bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Variations in Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality and related risk factors in China between 2010 and 2015: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Wang Baohua , Li Peiyao , He Fengdie , Sha Yuting , Wan Xia , Wang Lijun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To explore the relationship between geographical differences of mortality and related risk factors in ischemic heart disease (IHD) in China.Methods: Data were collected from the nationally representative China Mortality Surveillance System to calculate annual IHD mortality counts (2010-2015). Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the IHD mortality among Chinese population from 2010 to 2015. Negative binomial regression was used to investigate potential spatiotemporal variation and correlations with age, gender, urbanization, and region. Results: The overall IHD mortality was 221.17/100,000, accounting for 1.51 million deaths in 2015. The standardized IHD mortality rate increased by 5.51% from 2010 to 2015 among people aged 40 years and older. Multilevel analysis indicated significant differences in gender, regional effects, and age. High urbanization rate (risk ratio [RR] = 0.728, 95% confidence interval [CI] = (0.631, 0.840)) and average high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (RR=0.741, 95%CI: 0.616,0.891) were negatively associated with IHD mortality. IHD mortality was significantly higher in populations with a low rate of medical insurance coverage (RR= 1.218, 95%CI: 1.007, 1.473), as well as the average body mass index (BMI) (RR= 1.436, 95%CI: 1.135, 1.817) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (RR= 1.310, 95%CI: 1.019, 1.684). While the relationship with current smoking rate, excessive intake of red meat, insufficient vegetable or fruits intake didn’t show the statistical significance. The negative correlation between the average sedentary time and IHD mortality was not conclusive due to the possible deviation of the data. Conclusions: The mortality of IHD showed an upward trend for people aged 40 years and older in China during 2010-2015, which should be paid attention to. Therefore, some risk factors should be controlled, such as SBP, overweight/obesity. HDL is a protective factor, as well as higher urbanization rate, family income level, and medical insurance coverage.
Racial Differences in Lifestyle, Demographic, and Health Factors Associated with Quality of Life (QoL) in Midlife Women
Authors: Smith Brandi Patrice , Cardoso-Mendoza Esmeralda , Flaws Jodi A. , Madak-Erdogan Zeynep , Smith Rebecca Lee 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Previously, quality of life (Qol) has been defined as an individual’s evaluation of a satisfactory life as a whole (i.e. physically, mentally, psychologically, and socially). Only a few studies have examined the racial differences between QoL, and risk factors associated with health, demographics, and lifestyle in midlife women. Thus, the purpose of our study is to determine racial differences in QoL in menopausal women due to lifestyle, demographic, and health related risk factors. A stratified ordinal logistic regression model was applied to self-reported questionnaire data from the Midlife Women's Health Study (MWHS) to determine risk factors associated with QoL differences between White and Black women during the menopausal transition. In multivariate models, our results showed Black women who had 3 or 4 comorbidities (moderate) were about 4 times as likely to have higher QoL compared to women who had 0 to 2 comorbidities (95% CI: 1.65,10.78). However, the number of comorbidities was not significantly associated with QoL in White women in univariate or multivariate analysis. Further, BMI and income were not significant factors in QoL in Black women but were in White women. Overall, our results illustrate that differences in health, demographic, and lifestyle factors are associated with QoL during menopause. Also, we suggest that future studies evaluate stratified models between racial groups to determine race-specific risk factors related to quality of life.
