bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Diversity and Dietary Quality: Associations With Body Mass Index Change in Diverse Adults With Age
Authors: Kuczmarski Marie , Rawal Rita , Beydoun May , Cotugna Nancy , Brewer Benjamin , Hughes Virginia , Zonderman Alan , Evans Michele 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dietary Diversity (DD), a variety element of a healthful diet, can be measured by count, evenness and dissimilarity scores. This study explored the associations of DD, and dietary quality measured by Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, with annualized Body Mass Index (BMI) change in a diverse sample. Participants, 1,104 African American (57.9%) and White (42.1%) adults, were from the longitudinal Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study. Mean±SE age at baseline was 48.3±0.20 years. The DD and DASH scores were calculated using four 24-hr recalls from baseline (2004-2009) and 1st follow-up wave (2009-2013). Count was based on consumption of ≥50% of an equivalent from 21 food groups. Evenness was derived using the Berry-Index adjusted by the food’s health value; dissimilarity, by Mahalanobis Distance. The DASH score was computed using the Mellen formula. BMI was calculated from measured weight and height; change in BMI from 1st to 2nd follow-up waves (2009-2017). Linear regression results are expressed as β-coefficients □ standard error of means (β□SE). After adjusting for energy, age, sex, race, poverty status, education, and smoking, of the three DD measures, only mean count was associated with annualized change in BMI (8.166±3.575, p=0.023). Mean DASH score was inversely associated with BMI change (-6.599±2.690, p=0.014). Age and smoking were the only other significant predictors (-1.137±2.938, p&lt;0.001), (-1.169±5.472, p=0.033), respectively. These findings provide evidence that high quality is associated with a decrease in BMI with age while high count scores are associated with a rise in BMI.
Association Between Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Blacks: A Pilot Study
Authors: Arnold Tomorrow , Polenick Courtney , Blow Frederic 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Racial minority status may be a major source of both acute and chronic stress (e.g., racial discrimination) that contributes to depression among older adults. Indeed, older African Americans experience more psychological distress than their White counterparts largely due to chronic stressors including racism. Yet, little is known about particular aspects of racial discrimination that are most strongly associated with depressive symptoms in middle and later life. The present study is a part of an ongoing pilot project and sought to examine the associations between discrimination experienced in the past month [i.e., perceived ethnic/racial discrimination (PED), everyday discrimination (ED), and heightened vigilance to discrimination (HVD)] and past-month depressive symptoms among Black/African American adults aged 50 to 80 (N = 106). More frequent PED was associated with greater severity in overall depressive symptoms as well as affective and somatic symptoms individually. More frequent ED was associated with greater affect symptom severity only. Increased HVD was associated with greater overall depressive symptom severity, particularly affective symptoms. Discrimination was also differently correlated with specific depressive symptoms. PED was associated with back pain, anhedonia, loss of interest in sex, difficulty breathing, anxiousness, inability to concentrate, and suicidal ideation. Greater ED was associated with anhedonia, chest pain, and feelings of guilt/self-reproach. Higher HVD was associated with chest pain and feelings of guilt/self-reproach. These results suggest that experienced discrimination and attempts to prepare for these experiences may play a role in the presentation of depressive symptomatology and vary by type of symptoms experienced among older Blacks.
Age Differences in Stress, Life Changes, and Social Ties During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Birditt Kira S , Turkelson Angela , Fingerman Karen L , Polenick Courtney A , Oya Akari 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Experiences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its implications for psychological well-being may vary widely across the adult life span. The present study examined age differences in pandemic-related stress and social ties, and links with psychological well-being.

Research Design and Methods
Participants included 645 adults (43% women) aged 18–97 (M = 50.8; SD = 17.7) from the May 2020 nationally representative Survey of Consumers. Participants reported the extent to which they felt stress related to the pandemic in the last month, the extent to which their lives had changed due to the pandemic, as well as social isolation, negative relationship quality, positive relationship quality, and frequency of depression, anxiety, and rumination in the past week.

