bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical and environmental characterization of dual-purpose cattle farms and ways of improving production: A case study in Colombia
Authors: González-Quintero Ricardo , Barahona-Rosales Rolando , Bolívar-Vergara Diana María , Chirinda Ngonidzashe , Arango Jacobo , Pantévez Heiber Alexander , Correa-Londoño Guillermo , Sánchez-Pinzón María Solange 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere are few reports on dual-purpose cattle systems characterization in Latin America and Colombia based on large datasets. This limits our understanding of their dynamics, and the establishment of public policies and government programs to improve their productive performance, promotion and rural development. This study aimed to characterize very small, small, medium, and large dual-purpose farms in Colombia from technical and environmental perspectives. The data analysed were obtained from the Ganadería Colombiana Sostenible and the LivestockPlus projects, which gathered information from a total of 1313 dual-purpose farms in Colombia. Farms were classified as being either very small (1 to 30 bovines), small (31 to 50 bovines), medium (51 to 250 bovines), or large farms (more than 251 bovines). Numerical and categorical variables were distributed into five components: (1) General Farm Information, (2) Herd Composition and Management, (3) Pasture Management, (4) Production Information, and (5) Environmental Information. Each component was analysed using the factorial analysis of mixed data (FAMD) method. According to FAMD, for the components General Farm Information, Herd Composition and Management, Pasture Management, and Production Information, the distribution of variables led to a spatial separation of the centroid from each category of producers. For the component Environmental Information, there was no separation of the centroid. In general, medium-sized and large farms showed better infrastructure, better machinery and equipment, and better reproductive practices; however, this was not reflected in a significant improvement of productive parameters, except for a lower mortality rate. Larger livestock producers need to plan their livestock husbandry activities properly, based on their better available infrastructure and livestock management practices, with the purpose of increasing productivity. The main features identified for each livestock producer category can be the basis to guide and establish policies and programmes for their technological development. The development of better livestock management practices and the implementation of technology, as well as technical assistance, should focus on small- and medium-sized livestock producers, which could lead to reaching a better productive and reproductive performance of dual-purpose systems.
The need for post-operative vasopressor infusions after major gynae-oncologic surgery within an ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) pathway
Authors: Bossy Michèle , Nyman Molly , Madhuri Thumuluru Kavitha , Tailor Anil , Chatterjee Jayanta , Butler-Manuel Simon , Ellis Patricia , Feldheiser Aarne , Creagh-Brown Ben 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Hypotension following major abdominal surgery is common, and once hypovolaemia has been optimally treated, is often due to vasodilation which can be treated with vasopressor infusions. There is unpredictability in the dose and duration of post-operative vasopressor infusions, and factors associated with this have not been determined.

Methods
We present a case series of consecutive patients who received major gynae-oncology surgery delivered within an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathway at a single institution. Patients were electively admitted from theatre directly to the intensive care unit (ICU). Data was collected prospectively into electronic databases (Philips ICCA, Wardwatcher) and then retrospectively collated and appropriate statistical analyses were performed. In the absence of a consensus definition of vasoplegia, we, necessarily arbitrarily, chose a noradrenaline dose of > 0.1 mcg/kg/min at 08:00 on the first post-operative day. The rationale is that this would be more than would typically be expected to counteract the vasodilatory effects of epidural analgesia, which is commonly used at our institution.

Results
Data was collected from 324 patients, all treated between February 2014 and July 2016. The average age was 67 years and 39% received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The commonest tumour type was ovarian (58%). The median estimated blood loss was 800 ml and epidural analgesia was used in 71%. Fifty per cent received post-operative vasopressor infusions: factors associated with this included epidural use and estimated blood loss. Nineteen per cent met our criteria for vasoplegia: factors associated with this included CRP on post-operative day 1 and P-POSSUM morbidity score. Hospital and ICU length of stay was prolonged in those who had vasoplegia.

