bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’immatériel, la richesse et le revenu d’existence
Authors: Gorz André 
Published: January 2020

Dans cette deuxième livraison de la rubrique « Gorzienne », nous poursuivons la publication de textes inédits d’André Gorz avec cette fois-ci une contribution particulièrement importante. Il s’agit d’une suite donnée à L’immatériel, son dernier ouvrage théorique publié de son vivant, en 2003. Gorz approfondit sa pensée pendant l’année qui suit sa sortie. L’édition en allemand de 2004, qu’il dit avoir réécrite pour « un bon tiers », en porte les marques. Conçue comme une préparation à une éventuelle seconde édition en français, la libre retranscription par Gorz lui-même des pages inédites ou remaniées de l’édition en allemand – manuscrit dont nous extrayons des développements essentiels – offre un aperçu limpide de l’effort que l’auteur entreprend pour asseoir les concepts qui explicitent le fond clair-obscur de l’économie de la connaissance contemporaine. Et c’est à nouveaux frais que Gorz revient sur le principe du revenu d’existence, dont il s’emploie cette fois-ci à tracer les limites.
Occuper des espaces par le droit
Authors: Bismuth Régis 
Published: January 2020

Le droit s’est avéré être un utile relais, complément ou alternative à l’action militaire. Certains conflits ne se pensent désormais plus en termes d’espaces géographiques à conquérir ou à défendre, mais davantage dans une logique spatiale de régulation des conduites. Une des illustrations les plus frappantes de cette « guerre par le droit » est sans conteste la stratégie de sanctions économiques des États-Unis à l’égard de certains États ennemis ou dans le cadre de la lutte contre le terrorisme. C’est par une extraterritorialité juridique souvent contestable et fondée sur la puissance de leur marché, qu’ils ont réussi à discipliner toute une série d’acteurs économiques afin d’exporter leur politique étrangère. Il s’est ainsi avéré que les espaces juridiques prennent appui sur des espaces économiques qui ne coïncident plus nécessairement avec le territoire de l’État.
Les pompiers dans les combats pour la libération de Paris
Authors: Sapaut Didier 
Published: January 2020

Le régiment des sapeurs-pompiers de Paris a pris une part déterminante dans la libération de la capitale. Le rôle de ses hommes a été double : poursuivre leur mission de lutte contre les incendies et les effets des bombardements ainsi que de secours à victimes, et participer de façon active à l’insurrection et à de nombreuses actions de résistance qui avaient été préparées des semaines à l’avance par un groupe d’officiers, sous-officiers et sapeurs regroupés dans un réseau de résistance spécifique au régiment.
Georges Canguilhem : les traces du métier
Authors: Bianco Giuseppe 
Published: January 2020

Le renouveau des études sur Canguilhem ces vingt dernières années est étroitement lié à la création d’un Fonds documentaire conservant ses archives à la bibliothèque du CAPHES ainsi qu’à la publication des Œuvres complètes . L’hétérogénéité de la production de Canguilhem pendant soixante ans de pratique de la philosophie peut gagner en intelligibilité si on l’aborde comme le résultat d’un métier, celui de philosophe, s’exerçant dans des contextes et des moments différents.
Unifier : Canguilhem et la norme philosophique
Authors: Roth Xavier 
Published: January 2020

On a pris l’habitude avec Foucault de présenter Canguilhem comme un philosophe « du savoir, de la rationalité et du concept », en raison d’une œuvre qu’on pensait « volontairement délimitée à un domaine particulier de l’histoire des sciences ». Pourtant, l’édition en cours de ses Œuvres complètes révèle que Canguilhem ne s’est jamais « véritablement » considéré comme historien des sciences. Lus de manière synoptique, ces écrits témoignent en effet d’une subordination de l’histoire des sciences à l’enseignement de la philosophie, dont l’objectif est de faire paraître l’unité de l’expérience comme la norme des normes.
El vaivén de los portátiles entre las aulas y el hogar: la perspectiva de las familias sobre la reforma educativa de la Escuela 2.0
Authors: Martorell Carme Bach , Aliagas Marin Cristina 
Published: January 2020

