bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of treated apical periodontitis before heart valve surgery on C‐reactive protein levels
Authors: Alim Betul Aycan , Canturk Emir , Koksal Cengiz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveDental infections produce significant increases in systemic inflammatory responses manifested by cytokines and acute‐phase reactants. This study evaluated the postoperative C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels according to patients having teeth treated or not treated for apical periodontitis (AP) before heart valve surgery.Materials and MethodsPreoperative, postoperative third‐ and fifth‐day CRP levels, and the previous dental data of 91 patients were investigated. Whether the patients had been treated for AP and whether they used antibiotic prophylaxis for this treatment were determined by examining the previous data. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in the preoperative CRP levels and the third‐day CRP levels between all patients treated and those not treated for AP (p > .05). The mean fifth‐day CRP levels of the patients with teeth treated for AP were significantly lower than those of the patients with teeth not treated for AP (p < .05). Antibiotic prophylaxis had a significant effect on the fifth‐day CRP levels.ConclusionThe decrease in CRP levels after AP treatment may contribute to alleviating heart valve disease and maintaining cardiac health.
New Classification and Its Value Evaluation for Atlantoaxial Dislocation
Authors: Mingsheng Tan , Long Gong , Ping Yi , Feng Yang , Xiangsheng Tang , Haoning Ma , Qinying Hao 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo introduce the TOI classification system (the Traction reduction type [T type], Operation reduction type [O type], and Irreducible type [I type] classification system) and to determine the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the TOI classification system.MethodsBased on the characteristics of atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD), AAD was divided into Traction reduction type (T type), Operation reduction type (O type), and Irreducible type (I type). The analysis of interobserver and intraobserver agreements was done using kappa statistics. From July 2016 to January 2019, 213 AAD patients were retrospectively studied at four hospitals. Plain radiographs including extension and flexion views and three‐dimensional CT images were obtained. Twenty independent observers, including eight experienced spine specialists and 12 orthopaedic fellows from four different residency training hospitals, completed the survey.ResultsThe classification of the TOI system was based on etiology, the course of the disease, flexion–extension X‐rays, three‐dimensional CT reconstruction, and curative effects of skull traction. Flexion–extension X‐rays demonstrating a successful reduction of the dislocated atlantoaxial joint and three‐dimensional CT images showing osseous fusion of atlantoaxial facet joints and cervical traction reveal characteristics of T‐type. Furthermore, this type can be divided into two subtypes, T1 and T2, according to the etiology and course of the disease. Unsatisfactorily reduction after 1–2 weeks of strict cervical traction, no reduction shown on flexion–extension X‐rays, and no destruction or boneless fusion of atlantoaxial facet joints demonstrated in three‐dimensional CT images are characteristics of type O. Atlantoaxial facet joint showing bone fusion or failure of reduction after cervical traction or three‐dimensional CT images showing failure of surgical release are characteristics of type I. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the TOI classification system were moderate (κ = 0.543) and substantial (κ = 0.658), respectively. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the treatment choice were moderate (κ = 0.568) and substantial (κ = 0.675), respectively. There were no significant differences in the interobserver and intraobserver reliability between experienced spine specialists and fellows for all κ‐values (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe TOI classification system had satisfactory reliability and, therefore, can be applied clinically and used by less experienced surgeons. We believe TOI can help surgeons choose appropriate treatment strategies.
The Rise and Prominence of Skip‐Generation Households in Lower‐ and Middle‐Income Countries
Authors: Zimmer Zachary , Treleaven Emily 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInvestigations into changes in household formations across lower‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) rarely consider skip‐generation households. Yet, demographic, social, and economic forces increasingly encourage skip‐generation household formations. We examine trends and changes in the prevalence of skip‐generation households from 1990 to 2016, examining households, adults aged 60+, and children under 15, across 49 countries using household roster data from Demographic and Health Surveys. Analysis takes place in stages, first describing trends in skip‐generation households across countries and next providing explanatory analyses using multilevel modeling to assess whether, and the degree to which, country‐level characteristics like AIDS mortality and female labor force participation explain trends in the probability that a household is, or that an individual resides in, a skip‐generation household. Results indicate extensive increases in skip‐generation households in many LMICs, although there is also variation. The increases and variations are not well‐explained by the country‐level characteristics in our models, suggesting other underlying reasons for the rise and prominence of skip‐generation households across LMICs.
