bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete Denture Occlusion: Best Evidence Consensus Statement
Authors: Goldstein Gary , Kapadia Yash , Campbell Stephen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeThe occlusal scheme required for an edentulous patient is controversial. The purpose of this Best Evidence Consensus Statement was to evaluate the existing complete denture literature related to occlusal schemes.Materials and MethodsA literature search was limited to Meta‐analyses, Systematic Reviews (SR), Randomized Controlled Studies (RCT) and Clinical Trials. Key Words were: Complete dentures, occlusion, harm; Complete dentures, occlusion alveolar bone loss; Complete dentures, occlusion, stability; Complete dentures, occlusion. Additional related articles were culled from the authors’ library and reference lists in the articles found in the PubMed searches.ResultsOf the 165 articles that met the initial search criteria, 34 related to the focus questions and were evaluated and rated.ConclusionsThere is strong support that the average denture patient, with good residual ridges and no neuromuscular problems, will function adequately with a properly fabricated complete denture regardless of the occlusal scheme. There is neither strong support for or against bilateral balanced occlusal schemes as it relates to patient satisfaction, preference or chewing ability. There is some support for increased alveolar bone loss with complete dentures that have a non‐balanced occlusion. There is a need for bilateral balanced occlusal schemes for patients presenting with loss of stability and retention as a result of their presenting conditions (PDI III and IV).
Tooth Wear: Best Evidence Consensus Statement
Authors: Bartlett David , O'Toole Saoirse 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this Best Evidence Consensus Statement was to evaluate the impact of wear on teeth.Materials and MethodsA search last updated on October 7, 2020 using the terms tooth wear, dental erosion, dental abrasion or dental attrition yielded 11,694 results. Limiting the search to clinical trials, cross‐sectional investigations, randomized controlled trials, reviews, systematic reviews and meta‐analysis yielded 1,769 results. Mechanistic in vitro studies were also added to the list of abstracts supplying additional information of the impact of wear on teeth. All abstracts were reviewed by two authors. Those relating to the focus question formed the evidence base which was used to formulate the response.ResultsFrom the search results, 212 articles were related to the research question and 60 were included in this paper. Although tooth wear prevalence is over 30% of the population in early adulthood and increases as individual's age, the impact on the dentition is poorly investigated in longitudinal clinical studies. Wear on teeth can result in alterations in shape and potentially dentine hypersensitivity depending on the etiology. However, the process is slow and pulpal death is rare. The impact that tooth wear has on the patient depends on patient characteristics to a greater extent than the severity of wear.ConclusionsTooth wear is a common condition and part of the ageing process. Erosive tooth wear is a term which acknowledges that acids are normally linked to progression, but mechanical actions of attrition and abrasion will cause visible damage. The changes to the shape of teeth on the macro and micro levels are used to investigate the progression, prevention, etiology, and management. The biological impact of wear on teeth is relatively innocuous and management is often a patient driven process.
Effects of early intense bombardment on megaregolith evolution and on lunar (and planetary) surface samples
Authors: Hartmann William K. , Morbidelli Alessandro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImpact rates in the first 500 Myr of the solar system are critical to an understanding of lunar geological history, but they have been controversial. The widely accepted, post‐Apollo paradigm of early lunar impact cratering (about 1975–2014) proposed very low or negligible impact cratering in the period from accretion (>4.4 Ga) to ~4.0 Ga ago, followed by an ~170 million year long spike of cataclysmic cratering, during which most prominent multi‐ring impact basins formed at age ~3.9 Ga. More recent dynamical models suggest very early intense impact rates, declining throughout the period from accretion until an age of ~3.0 Ga. These models remove the basin‐forming spike. This shift has important consequences vis‐à‐vis megaregolith evolution and properties of rock samples that can be collected on the lunar surface today. We adopt the Morbidelli et al. (2018) “accretion tail” model of early intense bombardment, declining as a function of time. We find effects differing from the previous models: early crater saturation and supersaturation; disturbance of magma ocean solidification; deep early megaregolith; and erosive destruction of the earliest multi‐ring basins, their impact melts, and their ejecta blankets. Our results explain observations such as differences in numbers of early lunar impact melts versus numbers of early igneous crustal rocks, highland breccias containing impact melts as old as 4.35 Ga, absence of a 170 Myr long spike in impact melt ages at 3.9 Ga among lunar and asteroidal meteorites, and GRAIL observations of lunar crustal structure.
