bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Outcomes of Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery in 29 Patients with Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Iranmehr Arad , Esmaeilnia Mostafa , Afshari Khashayar , Sadrehosseini Seyed Mousa , Tabari Azin , Jouibari Morteza Faghih , Zeinalizadeh Mehdi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Recently the endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) has been introduced as a modality for the treatment of patients with craniopharyngiomas. In this study, we describe our initial experience in treatment of 29 patients with craniopharyngiomas using this approach.
Methods Twenty-nine consecutive patients with craniopharyngiomas who had undergone EES in a 5-year period were studied retrospectively. Patients underwent preoperative and postoperative endocrinologic and ophthalmologic evaluations. Radiologic characteristics of tumors and extent of resection were determined. The recurrence and complications were evaluated.
Results Pituitary and visual dysfunction were observed preoperatively in 89.7 and 86% of patients, respectively. After EES, visual outcome either showed an improvement or else remained unchanged in 92.3% of the cases; however, pituitary function remained unchanged and even got worsened in 34.6% of the cases. Prevalence of diabetes insipidus before and after surgery was 58.6 and 69.2%. The rate of gross total resection was 62%. Moreover, 86.2% of the tumors were almost totally resected (more than 95% of the tumor size resected). After surgery, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and meningitis occurred in four (13.8%) and two (6.9%) patients, respectively. Perioperative mortality was seen in two of the cases (6.9%). The mean follow-up was 25 months and tumor recurrence was discovered in four patients (15.3%).
Conclusion The EES with the goal of maximal and safe tumor resection could be used for the treatment of most craniopharyngiomas. Although the rates of visual improvement and gross tumor resection are high, CSF leak, pituitary dysfunction, and meningitis are serious concerns.
Survival and Prognostic Analysis after Pulmonary Metastasectomy for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Dudek Wojciech , AlMoussa Emad , Schreiner Waldemar , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Sirbu Horia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background There is no consensus on the value of pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) for head and neck cancer (HNC). The aim of our single-institution study was to evaluate outcomes and to examine factors influencing 5-year survival of patients undergoing resections for HNC lung metastases.
Methods All HNC patients undergoing curative-intent PM between January 2008 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The impact of factors related to primary tumor, metastases, and associated therapy on patient survival was evaluated using the univariable Cox proportional hazard model. Cutoff values of continuous variables were determined by a receiver operating characteristic analysis.
Results In total, 44 patients (32 males and 12 females, with a median age of 65 years) underwent PM for metastatic HNC. There was one perioperative death, and major complications occurred in 2 (4.5%) patients. The median interval between the treatment of primary tumor and PM was 19.4 months (range: 0–151 months). Median size of the largest resected pulmonary lesion was 1.3 cm (range: 0.3–6.9 cm). Mean follow-up was 21 months (range: 0–123 months), and 5-year overall survival (OS) rate after the first PM was 41%. Resection was complete (R0) in all patients. Larger size of pulmonary metastasis (≥1.4 cm; hazard ratio: 4.49; 95% confidence interval: 1.79–11.27) was a significantly negative prognostic factor.
Conclusion Despite the lack of randomized controlled trials, PM for HNC is a reasonable therapeutic option with favorable survival in a selected population. In patients with larger pulmonary lesions, shorter OS after PM is to be expected.
Fellow Involvement in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Is There an “August Effect?”
Authors: Crawford David A. , Berend Keith R. , Lombardi Adolph V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine if a fellow's involvement, as well as duration of a fellow's training, impacts complications, outcomes, and survivorship in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A retrospective review identified 2,790 consecutive patients (3,530 knees) who underwent primary TKA between 2003 and 2008. A 2-year minimum follow-up was available on 2,785 knees (2,195 patients). Operative data, clinical outcomes, complications, and survivorship were compared between cases with and without a fellow involved as well as comparing cases in the first quarter (Q1) of the academic year to the last three quarters (Q2–4). Mean follow-up was 9.7 years. Fellows were involved in 1,434 (41%) surgeries. Fellow cases had significantly longer tourniquet times (59.5 vs. 49 minutes, p < 0.001) and operative times (82.4 vs. 70.8 minutes, p < 0.001). Overall, there was no difference in clinical, functional, or pain outcomes between attending and fellow cases. Fellow cases during Q1 had significantly worse pain scores (p = 0.009) and clinical scores (p < 0.001). Revision rate, infection rates, and survivorship were not significantly different between fellow and attendings or during Q1 of fellowship compared with attendings. Primary TKA survivorship and complications were not affected by fellow involvement or academic quarter. An “August Effect” may be suggested for clinical and pain outcomes in the first 3 months of fellowship.