Results
Results showed that older people reported less pandemic-related stress, less life change, less social isolation, and lower negative relationship quality than younger people. Greater pandemic-related stress, life change, social isolation, and negative relationship quality were associated with poorer psychological well-being. Poorer social ties (i.e., greater social isolation and negative quality) exacerbated the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (stress, life change) on psychological well-being.

Discussion and Implications
Researchers have indicated that older adults may be more vulnerable to COVID-19 pandemic-related stress and social isolation, but this study indicates that young adults may be relatively more vulnerable. Because isolation and negative relationship quality appear to exacerbate the deleterious effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological well-being, reducing social isolation and negative relations are potential targets for intervention.
Wrasse fishery on the Swedish West Coast: towards ecosystem-based management
Authors: Bourlat Sarah J , Faust Ellika , Wennhage Håkan , Wikström Andreas , Rigby Kristie , Vigo Maria , Kraly Paul , Selander Erik , André Carl 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fishing and translocation of marine species for use in aquaculture is widespread. Corkwing, goldsinny, and ballan wrasse (Symphodus melops, Ctenolabrus rupestris, and Labrus bergylta) are fished on the Swedish west coast for use as cleaner-fish in Norwegian salmon farms. Here, we aim to provide knowledge and recommendations to support ecosystem-based management for wrasse fisheries in Sweden. We compared fished and non-fished areas to test if current fishery levels have led to stock depletion. To gain insight on the role of wrasse in the algal belt trophic chain, we analysed the gut contents of goldsinny and corkwing using metabarcoding. Finally, we analysed the trophic interactions of wrasse and potential prey in a mesocosm study. We could not detect any signs of stock depletion or altered size structure in fished areas compared to the protected control area. Gut analyses confirmed both goldsinny and corkwing as non-specialized, omnivorous opportunists and revealed, with 189 prey taxa detected, a broader spectrum of prey than previously known. Common prey items included mesoherbivores such as small gastropods and crustaceans, but also insects and algae. We conclude that there are no visible signs of stock depletion at the current removal level of wrasses by the fishery. However, this emerging fishery should be closely monitored for potential cascading effects on the algal belt ecosystem, and our study could provide a baseline for future monitoring.
A posteriori error estimates with boundary correction for a cut finite element method
Authors: Burman Erik , He Cuiyu , Larson Mats G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work we introduce, analyze and implement a residual-based a posteriori error estimation for the CutFEM fictitious domain method applied to an elliptic model problem. We consider the problem with smooth (nonpolygonal) boundary and, therefore, the analysis takes into account both the geometry approximation error on the boundary and the numerical approximation error. Theoretically, we can prove that the error estimation is both reliable and efficient. Moreover, the error estimation is robust in the sense that both the reliability and efficiency constants are independent of the arbitrary boundary-mesh intersection.
Beyond Ipilimumab: a review of immunotherapeutic approaches in clinical trials in melanoma
Authors: Middleton Gary 
Published: December 2020

Summary
In this first in a series of ‘Trials Watch’ articles, we briefly review a highly selected set of clinical trials that are currently recruiting or about to open to recruitment in melanoma, the disease first transformed by the introduction of immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors (ICI). We place equal emphasis on phase I/II studies investigating the activity of biologically compelling novel immunotherapeutics, and on randomised trials of ICI with and without novel agents, as these latter studies optimise the standard-of-care use of ICI, and determine whether novel agents become part of the approved therapeutic armamentarium. We do not consider here combination therapy with other checkpoint antagonists or agonists besides combination of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with anti-CTLA4 mAbs, as these will be reviewed in a subsequent article in this series. A glossary of agents to be discussed is found at the end of this article.