Truth as Conformation in Herbert of Cherbury
Authors: Pickstock Catherine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThomas Aquinas, like many other, but by no means all medieval theologians and philosophers, espoused a theory of truth by identity. Truth exists primarily in the mind, but insofar as it realises the truth of things, truth exists in things also. Both truth and meaning are inherent to form, which shines forth in things to render them as things, or as exemplars of universal essences. In the event and act of knowledge, form as species migrates from things into one's mind by a process involving at once passive stamping, active abstraction, and imaginative mediation. To know in this manner is to manifest, and express further the truth of things which is intrinsic to their very being. It is not merely to think logically or coherently, or to judge correctly as to evidence, though these things are certainly involved. Nor is it to ‘represent’ in a detached fashion a supposedly objective reality that is in itself alien to meaning or truthfulness.
Towards abandoning the master’s tools: The politics of a universal nursing identity
Authors: Bell Blythe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHealthcare environments continue to prove discriminatory and marginalizing towards patients and healthcare workers themselves, which contributes to inequitable health outcomes across lines of socially constructed difference. This content and discourse analysis of nursing identity scholarship asks whether there is a connection between nursing identity and oppressive behaviour by examining the construction of nursing identity and the foundational discourses, sometimes in absentia, that support such a construction. Bourdieu's concepts of social fields and Audre Lorde's concept of the master's house are applied as a framework towards understanding the constructs of power and status in healthcare. The analysis identifies a gap in nursing identity literature where social constructs of difference are not considered. In the reviewed literature, nursing identity has been co‐opted by the professionalization project in effort to stabilize a conceptualization of nursing's contribution to healthcare towards gaining professional and societal status. This leads to a monolithic, apolitical representation of nursing identity that erases difference, denies historical influence, universalizes nursing work and further marginalizes marginalized identities. The oppressive and hegemonic nature of a universal nursing identity may contribute to a lack of disciplinary reflexivity about the ongoing influences of foundational discursive constructs of gender, epistemology, power and professional status.
Symptomatic Postoperative Discal Pseudocyst After Percutaneous Endoscopic Interlaminar Discectomy: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Xu Wen‐bin , Wu Dan‐ju , Chen Chao , Zhao Xing , Hu Zhi‐jun , Fan Shun‐wu , Fang Xiang‐qian 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundA postoperative discal pseudocyst (PDP) is a cystic lesion that is formed in the operation area of the intervertebral disc, leading to recurrence or even worse symptoms. To our knowledge, to date, there is no research focusing specifically on PDP following percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID).Case presentationWe present the case of a 27‐year‐old man with L5S1 intervertebral disc herniation who was treated with PEID after failed conservative treatment. His leg pain was relieved immediately but reoccurred on the 40th day. MRI showed a PDP. Because loxoprofen and bedrest were ineffective and the patient was anxious, we performed a cystectomy. The patient's symptoms were significantly relieved, and a 6‐month follow up showed no recurrence both clinically and on MRI.ConclusionA PDP is more likely to form using the interlaminar approach than the transforaminal approach. For patients with mental stress, severe pain, and neurological symptoms, surgery is suggested to remove the cyst. Discectomy cannot be performed when disc degeneration is mild.
Uncover the salt tolerance potential of accessions based on photosynthetic attributes and interaction plot in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Rehman Fazal , Munir Hassan , Raza Muhammad A. , Saeed Asif 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSoil salinity, being world's gravest and increasing environmental threat, limits the growth and development in nearly all crop plants. The experiment was laid out to investigate the tomato local and exotic germplasm for morpho‐physiological and photosynthetic attributes under salinity stress (0 (control), 8 and 12 dS m−1). The phenotype data for morpho‐physiological traits were collected; meanwhile, photosynthetic pigments were analysed also at seedling stage. Analysis of variance, interaction plot, PCV and GCV revealed significantly greater diversity among all accessions for subjecting attributes. Strikingly, principle component analysis (PCA) biplot and cluster heatmap exposed potentially salt tolerant accessions (NAQEEB, BL1076, PBLA1401, 017859, TINY TIM, BL1174, BL1078, PBLA1932, TOMMY TOE, PAKIT and CLN2413) under the highest level of salinity for β‐carotene, lycopene contents, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, pheophytin (b) and total pheophytin. The overall performance of the above‐mentioned accessions was found significant and exhibits tolerant attitude under high salt levels. We suggest that these tolerant accessions might facilitate as a potential source for further breeding programme to improve the agronomically important traits by exploiting both conventional as well as molecular breeding efforts.
