bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between perceived high‐performance work systems, combinations of human resource well‐being and human resource performance attributions and engagement
Authors: Alfes Kerstin , Veld Monique , Fürstenberg Nils 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResearch has demonstrated that employees' human resource (HR) attributions are relevant in influencing individual and organisational outcomes. This paper adds to the literature by exploring the extent to which employees' perceptions of the presence of high‐performance work systems (HPWS) are related to HR well‐being and HR performance attributions. Drawing from the employment relationship literature and the job demands–resources model, we further suggest that both HR attributions interact to jointly influence engagement. Survey data from 484 employees largely confirm our interactive dual‐mediation model, indicating that HPWS are positively and significantly associated with both HR attributions. Our findings also support our hypothesised interactive effect of HR well‐being and HR performance attributions on engagement and a conditional indirect effect of HPWS on engagement via the interactive effect. The paper contributes to the strategic HR literature by focussing on the antecedents of HR attributions and by considering their interactive effect on employee outcomes.
PCAOB Inspections and the Differential Audit Quality Effect for Big 4 and Non–Big 4 US Auditors*
Authors: Khurana Inder K. , Lundstrom Nathan G. , Raman K. K. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigate whether the increase in regulatory scrutiny epitomized by the initial PCAOB inspection impacted audit quality differentially for Big 4 and non–Big 4 auditors to better understand the consequences of PCAOB inspections for different audit firm types. Because of competing views on the effect of PCAOB inspections, the relation between PCAOB inspections and the audit quality differential between Big 4 and other auditors is an empirical issue. Empirically, we take the endogenous choice of auditor as a given and utilize a difference‐in‐differences specification that takes into account the staggered timing of the initial PCAOB inspection for different‐sized auditors in the United States. Our results suggest that the initial PCAOB inspection improved audit quality more for Big 4 auditors than for other annually inspected or triennially inspected non–Big 4 auditors. We also examine annually and triennially inspected non–Big 4 auditors separately, and find that the pre‐post Big 4/non–Big 4 differential audit quality effect is more pronounced for the triennially inspected non–Big 4 firms. In the larger context of the highly concentrated US audit market, our findings that PCAOB inspections accentuate the Big 4/non–Big 4 audit quality differential are of potential interest to public company audit clients contemplating an auditor change, investors interested in learning about the consequences of PCAOB inspections, regulators concerned about the Big 4 dominance of the US audit market, and academics investigating audit quality differences.
A simple technique to reconstruct medium to large scalp defects with exposed bone
Authors: Tiwari Shevya Manjri , Elliott Timothy G. , Tan Ernest 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMedium to large scalp defects with exposed bone can pose particular challenges to the dermatologic surgeon. Most of the publications pertaining to the repair of such defects are presented in the plastic surgery literature. Dermatologic surgeons may have less experience in this area and be hesitant to pursue surgery when these defects may be encountered. The technique described below is a simple, one‐stage reconstruction, with a short healing period, providing adequate cosmesis, and is within the capability of most dermatologic surgeons.
Psoriasis: A bibliometric analysis in the Arab World (2004–2019)
Authors: Daou Lea , El Hage Said , Wakim Elias , Safi Steven , Salameh Pascale 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a relatively common inflammatory skin disease with systemic implications. Psoriasis data seem to arise from a select number of countries, while other areas in the world with different genetics and ethnicities, especially Arab countries have a questionable input.AimThis study aims to quantitatively assess Arab countries contributions in psoriasis research.MethodsThe number of publications related to psoriasis for each of the 22 Arab countries was found on PubMed for every year between 2004 and 2019, and then, the total for each country was normalised according to three parameters: average population, Gross Domestic Product and psoriasis disability‐adjusted life years. In addition, the number of psoriasis articles was also retrieved for 2 other groups: South America and Far East Asia, for comparison.ResultsOnly 1.53% of all psoriasis research published between 2004 and 2019 originates from Arab countries (vs. 2.06% from South American countries and 13.2% from Far East Asian countries), and psoriasis articles make up only 0.15% of the total publications from Arab countries (vs. 0.10% for both South American and Far East Asian countries). Egypt scored the highest number of psoriasis‐related articles and accounted on its own for almost half the number of psoriasis publications (47.9%) from Arab countries. When normalised according to the 3 parameters, other Arab countries also rose to prominence; Kuwait had the highest number of publications per million persons, and Tunisia had the highest number of publications per GDP. However, Egypt ranked once again first as having the highest number of publications per 1% psoriasis‐related DALY. Among the three parameters, the average population size proved to be the most strongly correlated with the number of psoriasis publications in a given country.ConclusionThere is an incontestable need for more research related to psoriasis in Arab countries as the numbers are still very low reflecting many difficulties standing In the way of research in general in the Arab world.
