bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Professional identity formation within Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Brown Megan El , Whybrow Paul , Kirwan Gavin , Finn Gabrielle M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Professional identity development is an area of contemporary interest within medical education. It can be defined as ‘the foundational process one experiences during the transformation from lay person to physician’. In order for this transformation to occur, medical values and principles are internalised. A robust professional identity is key to confident practice as a medical professional. As such, research regarding what works to encourage identity development is popular. New models of educational delivery, such as the increasingly popular Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship model (LICs), present an interesting opportunity to investigate impact on identity. As no previous literature reviews focus on identity development within LICs, it is unclear what is already known about their impact. Therefore, a scoping review synthesising current knowledge and mapping areas for future research is necessary.

Methods
Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review steps will be used as a methodological framework. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, ERIC, PsychINFO, Google Scholar, JSTOR, Scopus, and Web of science will be searched (from inception onwards). We will include single studies of any design (e.g. quantitative and qualitative) and reviews examining professional identity within Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships involving health profession students. Two reviewers will complete all screening and data abstraction independently. Deductive coding will be presented as a quantitative textual meta-analysis. Inductive coding will be presented in narrative format.

Discussion
This scoping review will explore professional identity formation within LICs, evaluating any known impact of the educational model and mapping the ways in which identity within LICs has been researched. Mapping of current knowledge should highlight whether LICs as an educational model can influence professional identity development and outline gaps in what is known about their impact to date. Theory used in LIC-based identity research will also be mapped, in order to summarise the main theoretical orientations of research to date. It is anticipated that through such evidence synthesis, directions for future research will become clear.

Systematic review registration
Open Science Framework: osf.io/hk83p
Cancer and Leukemia Group B 90203 (Alliance): Radical Prostatectomy With or Without Neoadjuvant Chemohormonal Therapy in Localized, High-Risk Prostate Cancer
Authors: Eastham James A. , Heller Glenn , Halabi Susan , Monk J. Paul , Beltran Himisha , Gleave Martin , Evans Christopher P. , Clinton Steven K. , Szmulewitz Russell Z. , Coleman Jonathan , Hillman David W. , Watt Colleen R. , George Saby , Sanda Martin G. , Hahn Olwen M. , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Parsons J. Kellogg , Mohler James L. , Small Eric J. , Morris Michael J. 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSERadical prostatectomy (RP) alone is often inadequate in curing men with clinically localized, high-risk prostate cancer (PC). We hypothesized that chemohormonal therapy (CHT) with androgen-deprivation therapy plus docetaxel before RP would improve biochemical progression–free survival (BPFS) over RP alone.PATIENTS AND METHODSMen with clinically localized, high-risk PC were assigned to RP alone or neoadjuvant CHT with androgen deprivation plus docetaxel (75 mg/m2body surface area every 3 weeks for 6 cycles) and RP. The primary end point was 3-year BPFS. Biochemical failure was defined as a serum prostate-specific antigen level > 0.2 ng/mL that increased on 2 consecutive occasions that were at least 3 months apart. Secondary end points included 5-year BPFS, overall BPFS, local recurrence, metastasis-free survival (MFS), PC-specific mortality, and overall survival (OS).RESULTSIn total, 788 men were randomly assigned. Median follow-up time was 6.1 years. The overall rates of grade 3 and 4 adverse events during chemotherapy were 26% and 19%, respectively. No difference was seen in 3-year BPFS between neoadjuvant CHT plus RP and RP alone (0.89 v 0.84, respectively; 95% CI for the difference, −0.01 to 0.11; P = .11). Neoadjuvant CHT was associated with improved overall BPFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.99), improved MFS (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.95), and improved OS (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.94) compared with RP alone.CONCLUSIONThe primary study end point, 3-year BPFS, was not met. Although some improvement was seen in secondary end points, any potential benefit must be weighed against toxicity. Our data do not support the routine use of neoadjuvant CHT and RP in patients with clinically localized, high-risk PC at this time.
Pituitary Gangliocytoma Producing TSH and TRH: A Review of “Gangliocytomas of the Sellar Region”
Authors: Sakata Kiyohiko , Fujimori Kana , Komaki Satoru , Furuta Takuya , Sugita Yasuo , Ashida Kenji , Nomura Masatoshi , Morioka Motohiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Pituitary gangliocytomas (GCs) are rare neuronal tumors that present with endocrinological disorders, such as acromegaly, amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome, and Cushing’s disease. Most pituitary GCs coexist with pituitary adenomas pathologically and are diagnosed as mixed gangliocytoma-adenomas. Herein, we report a case of 45-year-old man who presented with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (SITSH) and discuss the pathogenesis of pituitary GCs.

