bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Evaluation of a New Assessment Tool for Myelopathy Hand Using Virtual Reality
Authors: Su Xin-Jin , Lv Zheng-Dong , Zhang Wei-Zhong , Hou Cang-Long , Li Quan , Hong-Xing Shen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Impairment of hand function in myelopathy patients is commonly observed. However, no objective and effective method is widely accepted in clinical practice.Objective: To evaluate the validity, reliability and effectiveness of a new assessment tool, Myelopathy-hand Functional Evaluation System (MFES), in evaluating the hand function in the 10-s hand grip-and-release test (10s G-R test).Methods: MFES is mainly composed of a pair of wise-gloves and a computer with software. All included patients received optimal surgery treatment. The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores were performed and the hand function was evaluated using MFES before operation, and 6 months after surgery. All patients were asked to perform the 10s G-R test and the hand movements were simulated and converted into waveforms by MFES. The waveform parameters were measured and analyzed. The validity and test-retest reliability were assessed.Results: The Bland-Altman showed significant agreement with a low bias and narrow limits of agreement. The test-retest reliability was high with a significant value (r=0.911). The JOA scores and the number of G-R cycles significantly in postoperative increased. Correspondingly, the waveforms of ulnar three fingers were significantly higher and narrower, along with the significantly declined average time per cycle in postoperative. The number of the first five-second segment (N1) was significantly higher than the second-five segment (N2) in postoperative, indicating the recovery of spinal cord function after surgery. The preoperative number of cycles was positively correlated with the improvement rates of JOA scores. And the increased number of cycles was significantly correlated with the improvement rates of JOA scores.Conclusion: MFES is a reliable and valid assessment tool for myelopathy hand, which can detect small changes of neurological function after decompression surgery.
Identification of Potential Prognostic Biomarkers for Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Mi , Zhang Sihui , Wu Ling , Li Dexiong , Chen Jiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is one of the most common types of oral cancer and has a poor prognosis owing to a limited understanding of the pathogenesis mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to explore and identify potential biomarkers in TSCC by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Methods: The RNA sequencing data and clinical characteristics of TSCC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and then differentially expressed RNAs (DERNAs), including differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (DElncRNAs) and differentially expressed messenger RNAs (DEmRNAs), were identified in TSCC by bioinformatics analysis. Subsequently, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Hallmark pathway analyses were used to analyze the DERNAs. Using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, four-lncRNA and two-mRNA signatures were developed and used for predicting survival in TSCC patients. We established a risk model to predict the overall survival (OS) of TSCC patients based on the DERNAs with Kaplan–Meier analysis and the log-rank p test. Furthermore, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed in Cytoscape, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established in the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database. Results: A total of 2,006 DEmRNAs and 1,001 DElncRNAs were found to be dysregulated in TSCC. A total of 417 DERNAs were used to construct the coexpression network, and the PPI network included 103 DEmRNAs. Univariate regression analysis of the DERNAs revealed 51 DElncRNAs and 90 DEmRNAs that were associated with OS in TSCC patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that four of those lncRNAs (MGC32805, RP1-35C21.2, RP11-108K3.1, RP11-109M17.2) and two mRNAs (CA9, GTSF1L) had significant prognostic value, and their cumulative risk score indicated that these four-lncRNA and two-mRNA signatures independently predicted OS in TSCC patients. Conclusions: The current findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of TSCC and identify four lncRNAs and two mRNAs that are potential biomarkers that may be independent prognostic signatures for TSCC diagnosis and treatment.
Water safety in drought: an indigenous knowledge-based qualitative study
Authors: Fatehpanah Azadeh , Jahangiri Katayoun , Seyedin Seyed Hesam , Kavousi Amir , Malekinezhad Hossein 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe indigenous knowledge of our ancestors provides valuable information on how to prevent negative health impacts on water hygiene in the event of drought. The present study aimed to explore the role of indigenous knowledge in maintaining water safety in drought conditions. A qualitative content analysis method using in-depth semi-structured interviews was used to collect and analyze the data. The current research was carried out from April 2017 to June 2018. A purposive sampling method was used to select 15 participants. Trustworthiness was applied with the Lincoln and Guba approach and data were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman's method. Two categories including drinking water storage and water collection were extracted from the data. Each category includes different strategies to deal with water. Water storage includes water quantity and water quality. Water collection consists of collection methods and rules. Indigenous knowledge is an indispensable component of community disaster resilience. It can be transferred to other communities and employed to empower affected communities. But using the knowledge without scientific considerations cannot guarantee peoples' health throughout the drought periods.
High-rate algal pond for removal of pharmaceutical compounds from urban domestic wastewater under tropical conditions. Case study: Santiago de Cali, Colombia
Authors: Jiménez-Bambague Eliana M. , Madera-Parra Carlos A. , Ortiz-Escobar Aura C. , Morales-Acosta Paola A. , Peña-Salamanca Enrique J. , Machuca-Martínez Fiderman 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study evaluated the capacity of a pilot-scale high-rate algal pond (HRAP) to remove pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) from domestic wastewater in the city of Santiago de Cali, Colombia. The compounds analyzed included antiepileptics, hypolipidemic drugs, tranquilizers and analgesics, and anti-inflammatory drugs. The HRAP operated under a continuous water flow of 0.2 m3d−1 and a 3-day hydraulic retention time (HRT). Removal efficiencies were high (&gt;70%) for fenofibric acid, ibuprofen, and paracetamol; medium (30–70%) for gabapentin, lamotrigine, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, diclofenac, ketoprofen, naproxen, and pentoxifylline; and low (&lt;30%) for carbamazepine and its metabolite 10,11-Dihidro-10,11-dihidroxicarbamazepine (CBZ-Diol). The findings herein are similar to other studies, but were obtained with a shorter HRT. These results show that tropical environmental conditions favor photodegradation and contribute to the development of microalgae and the biodegradation process. Twenty microalgae species were identified, with the phylum Chlorophyta as the most abundant, particularly due to its natural introduction. The removal of the PCs also reflected a percentage reduction (&gt;50%) in the ecological hazard posed by most of the compounds, although it is important to note that the hazard from gemfibrozil and ibuprofen remained high even after treatment, indicating the need for complementary treatment.
A Five-microRNA Signature as Risk Stratification System in Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Zhichao , Huang Xiaoyuan , Lv Yufeng , Fang Yuan , Pan Lili , Gan Zuhuan , Huang Zhong , Wei Wenhao 
Published: August 2020

