bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicoprognostic characteristics of cutaneous metastatic melanoma: a retrospective comparative study between acral and nonacral melanoma
Authors: Kang Hyun Ji , Choi Myoung Eun , Won Chong Hyun , Chang Sung Eun , Lee Mi Woo , Choi Jee Ho , Lee Woo Jin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough cutaneous melanoma has been widely evaluated, data elucidating the clinical features and prognostic factors of cutaneous metastatic melanoma are limited.ObjectiveTo determine and compare the clinicoprognostic features of cutaneous metastasis in acral and nonacral melanoma.MethodsThe Asan Medical Center database was reviewed for cases of cutaneous metastatic melanoma that had been confirmed by skin biopsy between January 1996 and December 2017.ResultsCutaneous metastasis occurred in 12.4% (61 of 492 cases) of our cohort. The frequency of cutaneous metastasis was higher in nonacral melanoma than that in acral melanoma. The mean duration between the initial diagnosis of a primary tumor and cutaneous dissemination was 19.8 months. Cutaneous metastasis developed earlier during the disease course in acral melanoma than that in nonacral melanoma. Cutaneous metastasis was more disseminated, involving multiple anatomy sites in nonacral melanoma than that in acral melanoma. In‐transit metastasis was significantly more common in acral melanoma than that in nonacral melanoma. The disease stage at the time of cutaneous metastasis was not significantly different between acral and nonaral melanoma. In‐transit metastasis was commonly associated with visceral involvement in acral melanoma but not in nonacral melanoma. The extent and multiplicity of cutaneous metastasis were dependent on the status of other viscera during the cutaneous metastasis. No significant difference in survival during the cutaneous metastasis was observed between acral and nonacral melanoma.ConclusionClinicoprognostic features of cutaneous metastasis were different between acral and nonacral melanoma.
Dermatological and epidemiological profile of patients with albinism in Togo in 2019: results of two consultation campaigns
Authors: Saka Bayaki , Mouhari‐Toure Abas , Adam Saliou , Mahamadou Garba , Kassang Panawè , Teclessou Julienne N. , Akakpo Séfako A. , Gnossikè Piham , Elegbede Yvette , Darré Tchin , Kombaté Koussake , Pitché Palokinam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople with albinism (PWA) are targets of prejudice and social exclusion and have limited access to specialized medical care and resources. Our study aimed to describe the epidemiological and dermatological profile of PWA in Togo.MethodWe carried out a cross‐sectional study of 294 medical records of PWA systematically examined during two mobile skin care clinics in 2019.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 22 ± 16.5 years, and the gender ratio (M/F) was 1. A family history of albinism was reported in 27.9% of cases, and consanguinity between the parents was found in 24.1% of PWA. Dermatological lesions on physical examination were present in 95.2% of PWA. These lesions were elastosis/wrinkles (82.9%), ephelides (79.6%), actinic keratoses (60.0%), actinic cheilitis (50.0%), and cutaneous carcinomas (11.8%). The mean age of PWA with skin carcinomas was 38.6 years. Fifty‐four cases of cutaneous carcinomas had been diagnosed (31 cases of basal cell carcinoma, 21 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, and 2 cases of Bowen's disease) and were located mainly in the cephalic region (61.1%) and upper limbs (27.8%). Cryotherapy and/or excisional biopsies were the treatments for premalignant and malignant lesions. All PWA were sensitized on sun protection.ConclusionsThis study shows the basic picture of dermatological characteristics of PWA with a high frequency of photo‐induced lesions and skin cancers. The popularization and respect of photoprotection measures and regular skin examination of these PWA for early detection and management of lesions will reduce their morbidity and mortality.
Philanthropists, Professionals and Feminists: Refugee NGOs and the Empowerment of Syrian Women in Gaziantep, Turkey
Authors: Özgür Keysan Asuman , Şentürk Burcu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe diversification of gender‐based priorities and the necessities of refugees have led refugee NGOs to launch activities specifically for women, or urged women‐only NGOs to take action particularly for refugee women in Turkey. Drawing upon a qualitative research in Gaziantep in Turkey, which host a large population of Syrian refugees, this study seeks to answer the question “How effective are NGOs in empowering Syrian refugee women in Turkey?” It is argued that NGOs working in the provision of assistance to refugees cannot be treated as a homogeneous group in terms of the degree and form of their influences on the empowerment of refugee women, and the individual NGO’s standpoints may shape their effects. Data from interviews with NGO representatives and Syrian women who have received support from NGOs indicate that the NGOs’ perceptions of women’s issues and their contribution to the empowerment of women are closely linked to their type.
