bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrically-controlled digital metasurface device for light projection displays
Authors: Li Jianxiong , Yu Ping , Zhang Shuang , Liu Na 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLight projection displays play an increasingly important role in our modern life. Core projection systems including liquid crystal displays and digital micromirror devices can impose spatial light modulation and actively shape light waves. Recently, the advent of metasurfaces has revolutionized design concepts in nanophotonics, enabling a new family of optical elements with exceptional degrees of freedom. Here, we demonstrate a light projection display technology based on optical metasurfaces, called digital metasurface device (DMSD). Each metasurface pixel in a DMSD is electrically reconfigurable with well-controlled programmability and addressability. The DMSD can not only continuously modulate the intensity of light with high contrast, but also shape the wavefront of light generated by each metasurface pixel and dynamically switch between arbitrary holographic patterns. Our approach will pave an avenue towards the development of customized light projection devices. It will also drive the field of dynamic optical metasurfaces with fresh momentum and inspiring concepts.
Exhausted T cell signature predicts immunotherapy response in ER-positive breast cancer
Authors: Terranova-Barberio Manuela , Pawlowska Nela , Dhawan Mallika , Moasser Mark , Chien Amy J. , Melisko Michelle E. , Rugo Hope , Rahimi Roshun , Deal Travis , Daud Adil , Rosenblum Michael D. , Thomas Scott , Munster Pamela N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResponses to immunotherapy are uncommon in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer and to date, lack predictive markers. This randomized phase II study defines safety and response rate of epigenetic priming in ER-positive breast cancer patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors as primary endpoints. Secondary and exploratory endpoints included PD-L1 modulation and T-cell immune-signatures. 34 patients received vorinostat, tamoxifen and pembrolizumab with no excessive toxicity after progression on a median of five prior metastatic regimens. Objective response was 4% and clinical benefit rate (CR + PR + SD > 6 m) was 19%. T-cell exhaustion (CD8+ PD-1+/CTLA-4+) and treatment-induced depletion of regulatory T-cells (CD4+ Foxp3+/CTLA-4+) was seen in tumor or blood in 5/5 patients with clinical benefit, but only in one non-responder. Tumor lymphocyte infiltration was 0.17%. Only two non-responders had PD-L1 expression >1%. This data defines a novel immune signature in PD-L1-negative ER-positive breast cancer patients who are more likely to benefit from immune-checkpoint and histone deacetylase inhibition (NCT02395627).
Prediction-based highly sensitive CRISPR off-target validation using target-specific DNA enrichment
Authors: Kang Seung-Hun , Lee Wi-jae , An Ju-Hyun , Lee Jong-Hee , Kim Young-Hyun , Kim Hanseop , Oh Yeounsun , Park Young-Ho , Jin Yeung Bae , Jun Bong-Hyun , Hur Junho K. , Kim Sun-Uk , Lee Seung Hwan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCRISPR effectors, which comprise a CRISPR-Cas protein and a guide (g)RNA derived from the bacterial immune system, are widely used for target-specific genome editing. When the gRNA recognizes genomic loci with sequences that are similar to the target, deleterious mutations can occur. Off-target mutations with a frequency below 0.5% remain mostly undetected by current genome-wide off-target detection techniques. Here we report a method to effectively detect extremely small amounts of mutated DNA based on predicted off-target-specific amplification. In this study, we used various genome editors to induce intracellular genome mutations, and the CRISPR amplification method detected off-target mutations at a significantly higher rate (1.6~984 fold increase) than an existing targeted amplicon sequencing method. In the near future, CRISPR amplification in combination with genome-wide off-target detection methods will allow detection of genome editor-induced off-target mutations with high sensitivity and in a non-biased manner.
