bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypeprolactinemia: still an insidious diagnosis
Authors: Aliberti Ludovica , Gagliardi Irene , Dorizzi Romolo M. , Pizzicotti Stefano , Bondanelli Marta , Zatelli Maria Chiara , Ambrosio Maria Rosaria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHyperprolactinemia can have different causes: physiological, pharmacological, and pathological. When investigating the etiology of hyperprolactinemia, clinicians need to be aware of several conditions leading to misdiagnosis. The most popular pitfalls are: acute physical and psychological stress, macroprolactin, hook effect, even though antibodies interferences and biotine use have to be considered. A 52-year-old woman was referred to Endocrinology clinic for oligomenorrhoea and headache. She worked as a butcher. Hormonal evaluation showed very high PRL (305 ng/ml, reference interval: <24 ng/ml) measured with the ECLIA immunoassay analyzer Elecsys 170. The patient’s pituitary MRI was normal and macroprolactin was normal. Hormonal workup showed LH: 71.5 mU/ml (2–10.9 mU/ml), FSH: 111.4 mU/ml (3.9–8.8 mU/ml), Estradiol: 110.7 pg/mL (27–122 pg/ml). Since an interference was suspected, the sample was sent to another laboratory using a different assay. After antibody blocking tubes treatment (Heterophilic Blocking Tube, Scantibodies) PRL was 28.8 ng/ml (reference interval < 29.2 ng/ml). Analytical interference should be suspected when assay results are not consistent with the clinical picture. Endogenous antibodies (EA) include heterophile, human anti-animal, autoimmune and other nonspecific antibodies, and rheumatoid factors, that have structural similarities and can cross-react with the antibodies employed by the immunoassay, causing hyperprolactinemia misdiagnosis. The patient’s job (butcher), led us to suspect the presence of anti-animal antibodies. Clinicians should also carefully investigate the use of supplements. Biotin can falsely increase hormone concentration in competitive assays. Many clinicians are still not informed about these pitfalls that are not mentioned in some recent reviews on PRL measurement.
Domino-liver transplantation: toward a safer and simpler technique in both donor and recipient
Authors: Lerut Jan , Foguenne Maxime , Lai Quirino , de Ville de Goyet Jean 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDomino-liver transplantation represents a rare chance to expand the donor liver pool. Fear of putting both donor and recipient at disadvantage has meant that the procedure has not been applied universally. A modification of the original technique which allows both safe procurement of the graft as well as safe implantation of the reconstructed graft in the domino-graft recipient using a 180° rotated, adequately trimmed, free iliaco-caval venous graft is described in detail.
A Wake-Up Call: Equity, Inequality and Covid-19 Emergency Remote Teaching and Learning
Authors: Czerniewicz Laura , Agherdien Najma , Badenhorst Johan , Belluigi Dina , Chambers Tracey , Chili Muntuwenkosi , de Villiers Magriet , Felix Alan , Gachago Daniela , Gokhale Craig , Ivala Eunice , Kramm Neil , Madiba Matete , Mistri Gitanjali , Mgqwashu Emmanuel , Pallitt Nicola , Prinsloo Paul , Solomon Kelly , Strydom Sonja , Swanepoel Mike , Waghid Faiq , Wissing Gerrit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProduced from experiences at the outset of the intense times when Covid-19 lockdown restrictions began in March 2020, this collaborative paper offers the collective reflections and analysis of a group of teaching and learning and Higher Education (HE) scholars from a diverse 15 of the 26 South African public universities. In the form of a theorised narrative insistent on foregrounding personal voices, it presents a snapshot of the pandemic addressing the following question: what does the ‘pivot online’ to Emergency Remote Teaching and Learning (ERTL), forced into urgent existence by the Covid-19 pandemic, mean for equity considerations in teaching and learning in HE? Drawing on the work of Therborn (2009: 20–32; 2012: 579–589; 2013; 2020) the reflections consider the forms of inequality - vital, resource and existential - exposed in higher education. Drawing on the work of Tronto (1993; 2015; White and Tronto 2004) the paper shows the networks of care which were formed as a counter to the systemic failures of the sector at the onset of the pandemic.