Parent–child joint media engagement in infancy
Authors: Padilla‐Walker Laura M. , Coyne Sarah M. , Booth McCall A. , Domoff Sarah E. , Summers Kjersti , Schvaneveldt Emily , Stockdale Laura 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEarly conversations are an important source in shaping children's cognitive and emotional development, and it is vital to understand how parents use media as a platform to engage in conversations with their young children and what might predict the quality of these interactions. Thus, in the current study we explored the nature of parent–child discourse while engaging in media (i.e., joint media engagement) with infants, and how parent (empathic concern and responsiveness) and child (negative emotionality and regulatory capacity) variables might be associated with the quality of engagement. The current study consisted of 269 infants (50% female, Mage = 17.09 months, SD = 3.93; 59% White) and their primary caregiver (98% mothers) who engaged in a variety of in‐home tasks and parental questionnaires. Results established three meaningful codes for both parent and child that assessed positive and negative joint media engagement. Further, results suggested that parental empathic concern was associated with positive parent and child media engagement, while child negative emotionality was associated with lower levels of distraction. Discussion focuses on the importance of studying parent–child discourse in the context of joint media engagement and recommends limiting media exposure before 18 months of age.
Adjunct aids and signals support online learning from multiple representations
Authors: Kollmer Julia , Hosp Theresa , Glogger‐Frey Inga , Renkl Alexander , Eitel Alexander 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo achieve deeper understanding when learning from multiple representations, learners should actively select, organize and integrate the relevant information from text and graphics within a coherent mental representation. However, as learners often fail to select and integrate all relevant information, especially from graphics, they need specific instructional support. The current study investigated the effects of instructional support in the form of adjunct aids (i.e. fill‐in‐the blank tasks) with references to the graphics (e.g. “see Figure X”) on retention and understanding. In our study, 106 learners (N) received multimedia instructional materials about the formation of auroras either with or without adjunct aids – the former with references to graphics (signals), or with none. In line with our hypotheses, adjunct aids with signals led to deeper understanding, as reflected by higher scores in the comprehension test. In contrast, adjunct aids with signals did not lead to higher scores in the retention test. Thus, our results are in line with previous research, showing that instructional support for integrating text and graphics specifically fosters deeper understanding. Possible boundary conditions and implications for future research are discussed.
Universal health coverage and primary health care: Their place in people's health
Authors: Walker Christine , Peterson Chris L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSturmberg and Martin in 2020 argue that universal health coverage (UHC) is mainly about financing, and primary health care (PHC) is about the right care at the right time to ensure health. They maintain that the World Health Organization has recently sent the wrong message about the “pillars” of PHC in their relationship to UHC. An understanding of political economy is required in order to come to terms with the bases of PHC and the fundamentals of UHC that dealing with inequities is not only an economic issue but fundamentally a political issue. Neoliberal decision‐making can enhance inequities in society. Two chronic health conditions, diabetes and multiple sclerosis, are examples of conditions that lead to costly and debilitating consequences for patients but also lead to substantial economic costs in terms of lost workforce participation and lost productivity. These cases demonstrate the socio‐political issues involved in the management of care for a number of illnesses. The upsurge of COVID‐19 has placed an enormous strain on health and broader social and economic resources and challenged the pretext of UHC as health for all: substantial differences in equity and political commitment have emerged. Sturmberg and Martin argue that the joining of UHC and PHC needs leadership, which involves local communities and resourcing. PHC is a changing system based on power relationships involving funders and the health community. In Australia as in several countries, out‐of‐pocket costs have grown rapidly and have affected access for some groups to PHC and have challenged the pretext of equity in UHC. In the context of PHC and UHC, we support the position that health for all goes beyond health care for all, to embrace healthy lives promoting wellbeing.
Cross‐sectional study of histopathology and piscine orthoreovirus during a marine production cycle of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Marty Gary D. , Bidulka Julie , Joseph Tomy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwo cohorts of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in British Columbia, Canada, were sampled for histopathology (nine organs) and piscine orthoreovirus (PRV‐1) PCR after seawater entry at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 13, 16 and 19 months (20 fish per cohort per date). One cohort—from a PRV+ hatchery—remained PRV+ throughout the study (sample prevalence 80%–100%). In an adjacent pen, the other cohort—from a PRV− hatchery—was 0% PRV+ at 78 days, 30% PRV+ at 128 days and ≥95% PRV+ thereafter. Among sample cohorts that were ≥80% PRV+, median Ct values were nominally less among fish sourced from the PRV− hatchery (28.7–33.3) than the PRV+ hatchery (30.8–35.2). No microscopic lesions were associated with PRV Ct value (minimum = 25.6). About 3% of fish in both cohorts had moderate inflammatory heart lesions; among these fish, only one had skeletal muscle inflammation (mild), and PRV Ct values were similar to unaffected cohorts sampled the same day. Also, among 16 moribund or freshly dead fish sampled opportunistically during the study, 14 were PRV+, and none had significant inflammatory heart lesions. These data support the hypothesis that British Columbia PRV‐1 does not contribute to mortality.