Is pregnancy an immunological contributor to severe or controlled COVID‐19 disease?
Authors: Hanna Nazeeh , Hanna Monica , Sharma Surendra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSince its emergence in Wuhan as a novel coronavirus disease, it has taken only a few months since January 2020 for it to be recognized as a widespread COVID‐19 pandemic which has contributed to global health devastation. As pointed out by health experts, it is a once in a century pandemic of our times. Clinical observations so far indicate that the older population and immune compromised individuals, particularly in African American and Hispanic/Latino communities, are at much higher risk for infection with this novel coronavirus. In this regard, pregnancy offers an altered immunity scenario which may allow severe COVID‐19 disease. The literature is so far highly conflicting on this issue. This review will offer a conceptual basis for severe or controlled disease and address trepidations for pregnant women associated with COVID‐19 pandemic, particularly in the comparative context of clinical consequences of other coronaviruses such as SARS and MERS. We will highlight the possible consequences of COVID‐19 on the general health of pregnant women as well as its possible effects at the maternal‐fetal interface. For the placenta‐related pathology, we will focus our discussion on the temporal expression of ACE2 throughout gestation for possible propagation of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the placenta in infected women and ensuing consequences.
High‐grade cervical lesions after vaccination against human papillomavirus: A Danish cohort study
Authors: Thamsborg Lise Holst , Napolitano George , Larsen Lise Grupe , Lynge Elsebeth 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionIt is pertinent to evaluate the impact of vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) in real life. The aim of the study was to evaluate the real‐life impact of HPV vaccination in the first birth cohort of Danish women offered free HPV vaccination as girls and invited to screening at the age of 23 years.Material and methodsWomen born in 1993 were offered free HPV vaccination at the age of 15 years but women born in 1983 have never been offered free HPV vaccination. We followed these two birth cohorts for 10 years from the age of 15 to after their first invitation to screening, and compared the risk of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Data were obtained from Danish national health registers.ResultsVaccination coverage was 91% in the 1993 birth cohort and <0.1% in the 1983 cohort. Screening coverage was close to 80% in both cohorts. CIN2+ was detected in 4% of the 15 748 screened women born in 1983 and in 3% of the 19 951 screened women born in 1993. The risk of high‐grade CIN was reduced by about 30% in the 1993 cohort compared with the 1983 cohort; for CIN2+ relative risk 0.74 (95% CI 0.66‐0.82) and for CIN3+ relative risk 0.68 (95% CI 0.58‐0.79).ConclusionsThis study investigated the real‐life impact of quadrivalent HPV vaccination by comparing a cohort of women offered HPV vaccination with a cohort of women not offered HPV vaccination. The observed decrease in the detection of high‐grade cervical lesions following HPV vaccination is in line with results from the randomized trials and has important implications for future cervical screening of HPV vaccinated cohorts.