Hedgehog–FGF signaling axis patterns anterior mesoderm during gastrulation
Authors: Guzzetta Alexander , Koska Mervenaz , Rowton Megan , Sullivan Kaelan R. , Jacobs-Li Jessica , Kweon Junghun , Hidalgo Hunter , Eckart Heather , Hoffmann Andrew D. , Back Rebecca , Lozano Stephanie , Moon Anne M. , Basu Anindita , Bressan Michael , Pott Sebastian , Moskowitz Ivan P. 
Published: June 2020

SignificanceAnterior–posterior axis patterning is a fascinating but poorly understood developmental process. Single-cell sequencing was utilized to interrogate patterning abnormalities in a mesoderm-specific Hedgehog (Hh) pathway mutant, which revealed selective anterior mesoderm defects. We found that Hh signaling was required for fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway activity in nascent mesoderm during gastrulation. Mouse genetics, cell biology, and genomic experiments indicate that FGF signaling acts downstream of Hh signaling in nascent mesoderm for anterior mesoderm morphogenesis. This work demonstrates the utility of applying single-cell technologies to resolve complex developmental phenotypes. Here, it revealed a role for Hh signaling from the node in organizing anterior mesoderm morphogenesis, independent of its role in left–right determination, by promoting FGF signaling in gastrulating mesoderm.
Intersecting location and possession
Authors: Matushansky Ora 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe focus of this paper is the possessive relation arising in several configurations between the complement of a locative preposition (u‘at/by’ andk(o)‘towards’ in Russian,bij‘by’ in Dutch andla‘to/at’ in Romanian, henceforth,u-preposition, heading au-PP) and another NP in the same clause. I will show thatu-PPs can introduce a number of distinct possessive relations in function of the syntactic context and that languages differ subtly in the matter of which such relations are available in which contexts. I will attribute this variation to the different semantic domains of these possessive PPs (locus-modifiers as opposed to event-modifiers) arising from the lexical specification of the possessive relators lexicalized by these prepositions.
Pazar Laz as a weak verb-framed language
Authors: Öztürk Balkız , Eren Ömer 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPazar Laz (pl) has a rich set of spatial prefixes, which encode path information as separate morphemes. However, unlike satellite-framed languages,plspatial prefixes are incompatible with manner of motion verbs, which do not inherently encode path information, but they can only be used with directed motion verbs where the path information is available in the lexical semantics of the verb. Given this pattern, complementingAcedo-Matellán (2016)’s classification of weak vs. strong satellite-framed languages, we argue that verb-framed languages are also of two types. While languages like Romance are strong verb-framed languages encoding Path directly in the verb root,plconstitutes an example of a weak verb-framed language, where Path is affixal and forms a single word with the verb. We argue that spatial prefixes spell out the underassociated Path projection of the verb à laRamchand (2008b).
Trust, but customize: federalism’s impact on the Canadian COVID-19 response
Authors: Migone Andrea Riccardo 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThis article explores how Canadian federalism, with its complex mix of competencies, and the country’s punctuated gradualism policy style interface with urgent, complex decision-making like the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that while punctuated gradualism favors tailored responses to pandemic management it is weaker when coordination and resourcing are to be undertaken during non-crisis situations and that, while the level of cooperation among Canadian jurisdictions has progressively increased over the years, policy is still almost exclusively handled at the federal, provincial and territorial levels. Furthermore, the model appears to have critical ‘blind spots’ in terms of vulnerable communities that do not emerge as such until after a crisis hits.
Solid angles in perspective
Authors: Quincey Paul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The specialised uses of solid angles mean that they are quite unfamiliar
quantities. This article, apart from making solid angles a little more familiar,
brings out several topics of general interest, such as how units are
interrelated and how equations depend on the choice of units. Although the
steradian is commonly used as the unit for solid angle, another unit, the square
degree, is used in astronomy, and a unit introduced here, the solid degree (with
360 solid degrees in a hemisphere) could be used with benefits that are similar
to those of the degree when it is used as the unit for plane angle. The article,
which is suitable for students at A-level and introductory undergraduate level,
also shows how solid angles can provide a gentle introduction to crystal
structure, spherical trigonometry and non-Euclidean geometry.
