bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of grain size distribution in galactic discs
Authors: Relaño M. , Lisenfeld U. , Hou K.-C. , De Looze I. , Vílchez J. M. , Kennicutt R. C. 
Published: February 2020

Context. Dust is formed out of stellar material and it is constantly affected by different mechanisms occurring in the interstellar medium. Depending on their size, the behaviour of dust grains vary under these mechanisms and, therefore, the dust grain size distribution evolves as part of the dust evolution itself. Following how the grain size distribution evolves is a difficult computing task that has only recently become the subject of consideration. Smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) simulations of a single galaxy, together with cosmological simulations, are producing the first predictions of the evolution of dust grain size distribution.
Aims. We compare, for the first time, the evolution of the dust grain size distribution as predicted by SPH simulations and results from observations. We are able to validate not only the predictions of the evolution of the small-to-large grain mass ratio (DS/DL) within a galaxy, but we also provide observational constraints for recent cosmological simulations that include the grain size distribution in the dust evolution framework.
Methods. We selected a sample of three spiral galaxies with different masses: M 101, NGC 628, and M 33. We fitted the dust spectral energy distribution across the disc of each object and derived the abundance of the different grain types included in the dust model. We analysed how the radial distribution of the relative abundance of the different grain size populations changes over the whole disc within each galaxy. The DS/DL ratio as a function of the galactocentric distance and metallicity is directly compared to what has been predicted by the SPH simulations.
Results. We find a good agreement between the observed radial distribution of DS/DL and what was obtained from the SPH simulations of a single galaxy. The comparison agrees with the expected evolutionary stage of each galaxy. We show that the central parts of NGC 628 at a high metallicity and with a high molecular gas fraction are mainly affected not only by accretion, but also by the coagulation of dust grains. The centre of M 33, having a lower metallicity and lower molecular gas fraction, presents an increase in the DS/DL ratio, demonstrating that shattering is very effective for creating a large fraction of small grains. Finally, the observational results provided by our galaxies confirm the general relations predicted by the cosmological simulations based on the two-grain size approximation. However, we also present evidence that the simulations could be overestimating the amount of large grains in high massive galaxies.
Anästhesie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Behinderung
Authors: Laschat Michael , Kaufmann Jost , Wappler Frank 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie sichere anästhesiologische Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit körperlichen oder geistigen Behinderungen ist zumeist zeitaufwendig und anspruchsvoll. In diesem Beitrag wollen wir auf Besonderheiten in der perioperativen Versorgung von behinderten Kindern und Jugendlichen hinweisen. Auf die Probleme bei der Anästhesie von Kindern mit Autismus-Spektrum-Störung, infantiler Zerebralparese und Trisomie 21 gehen wir im Anschluss näher ein.
Aktuelle Aspekte der perinatologischen Versorgung
Authors: Singer Dominique 
Published: February 2020

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,in den soeben angebrochenen „20er Jahren“ des 21. Jahrhunderts werden Fragen der perinatologischen Versorgung vermutlich eine zunehmende Rolle spielen: nicht nur wegen der strukturellen und personellen Engpässe, mit denen sich Perinatalzentren hierzulande allerorten konfrontiert sehen; sondern auch wegen der sich mehrenden Erkenntnisse zu den „Developmental Origins of Adult Disease“ (DOAD), die – einmal im gesellschaftlichen Bewusstsein angekommen – diesem Lebensabschnitt hoffentlich mehr politisches Gewicht verleihen werden. In der vorliegenden Ausgabe der Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie (ZGN) stehen unter anderem Aspekte der perinatologischen Versorgung – sowohl seitens der Mütter als auch seitens der Neu- und Frühgeborenen – im Fokus.
Infekt-assoziierte Glomerulonephritiden
Authors: Kimmel Martin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGlomerulonephritis, secondary to bacterial, or, more rarely, viral or parasitic infections, is called infection-associated. The epidemiology of infection-associated glomerulonephritis has changed in recent decades. For a long time, the classic form has been acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APGN), but in developed countries its incidence has declined sharply. However, there is an increase in staphylococcal associated glomerulonephritis (SAGN). The clinical manifestations of APGN and SAGN are different: APGN typically presents with a glomerulonephritis after an infectious latency period (post-infectious), while SAGN typically shows an immune complex glomerulonephritis concomitant with infection (para-infectious). SAGN often presents with an occult infections in older patients with multiple comorbidities.