Inverse scattering transforms and soliton solutions of nonlocal reverse‐space nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchies
Authors: Ma Wen‐Xiu , Huang Yehui , Wang Fudong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to construct nonlocal reverse‐space nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) hierarchies through nonlocal group reductions of eigenvalue problems and generate their inverse scattering transforms and soliton solutions. The inverse scattering problems are formulated by Riemann‐Hilbert problems which determine generalized matrix Jost eigenfunctions. The Sokhotski‐Plemelj formula is used to transform the Riemann‐Hilbert problems into Gelfand‐Levitan‐Marchenko type integral equations. A solution formulation to special Riemann‐Hilbert problems with the identity jump matrix, corresponding to the reflectionless transforms, is presented and applied to ‐soliton solutions of the nonlocal NLS hierarchies.
Oral alterations and oral health‐related quality of life assessment in patients undergoing chemotherapy at a tertiary care center
Authors: Sahni Priya , Punyani Silky R. , Jain Sachin , Nayak Kailash C. , Charan Abhishek , Karwasra Kapil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsThis study was designed to assess the oral alterations and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients undergoing chemotherapy for malignancies other than oral cancer.Methods and resultsOral alterations were studied by careful clinical examination prior to and at the end of three cycles of chemotherapy in 100 patients. OHRQoL was assessed by oral health impact profile (OHIP)‐14 questionnaire. Fifty‐four patients developed oral complications among which oral mucositis and pigmentation were the most commonly observed. OHRQoL was hampered in all patients as indicated by higher postchemotherapy scores as compared to prechemotherapy scores (P < .0001). Postchemotherapy scores were higher for patients who developed visible oral changes as compared to those who did not (P = .001). There was a weak positive correlation between the number of oral alterations and postchemotherapy scores for OHRQoL.ConclusionsOur study emphasizes the role of oral physicians in the healthcare team delivering chemotherapeutic treatment as regular oral examination, and timely symptomatic treatment is important for the overall well‐being of the patient.
Persistence and Change in Marriage Practices among Syrian Refugees in Jordan
Authors: Sieverding Maia , Krafft Caroline , Berri Nasma , Keo Caitlyn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEarly marriage, which is associated with a wide range of negative health and socioeconomic outcomes, may be a response to conflict and displacement. Since the onset of the Syrian conflict in 2011, there has been considerable attention to reports of high and potentially increasing rates of early marriage among Syrian refugee women. Using nationally representative survey data from Jordan in 2016 and Syria in 2009, as well as qualitative interviews with Syrian refugee youth in Jordan, we examine changes in age at marriage and drivers of early marriage. We find no evidence of an increase in early marriage rates after refugees’ arrival to Jordan. Rates of early marriage among the Syrians now in Jordan were higher than preconflict national rates and have remained similar postdisplacement, although poverty and security concerns have created new drivers for accelerating marriage for young women. Other dynamics of the Syrian marriage market in displacement may act to decelerate marriage rates, including declining rates of consanguinity and inability to meet marriage costs. Analysis of early marriage in displacement must be placed within the context of change in marriage practices among refugees more broadly.
Effect of repeat transfusion exposure on plasma cytokine and markers of endothelial activation in the extremely preterm neonate
Authors: Crawford Tara M. , Andersen Chad C. , Stark Michael J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundVery preterm newborns receive up to three to five red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, often early, after birth. Despite awareness of the association of transfusion with increases in cytokines and markers of endothelial activation, research has focused on single transfusions weeks after birth. With pathophysiologic processes contributing to the development of morbidities starting soon after delivery, we investigated the response to early, repeated transfusion exposure.Study design and methodsThree consecutive transfusion exposures were studied in transfusion‐naive infants less than 30 weeks’ gestation (n = 46). Plasma cytokines and markers of endothelial activation were measured before and 2 to 4 hours after transfusion by multiplex enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe median (IQR) age was 3 (1‐9) days at first transfusion, 7 (3‐20) days at the second, and 18 (7‐28) days at the third. Baseline concentrations did not differ between the three transfusions. Interleukin (IL)‐17A and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α did not change after the first transfusion but increased after the second (P < .05) and third transfusions (P < .01). While IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8 concentrations did not differ after the first and second transfusions, all increased after the third (IL‐1β, P < .01; IL‐6, P < .01; IL‐8, P < .05). The magnitude of posttransfusion increase in IL‐1β, IL‐17A, and TNF‐α increased between the first and third transfusion exposure.ConclusionEarly, repeated transfusion results in alterations in proinflammatory cytokines and markers of endothelial activation in the very preterm newborn and suggests that the potential for transfusion‐related immunomodulation is present in the initial days after birth rather than confined to later in the postnatal period.
