bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A standardized model to study effects of varying 24-h colostrum dose on postnatal growth and development
Authors: Suárez-Trujillo Aridany , Senn L Kirsten , Teeple Kelsey , Casey Theresa M , Stewart Kara R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Survival, feed efficiency, growth, and fertility of swine are dependent on colostrum intake in the first 24 h after birth. This study determined the effects of three doses of a homogeneous colostrum sample on 24-h body weight, rectal temperature (RT), immunocrit, and growth and survival to postnatal day (PND) 7. Three female piglets were selected from eight litters (n = 24 piglets) at birth, removed from their litter, and bottle-fed 10% (COL10, n = 8), 15% (COL15, n = 8), or 20% (COL20, n = 8) colostrum based on birth weight over 12 bottle feedings every 2 h. At 24 h, piglets were weighed, RT recorded, and blood was collected to measure immunocrit. Piglets were returned to the litter of origin, and weight was measured daily until PND 7. Colostrum dose had an overall effect on weight gain at 24 h, RT, immunocrit, and growth to PND 7 (P &lt; 0.05). Piglets in the 20% BrW colostrum group had greater weight gain, RT, and immunocrit at 24 h than COL10 piglets (P &lt; 0.05), but these variables were not different between COL15 and the other treatments. Despite no difference in average daily gain after being returned to their litters, the greater weight (P &lt; 0.05) in COL20 compared to COL10 and COL15 was sustained over 7 d. Seven piglets in each treatment survived to PND 7. This model using standardized doses of a homogeneous colostrum sample enables controlled studies aimed at understanding the role of 24-h colostrum intake on piglet development.
The Association of α Angle on Disease Severity in Adolescent Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Youngman Tyler R. , Wagner K. John , Montanez Benjamin , Johnson Benjamin L. , Wilson Phillip L. , Morris William Z. , Sucato Daniel J. , Podeszwa David A. , Ellis Henry B. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) is a common cause of hip pain in adolescent patients. Clinical exam and radiographic markers, such as α angle and lateral center edge angle (LCEA), are commonly used to aid in the diagnosis of this condition. The purpose of this study was to correlate preoperative α angle and LCEA with preoperative symptoms, intraoperative findings, and preoperative and postoperative patient reported outcomes (PROs) in the adolescent patient.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was conducted for all patients who underwent operative intervention for FAI at an academic institution over an 11-year period. Preoperative imaging was obtained and measured for LCEA and α angle. PROs (modified Harris Hip Score, Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and UCLA score) were collected preoperatively, as well as 1, 2, and 5 years postoperatively. Operative intervention was either open surgical hip dislocation or arthroscopic, and intraoperative disease was graded using the Beck Classification system. Patients with minimum 1-year follow-up were included in statistical analysis.

Results:
There were 86 hips (64 female hips) included with an average age of 16.3 years (range, 10.4 to 20.5 y), with an average of 37 months of follow-up. There was no correlation between severity of preoperative symptoms or difference between pre and postoperative PROs for both α angle and LCEA. Overall, significant improvement was noted in modified Harris Hip Score, Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and UCLA Score (P<0.001 for each). Independent of preoperative symptoms, increased α angle correlated with more severe intraoperative labral disease (P<0.001), and longer length of labral tear (Corr 0.295, P<0.01). Femoral head and acetabular articular cartilage damage did not correlate with α angle or LCEA, nor did overall severity of disease.

