bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post hoc analysis of initial treatments and control status in the INITIAL study: an observational study of newly diagnosed patients with asthma
Authors: Lin Jiangtao , Fu Xiuhua , Jiang Ping , Song Weidong , Hu Xiaoyun , Jie Zhijun , Liu Chuntao , He Zhengguang , Zhou Xiangdong , Tang Huaping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The 12-week, multicentre, observational INITIAL study (NCT02143739) assessed asthma severity in newly diagnosed Chinese patients.

Methods
Post hoc analysis of medication combinations prescribed per routine clinical practice at baseline, and the impact on control levels evaluated using 2012 vs 2018 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) criteria.

Results
In total, 4491 patients were included in the analysis. At baseline, intermittent, mild, moderate and severe asthma was reported in 3.9, 12.0, 22.6 and 61.6% of patients, respectively. Most patients (90.2%) were prescribed inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2 agonist (ICS/LABA). ICS/LABA plus ≥1 additional medication(s) was prescribed to 66.7% of patients, with leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA, 54.7%) being the most common additional medication. Distribution of ICS/LABA vs ICS/LABA+LTRA was comparable in patients with intermittent (3.2% vs 3.0%), mild (11.5% vs 9.7%), moderate (21.2% vs 19.9%) and severe asthma (64.1% vs 67.4%). Control levels among patients using ICS/LABA+LTRA vs ICS/LABA were comparable using GINA 2012 and lower using GINA 2018 criteria.
The proportion of patients using ICS/LABA+LTRA vs ICS/LABA with intermittent, mild, moderate and severe asthma controlled at Week 12 (using GINA 2012) were 78.1% vs 80.0, 86.5% vs 85.8, 78.5% vs 71.3, and 59.6% vs 61.8%, respectively. Using GINA 2018 criteria proportions were 86.8% vs 95.9, 86.1% vs 93.2, 82.1% vs 85.3, and 71.9% vs 77.6%, respectively.

Conclusions
Asthma control was not improved by adding LTRA to ICS/LABA and may have been unnecessary for some newly diagnosed patients. These findings were irrespective of the GINA criteria (2012 vs 2018) used and baseline severity.
Flexible automatic detection for security management of dispatching data network
Authors: Yang Xianrui , Liu Yuming , Wang Jiehong , Yao Zhao , Zhou Yanping , Fu Shucun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPower grid dispatching is among the forefront issues in the power industry for it can highly influence the efficiency of electricity-related industries. At present, power grid dispatching is usually managed manually, which is quite time-consuming with the continuous growth of scale and complexity of electric power systems. To mitigate the time cost of power grid dispatching, an automatic power grid dispatching system is proposed. The system contains devices configuration detection, flexible and automatic device detection and vertical encryption to ensure the efficiency, adaptability and security of power gird dispatching. In this paper, modeling and algorithm details of the automatic power grid dispatching system are presented, and the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed system was evaluated with power grid data in Kunming, China.
Characteristics of lytic phage vB_EcoM-ECP26 and reduction of shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli on produce romaine
Authors: Park Do-Won , Lim Ga-yeon , Lee Young-duck , Park Jong-Hyun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFoodborne Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) cause severe diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans. However, traditional methods for STEC sterilization are difficult to apply to fresh food. To control the pathogen, phage infecting E. coli O157:H7 were isolated and characterized. The isolated phage vB_EcoM-ECP26 had an icosahedral head and a contractile tail, and was classified as belonging to the Myoviridae family. The phage showed a broad host range against STEC and exhibited a large burst size of 1914 PFU/cell. The phage was highly stable at high temperatures (65 °C) and wide ranges of pH (4–10). The genome of vB_EcoM-ECP26 consists of 136,993 nucleotides, 214 open reading frames, and does not contain lysogenicity-related genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that vB_EcoM-ECP26 is a V5-like species. STEC O157 growth was inhibited by vB_EcoM-ECP26 for 8 h. Furthermore, this phage not only significantly decreased the STEC population (p < 0.05), but also persisted in fresh lettuce at 4 °C for 5 days. Therefore, these results reveal that the novel lytic phage vB_EcoM-ECP26 could be a useful agent for the control of foodborne STEC.
A TEORIA DA COMPLEXIDADE E A EDUCAÇÃO EXPERIENCIAL AO AR LIVRE: UM OLHAR À LUZ DA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Mariano Erich De Freitas 
Published: April 2020