Conclusions
Patients commonly receive vasopressors following major gynae-oncologic surgery, and this can be at relatively high doses. Clinical factors only accounted for a minority of the variability in vasopressor usage—suggesting considerable biological variability. Optimal care of patients having major abdomino-pelvic surgery may include advanced haemodynamic monitoring and ready availability of infused vasopressors, in a suitable environment.
Factors associated with non-invasive mechanical ventilation failure in patients with hematological neoplasia and their association with outcomes
Authors: Barreto Lídia Miranda , Ravetti Cecilia Gómez , Athaíde Thiago Bragança , Bragança Renan Detoffol , Pinho Nathália Costa , Chagas Lucas Vieira , de Lima Bastos Fabrício , Nobre Vandack ,   on behalf of the Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Medicina Intensiva (NIIMI)
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The usefulness of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) in oncohematological patients is still a matter of debate.

Aim
To analyze the rate of noninvasive ventilation failure and the main characteristics associated with this endpoint in oncohematological patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF).

Methods
A ventilatory support protocol was developed and implemented before the onset of the study. According to the PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio and clinical judgment, patients received supplementary oxygen therapy, NIMV, or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).

Results
Eighty-two patients were included, average age between 52.1 ± 16 years old; 44 (53.6%) were male. The tested protocol was followed in 95.1% of cases. Six patients (7.3%) received IMV, 59 (89.7%) received NIMV, and 17 (20.7%) received oxygen therapy. ICU mortality rates were significantly higher in the IMV (83.3%) than in the NIMV (49.2%) and oxygen therapy (5.9%) groups (P < 0.001). Among the 59 patients who initially received NIMV, 30 (50.8%) had to eventually be intubated. Higher SOFA score at baseline (1.35 [95% CI = 1.12–2.10], P = 0.007), higher respiratory rate (RR) (1.10 [95% CI = 1.00–1.22], P = 0.048), and sepsis on admission (16.9 [95% CI = 1.93–149.26], P = 0.011) were independently associated with the need of orotracheal intubation among patients initially treated with NIMV. Moreover, NIMV failure was independently associated with ICU (P < 0.001) and hospital mortality (P = 0.049), and mortality between 6 months and 1 year (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The implementation of a NIMV protocol is feasible in patients with hematological neoplasia admitted to the ICU, even though its benefits still remain to be demonstrated. NIMV failure was associated with higher SOFA and RR and more frequent sepsis, and it was also related to poor prognosis.
Bio-EPDM/tungsten oxide nanocomposite foam with improved thermal storage and sea water resistance
Authors: Sang Jeong Seon , Kim Taehyung , Park Eun-Young , Park Juhyun , Eum Yumin , Oh Kyung Wha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBio ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) produced with sugarcane-derived ethylene is an eco-friendly alternative material that can perform similarly to an oil-based synthetic rubber while reducing dependence on fossil resources. In this study, bio-EPDM/tungsten oxide nanocomposite was prepared to improve thermal insulation properties of bio-EPDM foam for application in highly functional eco-friendly diving wetsuits. The synthesized tungsten bronze nanorods (TBNRs) were doped with sodium and added to the bio-EPDM compound, then foam was generated by molding at 155 °C under a high-pressure. After foam molding, the effects of TBNRs on the sea water resistance as well as the thermal and mechanical properties of bio-EPDM foam were investigated. As a result, TBNRs remarkably improved the softness and photothermal properties of bio-EPDM foam without a significant reduction of their mechanical properties. Especially, the excellent dimensional stability of the bio-EPDM foam with TBNRs under the sea water circumstance highlights its superiority as a material for marine sports. Overall results indicate that the bio-EPDM foam material containing TBNRs at the optimum ratio can be fully utilized for the development of eco-friendly and high-performance wetsuit materials with excellent elasticity, flexibility, and thermal insulation properties.
Disaggregating the headquarters: implications for overseas R&D subsidiaries’ reporting and the subsidiaries’ knowledge-sharing patterns
Authors: Asakawa Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study explores the relations between the different parts of headquarters (HQ) to which subsidiaries report and the knowledge-sharing patterns of subsidiaries in multinational corporations (MNCs). Despite the growing interest in the disaggregation of HQ, little is known about how subsidiaries’ reporting relationships with different parts of HQ are associated with the knowledge-sharing patterns of subsidiaries. Based on this motivation, we disaggregated HQ into different parts, i.e., corporate R&D HQ, top management, divisional HQ, and regional HQ, and explored how knowledge-sharing patterns of overseas R&D subsidiaries vary according to the different parts of the HQ to which they report. We found that subsidiaries reporting to corporate R&D HQ show the highest level of external knowledge sharing (EKS), while those reporting to divisional HQ show the lowest level; in addition, subsidiaries reporting to top management show the highest level of internal knowledge sharing (IKS), while those reporting to regional HQ show the lowest level. The study implies that the knowledge-sharing patterns of overseas R&D subsidiaries in MNCs cannot be fully understood without examining the subsidiaries’ reporting relationships with differing parts of the HQ.
Haemoptysis treated by bronchial artery embolisation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: case report
Authors: Murgo Salvatore , Lheureux Olivier , Taccone Fabio , Vouche Michael , Golzarian Jafar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
We found no data in the literature on the embolization of the bronchial arteries in the context of hemoptysis associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We therefore decided to share this experience.

