bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abscisic acid promotes jasmonic acid biosynthesis via a ‘SAPK10‐bZIP72‐AOC’ pathway to synergistically inhibit seed germination in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Hou Yuxuan , Qiu Jiehua , Wang Huimei , Wang Shuang , Tang Liqun , Tong Xiaohong , Zhang Jian 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) both inhibit seed germination, but their interactions during this process remain elusive. Here, we report the identification of a ‘SAPK10‐bZIP72‐AOC’ pathway, through which ABA promotes JA biosynthesis to synergistically inhibit rice seed germination.

Using biochemical interaction and phosphorylation assays, we show that SAPK10 exhibits autophosphorylation activity on the 177th serine, which enables it to phosphorylate bZIP72 majorly on 71st serine. The SAPK10‐dependent phosphorylation enhances bZIP72 protein stability as well as the DNA‐binding ability to the G‐box cis‐element of AOC promoter, thereby elevating the AOC transcription and the endogenous concentration of JA.

Blocking of JA biosynthesis significantly alleviated the ABA sensitivity on seed germination, suggesting that ABA‐imposed inhibition partially relied on the elevated concentration of JA.

Our findings shed a novel insight into the molecular networks of ABA–JA synergistic interaction during rice seed germination.
Wide cross‐species RNA‐Seq comparison reveals convergent molecular mechanisms involved in nickel hyperaccumulation across dicotyledons
Authors: García de la Torre Vanesa S. , Majorel‐Loulergue Clarisse , Rigaill Guillem J. , Alfonso‐González Dubiel , Soubigou‐Taconnat Ludivine , Pillon Yohan , Barreau Louise , Thomine Sébastien , Fogliani Bruno , Burtet‐Sarramegna Valérie , Merlot Sylvain 
Published: June 2020

Summary

The Anthropocene epoch is associated with the spreading of metals in the environment increasing oxidative and genotoxic stress on organisms. Interestingly, c. 520 plant species growing on metalliferous soils acquired the capacity to accumulate and tolerate a tremendous amount of nickel in their shoots. The wide phylogenetic distribution of these species suggests that nickel hyperaccumulation evolved multiple times independently. However, the exact nature of these mechanisms and whether they have been recruited convergently in distant species is not known.

To address these questions, we have developed a cross‐species RNA‐Seq approach combining differential gene expression analysis and cluster of orthologous group annotation to identify genes linked to nickel hyperaccumulation in distant plant families.

Our analysis reveals candidate orthologous genes encoding convergent function involved in nickel hyperaccumulation, including the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites and cell wall organization. Our data also point out that the high expression of IREG/Ferroportin transporters recurrently emerged as a mechanism involved in nickel hyperaccumulation in plants. We further provide genetic evidence in the hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens for the role of the NcIREG2 transporter in nickel sequestration in vacuoles.

Our results provide molecular tools to better understand the mechanisms of nickel hyperaccumulation and study their evolution in plants.
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of PD‐L1 in oral cancer: A preliminary retrospective immunohistochemistry study
Authors: Lenouvel Daniel , González‐Moles Miguel Ángel , Ruiz‐Ávila Isabel , Chamorro‐Santos Clara , González‐Ruiz Lucía , González‐Ruiz Isabel , Ramos‐García Pablo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relation between PD‐L1 expression in oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas and clinicopathological features as well as survival outcomes.MethodsA retrospective immunohistochemical study was carried out on 55 archived tumours from 55 patients. Tumours were stained for PD‐L1 and scored by the proportion of tumour cells with positive membranous staining. PD‐L1 scores were compared to the patient's clinicopathological characteristics for any significant associations. Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed for PD‐L1 positive and negative tumours to investigate any advantage to survival.ResultsPositive PD‐L1 staining was found in 58% of tumours and was significantly more likely in non‐smokers, non‐drinkers and in tongue squamous cell carcinomas. Increased PD‐L1 was also associated with increased lymphocyte infiltration as well as PD‐L1 staining in lymphocytes and the epithelium adjacent to tumour invasion. No survival benefit was seen from PD‐L1 expression in tumour cells.ConclusionsPD‐L1 expression is more common in non‐smokers and non‐drinkers, and its presence in the adjacent non‐tumour epithelium suggests it may be involved in early oncogenesis.
General‐Purpose Local Government Defaults: Type, Trend, and Impact
Authors: Yang Lang (Kate) , Abbas Yulianti 
Published: June 2020

