bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Shockwave aerification and conventional aerification methods on athletic fields
Authors: Dalsgaard Tim O. , Thoms Adam W. , Christians Nick E. , Mertz Isaac , Horton Robert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Shockwave (Imants) offers the potential to minimally disrupt the playing surface, relieve soil compaction, and potentially lower surface hardness. However, data are lacking on how the Shockwave compares to traditional aerification. The effects of hollow‐tine (HT), solid‐tine (ST), and Shockwave with a single pass (SW1) and perpendicular passes (SW2) were investigated and compared to an untreated control (C) for surface hardness, surface stability, soil moisture, water infiltration, percent green cover, and bulk density on established cultivar Rush Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) turf growing on native soil. Treatments were applied June–August with SW1 and SW2 receiving an additional treatment in September of each year. A modified Baldree traffic simulator was used to simulate 28 traffic events in the fall of each year. Data were analyzed using an exponential decay model, and the slope indicating cover loss event–1 was used to compare treatments. In both years of the study, the HT (–0.031 in 2017 and –0.085 in 2018) treatment had the least green cover loss per event. The SW2 (–0.051) had the greatest cover loss event–1 in 2017, while the C (–0.102) treatments experienced the largest cover loss event–1 in 2018. In 2017 after 20 simulated traffic events, surface hardness on SW2 treatments were 30% lower than the highest surface hardness. After simulated traffic in 2018, SW1 treatments resulted in 10% lower surface hardness compared to the hardest surface, indicating the Shockwave can reduce surface hardness. This research indicates that the Shockwave could replace ST in maintaining athletic fields.
Evaluation of experimentally obtained permeance based on module simulation: How should permeance be evaluated?
Authors: Moriyama Norihiro , Haraya Kenji , Nagasawa Hiroki , Kanezashi Masakoto , Tsuru Toshinori 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPermeance and permeance ratio in binary separation generally are obtained from experimental data using an analytical permeance equation consisting of the logarithmic average of the partial pressure difference (hereafter, approximate permeance equation). The aim of the present study was to clarify the applicable range for this equation. First, the separation performance of a membrane module was calculated with various given membrane properties (permeance, permeance ratio) and operation conditions (pressure, flow rate) via numerical computation. The obtained concentrations and flow rates in the retentate and permeate were used to calculate permeances via approximate permeance equation, and the validity was discussed by comparing permeances used for numerical computation with obtained ones. The present work clarifies the validity of the approximate permeance equation, and yields a general guideline stipulating that the partial pressure difference across the membrane at the inlet and outlet should maintain more than 60% to obtain the correct permeance.
A Chiral Thermochromic Ferroelastic with Seven Physical Channel Switches
Authors: Xiong Ren‐Gen , Lu Si‐Qi , Zhang Zhi‐Xu , Cheng Hao , Li Peng‐Fei , Liao Wei‐Qiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSwitchable materials play an invaluable role in signal processing and encryption of smart devices. The development of multifunctional materials that exhibit switching characteristics in multiple physical channels has attracted widespread attention. Now, two chiral thermochromic ferroelastic crystals (S‐CTA)2CuCl4 and (R‐CTA)2CuCl4 (CTA=3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium) have been prepared with switchable properties in dielectricity, conductivity, second harmonic generation (SHG), piezoelectricity, ferroelasticity, chiral, and thermochromic properties. Compared with traditional phase‐transition materials with switching features, thermochromism brings additional spectral encryption possibilities for future information processing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first chiral thermochromic ferroelastic that exhibits switching properties in seven physical channels. This work is expected to promote further exploration of multifunctional molecular switchable materials.