O pensamento complexo defende que a contextualização do conhecimento deve ser priorizada e a educação experiencial define que as experiências já vividas pelos alunos e a reflexão das experiências que foram mediadas pelo educador também fundamentam a construção do saber. A relação entre a ação/experiência e suas consequencias e reflexões, ou seja, sua contextualização, é o que proporciona uma aprendizagem significativa. A educação pela aventura utiliza ferramentas que recontextualizam o conhecimento e reveem a relação do ser humano com a natureza por uma ótica hologramática. Consideram a interpretação complexa da realidade e por fim trabalha com as causas e efeitos dos problemas ambientais.
Morality in aversion?: Meditations on slum tourism and the politics of sight
Authors: Henry Jacob 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite fairly widespread popularity, slum tourism is enmeshed in moralizing debate. Supporters acknowledge that slum tourism may sometimes be problematic, but also may potentially be an important pedagogical experience which reveals the horrors of capitalism to westerners. Plus, supporters argue, there is no morality in aversion – we should never turn away from slums and poverty. However, social theory on the politics of sight and opacity suggests that the promise of transparency – showing the real poverty – may lead to a violence of seeing and knowing rooted in western development epistemologies. I argue that morality can be found in aversion and turning away from slum tourism in many instances. I suggest that wealthy, western and usually white bodies of slum tourists represent the violence of the status quo which seeks to make legible a periphery and to partially re-integrate into capital those who have been expelled from it. This paper contributes to a growing literature which deploys social theory to understand and critique slum tourism and its relationship with capitalist society.
Supportive, transformative and reverse effects of media on Tunisian diaspora’s political identity
Authors: Shehata Mostafa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Tunisian diaspora in Europe has gained significant research interest due to the fundamental changes recently triggered by the Tunisian Revolution with which the diaspora strongly interacted. This article investigates the potential effects of media use on the political identity of Tunisian diasporic communities in Europe, from a sociopolitical communication perspective. Based on 45 interviews conducted with Tunisians living in Denmark, Sweden and France, a special focus has been set on the patterns of media use in relation to components of political identity (homeland orientation, religion and ideology), considering the combined influences of both country of origin and country of residence. The analysis shows that media exerted supportive effects on the diaspora’s homeland orientations – a process that likely depended on participants’ previous connection with Tunisia. The media also exerted short-term transformative effects on the political ideology and a reverse effect on religious orientations – a process that mainly depended on life in both country of origin and country of residence. This article proposes that this Tunisian diaspora is more likely to construct a hybrid identity, supported by media channels that facilitate the adoption of sociopolitical principles derived from both country of origin and country of residence.
ANALISIS MODEL PEMBIAYAAN UMKM MELALUI PERAN LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO
Authors: Anggraeni Devi , Herlinawati Erna 
Published: April 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis model pembiayaan yang sesuai dengan harapan pelaku UMKM melalui peran Lembaga Keuangan Mikro (LKM). Metode penelitian menggunakan mix methods dengan jenis deskriptif-eksploratif. Populasi 150 UMKM di Kota Bandung Jawa Barat, dengan 52 sampel yang telah mendapat pembiayaan melalui LKM dan telah beroperasi minimal 3 tahun. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif, analisis SWOT, IFAS dan EFAS.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model pembiayaan belum sepenuhnya sesuai harapan pelaku UMKM, diantaranya prosedur pembiayaan dipersepsikan rumit dan bunga masih tinggi, sehingga pelaku UMKM masih banyak yang mengandalkan modal sendiri dalam membiayai usahanya. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, maka model pembiayaan kooperatif dipersepsikan cocok untuk UMKM, dimana LKM menjadi lebih optimal menjalankan perannya sebagai fasilitator pengelolaan keuangan, manajemen, dan pemasaran dengan melibatkan jaringan usaha dan komunitas. LKM lebih menjangkau UMKM sehingga mudah diakses, prosedur lebih sederhana, dan memberikan tawaran bunga lebih murah melalui pemanfaatan program pemerintah dan lembaga keuangan lain yang terkait.
Brief: Providing Quality User Support
Authors: Flew S. R. , Kneath T. H. 
Published: April 2020

Summary
Petroleum engineering software products are often highly complex packages with a wide variety of functions. Users must have confidence in these software tools, must fully understand how their data are being modeled, and must have access to timely advice on how best to apply and use these products. As software packages become more complex, there are greater chances of user error, programming error, or misapplication producing an erroneous result. Software venders must provide users with efficient, reliable tools and adequate training so that they can perform their jobs effectively.

