bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxonomy needs pluralism, but a controlled and manageable one
Authors: MINELLI ALESSANDRO 
Published: January 2020

What we accept as the units to be classified is not just an expression of our current aims and practices but will also impact further classificatory research. The launch of Megataxa invites a dispassionate discussion about the units to be classified and the names associated to them. Specifically, we must address three challenges.—Challenge 1. Living with pluralism in biological classifications. Despite the enormous amount of ink spent on this issue, there is little hope of finding a species concept at the same time satisfactory from a theoretical point of view and reliable as a guide for taxonomic practice. This unavoidably causes a degree of pluralism in biological classification, as the taxonomic units generally described as species are not necessarily comparable. Also, different users of classification may have different expectations, better satisfied by alternative solutions rather than by a consensus classification. The obvious tension between these different expectations cannot be easily solved by authority or consensus, or simply hoping in the future availability of better criteria for species delimitation. - Challenge 2. Managing multiple classifications within one nomenclature system. Changing taxonomy is the source of ambiguity in the meaning of species names. As a consequence, Linnaean names may not be unique and universal labels for the taxa we recognize. The problem can be solved by specifying taxonomic concepts, i.e. by associating the names to the contexts in which these are used.—Challenge 3. Managing the nomenclature for provisionally circumscribed taxa. Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) do not correspond necessarily to conventional taxonomic species and no simple or universal rule exists to ‘translate’ MOTUs into Linnaean species. Provisionally recognized MOTUs do not get a Linnaean name, but are labelled with a formula, in too many cases following no acknowledged standard and thus becoming useless for communication purposes. Non-Linnaean names, or formulas, for provisionally circumscribed taxa cannot be rejected, but some international consensus is needed.
Quantifying Precipitation Efficiency and Drivers of Excessive Precipitation in Post-Landfall Hurricane Harvey
Authors: Brauer Noah S. , Basara Jeffrey B. , Homeyer Cameron R. , McFarquhar Greg M. , Kirstetter Pierre E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHurricane Harvey produced unprecedented widespread rainfall amounts over 1000 mm in portions of southeast Texas, including Houston, from 26 to 31 August 2017. The highly efficient and prolonged warm rain processes associated with Harvey played a key role in the catastrophic flooding that occurred throughout the region. Precipitation efficiency (PE) is widely referred to in the scientific literature when discussing excessive precipitation events that lead to catastrophic flash flooding, but has yet to be explored or quantified in tropical cyclones coincident with polarimetric radar observations. With the introduction of dual-polarization radar to the NEXRAD WSR-88D network, polarimetric radar variables such asZH,ZDR, andKDPcan be used to gain insight into the precipitation processes that contribute to enhanced PE. It was found that 6-h mean values ofZHbetween 35 and 45 dBZ,ZDRbetween 1 and 1.5 dB, andKDPgreater than 1° km−1were collocated with the regions of PE greater than 100% between 27 and 29 August. Additionally, supercell thunderstorms embedded in the outer bands of Harvey were identified via 3–6 km Multi-Radar Multi-Senor (MRMS) rotation tracks and were collocated with swaths of enhanced positiveZH,ZDR, andKDP. A polarimetric rainfall relationship estimates that 1-h mean rainfall rates in these supercells were as high as 85 mm h−1and made a significant contribution to the excessive precipitation event that occurred over the region.
Trustee, State and Stakeholder: Hindu Temple Management in Contemporary India, 1957–2012
Authors: Tanaka Tetsuya 
Published: January 2020

The literature on temple management in colonial and post-colonial India focusses on the dominant role of the trustees and the impact of state intervention. However, this article tries to grasp significance of the role of the stakeholders in the temple management as a bridge between the trustees and the state by analyzing the management history of the Rani Sati temple from 1957 to 2012. It will first explain the historical background of this temple and its managers, the Marwaris. The second section analyzes the form of the temple management from the 1950s to 1970s, and the judicial case against the traditional temple stakeholders, then chief priest and his family members. Because of the national controversy over sati in the late 1980s, public interest groups emerged as the new stakeholders of the temple. Third, this article clarifies the state’s intervention in the temple’s management according to the influence of new the stakeholders. By focussing on the role of the stakeholders, this article discloses how a state intervention can be initiated by the stakeholders and the possibility of transformation of the temple management. JEL: M14, K41, Z12
Effect of Rapid Maxillary Expansion on Mandibular Rotation—A Systematic Review
Authors: Chhutani Priyanka , Deshmukh Sonali , Jethe Sandeep , Agarkar Sanket , Yerawadekar Sujata , Rahalkar Jayesh 
Published: January 2020