Evaluation of pure rapeseed oil as a renewable fuel for agricultural machinery based on emission characteristics and long-term operation behaviour of a fleet of 18 tractors
Authors: Ettl Johannes , Bernhardt Heinz , Huber Georg , Thuneke Klaus , Remmele Edgar , Emberger Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe usage of locally produced pure rapeseed oil fuel (R100) according to fuel standard DIN 51605 in agricultural machinery can contribute to protecting the climate, water, and soil. Besides economic aspects, uncertainties concerning the long-term operation reliability and limited exhaust emissions of R100-operated agricultural machinery are hindering market entry. Thus, the aim of this research is to evaluate field experiences, such as downtimes and repairs, engine oil quality, and cold start behaviour, over a total period of more than 50,000 operation hours with 18 tractors. The tested tractors range from European Union exhaust gas stages I to IV and were configured for the use of R100. Additionally, performance, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter were measured on a tractor test stand. The tractors demonstrated their full functionality under usual Bavarian farm conditions in daily use. Within the tractor fleet, no serious engine damage was observed, while minor malfunctions and necessary repairs occurred just occasionally. The operational reliability of the tested rapeseed-oil-fuelled tractors seemed to be comparable to that of diesel-fuelled tractors. The results of recurrent power and fuel consumption measurements gave no indication of engine deterioration. Furthermore, measurements proved that differences in exhaust gas emissions between R100 and diesel operation were marginal. Tractor models with exhaust gas after treatment systems were characterized by low emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter in particular. With the 18 tractors running on R100, about 220 tonnes of CO2eq per year were saved on average from 2015 to 2017. It can be concluded that the usage of pure rapeseed oil fuel (R100) in compatible agricultural machinery is an implementable alternative to diesel fuel and can make an important contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture. Nevertheless, there are some challenges to solve, particularly for modern agricultural machines with engines with exhaust gas aftertreatment systems.
Prevalence of acute appendicitis among patient admitted for acute abdomen in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Obsa Mohammed Suleiman , Adema Bulcha Guye , Shanka Getahun Mola , Lake Eyasu Alem , Azeze Gedion Asnake , Fite Robera Olana 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Acute abdomen is an acute onset of abdominal disease entities that require immediate surgical intervention. It is one of the commonest surgical emergencies encountered both in developed and developing nations. This systemic review and meta-analysis was aimed at determining the pooled prevalence of acute appendicitis among acute abdomen patients in Ethiopia.

Materials and methods:
PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), AJOL, Web of Science, Mednar, and Chocrane library were searched. The data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and analyzed by using STATA version 14. Publication bias was checked by funnel plot and more objectively through Egger's regression test, with P > 0.05 considered to indicate absence publication bias. Heterogeneity of studies was checked using the I2 test. Pooled analysis was conducted. Subgroup analysis was done by region. Leave out one sensitivity analysis was employed to see the effect of single study on the overall estimation. STATA version 14 statistical software was used for meta-analysis.

Results:
The overall prevalence of acute appendicitis was 44.272% (95% CI: 38.366, 50.18.503; I2 = 93.9%). Based on the subgroup analysis, the prevalence of acute appendicitis was 53.2% in Tigrai, 46.54% in Oromia, 44.26% in SNNPR, 41.30% in Addis Ababa, and 36.81% in Amhara.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of acute appendicitis among acute abdomen patients is high. Therefore, close monitoring of the patient prognosis and appropriate prevention techniques is essential.

Highlights:
Gore‐Tex implant extrusion following revision medialization thyroplasty: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Frost Ariel , Mirza Natasha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo review current literature and experience with Gore‐TexⓇ implant extrusion following medialization thyroplasty, as well as to report the unique case of Gore‐TexⓇ implant extrusion following revision medialization thyroplasty.MethodsReview of existing literature and description of personal experience with unique case of Gore‐TexⓇ implant extrusion following revision medialization thyroplasty.ResultsReview of existing literature found no prior reported cases of Gore‐TexⓇ implant extrusion following revision medialization thyroplasty. Risk factors for implant extrusion include the pressure of the implant on insertion and the inability to secure the implant. Cases of implant extrusion can be managed operatively via an endoscopic or via an external open approach.ConclusionThis is the first reported case of Gore‐TexⓇ implant extrusion following revision medialization thyroplasty. Careful consideration should be given in revision medialization thyroplasty as additional implant material may cause increased pressure, a risk factor for implant extrusion.