Crystalline Diradical Dianions of Pyrene‐Fused Azaacenes
Authors: Chen Chao , Ruan Huapeng , Feng Zhongtao , Fang Yong , Tang Shuxuan , Zhao Yue , Tan Gengwen , Su Yuanting , Wang Xinping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough diradicals and azaacenes have been greatly attractive in fundamental chemistry and functional materials, the isolable diradical dianions of azaacenes are still unknown. Herein, we describe the first isolation of pyrene‐fused azaacene diradical dianion salts [(18‐c‐6)K(THF)2]+[(18‐c‐6)K]+⋅12−.. and [(18‐c‐6)K(THF)]2+⋅22−.. by reduction of the neutral pyrene‐fused azaacene derivatives 1 and 2 with excess potassium graphite in THF in the presence of 18‐crown‐6. Their electronic structures were investigated by various experiments, in conjunction with theoretical calculations. It was found that both dianions are open‐shell singlets in the ground state and their triplet states are thermally readily accessible owing to the small singlet–triplet energy gap. This work provides the first examples of crystalline diradical dianions of azaacenes with considerable diradical character.
Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation via Catalytically Generated Aminocarbene Complexes: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydroaminative Cyclization of Enynes with Secondary Amines
Authors: Takano Shotaro , Shiomi Ryosuke , Morimoto Yoshihiko , Kochi Takuya , Kakiuchi Fumitoshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report a hydroaminative cyclization of enynes using phosphine‐quinolinolato rhodium catalysts. The hydroaminative cyclization of 2‐vinylphenylacetylene derivatives with secondary amines gives 2‐aminoindenes in good yields. The reaction is considered to proceed through carbon–carbon bond formation on a catalytically generated aminocarbene ligand.
Concise Synthesis of (+)‐[13C4]‐Anatoxin‐a by Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of a Cyclic Iminium Ion
Authors: Lacharity Jacob J. , Mailyan Artur K. , Chen Karen Y. , Zakarian Armen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn asymmetric total synthesis of [13C4]‐anatoxin‐a ([13C4]‐1) has been developed from commercially available ethyl [13C4]‐acetoacetate ([13C4]‐15). The unique requirements associated with isotope incorporation inspired a new, robust, and highly scalable route, providing access to 0.110 g of this internal standard for use in the detection and precise quantification of anatoxin‐a in freshwater. A highlight of the synthesis is a method that leverages a cyclic iminium ion racemization to achieve dynamic kinetic resolution in an enantioselective Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) cyclization.
A unified model of shared brain structural alterations in patients with different mental disorders who experience own‐thought auditory verbal hallucinations—A pilot study
Authors: Zhuo Chuanjun , Wang Chunxiang , Song Xueqin , Xu Xuexin , Li Gongying , Lin Xiaodong , Xu Yong , Tian Hongjun , Jiang Deguo , Wang Wenqiang , Zhou Chunhua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore shared brain structural alterations in patients diagnosed with mental disorders who experience own‐thought auditory verbal hallucinations (OTAVHs).MethodsA cohort of 143 first‐diagnosis, nonmedicated patients with OTAVHs was enrolled: 25 with schizophrenia (FUSCH‐OTAVH), 20 with major depression disorder (FUMDD‐OTAVH), 28 with bipolar disorder (FUBD‐OTAVH), 22 patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (FUPTSD‐OTAVH), 21 with anxiety disorder (FUAD‐OTAVH), and 27 with borderline personality disorder (FUBPD‐OTAVH); 25 healthy controls (HCs) participated. The Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale (AHRS), multiple psychometric scales, voxel‐based morphometry (VBM), tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS), and multiple regression were used.ResultsCompared with HCs, patients had increased occipital cortex, dorsal prefrontal cortex (PFC), and striatum gray matter volumes (GMVs), a reduced insular cortex (IC) GMV, and an impaired frontooccipital fasciculus. The following differences were found versus HCs: FUSCH‐OTAVH, reduced PFC and occipital GMVs, increased striatum and thalamus GMVs, impaired arcuate fasciculus, u‐shaped bundle, optic tract, and upper longitudinal fasciculus (LF); FUMDD‐OTAVH, increased posterior frontotemporal junction and hippocampus GMVs; FUMN‐OTAVH, increased posterior frontotemporal junction and parietal cortex GMVs, reduced hippocampus GMV, impaired upper LF; FUPTSD‐OTAVH, increased temporal, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens GMVs; FUBPD‐OTAVH, increased frontotemporal junction and hippocampus GMVs, impaired upper/lower LF; and FUAD‐OTAVH, increased frontal and temporal cortex, hippocampus GMVs.ConclusionsThe present findings provide evidence consistent with a bottom‐up and top‐down reciprocal action dysfunction hypothesis of AVHs and with the dopamine hypothesis of AVHs. We observed specific features related to OTAVHs in patients with different mental disorders. The findings, though complex, provide clues for further studies of specific mental disorders.