Conclusions:
In adolescent patients with FAI, increased α angle was found to significantly correlate with labral pathology, including increased length of tear and severity of disease, irrespective of preoperative symptoms or postoperative patient reported outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective.
Differential impact of keratinocytes and fibroblasts on nociceptor degeneration and sensitization in small fiber neuropathy
Authors: Kreß Luisa , Hofmann Lukas , Klein Thomas , Klug Katharina , Saffer Nadine , Spitzel Marlene , Bär Frederik , Sommer Claudia , Karl Franziska , Üçeyler Nurcan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Peripheral denervation and pain are hallmarks of small fiber neuropathy (SFN). We investigated the contribution of skin cells on nociceptor degeneration and sensitization. We recruited 56 patients with SFN and 31 healthy controls and collected skin punch biopsies for immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical analysis of netrin-1 (NTN1) and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression patterns. We further applied coculture systems with murine dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons for skin cell–nerve interaction studies and patch-clamp analysis. Human keratinocytes attract murine DRG neuron neurites, and the gene expression of the axon guidance cue NTN1 is higher in keratinocytes of patients with SFN than in controls. NTN1 slows and reduces murine sensory neurite outgrowth in vitro, but does not alter keratinocyte cytokine expression. In the naive state, keratinocytes of patients with SFN show a higher expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (P < 0.05), while fibroblasts display higher expression of the algesic cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 (P < 0.01) and IL-8 (P < 0.05). IL-6 incubation of murine DRG neurons leads to an increase in action potential firing rates compared with baseline (P < 0.01). Our data provide evidence for a differential effect of keratinocytes and fibroblasts on nociceptor degeneration and sensitization in SFN compared with healthy controls and further supports the concept of cutaneous nociception.
Characteristics and perceptions of the US nurse practitioner hospitalist workforce
Authors: Kaplan Louise , Klein Tracy A. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
The use of nurse practitioners (NPs) as hospitalists has grown over the last two decades. Based on current educational preparation, certification, and scope of practice, the acute care NP is considered by professional standards the best prepared to care for the needs of acutely and critically ill patients. Little is known about this sector of the NP workforce.

Purpose:
The study was designed to identify the NP hospitalist workforce's characteristics and describe the NP hospitalist workforce's perception of the work environment.

Methods:
We deployed five questions in the 2019 American Association of Nurse Practitioners National NP Sample Survey. Of 880 respondents working in an eligible inpatient setting, 366 responded that they work as hospitalists caring for adult patients.

Results:
Most respondents (n = 275, 74.7%) were certified in primary care. On-the-job training was the most common qualification to be an NP hospitalist (n = 274, 75%). The majority (n = 252, 68.9%) had a collaborative relationship with a physician at their site. Job satisfaction was significantly correlated with full utilization of one's education and practicing to the fullest extent of the state's scope of practice with an r(360) = .719, p = .00 (two-tailed).

Implications for practice:
The prevalence of on-the-job training as the most common preparation for the hospitalist role suggests a need to evaluate the effectiveness and outcomes of NPs not initially educated as acute care NPs who work as hospitalists. Nurse practitioner educators should address the evolving workforce needs of both primary and acute care practice when planning and implementing educational programs.
The millennial engagement, resiliency and retention study: What does your millennial advanced practice registered nurse workforce really want?
Authors: Harris Marianne D. , Williams Lisa M. , Duke Rebecca 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Increasing the use of advanced practice nurses may be one of the most viable options to meeting the burgeoning health care demands of older Americans and impending provider shortage over the next two decades. However, keeping the millennial workforce engaged and retained continues to be a significant challenge for health care administrators.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to understand the intergenerational advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) workforce and assess what job satisfaction factors impact APRN intention to stay, and explore how variables such as resiliency style and age affect retention in these young careerists.

Methods:
This was a single-center, cross-sectional descriptive study using survey methodology. A total of 405 APRNs from all specialties and practice sites from a large Midwestern Academic Medical Center were eligible to participate. A total of 165 APRNs completed the survey, which was a 41% response rate.

Results:
There were no significant differences in mean resiliency scores by age cohort (p > .05) or a higher intention to leave in millennial-aged APRNs versus older APRNs (p > .05); however, there were significant mean differences in job satisfaction responses that warrant consideration in millennial versus older “baby boomer” APRNs on items such as professional growth, compensation, monetary bonuses, and expanding procedures and skills within scope of practice.