Decreased expression of miR‐24 in peripheral plasma of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients associated with diabetic foot ulcer
Authors: Li Xueting , Tang Ying , Jia Zeguo , Zhao Xiaotong , Chen Mingwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo examine the correlations of miR‐24 expression in peripheral plasma with the onset of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and explore the clinical value of miR‐24 as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment outcomes of DFU and DFO, a total of 60 newly diagnosed T2DM patients without DFU (T2DM group), 112 T2DM patients with DFU (DFU group), and 60 healthy controls (NC group) were included. DFU group were further divided into DFO group (n = 64) and non‐DFO group (n = 48). MiR‐24 levels were determined by quantitative real‐time PCR, while clinical features and risk factors of DFU and DFO were explored. The expression level of miR‐24 in T2DM and DFU group was significantly lower than in NC group (P < .05), and that in DFU group was significantly lower than in T2DM group (P < .01). Additionally, the level of miR‐24 significantly decreased in DFO group compared to non‐DFO group (P < .01). Moreover, it was negatively correlated with the amputation rate in DFU group (P = .043) and positively correlated with healing rate after 8 weeks (P = .036). The multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that a low expression of miR‐24 was an independent risk factor for DFU and DFO. The ROC curve analysis indicated that the AUC of miR‐24 for the diagnosis of DFU and DFO was 0.849 (95% CI, 0.618‐0.879, P < .001) and 0.782 (95% CI, 0.595‐0.813, P < .001). Thus, a decreased expression of miR‐24 of T2DM patients was closely related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of DFU and DFO, suggesting the use of miR‐24 as a potential biomarker for the prediction of DFU and DFO.
Current Status of Reactors Deployment and Small Modular Reactors Development in the World
Authors: Pioro I. , Duffey R. B. , Kirillov P. L. , Dort-Goltz N. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Due to emerging climate change concerns coupled with increased global energy demand, eventually the world needs to move to low-carbon-emission electricity-generating sources—nonrenewables, such as nuclear power, and renewables, as hydro, wind, geothermal, solar, and tidal. The only source is nuclear power that is reliable, concentrated, and can be of large installed capacity and operate with high capacity factors. This paper updates and presents the current status of nuclear-power deployment and small modular reactors (SMRs) development in the world. Unfortunately, within last 9 years, electricity generation with nuclear power has decreased from ∼14% before the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) severe accident in March of 2011 to about ∼10%. Therefore, it is important to follow up with and understand the latest trends in nuclear power including SMRs development.
A Longitudinal Analysis of the Executive Functions in High-Level Soccer Players
Authors: Beavan Adam , Chin Vincent , Ryan Louise M. , Spielmann Jan , Mayer Jan , Skorski Sabrina , Meyer Tim , Fransen Job 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:Assessments of executive functions (EFs) with varying levels of perceptual information or action fidelity are common talent-diagnostic tools in soccer, yet their validity still has to be established. Therefore, a longitudinal development of EFs in high-level players to understand their relationship with increased exposure to training is required.Methods:A total of 304 high-performing male youth soccer players (10–21 years old) in Germany were assessed across three seasons on various sport-specific and non-sport-specific cognitive functioning assessments.Results:The posterior means (90% highest posterior density) of random slopes indicated that both abilities predominantly developed between 10 and 15 years of age. A plateau was apparent for domain-specific abilities during adolescence, whereas domain-generic abilities improved into young adulthood.Conclusion:The developmental trajectories of soccer players’ EFs follow the general populations’ despite long-term exposure to soccer-specific training and game play. This brings into question the relationship between high-level experience and EFs and renders including EFs in talent identification questionable.
