bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalized chronic itch induced by small‐fibre neuropathy: clinical profile and proposed diagnostic criteria
Authors: Pereira M.P. , Derichs L. , Meyer Zu Hörste G. , Agelopoulos K. , Ständer S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSmall‐fibre neuropathy (SFN) is a known cause for pain, however, it may be also associated with chronic itch. The clinical profile of chronic itch due to SFN is poorly defined and accordingly under‐diagnosed in clinical care.ObjectivesTo establish the clinical profile of patients with SFN and to propose diagnostic criteria for this patient population.MethodsClinical data from patients diagnosed with SFN [chronic generalized itch and reduced intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD)] were analysed retrospectively.ResultsA total of 142 patients (60 females, median age: 62.5 years) were included. Patients reported daily, moderate to severe itch intensity scores occurring mostly in attacks (62.5%). Only 11 patients experienced exclusively itch, while the remaining patients (92%) reported pruralgia (itch along with painful sensations). Burning (50%), a sensation like needle pricks (46%) and tingling (45%) were the sensory symptoms reported by most patients. Cold or ice application led to an alleviation of the symptoms. The IENFD did not correlate with itch intensity; however, patients with a severely reduced IENFD (<30% of the normative cut‐off value) reported more frequently sharp, spiky and drilling sensations compared to the remaining patients. The quality of life was moderately impaired and correlated with itch intensity, whereas anxiety and depression scores were low.ConclusionsOnset of pruralgia on normal appearing skin, occurrence in attacks and symptomatic alleviation with cold/ice application should alert physicians for a possible neuropathic SFN‐related origin of itch. A reduced IENFD can confirm the diagnosis of SFN.
Health‐related quality of life amongst primary caregivers of children with intellectual disability
Authors: Arora S. , Goodall S. , Viney R. , Einfeld S. ,   the MHYPEDD team
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren with intellectual disability (ID) frequently have significant educational, social and health care needs, resulting in caregivers often experiencing a wide range of negative effects. This paper aims to determine the impact of childhood ID on caregivers' health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) across co‐morbid diagnostic groups. The second aim of this study is to determine the risk factors associated with lower HRQoL in this population.MethodsCaregivers of a child with ID aged between 2 and 12 years old completed an online survey to determine their HRQoL using the EQ‐5D‐5L measure. They were also asked demographic questions and about their dependent child's level of behavioural and emotional difficulties.ResultsOf the total sample of 634 caregivers, 604 caregivers completed all five questions of the EQ‐5D‐5L. The mean age of caregivers was 39.1 years and 91% were women. Caregivers spent on average 66.6 h per week caring for their child related to their child's disability. The mean EQ‐5D‐5L score of caregivers was 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.79, 0.82), which is below the estimated Australian population norms (mean utility score of 0.92) for the age‐equivalent population.Caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorders reported the lowest HRQoL (0.77, 95% confidence interval: 0.74, 0.79) of the five included co‐morbid diagnostic groups. Caregivers with a lower income, a perceived low level of social support and children with higher degree of behavioural and emotional problems were likely to have a statistically lower HRQoL.ConclusionsThis is the first study to produce utility values for caregivers of children with ID. The utility values can be used to compare health states and can be used to inform comparative cost‐effectiveness analyses. Demonstrating that caregivers of children with ID have reduced HRQoL and that this is associated with the degree of behavioural and emotional problems has important policy implications, highlighting the potential for policy interventions that target behavioural and emotional problems to improve outcomes for caregivers.
Root O2 consumption, CO2 production and tissue concentration profiles in chickpea, as influenced by environmental hypoxia
Authors: Colmer Timothy David , Winkel Anders , Kotula Lukasz , Armstrong William , Revsbech Niels Peter , Pedersen Ole 
Published: December 2019

Summary

Roots in flooded soils experience hypoxia, with the least O2 in the vascular cylinder. Gradients in CO2 across roots had not previously been measured. The respiratory quotient (RQ; CO2 produced : O2 consumed) is expected to increase as O2 availability declines.

A new CO2 microsensor and an O2 microsensor were used to measure profiles across roots of chickpea seedlings in aerated or hypoxic conditions. Simultaneous, nondestructive flux measurements of O2 consumption, CO2 production, and thus RQ, were taken for roots with declining O2.

Radial profiling revealed severe hypoxia and c. 0.8 kPa CO2 within the root vascular cylinder. The distance penetrated by O2 into the roots was shorter at lower O2. The gradient in CO2 was in the opposite direction to that of O2, across the roots and diffusive boundary layer. RQ increased as external O2 was lowered.

