bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small Auxin Up RNAs influence the distribution of indole-3-acetic acid and play a potential role in increasing seed size in Euryale ferox Salisb.
Authors: Huang Zhiheng , Bao Ke , Jin Zonghui , Wang Qian , Duan Huifang , Zhu Yayin , Zhang Sen , Wu Qinan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Aquatic Euryale ferox Salisb. is an economically important crop in China and India. Unfortunately, low yield limitations seriously hinder market growth. Unveiling the control of seed size is of remarkable importance in improvement of crops. Here, we generated a new hybrid line (HL) with larger seeds by crossing South Gordon Euryale and North Gordon Euryale (WT) which hasn’t been reported before. However, the functional genes and molecular mechanisms controlling the seed size in Euryale ferox Salisb. remain unclear. In this study, we focused on the exploration of candidate regulatory genes participated in regulating seed size by investigating the new hybrid generation. Results: Both concentration and localization of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at two growth stages of fruits of WT and HL were detected by LC-MS and immunofluorescence. Although IAA content between the two lines did not differ, IAA distribution was significantly different. To elucidate the mechanism and to seek the key genes underlying this difference, RNA-seq was performed on young fruits at the two selected growth stages, and differentially expressed genes related to the auxin transduction pathway were selected for further analysis. Conclusion: Hybrid Euryale ferox Salisb. expressed significant heterosis, resulting in non-prickly, thin-coated, large seeds, which accounted for the significantly larger yield of HL than that of WT. Our study indicated that Small Auxin Up RNAs (SAURs) -mediated localization of IAA regulates seed size in Euryale ferox Salisb. We found that some SAURs may act as a positive mediator of the auxin transduction pathway, thereby contributing to the observed heterosis.
Impacts of skull stripping on construction of three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging-based brain structural network in full-term neonates
Authors: Wang Geliang , Hu Yajie , Li Xianjun , Wang Miaomiao , Liu Congcong , Yang Jian , Jin Chao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Skull stripping remains a challenge for neonatal brain MR image analysis. However, little is known about how accuracy of the skull stripping affects the neonatal brain tissue segmentation and subsequent network construction. This paper therefore aimed to clarify this issue by comparing two automatic (FMRIB Software Library's Brain Extraction Tool, BET; Infant Brain Extraction and Analysis Toolbox, iBEAT) and a semiautomatic (iBEAT with manual correction) processes in constructing 3D T1-Weighted Imaging (T1WI)-based brain structural network. Methods: Twenty-two full-term neonates (gestational age, 37-42 weeks; boys/girls, 13/9) without abnormalities on MRI who underwent brain 3D T1WI were retrospectively recruited. Two automatic (BET and iBEAT) and a semiautomatic preprocessing (iBEAT with manual correction) workflows were separately used to perform the skull stripping. Brain tissue segmentation and volume calculation were performed by a John Hopkins atlas-based method. Sixty-four gray matter regions were selected as nodes; volume covariance network and its properties (clustering coefficient, C p ; characteristic path length, L p ; local efficiency, E local ; global efficiency, E global ) were calculated by GRETNA. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences in the calculated volume between three workflows. Results: There were significant differences in volumes of 50 brain regions between three workflows ( P <0.05). Three neonatal brain structural networks presented small-world topology. The semiautomatic workflow showed remarkably decreased C p , increased L p , decreased E local , and decreased E global , in contrast to two automatic ones. Conclusions: Imperfect skull stripping indeed affected the accuracy of brain structural network in full-term neonates.
FGF21 alleviates neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke by modulating the temporal and spatial dynamics of microglia/macrophages
Authors: Wang Dongxue , Liu Fei , Zhu Liyun , Lin Ping , Han Fanyi , Wang Xue , Tan Xianxi , Lin Li , Xiong Ye 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Resident microglia and macrophages are the predominant contributors to neuroinflammation and immune reactions, which play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury. Controlling inflammatory responses is considered a promising therapeutic approach for stroke. Recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 21 (rhFGF21) has anti-inflammatory properties by modulating microglia and macrophages, but our knowledge of the inflammatory modulation of rhFGF21 in focal cerebral ischemia is lacking. Therefore, we investigated whether rhFGF21 improves ischemic outcomes in experimental stroke by targeting microglia and macrophages. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and randomly divided into groups that received intraperitoneal rhFGF21 or vehicle daily starting at 6 h after reperfusion. Behavior assessments were monitored for 14 d after tMACO and the gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed with qPCR. The phenotypic variation of microglia/macrophages and the presence of infiltrated immune cells were examined by flow cytometry and immunostaining. Additionally, magnetic cell sorting (MACS) in combination with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to purify microglia and macrophages. Results: rhFGF21 administration ameliorated neurological deficits in behavioral tests by regulating the secretion of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. rhFGF21 also attenuated the polarization of microglia/macrophages toward the M1 phenotype and the accumulation of peripheral immune cells after stroke, accompanied by a temporal evolution of the phenotype of microglia/macrophages and infiltration of peripheral immune cells. Furthermore, rhFGF21 treatment through its actions on FGF receptor 1(FGFR1) inhibited M1 polarization of microglia and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by suppressing nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB ) and upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPAR-γ. conclusion： In summary, rhFGF21 treatment promoted functional recovery in experimental stroke by modulating microglia/macrophage-mediated neuroinflammation via the NF-κB and PPAR-γ signaling pathways, making it a potential anti-inflammatory agent for stroke treatment.