Este estudio describe la opinión de las familias sobre la entrada del portátil en la vida académica del estudiante de secundaria, a través del programa autonómico en Cataluña eduCAT1x1, vinculado a la Escuela 2.0, una reforma nacional de digitalización de las aulas. La visión de las familias complementa la investigación con una nueva mirada al impacto de las reformas educativas más allá de las aulas. El análisis de 16 entrevistas pone de manifiesto que si bien los padres consideran la tecnología beneficiosa para el futuro académico y laboral de sus hijos también sienten malestar por tener que gestionar los usos extraescolares que estos hacen del portátil, donde el ocio y la comunicación social compiten con la actividad académica. Algunas familias no se ven empoderadas por la reforma educativa del 1x1 y apelan a diversas razones: 1) la digitalización de las aulas se ha hecho de forma improvisada y rápida; 2) la introducción del portátil en la vida de sus hijos ha provocado cambios en las prácticas de estudio (y no todos los consideran positivos) y 3) la digitalización ha comportado una pérdida de control sobre la vida de sus hijos. El estudio sugiere la necesidad de coordinar las reformas educativas con las dinámicas familiares, ya que la mediación familiar es imprescindible para garantizar no solo el éxito de las innovaciones educativas sino también las transformaciones sociales que se persiguen.
FORMER LES ENSEIGNANT-E-S DU SECONDAIRE II À L'UNIVERSITÉ PLUS PARTICULIÈREMENT À FRIBOURG, EN SUISSE
Authors: Runtz-Christan Edmée 
Published: January 2020