For chickpea roots in solution at air equilibrium, O2 was very low and CO2 was elevated within the vascular cylinder; the extent of the severely hypoxic core increased as external O2 was reduced. The increased RQ in roots in response to declining external O2 highlighted the shift from respiration to ethanolic fermentation as the severely hypoxic/anoxic core became a progressively greater proportion of the root tissues.
Characteristics of indoor injuries in hotels compared to home among young children
Authors: Suginaka Miwa , Abe Toshikazu , Murata Kensuke , Ishihara Tadashi , Okamoto Ken , Tanaka Hiroshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough attention has recently been afforded to home injury prevention for young children, we often encounter young children who have experienced indoor injuries at places other than the home. We aimed to identify characteristics of unintentional indoor injuries that occurred when young children were not at home.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of young children (aged <6 years) with indoor injuries from January to June 2017. We classified patients injured in hotel rooms as the “Hotel group” and compared them to patients injured at home (“Home group”).ResultsAmong 102 patients who met the study criteria, 33 patients (32.4%) were classified as the Hotel group. Falls were the most frequent cause of injury in both groups (Home, 56.5% versus Hotel, 87.9%). Falls from beds were more likely to happen in hotel rooms (1.4% versus 48.5%). In regard to fall‐associated injuries, head and / or facial injury was most frequent in both groups (Home, 92.3% versus Hotel, 89.7%). A suture and follow‐up were less likely in the Home group than in the Hotel group (18.8% versus 42.4%, 39.1% versus 69.7%, respectively).ConclusionsIn hotel rooms, head and / or facial injuries due to falling from a bed were the most common types of injury, and they often needed more invasive procedures than home injuries. Injuries that tended to occur in hotel rooms are more predictable than home injuries. Modification of the surrounding environment has the potential to prevent unintentional injuries not only in the home environment but also in hotel rooms.
Human Capital and Administrative Burden: The Role of Cognitive Resources in Citizen‐State Interactions
Authors: Christensen Julian , Aarøe Lene , Baekgaard Martin , Herd Pamela , Moynihan Donald P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOne means by which the state reinforces inequality is by imposing administrative burdens that loom larger for citizens with lower levels of human capital. Integrating insights from various disciplines, this article focuses on one aspect of human capital: cognitive resources. The authors outline a model that explains how burdens and cognitive resources, especially executive functioning, interrelate. The article then presents illustrative examples, highlighting three common life factors—scarcity, health problems, and age‐related cognitive decline. These factors create a human capital catch‐22, increasing people's likelihood of needing state assistance while simultaneously undermining the cognitive resources required to negotiate the burdens they encounter while seeking such assistance. The result is to reduce access to state benefits and increase inequality. The article concludes by calling for scholars of behavioral public administration and public administration more generally to incorporate more attention to human capital into their research.
Strength of Strong Ties in Intercity Government Information Sharing and County Jurisdictional Boundaries
Authors: Ki Namhoon , Kwak Chang‐Gyu , Song Minsun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStudies have found that information sharing between city governments can be easily observed within the same county jurisdiction, but less attention has been paid to the reasons why the jurisdictional boundary matters. This article fills this lacuna, drawing on the insight of the “strength of strong ties” argument that “people help their friends first.” The analysis reveals that city governments in the Orlando, Florida, metropolitan area are more likely to share economic development information (EDI) with governments in the same county as the collective demand for such information in that area increases. This study additionally finds that the greater the demand for EDI, the more likely it is that city governments will seek the information from their county members. As a result, as the demand for information increases among city governments in a metropolitan area, the likelihood that it will be shared by all members of the area beyond the county boundaries decreases.
How Culture Matters in Internet Usage
Authors: Kim Sangmoon , Ju Chang Bum 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study investigates cultural influences on the way that the Internet is utilised. We specifically examine how online time is allocated between information searching and communication in two culturally distinct societies: South Korea and the United States. Based on the argument that personal communication in South Korea shows a higher level of contexting, which is not easily transmitted over the Internet, we hypothesise that Koreans spend relatively less time on online communication than Americans do. Our analyses of time-use data support this hypothesis. We find that the difference between the societies is not in the length of time spent on online communication, but the choice of the Internet as a communication medium. Koreans are less likely to view the Internet as a communication medium than Americans, although they are equally active once involved in this activity.
