bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior Resection via Atlantoaxial Lamina Space Without Internal Fixation for C1-C2 Intraspinal Tumors: A&nbsp;Novel Approach
Authors: Ouyang Beiping , Zou Xiaobao , Ni Ling , Ge Su , Chen Yuyue , Zhang Shuang , Xia Hong , Ma Xiangyang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Intraspinal upper cervical C1-C2 tumors pose a challenge in resection. Internal fixation has routinely been used to prevent the occurrence of instability after atlantoaxial laminectomy for resection of C1-C2 intraspinal tumors, that sacrifices the motion of upper cervical spine. We therefore present this report to evaluate the efficacy and safety of one-stage posterior resection of these tumors through the atlantoaxial lamina space without internal fixation.Methods: Ten suitably selected patient with C1-C2 intraspinal tumors were included in this study (period January 2016 to January 2018). All the patients underwent one-stage posterior resection through atlantoaxial lamina space without internal fixation. The efficacy of the procedure was documented by comparing postoperative and preoperative outcome scores [The visual analogue scores (VAS), Japanese Orthopedic Association scores (JOA), neck disability index (NDI)], cervical physiological curvature and range of flexion-extension. Safety was assessed by documenting the complications associated with surgery and subsequent sequale. Results: 6 Male and 4 female patients with mean age 36 years (range 17 years to 50 years) underwent total tumor resection through posterior only approach using the atlantoaxial lamina space for the following tumors: 4 neurofibromas, 3 schwannomas and 3 meningiomas. The mean follow-up was 31.2 months (range 24–36 months). These patients’ pathological types included. Postoperative VAS and NDI were lower than those of pre-operation with statistical significance (p < 0.05) while postoperative JOA was higher than that of pre-operation (p < 0.05). The physiological curvature and activity of cervical spine were maintained at latest follow up. Three patients suffered cerebrospinal fluid leakages that was managed consertaviley with no added intervention required. No patient had local recurrence at latest follow-up.Conclusion: One-stage posterior resection through atlantoaxial lamina space without fixation is an effective and safe treatment for the upper cervical intraspinal tumor. In our experience this technique can remove tumor completely and does not cause instability to C1-C2 joint.
Remarkable immunogenicity and protective efficacy of BBV152, an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in rhesus macaques
Authors: Yadav Pragya , Ella Raches , Kumar Sanjay , Patil Dilip , Mohandas Sreelekshmy , Shete Anita , Bhati Gaurav , Sapkal Gajanan , Kaushal Himanshu , Patil Savita , Jain Rajlaxmi , Deshpande Gururaj Rao , Gupta Nivedita , Agarwal Kshitij , Gokhale Mangesh , Mathapati Basavaraj , Metkari Siddhanath , Mote Chandrashekhar , Nyayanit Dimpal , Patil Deepak , S Sai Prasad B , Suryawanshi Annasaheb , Kadam Manoj , Kumar Abhimanyu , Daigude Sachin , Gopale Sanjay , Majumdar Triparna , Mali Deepak , Sarkale Prasad , Baradkar Shreekant , Gawande Pranita , Joshi Yash , Fulari Sidharam , Dighe Hitesh , Sharma Sharda , Gunjikar Rashmi , Kumar Abhinendra , Kalele Kaumudi , Srini V K , Mohan Krishna , Gangakhedkar Raman , Ella Krishna , Abraham Priya , Panda Samiran , Bhargava Balram 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis that has severely affected mankind and posed a great challenge to the public health system of affected countries. The availability of a safe and effective vaccine is the need of the hour to overcome this crisis. Here, we have developed and assessed the protective efficacy and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV152) in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulata). Twenty macaques were divided into four groups of five animals each. One group was administered a placebo while three groups were immunized with three different vaccine candidates at 0 and 14 days. All the macaques were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 fourteen days after the second dose. The protective response was observed with increasing SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and neutralizing antibody titers from 3rd-week post-immunization. Viral clearance was observed from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, nasal swab, throat swab, and lung tissues at 7 days post-infection in the vaccinated groups. No evidence of pneumonia was observed by histopathological examination in vaccinated groups, unlike the placebo group which showed features of interstitial pneumonia and localization of viral antigen in the alveolar epithelium and macrophages by immunohistochemistry. Data from this study substantiate the immunogenicity of the vaccine candidates and BBV152 is being evaluated in Phase I clinical trials in India (NCT04471519).