Case presentation
A 62-year-old patient with no significant medical history was admitted with acute respiratory distress. Chest computed tomography showed diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities with limited consolidations. Diagnostic tests confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The severity of respiratory failure required the implantation of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The patient developed severe haemoptysis, which was successfully treated by bronchial artery embolisation.

Conclusions
In the case of coronavirus-19 pneumonia, our experience suggests that the treatment of severe haemoptysis by bronchial artery embolisation is feasible and effective. The survival benefit should be assessed in the future.
Are the Different Diabetes Subgroups Correlated With All-Cause, Cancer-Related, and Cardiovascular-Related Mortality?
Authors: Li Peng-Fei , Chen Wei-Liang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Context
Numerous studies have shown that cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the most important cause of mortality among people with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, no studies have evaluated the risk of CVD-related mortality among different DM subgroups.

Objective
We aimed to examine all-cause, CVD-related, and cancer-related mortality for different DM subgroups.

Design, Setting, Patients, and Interventions
We included participants (age ≥ 20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) data set. We evaluated the risks of all-cause and cause-specific (CVD and cancer) mortality among 5 previously defined diabetes subgroups: severe autoimmune diabetes (SAID), severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD), severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD), and mild age-related diabetes (MARD).

Primary Outcome Measure
The hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cause-specific (CVD and cancer) mortality were measured for each of the 5 DM subgroups. We also evaluated the odds ratios (ORs) for retinopathy and nephropathy in each subgroup.

Results
A total of 712 adults were enrolled and the median follow-up time was 12.71 years (range, 0.25-18.08 years). The number of deaths in the 5 subgroups (SAID, SIDD, SIRD, MOD, and MARD) were 50, 75, 64, 7, and 18, respectively, and the number of CVD-related deaths in the 5 subgroups was 29, 30, 26, 2, and 11, respectively. Compared to the MOD subgroup, the adjusted HRs and 95% CIs of CVD-related mortality for the SAID, SIDD, SIRD, and MARD subgroups were 3.23 (95% CI, 0.77-13.61), 2.87 (95% CI, 0.68-12.06), 2.23 (95% CI, 0.53-9.50), and 4.75 (95% CI, 1.05-21.59), respectively (the HR for the MARD subgroup had a P value of .04). In addition, compared to the MARD subgroup, the adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for retinopathy in the SAID and SIDD groups were 2.38 (95% CI, 1.13-5.01, P = .02) and 3.34 (95% CI, 1.17-6.88, P = .001), respectively. The ORs for nephropathy were nonsignificant.