Simultaneous switching at multiple frequencies and triple plasmon-induced transparency in multilayer patterned graphene-based terahertz metamaterial
Authors: Liu Zhimin , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Zhenbin , Gao Enduo , Zhou Fengqi , Li Hongjian , Luo Xin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A novel multilayer terahertz metamaterial composed of double rectangle, vertical single rectangle, vertical double rectangle and single rectangle graphene layer is proposed. The dynamic adjustable triple plasmon induced transparency (PIT) is realized by coupling two bright modes and two dark modes, which is an especial synergy effect between two single-PIT. Coupled mode theory contained four resonators is employed to explain the triple-PIT, and the theoretical results exhibit excellent consistency with finite-difference time-domain. Surprisingly, the triple-PIT can evolve into a dual-PIT or a single-PIT only by changing the Fermi level of graphene, and the amplitude modulation degrees at the four resonance frequencies of the triple-PIT are 74.7%, 87.8%, 76.5%, and 77.7%, respectively. In addition, a simultaneous switching at multiple frequencies is realized by adjusting different Fermi levels. Therefore, this study not only lays the foundation for explaining phenomenon of the triple-PIT but also puts forward new ideas for the design of optoelectronic device.
The role of mathematics and self-efficacy in learning quantum mechanics
Authors: Kontro I , Palmgren E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Quantum mechanics is a highly mathematical topic that many students struggle with. We studied the effect of initial mathematics knowledge and self-efficacy on student learning on an introductory (first to second-year) quantum mechanics course by administering a mathematics pre-test and a self-efficacy questionnaire (N = 50). We correlated the results with course performance (exercise and exam scores). The self-efficacy beliefs of different student groups differed, but correlations between self-efficacy, initial mathematics skills and performance on this course remained modest. In addition, the correlations between self-efficacy beliefs in different aspects of learning quantum mechanics were low to moderate, meaning that students’ self-efficacy beliefs in this topic are highly situational. We observed that first-year students with high self-efficacy were more likely to report theoretical physics as their study track. Their initial mathematics skills did not differ from their peers, but they scored slightly better in exercises and the exam than first-year physics students, as the (experimental) physics group also included lower performing individuals. Second-year students who reported physics as their study track scored lower than both first-year physics and theoretical physics students in all measures. The explanation is likely a selective effect: the physics students who take the course in their first year are more comfortable with more advanced physics and mathematics content.
Prior experience and sense-making – a case study from DC circuit
Authors: John I , Allie S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This is part of a broader investigation, describes the sense-making episodes of student’s engagement with a task in DC circuits. We investigated the variation of student responses using an open DC circuit. The instrument, ACQ, consisted of 8 questions, each comprised of forced choice responses and free written responses. The forced choice responses showed that the student responses are context dependent and the free written responses identified the reasons and foothold ideas behind these variations at a fine-grained level. The results of personal interviews suggest that, student’s sense-making attempt is the driving force behind the contextual variations in their responses. We present such an episode from one of the eight interviews.
From helicopter to lighthouse: the experiences of a lecturer in equipping first year university physics students to move away from ‘answer making’ towards ‘sense making’
Authors: Williams J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper outlines the author’s teaching philosophy in terms of an analogy to the contrasting parenting styles of a ‘helicopter parent’ as opposed to a ‘lighthouse parent’. This teaching philosophy grew out of the recognition that the majority of students enter higher education in the author’s context in South Africa as ‘answer makers’. The author uses the theoretical frameworks of Vygotsky and Bruner to inform her attempts to enable the students to make the desired transition to ‘sense makers’. This paper illustrates the analogy and then gives concrete examples of some ways in which the author puts her teaching philosophy into practice in a first-year physics lecture environment.
Teacher professional development in the context of the “Open Discovery of STEM laboratories” project: Is the MOOC methodology suitable for teaching physics?
Authors: Persano Adorno D , Pizzolato N 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe “Open Discovery of STEM Laboratories” (ODL) project, funded by the European Erasmus+ KA2 program, was aimed at introducing the use of MOOCs in school curricula. In particular, it fostered teacher collaboration in creating and using micro-MOOCs for the inclusion of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) online remote or virtual laboratories in the everyday teaching practice. The project focused on teachers, educators and curriculum designers with the aim to strengthen their profile by supporting them to deliver high quality teaching practices and to adopt new methods and tools. Thanks to the project, in service and pre-service teachers had the opportunity to extend their knowledge about the inquiry-based science teaching approach, improve both digital skills and pedagogical competences, experience international collaborative work, explore attractive open education resources helpful to design creative lessons on STEM topics. In this contribution, we focus our attention on the results from the ODL teacher training in Italy, showing the valuable feedback collected by teachers on the impact of the ODL pedagogical approach on Physics education at secondary school, highlighting strengths and possible weaknesses of the proposed methodology. The feedback to the ODL experience provided by both teachers and students during the multiplier events, in the summer school and after the first pilot-studies in the classroom, was very positive. Experiencing micro-MOOCs’ approach has been reported by the teachers as a very effective strategy for increasing students’ motivation to learn physics more meaningfully. Thanks to the ODL methodology, student understanding of physics concepts has been achieved within a multidisciplinary learning context which also supports the development of transversal abilities, communication and reasoning skills. The ODL learning activities provided the students with the opportunity to develop a large range of complementary competencies, such as working in groups, interpreting and evaluating experimental data, designing models, facing and solving everyday problems, which are all very relevant in physics education.