Objective: To evaluate the effect of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on mandibular rotation. Materials and Method: A systematic review of articles selected from 4 electronic databases—PUBMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Clinical Trials Registry, and Google Scholar—was carried out. Additional studies were hand-searched and retrieved from the reference lists of relevant articles. Studies published till August, 2019, were included in this study. Results: A total of 28 articles were identified through electronic database searching. 16 articles were obtained after elimination of duplicates which were then screened. Full-text articles were assessed according to the eligibility criteria. 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 14 clinical trials (CTs) were identified for inclusion in the review. These studies effectively highlighted the effect of RME on mandibular rotation, primarily in the clockwise direction. Conclusion: There is a moderate sum of evidence to illustrate the effect of RME on mandibular rotation. It can be concluded that RME brings about clockwise rotation of the mandible, ie in downward and backward directions, thereby increasing the lower anterior facial height. This effect could be attributed to the vertical maxillary movement and the extrusion of the maxillary molars.
Supporting sustainable occupational lives for partner caregivers of people with dementia
Authors: Yong Audrey Su Lin , Price Lee , Napier Fiona , Matthews Kate 
Published: January 2020

Introduction This qualitative research explores the experience of partner caregivers and how their partner’s dementia impacts on their daily living and occupational lives, with the aim of informing the sustainability of homecare and decreasing the likelihood of formal care. Method Ten participants were recruited through Alzheimer’s Society groups. They were interviewed using the same semi-structured interview process and asked questions about their daily activities and caregiving role. The data was analysed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis process and themes generated using inductive coding and reasoning. Findings Three main themes were identified: (1) losing occupational activities and roles; (2) adapting to a new occupational life and (3) adjusting to a new relationship in the trajectory of their partner’s illness. Conclusion This study highlights the complex occupational challenges experienced by partner caregivers of people with dementia. It suggests that there is a role for occupational therapists in sustaining homecare by working with partner caregivers as ‘expert service users’. Involvement should be provided at critical points of the caregiving journey and include co-creating technology solutions for social inclusion, sustaining adaptive engagement in personal occupations, creating opportunities for restoration and supporting caregivers to preserve their partner’s personhood.
Describing and measuring the ‘switch-on’ effect in people with dementia who participate in cognitive stimulation therapy: A mixed methods study
Authors: Liu Qi , Jones Margaret , Hocking Clare 
Published: January 2020

Introduction Cognitive stimulation therapy is an evidence-based group intervention for promoting cognition and quality of life in people with dementia. This New Zealand study aimed to describe and measure the ‘switch-on’ effect, a recently reported benefit involving enhanced participation. Method A convergent parallel mixed methods design was implemented. Interviews guided by qualitative descriptive methodology were conducted with four community-dwelling men with mild dementia and their wives, before, during and after cognitive stimulation therapy. Concomitantly, participants with dementia were scored on the Volitional Questionnaire following a single-subject A–B design. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed using NVivo-assisted thematic analysis and descriptive statistics respectively and conjointly. Findings ‘Switch-on’ was found to be multi-dimensional in nature, with increased engagement and expanded scope in Doing, Feeling, Relating, and Thinking and Reflecting. ‘Switch-on’ occurred with a noticeable onset within 3 weeks, which was sustained and consolidated towards completion of cognitive stimulation therapy in both group and home environments. Three men showed concurrent improvements on the achievement sub-scale of the Volitional Questionnaire. However, the measure did not effectively capture ‘switch-on’ due to its ceiling effect. Conclusion Findings about ‘switch-on’ suggest broader, under-researched benefits of cognitive stimulation therapy that merit further exploration from an occupational therapy perspective.
Integrin α10β1-Selected Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mitigate the Progression of Osteoarthritis in an Equine Talar Impact Model
Authors: Delco Michelle L. , Goodale Margaret , Talts Jan F. , Pownder Sarah L. , Koff Matthew F. , Miller Andrew D. , Nixon Bridgette , Bonassar Lawrence J. , Lundgren-Åkerlund Evy , Fortier Lisa A. 
Published: January 2020

