bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsar radio emission mechanism − I. On the amplification of Langmuir waves in the linear regime
Authors: Rahaman Sk Minhajur , Mitra Dipanjan , Melikidze George I 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Observations suggest that in normal period radio pulsars, coherent curvature radiation is excited within 10${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the light cylinder. The coherence is attributed to Langmuir mode instability in a relativistically streaming one-dimensional plasma flow along the open magnetic field lines. In this work, we use a hot plasma treatment to solve the hydrodynamic dispersion relation of Langmuir mode for realistic pulsar parameters. The solution involves three scenarios of two-stream instability, viz. driven by high energy beams, due to longitudinal drift that leads to a separation of electron–positron distribution functions in the secondary plasma and due to cloud–cloud interaction causing spatial overlap of two successive secondary plasma clouds. We find that sufficient amplification can be obtained only for the latter two scenarios. Our analysis shows that longitudinal drift is characterized by high growth rates only for certain multipolar surface field geometry. For these configurations, very high growth rates are obtained starting from a few tens of km from the neutron star surface, which then falls monotonically with increasing distance. For cloud–cloud overlap, growth rates become high starting only after a few hundred km from the surface, which first increases and then decreases with increasing distance. A spatial window of up to around a 1000 km above the neutron star surface has been found where large amplitude Langmuir waves can be excited while the pair plasma is dense enough to account for high brightness temperature.
Sgr A* near-infrared flares from reconnection events in a magnetically arrested disc
Authors: Dexter J , Tchekhovskoy A , Jiménez-Rosales A , Ressler S M , Bauböck M , Dallilar Y , de Zeeuw P T , Eisenhauer F , von Fellenberg S , Gao F , Genzel R , Gillessen S , Habibi M , Ott T , Stadler J , Straub O , Widmann F 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Large-amplitude Sgr A* near-infrared (NIR) flares result from energy injection into electrons near the black hole event horizon. Astrometry data show continuous rotation of the emission region during bright flares, and corresponding rotation of the linear polarization angle. One broad class of physical flare models invokes magnetic reconnection. Here, we show that such a scenario can arise in a general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a magnetically arrested disc. Saturation of magnetic flux triggers eruption events, where magnetically dominated plasma is expelled from near the horizon and forms a rotating, spiral structure. Dissipation occurs via reconnection at the interface of the magnetically dominated plasma and surrounding fluid. This dissipation is associated with large increases in NIR emission in models of Sgr A*, with durations and amplitudes consistent with the observed flares. Such events occur at roughly the time-scale to re-accumulate the magnetic flux from the inner accretion disc, ≃10 h for Sgr A*. We study NIR observables from one sample event to show that the emission morphology tracks the boundary of the magnetically dominated region. As the region rotates around the black hole, the NIR centroid and linear polarization angle both undergo continuous rotation, similar to the behaviour seen in Sgr A* flares.
[O ii] emitters in MultiDark-Galaxies and DEEP2
Authors: Favole G , Gonzalez-Perez V , Stoppacher D , Orsi Á , Comparat J , Cora S A , Vega-Martínez C A , Stevens A R H , Maraston C , Croton D , Knebe A , Benson A J , Montero-Dorta A D , Padilla N , Prada F , Thomas D 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We use three semi-analytical models (SAMs) of galaxy formation and evolution run on the same 1 h−1 Gpc MultiDark Planck2 cosmological simulation to investigate the properties of [O ii] emission line galaxies at redshift z ∼ 1. We compare model predictions with different observational data sets, including DEEP2–firefly galaxies with absolute magnitudes. We estimate the [O ii] luminosity ($L{\left[\rm{O\,{\small II}}\right]}$) of our model galaxies using the public code get_ emlines , which ideally assumes as input the instantaneous star formation rates (SFRs). This property is only available in one of the SAMs under consideration, while the others provide average SFRs, as most models do. We study the feasibility of inferring galaxies’    $L{\left[\rm{O\,{\small II}}\right]}$  from average SFRs in post-processing. We find that the result is accurate for model galaxies with dust attenuated   $L{\left[\rm{O\,{\small II}}\right]}$ ≲ 1042.2 erg s−1 ($\lt 5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ discrepancy). The galaxy properties that correlate the most with the model   $L{\left[\rm{O\,{\small II}}\right]}$ are the SFR and the observed-frame u and g broad-band magnitudes. Such correlations have r-values above 0.64 and a dispersion that varies with   $L{\left[\rm{O\,{\small II}}\right]}$ . We fit these correlations with simple linear relations and use them as proxies for   $L{\left[\rm{O\,{\small II}}\right]}$ , together with an observational conversion that depends on SFR and metallicity. These proxies result in [O ii] luminosity functions and halo occupation distributions with shapes that vary depending on both the model and the method used to derive   $L{\left[\rm{O\,{\small II}}\right]}$ . The amplitude of the clustering of model galaxies with   $L{\left[\rm{O\,{\small II}}\right]}$ &gt;1040.4 erg s−1 remains overall unchanged on scales above 1 $\, h^{-1}$ Mpc, independently of the $L{\left[\rm{O\,{\small II}}\right]}$ computation.