Determinants and impact of role-related time use allocation on self-reported health among married men and women: a cross-national comparative study
Authors: Jonsson Kenisha Russell , Oberg Gustav , Samkange-Zeeb Florence , Adjei Nicholas Kofi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Research on the effects of marriage on health has largely maintained that there is a distinctly gender-specific gradient in health, with men deriving far greater benefits than women. One reason provided for these differences is the disproportionate amount of time spent by women on housework activities and childcare. However, this hypothesis has yet to be explicitly tested for these role-related time use activities. This study provides empirical evidence on the associations between role-related time use activities (i.e. housework, childcare and paid work) and self-reported health among married men and women. Methods Data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) on 32,881 men and 26,915 women from Germany, Italy, Spain, UK and the US were analyzed. Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate the association between role-related time use activities and self-reported health among married men and women. Results The findings showed that education, occupation and number of children were the most consistent predictors of time allocation among married men and women. Significant gender differences were also found in time allocation, with women sacrificing paid working time or reducing time devoted to housework for childcare. Men, in contrast, were less likely to reduce paid working hours to increase time allocation to childcare, but instead reduced time allocation to housework. Allocating more time to paid work and childcare was associated with good health, whereas time spent in housework was associated with poor health, especially among women. Conclusions Time allocations to role-related activities have differential associations on health and these effects varies by gender and across countries. To reduce the gender health gap among married men and women, public policies need to take into account social and gender roles.
The association between metabolic syndrome and elevated serum alanine transaminase levels in an indigenous population in Northern Taiwan: a community-based study
Authors: Chen Yi-Fang , Lin Yen-An , Yeh Wei-Chung , Tsao Yu-Chung , Li Wen-Cheng , Chen I-Ju , Chen Jau-Yuan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a prevalent health condition in Taiwan, places individuals at higher risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stroke. Therefore, the identification of risk factors associated with MetS is crucial. Nevertheless, only limited studies about MetS have been conducted among indigenous peoples in Taiwan; these studies identified a high prevalence of MetS among an indigenous population, which encouraged us to investigate further. Thus, our study aims to determine the prevalence of MetS among the northern Taiwanese indigenous population and to explore the relationship between MetS and associated risk factors, especially serum alanine transaminase (ALT). Methods: This is an observational, population-based, cross-sectional study that was conducted in remote villages of an indigenous community in northern Taiwan between 2010 and 2015. A total of 454 participants, 47.36% male and 52.64% female, were eligible for analysis. The participants underwent anthropometric assessment and measurements of blood pressure, serum triglyceride levels, fasting plasma glucose levels, serum HDL-C levels and serum ALT levels. MetS was defined based on the revised NCEP/ATPIII criteria from Taiwan Health Promotion Administration. Results: A total of 454 participants were included in the analysis. There were 277 people with MetS and 177 people without. The prevalence of MetS was 61.01%. The average age was 49.50 years old. People with MetS had a significantly higher ALT level (24.00 (17-36) U/L vs. 19.00 (15-26) U/L, p<0.001) than those without MetS. In addition, the chi-square comparison showed that participants with ALT levels>36 U/L had a tendency towards a higher prevalence of MetS (76.7% vs. 57.3%, p=0.001) than those with ALT levels≤36 U/L. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of ALT levels >36 U/L for MetS was 2.79 (95% CI=1.24-6.27, p=0.01). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the ALT level was 0.63 (95% CI=0.58-0.68, p<0.001), which showed that the ALT level was positively associated with MetS. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of MetS was 61.01% in the highland indigenous population in Northern Taiwan, which suggests an unignorable health problem that should actively be addressed. Furthermore, these findings indicated that higher serum ALT levels (>36 U/L) were associated with an increased risk of MetS.