Effectiveness of Zhong‐Yong thinking based dialectical behavior therapy group skills training versus supportive group therapy for lowering suicidal risks in Chinese young adults: A randomized controlled trial with a 6‐month follow‐up
Authors: Yang Xueling , Liu Ding , Wang You , Chen Yu , Chen Weichen , Yang Caiyan , Zhang Peining , Ding Siyuan , Zhang Xiaoyuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a first‐line treatment for the prevention of suicide. Zhong‐Yong thinking could be viewed as a Chinese way of dialectical thinking, has long been a culturally dictating thinking style in China. To enhance cultural adaptability, we integrated Zhong‐Yong thinking into DBT group skills training and examined its efficacy in suicidal prevention compared with a supportive group therapy and a wait‐list group in high‐risk suicidal Chinese college students.MethodsA total of 97 suicidal participants were randomized to either Zhong‐Yong thinking based DBT group skills training (DBTZYT, n = 33), or supportive group therapy (SGT; n = 32), or wait‐list group (WL; n = 32). DBTZYT was a 12‐week program based on Zhong‐Yong thinking instead of dialectical thinking, coaching participants mindfulness, emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal effectiveness. Supportive group therapy was a 12‐week program aiming at improving interpersonal effectiveness and emotion regulation skills. Outcome measures were assessed at pre‐ and post‐treatment and 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsAt post‐treatment measures, the levels of suicidal ideation, hopelessness, psychache symptoms, and general psychopathology had significantly decreased in both intervention groups; at the 6‐month follow‐up measures, the intervention effects were better maintained in the DBTZYT group rather than in the SGT group. Specifically, DBTZYT was more effective in relieving participants’ long‐term obsessive‐compulsive, anxiety, hostility, phobic, psychotic, and additional symptoms.ConclusionsZhong‐Yong thinking not only could integrate with DBT skills training in Chinese young adult population, but also has special strength in enhancing DBT’s efficacy.
Network changes in patients with phobic postural vertigo
Authors: Huber Judita , Flanagin Virginia L. , Popp Pauline , zu Eulenburg Peter , Dieterich Marianne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionFunctional dizziness comprises a class of dizziness disorders, including phobic postural vertigo (PPV), that cause vestibular symptoms in the absence of a structural organic origin. For this reason, functional brain mechanisms have been implicated in these disorders.MethodsHere, functional network organization was investigated in 17 PPV patients and 18 healthy controls (HCs) during functional magnetic resonance imaging with a visual motion stimulus, data initially collected and described by Popp et al. (2018). Graph theoretical measures (degree centrality [DC], clustering coefficient [CC], and eccentricity) of 160 nodes within six functional networks were compared between HC and PPV patients during visual motion and static visual patterns.ResultsGraph theoretical measures analyzed during the static condition revealed significantly different DC in the default‐mode, sensorimotor, and cerebellar networks. Furthermore, significantly different group differences in network organization changes between static visual and visual motion stimulation were observed. In PPV, DC and CC showed a significantly stronger increase in the sensorimotor network during visual stimulation, whereas cerebellar network showed a significantly stronger decrease in DC.ConclusionThese results suggest that the altered visual motion processing seen in PPV patients may arise from a modified state of sensory and cerebellar network connectivity.