Cet article donne à voir le rôle de l’université dans la formation des futur-e-s enseignant-e-s du secondaire à Fribourg, en Suisse, en mettant en évidence son interaction avec les écoles. L’organisation générale des études et leur évaluation y sont décrites. Une attention particulière est portée aux partenaires de cette formation universitaire dans les écoles -les enseignant-e-s formateurs-trices- en soulignant leurs rôles, leurs différentes postures et leur formation. L’importance de former des enseignant-e-s à l'université et par l’université est également mise en évidence par le volet recherche qu’implique toute formation académique. En effet, les études de terrain et leurs résultats contribuent à l’amélioration de la formation même des EF.
Impacto de la ecografía volumétrica portátil en el sondaje vesical por retención urinaria en una unidad de medicina interna
Authors: Guadarrama Ortega David , Díaz Díaz Raquel , Martín Hernández María Aránzazu , Peces Hernández María Teresa , Vallejo Paredes Jonatan , Chuvieco González Yolanda 
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Estimar el impacto que el uso de ecógrafo vesical tiene en los sondajes vesicales por sospecha de retención urinaria de una unidad de Medicina interna.Metodología: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivas, comparando la cohorte expuesta a la disponibilidad del ecógrafo vesical, con la no expuesta el año previo. Se analizan todos los registros en la Historia Clínica Electrónica (HCE) de sondajes vesicales permanentes de corta duración en pacientes adultos que ingresaron en la unidad de hospitalización de Medicina Interna del Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón (HUFA) durante los años 2015 y 2016. Se estima la frecuencia de retención urinaria como causa del sondaje después de la incorporación del dispositivo en la unidad y se compara con la frecuencia en sondajes durante el mismo periodo del año anterior en la misma unidad. Se estima el impacto que disponer de este dispositivo tiene en la frecuencia de retención urinaria como motivo del sondaje.Resultados: Se incluyen 134 sondajes en 113 pacientes, 62 en el grupo sin ecógrafo y 72 en el grupo con ecógrafo. La frecuencia de sondajes por retención se reduce del 47.5% al 21.4% después de introducir el ecógrafo en la unidad. Esto supone una reducción del 50% (RR ajustado= 0.48; IC95%:0.27-0.84, p=0.01) en la frecuencia de sondaje vesical por sospecha de retención urinaria.
Aim: To estimate the impact of the use of portable bladder volumetric ultrasound on bladder catheterization due to suspicion of urinary retention in an internal medicine unit.
Methodology: Study of retrospective cohorts, comparing the cohort exposed to the availability of bladder ultrasound, with the not exposed the previous year. All records in the Electronic Medical Record (EHR) of short-term permanent bladder catheters in adult patients admitted to the Internal Medicine hospitalization unit of the University Hospital Fundación Alcorcón (HUFA) during the years 2015 and 2016 were analyzed. The urinary retention frequency is estimated as the cause of the catheterization after the device has been incorporated into the unit and compared with the frequency of catheterization during the same period of the previous year in the same unit. It is estimated that the impact of having this device on the urinary retention frequency is the reason for the catheterization.
Results: 134 catheters are included in 113 patients, 62 in the group without ultrasound and 72 in the group with ultrasound. The frequency of catheterizations due to retention is reduced from 47.5% to 21.4% after introducing the ultrasound unit into the unit. This represents a 50% reduction (adjusted RR=0.48; CI95%:0.27-0.84, p=0.01) in the frequency of urinary catheterization for suspected urinary retention.
Effects of Lactic Acid Fermentation on the Retention of Β-Carotene Content in Orange Fleshed Sweet Potatoes
Authors: Oloo Benard O. , Shitandi A. A. , Mahungu S. , Malinga J. B. , Ogata Rose B. 
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to establish the effects of lactic fermentation on the levels of β-carotene in selected orange fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) varieties from Kenya. Furthermore,it sought to demonstrate fermentation as a potential process for making new products from sweet potato with enhanced nutraceutical attributes. The varieties (Zapallo, Nyathiodiewo and SPK004/06) were fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 1407 at 25 ± 2°C for 48 h and kept for 28 days to make lacto-pickles. During fermentation both analytical [pH, titratable acidity (TA), lactic acid (LA), starch, total sugar, reducing sugar (g/kg roots), texture (N/m2), β-carotene (mg/kg roots)] and sensory (texture, taste, flavour and after taste) attributes of sweet potato lacto-juice were evaluated. Process conditions were optimized by varying brine levels, with fermentation time. A UV-visible spectrophotometer was used to identify and quantify β-carotene. Any significant variations (p < 0.05) in analytical attributes between the fermented and unfermented samples (pH, LA, TA and β-carotene concentration) of lacto-pickles, prepared from the potato roots, were assessed. The study reported a final composition of 156.49mg/kg, 0.53mg/kg, 0.3N/m2, 1.3g/kg, 5.86g/kg, 0.5g/kg and 5.86g/kg for β-carotene, Ascorbic acid, texture; Starch, total sugars, LA and TA respectively, and a pH of 3.27. The fermented products were subjected to flavour profiling by a panel. The product sensory scores were 1.5 to 2.5 on a 5 point hedonic scale, ranging from dislike slightly to like much. The products with brine levels at 4 and 6% were most preferred. The retention of β-carotene was 93.97%. This demonstrated lactic acid fermentation as a better method for processing OFSP as the main nutritional attributes are retained. The final product was resistant to spoilage microorganisms after 28 days of fermentation. Further preservation could be obtained by addition of sodium metabisulphite. In conclusion, Lactic acid fermentation using L. plantarum is a novel method of producing Lacto pickles from Zapallo OFSP, with 93.97% β-carotene retention and adequate shelf life.
Impairment of Erythrocyte Deformability Observed in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Clustering Diabetic Complications
Authors: Arita Takeshi , Yokoyama Taku , Moriyama Shohei , Fukata Mitsuhiro , Irie Kei , Maruyama Toru , Fujino Takehiko , Akashi Koichi 
Published: January 2020

Aims: Hemorheologic and microvascular dysfunction are interdependent in type 2 diabetic patients. However, exact mechanisms explaining this interaction remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impairment of erythrocyte deformability under concurrent recording of electrocardiogram (ECG), since heart-rate-corrected QT interval (QTc interval) prolongation reflects autonomic and microvascular dysfunction in diabetic patients.
Methodology: The erythrocyte deformability was investigated on the day of digital ECG recording in diabetic (n = 215) and control (n = 88) groups of outpatients using specific filtration technique. Significant contributors to the erythrocyte deformability were analyzed by multivariate analysis. Results: Difference of mean erythrocyte deformability in the diabetic vs. control group did not reach the statistical significance, but the difference was significant in comparison of diabetic smokers vs. non-smokers and of diabetic patients with vs. without diabetic complications. Impaired diabetic erythrocyte deformability was dependent mostly on the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and negative correlation between QTc interval and the deformability was marginal.
Conclusions: Erythrocyte deformability was not necessarily impaired in diabetic patients under the intensive antidiabetic medication. However, this deformability was impaired in diabetic smokers and diabetic patients with clustering of complications. Future studies are required for hemorheologic and microvascular interaction leading to the impaired diabetic microcirculation.
Modelling Factors Affecting Lung Capacity
Authors: Maurice Wanyonyi 
Published: January 2020