Accelerated single cell seeding in relapsed multiple myeloma
Authors: Landau Heather J. , Yellapantula Venkata , Diamond Benjamin T. , Rustad Even H. , Maclachlan Kylee H. , Gundem Gunes , Medina-Martinez Juan , Ossa Juan Arango , Levine Max F. , Zhou Yangyu , Kappagantula Rajya , Baez Priscilla , Attiyeh Marc , Makohon-Moore Alvin , Zhang Lance , Boyle Eileen M. , Ashby Cody , Blaney Patrick , Patel Minal , Zhang Yanming , Dogan Ahmet , Chung David J. , Giralt Sergio , Lahoud Oscar B. , Peled Jonathan U. , Scordo Michael , Shah Gunjan , Hassoun Hani , Korde Neha S. , Lesokhin Alexander M. , Lu Sydney , Mailankody Sham , Shah Urvi , Smith Eric , Hultcrantz Malin L. , Ulaner Gary A. , van Rhee Frits , Morgan Gareth J. , Landgren Ola , Papaemmanuil Elli , Iacobuzio-Donahue Christine , Maura Francesco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) progression is characterized by the seeding of cancer cells in different anatomic sites. To characterize this evolutionary process, we interrogated, by whole genome sequencing, 25 samples collected at autopsy from 4 patients with relapsed MM and an additional set of 125 whole exomes collected from 51 patients. Mutational signatures analysis showed how cytotoxic agents introduce hundreds of unique mutations in each surviving cancer cell, detectable by bulk sequencing only in cases of clonal expansion of a single cancer cell bearing the mutational signature. Thus, a unique, single-cell genomic barcode can link chemotherapy exposure to a discrete time window in a patient′s life. We leveraged this concept to show that MM systemic seeding is accelerated at relapse and appears to be driven by the survival and subsequent expansion of a single myeloma cell following treatment with high-dose melphalan therapy and autologous stem cell transplant.
Practical quantum computation of chemical and nuclear energy levels using quantum imaginary time evolution and Lanczos algorithms
Authors: Yeter-Aydeniz Kübra , Pooser Raphael C. , Siopsis George 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVarious methods have been developed for the quantum computation of the ground and excited states of physical and chemical systems, but many of them require either large numbers of ancilla qubits or high-dimensional optimization in the presence of noise. The quantum imaginary-time evolution (QITE) and quantum Lanczos (QLanczos) methods proposed in Motta et al. (2020) eschew the aforementioned issues. In this study, we demonstrate the practical application of these algorithms to challenging quantum computations of relevance for chemistry and nuclear physics, using the deuteron-binding energy and molecular hydrogen binding and excited state energies as examples. With the correct choice of initial and final states, we show that the number of timesteps in QITE and QLanczos can be reduced significantly, which commensurately simplifies the required quantum circuit and improves compatibility with NISQ devices. We have performed these calculations on cloud-accessible IBM Q quantum computers. With the application of readout-error mitigation and Richardson error extrapolation, we have obtained ground and excited state energies that agree well with exact results obtained from diagonalization.
De novo transcriptome assembly of cold stressed clones of the hexaploid Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.
Authors: Breidenbach Natalie , Sharov Vadim V. , Gailing Oliver , Krutovsky Konstantin V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoast redwood is a very important endemic conifer timber species in Southern Oregon and Northern California in the USA. Due to its good wood properties and fast growth rate it can be considered as a prospective timber species also in other countries with similar or changing toward similar climatic conditions due to global climate warming, such as Germany. In general, it is frost sensitive and suffers from freezing temperatures. To study genetic mechanisms of frost resistance in this species and to select the most frost tolerant trees we tested 17 clones in climate control chamber experiments and generated twode novoassemblies of the coast redwood transcriptome from a pooled RNA sample using Trinity and CLC Genomic Workbench software, respectively. The hexaploid nature of the coast redwood genome makes it very challenging to successfully assemble and annotate the coast redwood transcriptome. Thede novotranscriptome assembly generated by Trinity and CLC considering only reads with a minimum length of 180 bp and contigs no less than 200 bp long resulted in 634,772 and 788,464 unigenes (unique contigs), respectively.