Implications for practice:
Understanding generational differences in APRN job satisfaction assists hospital leaders to develop strategies to support, engage, and retain younger careerists, which may help mitigate turnover.
Effects of heparinoid bridging in patients with mechanical heart valves
Authors: Torres Michelle 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Patients with mechanical heart valves (MHVs) require long-term oral anticoagulation therapy to protect against thromboembolisms. Invasive procedures with high bleeding risks require oral anticoagulation therapy cessation. Currently, guidelines recommend the use of either subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin or intravenous unfractionated heparin in the perioperative period. It is unclear whether the evidence supports the use of one heparinoid over the other.

Objectives:
To compare the effectiveness of low-molecular-weight heparin and unfractionated heparin bridging based on the adverse outcomes of thromboembolisms, major bleeding, and death during the perioperative period.

Date sources:
A literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. Five studies comparing the two bridging therapies in chronically anticoagulated MHV patients met the inclusion criteria.

Conclusions:
No statistical significance was found for the endpoints of thromboembolism and death. One study found a statistically significant higher occurrence of major bleeding in patients treated with unfractionated heparin. In all the studies, major bleeding occurred more often than thromboembolisms. Findings were limited by the study designs and methodologies.

Implications for practice:
Based on the available evidence, neither low-molecular-weight heparin nor intravenous heparin bridging was found to be more effective in reducing the occurrence of adverse events. This may be due in part to the study designs and lack of standardized bridging protocols used in the studies reviewed. Nurse practitioners should remain informed about bridging protocols and weigh the risk versus benefit of each bridging agent when caring for patients with MHVs.
Military parents' perceptions of separation for their younger children
Authors: Agazio Janice , Cunningham Craig A. , Amos-Mejia Danielle 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Many studies are available in the literature considering effects of deployment on older school age and adolescent children, but less is known about the effects on younger children. The purpose of this study was to describe the experience of deployment/separation for military children aged 4–10 years from both the deployed parent and stay-at-home parent's experiences. Parents completed demographics followed by an interview to describe the child's reaction to separation. Thematic analysis was used to identify children's reactions and intervention strategies. Thirty-eight families, encompassing 57 children aged 4–10 who experienced a separation or deployment within the past 2 years participated. Interviews included 24 military members and 34 spouses (most frequently the mothers) completed the interview and research instruments. Interview data revealed a turbulent experience for families resulting from frequent and repeated separations. Parents actively employed strategies garnered from military-provided materials and informal interaction with other military parents. The different perspectives provided new insights as to the strategies military families find successful during separations and will be useful in providing anticipatory guidance.
Otosclerosis in an Urban Population
Authors: Choi Jonathan S. , Sweeney Alex D. , Alava Ibrahim , Lovin Benjamin D. , Lindquist Nathan R. , Appelbaum Eric N. , Vrabec Jeffrey T. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To investigate the evolving prevalence of otosclerosis in a large urban population.

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients in a large, urban, public health system was conducted from January 2010 to August 2019 to identify subjects with otosclerosis. Diagnostic testing included audiometry and computed tomography scans. Sex, age at diagnosis, treatment received, race, ethnicity, and country of birth were analyzed for each subject and compared with all eligible patients in the reference population.

Results:
A total of 134 patients from a reference population of 672,839 were diagnosed with otosclerosis and analyzed. The otosclerosis patients were predominantly Hispanic (73%), of which the majority were foreign born (87%). The average age at onset was 46 years and 59% were women. The overall prevalence of otosclerosis was 20 of 100,000 patients. The crude prevalence of otosclerosis by ethnicity was 43 of 100,000 for Hispanics, 12.6 of 100,000 for Caucasians, and 3 of 100,000 for African Americans. Within the Hispanic population, the prevalence of otosclerosis was 60 of 100,000 for foreign-born individuals and 16 of 100,000 for those born in the USA (odds ratio [OR] = 3.69, [95% confidence interval [CI], 2.02–6.76], p < 0.0001). Prevalence was not significantly different among Caucasians and US-born Hispanics.