Structured physical therapy protocols following hip arthroscopy and their effect on patient-reported outcomes—a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Ankem Hari K , Yelton Mitchell J , Lall Ajay C , Bendersky Alex M , Rosinsky Philip J , Maldonado David R , Shapira Jacob , Meghpara Mitchell B , Domb Benjamin G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of structured physical therapy protocols on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following hip arthroscopy. A literature search was completed in October 2019 according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines to identify articles reporting specific rehabilitation protocols following hip arthroscopy that document PROs. Studies meeting all inclusion and exclusion were reviewed and data were extracted. Six studies were included in analysis. The mean age was 34.7% and 56.6% were males. Five studies described rehabilitation protocols in phases with specific goals and progression criteria. All studies included range of motion (ROM) and weight-bearing (WB) precautions. Return to sport (RTS)/activity varied between 7 and 32 weeks. The studies used variations of 21 different PROs. Significant improvements in baseline and post-operative PROs noted across studies. Rehabilitation protocols following hip arthroscopy typically consist of 4–5 phase programs with set goals and progression criteria. Several commonalities existed between studies on WB, ROM precautions and gait normalization. However, timing and recommendations for RTS/return to work varied between studies and were dependent on the concomitant procedures performed as well as type of patient population. Clinically significant improvement in PROs from baseline noted in majority of the studies reviewed that involved a structured rehabilitation program following arthroscopic management of femoroacetabular impingement. As there is heterogeneity in patient-specific characteristics across the included studies, no determination can be made as to which protocol is most effective and further high-quality comparative studies are needed.

Clinical relevance
Adopting phase-based rehabilitation protocols following arthroscopic femoroacetabular impingement treatment help achieve improved outcomes that are predictable
The periodic response of a fractional oscillator with a spring-pot and an inerter-pot
Authors: Li Yu , Duan Jun-Sheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The fractional oscillation system with two Weyl-type fractional derivative terms $_{ - \infty }D_t^\beta x$ (0 &lt; β &lt; 1) and $_{ - \infty }D_t^\alpha x$ (1 &lt; α &lt; 2), which portray a “spring-pot” and an “inerter-pot” and contribute to viscoelasticity and viscous inertia, respectively, was considered. At first, it was proved that the fractional system with constant coefficients under harmonic excitation is equivalent to a second-order differential system with frequency-dependent coefficients by applying the Fourier transform. The effect of the fractional orders β (0 &lt; β &lt; 1) and α (1 &lt; α &lt; 2) on inertia, stiffness and damping was investigated. Then, the harmonic response of the fractional oscillation system and the corresponding amplitude–frequency and phase–frequency characteristics were deduced. Finally, the steady-state response to a general periodic incentive was obtained by utilizing the Fourier series and the principle of superposition, and the numerical examples were exhibited to verify the method. The results show that the Weyl fractional operator is extremely applicable for researching the steady-state problem, and the fractional derivative is capable of describing viscoelasticity and portraying a “spring-pot”, and also describing viscous inertia and serving as an “inerter-pot”.
Changes in pulmonary function and their correlation with dose–volume parameters in patients undergoing stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung cancer
Authors: Takemoto Shinya , Shibamoto Yuta , Hashizume Chisa , Miyakawa Akifumi , Murai Taro , Yanagi Takeshi , Sugie Chikao , Nagai Aiko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is desirable to estimate the degree of the decrease in pulmonary function before lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) especially for patients with poor pulmonary function. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether decreases in pulmonary function after SBRT may be predicted from radiation dose–volume parameters.