Finding tight Hamilton cycles in random hypergraphs faster
Authors: Allen Peter , Koch Christoph , Parczyk Olaf , Person Yury 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn an r-uniform hypergraph on n vertices, a tight Hamilton cycle consists of n edges such that there exists a cyclic ordering of the vertices where the edges correspond to consecutive segments of r vertices. We provide a first deterministic polynomial-time algorithm, which finds a.a.s. tight Hamilton cycles in random r-uniform hypergraphs with edge probability at least C log3n/n.Our result partially answers a question of Dudek and Frieze, who proved that tight Hamilton cycles exist already for p = ω(1/n) for r = 3 and p = (e + o(1))/n for $r \ge 4$ using a second moment argument. Moreover our algorithm is superior to previous results of Allen, Böttcher, Kohayakawa and Person, and Nenadov and Škorić, in various ways: the algorithm of Allen et al. is a randomized polynomial-time algorithm working for edge probabilities $p \ge {n^{ - 1 + \varepsilon}}$, while the algorithm of Nenadov and Škorić is a randomized quasipolynomial-time algorithm working for edge probabilities $p \ge C\mathop {\log }\nolimits^8 n/n$.
40Ar/39Ar Thermochronology for Submilligram Samples Using a Ta Platform Microfurnace, With Illustrations From the Bushveld Complex
Authors: Setera Jacob B. , Turrin Brent D. , Herzog Gregory F. , VanTongeren Jill A. , Delaney Jeremy S. , Swisher Carl C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present a method for40Ar/39Ar step‐heating measurements on anhydrous K‐bearing minerals. Samples placed in dimples on Ta foil platforms are heated indirectly with a laser while temperatures are measured with a two‐color pyrometer. The system provides a simple, inexpensive, and reliable means for the heating of samples as small as a few to tens of micrograms. Results for plagioclase separates from the Rustenburg Layered Suite of the circa 2.06 Ga Bushveld Complex closely match previously published data.
Simultaneous Observations of Geoelectric and Geomagnetic Fields Produced by Magnetospheric ULF Waves
Authors: Hartinger M. D. , Shi X. , Lucas G. M. , Murphy B. S. , Kelbert A. , Baker J. B. H. , Rigler E. J. , Bedrosian P. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGeomagnetic perturbations (BGEO) related to magnetospheric ultralow frequency (ULF) waves induce electric fields within the conductive Earth—geoelectric fields (EGEO)—that in turn drive geomagnetically induced currents. Though numerous past studies have examined ULF wave BGEO from a space weather perspective, few studies have linked ULF waves with EGEO. Using recently available magnetotelluric impedance and EGEO measurements in the contiguous United States, we explore the relationship between ULF waves and EGEO. We use satellite, ground‐based radar, BGEO, and EGEO measurements in a case study of a plasmaspheric virtual resonance (PVR), demonstrating that the PVR EGEO has significant spatial variation in contrast to a relatively uniform BGEO, consistent with spatially varying Earth conductivity. We further show ULF wave EGEO measurements during two moderate storms of ∼1 V/km. We use both results to highlight the need for more research characterizing ULF wave EGEO.
Seasonality of Dissolved Organic Carbon Exchange Across the Strait of Gibraltar
Authors: Álvarez‐Salgado X. A. , Otero J. , Flecha S. , Huertas I. E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExchange of mass, heat, and solutes across the Strait of Gibraltar is fundamental to understand the circulation and biogeochemistry of the Mediterranean. Here we focus on the exchange of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) using data from 12 surveys conducted between 2008 and 2015. DOC exchange exhibits a marked bimodal distribution with minima in late June and late October and maxima in mid‐April and late August. This pattern is mainly due to seasonal variation of the DOC gradient between the Atlantic Surface Water entering the Mediterranean and the deep opposite flow of Mediterranean Overflow Water. The gradient is controlled by the different seasonal cycles followed by the DOC in the two layers. Annual average DOC import from the Atlantic is equivalent to 4.2 ± 1.5 Tg C yr−1, which represents 53% of the external DOC inputs and contributes to support 32% of the net heterotrophy of the Mediterranean.