Comparison of extended right hemicolectomy, left hemicolectomy and segmental colectomy for splenic flexure colon cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hajibandeh S. , Hajibandeh S. , Hussain I. , Zubairu A. , Akbar F. , Maw A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this work was to compare the outcomes of extended right hemicolectomy (ERH), left hemicolectomy (LH) and segmental colectomy (SC) for the surgical management of splenic flexure tumours.MethodIn compliance with PRISMA statement standards, a systematic review was performed to identify all studies comparing outcomes of ERH, LH and SC for the surgical management of splenic flexure tumours. Primary outcomes included anastomotic leakage and all postoperative complications. The secondary outcomes included operative time, R0 resection, number of harvested lymph nodes, > 12 harvested lymph nodes, severe complications, postoperative mortality, paralytic ileus, wound infection, pancreatic fistula, intra‐abdominal abscess, need for reoperation, length of hospital stay, 5‐year overall survival and 5‐year disease‐free survival. The ROBINS‐I tool and GRADE system were used to assess the risk of bias and certainty of evidence, respectively.ResultsAnalysis of 956 patients from seven observational studies showed that ERH was associated with more paralytic ileus than LH (OR 2.74, P = 0.002) and SC (OR 6.67, P < 0.0001) and the operative time was shorter in SC than in ERH (mean difference 25.48, P < 0.0001) and LH (mean difference −17.94, P = 0.0002). There were no differences between ERH, LH and SC in terms of anastomotic leakage, postoperative complications, R0 resection, severe complications, postoperative mortality, wound infection, pancreatic fistula, intra‐abdominal abscess, need for reoperation, length of hospital stay, > 12 harvested lymph nodes, 5‐year overall survival and 5‐year disease‐free survival.ConclusionsThe available evidence, limited to observational studies, suggests that there is no difference between ERH, LH and SC in terms of postoperative morbidity and mortality, lymph node yield and cancer survival. Randomized controlled trials are required for definite conclusions.
Establishment of risk prediction model and risk score for in‐hospital mortality in patients with AECOPD
Authors: Yu Xing , Zhu Gui‐Ping , Cai Teng‐Fei , Zheng Jian‐Yi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveRisk stratification for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) may help clinicians choose appropriate treatments and improve the quality of care.MethodsA total of 695 patients hospitalized with AECOPD from January 2015 to December 2017 were considered. They were assigned to a death and a survival cohort. The independent prognostic factors were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Meanwhile, we also compared the new scale with three other scores and tested the new scale internally and externally.ResultsA new risk score was created, made up of six independent variables: age, D‐dimer, albumin, cardiac troponin I, partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygenation index. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) for the model was 0.929, and the other three CURB‐65, DECAF and BAP‐65 models were 0.718, 0.922 and 0.708. The Cohen’s kappa coefficient between the new scale and DECAF was calculated to be 0.648, suggesting that there is a substantial consistency between the two. In the internal and external validation cohorts, 490 and 500 patients were recruited with a total mortality rate of 5.15%. The AUROC for in‐hospital mortality was 0.937 in the internal cohort and 0.914 in external cohort, which was significantly better than the scores for CURB‐65 and BAP‐65, but it was not significantly different from the DECAF.ConclusionsThe new scale may help to stratify the risk of in‐hospital mortality of AECOPD. The DECAF performed as well as the new instrument, and it appears to be valid in Chinese patients.
A case of YAP1 and NUTM1 rearranged porocarcinoma with corresponding immunohistochemical expression: Review of recent advances in poroma and porocarcinoma pathogenesis with potential diagnostic utility
Authors: Parra Ourania , Kerr Darcy A. , Bridge Julia A. , Loehrer Andrew P. , Linos Konstantinos 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPorocarcinoma is a rare malignant adnexal tumor with predilection for the lower extremities and the head and neck region of older adults. This entity may arise de novo or in association with a benign poroma. Porocarcinoma's non‐specific clinical appearance, immunohistochemical profile, and divergent differentiation may occasionally be diagnostically challenging. Recently, highly recurrent YAP1 and NUTM1 gene rearrangements have been described in cases of poroma and porocarcinoma. In this report, we present a case of porocarcinoma with squamous differentiation in an 81‐year‐old woman which harbored rearrangement of the YAP1 and NUTM1 loci and was diffusely immunoreactive for NUTM1. We discuss the recent advancements in the pathogenesis of poromas and porocarcinomas with emphasis on the clinical utility of the NUTM1 antibody.
