bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Literature Review of Information Sources for Threat Modeling in the Power Systems Domain
Authors: Ling Engla , Lagerström Robert , Ekstedt Mathias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPower systems are one of the critical infrastructures that has seen an increase in cyber security threats due to digitalization. The digitalization also affects the size and complexity of the infrastructure and therefore makes it more difficult to gain an overview in order to secure the entire power system from attackers. One method of how to gain an overview of possible vulnerabilities and security threats is to use threat modeling. In threat modeling, information regarding the vulnerabilities and possible attacks of power systems is required to create an accurate and useful model. There are several different sources for this information. In this paper we conduct a systematic literature review to find which information sources that have been used in power system threat modeling research. Six different information sources were found: expert knowledge, logs & alerts, previous research, system’s state, vulnerability scoring & databases, and vulnerability scanners.
Predictive power of grand unification from quantum gravity
Authors: Eichhorn Astrid , Held Aaron , Wetterich Christof 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
If a grand-unified extension of the asymptotically safe Reuter fixed-point for quantum gravity exists, it determines free parameters of the grand-unified scalar potential. All quartic couplings take their fixed-point values in the trans-Planckian regime. They are irrelevant parameters that are, in principle, computable for a given particle content of the grand unified model. In turn, the direction of spontaneous breaking of the grand-unified gauge symmetry becomes predictable. For the flow of the couplings below the Planck mass, gauge and Yukawa interactions compete for the determination of the minimum of the effective potential.
Conformal four-point correlation functions from the operator product expansion
Authors: Fortin Jean-François , Prilepina Valentina , Skiba Witold 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We show how to compute conformal blocks of operators in arbitrary Lorentz representations using the formalism described in [1, 2] and present several explicit examples of blocks derived via this method. The procedure for obtaining the blocks has been reduced to (1) determining the relevant group theoretic structures and (2) applying appropriate predetermined substitution rules. The most transparent expressions for the blocks we find are expressed in terms of specific substitutions on the Gegenbauer polynomials. In our examples, we study operators which transform as scalars, symmetric tensors, two-index antisymmetric tensors, as well as mixed representations of the Lorentz group.
Two-parton scattering amplitudes in the Regge limit to high loop orders
Authors: Caron-Huot Simon , Gardi Einan , Reichel Joscha , Vernazza Leonardo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We study two-to-two parton scattering amplitudes in the high-energy limit of perturbative QCD by iteratively solving the BFKL equation. This allows us to predict the imaginary part of the amplitude to leading-logarithmic order for arbitrary t-channel colour exchange. The corrections we compute correspond to ladder diagrams with any number of rungs formed between two Reggeized gluons. Our approach exploits a separation of the two-Reggeon wavefunction, performed directly in momentum space, between a soft region and a generic (hard) region. The former component of the wavefunction leads to infrared divergences in the amplitude and is therefore computed in dimensional regularization; the latter is computed directly in two transverse dimensions and is expressed in terms of single-valued harmonic polylogarithms of uniform weight. By combining the two we determine exactly both infrared-divergent and finite contributions to the two-to-two scattering amplitude order-by-order in perturbation theory. We study the result numerically to 13 loops and find that finite corrections to the amplitude have a finite radius of convergence which depends on the colour representation of the t-channel exchange.
Novel carfilzomib-based combinations as potential therapeutic strategies for liposarcomas
Authors: Jeitany Maya , Prabhu Aishvaryaa , Dakle Pushkar , Pathak Elina , Madan Vikas , Kanojia Deepika , Mukundan Vineeth , Jiang Yan Yi , Landesman Yosef , Tam Wai Leong , Kappei Dennis , Koeffler H. Phillip 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib and carfilzomib, have shown efficacy in anti-cancer therapy in hematological diseases but not in solid cancers. Here, we found that liposarcomas (LPS) are susceptible to proteasome inhibition, and identified drugs that synergize with carfilzomib, such as selinexor, an inhibitor of XPO1-mediated nuclear export. Through quantitative nuclear protein profiling and phospho-kinase arrays, we identified potential mode of actions of this combination, including interference with ribosome biogenesis and inhibition of pro-survival kinase PRAS40. Furthermore, by assessing global protein levels changes, FADS2, a key enzyme regulating fatty acids synthesis, was found down-regulated after proteasome inhibition. Interestingly, SC26196, an inhibitor of FADS2, synergized with carfilzomib. Finally, to identify further combinational options, we performed high-throughput drug screening and uncovered novel drug interactions with carfilzomib. For instance, cyclosporin A, a known immunosuppressive agent, enhanced carfilzomib’s efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, these results demonstrate that carfilzomib and its combinations could be repurposed for LPS clinical management.
Reliable improvements in participation in low-impact sports following implantation of a patellofemoral inlay arthroplasty at mid-term follow-up
Authors: Pogorzelski Jonas , Rupp Marco-Christopher , Ketzer Conrad , Cotic Matthias , Lutz Patricia , Beeck Saskia , Imhoff Andreas B. , Feucht Matthias J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was, to investigate the rate of return to sports (RTS) and physical activity after implantation of PFIA and to identify factors predictive of improved postoperative sporting ability.