Effectiveness of an integrated multidisciplinary geriatric rehabilitation programme for older persons with stroke: a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Vluggen Tom , Haastregt Jolanda van , Tan Frans , Verbunt Jeanine , Heugten Caroline van , Schols Jos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Almost half of the stroke patients admitted to geriatric rehabilitation has persisting problems after discharge. Currently, there is no evidence based geriatric rehabilitation programme available for older stroke patients, combining inpatient rehabilitation with adequate ambulatory aftercare in the community. Therefore, we developed an integrated multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme that includes aftercare for older persons with stroke. We evaluated the effectiveness of this newly developed rehabilitation programme in comparison to usual care. Methods: A multicentre randomised controlled trial was conducted in eight geriatric rehabilitation stroke units and their collaborating partners in primary care. The study population involved stroke patients and their informal caregivers who were aged 65 or over, living in the community before admission to geriatric rehabilitation, and expected to be able to return home after discharge. The programme consisted of three modules: inpatient neurorehabilitation, home-based self-management training, and stroke education. For patients, daily activity (FAI) was assessed as primary outcome and functional dependence (Katz-15), perceived quality of life (SSQoL) and social participation (IPA) as secondary outcomes. Additionally, among informal caregivers perceived care burden (self-rated burden VAS), objective care burden (Erasmus iBMG), and quality of life (CarerQol), were assessed as secondary outcomes.Results: In total 190 patients and 172 informal caregivers were included. Mean age of the patients in the intervention group was 78.9 years (SD= 7.0) and in the usual care group 79.0 years (SD=6.5). Significant favourable effects for the programme were observed for the subscale autonomy outdoors of the IPA (-2.15, P=.047, and for the informal caregivers perceived care burden (1.23, P=.048. For the primary outcome daily activity and the other secondary outcomes, no significant effects were observed.Conclusion: The integrated multidisciplinary programme had no effect on daily activity of older stroke patients. However, patients participating in the programme had a higher level of perceived autonomy of outdoor activities and their informal caregivers perceived a lower care burden. The programme might be promising in providing adequate (after)care, although adaptation of the programme is recommended to increase its feasibility and improve its effects.
An examination of skeletal muscle and hepatic tissue transcriptomes from beef cattle divergent for residual feed intake&nbsp;
Authors: McKenna Clare , Keogh Kate , Porter Richard , Waters Sinead , Cormican Paul , Kenny David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The selection of cattle with enhanced feed efficiency is of paramount importance with regard to reducing feed costs in the beef industry. Global transcriptome profiling was undertaken on liver and skeletal muscle biopsies from Simmental heifers and bulls divergent in residual feed intake (RFI) feed efficiency phenotype, in order to identify genes that may be associated with this trait. We identified 5 genes (adj.p<0.1) to be differentially expressed in skeletal muscle between high and low RFI heifers with all transcripts involved in oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial homeostasis. A total of 11 genes (adj.p<0. 1) were differentially expressed in liver tissue between high and low RFI bulls with differentially expressed genes related to amino and nucleotide metabolism as well as endoplasmic reticulum protein processing. No genes were identified as differentially expressed in either heifer liver or bull muscle analyses. Results from this study show a clear effect of gender to the underlying molecular control of RFI in cattle, which may be attributable to differences in the physiological age between heifers and bulls. Despite this we have highlighted a number of genes that may hold potential as molecular biomarkers for RFI cattle.
Midwives’ Integration of Post Abortion Manual Vacuum Aspiration in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Mixed Methods Case Study &amp; Positive Deviance Assessment
Authors: Bourret Kirsty Marie , Larocque Sylvie , Hien Amélie , Hogue Carol , Muray Kalum , Lukusa Aurélie Thethe , Ngabo Abel Minani 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite a recognized need for midwives to provide post abortion care, there exist barriers preventing them from integrating lifesaving skills such as manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) into practice. This collaborative research with the Professional Association of Congolese Midwives (SCOSAF), sought to understand how certain midwives in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have overcome barriers to successfully integrate MVA for post abortion care. Specifically, in order to provide locally-driven solutions to the problem of inadequate post abortion care in the DRC, this study aimed to identify examples of positive deviance, or midwives who had successfully integrated MVA in complex working environments following an in-service training facilitated by their midwifery association, SCOSAF.Methods: Creswell’s mixed method comparative case study design was used to identify positive deviant midwives who had practiced MVA one or more times post training and to explore their strategies and enabling factors. Other midwives who had not practiced MVA post training permitted for a comparison group and further interpretations. Sources of data included a sequential survey and semi-structured interviews. Results: All 102 midwives invited to be surveyed were recruited and 34% reported practicing MVA post training (positive deviant midwives). No statistical significance was found between the two groups’ demographics and practice facility type. Overall, both groups had positive attitudes regarding midwifery-led MVA and legalization of abortion. Positive deviant midwives demonstrated and described more confidence and competence to practice and teach MVA. They were more likely to identify as teachers and overcome interprofessional barriers by teaching MVA to physicians, medical students and other midwives and position themselves as experts during post abortion emergencies.Conclusion: Results provided important insight to midwives’ integration of post abortion care in Kinshasa. Strategies used by positive deviant midwives in emergencies allowed them to navigate challenging contexts in order to practice MVA, while simultaneously increasing the credibility of their profession and the dissemination of evidenced-based MVA practice. Programs designed to work with and promote positive deviant midwives as knowledge brokers could be tested for their overall impact on the diffusion of midwifery-led MVA to improve access to safe, respectful reproductive care.