Effects of previous birth interval length on child outcomes can be estimated in a sibling analysis even when there are only two siblings
Authors: Kravdal Øystein 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is much interest in how the length of the previous birth interval affects various child outcomes, and it has become increasingly common to estimate such effects from sibling models. This is because one then controls for unobserved determinants of the outcome that are shared between the siblings and linked to the birth interval length. However, it is a common idea that such effects can only be estimated from data on families with three or more children.ObjectiveThe goal of this paper is to show, through an intuitive argument and a simulation experiment, that it is possible to estimate effects of birth interval only from families with two children.MethodsObservations are simulated from two equations for fertility and one equation for child mortality. The fertility equations include a random term that is assumed to be correlated with the random term in the mortality equation. Mortality models are then estimated from the simulated observations. This is done 1000 times, and the averages of the 1000 sets of estimates are calculated.ResultsThe simulation experiment illustrates that it is indeed possible (by using a model specification that takes into account that no birth interval is defined for the first birth) to estimate birth interval effects in sibling models even when the data include only families with two children.ConclusionIt is good news that families with only two children can contribute to the estimation of birth interval effects. This is because, with a broader basis for the estimation, the precision is improved and there is less reason for concern about the general relevance of the estimates. An important limitation, however, is that it is potentially problematic to control for maternal age in a sibling model estimated only for the first and second child.
Serum markers of pulmonary epithelial damage in systemic sclerosis‐associated interstitial lung disease and disease progression
Authors: Stock Carmel J.W. , Hoyles Rachel K. , Daccord Cecile , Kokosi Maria , Visca Dina , De Lauretis Angelo , Alfieri Veronica , Kouranos Vasilis , Margaritopoulos George , George Peter M. , Molyneaux Philip L. , Chua Felix , Maher Toby M. , Abraham David J. , Ong Voon , Donovan Jackie , Sestini Piersante , Denton Christopher P. , Wells Athol U. , Renzoni Elisabetta A. 
Published: December 2020

The clinical course of systemic sclerosis‐associated interstitial lung disease (SSc‐ILD) is highly variable and easily measurable biomarkers are needed to predict disease progression. Serum epithelial biomarker KL‐6 is predictive of disease progression measured by a decline in DLCO, regardless of ILD severity, and could provide increased prognostic ability to inform risk stratification in SSc‐ILD.See related Editorial
Reproductive Coercion among Intimate Partner Violence Survivors in Nairobi
Authors: Wood Shannon N. , Kennedy S. Rachel , Akumu Irene , Tallam Catherine , Asira Ben , Hameeduddin Zaynab , McGready John , Zimmerman Linnea A. , Kennedy Caitlin E. , Glass Nancy , Decker Michele R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReproductive coercion (RC), or partner interference in reproductive decisions, limits women's autonomy. Little is known about RC behaviors and measurement in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). In this mixed‐methods study, we examined the transferability of the US‐developed RC Scale to the Kenyan context. Through community‐based sampling, recent intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors were recruited from Nairobi's informal settlements. We conducted quantitative analyses (n = 327) to assess the transferability of RC measures via exploratory factor analysis and used descriptive statistics to examine prevalence and continuous metrics. We conducted in‐depth interviews (IDIs; n = 30) to contextualize results. Psychometric analyses indicated a two‐factor solution comprising pregnancy coercion and condom manipulation (alpha = 0.86). Eighty‐two percent of IPV survivors reported experiencing RC (pregnancy coercion = 76.6 percent; condom manipulation = 59.5 percent). IDIs highlighted women's multiple, severe RC experiences; experiences described in IDIs were largely consistent with quantitative findings. We found the RC Scale was transferable to this LMIC context, where IPV survivors face prevalent, severe RC and would benefit from linkage to woman‐centered support services.
The role of 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG PET/CT) in assessment of complex invasive fungal disease and opportunistic co‐infections in patients with acute leukemia prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant
Authors: Longhitano Anthony , Alipour Ramin , Khot Amit , Bajel Ashish , Antippa Phillip , Slavin Monica , Thursky Karin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionIndividuals diagnosed with acute lymphoid and myeloid malignancies are at significant risk of invasive fungal and bacterial infections secondary to their marked immunocompromised states with a significant high risk of mortality. The role of metabolic imaging with 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) has been increasingly recognized in optimizing the diagnosis of invasive infection, monitoring the response to therapy and guiding the duration of antimicrobial therapy or need to escalate to surgical intervention.MethodsTwo distinct cases of pulmonary co‐infection of rare fungal and bacterial pathogens are explored in severely immunocompromised individuals where FDG PET/CT aided both patients to make a full recovery and transition to HCT. The first case explores mixed Scedosporium apiospermum and Rhizomucor pulmonary infection on a background of T cell/myeloid mixed phenotype acute leukemia ultimately warranting long‐term antifungal therapy and lobectomy prior to HCT. The second case explores Fusarium and Nocardia pulmonary infection on a background of relapsed AML also warranting surgical resection with lobectomy and long‐term antimicrobials prior to transition to HCT.DiscussionThe cases highlight the utility of FDG PET/CT to support the diagnosis of infections, including the presence or absence of disseminated infection, and to provide highly sensitive monitoring of the infection over time. FDG PET/CT played a key role in directing therapy duration decisions and prompted the necessity for surgical intervention. Ultimately, the use of FDG PET/CT allowed for a successful transition to HCT highlighting its value in this clinical setting.ConclusionFDG PET/CT has an emerging role in the diagnostic and monitoring pathway for complex infections in high‐risk immunocompromised patients.