Methods
Sixty-two patients with a mean age of 46 ± 11 years, who underwent implantation of PFIA at the senior authors’ institution, were enrolled. They were prospectively evaluated preoperatively and at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively with a mean follow-up of 60 ± 25 months. Clinical outcomes, return to sports and activity, type of sport or activity, subjective satisfaction, and frequency were evaluated by questionnaire.

Results
The transformed overall Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score improved from 67 ± 16 to 77 ± 19 (p = 0.003), Tegner activity scale results improved from 3 ± 2 points to 4 ± 1 points (p < 0.001), and scores on the visual analog scale (VAS) pain scale decreased from 6 ± 2 points to 3 ± 2 points (p < 0.001). The sports frequency increased from 1 ± 2 sessions to 2 ± 1 sessions per week (p = 0.001). Ninety-four percent of the patients who did not fail could return to the same or higher level of sports, with 74% of the patients reporting an improved ability to perform sports. No preoperative factors could be detected to significantly influence RTS after surgery.

Conclusions
PFIA is a valid treatment option for the active patient with end-stage isolated patellofemoral OA. Reliable improvements in knee function, pain, and participation in low-impact sports were found.

Level of evidence
IV.
Clinical, Imaging and Procedural Risk Factors for Intrauterine Infective Complications After Uterine Fibroid Embolisation: A Retrospective Case Control Study
Authors: Mollier Josephine , Patel Neeral R. , Amoah Alison , Hamady Mohamad , Quinn Stephen D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction
This was a retrospective case–control study at a single tertiary centre investigating all UFE procedures between January 2013 and December 2018 for symptomatic fibroids. The aim was to determine the clinical, imaging and procedural risk factors which impact upon the risk of post-uterine fibroid embolisation (UFE) intrauterine infection. Cases were patients which developed intrauterine infection post-procedure, and controls were the background UFE population without infection.

Methods
Clinical demographics, presenting symptoms, uterine and fibroid characteristics on imaging and procedural variants were analysed. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The main outcome measures were presence of infection and requirement of emergency hysterectomy.

Results
333 technically successful UFE procedures were performed in 330 patients. Infection occurred after 25 procedures (7.5%). 3 of these patients progressed to overwhelming sepsis and required emergency hysterectomy. Clinical obesity (BMI > 30) (OR 1.53 [1.18–1.99]) and uterine volume > 1000cm3 (2.94 [1.15–7.54]) were found to increase the risk of infection