Methods
Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging showed an 8-mm homogeneous and poorly enhanced mass inside the pituitary gland. Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery was performed under a preoperative diagnosis of thyrotroph adenoma. However, the tumor was finally diagnosed as gangliocytoma without an adenomatous component. The tumor was further analyzed via immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Additionally, we searched MEDLINE and PubMed for previously published cases of isolated pituitary GCs and analyzed the reported clinicopathological findings.

Results
The patient showed complete clinical and endocrinological recovery after an operation. The tumor was positive for thyrotropin (TSH), TSH-releasing hormone (TRH), Pit-1, GATA-2, and most neuronal markers. Electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of intracytoplasmic secretory granules and neuronal processes. Co-secreting hypothalamic and pituitary hormone inside the tumor indicated autocrine/paracrine endocrinological stimulation.

Conclusion
Herein, we report a case of SITSH caused by an isolated pituitary gangliocytoma, expressing both TSH and TRH, which, to our best knowledge, is the first reported case of such a condition. The multidirectional differentiation and multihormonal endocrine characteristics of these tumors indicate that they are a member of neuroendocrine neoplasms, further supporting that they are derived from neural crest cells.
IL-6 Response to Psychosocial Stress Predicts 12-month Changes in Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Perimenopausal Women
Authors: Zannas Anthony S , Gordon Jennifer L , Hinderliter Alan L , Girdler Susan S , Rubinow David R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
Cardiometabolic diseases are the number one cause of mortality, accounting for over one third of all deaths in the United States. Cardiometabolic risk further increases with psychosocial stress exposure and during menopausal transition in women. Because disease risk and stress burden are associated with aberrant immune signaling, we hypothesized that responses of interleukin-6 (IL-6) to psychosocial stress may predict longitudinal cardiometabolic outcomes in perimenopausal women.

Methods
We conducted post hoc analyses in 151 perimenopausal or early postmenopausal women participants in a previously completed study. At study onset, participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), and plasma IL-6 was measured repeatedly before and during the 1 hour post-TSST. Subsequently, participants were randomly assigned to either hormonal treatment (HT) or placebo and followed for 12 months to determine longitudinal changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers.

Results
Greater IL-6 reactivity to stress, measured with baseline-adjusted area under the curve, predicted 12-month decrease in flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery (P = 0.0005), a measure of endothelial-dependent vascular function, but not in endothelial-independent function measured with nitroglycerin-mediated dilatation (P = 0.17). Greater baseline IL-6 levels predicted 12-month increase in insulin resistance based on the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance score (P = 0.0045) and in the number of criteria met for metabolic syndrome (P = 0.0008). These predictions were not moderated by HT.

Conclusions
Greater baseline IL-6 levels as well as its reactivity to stress may predict worsening in distinct cardiometabolic biomarkers as women transition to menopause. Interleukin-6 reactivity predicts decline in endothelial-dependent vascular function, whereas baseline IL-6 presages accumulation of metabolic risk.
Response to GH Treatment After Radiation Therapy Depends on Location of Irradiation
Authors: Rose Susan R , Carlsson Martin , Grimberg Adda , Aydin Ferah , Albanese Assunta , Hokken-Koelega Anita C S , Camacho-Hubner Cecilia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Cancer survivors with GH deficiency (GHD) receive GH therapy (GHT) after 1+ year observation to ensure stable tumor status/resolution.

Hypothesis
Radiation therapy (RT) to brain, spine, or extremities alters growth response to GHT.

Aim
Identify differences in growth response to GHT according to type/location of RT.

Methods
The Pfizer International Growth Database was searched for cancer survivors on GHT for ≥5 years. Patient data, grouped by tumor type, were analyzed for therapy (surgery, chemotherapy, RT of the focal central nervous system, cranial, craniospinal, or total body irradiation [TBI] as part of bone marrow transplantation), sex, peak stimulated GH, age at GHT start, and duration from RT to GHT start. Kruskal-Wallis test and quantile regression modeling were performed.