Introduction
Steady increases in desktop computing power have resulted in more widespread use of complex software tools by engineers. Previously, many of these tools were used by only a few specialists who developed and ran the codes. Pressures to reduce costs have resulted in increased duties for many users. Consequently, many users can no longer afford the time required to become specialists in the software package they use and to understand fully how the software interprets their data. These users will inevitably require more support and hand-holding, particularly when using advanced features for the first time.
Software venders must produce high-quality, applicable products and provide sufficient training to educate new users in the best application of these tools. In addition, venders must support the productivity gains that result from use of these complex products by developing more intuitive interfaces.
Using our experience in developing, maintaining, and supporting reservoir simulation software products, we review the possible problem areas in petroleum engineering software product design and recommend ways to avoid them. In particular, we investigate techniques and methods to maximize the quality of released software, to train and educate new users in making the best use of the software, to answer ad hoc questions on the use and functionality of the software, to minimize response time to identify and fix coding errors, and to enhance client liaison.
The Death of Sohio - A Case History
Authors: Skov Arlie M. 
Published: April 2020

Published in Oil & Gas Executive, Volume 1, Number 2, 1998, pages 24-33.
In its 116-year life, Standard Oil Co. went through an adventurous adolescence of incredible growth, painful and improbable middle years, and a spectacular rebirth at age 100. The rebirth followed a life-giving trade with British Petroleum (BP) and boom years fueled by massive oil production in Alaska and unexpectedly high oil prices. This was followed by the death of the company after the oil price collapse in 1986.
The history of Sohio, which began and ended as Standard Oil, demonstrates the impact outside events can have on business; the importance of integration for an oil company; and the vision, guts, deep pockets, and luck needed for successful oil exploration. It also shows that coping with adversity is easier than managing a massive windfall of cash and investing it prudently.

Early Years
In February 1865, an aggressive, growth-oriented John D. Rockefeller and his more conservative partner, Maurice Clark, agreed to resolve conflicting business philosophies by holding a private auction between themselves for a jointly owned oil refinery in Cleveland, Ohio. Rockefeller won, igniting the growth phenomenon that was Standard Oil Co. (D. Yergin, The Prize, The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power, Simon & Schuster, 1991).
The oil refinery in Cleveland was the largest of 30 located in that refining capital of the world, near what was then the center of U.S. oil production, northwest Pennsylvania. The use of kerosene for lighting grew at a rate difficult to conceive today, and Rockefeller grew his business even more rapidly until he dominated refining. He built a second refinery in Cleveland in1866 and, on 10 January 1870, incorporated Standard Oil Co. in Ohio to raise capital for ever-accelerating expansion plans. In 1870, he controlled 10% of all U.S. refining capacity. Just 9 years later, he controlled 90%.
Rockefeller introduced improvements to the refining business, increasing efficiency and reducing the refiner's margin (cost difference between kerosene and crude oil) from nearly U.S. $10/bbl in 1866 to U.S. $3.70/bbl in 1875, a two-thirds decrease. He also saw the advantages of integrating the entire oil business. In 1881, he took the first step: "backward integration" into company-owned crude-oil transportation. He then quickly moved downstream into the chaotic marketing business and, by the mid-1880's, controlled 80% of U.S. kerosene marketing and 90% of kerosene exports. By 1890, with production from the oil regions of northwest Pennsylvania declining, Rockefeller completed integration into crude-oil production by investing in the new Lima-Indiana oil boom. By 1891, he controlled one-fourth of all U.S. crude-oil production.
Succeeding in the Global Oil Industry of Tomorrow
Authors: Kukes Simon 
Published: April 2020

Published in Oil & Gas Executive Report, Volume 2, Number 2, 1999, pages 28-31.
As I see it, there are three key elements to succeeding in the global oil industry of the future. They are positioning for growth in emerging markets, keeping costs as low as possible, and increasing market share through new market penetration.

Positioning in Emerging Markets
Looking at the oil industry from Moscow, we see two very distinct worlds. The developed economies of the countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) are one world. In that world, there are approximately 750 million people who consume about 40 million B/D of oil. For oil companies, these countries usually are referred to as "mature markets." In the other world, there are more than 5 billion people consuming 35 million B/D. For the oil companies, these countries are grouped together as emerging markets even though the size of their populations and their economies vary widely.
From my perspective, describing OECD countries as mature markets really means that the prospect of oil demand growth there is limited. This is the result of several factors that include interfuel competition, particularly with gas; saturated automobile markets; environmental pressures; and older populations.
As oil continues to be squeezed out of power generation and space heating in these markets, primarily by natural gas, any increase in oil demand will be in the transport sector. In Europe, demand for oil in the transport sector is under pressure from high end-user prices, more efficient cars, and the growing number of diesel-powered cars. In the U.S., transport demand for oil has been increasing lately because of low prices; strong economic growth; and a switch to less efficient cars, such as sport utility vehicles. We think that this trend will run its course and that, in the end, the U.S. oil market also will peak sometime in the next 5 to 10 years.
The outlook for the emerging markets is quite different. If oil demand per capita were the same in these markets as in the OECD markets, demand would be somewhere around 300 million B/D. I am not predicting that oil demand will rise to anywhere near that level, but it does challenge the imagination to think of just how great that untapped market must be. Clearly, it is in these emerging markets that real demand growth will come because the drivers for growth are almost the opposite of those in the OECD—that is, less interfuel competition, although it is a factor; lower numbers of automobiles per capita; and younger populations.
Developing Both the Chicken & the Egg
Authors: Sutton Joseph W. 
Published: April 2020