Background:
MicroRNAs (miRs) have been shown to play important roles in various
cancers and may be a reliable prognostic marker. However, its prognostic value in endometrial
carcinoma (UCEC) needs to be further explored.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to create a miR-based signature to effectively predict the
prognosis for patients with uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC).

Methods:
Using UCEC data set in TCGA, we identified differentially expressed miRs between
UCEC and healthy endometrial tissues. The LASSO method was used to construct a miR-based
signature prognosis index for predicting prognosis in the training cohort. The miR-based signature
prognosis index was validated in an independent test cohort. MiRNet tool was applied to perform
functional enrichment analysis of this miR-based signature.

Results:
A total of 208 miRs were differentially expressed between UCEC and healthy endometrial
tissues. Five miRs (miR-652, miR-3170, miR-195, miR-34a, and miR-934) were identified to
generate a prognosis index (PI). The five-miR signature is a promising biomarker for predicting the
5-year-survival rate of UCEC with AUC = 0.730. The PI remained an independent prognostic
factor adjusted by routine clinicopathologic factors. Using the PI, we could successfully identify
the high-risk individuals, furthermore, it still worked in an independent test cohort. The five miRs
involved in various pathways associated with cancer.

Conclusions:
We proposed and validated a five-miR signature that could serve as an independent
prognostic predictor of UCECs.
Pentamethylquercetin Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Adipocytes-induced PD-L1 Expression via IFN-γ Signaling
Authors: Li Zhi , Gao Wen-Qi , Wang Peng , Wang Tian-Qi , Xu Wen-Chao , Zhu Xin-Yu , Liu Hui 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of types of cancer.
Programmed death 1 and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) play a crucial role in tumor
immune escape. Although, the role of PD-L1 in obesity-associated hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC) remains unknown. We previously showed that the natural flavonoid pentamethylquercetin
(PMQ) possesses anti-obesity properties.