Ge–Sb–S–Se–Te amorphous chalcogenide thin films towards on-chip nonlinear photonic devices
Authors: Dory J.-B. , Castro-Chavarria C. , Verdy A. , Jager J.-B. , Bernard M. , Sabbione C. , Tessaire M. , Fédéli J.-M. , Coillet A. , Cluzel B. , Noé P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThanks to their unique optical properties Ge–Sb–S–Se–Te amorphous chalcogenide materials and compounds offer tremendous opportunities of applications, in particular in near and mid-infrared range. This spectral range is for instance of high interest for photonics or optical sensors. Using co-sputtering technique of chalcogenide compound targets in a 200 mm industrial deposition tool, we show how by modifying the amorphous structure of GeSbwSxSeyTez chalcogenide thin films one can significantly tailor their linear and nonlinear optical properties. Modelling of spectroscopic ellipsometry data collected on the as-deposited chalcogenide thin films is used to evaluate their linear and nonlinear properties. Moreover, Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopies permitted to get a description of their amorphous structure. For the purpose of applications, their thermal stability upon annealing is also evaluated. We demonstrate that depending on the GeSbwSxSeyTez film composition a trade-off between a high transparency in near- or mid-infrared ranges, strong nonlinearity and good thermal stability can be found in order to use such materials for applications compatible with the standard CMOS integration processes of microelectronics and photonics.
Association of lung function with overall mortality is independent of inflammatory, cardiac, and functional biomarkers in older adults: the ActiFE-study
Authors: Weinmayr Gudrun , Schulz Holger , Klenk Jochen , Denkinger Michael , Duran-Tauleria Enric , Koenig Wolfgang , Dallmeier Dhayana , Rothenbacher Dietrich ,   The ActiFE Study Group, Böhm B. , Geiger H. , Laszlo R. , Steinacker J. M. , Ludolph A. , von Arnim C. , Lukas A. , Peter R. , Rapp K. , Riepe M. , Scharffetter-Kochanek K. , Stingl J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReduced lung function is associated with overall and cardiovascular mortality. Chronic low grade systemic inflammation is linked to impaired lung function and cardiovascular outcomes. We assessed the association of lung function with overall 8-year mortality in 867 individuals of the Activity and Function in the Elderly study using confounder-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models (including gait speed and daily walking time as measures of physical function) without and with adjustment for inflammatory and cardiac markers. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) but not FVC was related to mortality after adjustment for physical function and other confounders. Additional adjustment for inflammatory and cardiac markers did not change the hazard ratios (HR) markedly, e.g. for a FEV1/FVC below 0.7 from 1.55 [95% confidence-interval (CI) 1.14–2.11] to 1.49 (95% CI 1.09–2.03). These independent associations were also observed in the apparently lung healthy subpopulation with even higher HRs up to 2.76 (95% CI 1.52–4.93). A measure of airflow limitation but not vital capacity was associated with overall mortality in this community-dwelling older population and in the subgroup classified as lung healthy. These associations were independent of adjustment for inflammatory and cardiac markers and support the role of airflow limitation as independent predictor of mortality in older adults.
Experimental determination and ray-tracing simulation of bending losses in melt-spun polymer optical fibres
Authors: Lustermann Birgit , Quandt B. Maike , Ulrich Sebastian , Spano Fabrizio , Rossi René M. , Boesel Luciano F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe damping properties and specifically the bend losses of polymer optical fibres (POFs) have so far only been documented by experimental work, investigating bending parameters such as bending radius, length, and distance of the bends. Even though damping mechanisms and causes are well-known, no simple, generally valid formula exists. Here, a simulation technique is shown that allows producing an optical model for any bending geometries of melt-spun polymer optical fibres. The developed model takes all relevant loss mechanisms into account, especially regarding the scattering losses at the interface of core and cladding as well as those of the cladding-air interface. The latter is caused by interfacial roughness for which experimental data have been obtained by atomic force microscopy measurements. To show the validity of the simulation, the model is compared to experimental results for several fibres and a variety of geometries. The variance between model and experimental data is low (S < 4.6%). The model not only contributes to improving the understanding of the optical properties of POFs, but it also has direct applicability to the design of photonic textile sensors for medicine, where the fibres are incorporated with small bending radii.