Published in Oil & Gas Executive Report, Volume 2, Number 3, 1999, pages 18–21,43.
The old saying, "What comes first, the chicken or the egg?" is particularly pertinent to the electricity and natural gas business. As developers, we're continually challenged to simultaneously build assets and markets for these assets. When we commit to developing both electricity and natural gas assets, the challenge becomes especially difficult. A company cannot develop a power project until the source of fuel is secured. Nor can an enterprise allocate resources to purchase and deliver fuel without a large, guaranteed customer.
Enron's philosophy has been to develop the chicken and the egg simultaneously. It is not an easy task and it requires the ability to envision how energy markets will develop. You also need skills to successfully communicate your conceptualization to partners, governments and lenders. But the risk is that if a company resists undertaking the challenge, it forgoes a chance to make a meaningful difference in how emerging markets can satisfy their huge demands for energy. Enron's experience in India is an excellent example of how successful a two-pronged development strategy can be. We soon will celebrate the opening of phase I of the 826-megawatt (MW) Dabhol power plant in the state of Maharashtra. At about the same time we will reach financial close for phase II of Dabhol, which is scheduled to bring on line 1,624 megawatts more by the end of 2001. Electricity, however, is just one component of Dabhol. Because phase II includes the infrastructure to import and regasify liquefied natural gas (LNG), it instantly creates a beachhead for a major natural gas market in India.

Enron in India
From the day the Indian government invited Enron to India in 1992, we recognized the existence of a large market for natural gas. The commodity already was in high demand. We knew from our experience that industrial use of natural gas would rise with supply levels, particularly in light of the nation's ambitious program to encourage power development. Natural gas-fired power plants make sense in India. They are quicker and less expensive to build than coal plants and emit far fewer pollutants than other fossil fuel-based generating stations. And, they satisfy India's need for clean energy solutions.
An Analysis of Eight Family Cluster Cases in Wuhan, China: Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Count May Predict COVID-19 Mortality
Authors: Wang Wenzhu , Cui Dandan , Zhang Lijuan , Zhu Xiwen , Fan Heng , Wang Jiarui , Wang Jian , Chen Rui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Importance: Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 has spread across the world in a global pandemic. Tens of thousands of people were infected, several thousand patients died. However, key risk factors for predicting mortality remain unclear.Objective: To identify the key risk factors for COVID-19 mortality.Design, Setting, Participants: Retrospective, randomly selected eight family clusters consisting of 21 individual cases who had been confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 and admitted to the Wuhan Union Hospital, Wuhan, China, from February 6 to March 3 2020. This study aims to analyze the differences in mortal risk factors between fatal and non-fatal cases within each family.
Hydrogen rich water (HRW) induces plant growth and physiological attributes in fragrant rice varieties under salt stress
Authors: Fu Xiaomeng , Ma Lin , Gui Runfei , Li Yuzhan , Yang Xiaojuan , Zhang Jianwen , Imran Muhammad , Tang Xiangru , Tian  , Mo Zhaowen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Hydrogen is an important molecule, exerting antioxidant ability in plants and animals through antioxidant enzymes, which can be dissolved in water. Previous studies have showed that application of hydrogen rich water (HRW), containing a high concentration of hydrogen, plays an important role in enhancing drought tolerance and alleviating the metal stress in plants. However, the effects of HRW on plant growth and physiological attributes in fragrant rice varieties under salt stress are still unclear. A pot experiment was conducted with two fragrant rice varieties i.e. Yuxiangyouzhan and Xiangyaxiangzhan to study the effects of HRW treatments i.e. foliar application of HRW (F-HRW) and irrigation application of HRW (I-HRW) on plant growth and physiological attributes under two NaCl levels (0 mmol L -1 and 150 mmol L -1 ). The results depicte d that, compared with without HRW treatment (CK), the F-HRW and I-HRW treatments significantly increased the dry weight per unit seedling height by 12.64% and 22.99%, while decreased the plant height by 3.92% and 2.97% respectively of two fragrant rice varieties under salt stress. Moreover, compared with CK treatment, the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were enhanced by F-HRW and I-HRW treatments in NaCl-stressed fragrant rice cultivars and opposite results were observed for MDA content. In crux, our findings conclude that application of HRW modulates the plant growth and physiological attributes in salt-stressed fragrant rice cultivars.