Objective:
This study was designed to investigate the effects of PMQ on the development of HCC
in obese mice and whether PMQ regulates PD-L1 and expression in HCC.

Methods:
Monosodium glutamate-induced obese mice were inoculated with H22 tumor cells. Tumor
volumes and weights were measured. In vitro, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated and
lipid accumulation was measured by oil-red staining, and IFN-γ level was detected by Elisa. Hepatoma
HepG2 cells were treated with conditional media from 3T3-L1 adipocytes (adi-CM). Western
blotting was applied to detect PD-L1 protein levels in tumor tissue and HepG2 cells.

Results:
Compared with control mice, H22 tumors grew faster and exhibited higher PD-L1 protein
levels in obese mice. PMQ inhibited H22 tumor growth and reduced PD-L1 expression in tumor tissues.
PD-L1 protein level was elevated in adi-CM-treated HepG2 cells. IFN-γ was detectable in
adi-CM and exogenous IFN-γ induced PD-L1 expression in HepG2 cells. PMQ affected the differentiation
of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, decreased the level of IFN-γ secreted by adipocytes and downregulated
adi-CM-induced PD-L1 expression in HepG2 cells.

Conclusion:
PMQ could inhibit HCC progression in obese mice at least in part through down-regulating
adipocytes-induced PD-L1 expression via IFN-γ signaling.
Identification of Antimycobacterial Agent Using In Silico Virtual Screening,
ADME Prediction, Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Approach
Authors: Tripathy Swayansiddha , Sahu Susanta Kumar , Azam Mohammed Afzal , Jupudi Srikanth , Gupta Vivek Kumar , Sharma Shweta 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The widespread hazardous issue of antibiotics resistance can be overcome by the development of target based potent antibacterial agents. Filamentous temperature-sensitive mutant Z (FtsZ), a simpler structural prokaryotic homolog of eukaryotic cytoskeletal tubulin, was considered as a competent target in antibacterial drug discovery.

Objective:
The purpose of present work is to evaluate the antitubercular activity of virtual hits by funnel-shaped filtering with glide docking followed by MM-GBSA binding energy and molecular dynamics simulation. Pharmacokinetics and biochemical activity of the computationally screened virtual hits have been studied to focus their potential to inhibit the bacterial cell division.

Method:
The docking study was performed against the crystal structure of Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis FtsZ protein with the hits obtained from High Throughput Virtual Screening using Glide module in Schrodinger. ADME profile and 50 ns molecular dynamics simulationstudies were performed using the Schrödinger suite. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the test compounds were determined bythe colorimetric method by Resazurin Microtiter plate Assay.

Results:
The binding of hit molecules T5427054 and 6M356S were mainly supported by van der Waals interaction and an electrostatic component of solvation energycomputed by MM-GBSA method. 50 ns MD simulation built stability and dynamic property of the best-docked complex T5427054/2Q1Y. Both the hit molecules displayed antimycobacterial activity with minimal inhibitory concentration 500 μg/mL.

Conclusion:
In this study, it is found that new screened hit molecules with better theoretical results could be preferred to use as antimycobacterial agents and further their structural modification might be improved antimycobacterial properties of hit molecules.
The Antitumor Efficiency of Zinc Finger Nuclease Combined with Cisplatin and Trichostatin A in Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Ren Ci , Gao Chun , Li Xiaomin , Xiong Jinfeng , Shen Hui , Wang Liming , Zhu Da , Wu Peng , Ding Wencheng , Wang Hui 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Persistent infection with the high-risk of human papillomavirus (HR-HPVs) is the
primary etiological factor of cervical cancer; HR-HPVs express oncoproteins E6 and E7, both of which play key
roles in the progression of cervical carcinogenesis. Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) targeting HPV E7 induce
specific shear of the E7 gene, weakening the malignant biological effects, hence showing great potential for
clinical transformation.