Get a grip: unusual disturbances drive crayfish to improvise
Authors: Ion Mihaela C. , Puha Adela E. , Suciu Tudor , Pârvulescu Lucian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Animals that face unusual situations react instinctively in order to efficiently adapt to changes in the environment. Persistence leads training and learning the developed solution, which can then be applied to similar challenges in the future. We experimented on adult narrow-clawed crayfish extracted from both lentic and lotic habitats. We proved that the latter were more prone to grabbing objects during acute exposure to water currents. Chronic exposure of specimens from lentic habitat to water currents led to intense training in clumping activity, gripping quickly to adherent side objects regardless of the origin (natural or artificial). The behaviour was significantly reduced after the trained specimens were returned to an environment without water currents for a four-week period. The results suggest that crayfish can learn a solution when faced with a disturbance; once the disturbance disappeared, the trained response was no longer needed and lost.
The genus Berntsenus Massey, 1974 is a junior synonym of Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Giblin-Davis Robin M. 
Published: December 2019

Summary
Stylet (feeding) dimorphism of Bursaphelenchus sinensis was experimentally confirmed during a recent study and its predatory form was considered similar in morphology to species of Berntsenus. Therefore, available type and voucher materials for members of Berntsenus were examined for their morphology and compared with Bursaphelenchus sinensis and B. aberrans, another related species showing feeding dimorphism. The typological characters of their co-habiting aphelenchoidid species were also examined. The type materials of Berntsenus spp. have characteristic squared lips, a thick stylet, large median bulb and short and stout pharyngeal glands; males, when present, have a P1 papilla and a tape-like bursa, suggesting that they are the predatory form of improperly classified Bursaphelenchus species. In addition, Aphelenchoides pityokteini and Ektaphelenchus tenuidens (= Aphelenchoides tenuidens), co-occurring with their respective host bark beetle isolates of Berntsenus, were typologically confirmed to belong to the aberrans-group of Bursaphelenchus and considered to be conspecific to each co-habiting Berntsenus species. Herein, Berntsenus is synonymised with Bursaphelenchus, and Bursaphelenchus brachycephalus n. comb. (= Berntsenus brachycephalus and E. tenuidens) and Bursaphelenchus pityokteini n. comb. (= A. pityokteini and Berntsenus labiosus) are proposed.
Mapping Transformation of Nineteenth-Century Chinese Cities within China’s Incorporation Process
Authors: Ru Sung Hee 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
During the 19th century, China’s socioeconomic geography experienced unprecedented spatial changes. Through these spatial transformations, which were caused by the penetration of western capitalism, Chinese cities morphed into epicenters of international trade between Western powers and China. By examining the major transformations having taken place in 19th century Chinese cities, the author investigates unexplained or neglected transformations in three areas: (1) the decline of interdependent inland cities connected by waterways; (2) the simultaneous rise of independent port cities under the influence of the capitalist world-economy; and (3) the forging of port city–hinterland relationships in connection with the capitalist world-economy. It helps to understand the role that port cities have played in the development of China’s historical capitalism.
The Value and Partisanship Basis of Left-Right Placement after the Financial Crisis
Authors: Rivero Carlos García , Kotzè Hennie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The concept of ideology has been related to economic inequality, state intervention in the economy, party identification, moral values and, more recently, to post-materialist values. It is also argued that the general public has a perception of this concept similar to that of the elites. This article analyses the left-right continuum at the elite and mass levels in five countries, before and after the recent severe financial crisis. It investigates: i) the relative weight of values vs partisanship as the basis of left-right self-placement; ii) whether political elites and citizens share the same factors underpinning ideology; and iii) whether there have been any changes in these factors as a consequence of the 2007-2008 financial crisis. The study is a quantitative analysis making use of survey data. Findings indicate that both elites and masses concentrated in moderate positions both before and after the crisis; citizens do not follow elites when explaining left-right self-placement; and the financial crisis has led elites to move toward the right and the public toward the left. Before the crisis citizens used to base their position on the scale on partisanship more than on values. After the crisis, values surpassed partisanship. Elite placements were mainly based on values.
What Makes Urban Life Possible?
Authors: Thomas Alexander R. , Fulkerson Gregory M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article introduces and explains a novel concept – the urban-rural system – as a means for addressing the question, what makes urban life possible? To address this question, the authors examine the archaeological record from the first agrarian villages, market towns, and eventual first cities that arose during the late Paleolithic through early Neolithic world of the Fertile Crescent (roughly modern-day Syria and Iraq). Following this, they reflect on what the ancient record can teach us about urban dependency on rural resources and how this shapes environmental, economic, political, and cultural dynamics. They conclude with brief consideration of the contemporary utility of the urban-rural system concept, emphasizing the continued need urban populations have for rural resources.