Freeze-drying and hot-pressing strategy to embed two-dimensional Ti0.87O2 monolayers in commercial polypropylene films with enhanced dielectric properties&nbsp;
Authors: Tian Wenchao , Cai Cailing , Wu Zeyi , Zhang Chenchen , Yin Ting , Lao Sijia , Yan Fei , linfeng Hu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The dielectric capacitor has been widely used in advanced electronic and electrical power systems due to their capability of ultrafast charging-discharging and ultrahigh power density. Nevertheless, their energy density is still limited by the low dielectric constant (≈ 2.2) of the commercial dielectric polypropylene (PP). The conventional enhancement strategy by embedding inorganic fillers in PP matrix is still difficult and challenging due to that PP hardly dissolves in any inorganic/organic solvent. In this work, we develop a new strategy including freeze-drying, surface functionalization and hot-pressing to incorporate Ti0.87O2 monolayers in PP film. A series of uniform composited Ti0.87O2@PP film has been successfully fabricated with Ti0.87O2 content range of 0-15 wt%. The maximum dielectric constant of the as-prepared Ti0.87O2@PP film is 3.27 when the Ti0.87O2 content is 9 wt%, which is about 1.5 times higher than that of pure PP. Our study provides a feasible strategy to embed two-dimensional material into commercial PP thin-film with superior dielectric performance for practical application.
Validity and Reliability of the Portuguese-Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (P-Pass) for Individuals with Disabilities
Authors: Ferreira Pedro L , Simões Ana Lúcia , Dourado Marília , Holm Margo B. , Rogers Joan C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Due to the increasing need to measure health outcomes and to ensure a more independent life, it is essential to validate instruments capable of assessing the functionality of activities of daily living. The Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (PASS), based on three occupational performance constructs (independence, safety and adequacy), allows health professionals to delineate their interventions more effectively according to the needs of each patient. The purpose of this study was to create a Portuguese version of the PASS (P-PASS) and to measure the performance of people with disabilities. Methods. Linguistic validation was performed through the translation/back-translation procedure. Next, the scale to be completed by health professionals was submitted to a clinical review by a panel of experts. Subsequently, it was applied to 98 people with physical and/or cognitive disabilities. The data collected were then analyzed and the results evaluated in accordance with the three PASS constructs. The results were also analyzed in terms of age and gender. Results. To create the Portuguese version, one task was removed from the original PASS and seven tasks were combined or adapted. Task independence had the highest scores and adequacy the lowest. In terms of reliability, the P-PASS revealed almost perfect levels of agreement between observers, except for the adequacy construct of the ‘bed mobility’ task that showed moderate agreement. In general, the original structure of the PASS was replicated in the Portuguese version. Men presented greater independence than women in the tasks of ‘bill paying by ATM’ and ‘changing TV command batteries.’ Participants under 60 years of age had the highest scores overall. Conclusions. The combination or adaptation of some items to be more culturally relevant is a valid procedure that has been used by other authors during the validation of PASS items. The results obtained by P-PASS showed comparable scores with the original PASS and with other translated/adapted versions. The P-PASS is a valid and reliable scale for the Portuguese population, enabling more effective measurement of health outcomes.