Local governments default on bonds when they fail to comply with the monetary and nonmonetary aspects of the debt contracts. Analyses of defaults have relied on reports from credit rating agencies, which include only rated bonds undergoing monetary defaults. Using a unique and comprehensive dataset of defaults, we examine all general‐purpose government defaults from 2009 to 2015 and find defaults to be more common than previously reported. We present a typology of defaults and characteristics of defaulted bonds. Most defaults occur among nongeneral obligation bonds and did not affect the yield of future, unrelated credits of the same issuer, providing support to the credit segmentation hypothesis.
Identification and characterization of important sterile and maintainer lines from various genotypes for advanced breeding programmes of onion (Allium cepa)
Authors: Ahmad Rafiq , Hassan Mahmood‐ul‐ , Akhtar Ghanan B. , Saeed Sadia , Khan Sabaz A. , Shah Muhammad Kausar Nawaz , Khan Nadeem 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOnion is one of the major vegetable crops in terms of production as well as consumption. In the current research, available onion genetic stock was evaluated to identify male‐sterile lines and produce high‐yielding F1 hybrids for future breeding programmes. A mitochondrial DNA‐based marker was mapped and correlated with phenotypic traits to isolate male‐sterile plants. Based on the floral and pollen structure, nine putative male‐sterile lines were identified. On the other hand, for nuclear marker identification at Ms locus, two sets of primers were used, one for Ms dominant allele and another for sterile and maintainer plants. Results revealed that 70% of open pollinated varieties (OPVs) possess plants with sterile cytoplasm coupled with genetic sterility at Ms locus, called sterile “A” line. Approximately 20% of plants in some genotypes were identified with normal (N) cytoplasm having recessive fertility gene at Ms locus, called maintainer “B” line. Based on the present findings, “A”, “B” and “R” (restorer line), future F1 hybrid seed production systems in onion is discussed.
An assessment method for dermal structures using cross‐polarized light imaging with a green light‐emitting diode
Authors: Hong Ji Hyuck , Park Sung Jin , Ham Min Seok , Kim Dai Hyun , Rhyu Im Joo , Kye Young Chul , Ahn Hyo Hyun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral experimental methods for evaluating dermal structures exist; however, most of these are not used in dermatology clinics because of cost and functional limitations.ObjectiveTo propose a simple, non‐invasive method for dermal structure evaluation using a green light‐emitting diode (LED) with cross‐polarized light (CPL) imaging and compare the quality of the images taken using either green or white LED.Materials and MethodsSkin specimens were taken from fifteen cadavers. Images were captured using CPL photography with a green or white LED. The Commission International d’Eclairage L*a*b* (CIELAB) values were calculated for each image. The skin specimens were processed and stained with Masson's trichrome to visualize collagen fibers with major image scattering. The images were histologically analyzed, and correlational and regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between the L* values and histologic measurements.ResultsThe L* values for the green images were positively correlated with collagen fiber density, reticular collagen bundle diameter, and dermal thickness. They were effective for estimating dermal properties. The L* values for the white images were positively correlated with reticular collagen bundle diameter and dermal thickness. Correlational coefficients for white images were lower than those for green images. In regression analysis, green images showed a higher coefficient of determination (R2) for predicting reticular collagen bundle diameter than white images (0.1128 vs. 0.0827).ConclusionCross‐polarized light imaging with a green LED is a simple, non‐invasive method for evaluating dermal structures. The use of a green LED was also more effective for image analysis.
Dear Reviewer 2: Go F’ Yourself
Authors: Peterson David A. M. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to empirically test the wide belief that Reviewer #2 is a uniquely poor reviewer.MethodsThe test involved analyzing the reviewer database from Political Behavior. There are two main tests. First, the reviewer's categorical evaluation of the manuscript was compared by reviewer number. Second, the data were analyzed to test if Reviewer #2 was disproportionately likely to be more than one category below the mean of the other reviewers of the manuscript.ResultsThere is no evidence that Reviewer #2 is either more negative about the manuscript or out of line with the other reviewers. There is, however, evidence that Reviewer #3 is more likely to be more than one category below the other reviewers.ConclusionsReviewer #2 is not the problem. Reviewer #3 is. In fact, he is such a bad actor that he even gets the unwitting Reviewer #2 blamed for his bad behavior.
Epidemiological characteristics and clinical analyses of chronic cutaneous wounds of inpatients in China: Prevention and control