Reconsidering peasant communes in the Levant,c. 1850s–1940s†
Authors: Nadan Amos 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe unfounded belief that there was a peasant commune in the Levant very similar to the Russianmir, and that it was inefficient, precluded historians from understanding the true role of the institution ofmushāʿ in this region. Themushāʿ land title represented the attachment of a particular community to specific plots of land. In this context, ‘community’ often meant nuclear and extended families in suprahouseholds, as well as the entire village. People in these communities tended to derive income from land according to recognized arrangements such as mutual use of grazing lands, and joint or individual cultivation with or without land repartition among cultivators. The comparison withmirwas relevant only for one form of the institution, namely, repartitionedmushāʿ. Redistribution or repartition varied according to specific ‘factors of production’ or to informal and formal property rights. It did not prove less efficient than the reformed, individualized system of land management, and was possibly more effective in resisting laws that allowed the seizure of lands that had not been cultivated for three years. All forms ofmushāʿ required greater communal mutual support and responsibility, which significantly reduced risks in times of crisis.
Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of comprehensive assessment of at risk mental states
Authors: Yokuşoğlu Çağdaş , Ercis Mete , Çağlar Nuran , Aydemir Ömer , Üçok Alp 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsTo perform the validation of the Comprehensive Assessment at Risk Mental State (CAARMS) in Turkish.MethodsSixty‐five volunteers (15‐24 years) were enrolled in this study. Concurrent validity was performed with Spearman's Correlation Test using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Median scores of the groups were compared using Mann‐Whitney U Test. Interrater reliability was assessed by intragroup correlation coefficient method. Internal consistency was studied by the calculation of Cronbach Alfa Coefficient.ResultsThe correlation of the severity scores of the CAARMS with unusual thought content, suspiciousness, hallucinations and conceptual disorganization items of the BPRS showed that the concurrent validity was good. ROC analysis revealed that CAARMS could discriminate between individuals with UHR and healthy volunteers well. We found a good correlation between the raters. Internal consistency was at very high level.ConclusionAnalyses of concurrent validity, criterion validity, interrater reliability and internal consistency indicate that the Turkish version is valid and reliable.
Poly I:C‐induced maternal immune challenge reduces perineuronal net area and raises spontaneous network activity of hippocampal neurons in vitro
Authors: Wegrzyn David , Manitz Marie‐Pierre , Kostka Michael , Freund Nadja , Juckel Georg , Faissner Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractActivation of the maternal immune system (MIA) during gestation is linked to neuropsychiatric diseases like schizophrenia. While many studies address behavioural aspects, less is known about underlying cellular mechanisms. In the following study, BALB/c mice received intraperitoneal injections of polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) (20 µg/ml) or saline (0.9%) at gestation day (GD) 9.5 before hippocampal neurons were isolated and cultured from embryonic mice for further analysis. Interestingly, strongest effects were observed when the perineuronal net (PNN) wearing subpopulation of neurons was analysed. Here, a significant reduction of aggrecan staining intensity, area and soma size could be detected. Alterations of PNNs are often linked to neuropsychiatric diseases, changes in synaptic plasticity and in electrophysiology. Utilizing multielectrode array analysis (MEA), we observed a remarkable increase of the spontaneous network activity in neuronal networks after 21 days in vitro (DIV) when mother mice suffered a prenatal immune challenge. As PNNs are associated with GABAergic interneurons, our data indicate that this neuronal subtype might be stronger affected by a prenatal MIA. Degradation or damage of this subtype might cause the hyperexcitability observed in the whole network. In addition, embryonic neurons of the Poly I:C condition developed significantly shorter axons after five days in culture, while dendritic parameters and apoptosis rate remained unchanged. Structural analysis of synapse numbers revealed an increase of postsynaptic density 95 (PSD‐95) puncta after 14 DIV and an increase of presynaptic vesicular glutamate transporter (vGlut) puncta after 21 DIV, while inhibitory synaptic proteins were not altered.