Enhancer RNAs predict enhancer–gene regulatory links and are critical for enhancer function in neuronal systems
Authors: Carullo Nancy V N , Phillips III Robert A , Simon Rhiana C , Soto Salomon A Roman , Hinds Jenna E , Salisbury Aaron J , Revanna Jasmin S , Bunner Kendra D , Ianov Lara , Sultan Faraz A , Savell Katherine E , Gersbach Charles A , Day Jeremy J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Genomic enhancer elements regulate gene expression programs important for neuronal fate and function and are implicated in brain disease states. Enhancers undergo bidirectional transcription to generate non-coding enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). However, eRNA function remains controversial. Here, we combined Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using Sequencing (ATAC-Seq) and RNA-Seq datasets from three distinct neuronal culture systems in two activity states, enabling genome-wide enhancer identification and prediction of putative enhancer–gene pairs based on correlation of transcriptional output. Notably, stimulus-dependent enhancer transcription preceded mRNA induction, and CRISPR-based activation of eRNA synthesis increased mRNA at paired genes, functionally validating enhancer–gene predictions. Focusing on enhancers surrounding the Fos gene, we report that targeted eRNA manipulation bidirectionally modulates Fos mRNA, and that Fos eRNAs directly interact with the histone acetyltransferase domain of the enhancer-linked transcriptional co-activator CREB-binding protein (CBP). Together, these results highlight the unique role of eRNAs in neuronal gene regulation and demonstrate that eRNAs can be used to identify putative target genes.
Magnesium to prevent kidney disease–associated vascular calcification: crystal clear?
Authors: ter Braake Anique D , Vervloet Marc G , de Baaij Jeroen H F , Hoenderop Joost G J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Vascular calcification is a prognostic marker for cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. In these patients, magnesium balance is disturbed, mainly due to limited ultrafiltration of this mineral, changes in dietary intake and the use of diuretics. Observational studies in dialysis patients report that a higher blood magnesium concentration is associated with reduced risk to develop vascular calcification. Magnesium prevents osteogenic vascular smooth muscle cell transdifferentiation in in vitro and in vivo models. In addition, recent studies show that magnesium prevents calciprotein particle maturation, which may be the mechanism underlying the anti-calcification properties of magnesium. Magnesium is an essential protective factor in the calcification milieu, which helps to restore the mineral-buffering system that is overwhelmed by phosphate in CKD patients. The recognition that magnesium is a modifier of calciprotein particle maturation and mineralization of the extracellular matrix renders it a promising novel clinical tool to treat vascular calcification in CKD. Consequently, the optimal serum magnesium concentration for patients with CKD may be higher than in the general population.