Conclusion:
Otosclerosis in the studied population was most common among Hispanic patients, though it was strongly influenced by country of birth. The “imported” otosclerosis cases are best explained by environmental influence rather than ethnic susceptibility. This discrepancy is likely due to variance in measles immunization rates among North and Central American countries before 1990.
Assessing the Impact of EQ-5D Country-specific Value Sets on Cost-utility Outcomes
Authors: van Dongen Johanna M. , Jornada Ben Ângela , Finch Aureliano P. , Rossenaar Milou M.M. , Biesheuvel-Leliefeld Karolien E.M. , Apeldoorn Adrie T. , Ostelo Raymond W.J.G. , van Tulder Maurits W. , van Marwijk Harm W.J. , Bosmans Judith E. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To assess the impact of EQ-5D country-specific value sets on cost-utility outcomes.

Methods:
Data from 2 randomized controlled trials on low back pain (LBP) and depression were used. 3L value sets were identified from the EuroQol Web site. A nonparametric crosswalk was employed for each tariff to obtain the likely 5L values. Differences in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) between countries were tested using paired t tests, with United Kingdom as reference. Cost-utility outcomes were estimated for both studies and both EQ-5D versions, including differences in QALYs and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves.

Results:
For the 3L, QALYs ranged between 0.650 (Taiwan) and 0.892 (United States) in the LBP study and between 0.619 (Taiwan) and 0.879 (United States) in the depression study. In both studies, most country-specific QALY estimates differed statistically significantly from that of the United Kingdom. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ranged between €2044/QALY (Taiwan) and €5897/QALY (Zimbabwe) in the LBP study and between €38,287/QALY (Singapore) and €96,550/QALY (Japan) in the depression study. At the NICE threshold of €23,300/QALY (≈£20,000/QALY), the intervention’s probability of being cost-effective versus control ranged between 0.751 (Zimbabwe) and 0.952 (Taiwan) and between 0.230 (Canada) and 0.396 (Singapore) in the LBP study and depression study, respectively. Similar results were found for the 5L, with extensive differences in ICERs and moderate differences in the probability of cost-effectiveness.

Conclusions:
This study indicates that the use of different EQ-5D country-specific value sets impacts on cost-utility outcomes. Therefore, to account for the fact that health state preferences are affected by sociocultural differences, relevant country-specific value sets should be used.
Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis With Intense Uptake of 68Ga-Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor and 18F-FDG
Authors: Pan Qingqing , Luo Yaping , Zhang Wen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A 26-year-old man presented with a retroperitoneal mass with left urinary tract obstruction and hydronephrosis recently. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed the retroperitoneal mass had intense and homogeneous FDG avidity. In 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT, the retroperitoneal mass showed intense radioactivity without other organ involvements. The patient was finally diagnosed with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. After treatment, the follow-up CT showed significant decrease in size of the retroperitoneal mass. The current case indicated that idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis had active uptake of 68Ga-FAPI.
Hypocalcemia in trauma patients: A systematic review
Authors: Vasudeva Mayank , Mathew Joseph K. , Groombridge Christopher , Tee Jin W. , Johnny Cecil S. , Maini Amit , Fitzgerald Mark C. 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND
During hemorrhagic shock and subsequent resuscitation, pathways reliant upon calcium such as platelet function, intrinsic and extrinsic hemostasis, and cardiac contractility are disrupted. The objective of this systematic review was to examine current literature for associations between pretransfusion, admission ionized hypocalcemia, and composite outcomes including mortality, blood transfusion requirements, and coagulopathy in adult trauma patients.