Results
Of 1149 GHD survivors on GHT for ≥5 years (male 733; median age 8.4 years; GH peak 2.8 ng/mL), 431 had craniopharyngioma (251, cranial RT), 224 medulloblastoma (craniospinal RT), 134 leukemia (72 TBI), and 360 other tumors. Median age differed by tumor group (P &lt; 0.001). Five-year delta height SD score (SDS) (5-year ∆HtSDS; median [10th-90th percentile]) was greatest for craniopharyngioma, 1.6 (0.3-3.0); for medulloblastoma, 5-year ∆HtSDS 0.9 (0.0-1.9); for leukemia 5-year ∆HtSDS, after TBI (0.3, 0-0.7) versus without RT (0.5, 0-0.9), direct comparison P &lt; 0.001. Adverse events included 40 treatment-related, but none unexpected.

Conclusions
TBI for leukemia had significant impact on growth response to GHT. Medulloblastoma survivors had intermediate GHT response, whereas craniopharyngioma cranial RT did not alter GHT response. Both craniospinal and epiphyseal irradiation negatively affect growth response to GH therapy compared with only cranial RT or no RT.
Cell death in animal development
Authors: Ghose Piya , Shaham Shai 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Cell death is an important facet of animal development. In some developing tissues, death is the ultimate fate of over 80% of generated cells. Although recent studies have delineated a bewildering number of cell death mechanisms, most have only been observed in pathological contexts, and only a small number drive normal development. This Primer outlines the important roles, different types and molecular players regulating developmental cell death, and discusses recent findings with which the field currently grapples. We also clarify terminology, to distinguish between developmental cell death mechanisms, for which there is evidence for evolutionary selection, and cell death that follows genetic, chemical or physical injury. Finally, we suggest how advances in understanding developmental cell death may provide insights into the molecular basis of developmental abnormalities and pathological cell death in disease.
Prediction models for clear cell renal cell carcinoma ISUP/WHO grade: comparison between CT radiomics and conventional contrast-enhanced CT
Authors: Han Dong , Yu Yong , Yu Nan , Dang Shan , Wu Hongpei , Jialiang Ren , He Taiping 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
Comparing the prediction models for the ISUP/WHO grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) based on CT radiomics and conventional contrast-enhanced CT (CECT).

Methods:
The corticomedullary phase images of 119 cases of low-grade (I and II) and high-grade (III and IV) ccRCC based on 2016 ISUP/WHO pathological grading criteria were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were randomly divided into training and validation set by stratified sampling according to 7:3 ratio. Prediction models of ccRCC differentiation were constructed using CT radiomics and conventional CECT findings in the training setandwere validated using validation set. The discrimination, calibration, net reclassification index (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement index (IDI) of the two prediction models were further compared. The decision curve was used to analyze the net benefit of patients under different probability thresholds of the two models.

Results:
In the training set, the C-statistics of radiomics prediction model was statistically higher than that of CECT (p &lt; 0.05), with NRI of 9.52% and IDI of 21.6%, both with statistical significance (p &lt; 0.01).In the validation set, the C-statistics of radiomics prediction model was also higher but did not show statistical significance (p = 0.07). The NRI and IDI was 14.29 and 33.7%, respectively, both statistically significant (p &lt; 0.01). Validation set decision curve analysis showed the net benefit improvement of CT radiomics prediction model in the range of 3–81% over CECT.

Conclusion:
The prediction model using CT radiomics in corticomedullary phase is more effective for ccRCC ISUP/WHO grade than conventional CECT.

Advances in knowledge:
As a non-invasive analysis method, radiomics can predict the ISUP/WHO grade of ccRCC more effectively than traditional enhanced CT.
COMO APRENDEM OS ESTUDANTES E PROFESSORES DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR: APLICAÇÃO DO INVENTÁRIO DE ESTILOS DE APRENDIZAGEM DE KOLB (1984)
Authors: Abreu José Adailton de , Mendes Josiete Da Silva , Oliveira Maria Edilene de , Cruz Tatyane Veras de Queiroz Ferreira da , Brandão Wanderberg Alves 
Published: July 2020