Pre-service teachers’ perceptions of the professional attributes of future physics teachers
Authors: Nardi R , Parma F W , Belíssimo J R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We present here results of a study of longitudinal character, which sought to follow a group of future physics teachers of a State University in São Paulo, in Brazil, from the beginning until the conclusion of the teacher training course. The main objective was to understand how the research outcomes have been introduced or interfering in the education of these future teachers. In order to do that, we analyzed the possible variations in their imaginaries of aspects related to a possible ‘good teacher’ and the ‘evaluation of learning’. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires that were administered annually. The data were treated through Discourse Analysis, originated by Pêcheux and developed in Brazil by Orlandi and other researchers. Among the results obtained, we have noted the strength and impact that the course and its pedagogical project have on the students, and that the conditions of discourse production were fundamental for the change in their imaginaries regarding those themes.
Advantages of studying history and philosophy of science for pre-service physics teachers
Authors: Müller M G , Mendes A A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this exploratory case study was to investigate the views of four undergraduate physics pre-teacher students about the nature of Science (NOS). The students completed an History and Philosophy (HPS) course during the first semester of 2017 at Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Sul-rio-grandense (Pelotas – Brazil). Data on their views as well as the maintenance of their views, were collected through two surveys. The first survey was distributed after completion of the course. The second survey was distributed six months later. Students responses demonstrated that undertaking HPS studies was correlated with a positive influence on the development of adequate views of NOS. Students’ responses on the follow-up survey demonstrated that positive views on the NOS were retained for six months. The undergraduate physics teacher program from Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Sul-rio-grandense, advocates curricular and pedagogical efforts to help science teachers develop deeper understandings of the NOS. Results of this study have important implications for teacher education as well as for the implementation of current Brazilian’s education reform.
Gaps in teacher competencies linked to inquiry-based practical work in certain resource-constrained South African physical sciences classrooms
Authors: Akuma F V , Callaghan R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Dwindling learner interest in science is a threat to economic development and scientific research. While the inquiry-based teaching and learning strategy in science education can contribute in countering this threat, the required teacher professional development efforts are not always linked to the actual pedagogical experiences and needs of participants. With this in mind, we focussed on the case of two resource-constrained South African schools. The purpose was to identify gaps in teacher competencies linked to the routine implementation of Inquiry-Based Practical Work in physical sciences classrooms. In this regard, we used a conceptual framework incorporating the Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework. This was coupled with a multi-method data collection technique and the inductive technique in thematic analysis. The results consist of gaps in Content Knowledge, Pedagogical Knowledge, Technological Knowledge, Technological Pedagogical Knowledge, and certain professional values. These results have significant implications in relation to evidence-based teacher professional development practice and research in the study context and possibly beyond.
Generalized Uncertainty Principle and Momentum-Dependent Effective Mass Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Bagchi B , Ghosh R , Goswami P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We show in this paper that the basic representations of position and momentum in a quantum mechanical system, that are guided by a generalized uncertainty principle and lead to a corresponding one-parameter eigenvalue problem, can be interpreted in terms of an extended Schrödinger equation embodying momentum-dependent mass. Some simple consequences are pointed out.
A Primer on Temperature-Controlled Entangled-Photon Virtual-State Spectroscopy
Authors: León-Montiel R de J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Entangled two-photon absorption spectroscopy has been widely recognized as a promising tool for revealing important information about the structure and dynamics of complex molecular systems. In this contribution, we present the basics of the theory behind this technique and describe a novel experimental scheme known as temperature-controlled entangled-photon absorption spectroscopy, which constitutes the first, realistic proposal for the experimental implementation of nonlinear spectroscopy with quantum light.
On the Calculation of the Spectral Bands of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals
Authors: Barrera-Figueroa V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this work we consider the propagation of transverse electromagnetic waves in one-dimensional photonic crystals consisting of periodic arrays of slabs. On the basis of the Floquet theory we obtain the characteristic function of the periodic medium, which defines the photonic bands of the crystal. The characteristic function is constructed from the monodromy matrices of the slabs. Entries of monodromy matrices are explicitly given as power series of the spectral parameter. The present analysis can be applied not only to homogeneous slabs, but also to slabs with varying refractive indexes. The power series representation of the entries of monodromy matrices leads to an effective numerical method for the calculation of the spectral bands of one-dimensional photonic crystals.