Some best‐fit probability distributions for at‐site flood frequency analysis of the Ume River
Authors: Kousar Samara , Khan Abrar Raza , Ul Hassan Mahmood , Noreen Zahra , Bhatti Sajjad Haider 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAt‐site flood frequency analysis is a direct method of flood estimation at a given site. The choice of an appropriate probability distribution and parameter estimation method plays a vital role in at‐site frequency analysis. In the current article, flood frequency analysis is carried out at five gauging sites of the Ume River in Sweden. Generalised extreme value, three‐parameter log‐normal, generalised logistic and Gumbel distributions are fitted to the annual maximum peak flow data. The L‐moment and the maximum likelihood methods are used to estimate the parameters of the distributions. Based on different goodness‐of‐fit tests and accuracy measures, the three‐parameter log‐normal distribution has been identified as the best‐fitted distribution by using the L‐moments method of estimation for gauging sites Harrsele Krv, Gardiken and Överuman Nedre. The generalised extreme value distribution with the L‐moments estimation provided the best fit to maximum annual streamflow at gauging sites Solberg and Stornorrfors Krv. Finally, the best‐fitted distribution for each gauging site is used to predict the maximum flow of water for return periods of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 years.
LncRNA LINC00467 acted as an oncogene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by accelerating cell proliferation and preventing cell apoptosis via the miR‐485‐5p/DPAGT1 axis
Authors: Liu Zhenghua , Yang Shize , Chen Xitao , Dong Siyuan , Zhou Siyu , Xu Shun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimEsophageal carcinoma has been regarded as one of the top 10 common malignancies globally. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an important subtype of esophageal carcinoma with approximately 20% survival rate. Long noncoding RNAs were documented to regulate the occurrence or progression of several tumors. However, neither the biological role nor the molecular mechanism of LINC00467 has been explored. This research is aimed to investigating the regulatory mechanism of LINC00467 in ESCC.MethodsIn this study, a series of experiments including reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Cell Counting Kit‐8, luciferase reporter, western blot, and RNA immunoprecipitation were designed and conducted to explore the potential function and mechanism of LINC00467 in ESCC.ResultsAccording to experimental results, we found out upregulated LINC00467 improved cell proliferation, but hindered cell apoptosis. In mechanism, miR‐485‐5p was predicted, screened out, and validated to combine with LINC00467, which displayed lower expression in ESCC. Additionally, miR‐485‐5p negatively regulated and directly targeted DPAGT1. Rescue assays suggested that DPAGT1 amplification was able to recover the influence of LINC00467 deficiency on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, knockdown of LINC00467 suppressed tumor growth in vivo.ConclusionWe proved that LINC00467 acted as an oncogene in ESCC by accelerating cell proliferation and preventing cell apoptosis via miR‐485‐5p/DPAGT1 axis. This may provide a potential diagnostic marker for ESCC treatment.
The impact of sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors on non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Chrysavgis Lampros , Papatheodoridi Alkistis‐Maria , Chatzigeorgiou Antonios , Cholongitas Evangelos 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAffecting one fourth of the global population, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest chronic liver disorder. It encompasses the simple liver fat accumulation to more progressive steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis characterized as non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and in some cases cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD regularly coexists with metabolic disorders, such as obesity and mostly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A relatively new class of antidiabetic drugs, the sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors exert their action by increasing the urinary glucose and calorie excretion leading to ameliorated plasma glucose levels and lower bodyweight. Recently, several animal studies and human clinical trial have emphasized the possible beneficial impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on NAFLD and its progression to NASH. In this present review, we summarize the current literature regarding the efficacy of the aforementioned category of drugs on anthropometric, laboratory, and histological features of patients with NAFLD. Conclusively, as SGLT2 inhibitors seem to be an appealing therapeutic opportunity for NAFLD management, we identify the open issues and questions to be addressed in order to clarify the impact in choosing antidiabetic medication to treat NAFLD patients associated with T2DM.
Myeloproliferative Disorder with Intraoral Lesions in an Olive Baboon (Papio anubis)
Authors: Clemmons Elizabeth A. , Gonzalez Olga , Thornton Jason , Kumar Shyamesh , Dick Edward J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSpontaneous myeloid leukemia is rarely reported in non‐human primates. We report a case of myeloproliferative disorder suggestive of acute myeloid leukemia with intraoral lesions in an olive baboon (Papio anubis). Clinical pathology, radiology, gross examination (pre‐mortem and post‐mortem), histopathology, and immunohistochemistry findings are provided.