Background: Early intervention with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after articular trauma has the potential to limit progression of focal lesions and prevent ongoing cartilage degeneration by modulating the joint environment and/or contributing to repair. Integrin α10β1 is the main collagen type II binding receptor on chondrocytes, and MSCs that are selected for high expression of the α10 subunit have improved chondrogenic potential. The ability of α10β1-selected (integrin α10high) MSCs to protect cartilage after injury has not been investigated. Purpose: To investigate integrin α10high MSCs to prevent posttraumatic osteoarthritis in an equine model of impact-induced talar injury. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Focal cartilage injuries were created on the tali of horses (2-5 years, n = 8) by using an impacting device equipped to measure impact stress. Joints were treated with 20 × 106 allogenic adipose-derived α10high MSCs or saline vehicle (control) 4 days after injury. Synovial fluid was collected serially and analyzed for protein content, cell counts, markers of inflammation (prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor α) and collagen homeostasis (procollagen II C-propeptide, collagen type II cleavage product), and glycosaminoglycan content. Second-look arthroscopy was performed at 6 weeks, and horses were euthanized at 6 months. Joints were imaged with radiographs and quantitative 3-T magnetic resonance imaging. Postmortem examinations were performed, and India ink was applied to the talar articular surface to identify areas of cartilage fibrillation. Synovial membrane and osteochondral histology was performed, and immunohistochemistry was used to assess type I and II collagen and lubricin. A mixed effect model with Tukey post hoc and linear contrasts or paired t tests were used, as appropriate. Results: Integrin α10high MSC-treated joints had less subchondral bone sclerosis on radiographs ( P = .04) and histology ( P = .006) and less cartilage fibrillation ( P = .04) as compared with control joints. On gross pathology, less India ink adhered to impact sites in treated joints than in controls, which may be explained by the finding of more prominent lubricin immunostaining in treated joints. Prostaglandin E2 concentration in synovial fluid and mononuclear cell synovial infiltrate were increased in treated joints, suggesting possible immunomodulation by integrin α10high MSCs. Conclusion: Intra-articular administration of integrin α10high MSCs is safe, and evidence suggests that the cells mitigate the effects of joint trauma. Clinical Relevance: This preclinical study indicates that intra-articular therapy with integrin α10high MSCs after joint trauma may be protective against posttraumatic osteoarthritis.
Mughal State and the Information System: 1556–1707
Authors: Sah Ram Shankar 
Published: January 2020

News reporting was an essential part of the administration of the Mughal Empire. Many sources such as biography, autobiography, court chronicles, akhbarat and travelogues indicate that the Mughals had an organised system of intelligence and espionage. The Mughals ruled over a vast territory which made it necessary to organize a system whereby news and information could be conveyed rapidly over great distances. News writing in Mughal India was closely connected with espionage and postal communication. For this reason, Historians who have studied the communication system of Mughal India, discussed the information system in a limited manner and paid greater coverage to the communication system. With the help of the news reports, the Mughal emperor issued orders and many other communications related to administration. The information system was important also for the economy. Till now, not much is known about the Mughal information system, notably the news reporting system related to the state. The present article deals with the information system of the Mughal empire particularly from the reign of Emperor Akbar to Aurangzeb. In this article, effort is made to discuss the types, levels, importance, structure, procedure and mechanism of the news reporting system during Mughal empire along with the rank, qualifications and work ethics of the news reporters. This article also analyses the nature and the role of the information system of the Mughal state along with how this information system evolved over a period of time.
Exploring the Relationship Between MyPlate Knowledge, Perceived Diet Quality, and Healthy Eating Behaviors Among Adolescents
Authors: Westfall Miranda , Roth Sarah E. , Gill Monique , Chan-Golston Alec M. , Rice Lindsay N. , Crespi Catherine M. , Prelip Michael L. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: MyPlate is the current dietary guidance icon meant to communicate healthy eating patterns. The purpose of this study is to evaluate knowledge of MyPlate nutrition education messages among middle school students and its association with dietary intake and perceived diet quality. Design: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data. Settings: Survey of eighth-grade students from 16 middle schools in California. Subjects: A total of 3521 eighth-grade students. Measures: MyPlate knowledge was assessed with 3 questions asking how much of the plate in a typical meal should be (1) fruits and vegetables, (2) grains, and (3) proteins. A brief food frequency questionnaire measured intake of fruits, vegetables, sweets, salty snacks, fast-food, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) over the past 7 days. Students self-rated their diet quality as poor, fair, good, or excellent. Analysis: Hierarchical logistic regression models controlling for gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Results: Only 11% of students answered all MyPlate questions correctly. MyPlate knowledge was associated with 65% higher odds of not consuming SSBs, but 46% lower odds of not consuming sweets. MyPlate knowledge was not associated with adolescents’ perceived diet quality or intake of salty snacks, fruits, or vegetables. Conclusion: Knowledge of nutrition education messages communicated by the MyPlate dietary guidance icon is limited among adolescents. The association between MyPlate knowledge and lower consumption of SSBs is encouraging, given the strong association between SSBs and childhood obesity.
Occupation as a predictor of prostate cancer screening behaviour in Canada
Authors: Peters Cheryl E , Villeneuve Paul J , Parent Marie-Élise 
Published: January 2020