Conclusions
UFE is generally safe in patients with symptomatic fibroids. Obese patients (BMI > 30) and those with large volume uteri (> 1000cm3) are at slight increased risk of developing infection and require appropriate pre-procedural counselling, as well as careful post-UFE follow-up. BMI and uterine volume may be useful to assess before the procedure to help to determine post-UFE infection risk.
Nurse-led care for the management of rheumatoid arthritis: a review of the global literature and proposed strategies for implementation in Africa and the Middle East
Authors: Uthman Imad , Almoallim Hani , Buckley Christopher D. , Masri Basel , Dahou-Makhloufi Chafia , El Dershaby Yasser , Sunna Nancy , Raza Karim , Kumar Kanta , Abu-Saad Huijer Huda , Tashkandi Nabeeha , Louw Ingrid , Adelowo Olufemi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGlobally, increasing demand for rheumatology services has led to a greater reliance on non-physician healthcare professionals (HCPs), such as rheumatology nurse specialists, to deliver care as part of a multidisciplinary team. Across Africa and the Middle East (AfME), there remains a shortage of rheumatology HCPs, including rheumatology nurses, which presents a major challenge to the delivery of rheumatology services, and subsequently the treatment and management of conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To further explore the importance of nurse-led care (NLC) for patients with RA and create a set of proposed strategies for the implementation of NLC in the AfME region, we used a modified Delphi technique. A review of the global literature was conducted using the PubMed search engine, with the most relevant publications selected. The findings were summarized and presented to the author group, which was composed of representatives from different countries and HCP disciplines. The authors also drew on their knowledge of the wider literature to provide context. Overall, results suggest that NLC is associated with improved patient perceptions of RA care, and equivalent or superior clinical and cost outcomes versus physician-led care in RA disease management. Expert commentary provided by the authors gives insights into the challenges of implementing nurse-led RA care. We further report practical proposed strategies for the development and implementation of NLC for patients with RA, specifically in the AfME region. These proposed strategies aim to act as a foundation for the introduction and development of NLC programs across the AfME region.
Orbitale Schussverletzungen
Authors: Mayer C. S. , Bohnacker S. , Storr J. , Klopfer M. , Cordeiro S. A. , Khoramnia R. 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Schussverletzungen kommen im Bereich der Ophthalmologie glücklicherweise selten vor. Die Behandlung eines betroffenen Patienten ist sowohl ophthalmologisch als auch emotional eine besondere Herausforderung.

Methodik
Wir berichten über 7 konsekutive Fälle von Patienten mit einer orbitalen Schussverletzung, die über einen Zeitraum von 11 Jahren in einem Universitätsklinikum vorstellig wurden. Ausgewertet wurden der Schadenshergang mit beteiligter Waffe, die Schussart, das Verletzungsmuster, die kraniale Bildgebung, die Therapie und der Verlauf.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt konnten 7 Fälle von Schussverletzungen durch Waffen im Zeitraum von 2007 bis 2018 dokumentiert und ausgewertet werden. Alle 7 Patienten waren männlich. Das Alter betrug im Mittel 44 ± 27,5 Jahre. Fünfmal kam es durch einen Suizidversuch zu den Verletzungen, zweimal durch einen Unfall. Bis auf eine Schussverletzung mit einer Armbrust wurden Feuerwaffen verwendet. Viermal kam es dabei zu einem Steckschuss, zweimal zu einem Durchschuss und einmal zu einem Prellschuss. Der Endvisus lag bei den betroffenen Augen einmal bei einer einseitigen und ein weiteres Mal bei einer beidseitigen Amaurose, bei einem Patienten bei 1/35 MTV und bei 4 Patienten zwischen 0,2 und 0,7. Kein Patient ist an den unmittelbaren Folgen der Schussverletzung gestorben.

