bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Models for Changes in Memory Performance After Memory Training in Healthy Older Adults: a Systematic Review
Authors: Roheger Mandy , Folkerts Ann-Kristin , Krohm Fabian , Skoetz Nicole , Kalbe Elke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIdentifying individuals’ profiles of prognostic factors that predict improvements after nonpharmacological interventions such as memory trainings may help to not only predict individuals’ future outcomes after such intervention, but also tailor new trainings for individuals with specific characteristics. However, until now, no systematic review on prognostic models, defined as a set of multiple prognostic factors to predict a future outcome, for changes in memory performance after memory training exist. MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, CENTRAL, and PsycInfo were searched up to November 2019 to identify studies investigating prognostic models on verbal and non-verbal short- and long-term memory after conducting memory training in healthy older adults. The PROBAST tool was used to assess risk of bias. After screening n = 10,703 studies, n = 12 studies were included. These studies and the investigated statistical models are highly heterogeneous, so that conclusions are limited. However, one consistent result was that lower age combined with higher education seems to predict higher improvements after memory training. More studies on prognostic models for memory changes after memory training have to be conducted before clear conclusions which will help to tailor memory trainings to individuals’ profiles can be drawn. Registration: CRD42018105803, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO
Free Surface Flows in Electrohydrodynamics with a Constant Vorticity Distribution
Authors: Hunt M. J. , Dutykh D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn 1895, Korteweg and de Vries (Philos Mag 20:20, 1895) studied an equation describing the motion of waves using the assumptions of long wavelength and small amplitude. Two implicit assumptions which they also made were irrotational and inviscid fluids. Comparing experiment and observation seems to suggest that these two assumptions are well justified. This paper removes the assumption of irrotationality in the case of electrohydrodynamics with an assumption of globally constant vorticity in the fluid. A study of the effect of vorticity on wave profiles and amplitudes is made revealing some unusual features. The velocity potential is an important variable in irrotational flow; the vertical component of velocity takes place of this variable in our analysis. This allows the bypassing of the Burns condition and also demonstrates that waves exist even for negative values of the vorticity. The linear and weakly nonlinear models are derived.
Selected single-nucleotide variants in GRIN1, GRIN2A, and GRIN2B encoding subunits of the NMDA receptor are not biomarkers of schizophrenia resistant to clozapine: exploratory study
Authors: Krzystanek Marek , Asman Marek , Witecka Joanna , Pałasz Artur , Wiaderkiewicz Ryszard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Schizophrenia is a common mental illness whose pathogenesis is still unknown. The vulnerability and stress model in schizophrenia assume that susceptibility to the disease is mainly associated with genes. Of the five symptomatic dimensions of schizophrenia, cognitive impairment appears to be most associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The aim of the study was to explore whether selected nucleotide variants in GRIN1, GRIN2A, and GRIN2B encoding subunits of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) receptor occur in a selected group of patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia with cognitive impairment.

Methods
The study included 45 patients diagnosed with super refractory schizophrenia, all with cognitive deficits and chronically psychotic. DNA fragments including the studied polymorphisms of the NMDA receptors subunit genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and subjected to sequencing.

Results
The study did not confirm the presence of any of the four selected single-nucleotide variants in GRIN1, GRIN2A, and GRIN2B subunits of NMDA-R in the study group.

Conclusion
Results of the study indicated that the selected single-nucleotide variants are not associated both with resistance to clozapine and the presence of cognitive deficits in
schizophrenia. It is possible, however, that a more extensive sequencing along with analyzing the expression of these genes may reveal different single-nucleotide variants than those assumed in the study.
Salvage Penile Plication Is an Effective Modality for Resolving Residual Curvature After Surgery for Peyronie’s Disease
Authors: Deebel Nicholas A. , Scarberry Kyle , Dutta Rahul , Matz Ethan , Terlecki Ryan P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Penile plication is highly successful in appropriately selected patients with Peyronie’s disease; however, a minority of patients experience residual curvature or delayed recurrence of curvature. Revision surgery outcomes are seldomly reported.

Aim
To determine the efficacy of salvage penile plication for the correction of residual and recurrent curvature.

Methods
Our institutional review board–approved prospective single-surgeon database of patients with Peyronie’s disease was reviewed for cases performed from 2011 to 2019. Patients requiring salvage procedures were analyzed. A successful salvage was defined by residual curvature &lt;20° with patient-reported satisfaction. Potential etiologies for initial plication failure were examined.

Main outcome measure
The outcomes of this study are subjective and patient-reported success of salvage plication.

Results
Data analysis identified 134 men treated surgically for Peyronie’s disease. Management involved plication in 105 (78.4%), incision and grafting in 14 (10.4%), excision and grafting with inflatable penile prosthesis in 7 (5.2%), plication with inflatable penile prosthesis in 6 (4.5%), or grafting, plication, and inflatable penile prosthesis in 2 (1.5%). Mean preoperative degree of curvature before initial surgery was 55° (30°–90°). Of this cohort, 5.2% (n=7) required salvage plication for a median residual or recurrent curvature of 45° (35°–90°). Initially, 3 men (43%) received an 8-dot plication, 3 (43%) underwent 16-dot plication, and 1 (14%) received plaque incision and grafting. Among salvage patients, 4 (57%) had initially satisfying results followed by recurrence of curvature and 3 (43%) desired correction of residual curvature. Salvage plication entailed an 8-dot plication in 3 (42.9%) and a 16-dot plication procedure in 4 (57.1%). The median time to salvage surgery was 9 (3–15) months, with all patients showing intraoperative resolution of curvature. At a median follow-up of 12 (1–20) months, 6 (85.7%) patients reported satisfaction with residual curvature &lt;20°.

Conclusion
Patients with residual or delayed recurrence of curvature after plication for Peyronie’s disease can be effectively managed with salvage plication.
Emergency Department Use in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Data Linkage Study
Authors: Fortin Olivier , Ng Pamela , Dorais Marc , Koclas Louise , Pigeon Nicole , Shevell Michael , Oskoui Maryam 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT:Objective:To describe the pattern of emergency department (ED) consultations in children with cerebral palsy (CP) compared to controls and factors predictive of ED consultations.Methods:This retrospective cohort study linked data from the Registre de la paralysie cérébrale du Québec (REPACQ) and provincial administrative health databases. The CP cohort was comprised of children enrolled in REPACQ born between 1999 and 2002. REPACQ covers 6 of 17 Quebec health administrative regions. Region-, age-, and gender-matched controls were identified from administrative health databases in a 20:1 ratio. The primary outcome was high use of ED services (≥4 ED visits during the study period). Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.Results:In total, 301 children with CP were linked to administrative data and 6040 peer controls were selected. Ninety-two percent (92%) of the CP cohort had at least one ED visit in the study period, compared to 74% among controls (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.19–1.28). Children with CP were more likely than their peers to have high ED use (RR 1.40; 95% CI 1.30–1.52). Factors predictive of high ED use were comorbid epilepsy (RR 1.23; 95% CI 1.04–1.46) and severity of motor impairment (RR 1.14; 95% CI 0.95–1.37).Conclusion:Children with CP are more likely to present to the ED than their peers, resulting in increased use of ED services. Coordinated care with improved access to same-day evaluations could decrease ED use. Health system factors and barriers should be investigated to ensure optimal and appropriate use of ED services.
Can We Prevent Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP)?
Authors: Bhasin Himani , Sharma Suvasini , Ramachandrannair Rajesh 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT:Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) remains an important cause of epilepsy-related mortality, especially in patients with refractory epilepsy. The exact cause is not known, but postictal cardiac, respiratory, and brainstem dysfunctions are implicated. SUDEP prevention remains a big challenge. Except for low-quality evidence of preventive effect of nocturnal supervision for SUDEP, no other evidence-based preventive modality is available. Other potential preventive strategies for SUDEP include reducing the occurrence of generalized tonic–clonic seizures using seizure detection devices, detecting cardiorespiratory distress through respiratory and heart rate monitoring devices, preventing airway obstruction (safety pillows), and reducing central hypoventilation using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and adenosine and opiate antagonists. However, none of the above-mentioned modalities has been proven to prevent SUDEP. The present review intends to provide insight into the available SUDEP prevention modalities.
Sociological Profiling of Armed Robbery Convicts in Kirikiri Female Prisons, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Aborisade Richard Abayomi , Oni Similade Fortune 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIncreasing female involvement in violent crime is a concern in Nigeria; still, it is unclear what informs this sudden surge in a society that supposedly socializes feminine gender to be soft, caring, and compassionate. This article explores the sociological profiles of women involved in armed robbery, drawing case examples from 32 convicts in a Nigerian female penitentiary. It was found that women were made susceptible to deviance by some social factors such as familial variables, neighborhood characteristics, gender discrimination, neglect, and violence. Both primary and secondary social groups were found to be major facilitators in the initiation into crime, development of criminal career, entry into armed robbery, and maintenance of life as a robber. This article concludes that gender-based inequality in all social facets and the unfavorable socio-economic conditions in Nigeria increase the vulnerability of women to be recruited into criminality. A revival of the family institution, gender-neutral parenting, government’s intervention for improvement of socio-economic wellbeing, and gender education are suggested.
Effects of Hurricanes on Emergency Department Utilization: An Analysis Across 7 US Storms
Authors: Heslin Kevin C , Barrett Marguerite L , Hensche Molly , Pickens Gary , Ringel Jeanne S , Karaca Zeynal , Owens Pamela L 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:Emergency departments (EDs) are critical sources of care after natural disasters such as hurricanes. Understanding the impact on ED utilization by subpopulation and proximity to the hurricane’s path can inform emergency preparedness planning. This study examines changes in ED utilization for residents of 344 counties after the occurrence of 7 US hurricanes between 2005 and 2016.Methods:This retrospective observational study used ED data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases and State Emergency Department Databases. ED utilization rates for weeks during and after hurricanes were compared with pre-hurricane rates, stratified by the proximity of the patient county to the hurricane path, age, and disease category.Results:The overall population rate of weekly ED visits changed little post-hurricane, but rates by disease categories and age demonstrated varying results. Utilization rates for respiratory disorders exhibited the largest post-hurricane increase, particularly 2–3 weeks following the hurricane. The change in population rates by disease categories and age tended to be larger for people residing in counties closer to the hurricane path.Conclusions:Changes in ED utilization following hurricanes depend on disease categories, age, and proximity to the hurricane path. Emergency managers could incorporate these factors into their planning processes.
On the rotation sets of generic homeomorphisms on the torus
Authors: LIMA HEIDES , VARANDAS PAULO 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study the rotation sets for homeomorphisms homotopic to the identity on the torus

$\mathbb T^d$
,

$d\ge 2$
. In the conservative setting, we prove that there exists a Baire residual subset of the set

$\text {Homeo}_{0, \lambda }(\mathbb T^2)$
of conservative homeomorphisms homotopic to the identity so that the set of points with wild pointwise rotation set is a Baire residual subset in

$\mathbb T^2$
, and that it carries full topological pressure and full metric mean dimension. Moreover, we prove that for every

$d\ge 2$
the rotation set of

$C^0$
-generic conservative homeomorphisms on

$\mathbb T^d$
is convex. Related results are obtained in the case of dissipative homeomorphisms on tori. The previous results rely on the description of the topological complexity of the set of points with wild historic behavior and on the denseness of periodic measures for continuous maps with the gluing orbit property.
Assessing severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) preparedness in US community hospitals: A forgotten entity
Authors: Advani Sonali D. , Baker Esther , Cromer Andrea , Wood Brittain , Crawford Kathryn L. , Crane Linda , Adcock Linda , Roach Linda , Padgette Polly , Anderson Deverick J. , Sexton Daniel J. ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenter Program
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe performed a cross-sectional survey of infection preventionists in 60 US community hospitals between April 22 and May 8, 2020. Several differences in hospital preparedness for SARS-CoV-2 emerged with respect to personal protective equipment conservation strategies, protocols related to testing, universal masking, and restarting elective procedures.
Increase in surgical site infections caused by gram-negative bacteria in warmer temperatures: Results from a retrospective observational study
Authors: Aghdassi Seven Johannes Sam , Gastmeier Petra , Hoffmann Peter , Schwab Frank 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:Surgical site infections (SSIs) occur more frequently during periods of warmer temperatures. We aimed to investigate for which pathogens this association is particularly strong.Design:A retrospective observational study was conducted.Methods:Data from the SSI-module of the German nosocomial infection surveillance system between 2000 and 2016 were linked with data from the German Meteorological Service. Patient- and procedure-related data were associated with monthly aggregated meteorological data. Due to high correlation with other meteorological parameters, we focused on the outside temperature. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated for SSI rates relating to temperature. SSIs were stratified by pathogen. A P value of <.05 was considered significant.Results:Altogether, 2,004,793 procedures resulting in 32,118 SSIs were included. Generally, warmer temperatures were associated with a higher SSI risk, especially for SSIs with gram-negative pathogens. This association was particularly prominent for Acinetobacter spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and certain Enterobacteriaceae. Per additional 1°C, we observed a 6% increase in the SSI risk for Acinetobacter spp and a 4% increase for Enterobacter spp. Superficial SSIs with Acinetobacter spp were 10 times more likely to occur when comparing surgeries in months with mean temperatures of ≥20°C to mean temperatures of <5°C.Conclusions:Higher temperatures were associated with increased SSI rates caused by gram-negative bacteria. Future SSI prevention measures should consider this aspect. Underlying shifts in microbiome composition due to climate factors should be included in further analyses. Given the expected rise of global temperatures until the end of the century, this topic has relevance from multiple perspectives.
David Hume in Chicago: A Twentieth-Century Hoax
Authors: Waldmann Felix 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article alleges that two letters attributed to the philosopher David Hume (1711–1776) were forged in the twentieth century. The letters were first published in 1972 and 1973 by Michael Morrisroe, an assistant professor of English in the University of Illinois, Chicago Circle, after which they became monuments of conventional scholarship on Hume's life and writings. Both letters are cited without qualification by scholars of Hume's thought in dozens of publications, including Ernest Campbell Mossner's celebratedLife of David Hume(1980), and John Robertson's entry for Hume in theOxford Dictionary of National Biography(2004). This article reconstructs the history and transmission of Hume's extant letters and attempts to account for why the forgeries published by Morrisroe were accepted as genuine. It makes a systematic case against the authenticity of the letters, and focuses in particular on the question of whether Hume met the Jansenisthomme de lettresNoël-Antoine Pluche (1688–1761) and had access to his library, in Reims, in 1734. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the exposé for modern editorial scholarship and intellectual history.
Updated inventory of glacier ice in New Zealand based on 2016 satellite imagery
Authors: Baumann Sabine , Anderson Brian , Chinn Trevor , Mackintosh Andrew , Collier Catherine , Lorrey Andrew M. , Rack Wolfgang , Purdie Heather , Eaves Shaun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe only complete inventory of New Zealand glaciers was based on aerial photography starting in 1978. While there have been partial updates using 2002 and 2009 satellite data, most glaciers are still represented by the 1978 outlines in contemporary global glacier databases. The objective of this project is to establish an updated glacier inventory for New Zealand. We have used Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery from February and March 2016 for delineating clean glaciers using a semi-automatic band ratio method and debris-covered glaciers using a maximum likelihood classification. The outlines have been checked against Sentinel-2 MSI data, which have a higher resolution. Manual post processing was necessary due to misclassifications (e.g. lakes, clouds), mapping in shadowed areas, and combining the clean and debris-covered parts into single glaciers. New Zealand glaciers cover an area of 794 ± 34 km2 in 2016 with a debris-covered area of 10%. Of the 2918 glaciers, seven glaciers are >10 km2 while 71% is <0.1 km2. The debris cover on those largest glaciers is >40%. Only 15 glaciers are located on the North Island. For a selection of glaciers, we were able to calculate the area reduction between the 1978 and 2016 inventories.
Snow wetness retrieved from close-range L-band radiometry in the western Greenland ablation zone
Authors: Naderpour Reza , Houtz Derek , Schwank Mike 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClose-range (CR) L-band radiometry and quasi-simultaneous in situ snow characterizations were conducted in May 2019 at the Swiss Camp research site in the ablation zone of the western Greenland ice sheet. Snow liquid-water and its melt/refreeze are retrieved from microwave antenna temperatures measured with the ground-based L-band radiometer ELBARA-III. The emission model (EM) used in the retrieval is a two-layer configuration of the ‘L-Band Specific Microwave Emission Model of Layered Snowpack’. Consistent snow wetness retrievals were achieved from both single- and multi-angle CR observations of L-band antenna temperatures. This suggests that multi-angle observation is not a pre-requisite for snow wetness retrieval. Therefore, in addition to soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS) multi-angle measurements, snow wetness can be estimated from spaceborne L-band brightness temperatures measured at a single observation angle, such as from NASA's SMAP satellite. Our results provide partial validation of a recently presented snow wetness retrieval approach based on the same EM and applied over Greenland using multi-angle SMOS brightness temperatures. Agreement between measured CR antenna temperatures and SMOS brightness temperatures is found to be within the 95% confidence intervals of ELBARA-III and SMOS measurement uncertainties. Our measurements confirm the modeled response of antenna temperatures to diurnal variations of snow wetness.
A GENERALIZATION OF THE THEORY OF STANDARDLY STRATIFIED ALGEBRAS I: STANDARDLY STRATIFIED RINGOIDS
Authors: MENDOZA O. , ORTÍZ M. , SÁENZ C. , SANTIAGO V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe extend the classical notion of standardly stratified k-algebra (stated for finite dimensional k-algebras) to the more general class of rings, possibly without 1, with enough idempotents. We show that many of the fundamental results, which are known for classical standardly stratified algebras, can be generalized to this context. Furthermore, new classes of rings appear as: ideally standardly stratified and ideally quasi-hereditary. In the classical theory, it is known that quasi-hereditary and ideally quasi-hereditary algebras are equivalent notions, but in our general setting, this is no longer true. To develop the theory, we use the well-known connection between rings with enough idempotents and skeletally small categories (ringoids or rings with several objects).
Does smoking cause lower educational attainment and general cognitive ability? Triangulation of causal evidence using multiple study designs
Authors: Gage Suzanne H. , Sallis Hannah M. , Lassi Glenda , Wootton Robyn E. , Mokrysz Claire , Davey Smith George , Munafò Marcus R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies have found associations between smoking and both poorer cognitive ability and lower educational attainment; however, evaluating causality is challenging. We used two complementary methods to explore this.MethodsWe conducted observational analyses of up to 12 004 participants in a cohort study (Study One) and Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses using summary and cohort data (Study Two). Outcome measures were cognitive ability at age 15 and educational attainment at age 16 (Study One), and educational attainment and fluid intelligence (Study Two).ResultsStudy One: heaviness of smoking at age 15 was associated with lower cognitive ability at age 15 and lower educational attainment at age 16. Adjustment for potential confounders partially attenuated findings (e.g. fully adjusted cognitive ability β −0.736, 95% CI −1.238 to −0.233, p = 0.004; fully adjusted educational attainment β −1.254, 95% CI −1.597 to −0.911, p < 0.001). Study Two: MR indicated that both smoking initiation and lifetime smoking predict lower educational attainment (e.g. smoking initiation to educational attainment inverse-variance weighted MR β −0.197, 95% CI −0.223 to −0.171, p = 1.78 × 10−49). Educational attainment results were robust to sensitivity analyses, while analyses of general cognitive ability were less so.ConclusionWe find some evidence of a causal effect of smoking on lower educational attainment, but not cognitive ability. Triangulation of evidence across observational and MR methods is a strength, but the genetic variants associated with smoking initiation may be pleiotropic, suggesting caution in interpreting these results. The nature of this pleiotropy warrants further study.