Authors: Cheng Biao , Jiang Yufeng , Fu Xiaobing , Hao Daifeng , Liu Hongwei , Liu Yi , Huang Zhifeng , Tan Qian , Wang Lingfeng , Hu Dahai , Yang Yanqing , Han Chunmao , Cheng Zhifeng , Ran Xingwu , Li Ying 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe increased incidence of chronic cutaneous wounds is likely to lead to increased mortality, and therefore, deserves greater attention. More insight is needed into the magnitude of the problem of chronic cutaneous wounds and methods for their prevention and treatment in China. A retrospective analysis of data retrieved from an electronic health‐records database on 3300 patients with chronic skin wounds was conducted from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018. The patients had been admitted to the medical and surgical wards of 17 third‐grade class‐A hospitals in China. The study's aim was to compare the characteristics (eg, demographic and clinical) associated with different causes and distributions of patients' chronic wounds. Among the 3300 patients, 66.03% were males and 33.97% were females. The mean age was 57 years and the increasing prevalence of chronic skin wounds with aging was quite high. The primary causes of chronic wounds were diabetes or infection, followed by pressure ulcers, trauma, and iatrogenic wounds. The distribution of skin wounds was mainly in the lower extremities (56.1%), followed by the trunk (18.6%). The mean duration of hospital stay was 29 days and the mean recurrence was 3 months. Chronic skin wounds were related to occupation, educational level, lifestyle habits, and income. The main cause of chronic skin wounds has shifted from trauma to chronic disease. Normalization checks, bacterial cultures, and antibiotic use in China need to be standardized and the training of wound specialists should be further strengthened. The association of aging and wound infection was significant. Preventive management and efficient treatment should correspond to the needs of the different regions of China. These results may serve as a reference for other developing countries in their transitional development.
Pigment epithelium‐derived factor attenuates angiogenesis and collagen deposition in hypertrophic scars
Authors: Ma Da , Chen Lin , Shi Junhe , Zhao Yan , Vasani Shruti , Chen Kevin , Romana‐Souza Bruna , Henkin Jack , DiPietro Luisa A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractScar forming wounds are often characterized by higher levels of vascularity than non‐scarring wounds and normal skin, and inhibition of angiogenesis has been shown to inhibit scar formation in some model systems. The rabbit ear hypertrophic scar (HS) model has been widely used to study the mechanisms that underlie the development of HS as well as the effectiveness of various treatments. Although the rabbit ear HS model is well characterized in terms of scar formation, the rate and level of angiogenesis has not been investigated in this model, and the cause‐effect relationship between angiogenesis and rabbit HSs has not been examined. In the current study, full‐thickness excisional wounds were created on the ventral side of New Zealand White rabbit ears to induce HS formation, and the dynamic pattern of angiogenesis and the expression of angiogenic regulatory factors were examined over time. Blood vessel density was found to peak at 2.7% on day 14 post‐wounding, decreasing to 1.7% by day 28. mRNA levels of the proangiogenic factor VEGF‐A peaked at day 14, while the expression of the antiangiogenic factors pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF) and thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) peaked at day 28 post‐wounding. To examine whether inhibition of angiogenesis influences HS formation in this model, wounds were treated with exogenous soluble antiangiogenic agents including recombinant PEDF (rPEDF) and a functional PEDF peptide (PEDF‐335). rPEDF and PEDF‐335 were administered intradermally from day 4 post‐wounding every 3 days until day 19. Intradermal injection of rPEDF or PEDF‐335 both led to decreased angiogenesis and decreased collagen deposition at the wound site. The results support the utility of antiangiogenic therapies, including rPEDF/PEDF‐335, as a potential new strategy for the prevention or treatment of HSs.
City sanitation and socioeconomics predict rat zoonotic infection across diverse neighbourhoods
Authors: Murray Maureen H. , Fidino Mason , Fyffe Rebecca , Byers Kaylee A. , Pettengill James B. , Sondgeroth Kerry S. , Killion Halcyon , Magle Seth B. , Rios Maria Jazmin , Ortinau Nora , Santymire Rachel M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRat‐associated zoonoses transmitted through faeces or urine are of particular concern for public health because environmental exposure in homes and businesses may be frequent and undetected. To identify times and locations with greater public health risks from rats, we investigated whether rat characteristics, environmental features, socioeconomic factors, or season could predict rat infection risk across diverse urban neighbourhoods. In partnership with a pest management company, we sampled rats in 13 community areas along an income gradient in Chicago, a large city where concern about rats has increased in recent years. We collected kidneys for Leptospira spp. testing and colon contents for aerobic bacteria such as Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. Of 202 sampled rats, 5% carried Leptospira spp. and 22% carried E. coli. Rats were significantly more likely to carry Leptospira spp. on blocks with more standing water complaints in higher‐income neighbourhoods (OR = 6.74, 95% CI: 1.54–29.39). Rats were significantly more likely to carry E. coli on blocks with more food vendors (OR = 9.94, 2.27–43.50) particularly in low‐income neighbourhoods (OR = 0.26, 0.09–0.82) and in the spring (OR = 15.96, 2.90–88.62). We detected a high diversity of E. coli serovars but none contained major virulence factors. These associations between environmental features related to sanitation and infection risk in rats support transmission through water for Leptospira spp. and faecal–oral transmission for E. coli. We also found opposing relationships between zoonotic infection risk and income for these two pathogens. Thus, our results highlight the importance of sanitation for predicting zoonotic disease risks and including diverse urban areas in pathogen surveillance to mitigate public health risks from rats.
OCT changes in peri-tumour normal retina following ruthenium-106 and proton
beam radiotherapy for uveal melanoma
Authors: Hussain Rumana , Heussen Florian Moritz , Heimann Heinrich 
Published: June 2020