Conclusions
Our study of patients from the NHANES III data set indicated that among the different DM subgroups, the MARD subgroup tended to have a higher CVD-related mortality than the MOD subgroup. The all-cause and cancer-related mortality rates were similar across the different diabetes subgroups. In addition, compared to the MARD subgroup, the SAID and SIDD subgroups had a higher retinopathy risk, but there was no difference in nephropathy among the subgroups.
Optimizing DXA to Assess Skeletal Health: Key Concepts for Clinicians
Authors: Kennel Kurt A , Sfeir Jad G , Drake Matthew T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Context
The diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk prior to a sentinel fracture was transformed by the widespread clinical use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the assessment of bone mineral density (BMD).

Evidence Acquisition
This review is based on a collection of primary and review literature gathered from a PubMed search of “dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,” “trabecular bone score,” and “atypical femur fracture” among other keywords. PubMed searches were supplemented by the authors’ prior knowledge of the subject.

Evidence Synthesis
While uncertainty exists for some aspects of osteoporosis care, patient and clinician familiarity with BMD assessment for screening and monitoring is firmly established. Beyond BMD, lateral spine images obtained with DXA can diagnose osteoporosis and refine fracture risk through the detection of unrecognized vertebral fractures. In addition, analysis of DXA lumbar spine images can reflect changes in trabecular bone microarchitecture, a component of bone “quality” that predicts risk of fracture independent of BMD. Finally, monitoring of bone health by DXA may be extended to include assessment of the femoral cortices for rare but serious adverse effects associated with antiresorptive therapies.

Conclusions
Increasing technologic sophistication requires additional consideration for how DXA imaging is performed, interpreted and applied to patient care. As with any test, clinicians must be familiar with DXA performance, pitfalls in analysis, and interpretation within each clinical context in which DXA is applied. With this perspective, care providers will be well positioned to contribute to continuous improvement of DXA performance and, in turn, quality of osteoporosis care.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of 3 Doses of Oral-Mucosal Dexmedetomidine Gel for Sedative Premedication in Women Undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Mohamed Sahar Abdel-Baky , Abdel-Ghaffar Hala Saad , Hassan Nivin Abdel-Azim , El Sherif Fatma Adel , Shouman Samia Abdelsamie , Omran Mervat Mostafa , Hassan Sahar Badr , Allam Ayat Ahmed Abd EL-Monsef , Sayed Doaa Gomaa 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND:
Buccal dexmedetomidine (DEX) produces adequate preoperative sedation and anxiolysis when used as a premedication. Formulating the drug as a gel decreases oral losses and improves the absorption of buccal DEX. We compared pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of 3 doses of buccal DEX gel formulated in our pharmaceutical laboratory for sedative premedication in women undergoing modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer.

METHODS:
Thirty-six patients enrolled in 3 groups (n = 12) to receive buccal DEX gel 30 minutes before surgery at 0.5 µg/kg (DEX 0.5 group), 0.75 µg/kg (DEX 0.75 group), or 1 µg/kg (DEX 1 group). Assessments included plasma concentrations of DEX, and pharmacokinetic variables calculated with noncompartmental methods, sedative, hemodynamic and analgesic effects, and adverse effects.

RESULTS:
The median time to reach peak serum concentration of DEX (T
max) was significantly shorter in patients who received 1 µg/kg (60 minutes) compared with those who received 0.5 µg/kg (120 minutes; P = .003) and 0.75 µg/kg (120 minutes; P = .004). The median (first quartile–third quartile) peak concentration of DEX (maximum plasma concentration [C
max]) in plasma was 0.35 ng/mL (0.31–0.49), 0.37 ng/mL (0.34–0.40), and 0.54 ng/mL (0.45–0.61) in DEX 0.5, DEX 0.75, and DEX 1 groups (P = .082). The 3 doses did not produce preoperative sedation. The 1 µg/kg buccal DEX gel produced early postoperative sedation and lower intraoperative and postoperative heart rate values. Postoperative analgesia was evident in the 3 doses in a dose-dependent manner with no adverse effects.