Aprender e ensinar faz parte da vida do ser humano, constituindo essas ações como um complexo sistema de interação entre professor e estudante dentro do processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Com base nisso, este trabalho analisou como aprendem os membros de uma comunidade acadêmica baseado na teoria de Kolb por meio de uma pesquisa quantitativa descritiva transversal, processando os dados obtidos com o uso de técnicas estatísticas descritivas. Os dados apontaram que os discentes e docentes possuem, como estilo de aprendizagem predominante, o assimilador, estando mais envolvidos com modelos teóricos do que com a vivência prática. Acredita-se que a compreensão dos estilos de aprendizagem enriquece a prática acadêmica, viabilizando o aprendizado, de forma mais significativa, de acordo com o perfil dos estudantes. Ademais, considera-se que a sintonia entre os estilos de aprendizagem dos discentes e docentes parecem contribuir para o bom desempenho desses estudantes.
PERÍODO ACADÊMICO, NÍVEL DE CONSUMO, PLANEJAMENTO FINANCEIRO: COMO ESTÁ A EDUCAÇÃO FINANCEIRA DOS ALUNOS DE GRADUAÇÃO NA UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO JOÃO DEL-REI?
Authors: Silveira Ana Flávia , Ferreira Roberto Do Nascimento , Almeida Mário Sérgio de 
Published: July 2020

Educação financeira é um tema objeto de estudos no meio acadêmico, representando, também, iniciativas de instituições dos mercados financeiros e de capitais. Pesquisas têm demonstrado que a falta de conhecimento ou preocupação com a educação financeira atinge, também, os alunos universitários. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o conhecimento dos graduandos de Administração e Ciências Contábeis da UFSJ sobre Educação Financeira. A metodologia utilizada constou da aplicação de questionário estruturado aos alunos dos dois cursos (noturno e integral). Os dados foram analisados por meio de planilhas eletrônicas do Microsoft Excel®. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria dos alunos (52,6%) considera ter algum conhecimento sobre Educação Financeira. Para 16,3%, a fonte de conhecimento sobre o tema é a experiência prática. Concluiu-se que os discentes têm algum conhecimento sobre Educação Financeira, mas não de forma aprofundada. Observou-se uma preocupação com os gastos imediatos, sem, no entanto, realizar um planejamento.
O CONSUMO COLABORATIVO E A GERAÇÃO Y
Authors: Ferreira Sara Raquel de Melo , Ferreira Érika De Araújo , Oliveira Maria Gleiciene Rodrigues 
Published: July 2020

O consumo colaborativo surge com a proposta de acesso a bens e serviços sem, necessariamente, a aquisição do produto ou a troca monetária para seu uso. Atualmente, existem vários modelos de negócios que estão ancorados nesse conceito, como compartilhamento de bicicletas e carros, hospedagem, sistema de caronas, espaços de trabalho etc. O presente estudo visa analisar como a geração y se relaciona com o consumo colaborativo, mediante uma pesquisa quantitativa e questionário aplicado por meio da ferramenta google forms. Os dados foram analisados pelo software SPSS, utilizando as técnicas estatísticas média, desvio padrão e análise fatorial. Como resultado, constatou-se que existe uma predominância do gênero feminino, solteiros, com ensino superior incompleto/cursando, e que possuem conhecimento sobre o conceito de consumo colaborativo. Os fatores que mais influenciam no comportamento de consumo desses serviços são o financeiro e o socialmente responsável.
Comparative response of Desmopressin versus Combination Therapy (Desmopressin + Oxybutynin) in Children with Nocturnal Enuresis
Authors: Kazi Asiya , Moorani Kemchand N , Zehra Shabih , Zaidi Ijaz Hussain 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To assess the safety as well as efficacy of desmopressin monotherapy alone and in combination (desmopressin + oxybutynin) in treating nocturnal urinary incontinence among children with 7 to 13 years.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial has been carried out in National Institute of Child Health from September 2018 to March 2019 with the utilization of convenient sampling technique. Data has been collected after taking ethical approval and informed consent of the Parents with complete confidentiality. The sample size was 84 and equal number of patients was divided in two groups. Group-I was given desmopressin at monotherapy at a dose of 0.2 mg and Group-II was given desmopressin and oxybutynin at the dose of 0.2 mg desmopressin and 5 mg oxybutynin patients were diagnosed on the basis of history. Routine lab investigation included Urine DR and ultrasound abdomen.
Results: In this study significant differences between two groups were found with respect to socio economic status, lack of education of parents (P Less than 0.05). The frequency, urgency and incontinence of this ailment was significantly controlled by combination therapy (desmopressin + oxybutynin) as compared to desmopressin as monotherapy (P Less than 0.05) as patient was followed after one, two and three monthly basis.
Conclusion: Desmopressin combination with oxybutynin is more effective as compared to monotherapy treatment. The affectivity of the combination therapy was very high with least side effects and all the children recovered from the condition at third month of treatment. Furthermore, headache was observed to be common with monotherapy and loss of appetite was observed with combination therapy.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.1957
How to cite this:Kazi A, Moorani KN, Zehra S, Zaidi IH. Comparative response of Desmopressin versus Combination Therapy (Desmopressin + Oxybutynin) in Children with Nocturnal Enuresis. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1263-1269. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.1957
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Impact of hearing impairment on psychological distress and subjective well-being in older adults
Authors: Niazi Yasmeen , Ejaz Bisma , Muazzam Amina 
Published: July 2020