Objective:
Our aim was to develop a new comprehensive therapy for better clinical application of ZFNs. We
here explored the anti-cancer efficiency of HPV targeted ZFNs combined with a platinum-based antineoplastic
drug Cisplatin (DDP) and an HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA).

Methods:
SiHa and HeLa cells were exposed to different concentrations of DDP and TSA; the appropriate concentrations
for the following experiments were screened according to cell apoptosis. Then cells were grouped
for combined or separate treatments; apoptosis, cell viability and proliferation ability were measured by flow
cytometry detection, CCK-8 assays and colony formation assays. The xenograft experiments were also performed
to determine the anti-cancer effects of the combined therapy. In addition, the HPV E7 and RB1 expressions
were measured by western blot analysis.

Results:
Results showed that the combined therapy induced about two times more apoptosis than that of ZFNs
alone in SiHa and HeLa cells, and much more inhibition of cell viability than either of the separate treatment.
The colony formation ability was inhibited more than 80% by the co-treatment, the protein expression of
HPV16/18E7 was down regulated and that of RB1 was elevated. In addition, the xenografts experiment showed
a synergistic effect between DDP and TSA together with ZFNs.

Conclusion:
Our results demonstrated that ZFNs combined with DDP or TSA functioned effectively in cervical
cancer cells, and it provided novel ideas for the prevention and treatment of HPV-related cervical malignancies.
A Mini-Review on Nano Technology in the Tumour Targeting Strategies: Drug Delivery to Cancer Cells
Authors: Kaur Loveleen , Sohal Harvinder S. , Kaur Manvinder , Malhi Dharambeer S. , Garg Sonali 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Recently, the application of cancer nanotechnology-based drug delivery to cancer cells
has arisen as an important method to resolve multiple molecular, biophysical, and biochemical obstacles, which
the body is preparing to resist against the productive implementation of chemotherapeutic medications. Drug
delivery technologies focused on nanoparticles, which have resolved some of the drawbacks of conventional
chemotherapy as, decreased drug viscosity, chemo-resistance, precise malignity, limited medicative measures
with low oral bioactivity. Due to their adjustable size and surface properties, the half-life period of a drug can be
increased in the bloodstream.

Objective:
The aim of the current study is to collect and document the data available on the drug delivery system
for anticancer drugs. The present study includes some of the drug carriers like liposomes, carbon dots, micelles,
carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, etc.

Methods:
To write this review, an exhaustive literature survey was carried out using relevant work published in
various SCI, Scopus, and non-SCI indexed journals. The different search engines used to download the research/
review papers are Google search, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database
and Research Gate, etc.

Results:
Nanotechnology offers better pharmacokinetics, reduces the systematic toxicities related to the chemotherapies
and a better route of drug administration. In the analysis, we critically highlight recent studies on
carcinoma-fighting nanotechnology.

Conclusion:
In the present study, different kinds of nano-based drug delivery systems have been discussed
along with their characteristic features, the encapsulation of anticancer agents into different types of nanometresized
vehicles and their general mechanism.
Erinacerins, Novel Glioma Inhibitors from Hericium erinaceus, Induce Apoptosis of U87 Cells through Bax/Capase-2 Pathway
Authors: Zhang Feng , Lv Hui , Zhang Xuhua 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Glioma is the most common tumor of the central nervous system. Hericium erinaceus,
which has been reported to have a variety of pharmacological activities, is a widely used Traditional Chinese
Medicine (TCM), and also a kind of delicious food accepted by the public.

Methods and Results:
In this study, two new natural products, compounds 1 and 2, were isolated and identified
from Hericium erinaceus. They were named erinacerin O and erinacerin P, respectively, after the structural
identification, and their effects on human glioma cell line U87 were evaluated. Erinacerin P (2) exhibited obvious
cytotoxicity on human glioma cell line U87. The IC50 value of 2 was 19.32μg/mL. The results showed that
the apoptosis of U87 cells treated with 2 increased and the morphology of U87 cells altered significantly. Flow
cytometry experiment showed that 2 could significantly increase the apoptosis rate of U87 cells and reduce
DNA replication. Western blot results suggested the Bax/capase-3 pathway was involved in the U87 cell apoptosis
induced by 2.