Applying a Deep Learning Algorithm to Tsunami Inundation Database of Megathrust Earthquakes
Authors: Mulia Iyan E. , Gusman Aditya Riadi , Satake Kenji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe explore recent developments in computer science on deep learning to estimate high‐resolution tsunami inundation from a quick low‐resolution computation result. Deep network architecture is capable of storing large information acquired via a training/learning process by pairing low‐ and high‐resolution deterministic simulation results from precalculated hypothetical scenarios. In a real case, with a real‐time source estimate and linear simulation computed on a relatively low‐grid resolution, optimized network parameters can be used to rapidly and accurately transform low‐resolution simulation outputs to higher‐resolution grids. We generate 532 source scenarios of interplate earthquakes (Mw 8–9) along the Japan Trench subduction zone to simulate tsunamis and utilize a precalculated library for deep learning. To test the proposed method, we consider a realistic source model inferred from static ground displacements and offshore tsunami data presumably available in real‐time and compare forecasted inundation heights against observations in Rikuzentakata and Otsuchi cities associated with the 2011 Tohoku‐oki tsunami. Our results show that the proposed method exhibits comparable accuracy to the conventional physics‐based simulation but achieves approximately 90% reduction of real‐time computational efforts. Thus, it has good potential as a future tsunami forecasting algorithm.
The Performance of CMIP6 Versus CMIP5 in Simulating Temperature Extremes Over the Global Land Surface
Authors: Fan Xuewei , Miao Chiyuan , Duan Qingyun , Shen Chenwei , Wu Yi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSimulations from the models participating in the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), which represent the most recent generation of climate models, are now available. Understanding the performance of these models in simulating historical climate extremes can provide a basis for producing reliable future climate projections. Here, we assess the simulation of 16 indices of temperature extremes defined by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices using results from 24 CMIP6 models as compared with results from CMIP5. Comparisons with observations and reanalyses indicate that the CMIP6 models could capture the spatial patterns and temporal variations of the observed temperature extremes well for some indices, although less well for others. Based on spatial and temporal skill scores, CMIP6 ensemble means were more skillful in simulating absolute and threshold indices of extreme temperature than CMIP5 ensemble means were, but the performances of both the CMIP5 and CMIP6 ensemble means in simulating the spatial patterns for duration and percentile indices were relatively unsatisfactory (spatial skill scores S < 0.3). Furthermore, our results suggest that there have been improvements in spatial pattern skill scores in some individual CMIP6 models relative to CMIP5 model scores for summer days, tropical nights, cold spell duration, and diurnal temperature range.
Managing Financial Risk Trade‐Offs for Hydropower Generation Using Snowpack‐Based Index Contracts
Authors: Hamilton Andrew L. , Characklis Gregory W. , Reed Patrick M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHydrologic variability poses an important source of financial risk for hydropower‐reliant electric utilities, particularly in snow‐dominated regions. Drought‐related reductions in hydropower production can lead to decreased electricity sales or increased procurement costs to meet firm contractual obligations. This research contributes a methodology for characterizing the trade‐offs between cash flows and debt burden for alternative financial risk management portfolios, and applies it to a hydropower producer in the Sierra Nevada mountains (San Francisco Public Utilities Commission). A newly designed financial contract, based on a snow water equivalent depth (SWE) index, provides payouts to hydropower producers in dry years in return for the producers making payments in wet years. This contract, called a capped contract for differences (CFD), is found to significantly reduce cash flow volatility and is considered within a broader risk management portfolio that also includes reserve funds and debt issuance. Our results show that solutions relying primarily on a reserve fund can manage risk at low cost but may require a utility to take on significant debt during severe droughts. More risk‐averse utilities with less access to debt should combine a reserve fund with the proposed CFD instrument in order to better manage the financial losses associated with extreme droughts. Our results show that the optimal risk management strategies and resulting outcomes are strongly influenced by the utility's fixed cost burden and by CFD pricing, while interest rates are found to be less important. These results are broadly transferable to hydropower systems in snow‐dominated regions facing significant revenue volatility.