This study aims to evaluate modelling factors affecting lung capacity using linear Regression model. The study employed multiple regression models which were used to fit the factors affecting lung capacity. The factors affect lung capacity includes the following; age, gender, smoking and height. The objectives of the study were; fitting regression model on factors affecting lung capacity, determining the relationship between age and height with lung capacity. The study aim also includes predicting the value of lung capacity using the fitted model.
The data used in this study was a secondary source which was obtained from Marin [1]. The dataset is publicly available on their website. The data had 725 observations. Since multiple linear regression model was employed in this study, the model was of the form;

Where;
Lung capacity is the dependent variable, are the coefficients (parameters) to be estimated,
Age and Height are the independent variables while is the random error component. The methods of parameter estimation discussed under this study include; maximum likelihood estimator and the least square estimator.
The data for this study were analyzed using SPSS and R software which are statistical software used for data analysis. From the analysis of variance table, a p-value of 0.00 was recorded which is less than alpha (alpha= 0.05). This implies that the overall model is significant.
From the model formulated, it was concluded that height and age greatly affect lung capacity. The model formulated can be used to predict the value of lung capacity provided the values of Age and Height are known. Also from the descriptive statistics, it is deduced that gender and smoking greatly affect lung capacity.
Development of a Sawdust Fluidized Bed Gasifier: Design and Fabrication
Authors: Akinyemi O. R. , Olaiya N. G. 
Published: January 2020