Objective: The main objective of this study was to explore the impact of hearing impairment on psychological distress and subjective well-being in older adults with hearing impairment.
Methods: The study with cross sectional research design was conducted in three public sector hospitals of Lahore, from February 2017 to June 2017. Participants of the study were adults aged 50-90 years and with hearing impairment, selected through non-probability sampling technique. Demographic Information sheet, Kessler psychological distress scale by Kessler, Mroczek. in 1992 and Satisfaction with life scale by Diener, Emmons, Larsen, Griffin in 1985 were used for data collection. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data.
Results: There were 200 participants with age ranged from 53 to 89 years (M= 65.92, SD= 9.70). Of the total, 100 (50%) subjects were men and 100 (50%) were women. Significant gender differences were found in psychological distress, with men reflecting more symptoms of psychological distress (p<0.01), whereas non-significant gender differences were found in case of subjective well-being (p>0.05). Moreover, psychological distress was observed as a predictor of subjective well-being (p<0.01). One-way analysis of variance revealed insignificant differences of psychological distress and subjective well-being across three levels of hearing impairment.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis and rehabilitation of age-related hearing loss improves the overall quality of life of older adults living with hearing impairment.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2457
How to cite this:Niazi Y, Ejaz B, Muazzam A. Impact of hearing impairment on psychological distress and subjective well-being in older adults. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1210-1215. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2457
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Χρονολόγηση οργανικών υλικών με τη μέθοδο του ραδιενεργού άνθρακα-14
Authors: Θεοδωρόπουλος Ηλίας , Μπούρχα Ιωάννα , Μανιάτης Γιάννης , Παπατσίμπα Λαμπρινή 
Published: July 2020

Στην παρούσα εργασία θα ασχοληθούμε με τον προσδιορισμό της ημερολογιακής ηλικίας δειγμάτων (βαθμονόμηση) από αρχαιολογικές ανασκαφές στην Ελλάδα. Το ερευνητικό ερώτημα που θέσαμε είναι: Με ποιο τρόπο θα προσδιορίσω την ημερολογιακή ηλικία δειγμάτων από αρχαιολογικές ανασκαφές στα οποία έχει μετρηθεί η περιεκτικότητα σε άνθρακα-14; Η μεθοδολογία που εφαρμόσαμε βασίζεται στο γεγονός ότι κάθε έμβιος οργανισμός όσο ζει διατηρεί σταθερή την περιεκτικότητα του άνθρακα-14 στους ιστούς του. Αμέσως μετά τον θάνατο του αυτή η περιεκτικότητα μειώνεται εκθετικά με τον χρόνο. Το χρονικό διάστημα (t) από την στιγμή του θανάτου του έμβιου οργανισμού προσδιορίζεται από τη σχέση: t=8033∙lnNΝ0 (1), όπου Ν η περιεκτικότητα σε άνθρακα-14 του δείγματος προς χρονολόγηση και Ν0 η περιεκτικότητα όταν ο οργανισμός ήταν ζωντανός. Ο χρόνος που προσδιορίζεται από τη σχέση (1) ονομάζεται ηλικία σε έτη άνθρακα-14. Στην πραγματικότητα, όμως, η Ν0 μεταβάλλεται με το χρόνο, λόγω μεταβολής του μαγνητικού πεδίου της Γης και της δραστηριότητας του ήλιου. Τα παραπάνω επηρεάζουν την παραγωγή του άνθρακα-14 άρα και την απορρόφηση του από τους οργανισμούς. Επομένως, ο χρόνος που προσδιορίζεται σε έτη άνθρακα-14 δεν αντιστοιχεί στον ημερολογιακό χρόνο. Για να μετατρέψουμε τα έτη άνθρακα-14 σε ημερολογιακά χρησιμοποιούμε τη καμπύλη βαθμονόμησης και το λογισμικό Origin.