Glomerulonephritiden – nicht nur für den Nephrologen wichtig
Authors: Stahl Rolf A. K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing health problem in all societies. The role of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in CKD is well established in the medical community. This is not necessarily the case for the various forms of glomerulonephitis (GN). The single entities of GN are rare diseases. In total, glomerulonephritis, however, is accountable for about 20 % of all patients which reach end stage renal disease (ESRD). GN therefore plays an important clinical role. Since many forms of GN have only sparse clinical symptoms at the beginning of the disease and the treatment is only effective in early stages, it is important for patients’ outcome to make an early diagnosis. In case of any – even small – changes in the urine of patients the diagnoses of GN should be considered. It is the purpose of this article to describe the clinical significance and the road to the diagnosis of the most frequent forms of GN to allow an early start of therapy in order to prevent the development of ESRD.
Interventionelle Echokardiografie
Authors: Sinning Jan-Malte , Sinning Christoph 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie interventionelle Echokardiografie (also Echokardiografie während der Herzkatheterintervention) hilft, Strukturen zu visualisieren, die in der Fluoroskopie nicht oder nur schlecht sichtbar sind und erlaubt die Überprüfung der Behandlungsergebnisse vor Abschluss der Prozedur am „schlagenden Herzen“. Am Beispiel der Edge-to-Edge-Rekonstruktion mittels MitraClip lässt sich gut zeigen, dass die Echokardiografie bereits bei der Erfassung der Morphologie bzw. Anatomie eine entscheidende Rolle für die Selektion von Patienten spielt. Während der Prozedur wird die Navigation der Schleusen und Katheter durch zwei- und dreidimensionale Darstellungen in der transösophagealen Echokardiografie erleichtert. Die modernen kathetergestützten Verfahren zur Behandlung struktureller Herzerkrankungen wären ohne die interventionelle Echokardiografie zur Steuerung der Prozedur und direkten Erfolgskontrolle nicht möglich.
Wirksamkeit der Montmorency-Sauerkirsche bei sportlicher Aktivität
Authors: Sigrun Chrubasik-Hausmann Sigrun 
Published: February 2020

SummaryZiel der Untersuchung war es, die Evidenz der Wirksamkeit von Zubereitungen aus Prunus cerasus unter Berücksichtigung der Studienqualität und des untersuchten Wirkstoffs zu updaten. Nach einer Literaturrecherche wurden 19 randomisierte Doppelblindstudien in die Auswertung eingeschlossen. Die Extraktion und Beurteilung der Wirksamkeits-Evidenz erfolgte wie zuvor beschrieben.Wahrscheinlich wurden alle 19 Studien mit Montmorency-Sauerkirschprodukten durchgeführt, der Anthocyangehalt der Produkte variierte. Vier Studien mit konfirmatorischem Studiendesign hatten unterschiedliche Zielkriterien. Drei exploratorische Studien guter Qualität unterstützten nicht die positiven Ergebnisse von drei der konfirmatorischen Studien. Etwa zwei Drittel der Studien schlechter Qualität wiesen auf eine Überlegenheit der Montmorency-Produkte gegenüber Placebo hin. Die Evidenz der Wirksamkeit wird daher gegenwärtig als „mäßig” eingestuft.
Rechtsherzdiagnostik
Authors: Fehske Wolfgang , Du Quoc Bao , Pfeiffer Mareike 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie differenzierte Diagnostik von Rechtsherzerkrankungen (Rechtsherz: RH) ist von zunehmender Bedeutung, da die entsprechenden Patienten klinisch erst spät symptomatisch werden, aber häufig eine hochgradige Form der Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz (TR) zugrunde liegt, die mittels neuer, teils katheterinterventioneller Therapiemöglichkeiten behandelt werden kann. Die Echokardiografie hat eine herausragende Bedeutung zur Erfassung der systolischen Funktion des rechten Ventrikels (RV), der TR und der spezifischen Zeichen der RH-Stauung. Dabei sind die Ergebnisse der Strainanalyse der freien Wand des RV und der 3-D-Analyse mit einzubeziehen. Die Hämodynamik einschließlich der Drücke im RV, rechten Vorhof (RA) und der Pulmonalarterie können abgeschätzt werden, sind aber durch die Auswirkungen der TR nicht in Absolutwerten zu bestimmen. Vor therapeutischen Entscheidungen sind ergänzend ein RH-Katheter und ggf. eine Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) durchzuführen. In einem modularen System der RH-Insuffizienz sollten zukünftig prognoserelevante Parameter vor einer interventionellen oder chirurgischen Therapie festgelegt werden können.