Aims: This research involves the development of a sawdust fired fluidized bed reactor for the production of synthetic gas for domestic cooking.
Study Design: A sawdust fired fluidized bed reactor using AutoCAD inventor.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure Ondo state Nigeria.
Methodology: The reactor consists of a hopper, rolled mild steel plate frame lined with clay which forms the frame, air distributor plate and five radially spaced tuyeres. The reactor is fed with pelletized sawdust, retain heat within it and maintain a temperature of 50⁰C at the external surface to minimize burns.
Results: Air was forced into the plenum, after which the air distributor plate evenly distributed jets of air in the bed resulting in complete and incomplete combustion. Combustible gas was produced after 30 minutes and used to boil water.
Conclusion: The sawdust fired fluidized bed reactor is recommended for domestic household use.
Amniotic Membrane Graft in Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigus: A More Conservative Approach
Authors: Chraibi Fouad 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To report more conservative management of ocular cicatricial pemphigus (OCP) lesions by performing an initial corneal partial amniotic membrane graft without disturbance of the inflamed conjunctiva.
Methods: A case report of a patient having a stage 3 OCP in his left eye with a corneal ulcer. He was managed by partial corneal amniotic membrane (AM) graft.
Results: The course was favorable with complete corneal ulcer healing and incidentally there was an important regression of associated ocular surface inflammatory signs with a less prominent inferior symblepharon strand.
Conclusion: We propose to manage newly diagnosed patients having advanced ocular cicatricial pemphigus disease with partial corneal amniotic membrane graft before performing radical adnexal surgery with prior immunosuppressive treatment.
Second Generation Nanoporous Silicon Nitride Membranes for High Toxin Clearance and Small Format Hemodialysis
Authors: Hill Kayli , Walker Samuel N. , Salminen Alec , Chung Hung L. , Li Xunzhi , Ezzat Bahie , Miller Joshua J. , DesOrmeaux Jon‐Paul S. , Zhang Jingkai , Hayden Andrew , Burgin Tucker , Piraino Lindsay , May Marina N. , Gaborski Thomas R. , Roussie James A. , Taylor Jeremy , DiVincenti Louis , Shestopalov Alexander A. , McGrath James L. , Johnson Dean G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConventional hemodialysis (HD) uses floor‐standing instruments and bulky dialysis cartridges containing ≈2 m2 of 10 micrometer thick, tortuous‐path membranes. Portable and wearable HD systems can improve outcomes for patients with end‐stage renal disease by facilitating more frequent, longer dialysis at home, providing more physiological toxin clearance. Developing devices with these benefits requires highly efficient membranes to clear clinically relevant toxins in small formats. Here, the ability of ultrathin (<100 nm) silicon‐nitride‐based membranes to reduce the membrane area required to clear toxins by orders of magnitude is shown. Advanced fabrication methods are introduced that produce nanoporous silicon nitride membranes (NPN‐O) that are two times stronger than the original nanoporous nitride materials (NPN) and feature pore sizes appropriate for middle‐weight serum toxin removal. Single‐pass benchtop studies with NPN‐O (1.4 mm2) demonstrate the extraordinary clearance potential of these membranes (105 mL min−1 m−2), and their intrinsic hemocompatibility. Results of benchtop studies with nanomembranes, and 4 h dialysis of uremic rats, indicate that NPN‐O can reduce the membrane area required for hemodialysis by two orders of magnitude, suggesting the performance and robustness needed to enable small‐format hemodialysis, a milestone in the development of small‐format hemodialysis systems.
Synthetic Polymers Provide a Robust Substrate for Functional Neuron Culture
Authors: Zhang Yichuan , Venkateswaran Seshasailam , Higuera Gustavo A. , Nath Suvra , Shpak Guy , Matray Jeffrey , Fratila‐Apachitei Lidy E. , Zadpoor Amir A. , Kushner Steven A. , Bradley Mark , De Zeeuw Chris I. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSubstrates for neuron culture and implantation are required to be both biocompatible and display surface compositions that support cell attachment, growth, differentiation, and neural activity. Laminin, a naturally occurring extracellular matrix protein is the most widely used substrate for neuron culture and fulfills some of these requirements, however, it is expensive, unstable (compared to synthetic materials), and prone to batch‐to‐batch variation. This study uses a high‐throughput polymer screening approach to identify synthetic polymers that supports the in vitro culture of primary mouse cerebellar neurons. This allows the identification of materials that enable primary cell attachment with high viability even under “serum‐free” conditions, with materials that support both primary cells and neural progenitor cell attachment with high levels of neuronal biomarker expression, while promoting progenitor cell maturation to neurons.
Distinguishing Specific CXCL12 Isoforms on Their Angiogenesis and Vascular Permeability Promoting Properties
Authors: Chang Chia‐Wen , Seibel Alex J. , Avendano Alex , Cortes‐Medina Marcos G. , Song Jonathan W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAngiogenesis is associated with increased vessel sprouting and permeability. Important mediators of these angiogenic responses include local environment of signaling molecules and supporting extracellular matrix (ECM). However, dissecting the interplay of these instructive signals in vivo with multiple cells and extracellular molecules remains a central challenge. Here, microfluidic biomimicry is integrated with 3D ECM hydrogels that are well‐characterized for molecular‐binding and mechanical properties to reconstitute vessel‐like analogues in vitro. This study focuses on three distinct isoforms of the pro‐metastatic chemokine CXCL12. In collagen‐only hydrogel, CXCL12‐α is the most potent isoform in promoting sprouting and permeability, followed by CXCL12‐β and CXCL12‐γ. Strikingly, addition of hyaluronan (HA), a large and negatively charged glycosaminoglycan, with collagen matrices selectively increases vessel sprouting and permeability conferred by CXCL12‐γ. This outcome is supported by the measured binding affinities to collagen/HA ECM, suggesting that negatively charged HA increases the binding of CXCL12‐γ to augment its angiogenic potency. Moreover, it is shown that addition of HA to collagen matrices on its own decreases vessel sprouting and permeability, and these responses are nullified by blocking the HA receptor CD44. Collectively, these results demonstrate that differences in binding to extracellular HA help underlie CXCL12 isoform‐specific responses toward directing angiogenesis.
On Supramolecular Self‐Assembly: Interview with Samuel Stupp
Authors: Stupp Samuel I. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRanging from 2D assemblies to peptide amphiphile‐based biomaterials, Prof. Samuel Stupp and his team have enriched the scientific community with many breakthroughs in the field of supramolecular self‐assembly. This Interview offers the unique possibility to share some highlights along his journey, providing also a glimpse to his vision of the future of supramolecular chemistry. Interdisciplinarity is an integral part of Prof. Stupp's research philosophy, and, using his own words, “it is the only way to understand the complex universe around us and help society along the way”. What a great guideline to us all!