Preying on seals pushes killer whales from Norway above pollution effects thresholds
Authors: Andvik Clare , Jourdain Eve , Ruus Anders , Lyche Jan L. , Karoliussen Richard , Borgå Katrine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKiller whales (Orcinus orca) are at risk from high levels of biomagnifying pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and mercury (Hg). Previous toxicological risk assessments for the Norwegian killer whale population have assumed fish as the primary prey source, and assessed the population as below established effect thresholds. However, some individuals have recently been identified to also feed on seals. This study is the first to quantify levels of pollutants in seal-eating killer whales from northern Norway, and to measure Hg levels in the skin of killer whales worldwide. We found higher levels of all pollutants in seal-eating than fish-eating killer whales, including the emerging brominated flame retardants pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), pentabromotoluene (PBT) and hexabromobenzene (HBB). Sum polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCBs) in the blubber of seal-eaters (n = 7, geometric mean = 46 µg/g l.w.) were four times higher than fish-eaters (n = 24, geometric mean = 11 µg/g l.w.), which pushed all seal-eating individuals above multiple thresholds for health effects. Total Hg levels in skin of seal-eaters (n = 10, arithmetic mean = 3.7 µg/g d.w.) were twice as high as in fish-eaters (n = 28, arithmetic mean = 1.8 µg/g d.w.). Our results indicate that by feeding on higher trophic prey, the Norwegian killer whale population is at higher risk of health effects from pollution than previously assumed.
Adaptation of gene loci to heterochromatin in the course of Drosophila evolution is associated with insulator proteins
Authors: Funikov Sergei Yu. , Rezvykh Alexander P. , Kulikova Dina A. , Zelentsova Elena S. , Protsenko Lyudmila A. , Chuvakova Lyubov N. , Tyukmaeva Venera I. , Arkhipova Irina R. , Evgen’ev Michael B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPericentromeric heterochromatin is generally composed of repetitive DNA forming a transcriptionally repressive environment. Dozens of genes were embedded into pericentromeric heterochromatin during evolution of Drosophilidae lineage while retaining activity. However, factors that contribute to insusceptibility of gene loci to transcriptional silencing remain unknown. Here, we find that the promoter region of genes that can be embedded in both euchromatin and heterochromatin exhibits a conserved structure throughout the Drosophila phylogeny and carries motifs for binding of certain chromatin remodeling factors, including insulator proteins. Using ChIP-seq data, we demonstrate that evolutionary gene relocation between euchromatin and pericentric heterochromatin occurred with preservation of sites of insulation of BEAF-32 in evolutionarily distant species, i.e. D. melanogaster and D. virilis. Moreover, promoters of virtually all protein-coding genes located in heterochromatin in D. melanogaster are enriched with insulator proteins BEAF-32, GAF and dCTCF. Applying RNA-seq of a BEAF-32 mutant, we show that the impairment of BEAF-32 function has a complex effect on gene expression in D. melanogaster, affecting even those genes that lack BEAF-32 association in their promoters. We propose that conserved intrinsic properties of genes, such as sites of insulation near the promoter regions, may contribute to adaptation of genes to the heterochromatic environment and, hence, facilitate the evolutionary relocation of genes loci between euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Facile fabrication of solution-processed solid-electrolytes for high-energy-density all-solid-state-batteries by enhanced interfacial contact
Authors: Kim Min-Ju , Park Jun-Woo , Kim Byung Gon , Lee You-Jin , Ha Yoon-Cheol , Lee Sang-Min , Baeg Kang-Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInstead of commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using organic liquid electrolytes, all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSBs) employing solid electrolytes (SEs) are promising for applications in high-energy–density power applications and electric vehicles due to their potential for improving safety and achieving high capacity. Although remarkable progress in SEs has been achieved and has resulted in high ionic conductivity, which now reaches values comparable to those of liquid electrolytes, the typical use of a slurry process for the fabrication of conventional ASSBs inevitably causes harmful reactions between sulfide materials and polar solvents. Here, we studied the efficient infiltration process of SE slurry into conventional composite LIB electrodes (NCM622) for achieving high-energy-density ASSBs via a scalable solution-based fabrication process. Two methods are proposed to ensure that SE materials are evenly distributed and sufficiently infiltrated into the porous structures of LIB electrodes. The LPSCl SE solutions were effectively infiltrated into the electrodes at higher processing temperatures and the temperature was subsequently optimized at above the boiling point of the ethanol solvent due to the dynamic motion of SE molecules via a convective flow during solvent vaporization. Moreover, the porous LIB composite electrodes with a mixture of active materials of different particle sizes formed and filled capillary pores resulting in a high electrode density. The LPSCl SE-infiltrated NCM622 electrodes that used this strategy could remarkably improve the initial discharge capacity of ASSBs to as high as 177 mAh/g. These ASSBs also showed excellent performance even at high loading values (about 17 mg/cm2), making them competitive with LIBs using conventional liquid electrolytes.