A total of 70 patients undergoing SBRT were evaluated for changes in pulmonary function. Of these, 67 had primary lung cancer and 3 had lung metastasis. Twenty-six (37%) patients had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed shortly before and at 18–24 months after SBRT. Radiation pneumonitis was Grade 2 in 10 patients and Grade 3 in 1. Mean forced vital capacity (FVC) decreased from 2.67 to 2.51 L (P &lt; 0.01) and mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) decreased from 1.80 to 1.72 L (P &lt; 0.01). Planning target volume (PTV) was correlated with changes in FVC. Changes in percent predicted FVC were correlated with %V5Gy (% of lung volume receiving &gt; 5 Gy) and %V40Gy. Although the correlation was not significant, the %V20Gy value was the closest to the percent reduction in predicted FVC; %V20Gy of 10% tended to be associated with ~10% reduction in predicted FVC. Patients with poor pulmonary function did not necessarily show greater decreases in each PFT parameter. Decreases in FVC and FEV1 were within previously reported ranges. PTV was associated with decreases in FVC. The %V20Gy value was closest to the percentage decrease in predicted FVC.
“And our Mother from in Heaven”: Death and Love in a Mexican Courtship Diary, Guadalajara, 1864–69
Authors: French William E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Doña Carlota Yñiguez de Gil’s death and her resurrection in textual form in the courtship diary of Luciano Gallardo and Carlota Gil, a twelve-volume tome written in and around Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, between 1864 and 1869, offer a unique perspective on broad questions taken up in the literature on death and deathways in Mexico and elsewhere. Doña Yñiguez de Gil has much to say about ideologies of rule and understandings of piety at a point in time when, in Mexico, both death and marriage were shifting from ecclesiastical to civil control. Yet, her role as an active agent in history extends far beyond that of exemplary case in these paradigmatic shifts in politics and piety. A community of memory, one comprised of family, friends, neighbors, and others, grew up around her; through their ongoing relationship with her corpse, a social being, they found a powerful means to help them constitute identities of gender, family, class, community, and citizenship. Along with her grave and some of her possessions, she became a site of affect around whom a web of narratives, ideas, and values formed. Feelings accumulated around her as did a cluster of promises, including those of happiness, legitimacy, and acceptable family formation. The omnipresence of the deceased Doña Yñiguez de Gil in the diary, and her perceived role of intervening on the couple’s behalf from on high, was also central to structuring remembrance, commemoration, a particular sense of time, and even the values and meanings of romantic love.
Margins of Error: Performance, Text, and the Editing of Early Modern Sermons
Authors: Rhatigan Emma 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article explores the editing of early-modern sermons, with a particular focus on the challenge of recovering the sermon in performance. Taking as its starting point the fact that most sermons were not written out until after their delivery in the pulpit, it considers the ways in which sermons resist conventional editorial methods based on the identification of ‘error’ and the reconstruction of a holograph text. It argues for a new approach to editing and a new perspective on error which uses these moments of textual complexity in order to shed light on a sermons evolution from sermon notes and pulpit delivery to written text.
Knowledge graph-based metaphor representation for literature understanding
Authors: Peng Ciyuan , Vu Dang Thinh , Jung Jason J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Metaphor understanding is one of the most important and challenging tasks in language processing. In this study, we propose a knowledge graph-based metaphor embedding for understanding metaphor relations between words in literature. We consider that there is a metaphor relation between two objects involved in metaphorical rhetoric (e.g. in the metaphor ‘Time is money’, ‘time’, and ‘money’ have a metaphor relation). We first propose extracting metaphor relations between words based on part of speech (POS) tagging, then a knowledge graph-based metaphor representation method is presented. The proposed approach enables (i) metaphor interpretation in literature based on the proposal of extracting metaphor relations and (ii) representation of metaphor based on metaphor graph that consists of the nodes of words and the edges of their metaphor relations. Finally, we apply our metaphor embedding to Shakespeare’s sonnets for evaluating the performance of it. Experimental results of predicting metaphor relations and classifying metaphorical triples prove that our approach achieves creative results. Besides, the literary significance of our approach can be embodied by the analysis of metaphors in Shakespeare’s sonnets.