Measuring Fracture Flow Changes in a Bedrock Aquifer Due to Open Hole and Pumped Conditions Using Active Distributed Temperature Sensing
Authors: Munn J. D. , Maldaner C. H. , Coleman T. I. , Parker B. L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEfficiently measuring groundwater flow in bedrock aquifers is inherently challenging due to the irregular distribution and fine scale of fractures. Recent advances in Active Distributed Temperature Sensing (A‐DTS) in boreholes temporarily sealed with liners have made it possible to quantify flow rates in such aquifers at many different depths using heat as a tracer, but until now only data collected under a single hydraulic condition have been published. This paper presents the first field data from multiple A‐DTS field tests conducted under different hydraulic conditions to quantify groundwater flow redistribution within a bedrock aquifer. Three separate quasi steady state A‐DTS tests were collected in a sealed borehole: (1) natural gradient condition where all boreholes were sealed with flexible and impermeable liners, (2) cross‐connected condition where a nearby borehole was open allowing vertical flow within the borehole, and (3) forced gradient condition where the nearby open borehole was pumped at a constant rate of 54 L/min. The depth‐discrete hydraulic head responses were also measured during the three tests using a string of transducers in a sealed borehole. Results provide quantifiable insights as to how the bedrock aquifer responds, including A‐DTS‐derived measurements of flow changes in fractures at multiple depths driven by changes in gradients. The results confirm that a single open borehole or long‐screened well can significantly alter the site hydraulics and demonstrate that not all large or transmissive fractures show evidence of active flow and thus, transmissivity and aperture should not be used alone to infer active flow zones.
Comments on “Bayesian Update and Method of Distributions: Application to Leak Detection in Transmission Mains” by Alawadhi and Tartakovsky
Authors: Wang Xun , Che Tong‐Chuan , Ghidaoui Mohamed S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn a recent paper (Alawadhi & Tartakovsky, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025879), Alawadhi and Tartakovsky proposed an interesting, novel, efficient, and potentially powerful Bayesian‐based approach to cope with the uncertainty in initial flow velocity when using transient waves to detect leaks in pressurized pipes. In this discussion, we illustrate that the uncertainty in initial flow velocity has negligible effect on the accuracy of transient‐based leak detection methods. On the other hand, uncertainties in the wave speed have significant effects on the leak detection accuracy. Unfortunately, it appears that the proposed approach cannot be easily, if at all, extended to deal with uncertainties in wave speed and one may have to resort to classical Bayesian approaches which could be computationally intensive.
Light-modulated vertical heterojunction phototransistors with distinct logical photocurrents
Authors: Han Jiayue , He Meiyu , Yang Ming , Han Qi , Wang Fang , Zhong Fang , Xu Mengjian , Li Qing , Zhu He , Shan Chongxin , Hu Weida , Chen Xiaoqing , Wang Xinran , Gou Jun , Wu Zhiming , Wang Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe intriguing carrier dynamics in graphene heterojunctions have stimulated great interest in modulating the optoelectronic features to realize high-performance photodetectors. However, for most phototransistors, the photoresponse characteristics are modulated with an electrical gate or a static field. In this paper, we demonstrate a graphene/C60/pentacene vertical phototransistor to tune both the photoresponse time and photocurrent based on light modulation. By exploiting the power-dependent multiple states of the photocurrent, remarkable logical photocurrent switching under infrared light modulation occurs in a thick C60 layer (11 nm) device, which implies competition of the photogenerated carriers between graphene/C60 and C60/pentacene. Meanwhile, we observe a complete positive-negative alternating process under continuous 405 nm irradiation. Furthermore, infrared light modulation of a thin C60 (5 nm) device results in a photoresponsivity improvement from 3425 A/W up to 7673 A/W, and we clearly probe the primary reason for the distinct modulation results between the 5 and 11 nm C60 devices. In addition, the tuneable bandwidth of the infrared response from 10 to 3 × 103 Hz under visible light modulation is explored. Such distinct types of optical modulation phenomena and logical photocurrent inversion characteristics pave the way for future tuneable logical photocurrent switching devices and high-performance phototransistors with vertical graphene heterojunction structures.