CONCLUSIONS:
Provided that it is administered 60–120 minutes before surgery, sublingual administration of DEX formulated as an oral-mucosal gel may provide a safe and practical means of sedative premedication in adults.
Head Rotation Reduces Oropharyngeal Leak Pressure of the i-gel and LMA® Supreme™ in Paralyzed, Anesthetized Patients: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Chaki Tomohiro , Tachibana Shunsuke , Kumita Sho , Sato Honami , Hamada Kosuke , Tokinaga Yasuyuki , Yamakage Michiaki 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND:
Second-generation supraglottic airway (SGA) devices are useful for airway management during positive pressure ventilation in general anesthesia and emergency medicine. In some clinical settings, such as the anesthetic management of awake craniotomy, SGAs are used in the head-rotated position, which is required for exposure of the surgical field, although this position sometimes worsens the efficiency of mechanical ventilation with SGAs. In this study, we investigated and compared the influence of head rotation on oropharyngeal leak pressures (OPLP) of the i-gel and LMA® Supreme™, which are second-generation SGA devices.

METHODS:
Patients who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into i-gel or LMA Supreme groups. After induction of anesthesia with muscle relaxation, the i-gel or LMA Supreme was inserted according to computerized randomization. The primary outcome was the OPLP at 0°, 30°, and 60° head rotation. The secondary outcomes were the maximum airway pressure and expiratory tidal volume when patients were mechanically ventilated using a volume-controlled ventilation mode with a tidal volume of 10 mL/kg (ideal body weight), ventilation score, and fiber-optic views of vocal cords.

RESULTS:
Thirty-four and 36 participants were included in the i-gel and LMA Supreme groups, respectively. The OPLPs of the i-gel and LMA Supreme significantly decreased as the head rotation angle increased (mean difference [95% confidence interval], P value: i-gel; 0° vs 30°: 3.5 [2.2–4.8], P < .001; 30° vs 60°: 2.0 [0.6–3.5], P = .002; 0° vs 60°: 5.5 [3.3–7.8], P < .001, LMA Supreme; 0° vs 30°: 4.1 [2.6–5.5], P < .001; 30° vs 60°: 2.4 [1.1–3.7], P < .001; 0° vs 60°: 6.5 [5.1–8.0], P < .001). There were statistically significant differences in expiratory tidal volume and ventilation score between 0° and 60° in the i-gel group and in ventilation score between 30° and 60° in the LMA Supreme group. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 devices in all outcome measures. The incidences of adverse events, such as hoarseness or sore throat, were not significantly different between i-gel and LMA Supreme.

CONCLUSIONS:
Head rotation to 30° and 60° reduces OPLP with both i-gel and LMA Supreme. There is no difference in OPLP between i-gel and LMA Supreme in the 3 head rotation positions.
Neural and molecular mechanisms underlying female mate choice decisions in vertebrates
Authors: DeAngelis Ross S. , Hofmann Hans A. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Female mate choice is a dynamic process that allows individuals to selectively mate with those of the opposite sex that display a preferred set of traits. Because in many species males compete with each other for fertilization opportunities, female mate choice can be a powerful agent of sexual selection, often resulting in highly conspicuous traits in males. Although the evolutionary causes and consequences of the ornamentation and behaviors displayed by males to attract mates have been well studied, embarrassingly little is known about the proximate neural mechanisms through which female choice occurs. In vertebrates, female mate choice is inherently a social behavior, and although much remains to be discovered about this process, recent evidence suggests the neural substrates and circuits underlying other fundamental social behaviors (such as pair bonding, aggression and parental care) are likely similarly recruited during mate choice. Notably, female mate choice is not static, as social and ecological environments can shape the brain and, consequently, behavior in specific ways. In this Review, we discuss how social and/or ecological influences mediate female choice and how this occurs within the brain. We then discuss our current understanding of the neural substrates underlying female mate choice, with a specific focus on those that also play a role in regulating other social behaviors. Finally, we propose several promising avenues for future research by highlighting novel model systems and new methodological approaches, which together will transform our understanding of the causes and consequences of female mate choice.