Update Klappenvitien
Authors: Hättasch Robert , Dorta Elena Romero , Knebel Fabian 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Quantifizierung von Klappenvitien gehört zu den häufigsten Fragestellungen in einem Echokardiografielabor. Zwar sind die meisten Parameter, die zur Quantifizierung empfohlen werden, leicht zu messen. Jedoch ist die Integration von verschiedensten anatomischen, hämodynamischen und abgeleiteten Parametern oft schwer, und eine exakte Quantifizierung ist manchmal eine echte Herausforderung. Insbesondere in der modernen Kardiologie, mit zunehmenden differenzialtherapeutischen Optionen bei hochgradigen Klappenvitien, ist eine solide echokardiografische Diagnose und Graduierung von Klappenvitien essenziell.
Entwicklung der Kinder- und Jugendradiologie – Strategiepapier des Vorstands der Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Radiologie (GPR e. V.)
Authors: Mentzel Hans-Joachim , von Kalle Thekla , Antoch Gerald , Born Mark , Habernig Sandra , Hahn Gabriele , Klee Dirk , Koerber Friederike , Leenen Andreas , Riccabona Michael , Schaefer Jürgen F. , Staatz Gundula 
Published: February 2020

Das Strategiepapier der GPR zeigt Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten der Kinder- und Jugendradiologie als Querschnittsfach zwischen der Radiologie und der konservativen und operativen Kinder- und Jugendmedizin auf.
Zitierweise
Breast Milk and Saliva Lactoferrin Levels and Postnatal Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Weimer Kristin E. D. , Roark Hunter , Fisher Kimberley , Cotten C. Michael , Kaufman David A. , Bidegain Margarita , Permar Sallie R. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective Very low birth weight preterm infants are at risk for life-threatening infections in the NICU. Breast milk protects against infections but carries the risk of infection by cytomegalovirus (CMV) shed in mother's milk. Lactoferrin is a breast milk and saliva protein with potent neutralizing activity against CMV.
Study Design VLBW, maternal breast milk fed infants in the NICU and their lactating mothers were enrolled and followed for 3 months/discharge. Breast milk and infant saliva samples were collected biweekly. Maternal CMV status was determined on breast milk. CMV was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and lactoferrin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results In an in vitro neutralization assay, the IC90 of purified human lactoferrin against CMV was 2.08 ng/mL. Bovine lactoferrins were more potent, IC90s > 10-fold higher. Lactoferrin was detected in all breast milk (median: 3.3 × 106 ng/mL) and saliva (median: 84.4 ng/swab) samples. Median CMV load in breast milk was 893 copies/mL. There was no correlation between breast milk lactoferrin concentration and CMV load. Five infants acquired postnatal CMV. There was no difference in saliva or breast milk lactoferrin concentration for mother–infant pairs and postnatal CMV acquisition.
Conclusion Lactoferrin neutralizes CMV in vitro, but concentrations in breast milk and saliva are likely too low for effective neutralization in vivo.
When Right Is on the Left (and Vice Versa): A Case Series of Glioma Patients with Reversed Lateralization of Cognitive Functions
Authors: Mandonnet Emmanuel , Mellerio Charles , Barberis Marion , Poisson Isabelle , Jansma Johan Martijn , Rutten Geert-Jan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report a case series of four patients operated on for a glioma in awake conditions and in whom task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) demonstrated right-dominant activity during a language production task. Language functional sites were identified intraoperatively by electrical stimulations only in the patient with a right-sided lesion. Furthermore, the pre- or postoperative cognitive evaluations in the three patients operated on for a left-sided glioma revealed right spatial neglect and dysexecutive syndrome, hence demonstrating that, in patients with right-dominant activity on language fMRI, the left hemisphere is implicated in spatial consciousness and cognitive control. This study supports the interest of presurgical task-based language fMRI to identify patients with a reversed lateralization of cognitive functions and to make an adequate selection of the battery of intraoperative cognitive tasks to be monitored in those rare outliers.