Study on the ability of the three-dose-volume-histogram-gamma (3DVH-γ) analysis and bio-mathematical model in detecting dose changes caused by dose-calculation-grid-size (DCGS)
Authors: Bai Han , Zhu Sijin , Wu Xingrao , Liu Xuhong , Chen Feihu , Yan Jiawen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective : To explore the efficacy and sensitivity of 3DVH-γanalysis and bio-mathematical model for cervical cancer in detecting dose changes caused by dose-calculation-grid-size(DCGS). Methods： 17 patients’ plans for cervical cancer were enrolled（Pinnacle TPS，VMAT）, and the DCGS was changed from 2.0mm to 5.0mm to calculate the planned dose respectively. The dose distribution calculated by DCGS = 2.0mm as the “ reference ” data set (RDS) , the dose distribution calculated by the rest DCGS as the“measurement”data set (MDS), the 3DVH-γ passing rates and the (N)TCPs of the all structures under different DCGS were obtained , and then analyze the ability of 3DVH-γ analysis and (N)TCP model in detecting dose changes and what factors affect this ability. Results: The effect of DCGS on planned dose was obvious. When the γ-standard was 1.0mm, 1.0% and 10.0%, the difference of the results of the DCGS on dose-effect could be detected by 3DVH-γ analysis ( p s<0.05). With the decline of the standard, 3DVH-γ analysis’ ability to detect this difference shows weaker. When the standard was 1.0mm, 3.0% and 10.0%, the p value of >0.05 accounted for the majority. With DCGS=2.0mm being RDS, ∆γ-passing-rate presented the same trend with ∆(N)TCPs of all structures except for the femurs only when the 1.0mm, 1.0% and 10.0% standards were adopted for the 3DVH-γ analysis. Conclusions: The 3DVH-γ analysis and bio-mathematical model can be used to analyze the effect of DCGS on the planned dose. For comparison, the former’s detection ability has a lot to do with the designed standard, and the latter’s capability is related to the parameters and calculated accuracy instrinsically.
A review of privacy-preserving human and human activity recognition
Authors: Jung Im Y. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Many automation technologies using software are making humans convenient. One of these technologies is to collect data through cameras and sensors that are common in personal life and automatically recognize human and human activities. The goal of automation is to analyze the various types of big data that are difficult to perform mechanical data mining. Raw data collected from cameras and sensors are nothing but big data before analysis. In this case, how to protect data by secure storage is the most important issue. However, when the context-aware semantic information such as a specific person and his behavior is extracted from the analysis, the security sensitivity is increased. In other words, the secondary information generated by interpreting and extracting personal location and behavioral information contained in images and videos is linked to other personal information, causing privacy infringement issues. Privacy issues become important because there is a lot of software that everyone can access. Therefore, it is necessary to study privacy protection methods in the automatic recognition of human and human activities. This paper analyzes the cutting-edge research trends, techniques, and issues of privacy-preserving human and human activity recognition.
Predicting children's blood lead levels from exposure to school drinking water in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Debebe Dawit , Behulu Fiseha , Getaneh Zerihun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Human beings could be exposed to impacts associated with heavy metals such as lead (Pb) through drinking water. The objective of this study was to evaluate quality of water consumed by kindergarten school children in Addis Ababa city, who are highly susceptible to issues related to heavy metals in water. Through conducting chemical analysis, using microwave plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry (MP-AES), the level of lead (Pb) was measured at 38 selected schools in the city. Drinking water samples were taken from three water supply sub-systems: Akaki, Legedadi, and Gefersa. Results revealed the average Pb concentration in the city was 62.37 μg/L which is significantly higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended threshold value of 10 μg/L. The children's blood lead levels and exposure to Pb were also calculated using the integrated exposure uptake bio-kinetic (IEUBK) model as per USEPA guidelines. Estimated geometric mean blood lead levels (BLLs) for each school ranged from 4.4 to 13.2 μg/dL. On average, the model predicted that 20% of children in the city will have blood lead levels above the WHO recommended 10 μg/dL. The study can be considered as an unprecedented piece of work as it addresses critical issues and methods to mitigate problems caused by high concentration of Pb in water supply distribution infrastructure.
Sedimentary nitrogen fractions and source assignment from different inflows to a receiving lake
Authors: Li Xiaojun , Zhao Yanping , Wang Guoxiang , Han Ruiming , Dang Xinyi , Li Zhuoran , Ren Jiafeng , Gao Chenxi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The spatial distribution of the sediment nitrogen in ten typical estuaries of Lake Taihu was determined. A simple quantitative estimation model and principal component analysis (PCA) method were applied to find the source and major factors of estuarine sediment nitrogen loading. The average concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), organic nitrogen (Org-N), ammonium nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen in the sediments of the ten estuaries were 1315.5, 1220.1, 82.53 and 6.45 mg/kg, with the organic fraction dominating. Results showed a significant difference for the TN concentration in sediments of different estuaries, which was mainly caused by geographical location, land use type and vegetation restoration measures. An important result was that sediment nitrogen in 80% of the estuaries was mainly originated from autochthonous algae and presettled organic matter, although there has been continuous pollution input from inflow rivers. The source estimation results found that the autochthonous aquaculture excretion, algae and hydrophyte debris and buried biodetritus accounted for 58.9% of the total nitrogen loading, which dominated the nitrogen sources compared with the pollution input. In addition, the PCA method was used to find that phosphorus loading and redox conditions were the major limiting factors affecting the distribution of inorganic and , respectively.