Diskussion
Schussverletzungen sind in Deutschland selten und haben meist einen suizidalen Hintergrund. Das Verletzungsmuster im Bereich der okulären Strukturen ist sehr variabel. Ein Rekonstruktionsversuch lohnt sich prinzipiell immer. Bei der Versorgung der Patienten ist eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit von Ophthalmologen und Neuro- und MKG- bzw. HNO-Chirurgen sowie Psychiatern notwendig.
Risk modeling in transcatheter aortic valve replacement remains unsolved: an external validation study in 2946 German patients
Authors: Wolff Georg , Shamekhi Jasmin , Al-Kassou Baravan , Tabata Noriaki , Parco Claudio , Klein Kathrin , Maier Oliver , Sedaghat Alexander , Polzin Amin , Sugiura Atsushi , Jung Christian , Grube Eberhard , Westenfeld Ralf , Icks Andrea , Zeus Tobias , Sinning Jan-Malte , Baldus Stephan , Nickenig Georg , Kelm Malte , Veulemans Verena 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurgical risk prediction models are routinely used to guide decision-making for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). New and updated TAVR-specific models have been developed to improve risk stratification; however, the best option remains unknown.ObjectiveTo perform a comparative validation study of six risk models for the prediction of 30-day mortality in TAVRMethods and resultsA total of 2946 patients undergoing transfemoral (TF,n = 2625) or transapical (TA,n = 321) TAVR from 2008 to 2018 from the German Rhine Transregio Aortic Diseases cohort were included. Six surgical and TAVR-specific risk scoring models (LogES I, ES II, STS PROM, FRANCE-2, OBSERVANT, GAVS-II) were evaluated for the prediction of 30-day mortality. Observed 30-day mortality was 3.7% (TF 3.2%; TA 7.5%), mean 30-day mortality risk prediction varied from 5.8 ± 5.0% (OBSERVANT) to 23.4 ± 15.9% (LogES I). Discrimination performance (ROC analysis,c-indices) ranged from 0.60 (OBSERVANT) to 0.67 (STS PROM), without significant differences between models, between TF or TA approach or over time. STS PROM discriminated numerically best in TF TAVR (c-index 0.66; range ofc-indices 0.60 to 0.66); performance was very similar in TA TAVR (LogES I, ES II, FRANCE-2 and GAVS-II all withc-index 0.67). Regarding calibration, all risk scoring models—especially LogES I—overestimated mortality risk, especially in high-risk patients.ConclusionsSurgical as well as TAVR-specific risk scoring models showed mediocre performance in prediction of 30-day mortality risk for TAVR in the German Rhine Transregio Aortic Diseases cohort. Development of new or updated risk models is necessary to improve risk stratification.Graphic abstract
The infinitesimal generator of the stochastic Burgers equation
Authors: Gubinelli Massimiliano , Perkowski Nicolas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe develop a martingale approach for a class of singular stochastic PDEs of Burgers type (including fractional and multi-component Burgers equations) by constructing a domain for their infinitesimal generators. It was known that the domain must have trivial intersection with the usual cylinder test functions, and to overcome this difficulty we import some ideas from paracontrolled distributions to an infinite dimensional setting in order to construct a domain ofcontrolled functions. Using the new domain, we are able to prove existence and uniqueness for the Kolmogorov backward equation and the martingale problem. We also extend the uniqueness result for “energy solutions” of the stochastic Burgers equation of Gubinelli and Perkowski (J Am Math Soc 31(2):427–471, 2018) to a wider class of equations. As applications of our approach we prove that the stochastic Burgers equation on the torus is exponentially$$L^2$$L2-ergodic, and that the stochastic Burgers equation on the real line is ergodic.
Neurotrophin signalling in amygdala-dependent cued fear learning
Authors: Meis Susanne , Endres Thomas , Lessmann Volkmar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe amygdala is a central hub for fear learning assessed by Pavlovian fear conditioning. Indeed, the prevailing hypothesis that learning and memory are mediated by changes in synaptic strength was shown most convincingly at thalamic and cortical afferents to the lateral amygdala. The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to regulate synaptic plasticity and memory formation in many areas of the mammalian brain including the amygdala, where BDNF signalling via tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptors is prominently involved in fear learning. This review updates the current understanding of BDNF/TrkB signalling in the amygdala related to fear learning and extinction. In addition, actions of proBDNF/p75NTR and NGF/TrkA as well as NT-3/TrkC signalling in the amygdala are introduced.
Existence results for closed Finsler geodesics via spherical complexities
Authors: Mescher Stephan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe apply topological methods and a Lusternik-Schnirelmann-type approach to prove existence results for closed geodesics of Finsler metrics on spheres and projective spaces. The main tool in the proofs are spherical complexities, which have been introduced in earlier work of the author. Using them, we show how pinching conditions and inequalities between a Finsler metric and a globally symmetric metric yield the existence of multiple closed geodesics as well as upper bounds on their lengths.
Influence of TEGDMA monomer on MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 production and collagenase activity in pulp cells
Authors: Lovász Bálint Viktor , Lempel Edina , Szalma József , Sétáló György , Vecsernyés Mónika , Berta Gergely 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Resin-based composites may leach monomers such as triethylene-glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), which could contribute to intrapulpal inflammation. The aim of this investigation was to examine whether various concentrations of TEGDMA are able to influence dentally relevant Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 production, total collagenase/gelatinase activity in pulp cells, and suggest possible signaling mechanisms.