External Validation Of The Surgical Outcome Risk Tool (Sort) In 3305 Abdominal Surgery Patients In The Independent Sector In The United Kingdom
Authors: Oakland Kathryn , Cosentino Daria , Cross Timothy , Bucknall Cliff , Dorudi Sina , Walker David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Assessing risk of post-surgical mortality is a key component of pre-surgical planning. The Surgical Outcome Risk Tool (SORT) uses pre-operative variables to predict 30-day mortality. The aim of this study was to externally validate SORT in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Methods Data were collected from patients treated in five Independent hospitals in the United Kingdom. Individualised SORT scores were calculated and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) and precision-recall curves (PRC) plus 95% confidence intervals (CI) were drawn to test the ability of SORT to identify in-hospital death. Outcomes of patients with a SORT predicted risk of mortality of ≥5% (high risk) were compared to those with a predicted risk of <5% (standard risk). Results The study population comprised 3305 patients, mean age 51 years, 2783 (84.2%) underwent elective surgery most frequently involving the colon (24.6%), or liver, pancreas or gallbladder (18.2%). Overall 1551 (46.9%) patients were admitted to ICU and 29 (0.88%) died. The AUROC of SORT for discriminating patients at risk of death in hospital was 0.899 (95% CI 0.849 to 0.949) and the PRC 0.247. In total 72 (2.18%) patients were stratified as high risk. There were more unplanned ICU admissions and deaths in this group compared to the standard risk group (25.0% and 3.3%, versus 3.1% and 0.5%, respectively). Conclusion We externally validated SORT in a large population of abdominal surgery patients. SORT performed well in patients with lower risk profiles, but underpredicted adverse outcomes in the higher risk group.
Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia from the North-Eastern Area of Romania
Authors: Vlad Cristiana-Elena , Foia Liliana , Florea Laura , Costache Irina-Iuliana , Covic Andreea , Popescu Roxana , Reurean-Pintilei Delia , Covic Adrian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background. Familial hypercholesterolemia(FH) is one of the most frequent and important monogenic cholesterol pathologies. Traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors increase the prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD) in this population. The aims of the study were:(a) to identify FH patients in the North-Eastern part of Romania and to analyze demographic, clinical and paraclinical data (b) to evaluate the risk of new cardiovascular events at follow-up in FH patients stratified by lipid-lowering agents.Methods. This first prospective study in the North-Eastern part of Romania was carried out between October 2017 and October 2019; out of 980 patients with dyslipidemia evaluated with the Dutch Lipid Network(DLCN) and Simon Broome(SM) scores, 61 patients with DLCN score above 3 and possible/probable FH(SM score) were included.Results. 980 patients were examined and 61 (6.2%) were received the clinical diagnosis of FH. The mean age was 48.5±12.5 years, with more female patients than male patients (63.9% versus 36%). Hypertension was the main cardiovascular risk factor for both genders, followed by physical inactivity and obesity for the female group and active smoking for the male group. The measured DLCN score recorded: “possible” FH identified in 39.4%, “probable” FH in 45.9% and “definite” FH in 14.7%. The effective lipid-lowering drugs used were statin alone and statin in association with fenofibrate, which improved both the lipid profile values and the subclinical atherosclerosis markers (ankle-brachial index, carotid intima-media thickness and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). New ASCVDs that emerged during the study were most commonly represented by coronary heart disease and stroke. At the same time, the new CV events were delayed in patients receiving the lipid-lowering drugs, without significant differences between them.Conclusions. In patients with suspected FH, the lipid-lowering agents during the follow-up period delayed the new cardiovascular events, yet failed to reach the goals proposed by the guidelines.