全谷物燕麦和大麦及其可溶性膳食纤维对促进心脏健康、改善血糖和调节肠道菌群作用的新进展
Authors: Tosh Susan M , Bordenave Nicolas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
本综述的目标是回顾食用全谷物燕麦、大麦及b-葡聚糖降低冠心 病、2 型糖尿病和其他慢性非传染性疾病风险的主要机制。它们主要 是通过可溶性膳食纤维和分子更小的生物活性物质，如燕麦和大麦中 的酚类化合物来实现上述生理作用。这些生物小分子有助于降低血清 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇，降低餐后血糖，调节肠道菌群。在本篇综述中， 探讨了b-葡聚糖对肠内容物黏度变化的影响，以及加工条件对b-葡聚 糖结构和理化特性的影响
Engaging Differences: How Socially Diverse Organizations Can Mobilize Their Resources More Effectively
Authors: Fulton Brad R 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiversity is a goal for many organizations, yet it is not always connected to improved performance. This study advances diversity-performance research by examining the effect of engaging social differences. The analysis uses data from a national study of organizations containing information on the race, gender, class, and religion of each organization’s leaders as well as information on the type and content of interactions occurring among them. The data also contain multiple measures of organizational output, specifically the organization’s performance in forming alliances, developing strategies, organizing constituents, and mobilizing people. The analysis focuses on organizations with a diverse leadership team, examining the teams’ social interactions to assess whether engaging members’ social differences is associated with better performance. Additionally, qualitative data illustrate how engaging social differences impacts organizational outcomes. The study finds that teams whose members regularly participate in bridging cultural activities and discuss their social differences achieve greater output. Overall, this study indicates that an organization’s ability to realize the performance benefits of having a diverse leadership team is related to how the leaders interact with each other. The findings suggest that diverse organizations can improve their performance by ensuring that their members interact in ways that engage their social differences.
III Middle English
Authors: Ash-Irisarri Kate , Atkinson Laurie , Bateman Mary , Black Daisy , Dow Anna , Greene Darragh , Grossman Joel , Lazikani Ayoush , Pascual Rafael J , Pattwell Niamh , Perry R D , Sawyer Daniel , Wolf Johannes 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter has 14 sections: 1. General and Miscellaneous; 2. Theory; 3. Manuscript and Technical Studies; 4. Religious Prose; 5. Secular Prose; 6. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl, Patience, and Cleanness; 7. Piers Plowman; 8. Gower; 9. Older Scots; 10. Drama; 11. Secular Verse; 12. Religious Verse; 13. Romance: Metrical, Alliterative, Prose; 14. Early Middle English. Section 1 is by Mary Bateman; section 2 is by R.D. Perry; section 3 is by Daniel Sawyer; section 4 is by Niamh Pattwell; section 5 is by Johannes Wolf; section 6 is by Rafael J. Pascual; section 7 is by Joel Grossman; section 8 is by Laurie Atkinson; section 9 is by Kate Ash-Irisarri; section 10 is by Daisy Black; section 11 is by Darragh Greene; sections 12 and 14 are by Ayoush Lazikani; section 13 is by Anna Dow, with contributions from Mary Bateman in section 13(a).
Clinical Evaluation of a High-fidelity Upper Arm Cuff to Measure Arterial Blood Pressure during Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Briegel Josef , Bähner Torsten , Kreitmeier Alois , Conter Philippe , Fraccaroli Luca , Meidert Agnes S. , Tholl Martin , Papadakis Georg , Deunert Aliki , Bauer Andreas , Hoeft Andreas , Pfeiffer Ulrich J. 
Published: July 2020

Background
In most patients having noncardiac surgery, blood pressure is measured with the oscillometric upper arm cuff method. Although the method is noninvasive and practical, it is known to overestimate intraarterial pressure in hypotension and to underestimate it in hypertension. A high-fidelity upper arm cuff incorporating a hydraulic sensor pad was recently developed. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether noninvasive blood pressure measurements with the new high-fidelity cuff correspond to invasive measurements with a femoral artery catheter, especially at low blood pressure.

Methods
Simultaneous measurements of blood pressure recorded from a femoral arterial catheter and from the high-fidelity upper arm cuff were compared in 110 patients having major abdominal surgery or neurosurgery.