Transcriptome Profile of Key CircRNAs and MiRNAs in Oviduct that Affect Sheep Reproduction
Authors: Li Zhifeng , He Xiaoyun , Zhang Xiaosheng , Zhang Jinlong , Guo Xiaofei , Sun Wei , Chu Mingxing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: CircRNA and miRNA, as classes of non-coding RNA, have been found to play pivotal roles in sheep reproduction. There are many reports of circRNA and miRNA in ovary and uterus, but few in oviduct. In this study, RNA-Seq was performed to analyze the expression profile of circRNA and miRNA in oviduct between follicular phase and luteal phase in FecBBB (MM) and FecB++ (WW) sheep.Results: The result showed that 15 circRNAs were found differentially expressed between the follicular phase and luteal phase of FecBBB genotype (MF VS. ML), no circRNAs were found differentially expressed between the follicular phase and luteal phase of FecB++ genotype (WF VS. WL). 9 and 1 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in MF VS. ML, and WF VS. WL, respectively. GO and KEGG analysis showed that the host genes of circRNAs in MF VS. ML were mainly involved in the Rap1 signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. GO and KEGG analysis of miRNAs showed that the predicted target genes were mainly involved in the Insulin secretion and Rap1 signaling pathway in MF VS. ML. In WF VS. WL, the result showed that the predicted target genes were mainly involved in the TGF-β signaling pathway, Insulin secretion and Rap1 signaling pathway. In 3 comparison groups, GO and KEGG analysis indicated that a number of host genes and target genes (XPR1, LPAR3, SLC7A11, RAB3A, PLCB3, CREB3L4, LPAR1, LPAR2, FGF18, TACR3, BMP6, SMAD4, SKP1) were found to influence sheep reproduction. Conclusion: The results of the study will help to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs and miRNAs in sheep reproduction. And, this study will enrich the sheep circRNA and miRNA databases, which provide a basis for further research on sheep reproduction.
Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Culture-Negative Periprosthetic Joint Infections
Authors: Watanabe Shintaro , Kobayashi Naomi , Tomoyama Akito , Choe Hyonmin , Yamazaki Etsuko , Inaba Yutaka 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Culture-negative periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) can complicate diagnosis and management of PJI. This study aimed to identify risk factors for culture-negative PJI and differences in clinical characteristics between culture-positive and culture-negative PJI group. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluated PJI cases obtained between January 2013 and October 2019 at our institution. These PJI cases were divided into culture-positive and culture-negative groups and then compared. The demographics, laboratory findings, and details of patient’s clinical characteristics were investigated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to investigate risk factors for culture-negative PJI.Results: A total of 109 PJI cases were included in the analysis: 82 (75%) culture-positive and 27 (25%) culture-negative. The mean serum white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the culture-negative group were significantly lower than those in the culture-positive group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding history of prior antibacterial administration or treatment success rates. Multivariate analysis identified a low serum WBC count as a risk factor for culture-negative PJI (odds ratio = 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.63–0.97; p = 0.027).Conclusions: A low serum WBC count is a risk factor for culture-negative PJI, but prior antimicrobial therapy is not. The results suggest that PJI cases with lower levels of systemic inflammation are likely to be culture-negative; therefore, the possibility of a culture-negative result should be considered in suspected cases of PJI with low inflammatory markers, regardless of prior antibiotic exposure.