Materials and methods
Pulp cells were cultured, followed by a 1-day exposure to sublethal TEGDMA concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.75 mM). Total MMP activity was measured by an EnzCheck total collagenase/gelatinase assay, while the production of specific MMPs and the relative changes of phosphorylated, i.e., activated signaling protein levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were identified by western blot. Immunocytochemistry image data was also plotted and analyzed to see whether TEGDMA could possibly alter MMP production.

Results
An increase in activated MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 production as well as total collagenase activity was seen after a 24-h exposure to the abovementioned TEGDMA concentrations. Increase was most substantial at 0.1 (P = 0.002) and 0.2 mM (P = 0.0381). Concurrent p-ERK, p-p38, and p-JNK elevations were also detected.

Conclusions
Results suggest that monomers such as TEGDMA, leached from resin-based restorative materials, activate and induce the production of dentally relevant MMPs in pulp cells. Activation of ERK1/2, p38, or JNK and MMP increase may play a role in and/or can be part of a broader stress response.
Clinical relevance
Induction of MMP production and activity may further be components in the mechanisms of intrapulpal monomer toxicity.
Report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change: implications for the mental health policy of children and adolescents in Europe—a scoping review
Authors: Clemens Vera , von Hirschhausen Eckart , Fegert Jörg M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractClimate change is a worldwide challenge. Its consequences do encompass severe threats not only for the existence and somatic health, but also for the mental health of children and adolescents. Mental health can be impaired by three types of consequences. Direct consequences of climate change, such as natural disasters and indirect consequences, such as loss of land, flight and migration, exposure to violence, change of social, ecological, economic or cultural environment. Moreover, the increasing awareness of the existential dimension of climate change in children and adolescents can influence their well-being or challenge their mental health. Consequences of climate change for somatic health may interact with mental health or have psychological sequelae in children and adolescents. Based on the estimates by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we have summarized current data on these differential pathways as to how climate change affects the mental health of children worldwide through selective literature research on Pubmed. Mental health sequelae of direct and indirect consequences of climate change, increased awareness and physical health problems caused by climate change are presented. We give insights into special vulnerabilities of children and adolescents and identify high-risk groups. As the “Fridays for Future” movement has been initiated in northern Europe, we will discuss these results with a focus on children and adolescents in Europe. The results indicate that climate change is a serious threat to children and adolescent mental health. Children´s rights, mental health and climate change should not continue to be seen as separate points; instead, they need to be brought together to address this major challenge determining the future of our children and their descendants.
Gender-related differences in migraine
Authors: Allais Gianni , Chiarle Giulia , Sinigaglia Silvia , Airola Gisella , Schiapparelli Paola , Benedetto Chiara 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMigraine is considered mostly a woman’s complaint, even if it affects also men. Epidemiological data show a higher incidence of the disease in women, starting from puberty throughout life. The sex-related differences of migraine hold clinical relevance too. The frequency, duration, and disability of attacks tend to be higher in women. Because of this, probably, they also consult specialists more frequently and take more prescription drugs than men. Different mechanisms have been evaluated to explain these differences. Hormonal milieu and its modulation of neuronal and vascular reactivity is probably one of the most important aspects. Estrogens and progesterone regulate a host of biological functions through two mechanisms: nongenomic and genomic. They influence several neuromediators and neurotransmitters, and they may cause functional and structural differences in several brain regions, involved in migraine pathogenesis. In addition to their central action, sex hormones exert rapid modulation of vascular tone. The resulting specific sex phenotype should be considered during clinical management and experimental studies.