Introduction
Uveal melanoma is most commonly treated with radiotherapy, destroying the
tumour cells with adequate safety margins and limiting collateral damage to
surrounding structures to preserve maximal vision. We used optical coherence
tomography (OCT) to study the effects of radiotherapy on the retina.

Methods
Patients with posteriorly located choroidal melanoma treated with proton
beam radiotherapy (PBR) and ruthenium-106 brachytherapy between January 2010
and June 2014 underwent spectral domain OCT.

Results
Images of 32 patients following ruthenium-106 brachytherapy and 44
patients following proton beam teletherapy were analysed. Following plaque
brachytherapy, an early marked disruption of the outer retinal layers could be
observed in 30 cases (94%) with retinal atrophy evident in 26 cases (81%). In
contrast, the images from patients who underwent PBR showed subtle outer
retinal layer change with 16 cases (36%) showing some inner-outer segment
junction disruption by 6 months and 63% by 24 months with minimal atrophy. In
cases with tumours <2 mm from the fovea, the visual loss was significantly
less at 6 and 12 months in the proton beam group.

Conclusion
In comparison to ruthenium-106 plaque brachytherapy, PBR leads to more
subtle and slower changes in the outer retinal layers enabling retention of
visual function for longer. The difference in dosing regime and dose
distribution across the tumour is likely to be causative for this structural
differential.
Effect of baseline test selection on glaucoma progression detection by optical coherence tomography-guided progression analysis
Authors: Kang Dong Hyun , Hwang Young Hoon 
Published: June 2020