Reduced uptake of [11C]‐ABP688, a PET tracer for metabolic glutamate receptor 5 in hippocampus and amygdala in Alzheimer’s dementia
Authors: Treyer Valerie , Gietl Anton F. , Suliman Husam , Gruber Esmeralda , Meyer Rafael , Buchmann Andreas , Johayem Anass , Unschuld Paul G. , Nitsch Roger M. , Buck Alfred , Ametamey Simon M. , Hock Christoph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionMetabotropic glutamate receptors play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease due to their involvement in processes of memory formation, neuroplasticity, and synaptotoxity. The objective of the current study was to study mGluR5 availability measured by [11C]‐ABP688 (ABP) in patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's dementia (AD).MethodsA bolus‐infusion protocol of [11C]‐ABP688 was applied in 9 subjects with AD and 10 cognitively healthy controls (Controls) to derive distribution volume estimates of mGluR5. Furthermore, we also estimated cerebral perfusion by averaging early frame signal of initial ABP bolus injection.ResultsSubjects with Alzheimer's dementia (mean age: 77.3/SD 5.7) were older than controls (mean age: 68.5/SD: 9.6) and scored lower on the MMSE (22.1/SD2.7 vs. 29.0/SD0.8). There were no overall differences in ABP signal. However, distribution volume ratio (DVR) for ABP was reduced in the bilateral hippocampus (AD: 1.34/SD: 0.40 vs. Control: 1.84/SD:0.31, p = .007) and the bilateral amygdala (AD:1.86/SD:0.26 vs. Control:2.33/SD:0.37 p = .006) in AD patients compared to controls.Estimate of cerebral blood flow was reduced in the bilateral hippocampus in AD (AD:0.75/SD:0.10 vs. Control:0.86/SD:0.09 p = .02).ConclusionOur findings demonstrate reduced mGluR5 binding in the hippocampus and amygdala in Alzheimer's dementia. Whether this is due to synaptic loss and/or consecutive reduction of potential binding sites or reflects disease inherent mechanisms remains to be elucidated in future studies.
LC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS for the Profiling of the Metabolites and in Vitro Enzymes Inhibition Activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum and Oxalis corniculata Collected from Ramechhap District of Nepal
Authors: Prasad Pandey Bishnu , Prakash Pradhan Suman , Adhikari Kapil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to profile the chemical components and biological activity analysis of crude extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum and Oxalis corniculata. Results revealed that the analyzed plant materials encompass the high amount of total phenolic and flavonoids content and have significant antioxidant activities. Furthermore, methanol extracts are the potential source of α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, lipase, tyrosinase and elastase inhibitors. High resolution mass spectrometry revealed the presence of diverse metabolites such as quercetin 3‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside, myricetin 3‐rhamnoside, bersaldegenin 1,3,5‐orthoacetate, bryophyllin C, syringic acid, caffeic acid, p‐coumaric acid, and quercetin in B. pinnatum and isoorientin, swertisin, apigenin 7,4′‐diglucoside, vitexin, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, ethyl gallate, 3,3′,4′‐trihydroxy‐5,7‐dimethoxyflavone, and diosmetin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside in O. corniculata. Our finding suggested that these two plant species have high medicinal importance and are potential source of inhibitors for modern pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and cosmetics industries.
Silyl Anion Initiated Hydroboration of Aldehydes and Ketones
Authors: Stanford Martin W. , Bismuto Alessandro , Cowley Michael J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHydroboration is an emerging method for mild and selective reduction of carbonyl compounds. Typically, transition‐metal or reactive main‐group hydride catalysts are used in conjunction with a mild reductant such as pinacolborane. The reactivity of the main‐group catalysts is a consequence of the nucleophilicity of their hydride ligands. Silicon hydrides are significantly less reactive and are therefore not efficient hydroboration catalysts. Here, a readily prepared silyl anion is reported to be an effective initiator for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones requiring mild conditions, low catalyst loadings and with a good substrate scope. The silyl anion it is shown to activate HBpin to generate a reactive borohydride in situ which reacts with aldehydes and ketones to afford the hydroboration product.