Conclusion:
Erinacerin O and Erinacerin P are novel compounds obtained from Hericium erinaceus and Erinacerin
P could be a potential novel glioma inhibitor.
Newborn Screening through TREC, TREC/KREC System for Primary Immunodeficiency with limitation of TREC/KREC. Comprehensive Review
Authors: Shinwari Khyber , Bolkov Mikhail , Tuzankina Irina A. , Chereshnev Valery A. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
Newborn screening (NBS) by quantifying T cell receptor excision circles
(TRECs) and Kappa receptor excision circles in neonatal dried blood spots (DBS) enables early diagnosis
of different types of primary immune deficiencies. Global newborn screening for PID, using an
assay to detect T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC) in dried blood spots (DBS), is now being performed
in all states in the United States. In this review, we discuss the development and outcomes of
TREC, TREC/KREC combines screening, and continued challenges to implementation.

Objective:
To review the diagnostic performance of published articles for TREC and TREC/ KREC based NBS for PID and its different types.

Methods:
Different research resources were used to get an approach for the published data of
TREС and KREC based NBS for PID like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Research gate EMBASE.
We extracted TREC and KREC screening Publisher with years of publication, content and
cut-off values, and a number of retests, repeat DBS, and referrals from the different published pilot,
pilot cohort, Case series, and cohort studies.

Results:
We included the results of TREC, combine TREC/KREC system based NBS screening from different research articles,and divided these results between the Pilot studies, case series, and cohort. For each of these studies, different parameter data are excluded from different articles. Thirteen studies were included, re-confirming 89 known SCID cases in case series and reporting 53 new SCID cases in 3.15 million newborns. Individual TREC contents in all SCID patients were <25 TRECs/μl (except in those evaluated with the New York State assay).

Conclusion:
TREC and KREC sensitivity for typical SCID and other types of PID was 100 %. It
shows its importance and anticipating the significance of implementation in different undeveloped
and developed countries in the NBS program in upcoming years. Data adapting the screening algorithm
for pre-term/ill infants reduce the amount of false-positive test results.
Integrated System Pharmacology and In Silico Analysis Elucidating Neuropharmacological Actions of Withania somnifera in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hannan Md. Abdul , Dash Raju , Haque Md. Nazmul , Choi Sung Min , Moon Il Soo 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Withania somnifera (WS), also referred to as Medhya Rasayana (nootropic or
rejuvenating), has traditionally been prescribed for various neurological ailments, including dementia.
Despite substantial evidence, pharmacological roles of WS, neither as nootropic nor as an antidementia
agent, are well-understood at the cellular and molecular levels.

Objectives:
We aimed at elucidating the pharmacological action mechanisms of WS root constituents
against Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathology.

Methods:
Various bioinformatics tools and resources, including DAVID, Cytoscape, NetworkAnalyst
and KEGG pathway database were employed to analyze the interaction of WS root bioactive molecules
with the protein targets of AD-associated cellular processes. We also used a molecular simulation
approach to validate the interaction of compounds with selected protein targets.

Results:
Network analysis revealed that β-sitosterol, withaferin A, stigmasterol, withanolide A, and
withanolide D are the major constituents of WS root that primarily target the cellular pathways such as
PI3K/Akt signaling, neurotrophin signaling and toll-like receptor signaling and proteins such as Tropomyosin
receptor Kinase B (TrkB), Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK-3β), Toll-Like Receptor 2/4
(TLR2/4), and β-secretase (BACE-1). Also, the in silico analysis further validated the interaction patterns
and binding affinity of the major WS compounds, particularly stigmasterol, withanolide A, withanolide
D and β-sitosterol with TrkB, GSK-3β, TLR2/4, and BACE-1.

Conclusion:
The present findings demonstrate that stigmasterol, withanolide A, withanolide D and
β-sitosterol are the major metabolites that are responsible for the neuropharmacological action of WS
root against AD-associated pathobiology, and TrkB, GSK-3β, TLR2/4, and BACE-1 could be the potential
druggable targets.