Objectives If prostate cancer screening practices relate to occupation, this would have important implications when studying the aetiological role of workplace exposures on prostate cancer. We identified variations in screening by occupation among men in Montreal, Canada (2005–2012). Methods Prostate specific antigen testing and digital rectal examination (ever-screened and frequency of screening, previous five years) were examined among population controls from the Prostate Cancer & Environment Study. Face-to-face interviews elicited lifestyle and occupational histories. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of ever-screening for the longest-held occupation, adjusting for potential confounders. Negative binomial models were used to examine relationships with screening frequency. Results Among 1989 controls, 81% reported ever having had a prostate specific antigen test, and 77% a digital rectal examination. Approximately 40% of men reported having a prostate specific antigen test once a year, on average. Compared with those in management or administrative jobs, men in primary industry (odds ratio 0.26, 95% confidence interval 0.10–0.65), construction (0.44, 0.25–0.79), machining (0.45, 0.21–0.97), and teaching (0.37, 0.20–0.70) were less likely to have undergone prostate specific antigen screening. Results were similar when considering the most recent job. Conclusions Our findings highlight substantial variations in prostate cancer screening by occupation. Men in occupations where carcinogen exposures are more common are less likely to participate in prostate screening activities. This could be an important source of bias, and occupational studies of prostate cancer should account for screening practices.
Outcome of Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joint Interpositional Arthroplasty With Tendon Allograft
Authors: Stautberg Eugene F. , Klein Sandra E. , McCormick Jeremy J. , Salter Amber , Johnson Jeffrey E. 
Published: January 2020

Background: Lesser toe metatarsal head degeneration and collapse can cause significant pain and disability. In the setting of global metatarsal head collapse, there are limited operative options. The purpose of our study was to evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes after lesser toe metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint interpositional arthroplasty with a tendon allograft and to describe the operative technique. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of patients treated by 3 fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeons at one institution. We created a phone survey to evaluate satisfaction, pain, and likelihood to repeat the surgery. Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) scores were reviewed before and after surgery. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were evaluated for preservation of metatarsal length. The procedure was performed through a dorsal midline approach. The metatarsal head was reamed to a concave shape. A tendon allograft was fashioned into a ball and secured to the metatarsal with an anchor. Fifteen feet in 14 patients underwent lesser MTP joint interposition arthroplasty, with the average age of 49 years (range, 24-69), and an average follow-up of 4.2 years. Results: Eighty percent (12/15) reported they would have the procedure again. Visual analog scale pain scores showed a decrease in pain from 7 to 1. FAAM sports subscale improved from 56% to 85%. Radiographically, the ratio of the affected metatarsal length to the adjacent metatarsal remained constant before and after surgery, suggesting preservation of the metatarsal cascade. Conclusion: Interpositional arthroplasty of the lesser MTP joints with a rolled tendon allograft provided a unique solution, as it allows the surgeon to fill a large void without harvesting an autograft. This study showed improved patient-reported outcomes, high patient satisfaction, and good radiographic outcomes. Lesser metatarsophalangeal joint allograft interposition arthroplasty was a viable solution as a salvage procedure in the setting of global metatarsal head collapse. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Who Goes to Shows? Race-ethnicity and the Visual and Performing Arts
Authors: Patterson Nile DeGray 
Published: January 2020

Using data from the 2012 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts, I investigate whether education’s influence on the likelihood of visual and performing arts attendance in the USA varies by race-ethnicity. The results reveal that education increases the odds of attendance for both Whites and non-Whites, but it has a stronger impact upon the former than the latter. Unlike Whites, education’s effect on attending visual and performing arts activities for non-Whites is insignificant for high school diploma recipients when compared to their counterparts with some college education. These findings suggest a racial-ethnic bias in visual and performing arts attendance net of education that connects to the European roots of “legitimate” art in modern western society and the history of US racial discrimination. European Americans have dominated the USA’s social institutions for centuries and have held prejudices against minorities’ artistic capabilities since the colonial era. Consequentially, they could determine which arts genres provide valuable cultural capital. Conversely, minority art communities have only recently acquired the resources for self-sustainability. This likely limited their ability to develop formal institutions within their own communities to support the arts.