Atrial fibrillation fingerprinting; spotting bio‐electrical markers to early recognize atrial fibrillation by the use of a bottom‐up approach (AFFIP): Rationale and design
Authors: Starreveld Roeliene , Knops Paul , Ramos Kennedy S. , Roos‐Serote Maarten C. , Bogers Ad J.J.C. , Brundel Bianca J.J.M. , de Groot Natasja M.S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe exact pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains incompletely understood and treatment of AF is associated with high recurrence rates. Persistence of AF is rooted in the presence of electropathology, defined as complex electrical conduction disorders caused by structural damage of atrial tissue. The atrial fibrillation fingerprinting (AFFIP) study aims to characterize electropathology, enabling development of a novel diagnostic instrument to predict AF onset and early progression.HypothesesHistory of AF, development of post‐operative AF, age, gender, underlying heart disease, and other clinical characteristics impact the degree of electropathology.MethodsThis study is a prospective observational study with a planned duration of 48 months. Three study groups are defined: (1) patients with (longstanding) persistent AF, (2) patients with paroxysmal AF, and (3) patients without a history of AF, all undergoing open‐chest cardiac surgery. Intra‐operative high‐resolution epicardial mapping is performed to identify the patient‐specific electrical profile, whereas the patient‐specific biological profile is assessed by evaluating proteostasis markers in blood samples and atrial appendage tissue samples. Post‐operative continuous rhythm monitoring is performed for detection of early post‐operative AF. Late post‐operative AF (during 5‐year follow‐up) is documented by either electrocardiogram or 24‐hour Holter registration.ResultsThe required sample size for this study is estimated at 447 patients. Up till now, 105 patients were included, of whom 36 have a history of AF.ConclusionThe AFFIP study will elucidate whether electrophysiological and structural characteristics represent a novel diagnostic tool, the AF fingerprint, to predict onset and early progression of AF in cardiac surgery patients.
Bifurcation analysis of nonlinear and supernonlinear dust–acoustic waves in a dusty plasma using the generalized (r, q) distribution function for ions and electrons
Authors: Taha Ragab M. , El‐Taibany Wael F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBifurcation analysis of dust acoustic (DA) periodic waves in three components, unmagnetized dusty plasma system is investigated using the generalized (r, q) distribution function for ions and electrons. Depending on the different parameters of the system considered, all possible phase portraits, including periodic, homoclinic, superperiodic, and superhomoclinic trajectories, are presented. The existence of rarefactive and compressive solitary waves is proved. Also, the plasma system under consideration supports both nonlinear and supernonlinear DA periodic waves. It has been found that the double spectral indices r and q play a decisive effect on the bifurcation of the waves.
Not all body image constructs are created equal: Predicting eating disorder outcomes from preoccupation, dissatisfaction, and overvaluation
Authors: Askew Autumn J. , Peterson Carol B. , Crow Scott J. , Mitchell James E. , Halmi Katherine A. , Agras W. Stewart , Haynos Ann F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveDiverse terminology has been used to operationalize body image disturbance in eating disorders. However, the differential validity of these terms and their underlying constructs to predict outcomes among heterogeneous eating disorders is unknown. This study evaluated the validity of body image constructs to predict eating disorder and negative psychological symptoms concurrently and prospectively over 2 years in a transdiagnostic clinical sample.MethodsWomen with heterogeneous eating disorder diagnoses (n = 448) completed assessments at baseline, 12‐month, and 24‐month follow‐up. Cross‐sectional and cross‐lagged generalized linear models examined effects of three body image constructs (i.e., weight and shape preoccupation, overvaluation, and dissatisfaction) on concurrent and subsequent outcomes (i.e., global eating disorder symptoms, binge eating, purging, fasting, self‐esteem, and depression).ResultsIn concurrent analyses, preoccupation was significantly associated with all outcomes (ps = .01 to <.001), overvaluation with all outcomes (ps = .01 to <.001) except binge eating (p = .06), and dissatisfaction with all outcomes (ps < .001) except purging (p = .38). In prospective analyses, preoccupation predicted Eating Disorder Examination global (p = .003) and fasting (p < .001), overvaluation predicted binge eating (p = .01), and body dissatisfaction did not predict any outcomes.DiscussionPreoccupation, overvaluation, and dissatisfaction are differentially related to eating disorder and psychiatric outcomes, indicating that no one body image construct can capture clinical risk in eating disorders. Preoccupation was the most consistent concurrent and longitudinal predictor; this construct may warrant further attention in assessment and diagnosis. Further investigation of these constructs in diverse samples is encouraged.