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of baseline test selection on progression detection of circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) in glaucomatous eyes by optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided progression analysis (GPA).MethodsA total of 53 eyes with either RNFL or GCIPL progression determined using OCT-GPA were included. Three different baseline conditions were created by dividing eight serial OCT tests from each eye into three sets. Specifically, these sets presented baseline tests at exams 1–2 (1st set), 2–3 (2nd set) and 3–4 (3rd set), respectively. Agreement on progression detection was defined as the presence of ‘Possible Loss’ or ‘Likely Loss’ in the 2nd or 3rd sets at the same location in the 1st set.ResultsThe proportion of eyes with agreement on progression detection was 47.1%, 20.0% and 31.0% for RNFL ‘thickness map progression’, ‘thickness profiles progression’ and ‘average thickness progression’, respectively. In GCIPL ‘thickness map progression’ and ‘average thickness progression’, 53.8% and 62.8% of eyes showed agreement, respectively. Eyes with disagreement showed a greater change in thickness (slope of change in the 3rd set−1st set) compared to the eyes with agreement (p<0.05), with the exception of RNFL ‘thickness profiles progression’ (p=0.064).ConclusionGlaucoma progression detection by OCT-GPA was affected by baseline test selection, especially in eyes with a greater reduction in progression. GCIPL thickness was less influenced by baseline test selection compared to RNFL thickness.
Epidemiology of injury and illness in 153 Australian international-level rowers over eight international seasons
Authors: Trease Larissa , Wilkie Kellie , Lovell Greg , Drew Michael , Hooper Ivan 
Published: June 2020

AimTo report the epidemiology of injury and illness in elite rowers over eight seasons (two Olympiads).MethodsAll athletes selected to the Australian Rowing Team between 2009 and 2016 were monitored prospectively under surveillance for injury and illness. The incidence and burden of injury and illness were calculated per 1000 athlete days (ADs). The body area, mechanism and type of all injuries were recorded and followed until the resumption of full training. We used interrupted time series analyses to examine the association between fixed and dynamic ergometer testing on rowers’ injury rates. Time lost from illness was also recorded.ResultsAll 153 rowers selected over eight seasons were observed for 48 611 AD. 270 injuries occurred with an incidence of 4.1–6.4 injuries per 1000 AD. Training days lost totalled 4522 (9.2% AD). The most frequent area injured was the lumbar region (84 cases, 1.7% AD) but the greatest burden was from chest wall injuries (64 cases, 2.6% AD.) Overuse injuries (n=224, 83%) were more frequent than acute injuries (n=42, 15%). The most common activity at the time of injury was on-water rowing training (n=191, 68). Female rowers were at 1.4 times the relative risk of chest wall injuries than male rowers; they had half the relative risk of lumbar injuries of male rowers. The implementation of a dynamic ergometers testing policy (Concept II on sliders) was positively associated with a lower incidence and burden of low back injury compared with fixed ergometers (Concept II). Illness accounted for the greatest number of case presentations (128, 32.2% cases, 1.2% AD).ConclusionsChest wall and lumbar injuries caused training time loss. Policy decisions regarding ergometer testing modality were associated with lumbar injury rates. As in many sports, illness burden has been under-recognised in elite Australian rowers.
Association of attrition with mortality: findings from 11 waves over three decades of the Whitehall II study
Authors: Akasaki Mifuyu , Kivimäki Mika , Steptoe Andrew , Nicholas Owen , Shipley Martin J 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundAttrition, the loss of participants as a study progresses, is a considerable challenge in longitudinal studies. This study examined whether two forms of attrition, ‘withdrawal’ (formal discontinued participation) and ‘non-response’ (non-response among participants continuing in the study), have different associations with mortality and whether these associations differed across time in a multi-wave longitudinal study.MethodsParticipants were 10 012 civil servants who participated at the baseline of the Whitehall II cohort study with 11 data waves over an average follow-up of 28 years. We performed competing-risks analyses to estimate sub-distribution HRs and 95% CIs, and likelihood ratio tests to examine whether hazards differed between the two forms of attrition. We then applied linear regression to examine any trend of hazards against time.ResultsAttrition rate at data collections ranged between 13% and 34%. There were 495 deaths recorded from cardiovascular disease and 1367 deaths from other causes. Study participants lost due to attrition had 1.55 (95% CI 1.26 to 1.89) and 1.56 (1.39 to 1.76) times higher hazard of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality than responders, respectively. Hazards for withdrawal and non-response did not differ for either cardiovascular (p value =0.28) or non-cardiovascular mortality (p value =0.38). There was no linear trend in hazards over the 11 waves (cardiovascular mortality p value =0.11, non-cardiovascular mortality p value =0.61).ConclusionAttrition can be a problem in longitudinal studies resulting in selection bias. Researchers should examine the possibility of selection bias and consider applying statistical approaches that minimise this bias.