Revisão das principais deficiências de micronutrientes no pós-operatório do Bypass Gástrico em Y de Roux
Authors: Torezan Erika Franco Gaeti 
Published: February 2020

RESUMO
Introdução: A obesidade é uma doença crônica que está aumentando em todo mundo. Até o presente momento, a cirurgia bariátrica é o único tratamento eficaz para obesidade mórbida que promove e mantém uma perda de peso sustentada, diminuindo a incidência de comorbidades relacionadas ao excesso de peso e melhorando a sobrevida e qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Os Estados Unidos são os campeões no número de cirurgias realizadas, seguidos pelo Brasil. O bypass gástrico em Y de Roux (BPGYR) é o tipo de cirúrgica bariátrica mais seguro e efetivo, correspondendo a cerca de 70 a 75% dos procedimentos bariátricos realizados em todo mundo. Objetivos: Abordar as principais deficiências nutricionais presentes na população submetida ao BPGYR e suas consequências clínicas. Materiais e métodos: Revisão de literatura de artigos publicados nos últimos dez anos relacionados às principais deficiências nutricionais observadas no pós-operatório do BPGYR. Resultados: Aproximadamente 30% dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica desenvolvem deficiências de macro e/ou micronutrientes. No caso do BPGYR, as principais complicações nutricionais de micronutrientes incluem deficiência de ferro, cálcio, ácido fólico e vitamina B12. Nos casos em que há presença de uma alça muito longa, pode haver um risco aumentado de deficiência de vitaminas lipossolúveis (A, D, E, K), ácidos graxos essenciais, cobre e zinco. Conclusão: Todos os pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica devem fazer suplementação de vitaminas e minerais diariamente. Ainda não existe consenso em relação às doses necessárias para evitar tais deficiências. Algumas complicações de micronutrientes surgem meses após o pós-operatório, enquanto outras podem surgir até anos após a realização da cirurgia bariátrica. Por isso, há necessidade de acompanhamento clínico e nutricional dos pacientes e monitorização de possíveis deficiências nutricionais por toda a vida.
Copper deficiency anemia after bariatric surgery
Authors: Pereira ZA , Marchini JS , Silva EA , Carneiro G , Zach P , Zanella MT 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTCopper is a trace mineral essential to hematopoiesis and to the structure and function of the nervous system. Copper acts as a ligand to ferroxidase II, which oxidizes iron, allowing it to be mobilized and transported from the hepatic stores to the bone marrow to be used in erythropoiesis..Copper deficiency is a rare cause of anemia, leukopenia, and myeloneuropathy. In this report we describe a case of a 49 year-old overweight Caucasian woman who was referred June 2008 to the Obesity Outpatient Clinic at UNIFESP for evaluation of muscular pain and weakness in both legs, fatigue and chronic anemia. The past medical history included Scopinaro Surgery for severe obesity in November 2004 when her weight was approximately 180 Kg (BMI 68.6 kg/m2). She lost considerable weight after surgery, with her weight being stable around 80 kg (BMI 30). Because of clinical manifestations of sub nutrition, protein and vitamin deficiencies and severe anemia, which lead to several hospital admissions, in February 2008 she was submitted to another surgery from conversion of the gastrointestinal surgical Scopinaro procedure to that performed by Capella. She also had a history of hypothyroidism, hyperuricemia and panic syndrome, requiring specific medications, beyond parenteral iron and B12 vitamin therapies for anemia. Physical examination revealed a bilateral edema and no other abnormality. Laboratory tests revealed hypoalbuminemia and hypochromic megaloblastic anemia with normal serum levels of B12 vitamin, iron and ferritin. Due to the persistence of the neurologic symptoms and anemia in spite of adequate iron and B12 vitamin therapies, the hypothesis of copper deficiency was considered and a low serum level of 40μg/dl was found. An oral supplementation with high doses of copper resulted in evident clinical and laboratorial improvements after eight weeks of therapy. The diagnosis of copper deficiency has to be part of the differential diagnosis in patients with unexplained neurologic symptoms, anemia, and leukopenia, especially in those who underwent to previous gastrointestinal surgery.