Results
550 pairs of blood pressure measurements (5 pairs per patient) were considered for analysis. For mean arterial pressure measurements, the average bias was 0 mmHg, and the precision was 3 mmHg. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.96 (P < 0.0001; 95% CI, 0.96 to 0.97), and the percentage error was 9%. Error grid analysis showed that the proportions of mean arterial pressure measurements done with the high-fidelity cuff method were 98.4% in zone A (no risk), 1.6% in zone B (low risk) and 0% in zones C, D, and E (moderate, significant, and dangerous risk, respectively). The high-fidelity cuff method detected mean arterial pressure values less than 65 mmHg with a sensitivity of 84% (95% CI, 74 to 92%) and a specificity of 97% (95% CI, 95% to 98%). To detect changes in mean arterial pressure of more than 5 mmHg, the concordance rate between the two methods was 99.7%. Comparable accuracy and precision were observed for systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements.

Conclusions
The new high-fidelity upper arm cuff method met the current international standards in terms of accuracy and precision. It was also very accurate to track changes in blood pressure and reliably detect severe hypotension during noncardiac surgery.

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Translation of EU Food Law and Nutrient Reference Values Into Practice
Authors: Kersting Mathilde , Kalhoff Hermann , Voss Susanne , Jansen Kathrin , Lücke Thomas 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:European dietary regulations affect national dietary guidelines for child nutrition. The update of the German Dietary Scheme for the first year of life is used to examine the translation of European nutrient references into food‐based guidelines while maintaining traditional habits.Methods:Within the Dietary Scheme, intake of energy and nutrients was calculated in the complementary feeding period for each of the 3 daily recommended complementary meals (a vegetable‐potato‐meat meal, a milk‐cereal meal, a cereal‐fruit meal) in addition to the daily liquid‐milk servings (breast milk or follow‐on formula). Pureed‐home‐made complementary meals were assumed. The adequacy of nutrient intake was evaluated by comparison with the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Dietary Reference Values. Macronutrient content of meals was compared to the European complementary food directive.Results:Daily intake of most nutrients following the scheme was well in line with EFSA values, whereas the commonly ‘critical’ nutrients iron and iodine remained far below EFSA values. Substituting breast milk or whole cow's milk with follow‐on formula had only a small impact on nutrient supply. Although the different nutrient profiles of meals were not fully in line with European regulations, they add up to an overall balanced daily diet.Conclusions:Taken together, European dietary reference values for energy and nutrients can mostly be met by the modular system of the Dietary Scheme as a total diet concept for infant nutrition in Germany. The different proposed meals generally agree with EU regulations for complementary food.
Does Combined Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance and pH (MII-pH) Testing Improve Clinical Outcomes in Children With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease?
Authors: Lee Adrian L.H. , Varjavandi Vincent , Lemberg Daniel A. , Ooi Chee Y. , Gupta Nitin , Krishnan Usha 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The aim of the study was to investigate the role of combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH (MII-pH) testing in clinical management of children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by exploring the impact of treatment changes made based on MII-pH testing results on symptoms and quality of life outcomes.

Methods:
All patients (<18 years) referred to the Sydney Children's Hospital for MII-pH testing were recruited. Patients were classified by acid suppression therapy (AST) status (on AST and off AST) and changes in medical and surgical management were evaluated. Validated questionnaires (Pediatric Gastroesophageal Symptom and Quality of Life Questionnaire and Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire Revised) were administered at baseline at the time of MII-pH testing, and 4 weeks after treatment changes were made and questionnaire scores were compared.

Results:
Of the 45 patients recruited, 24 patients (53.3%) were off AST and 21 patients (46.7%) were on AST. MII-pH testing led to medication changes in 30 patients (66.7%). This included 15 of 24 (62.5%) in those off AST and 15 of 21 (71.4%) in those on AST. More than 98% of patients who had treatment changes showed a significant improvement in both symptoms and quality of life scores.