Antimicrobial regional limb perfusion: Does it really fight infection?
Authors: Rubio‐Martínez L. M. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryOver the last decades the use of antimicrobial regional limb perfusion (A‐RLP) has increased and A‐RLP is nowadays commonly used to treat orthopaedic infections by many equine practitioners. There have been a large number of studies published on the use of A‐RLP, many of which describe regional drug pharmacokinetics and clinical safety of the administration of different antimicrobials by A‐RLP. A limited number of studies describe the clinical use of A‐RLP as prophylactic or therapeutic treatment. However, despite being in use for 30 years there is still limited evidence about the efficacy of A‐RLP as a means to prevent and treat orthopaedic infections in horses.
Finite element and experimental study on multiaxial fatigue analysis of rail clip failures
Authors: Liu Zhufeng , Tsang Kin Shun , Liu Yang , Pang John Hock Lye 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe rail clip fastening system is an important structural component of railway track systems providing flexibility and turnover resistance for running rails. High replacement frequency of fasteners was observed compared with other components because of fatigue failures of rail clips. In this study, implicit and explicit finite element (FE) models were developed for E‐clip and Fast‐clip with material and fatigue properties obtained from experimental testing. The fatigue loading experiments were conducted to determine the strain‐life relationship. The assessments of the fatigue damage and fatigue life were analysed using the FE results for the rail clip strain/stress components with the Fatemi‐Socie multiaxial fatigue criterion. A time‐efficient smallest enclosing circle algorithm was developed to search the critical plane orientation and the maximum shear strain amplitude for fatigue analysis. This work provides a method for FE and experimental study of multiaxial fatigue analysis of rail clip failures subjected to dynamic loading.
Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemism
Authors: Flantua Suzette G. A. , Payne Davnah , Borregaard Michael K. , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Steinbauer Manuel J. , Dullinger Stefan , Essl Franz , Irl Severin D. H. , Kienle David , Kreft Holger , Lenzner Bernd , Norder Sietze J. , Rijsdijk Kenneth F. , Rumpf Sabine B. , Weigelt Patrick , Field Richard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimMountains and islands are both well known for their high endemism. To explain this similarity, parallels have been drawn between the insularity of “true islands” (land surrounded by water) and the isolation of habitats within mountains (so‐called “mountain islands”). However, parallels rarely go much beyond the observation that mountaintops are isolated from one another, as are true islands. Here, we challenge the analogy between mountains and true islands by re‐evaluating the literature, focusing on isolation (the prime mechanism underlying species endemism by restricting gene flow) from a dynamic perspective over space and time.FrameworkWe base our conceptualization of “isolation” on the arguments that no biological system is completely isolated; instead, isolation has multiple spatial and temporal dimensions relating to biological and environmental processes. We distinguish four key dimensions of isolation: (a) environmental difference from surroundings; (b) geographical distance to equivalent environment [points (a) and (b) are combined as “snapshot isolation”]; (c) continuity of isolation in space and time; and (d) total time over which isolation has been present [points (c) and (d) are combined as “isolation history”]. We evaluate the importance of each dimension in different types of mountains and true islands, demonstrating that substantial differences exist in the nature of isolation between and within each type. In particular, different types differ in their initial isolation and in the dynamic trajectories they follow, with distinct phases of varying isolation that interact with species traits over time to form present‐day patterns of endemism.ConclusionsOur spatio‐temporal definition of isolation suggests that the analogy between true islands and mountain islands masks important variation of isolation over long time‐scales. Our understanding of endemism in isolated systems can be greatly enriched if the dynamic spatio‐temporal dimensions of isolation enter models as explanatory variables and if these models account for the trajectories of the history of a system.