Gut-Microbial and -Metabolomic Signatures in the Prevention of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Lactobacillus Lactis and Pediococcus Pentosaceus
Authors: Youn Gi Soo , Yu Jeong Seok , Choi Jieun , Kang Yujin , Kim Byung Yong , Park Tae-Sik , Kim Byoung Kook , Yoon Sang Jun , Lee Na Young , Choi Ye Rin , Kim Hyeong Seob , Gupta Haripriya , Sung Hotaik , Han Sang Hak , Shin Min Jea , Kim Dong Joon , Suk Ki Tae , Lee Do Yup 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite a recent preventive evidence of Lactobacillus and Pediococcus on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression, the underlying mechanistic is less understood. We explored the causality of L. lactis and P. pentosaceus on the gut-metabolomic modulation in the prevention of NAFLD progression in mouse model and subsequently discovered metabolic biomarkers based on NAFLD patients.Results: Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups (control, Western diet [WD], and 2 WD with strains [L. lactis and P. pentosaceus]). Given completely reproduced data (liver/body ratio, pathology, and metagenomic profiles), comorbid etiologies including inflammation and diabetes were significantly amended by 2 strains. The comprehensive metabolomic profiles of the mouse cecum revealed unique compositional characteristic according to the groups. L. lactis and P. pentosaceus supplementation restored the dysregulation in short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites. Indole derivatives (indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-propionic acid, and indole-3-acrylic acid) showed anti-inflammatory activities by suppressing pro-inflammation cytokines. Human data (healthy control [n=30] and NAFLD patients [n=74]) were analyzed for clinical association and biomarker. The Fermicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of NAFLD (4.3) was significantly higher compared with control (0.6)(p<0.05), accompanied by the dysregulation in the key metabolic signatures identified in mouse model. Metabolic panel with 5 stool metabolites (indole, bile acids, and SCFAs) revealed 0.868 (area under the curve; 95% CI 0.773-0.933) in the diagnosis of NAFLD.Conclusion: L. lactis and P. pentosaceus ameliorate NAFLD by modulating gut metabolic environment, particularly the indole pathway, of the gut-liver axis. NAFLD progression was associated with metabolic deterioration in the SCFAs, bile acid, and indole pathways. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04339725
Changes in Reproductive Ratio of SARS-CoV-2 Due to
Implementation and Rollback of Non-pharmaceutical
Interventions in 1,904 United States Counties
Authors: Wu Jie Ying , Killeen Benjamin , Nikutta Philipp , Chakraborty Shreya , Zapaishchykova Anna , Thies Mareike , Unberath Mathias 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In response to the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, the U.S. has largely delegated implementation and rollback of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to local governments on the state and county level.
This asynchronous response combined with the heterogeneity of the U.S. complicates quantification of the effect of NPIs on the reproductive ratio of SARS-CoV-2 on a national level.

We describe a data-driven approach to quantify the effect of NPIs that relies on county-level similarities to specialize a Bayesian mechanistic model based on observed fatalities.
Using this approach, we estimate the effect of NPIs on the reproductive ratio R_t in 1,904 U.S. counties incorporating implementation, subsequent rollback, and mask mandate efficacy.

We estimate that at some point before Aug 2nd, 2020, 1,808 out of the considered 1,904 U.S. counties had reduced the reproductive ratio of SARS-CoV-2 to below 1.0.
However, on Aug 2nd, the reproductive ration remained below that threshold for only 702 counties.

The estimated effect of any individual NPI is different across counties.
Public school closings were estimated to be effective in metropolitan, urban, and suburban counties, while advisory NPIs were estimated to be effective in more rural counties.
The cumulative prevalence predicted by the model ranges from 0 to 58.6% across the counties examined. The median is 2.6% while the 25th and 75th percentile are 1.3% and 44.6% respectively, indicating that most counties are far from herd immunity.

Our results suggest that local conditions, including socioeconomic, demographic and infrastructural factors, in addition to the cumulative prevalence are pertinent to containment and re-opening decisions.
