadvantageous environment.Originality/valueChildren's noncognitive ability is not innate but is a gradually acquired characteristic through training and cultivation. The rural–urban difference of children's noncognitive abilities implies educational issues concerning educational principles in the urban environment and the educational resources' allocation in the rural society in China. Besides, as the unidimensional measurement of children's noncognitive ability is insufficient, the systematic measurement composed of multidimensional indicators utilizing cohort data or longitudinal data would be needed.
Effective leadership behaviours and information culture in the higher education institution
Authors: Virkus Sirje , Salman Anmar 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This study aims to increase the understanding of the connection between effective leadership behaviours and information culture in the higher education institution (HEI).

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative case study was conducted at one department of an HEI in Estonia. This study used semi-structured interviews and document analysis for data collection. The hypothesis-generating technique applying grounded theory analysis was used for data analysis.

Findings
The information culture of the department was a multiple culture with mixed attributes from the relationship-based culture and the risk-taking culture. Six main effective leadership behaviours within the department were identified, namely, communicating well about the direction the department is going, having a clear sense of direction and strategic vision, providing resources for and adjusting workloads to stimulate scholarship and research, making academic appointments that enhance department’s reputation, allowing the opportunity to participate in key decisions and encouraging open communication and creating a positive and collegial work atmosphere. The main hypotheses that illustrate the influence of effective leadership behaviours on information culture were generated.

Practical implications
The findings of this study can inform the training of future leaders in HEIs.

Originality/value
There is a lack of research in higher education that focuses on the relationship between leadership and information culture, and this research fills this gap.
Collaborative approach to public service improvement: the Malaysian experience and lessons
Authors: Siddiquee Noore Alam , Xavier John Antony 
Published: November 2020

PurposeIn 2009, Malaysia saw a unique approach to public service improvement. The National Blue Ocean Strategy (NBOS) was designed to enhance governmental performance by breaking down silos across ministries so that resources could be pooled and a leap in value of service is secured. This paper aims to examine the extent to which the NBOS has catalysed inter-agency collaboration and delivered improvements to public services.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts a qualitative approach drawing on data collected through semi-structured individual interviews with key informants complemented with information from other sources. The interview evidence has been triangulated with those obtained through group discussions, personal observations and review of official records and publications.FindingsThe paper shows that despite some teething problems, the NBOS has performed commendably. It has made notable inroads in promoting cross-agency collaboration, demonstrating evidence of improved service delivery and cost savings for the government. In short, it has produced results in areas where previous reforms have performed poorly.Originality/valueThe paper adds to the limited literature on collaborative management in developing countries. The Malaysian experience suggests that leadership and commitment at the highest level, an effective governance structure, participation of key actors at various stages and a blend of top-down and bottom-up approaches to project development and management are among the critical success factors for a collaborative approach.
Who is interested in retail education? The (mis)match between the leading universities’ offerings and job demand in the UK
Authors: Pantano Eleonora , Pizzi Gabriele , Rogers Andrew 
Published: November 2020

PurposeRetail management has acquired the attention of scholars and practitioners, with many international and prestigious journals specifically relating to the topic. Also, top-tier journals in other disciplines have proposed special issues on the new advances in retailing, with emphasis on the role of new and smart technologies. On the one hand, the research in retailing seems to be prolific; on the other hand, the interest in retail education (from a research and university perspective) seems to be more limited. The purpose of this paper is to capture the (mis)match between the leading universities' offerings and job demand in the UK. In this way, the paper identifies opportunities for educators and researchers to educate future career-ready professionals in retailing and improve research in retail education.Design/methodology/approachThe research evaluates the offer of UK retail education in terms of programmes/courses, focusing on the Russell Group universities for the academic year 2020/2021 (September starts) and the demand of certain skills and competences by the largest retailers in the UK. The study utilizes secondary data based on the courses/programmes specifically related to the retail sector and on the job opportunities through the leading UK grocery retailers.FindingsThe findings reveal the extent of the gap between the university educational offerings and the requirements from retailers.Originality/valueTo the best of authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to capture and compare multiple evidence bases related to academic curriculums and employers' requirements for specific retail competencies.