Influencing Suicide Rates among the Elderly
Authors: Rosario Angela Louise C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
By focusing on the elderly suicide rates, this study lays out the different suicide regulation and prevention policies of three developed countries – Japan, the Netherlands, and South Korea. The main goal is to compare and analyze how these policies, with disparate ways of handling suicide, influence elderly suicide rates in relation with their countries’ respective differing suicide determinants. By applying the ‘Method for Synthesizing about Public Policies’ created by Morestin, Gauvin, Hogue, and Benoit to check the status of efficiency and of any issues of public policies, it concludes that South Korea shows promise, while Japan’s suicide rates have certainly been scaling down. Conversely, in terms of the use of euthanasia, suicide rates in the Netherlands have been continuously rising.
The Future of Populism in a Comparative European and Global Context
Authors: Adam Frane , Tomšič Matevž 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article deals with the recent rise of populist tendencies and their meaning in contemporary democracies within the EU, including Eastern Europe. It stresses the importance of two interrelated and interconnected processes that provide a fertile ground for the emergence of different types of populism – crisis of parliamentary multi-party democracy and pressures of supranational integration and globalisation. Populism has the ambition to address both, to solve the political crisis and defend national sovereignty against globalism by personifying politics as a way of concentrating power. This means a tendency toward a (semi)-authoritarian (but still competitive) regime and state-led capitalism. In addition, new allies and protectors in an emerging new, multi-polar global order and outside of the EU and Western sphere are sought.
Can ‘Openness-to-change’ and ‘Conservation’ Values Predict the Diffusion of the Internet into European Homes?
Authors: Blekesaune Morten 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study investigated whether openness-to-change values (self-direction and stimulation) and conservation values (security and tradition) could predict the diffusion of the internet into homes by 2014, at the level of 159 European regions. All four value scales were correlated with the diffusion of the internet, after controlling for regional wealth and population density. Self-direction was by far the most consistent predictor of the diffusion of internet connections; a combination of self-direction and stimulation values could predict home internet use better than other combinations of human values. A longitudinal analysis, at the level of 25 countries, investigated the possibility of reverse causation (could the internet affect human values?), between 2004 and 2014. The study found no such effects.
Contested Authorities over Life Politics
Authors: Yurdakul Gökce , Rexer Gala , Eilat Shvat , Mutluer Nil 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Conflicts between religious and secular discourses, norms, actors, and institutions are differently shaped across the Middle East and Europe in accordance with their specific socio-legal contexts. While current scholarship has often studied this tension by focusing on religious rituals, the authors shed new light on the way religion and secularity shape the everyday making of life politics by way of a three-country comparison of abortion debates in Germany, Turkey, and Israel. Through face-to-face interviews with stakeholders involved in interpreting secular abortion law, the authors analyze how social actors in three predominantly monotheistic countries and socio-political circumstances construe secular abortion laws differently in practice. The authors show that, contrary to common belief, contestations over abortion do not neatly divide between religious and secular authority, but they create gray zones of negotiation. Articulated through specific historical, political, and religious circumstances, such gray zones involve everyday decisions on human authority in determining abortion practices and differing understandings of women’s bodies.
Attitudes towards Women’s Paid Labor and Children in East Asia
Authors: Piotrowski Martin , Clark Rob , Tong Yuying , Schmitz Wyatt , Shibuya Kumiko 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Using data from the 2012 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) fourth module on family and changing gender roles, the authors explore cross-national differences in the prevalence of non-traditional attitudes towards women’s paid labor and children’s interference in parents’ lives in China, South Korea, Taiwan, and Japan. Their results show that variation in attitude configurations and their determinants differ across each setting in ways that are inconsistent with existing theoretical explanations formulated to explain both macro- and micro-level mechanisms of differences in attitudes. The authors therefore propose a paradigm shift in cross-national attitudinal research along the lines proposed by the Theory of Conjunctural Action (TCA), which recognizes the path-dependent interplay of local schematic and material elements of social structure that operate at multiple levels of analysis.
The Sovereignty of Finance? Distress and the Financialization of Sovereign Debt
Authors: Aitken Rob 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article argues that the relationship between finance and state sovereignty is neither automatic nor understandable in some generalized manner. To develop this argument, I pay particular attention to the financialization of distressed sovereign debt, especially sovereign debt defaults in the Global South with particular reference to Argentina’s default in 2001 and the string of legal cases it triggered. These legal processes breathed a strange after-life into Argentina’s defaulted debt by converting that debt into fully commodified financial contracts. I argue that the financialization of sovereign debt is enabled by a long and complex evolution in the application of the doctrine of restrictive sovereign immunity. This financialization, moreover, is indicative of ways in which forms of financial distress are reworked as renewed sources of financial value. This provokes questions about the very relationship between waste and value in our global political economy.