Conclusions:
Our study is one of the first pediatric studies to evaluate the clinical validity of MII-pH testing in the pediatric population referred for suspected GERD, and its ability in guiding clinical management. Our study has shown that treatment decisions guided by and based on results of MII-pH testing led to a significant improvement in symptoms and quality of life in infants and children with GERD.
Clinical Remission and Psychological Management are Major Issues for the Quality of Life in Pediatric Crohn Disease
Authors: Gourdonneau Anne , Bruneau Léa , Ruemmele Frank M. , Norsa Lorenzo , Takeda Armelle , Le Gall Catherine , Clouzeau Haude , Rebouissoux Laurent , Dabadie Alain , Bridoux‐Henno Laure , Rebeuh Julie , Thomassin Nadège , Viala Jérôme , Willot Stéphanie , Breton Anne , Coopman Stéphanie , Spyckerelle Claire , Languepin Jeanne , Bertrand Valérie , Mouterde Olivier , Degas Vanessa , Bonneton Marjorie , Lemale Julie , Destombe Sylvie , Billiemaz Kareen , Caron Nicolas , Borderon Corinne , Dupont Claire , Triolo Valérie , Jobert Agathe , Lamireau Thierry , Enaud Raphaël 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:Crohn disease (CD) can affect patient's quality of life (QOL) with physical, social, and psychological impacts. This study aimed to investigate the QOL of children with CD and its relationship with patient and disease characteristics.Methods:Children ages from 10 to 17 years with diagnosed CD for more than 6 months were eligible to this cross‐sectional study conducted in 35 French pediatric centers. QOL was assessed by the IMPACT‐III questionnaire. Patient and disease characteristics were collected.Results:A total of 218 children (42% of girls) were included at a median age of 14 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 13‐‐16). Median duration of CD was 3.2 years (IQR: 1.7–5.1) and 63% of children were in clinical remission assessed by wPCDAI. Total IMPACT‐III score was 62.8 (±11.0). The lowest score was in “emotional functioning” subdomain (mean: 42.8 ± 11.2). Clinical remission was the main independent factor associated with QOL of children with CD (5.74 points higher compared with those “with active disease”, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.77‐‐8.70, P < 0.001). Age of patient at the evaluation was found negatively correlated with QOL (−0.76 per year, 95% CI: −1.47 to −0.06, P = 0.009). Presence of psychological disorders was associated with a lower QOL (−9.6 points lower to those without, 95% CI: −13.34 to −5.86, P < 0.0001). Total IMPACT‐III and its subdomains scores were not related to sex, disease duration, or treatments.Conclusions:These results not only confirm that clinical remission is a major issue for the QOL of patients, but also highlights the importance of psychological care.
Assessing Diet Quality in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Cohort of Low-income Toddlers
Authors: Kay Melissa C. , Silver Heidi J. , Yin H. Shonna , Flower Kori B. , Rothman Russell L. , Sanders Lee M. , Delamater Alan M. , Perrin Eliana M. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBackground:Low-income racially and ethnically diverse children are at higher risk for obesity compared with their counterparts; yet, few studies have assessed their diet quality.Objective:The aim of the study was to evaluate the diet quality of a racially and ethnically diverse cohort of 2-year-olds using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010.Methods:We used 24-hour dietary recall data from caregivers of toddlers (24–34 months) at 4 pediatric resident clinics that participated in the Greenlight Study to calculate compliance with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) using total HEI score (range 0–100) and 12 component scores.Results:Participants (n = 231) were mostly Hispanic (57%) or non-Hispanic black (27%) and from low-income families. Mean HEI-2010 score was 62.8 (standard deviation [SD] 10.5). Though not significant, Hispanics had the highest HEI score. Toddlers of caregivers without obesity, older than 35 years and born outside the United States had higher HEI scores. Most had high HEI component scores for dairy, fruit, and protein foods, but few achieved maximum scores, particularly for whole grains (13%), vegetables (10%), and fatty acid ratio (7%).Conclusions:Despite scores reflective of DGA recommendations for fruit, dairy and protein foods, toddlers in this diverse sample had low quality diets as measured by the HEI, driven largely by low component scores for whole grains, vegetables, and ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids.