bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic and experimental data provide new insights into luciferin biosynthesis and bioluminescence evolution in fireflies
Authors: Zhang Ru , He Jinwu , Dong Zhiwei , Liu Guichun , Yin Yuan , Zhang Xinying , Li Qi , Ren Yandong , Yang Yongzhi , Liu Wei , Chen Xianqing , Xia Wenhao , Duan Kang , Hao Fei , Lin Zeshan , Yang Jie , Chang Zhou , Zhao Ruoping , Wan Wenting , Lu Sihan , Peng Yanqiong , Ge Siqin , Wang Wen , Li Xueyan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFireflies are among the most charismatic insects for their spectacular bioluminescence, but the origin and evolution of bioluminescence remain elusive. Especially, the genic basis of luciferin (d-luciferin) biosynthesis and light patterns is largely unknown. Here, we present the high-quality reference genomes of two firefliesLamprigera yunnana(1053 Mb) andAbscondita terminalis(501 Mb) with great differences in both morphology and luminous behavior. We sequenced the transcriptomes and proteomes of luminous organs of two species. We created the CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutants ofAbdominal Bgene without luminous organs in the larvae ofA. terminalisand sequenced the transcriptomes of mutants and wild-types. Combining gene expression analyses with comparative genomics, we propose a more complete luciferin synthesis pathway, and confirm the convergent evolution of bioluminescence in insects. Using experiments, the function of the firefly acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT1) to convertl-luciferin tod-luciferin was validated for the first time. Comparisons of three-dimension reconstruction of luminous organs and their differentially expressed genes among two species suggest that two positive genes in the calcium signaling pathway and structural difference of luminous organs may play an important role in the evolution of flash pattern. Altogether, our results provide important resources for further exploring bioluminescence in insects.
Pattern recognition of the fluid flow in a 3D domain by combination of Lattice Boltzmann and ANFIS methods
Authors: Babanezhad Meisam , Nakhjiri Ali Taghvaie , Marjani Azam , Shirazian Saeed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany numerical methods have been used to simulate the fluid flow pattern in different industrial devices. However, they are limited with modeling of complex geometries, numerical stability and expensive computational time for computing, and large hard drive. The evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) methods in learning large datasets with massive inputs and outputs of CFD results enables us to present completely artificial CFD results without existing numerical method problems. As AI methods can not feel barriers in numerical methods, they can be used as an assistance tool beside numerical methods to predict the process in complex geometries and unstable numerical regions within the short computational time. In this study, we use an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in the prediction of fluid flow pattern recognition in the 3D cavity. This prediction overview can reduce the computational time for visualization of fluid in the 3D domain. The method of ANFIS is used to predict the flow in the cavity and illustrates some artificial cavities for a different time. This method is also compared with the genetic algorithm fuzzy inference system (GAFIS) method for the assessment of numerical accuracy and prediction capability. The result shows that the ANFIS method is very successful in the estimation of flow compared with the GAFIS method. However, the GAFIS can provide faster training and prediction platform compared with the ANFIS method.
Correlation of a new hydrodynamic index with other effective indexes in Chiari I malformation patients with different associations
Authors: Gholampour Seifollah , Gholampour Hanie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to find a new CSF hydrodynamic index to assess Chiari type I malformation (CM-I) patients’ conditions and examine the relationship of this new index with morphometric and volumetric changes in these patients and their clinical symptoms. To this end, 58 CM-I patients in four groups and 20 healthy subjects underwent PC-MRI. Ten morphometric and three volumetric parameters were calculated. The CSF hydrodynamic parameters were also analyzed through computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation. The maximum CSF pressure was identified as a new hydrodynamic parameter to assess the CM-I patients’ conditions. This parameter was similar in patients with the same symptoms regardless of the group to which they belonged. The result showed a weak correlation between the maximum CSF pressure and the morphometric parameters in the patients. Among the volumetric parameters, PCF volume had the highest correlation with the maximum CSF pressure, which its value being higher in patients with CM-I/SM/scoliosis (R2 = 65.6%, P = 0.0022) than in the other patients. PCF volume was the more relevant volumetric parameter to assess the patients’ symptoms. The values of PCF volume were greater in patients that headache symptom was more obvious than other symptoms, as compared to the other patients.
Interaction between MyD88, TIRAP and IL1RL1 against Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Fulgione Andrea , Papaianni Marina , Cuomo Paola , Paris Debora , Romano Marco , Tuccillo Concetta , Palomba Letizia , Medaglia Chiara , De Seta Massimiliano , Esposito Nicolino , Motta Andrea , Iannelli Antonio , Iannelli Domenico , Capparelli Rosanna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Toll-interleukin 1 receptor superfamily includes the genes interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1), Toll like receptors (TLRs), myeloid differentiation primary-response 88 (MyD88), and MyD88 adaptor-like (TIRAP). This study describes the interaction between MyD88, TIRAP and IL1RL1 against Helicobacter pylori infection. Cases and controls were genotyped at the polymorphic sites MyD88 rs6853, TIRAP rs8177374 and IL1RL1 rs11123923. The results show that specific combinations of IL1RL1-TIRAP (AA-CT; P: 2,8 × 10–17) and MyD88-TIRAP-IL1RL1 (AA-CT-AA; P: 1,4 × 10–8) – but not MyD88 alone—act synergistically against Helicobacter pylori. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) clearly discriminates cases from controls by highlighting significantly different expression levels of several metabolites (tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, branched-chain amino acids, short chain fatty acids, glucose, sucrose, urea, etc.). NMR also identifies the following dysregulated metabolic pathways associated to Helicobacter pylori infection: phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism, pterine biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and galactose metabolism. Furthermore, NMR discriminates between the cases heterozygous at the IL1RL1 locus from those homozygous at the same locus. Heterozygous patients are characterized by high levels of lactate, and IL1RL1—both associated with anti-inflammatory activity—and low levels of the pro-inflammatory molecules IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, and IL-6.
Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from pets in selected mountainous areas of Tatra County (Tatra Mountains, Poland)
Authors: Kocoń Anna , Asman Marek , Nowak-Chmura Magdalena , Witecka Joanna , Kłyś Małgorzata , Solarz Krzysztof 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe mountainous and foothill areas, in which the city of Zakopane, the capital of Tatra County, is located are characterized by continuous weather changes, lower air temperature, persistent snow cover, and poorer vegetation than in the lowlands. Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes hexagonus are vectors of tick-borne diseases and play an important role in the persistence of tick-borne diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the risk of exposure of domestic cats and dogs to the attacks of Ixodid ticks, to tick-borne infections with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti and Toxoplasma gondii in the city of Zakopane and the surrounding area. In 2017–2018 ticks were collected from a total of 10 domestic cats and 88 domestic dogs. Selected pathogens of tick-borne diseases were detected by PCR and nested PCR. The study material contained 119 I. ricinus and 36 I. hexagonus. The molecular examinations showed the presence of A. phagocytophilum in 3.8%, B. microti in 24.5% and T. gondii in 4.5% of the all ticks. In addition, in the study area, there is a high potential risk of tick-borne infection by B. microti, and a low potential risk of exposure to A. phagocytophilum and T. gondii infection.
Insight into the distinctive paradigm of Human Cytomegalovirus associated intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis in neonates
Authors: Chatterjee Aroni , Mukherjee Sumit , Basu Biswanath , Roy Debsopan , Basu Rivu , Ghosh Hiya , Mishra Lopamudra , Bhattacharya Mala , Chakraborty Nilanjan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHuman Cytomegalovirus has been implicated as a probable cause for the development of hepatic cholestasis among neonates. Our study tried to ascertain the exact demographic, biochemical and immunological markers to differentially diagnose patients with HCMV associated intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis and also decipher the phylogenetic variability among the viral strains infecting the two groups. A total of 110 neonates collected over a span of 2 years were selected for the study classified into four different groups based on the presence of hepatic cholestasis and active HCMV infection. Our analysis predicted that total Cholesterol, GGT, ALP and TNFα were the only significant biological markers with exact cut-off scores, capable of distinguishing between HCMV associated intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis. We confirmed that in patients belonging to both of these groups, the inflammasome is activated and the extent of this activation is more or less same except for the initial activators NLRP3 and AIM2 respectively. When we performed two separate phylogenetic analyses with HCMV gM and gN gene sequences, we found that in both cases the sequences from the IHC and EHC groups formed almost separate phylogenetic clusters. Our study has shown that the HCMV clinical strains infecting at intrahepatic and extrahepatic sites are phylogenetically segregated as distinct clusters. These two separate groups show different physiological as well as immunological modulations while infecting a similar host.
Awake state-specific suppression of primary somatosensory evoked response correlated with duration of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Ishida Makoto , Jin Kazutaka , Kakisaka Yosuke , Kanno Akitake , Kawashima Ryuta , Nakasato Nobukazu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEpilepsy is a network disease. The primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is usually considered to be intact, but could be subclinically disturbed based on abnormal functional connectivity in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We aimed to investigate if the S1 of TLE is abnormally modulated. Somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs) evoked by median nerve stimulation were recorded in each hemisphere of 15 TLE patients and 28 normal subjects. All responses were separately averaged in the awake state and light sleep using background magnetoencephalography. Latency and strength of the equivalent current dipole (ECD) was compared between the groups for the first (M1) and second peaks. Latencies showed no significant differences between the groups in either wakefulness or light sleep. ECD strengths were significantly lower in TLE patients than in controls only during wakefulness. The reduction of M1 ECD strength in the awake state is significantly correlated with duration of epilepsy. SEFs of TLE patients showed pure ECD strength reduction without latency delay. The phenomenon occurred exclusively during wakefulness, suggesting that a wakefulness-specific modulator of S1 is abnormal in TLE. Repetitive seizures may gradually insult the modulator of S1 distant from the epileptogenic network.
Impact of unequal distances among acoustic sensors on cross-correlation based fisheries stock assessment technique
Authors: Hossain Shaik Asif , Hossen Monir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCross-correlation based fisheries stock assessment technique utilized array of multiple acoustic sensors which were equidistant pair. However, at practical implementation of this technique, equal distances among acoustic sensors is sometimes challenging due to different practical phenomenon. Therefore, in this study, we work on this issue and investigated the impact of unequal distances among the acoustic sensors. We found that cross-correlation based technique proved its effectiveness even for the unequal spacing among acoustic sensors. We considered chirp generating species of fish and mammals, i.e., damselfish (Dascyllus aruanus), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), dugongs (Dugong dugong), etc., species, and three acoustic sensors array for simulation purposes. Some limitations including negligence of multipath interference, assuming the delays to be integer were compromised during simulations.
Magnetic torques on T Tauri stars: Accreting versus non-accreting systems
Authors: Pantolmos G. , Zanni C. , Bouvier J. 
Published: September 2020

Context. Classical T Tauri stars (CTTs) magnetically interact with their surrounding disks, a process that is thought to regulate their rotational evolution.
Aims. We compute torques acting on the stellar surface of CTTs that arise from different accreting (accretion funnels) and ejecting (stellar winds and magnetospheric ejections) flow components. Furthermore, we compare the magnetic braking due to stellar winds in two different systems: isolated (i.e., weak-line T Tauri and main-sequence) and accreting (i.e., classical T Tauri) stars.
Methods. We use 2.5D magnetohydrodynamic, time-dependent, axisymmetric simulations that were computed with the PLUTO code. For both systems, the stellar wind is thermally driven. In the star-disk-interaction (SDI) simulations, the accretion disk is Keplerian, viscous, and resistive, and is modeled with an alpha prescription. Two series of simulations are presented, one for each system (i.e., isolated and accreting stars).
Results. In classical T Tauri systems, the presence of magnetospheric ejections confines the stellar-wind expansion, resulting in an hourglass-shaped geometry of the outflow, and the formation of the accretion columns modifies the amount of open magnetic flux exploited by the stellar wind. These effects have a strong impact on the stellar-wind properties, and we show that the stellar-wind braking is more efficient in the SDI systems than in the isolated ones. We further derive torque scalings over a wide range of magnetic field strengths for each flow component in an SDI system (i.e., magnetospheric accretion and ejections, and stellar winds), which directly applies a torque on the stellar surface.
Conclusions. In all the performed SDI simulations, the stellar wind extracts less than 2% of the mass accretion rate and the disk is truncated by up to 66% of the corotation radius. All simulations show a net spin-up torque. We conclude that in order to achieve a stellar-spin equilibrium, we need either more massive stellar winds or disks that are truncated closer to the corotation radius, which increases the torque efficiency of the magnetospheric ejections.
Investigating the magnetospheric accretion process in the young pre-transitional disk system DoAr 44 (V2062 Oph)
Authors: Bouvier J. , Alecian E. , Alencar S. H. P. , Sousa A. , Donati J.-F. , Perraut K. , Bayo A. , Rebull L. M. , Dougados C. , Duvert G. , Berger J.-P. , Benisty M. , Pouilly K. , Folsom C. , Moutou C. ,   the SPIRou consortium
Published: September 2020

Context. Young stars interact with their accretion disk through their strong magnetosphere.
Aims. We aim to investigate the magnetospheric accretion/ejection process in the young stellar system DoAr 44 (V2062 Oph).
Methods. We monitored the system over several rotational cycles, combining high-resolution spectropolarimetry at both optical and near-IR wavelengths with long-baseline near-IR inteferometry and multicolor photometry.
Results. We derive a rotational period of 2.96 d from the system’s light curve, which is dominated by stellar spots. We fully characterize the central star’s properties from the high signal-to-noise, high-resolution optical spectra we obtained during the campaign. DoAr 44 is a young 1.2 M⊙ star, moderately accreting from its disk (Ṁacc = 6.5 10−9 M⊙ yr−1), and seen at a low inclination (i ≃ 30°). Several optical and near-IR line profiles probing the accretion funnel flows (Hα, Hβ, HeI 1083 nm, Paβ) and the accretion shock (HeI 587.6 nm) are modulated at the stellar rotation period. The most variable line profile is HeI 1083 nm, which exhibits modulated redshifted wings that are a signature of accretion funnel flows, as well as deep blueshifted absorptions indicative of transient outflows. The Zeeman-Doppler analysis suggests the star hosts a mainly dipolar magnetic field, inclined by about 20° onto the spin axis, with an intensity reaching about 800 G at the photosphere, and up to 2 ± 0.8 kG close to the accretion shock. The magnetic field appears strong enough to disrupt the inner disk close to the corotation radius, at a distance of about 4.6 R⋆ (0.043 au), which is consistent with the 5 R⋆ (0.047 au) upper limit we derived for the size of the magnetosphere in our Paper I from long baseline interferometry.
Conclusions. DoAr 44 is a pre-transitional disk system, exhibiting a 25–30 au gap in its circumstellar disk, with the inner and outer disks being misaligned. On a scale of 0.1 au or less, our results indicate that the system is steadily accreting from its inner disk through its tilted dipolar magnetosphere. We conclude that in spite of a highly structured disk on the large scale, perhaps the signature of ongoing planetary formation, the magnetospheric accretion process proceeds unimpeded at the star-disk interaction level.
Basic Clinical Examination of the Foot and Ankle
Authors: Kehrer Michael , Kohlhof Hendrik , Schwetje Desiree , Kasapovic Adnan , Kehrer Andreas , Wirtz Dieter Christian , Friedrich Max J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSuccessful treatment of foot and ankle diseases requires an accurate diagnosis. In addition to differentiated history taking, clinical examination is the most important component in the diagnosis of foot and ankle diseases. The present video explains the common provocation tests and functional tests that are used in the basic clinical examination of the foot and ankle complex. In addition to general inspection and palpation, the focus is on different diagnostic tests and clinical signs that improve diagnostic accuracy. The present basic clinical examination methods allow a structured approach to clinical issues and can be a good basis, if supplemented by further specific and individual tests.
Auswirkungen von Bewegung auf die Gesundheit
Authors: Miko Hans-Christian , Zillmann Nadine , Ring-Dimitriou Susanne , Dorner Thomas Ernst , Titze Sylvia , Bauer Robert 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungRegelmäßige Bewegung trägt sowohl zum Erhalt als auch
zur Verbesserung des Gesundheitszustandes bei und ist für die
menschliche Entwicklung über die gesamte Lebensspanne des Menschen
wichtig. Starke Evidenz hinsichtlich der positiven Auswirkung
körperlicher Aktivität auf die Gesundheit liegt in den
Bereichen Gesamtsterblichkeit, Krebserkrankungen, Herz-Kreislaufgesundheit,
muskuloskelettale Gesundheit, Stoffwechselgesundheit sowie neurokognitive
Gesundheit vor. Körperliche Aktivität umfasst jede Form von
Bewegung, bei der durch die Kontraktion der Skelettmuskulatur eine
Erhöhung des Energieverbrauchs erzielt wird. Sie wird über
die Belastungskomponenten Häufigkeit, Dauer, Intensität und
Wochenumfang quantifiziert und gesteuert. Als gesundheitswirksame
körperliche Aktivität werden all jene Bewegungsformen
bezeichnet, welche die Gesundheit verbessern und bei denen das
Verletzungsrisiko gering ist. In den Österreichischen
Bewegungsempfehlungen werden ausdauerorientierte Bewegung, Krafttraining und
Koordinationsübungen empfohlen. Training nimmt innerhalb der
gesundheitswirksamen körperlichen Aktivität eine
Sonderstellung ein. Es zielt darauf ab, Anpassungsvorgänge im
Körper in Gang zu setzen, um Körperfunktionen zu verbessern.
Dabei muss die Aktivität an die unterschiedliche individuelle
Leistungsfähigkeit, das Aktivitätsniveau und das Alter
angepasst und nach bestimmten Grundsätzen durchgeführt
werden. Durch das Training kommt es zu einer positiven Veränderung
physiologischer Parameter, die wiederum in enger Verbindung mit einer
Verbesserung des Gesundheitszustandes steht. Durch
regelmäßige ausdauerorientierte und
muskelkräftigende Bewegung werden weitreichende Gesundheitseffekte
erzielt. Dennoch kann es bei der Ausführung zu unerwünschten
Ereignissen kommen. Hiervon betroffen sind v. a. der Bewegungsapparat und
das Kreislaufsystem. Durch adäquate Vorbereitung, passende
Ausrüstung und richtige Ausübung wird jedoch nicht nur der
persönliche, sondern auch der gemeinschaftliche Gesundheitsnutzen
durch Bewegung und Sport gesteigert.
Is There a Role for Cartilage Imaging in Athletes?
Authors: Yamamoto Asako , Levine Benjamin D. , Padron Mario , Chung Christine B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article reviews implications for cartilage imaging in athletes in the setting of (1) acute chondral injury diagnosis, (2) evaluation and follow-up of conservative and surgical therapy, and (3) evaluation of cartilage as a surrogate for meniscal function and joint stability. Focal knee cartilage defects are common in athletic populations. Athletes with articular cartilage injury may initially be able to return to sport with conservative therapy; however, a reduction of athletic ability and progression to osteoarthritis is expected in athletes with untreated severe chondral injury. For diagnostic and pre- and postsurgical evaluation purposes, morphological magnetic resonance (MR) assessment of the articular cartilage with high-resolution protocols is crucial. Although not widely implemented for clinical use, compositional MR techniques have great potential for monitoring the development and progression of biochemical and microstructural changes in cartilage extracellular matrix before gross morphological changes occur.
Sports Imaging of Team Handball Injuries
Authors: Fritz Benjamin , Parkar Anagha P. , Cerezal Luis , Storgaard Morten , Boesen Mikael , Åström Gunnar , Fritz Jan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTeam handball is a fast high-scoring indoor contact sport with > 20 million registered players who are organized in > 150 federations worldwide. The combination of complex and unique biomechanics of handball throwing, permitted body tackles and blocks, and illegal fouls contribute to team handball ranging among the four athletic sports that carry the highest risks of injury. The categories include a broad range of acute and overuse injuries that most commonly occur in the shoulder, knee, and ankle. In concert with sports medicine, physicians, surgeons, physical therapists, and radiologists consult in the care of handball players through the appropriate use and expert interpretations of radiography, ultrasonography, CT, and MRI studies to facilitate diagnosis, characterization, and healing of a broad spectrum of acute, complex, concomitant, chronic, and overuse injuries. This article is based on published data and the author team's cumulative experience in playing and caring for handball players in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Germany, Switzerland, and Spain. The article reviews and illustrates the spectrum of common handball injuries and highlights the contributions of sports imaging for diagnosis and management.