Toward understanding the genetic mechanisms of speciation:
Fine-grained introgressions between species
Authors: Wang Xinfeng , Guo Zixiao , Xu Shaohua , Shao Shao , Li Sen , Yang Ming , Chen Qipian , Zhong Cairong , Duke Norman , He Ziwen , Shi Suhua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The biological species concept (BSC) is the prevailing definition of species whereby genes cannot be exchanged during or after speciation. In contrast, since only genes that contribute to the adaptive divergence between species should be non-exchangeable, BSC appears to bear little relationship to the genetic process of speciation. The rejection of BSC demands evidence of continual gene flow until the completion of speciation. Here, we carry out the sequencing and de novo high-quality assembly of the genomes of two closely related mangrove species (Rhizophora mucronata and R. stylosa). Whole-genome re-sequencing of individuals from their distributions on the tropical coasts shows their genomes to be well delineated in allopatry. They became sympatric in northeastern Australia where their genomes harbor 9,963 and 3,874 introgression blocks, respectively, with each block averaging only about 3-4 Kb. These fine-grained introgressions indicate that gene flow continues even after numerous loci have evolved to become non-introgressable “genomic islets”. Many of these islets, only 1.4 Kb on average, harbor “speciation loci” which contribute to the divergence in flower development or gamete production and thus result in fitness reduction upon introgression. Our fine-grained analysis may thus be the first one to show that gene flow not only happens during speciation, but often continues until the completion of speciation. Under the weight of the extensive literature, BSC may deserve to be retired.
A Lineariztion Approach for Blind Signal Recovery in Multipath MIMO Systems with Signal Misalignment
Authors: Li Jiong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with blind deconvolution for signal recovery in multipath multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where the delays of different paths of each source signal from transmit antenna to receive antenna are random. Such a problem is often solved in an ideal state in literature, i.e., each transmitted signal arrives at the receive antennas simultaneously and the arrival time intervals of two adjacent paths are identical. However, the ideal case could not be satisfied in most applications. To address this issue, we propose a blind signal recovery algorithm. Specifically, by using Taylor series expansion to approximate sources, the convolutive MIMO signal recovery problem is transferred into instantaneous blind source separation (BSS) problem. Building on the ideas of second-order blind identification (SOBI), an extended SOBI algorithm is developed to recover the extended sources (including original sources and their derivatives). The simulation results illustrate the well performance and the interest of the proposed algorithm in comparison with other approaches.
Carrier Screening of SMA in North China
Authors: Wang ZhiQiang , Shen XiuLi , Qin QiRui , Luo GuiMei , Liu HuanHuan , He QingZhong , Thi Phuong Anh Nguyen , Wang ZhengYuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by loss of motor neurons and progressive proximal muscular atrophy. Although the SMN1 carrier frequencies were reported between 1:53- 1:83 in the Chinese population, carrier frequencies for many ethnicities, including most ethnic groups in North China, are unknown. Methods: A total of 3,130 maternal blood samples were collected at the Lvliang People’s hospital and Tonghua Central hospital. This research was performed with a three-stage screening procedure. The pregnant women were first examined for exon 7 and exon 8 copy number of SMN1. If the woman was determined as a SMA carrier, her partner was also tested, and if both parents were carriers, prenatal diagnosis was recommended. The copy number of both exons 7 and 8 of SMN1 gene were identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction according to the manufacture’s instructions. Results: A total of 3,130 pregnant women including 1,405 cases from Lvliang People's Hospital and 1725 cases from Tonghua Central Hospital, were tested for SMA carriers using real-time PCR assay. Seventy six cases were heterozygous deletion of exons 7 and 8 in SMN1 gene [1 + 0 genotype], thus carrier frequency of SMN1 deletion is 1:42 (2.43%). After detailed genetic counseling, 52 related paternal partners were tested. Among those individuals, a couple from Tonghua was found to be high risk for having offspring with SMA and prenatal diagnosis was then implemented, and the fetus was diagnosed with SMA. The carrier of SMA frequency in Lvliang and Tonghua populations were 1: 57 and 1: 34 respectively. Therefore, the carrier frequency in Lvliang (1:56) was significantly lower than that in Tonghua (1:34) (p=0.0330). The prevalence of SMA in Lvliang and Tonghua populations were estimate to be 8.5E-5 and 2.25E-4 respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, our research has determined the distribution of SMA carrier frequency in the general pregnancies that are present in the northern of China population. This study also provides an accurate assessment of allele frequencies and estimates of SMA prevalence that were previously unavailable to clinicians and patients considering testing in the north of China.