Potassium isotope systematics of the LL4 chondrite Hamlet: Implications for chondrule formation and alteration
Authors: Koefoed Piers , Pravdivtseva Olga , Chen Heng , Gerritzen Carina , Thiemens Maxwell M. , Wang Kun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHere, we apply recently developed high‐precision K isotope analyses to individual components of the LL4 chondrite Hamlet in order to investigate key processes which occurred during chondrite formation. The K isotopic compositions of all Hamlet chondrules range from −1.36‰ to −0.24‰ δ41K while the matrix and bulk samples show ranges of −0.89‰ to −0.80‰ and −0.86‰ to −1.08‰ δ41K, respectively. This range of δ41K values is significantly less than what was seen by in situ K isotopic analysis of Semarkona and Bishunpur chondrules, a likely effect of the different chondrite petrologic types, analytical artifacts in the SIMS analyses, and chondrule rim effects. Strong evidence for secondary parent‐body alteration effects within Hamlet suggests its K fractionation and distribution are dominantly controlled by these processes. Interestingly, the strong correlation between δ41K and chondrule mass suggests that chondrule size played a significant role in the K isotopic distribution within Hamlet. This trend is likely a result of either inherited initial differences in the chondrule K isotopic ratios which were not completely overprinted or mechanisms involved in the metamorphism processes creating variations. This K isotope correlation with chondrule mass could also be suggestive of chondrule‐forming nebular processes; nevertheless, it is currently unable to definitively favor any specific model. The K isotopic similarities between Hamlet and bulk ordinary chondrites suggest that all LL chondrites, if not all ordinary chondrites, may have formed via the same processes. Nevertheless, analysis of more pristine chondrules from chondrites of lower metamorphic grade is required to further assess any nebular processes of chondrule formation.
The politics of state celebrations in Belarus
Authors: Rohava Maryia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNational celebrations have been defined as manifestations of collective identities that glorify the nation and strengthen the national community. However, the magnitude and design of celebrations in autocratic states indicate a different ideational function that these symbolic events play in an autocratic political system. Autocratic elites have the administrative capacity to distort everyday routines and impose ideological principles of how people participate in state celebrations. How citizens engage in official celebratory practices in an authoritarian political context formulates a valuable contribution to the conceptualisation of national celebrations. Drawing on focus group discussions and ethnographic observations, I investigate how people negotiate meanings of celebratory and commemorative practices in the context of autocratic Belarus. I discuss how volatile the symbolic politics is when the invention of new symbolic traditions or the reinvention of old narratives does not appeal to all social groups and lacks authenticity.
The impact of childhood obesity on human capital in high‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Segal Alexa Blair , Huerta M. Carmen , Aurino Elisabetta , Sassi Franco 
Published: July 2020

SummaryCurrent evidence of the impact of childhood obesity on human capital development does not point in a consistent direction, and its interpretation is challenging. We carried out a systematic review of studies from high‐income countries that used robust causal inference approaches to assess the impact of childhood overweight and obesity on outcomes typically linked to human capital development in economics. Global Health, Medline and EconLit were used to search for peer‐reviewed papers. Three reviewers independently assessed study quality using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Nineteen papers representing 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. Included studies were categorized based on three components of human capital: cognitive performance (n = 18), measured through test scores; educational attainment (n = 3), through grade progression and college completion; and labour market outcomes (n = 1), through wages. We find that childhood overweight and obesity hinder education outcomes, with effects mostly observed at older ages of exposure measurement (12+ years). Girls with overweight and obesity experienced larger negative effects and more often than boys. Future research should elucidate the pathways through which childhood obesity impacts human capital development, to support policies that may mitigate those impacts, thus averting social costs that are currently widespread, increasing and unaccounted for.
Stocks and flows—inventories in petroleum refining
Authors: Tischer Robert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses the question of whether an (S, s) inventory management model, combined with a stockout‐avoidance mechanism, is appropriate for explaining the inventory process for oil refining. The analysis uses a fixed‐proportion production function to model dynamic profit maximisation in crude oil refining. The model distinguishes the use of production crude oil from crude oil inventories as inputs into oil refining. The result is a relationship between oil production, oil inventory and the difference between the prices of crude oil and refined petroleum products. Estimation results indicate that the (S, s) model is consistent with data measuring crude oil inventory management and results also imply a modest stockout‐avoidance mechanism.