Review of literature: carotenoids, chemical composition and dietary reference intake of buriti fruits
Authors: Taipina Magda S. , Lamardo Leda C. A. , Camilo Campos Norberto , Tavares Mário , Gonzalez Eduardo , Ferreira Jorge Luzia Ilza , Aued-Pimentel Sabria 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTAlthough fruits and vegetables, sources of carotenoids, are widely available in Brazil, hypovitaminosis A constitutes a serious public health problem. There is lack of information available to the population about the dietary sources of carotenoids and factors affecting their bioavailability.The carotenoids also known as bioactive compounds have been associated with the reduction of the risk for degenerative diseases, such as cancer (modulators of immunological responses), cardiovascular diseases, macular degeneration and cataract.In Brazil the utilization of buriti fruit is not widespread; it is consumed only by the local population of some parts of the North and Central regions. Among those foods, out the foods of buritizeiro, the buriti has the highest content of β-carotene among the numerous foods already analyzed, as well as a source of oleic fatty acid, similar to olive oil.The buriti fruit provides the needs of DRI.s (Dietary Reference Intake) of vitamin A for adult, being a good source of nutrition, knowing the variety of foods that composes a balanced diet. Also, the buriti fruit is a natural source of β-carotene (provitamin A). Also, it has antioxidant power by having carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamin C compared to other vegetables, can be considered a functional food.
Presentation of Cancer Reversal Nutrition Physical Program (CRNPP)
Authors: Silveira Teresinha Madureira de Faria , Federmann Sidney 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to review the national and international literature on the benefits of sprouted wheat as an alternative source of vitamin B12. Since it is an inexpensive food and easily accessible worldwide, this could be better used in nutritional therapies in conjunction with conventional treatment to optimize its effects and shorten the rehabilitation of the patient’s immune system during chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Given the general deficiency of food in the world, especially those with good quality protein, it is interesting to research procedures that could improve the nutritional value of2 foods available. The sprouted wheat is a food that could be better used in therapeutic diets, because besides being an affordable and low cost food, is great source of B vitamins, especially vitamin B12, containing 4.8 micrograms of B12 per gram of germinated wheat (19). (The sprouted wheat still have significant concentrations apigenin and flavonoids, substances also found in fruits and vegetables, and which have an important role in inhibiting cancer cells). We will also present a program of nutrition and physical activity to support the reversal and remission of cancer.
Emotions through texts and images
Authors: Bouko Catherine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We analyzed in multimodal Flickr posts how citizens express emotion in response to the outcome of the EU
Referendum that led to the Brexit vote. We conceived a model that articulates three levels of analysis, in a bid to understand how
meaning operates, namely how inscribed, signalled and/or supported emotion is expressed in narrative and/or conceptual
representations, in image and in text, through logico-semantic relations of expansion, projection and/or decoration. We tested
this model empirically on a corpus of 173 posts. Our results reveal that emotion is very often supported through images and that
narrative representations are particularly prevalent in the text.
Laser diodes with modulated optical injection: towards a simple signal processing unit?
Authors: Desmet Remco , Virte Martin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The idea of using the dynamical behaviour of a semiconductor laser to perform a certain processing operation of an input signal has been around for quite a long time. While the unidirectional optical injection scheme seems well suited to such a target—with the injection serving as an optical carrier for the input signal—the impact of a modulation of the injection beam still requires thorough investigation. Here, we study the case of an optically injected laser with a simple single-tone modulation term added to the injection signal. We analyse the impact of amplitude modulation on the laser dynamics, and particularly focus on the evolution within the injection locking range. We highlight clear passband behaviour corresponding to the laser resonance at its relaxation oscillation frequency, and characterize its features for various parameter changes. Next, we report dramatic differences between amplitude and phase modulation as the latter quickly leads to a loss of the injection locking and to the emergence of chaotic dynamics in place from the passband response identified in the case of amplitude modulation. At last, we discuss the suitability of using laser diodes for signal filtering, as was recently proposed by others, and identify the main remaining issues that need to be overcome.
Camus, from reporter to editorialist
Authors: Gloag Oliver 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Camus became a journalist during the tumultuous 1930s. Hitler was in power in Germany. The Spanish Civil War had been raging for two years and would end in 1939 with the victory of the military dictatorship led by Franco. Meanwhile, in France, a new movement, the Popular Front, had taken over. ‘Camus, from reporter to editorialist’ explains how, in this context, Camus continued his own kind of commitment to social justice as a journalist on Pascal Pia’s Alger républicain. Early editorials capture Camus’s ambiguous political position: he wanted justice for all, but within the confines of an unjust colonial society. Camus’s pacifism and his role as a public spokesperson for the resistance are also described.