Acute Reconstruction of Periorbital Trauma Resulting in Eyelid Anterior Lamella Loss With Simultaneous Full-thickness Skin Grafting and Amniotic Membrane Grafting: A Case Report
Authors: Reed Donovan S , Giles Gregory B , Johnson Anthony , Santamaria Joseph A , Nelson Frederick , Appelo Benjamin , DeMartelaere Sheri , Davies Brett W 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Complex facial lacerations are frequently encountered in the combat environment. Trauma with soft-tissue loss of the periorbital region offers particular challenges in terms of operative reconstruction. Cicatricial changes in the sub-acute phase can lead to eyelid malposition and lagophthalmos. The authors present a novel technique for acute reconstruction of periorbital trauma with eyelid soft-tissue loss with simultaneous full-thickness skin grafting and amniotic membrane grafting. The technique involves standard preparation of the surgical area of injury and infiltration with local anesthetic. Initially, the area of injury is copiously irrigated, and debridement of any necrotic tissue is accomplished. Amniotic membrane grafting is then performed over the defect. Approximately 2 mm × 2 mm full-thickness skin grafts are procured and distributed over the initial amniotic membrane graft. A second amniotic membrane graft is then secured over the skin graft-amniotic membrane graft complex with cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive. A bolstered suture tarsorrhaphy is performed to minimize tissue trauma during the healing process. The operative and postsurgical outcomes were assessed. The graft site healed well without cicatricial changes or lagophthalmos. Peripheral small papillomatous lesions did develop requiring excision for cosmesis, but ultimately the graft site demonstrated appropriate coverage and healthy re-epithelialization over the previous defect. This case demonstrates the viability of simultaneous full-thickness skin grafting with concomitant amniotic membrane grafting for the acute reconstruction of periorbital trauma with eyelid anterior lamella tissue loss. An excellent cosmetic and functional outcome was attained. By providing acute reconstruction, the risk of damage secondary to cicatricial periorbital changes may be avoided.
Overweight and Obesity in the French Army
Authors: Quertier Delphine , Goudard Yvain , Goin Géraldine , Régis-Marigny Laure , Sockeel Philippe , Dutour Anne , Pauleau Ghislain , De La Villéon Bruno 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Today, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is, respectively, 49% and 17% among French adults. This research investigates their existence in the French Armed Forces, in terms of the impact on military operative response and military readiness. As no previous studies have evaluated the weight status of the whole French Armed Forces, this work assesses the situation for the first time in France.

Material and Methods
A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out between September 2016 and April 2017. A single anonymous questionnaire gathered the sociodemographic variables and usual care medical data. The source population was active duty members serving in units reporting to the South-Eastern French Regional Military Health Department.

Results
Among 1,589 respondents, prevalence of overweight and obesity was, respectively, 38.7% and 10%. Mean waist circumference was 78.2 ± 9.1 cm for women and 89.1 ± 10.5 cm for men. A third of female military and one-fifth of male military had a measure bigger than the standard International Diabetes Federation. Age, sex, weekly fitness activity, and rank were significant independent predictors of body weight excess. Less than 5% of the study population reported a diagnosis of comorbidity: diabetes 2%, high blood pressure 1%, and dyslipidemia 1.5%.

Conclusions
As all armies, the French Armed Forces are affected by obesity. Nevertheless, the prevalence of obesity seems lower than in other Western armies. In the French army, as in the general population, obesity is correlated with socioeconomic status and level of education. However, compared to the general French population, there is less obesity and overweight in the French Armed Forces. Moreover, overweight and obese military members have a lower cardiovascular risk than their civilian counterparts. Enlistment standards, military occupational activity, and a mandatory high level of physical fitness could explain these different proportions of overweight and obesity. This raises the question of the protective effect of regular physical activity. Is this a serious way to fight against the growing prevalence of overweight and obesity in Western countries? Indeed, this is a significant public health issue, which also affects the military’s quick response force capacity and strategic capabilities. Therefore, the identification of specific demographic characteristics should be considered in developing prevention programs.