Association between cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentration and central nervous system disease in dogs
Authors: Fitz Franziska R. , Reese Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is a sensitive tool for evaluating patients with neurologic diseases but is rarely specific. Biomarkers can be measured from any bodily fluid and can be useful indicators for the presence, severity, and prognosis of diseases.ObjectivesThis study was designed to evaluate if CSF lactate can be used as a biomarker in dogs with central nervous system disease.MethodsPeripheral venous blood and CSF were collected from 49 dogs with various intracranial diseases to evaluate correlations between blood and CSF lactate levels. Total nucleated cell count (TNCC) and CSF protein concentrations were also evaluated. All samples obtained were divided into normal (NG) and abnormal (AG) dogs based on a TNCC of ≤5 and >5 cells/μL and a protein concentration of ≤25 and >25 mg/dL, respectively. The AG dogs were further subdivided into those having <100 TNCCs/µL (AGL) and those having >100 TNCCs/µL (AGH). They were also subdivided into groups based on seizure activity (AGS), and inflammatory (AGI), or neoplastic diseases (AGN), and the respective lactate concentrations were then compared.ResultsLactate concentrations were significantly increased in CSF and venous blood samples in the AG compared with the NG dogs, but no differences were found among the individual disease processes. In all dogs, CSF lactate concentrations were higher than venous blood lactate levels; however, no direct correlation between CSF and blood lactate concentrations was identified.ConclusionsCerebrospinal fluid lactate can be used as a biomarker in clinical settings as it can be measured via a commercially available lactometer immediately after collection without the need for special instrumentation or laboratory personnel.
Clinical consequences of the extremely rare anti‐PP1Pk isoantibodies in pregnancy: a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Di Ciaccio Pietro , Cutts Briony , Alahakoon Thushari Indika , Dennington Peta M. , Soo Luke A. , Curnow Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe absence of the red cell antigens P, P1 and Pk, known as ‘p’, represents an extremely rare red cell phenotype. Individuals with this phenotype spontaneously form anti‐PP1Pk isoantibodies, associated with severe haemolytic transfusion reactions, recurrent spontaneous abortion and haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN).MethodsWe report a series of four successful pregnancies in three women with anti‐PP1Pk isoantibodies, one complicated by HDFN, another by intrauterine growth restriction, all managed supportively. We also review the literature regarding the management of pregnancy involving anti‐PP1Pk isoimmunization.ResultsThe literature surrounding anti‐PP1Pk in pregnancy is limited to a very small number of case reports. The majority report management with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) with or without intravenous immunoglobulin. The relationship between titre and risk of pregnancy loss remains unclear, though a history of recurrent pregnancy loss appears important. Although a positive cord blood direct antiglobulin test is frequently noted, clinically significant HDFN appears uncommon, though possible.ConclusionEarly initiation of TPE in high risk patients should be strongly considered. If possible, pregnancies should be managed in a high‐risk obstetric or maternal fetal medicine service. The fetus should be monitored closely with interval fetal ultrasound and middle cerebral artery peak systolic volume Doppler to screen for fetal anaemia. Timely sourcing of compatible blood products is likely to be highly challenging, and both directed and autologous donation should be contemplated where appropriate. The International Red Cell Donor Panel may also provide access to compatible products.
Two-Way Coupled Shooting Analysis of Fluid Force in the Annular Plain Seal and Vibration of the Rotor System
Authors: Kunori Yudai , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Miyake Kenjiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In turbomachinery, the rotor dynamic (RD) fluid force generated in a fluid element, by the interaction between the shaft behavior and the fluid flow, is one of the causes of the shaft behavior and has a great influence on the stability of the turbomachinery. In order to improve the reliability of turbomachinery, it is important to analyze the dynamical behavior considering the mutual influence of the RD fluid force and shaft motion. In this paper, the two-way coupled analysis between the fluid force in the annular plain seal and the vibration of the rotor system was expanded by introducing the shooting method in it. The frequency response was obtained, and the onset speed of instability (OSI) was predicted effectively. The influence of parameters on the OSI was investigated and discussed. Then, the numerical results obtained by this two-way coupled shooting analysis was compared with the experimental results and the validity of the analysis was confirmed. The influence of disturbance on the error of predicted OSI was also discussed. The transition region to instability was introduced for the predicted OSI using the spectral radius, and the error between the numerical and experimental results of the OSI was explained. As a result, the two-way coupled shooting analysis can predict the OSI values in various situations of two-way coupled system more effectively than the direct numerical simulation. Also, the robustness of stability for the predicted OSI can be evaluated simultaneously by investigating the spectral radius and defining the transition region to instability appropriately.