METHODS
This review was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. We searched Ovid MEDLINE and grey literature from database inception till May 3, 2020. Case series and reports were excluded. Reference lists of appraised studies were also screened for articles that the aforementioned databases might not have captured. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality.

RESULTS
A total of 585 abstracts were screened through database searching and alternative sources. Six unique full-text studies were reviewed, of which three were excluded. Admission ionized hypocalcemia was present in up to 56.2% of the population in studies included in this review. Admission ionized hypocalcemia was also associated with increased mortality in all three studies, with increased blood transfusion requirements in two studies, and with coagulopathy in one study.

CONCLUSION
Hypocalcemia is a common finding in shocked trauma patients. While an association between admission ionized hypocalcemia and mortality, blood transfusion requirements, and coagulopathy has been identified, further prospective trials are essential to corroborating this association.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Systematic review, level III.
Mortality Rates in Transplant Recipients and Transplantation Candidates in a High-prevalence COVID-19 Environment
Authors: Mamode Nizam , Ahmed Zubir , Jones Gareth , Banga Neal , Motallebzadeh Reza , Tolley Hannah , Marks Steve , Stojanovic Jelena , Khurram Muhammad A. , Thuraisingham Raj , Popoola Joyce , Ghazanfar Abbas , Game David , Sran Kiran , Dor Frank J.M.F. , Lucisano Gaetano , Sinha Manish , Olsburgh Jonathon , Willicombe Michelle 
Published: November 2020

Background.
The risk of COVID-19 infection in transplant recipients (TRs) is unknown. Patients on dialysis may be exposed to greater risk of infection due to an inability to isolate. Consideration of these competing risks is important before restarting suspended transplant programs. This study compared outcomes in kidney and kidney/pancreas TRs with those on the waiting list, following admission with COVID-19 in a high-prevalence region.

Methods.
Audit data from all 6 London transplant centers were amalgamated. Demographic and laboratory data were collected and outcomes included mortality, intensive care (ITU) admission, and ventilation. Adult patients who had undergone a kidney or kidney/pancreas transplant, and those active on the transplant waiting list at the start of the pandemic were included.

Results.
One hundred twenty-one TRs and 52 waiting list patients (WL) were admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Thirty-six TR died (30%), while 14 WL patients died (27% P = 0.71). There was no difference in rates of admission to ITU or ventilation. Twenty-four percent of TR required renal replacement therapy, and 12% lost their grafts. Lymphocyte nadir and D-dimer peak showed no difference in those who did and did not die. No other comorbidities or demographic factors were associated with mortality, except for age (odds ratio of 4.3 [95% CI 1.8-10.2] for mortality if aged over 60 y) in TR.

Conclusions.
TRs and waiting list patients have similar mortality rates after hospital admission with COVID-19. Mortality was higher in older TRs. These data should inform decisions about transplantation in the COVID era.
Temporal Associations between Community Incidence of COVID-19 and Nursing Home Outbreaks in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Malikov Kamil , Huang Qing , Shi Shengli , Stall Nathan M. , Tuite Ashleigh R. , Hillmer Michael P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe risk of nursing home COVID-19 outbreaks is strongly associated with the rate of infection in the communities surrounding homes, yet the temporal relationship between rising rates of community COVID-19 infection and the risk threshold for subsequent nursing home COVID-19 outbreaks is not well defined. This population-based cohort study included all COVID-19 cases in Canada’s most populous Province of Ontario between March 1-July 16, 2020. We evaluated the temporal relationship between trends in the number of active community COVID-19 cases and the number of nursing home outbreaks. We found that the average lag time between community cases and nursing home outbreaks was 23 days for Ontario overall, with substantial variability across geographic regions. We also determined thresholds of community incidence of COVID-19 associated with a 75% probability of observing a nursing home outbreak 5, 10 and 15 days into the future. For the province overall, when daily active COVID-19 community cases are 2.30 per 100,000 population, there is a 75% probability of a nursing home outbreak occurring five days later.