Changes in Motor Skills, Sensory Profiles, and Cognition Drive Food Selection in Older Adults With Preclinical Dysphagia
Authors: Etter Nicole Michele , Madhavan Aarthi 
Published: July 2020

PurposeSelf-selection and self-avoidance of certain foods is one possible indicator of preclinical (prior to any clinical intervention) dysphagia in healthy older adults. Self-selection of food choices is influenced by changes in a combination of factors, including neuromuscular, sensory, and individual patient characteristics. Changes to these factors occur both centrally or peripherally and can be part of typical, healthy aging. Alterations in motor, sensory, or cognitive skills may lead to self-imposed modifications to food choices and, therefore, highlight potential risk for dysphagia.ConclusionsFor effective screening and assessments procedures in healthy aging adults, the diagnosis of preclinical dysphagia will likely require a multifaceted assessment. A combination of assessment methods using objective and subjective measurements of neuromuscular, sensory, and individual patient factors, as well as knowledge of food avoidance, may provide insight for identifying community-dwelling older adults at risk for dysphagia and allow for earlier monitoring and intervention.
A survey for occultation astrometry of main belt: expected astrometric performances
Authors: Ferreira J. F. , Tanga P. , Machado P. , Corsaro E. 
Published: July 2020

Context.Occultations of stars by asteroids are an efficient method to study the properties of minor bodies, and can be exploited as tools to derive very precise asteroid astrometry relative to the target star. With the availability of stellar astrometry thanks to the ESA missionGaia, the frequency of good predictions and the quality of the astrometry have been strongly enhanced.Aims.Our goal is to evaluate the astrometric performance of a systematic exploitation of stellar occultations, with a homogeneous data set and a given instrument setup. As a reference instrument, we adopt the example of a robotic 50 cm telescope, which is under construction at the Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur. We focus in particular on single-chord occultations.Methods.We created a data set of simulated light curves, that are modelled by a Bayesian approach. To build the final statistics, we considered a list of predicted events over a long time span, and stellar astrometry fromGaiadata release 2.Results.We derive an acceptable range of observability of the events, with clear indications of the expected errors in terms of timing uncertainties. By converting the distribution of such errors to astrometric uncertainties, we show that the precision on a single chord can reach levels equivalent to the performance ofGaia(sub-milli-arcseconds). The errors on the asteroid position are dominated by the uncertainty on the position of the occultation chord with respect to the barycentre of the object.Conclusions.The limiting factor in the use of occultation astrometry is not the light curve uncertainty, but our knowledge of the asteroid's shape and size. This conclusion is valid in a wide range of flux drops and magnitudes of the occulted star. The currently increasing knowledge of the shape, spin properties, and size, must be used to mitigate this source of error.
Impacto femoroacetabular e lesão do lábio acetabular – Parte 2: Diagnóstico clínico, exame físico e imagiologia
Authors: Polesello Giancarlo Cavalli , Eisjman Leandro , Queiroz Marcelo C. , Rudelli Bruno Alves , Rudelli Marco , Ricioli Junior Walter 
Published: July 2020

ResumoO diagnóstico clínico do impacto femoroacetabular continua a evoluir conforme o entendimento dos quadris normal e patológico progride. Impacto femoroacetabular é atualmente definido como uma síndrome na qual o diagnóstico se baseia no somatório de uma história clínica abrangente obtida previamente, seguida de um exame físico coerente e padronizado com manobras ortopédicas específicas. Além disso, exames radiográficos e tomográficos são usados para a avaliação morfológica do quadril, e para verificar a existência de sequelas de doenças do quadril da infância e a presença de osteoartrose. O entendimento da morfologia e versão femoral e acetabular associado às imagens de lesões labrais e osteocondrais obtidas com a ressonância magnética contribuem para a confirmação da síndrome nos pacientes sintomáticos, além de auxiliar na exclusão de diagnósticos diferenciais, como ressalto do tendão do músculo iliopsoas, impacto subespinhal, impacto isquiofemoral, e outras patologias da articulação do quadril.