Ordinary Least Products Regression: A Robust Statistical Tool for Assessing Agreement Between Measures Attended by High Variability
Authors: Nascimento-Ferreira Marcus , Moraes Augusto De , Carvalho Heraclito 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Agreement (and disagreement) assessments are essential steps in the evaluation of new and existing methods. We aimed to provide a statistical approach to assess systematic disagreement between two measures/methods when both are attended by random error and high variability. Methods: We applied ordinary least products (OLP) regression and the Bland-Altman method in six simulated pairs of samples. In OLP regression, fixed bias defined if 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the intercept did not include 0. Proportional bias was defined if 95% CIs of the slope did not include 1. As a comparator, we assessed fixed and proportional bias by the Bland-Altman method. Results: We found divergence between studied statistical method outcomes only for measures with low variability (coefficient of variation, CV < 25,0%). Conclusion: OLP regression is a simple and powerful tool for detecting systematic disagreement when the measures are attended by high variability, as well as behavioral variables.
Allergenic Sensitization to pollen extracts in allergic patients. General “Calixto García” University Hospital, 2017.
Authors: González Belkis López , Concepción Jorge Torres , Flores Teresa Irene Rojas , Castelló Mirta Àlvarez , Márquez Yaquelin Leyva , Almarales Raúl Lázaro Castro , Sotolongo José Fernández 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Nowadays, the allergic diseases are affecting the population at worldwide level and Cuba does not escape to this, inside the aeroallergens that trigger the crises we can find the pollens. The main goals of this study were to determine the allergenic sensitization to pollens in allergic patients and their relationship with the presence of allergic diseases.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was performed in patients suffering from asthma, rhinitis, allergic rhino-conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis and allergic conjunctivitis. All patients underwent an allergic clinical history and skin prick test with allergenic extracts of Helianthus annus, Cosmos bipinnatus, Cynodon dactylon, Quercus sp, Eucalyptus sp . Frequencies and percentages were determined for its analysis.Results: Thirty-three patients were studied. The average age was found in the third decade of life, with a predominance in women. More than half of the patients were sensitized to pollens and 24.24% of them were polysensitized; the most frequent pollen was the cynodon dactylon . The patients with rhinitis were the most sensitized with the pollens.Conclusions: There is sensitization to pollen in our patients.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Co-Colonizing on A Single Plant Root System Recruit Distinct Microbiomes
Authors: Zhou Jiachao , Chai Xiaofen , Zhang Lin , George Timothy S , Feng Gu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Plant roots are usually colonized by various arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal species which vary in morphological, physiological and genetic traits and constitute the mycorrhizal nutrient uptake pathway (MP) in addition to roots. Simultaneously, the extraradical hyphae of each AM fungus is associated with a community of bacteria. However, whether the community structure and function of microbiome on the extraradical hyphae would differ between the AM fungal species are mostly unknown. Methods: In order to understand the community structure and the predicted functions of the microbiome associated with different AM fungal species, a split-root compartmented rhizobox culturing system, which allowed us to inoculate two AM fungal species separately in two root compartments was used. We inoculated two separate AM fungal species combinations, Funneliformis mosseae ( F.m ) and Gigaspora margarita ( G.m ), Rhizophagus intraradices ( R.i ) and G. margarita, on a single root system of cotton . The hyphal exudate fed active microbiome was measured by combining 13 C-DNA stable isotope probing with Miseq sequencing. Results: We found different AM fungal species, that were simultaneously colonizing on a single root system, hosted distinct active microbiomes from one another. Moreover, the predicted potential functions of the different microbiomes were distinct. Conclusion: We conclude that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi component of the system is responsible for the recruitment distinct microbiomes in the hyphosphere. The potential significance of the predicted functions of the microbiome ecosystem services is discussed.