X-ray computed microtomography of diamondiferous impact suevitic breccia and clast-poor melt rock from the Kara astrobleme (Pay-Khoy, Russia)
Authors: Zubov Aleksandr A. , Shumilova Tatyana G. , Zhuravlev Andrey V. , Isaenko Sergey I. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
X-ray computed microtomography (CT) of impact rock varieties from the Kara astrobleme is used to test the method’s ability to identify the morphology and distribution of the rock components. Three types of suevitic breccias, clast-poor melt rock, and a melt clast from a suevite were studied with a spatial resolution of 24 µm to assess CT data values of 3D structure and components of the impactites. The purpose is first to reconstruct pore space, morphology, and distribution of all distinguishable crystallized melt, clastic components, and carbon products of impact metamorphism, including the impact glasses, after-coal diamonds, and other carbon phases. Second, the data are applied to analyze the morphology and distribution of aluminosilicate and sulfide components in the melt and suevitic breccias. The technical limitations of the CT measurements applied to the Kara impactites are discussed. Because of the similar chemical composition of the aluminosilicate matrix, glasses, and some lithic and crystal clasts, these components are hard to distinguish in tomograms. The carbonaceous matter has absorption characteristics close to air, so the pores and carbonaceous inclusions appear similar. However, X-ray microtomography could be used to prove the differences between the studied types of suevites from the Kara astrobleme using structural-textural features of the whole rock, porosity, and the distributions of carbonates and sulfides.
VAMOS CONVERSAR SOBRE RETINOBLASTOMA? – A ATUAÇÃO DA EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA NA EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE EM UM MUNICÍPIO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Freitas Rafaela Alves , Blumer Eryc Abido , De Sousa Marcus Vinícius Arantes , Resende Laíse Oliveira , Gonçalves Luciano - 
Published: December 2020

O retinoblastoma é a neoplasia ocular mais comum da infância, representando 3% a 4% de todos os cânceres pediátricos. A taxa de incidência média da doença nos Estados Unidos e na Europa é de aproximadamente 1 em 14.000 a 18.000 nascidos vivos, enquanto no Brasil é o dobro. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar a experiência de um projeto de extensão de educação em saúde, o qual visou a conscientização da comunidade a respeito do retinoblastoma, seus sinais e sintomas e a importância de seu diagnóstico precoce. Após revisão teórica pertinente a respeito do tema, a equipe programou encontros teóricos para discussão e desenvolveu três tipos de atividades práticas a serem executadas em dois dias da semana, na sala de espera dos ambulatórios de oftalmologia e pediatria da universidade. Foram realizadas as atividades práticas: uma roda de conversa sobre o que é o câncer, um jogo didáticode mitos e verdades e uma atividade com modelo anatômico de olho em acrílico. A população se envolveu e apresentou muitas dúvidas e curiosidades sobre o assunto. A equipe executora desfrutou de muitos benefícios da atuação interdisciplinar e obteve formação mais integral na área da saúde, com estudo de temas não muito trabalhados ao longo da graduação. O projeto estimulou a reflexão crítica da população a respeito de seu papel ativo no diagnóstico precoce do retinoblastoma, bem como no reconhecimento de seus sinais e sintomas. Além disso, o projeto configurou um momento de formação profissional para os graduandos que pretendem trabalhar em equipes multiprofissionais.
Fonología del guambiano
Authors: Caudmont Jean 
Published: December 2020

0.—Introducción.
1.—Descripción de los fonemas.

1.1.—Lista.
1.2.—Clasificación.
1.3.—Ejemplos.
1.4.—Definición.
1.5.—Realización.
1.6.—Acento.

2.—Distribución de los fonemas.

2.1.—Estructura de la sílaba.
2.2.—Fonemas sencillos.
2.3.—Fonemas agrupados.

3.—Cambios fonéticos.

3.1.—Cambios producidos por la colocación de los fonemas en la sílaba.
3.2.—Cambios producidos por el contacto con otro fonema.
3.3.—Cambios facultativos espontáneos.