The Effect of Chalcones on the Main Sources of Reactive Species Production: Possible Therapeutic Implications in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sousa Adelaide , Ribeiro Daniela , Fernandes Eduarda , Freitas Marisa 
Published: May 2020

:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycaemia, resulting from defects
in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. There are several factors such as hyperlipidemia and
oxidative stress (OS), namely the production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS),
that actively contribute to the development and worsening of DM. Chalcones, also termed as
benzalacetophenone or benzylidene acetophenone, present a 1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-one scaffold
that has been shown to be highly promising in the development of new antioxidant compounds.
Considering the potential interest of antioxidant therapy, the present review scrutinizes
the role of the main sources of ROS/RNS production during DM. The modulatory effect of
chalcones against nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, xanthine
oxidase, mitochondrial respiratory chain and nitric oxide synthase, is also thoroughly discussed,
establishing, whenever possible, a structure-activity relationship (SAR). From the SAR
analysis, it can be stated that the presence of catechol groups, hydroxyl and methoxyl substituents
in the chalcones scaffold improves their modulatory activity against the main sources of
ROS/RNS production in DM.
A Systematic Review of the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Gallium Compounds
Authors: de Albuquerque Wanderley Sales Victor , Timóteo Taysa Renata Ribeiro , da Silva Natália Millena , de Melo Camila Gomes , Ferreira Aline Silva , de Oliveira Marcos Victor Gregório , de Oliveira Silva Emerson , dos Santos Mendes Larissa Morgana , Rolim Larissa Araújo , Neto Pedro José Rolim 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Inflammation is an essential response provided by the immune system,
ensuring the survival during microbial infection, tissue injury and other noxious conditions.
However, prolonged inflammatory processes are often associated with severe side effects
on health.

Objective:
This systematic review aimed to provide the evidence in the literature of the preclinical
and human anti-inflammatory activity of gallium compounds from 2000 to 2019 focused
on elucidating the mechanisms involved in the inflammatory process.

Methods:
Seven bibliographical databases were consulted (PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect,
Scopus, Springer, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost). The selection of appropriate publications
and writing of this systematic review were based on the guidelines mentioned in the
PRISMA statement. Moreover, the assessment of the methodological quality of the selected
studies was also performed.

Results:
From a total of 3018 studies, 16 studies were included in this paper based on our eligibility
criteria, which showed promising and consistent results.

Conclusion:
Further research concerning specific inflammatory conditions is required.
Metagenomic Exploration of Plastic Degrading Microbes for Biotechnological Application
Authors: Purohit Jyotika , Chattopadhyay Anirudha , Teli Basavaraj 
Published: May 2020

:
Since the last few decades, the promiscuous and uncontrolled use of plastics led to the accumulation
of millions of tons of plastic waste in the terrestrial and marine environment. It elevated
the risk of environmental pollution and climate change. The concern arises more due to the reckless
and unscientific disposal of plastics containing high molecular weight polymers, viz., polystyrene,
polyamide, polyvinylchloride, polypropylene, polyurethane, and polyethylene, etc. which are very difficult
to degrade. Thus, the focus is now paid to search for efficient, eco-friendly, low-cost waste management
technology. Of them, degradation of non-degradable synthetic polymer using diverse microbial
agents, viz., bacteria, fungi, and other extremophiles become an emerging option. So far, very few
microbial agents and their secreted enzymes have been identified and characterized for plastic degradation,
but with low efficiency. It might be due to the predominance of uncultured microbial species,
which consequently remain unexplored from the respective plastic degrading milieu. To overcome this
problem, metagenomic analysis of microbial population engaged in the plastic biodegradation is advisable
to decipher the microbial community structure and to predict their biodegradation potential in
situ. Advancements in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics analysis allow the rapid metagenome
screening that helps in the identification of total microbial community and also opens up the
scope for mining genes or enzymes (hydrolases, laccase, etc.) engaged in polymer degradation. Further,
the extraction of the core microbial population and their adaptation, fitness, and survivability can
also be deciphered through comparative metagenomic study. It will help to engineer the microbial
community and their metabolic activity to speed up the degradation process.