Precise measurement of $$2\nu \beta \beta $$ decay of $$^{100}$$Mo with the CUPID-Mo detection technology
Authors: Armengaud E. , Augier C. , Barabash A.  S. , Bellini F. , Benato G. , Benoît A. , Beretta M. , Bergé L. , Billard J. , Borovlev Yu. A. , Bourgeois Ch. , Briere M. , Brudanin V. , Camus P. , Cardani L. , Casali N. , Cazes A. , Chapellier M. , Charlieux F. , de Combarieu M. , Dafinei I. , Danevich F. A. , De Jesus M. , Dumoulin L. , Eitel K. , Elkhoury E. , Ferri F. , Fujikawa B. K. , Gascon J. , Gironi L. , Giuliani A. , Grigorieva V. D. , Gros M. , Guerard E. , Helis D. L. , Huang H. Z. , Huang R. , Johnston J. , Juillard A. , Khalife H. , Kleifges M. , Kobychev V. V. , Kolomensky Yu. G. , Konovalov S. I. , Leder A. , Kotila J. , Loaiza P. , Ma L. , Makarov E. P. , de Marcillac P. , Marini L. , Marnieros S. , Misiak D. , Navick X.-F. , Nones C. , Novati V. , Olivieri E. , Ouellet J. L. , Pagnanini L. , Pari P. , Pattavina L. , Paul B. , Pavan M. , Peng H. , Pessina G. , Pirro S. , Poda D. V. , Polischuk O. G. , Previtali E. , Redon Th. , Rozov S. , Rusconi C. , Sanglard V. , Schäffner K. , Schmidt B. , Shen Y. , Shlegel V. N. , Siebenborn B. , Singh V. , Tomei C. , Tretyak V. I. , Umatov V. I. , Vagneron L. , Velázquez M. , Weber M. , Welliver B. , Winslow L. , Xue M. , Yakushev E. , Zolotarova A. S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report the measurement of the two-neutrino double-beta ($$2\nu \beta \beta $$2νββ) decay of$$^{100}$$100Mo to the ground state of$$^{100}$$100Ru using lithium molybdate ($$\hbox {Li}_2^{\;\;100}\hbox {MoO}_4$$Li2100MoO4) scintillating bolometers. The detectors were developed for the CUPID-Mo program and operated at the EDELWEISS-III low background facility in the Modane underground laboratory (France). From a total exposure of 42.235 kg$$\times $$×day, the half-life of$$^{100}$$100Mo is determined to be$$T_{1/2}^{2\nu }=[7.12^{+0.18}_{-0.14}\,\mathrm {(stat.)}\pm 0.10\,\mathrm {(syst.)}]\times 10^{18}$$T1/22ν=[7.12-0.14+0.18(stat.)±0.10(syst.)]×1018 years. This is the most accurate determination of the$$2\nu \beta \beta $$2νββhalf-life of$$^{100}$$100Mo to date.
New metric-affine generalizations of gravitational wave geometries
Authors: Jiménez-Cano Alejandro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper we explore generalizations of metric structures of the gravitational wave type to geometries containing an independent connection. The aim is simply to establish a new category of connections compatible, according to some criteria, to the known metric structures for gravitational waves and, additionally, provide some properties that can be useful for the search of solutions of this kind in different theories.
Asymptotic generalized extended uncertainty principle
Authors: Da̧browski Mariusz P. , Wagner Fabian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a formalism which allows for the perturbative derivation of the Extended Uncertainty Principle (EUP) for arbitrary spatial curvature models and observers. Entering the realm of small position uncertainties, we derive a general asymptotic EUP. The leading 2nd order curvature induced correction is proportional to the Ricci scalar, while the 4th order correction features the 0th order Cartan invariant $$\Psi _2$$Ψ2 (a scalar quadratic in curvature tensors) and the curved space Laplacian of the Ricci scalar all of which are evaluated at the expectation value of the position operator i.e. the expected position when performing a measurement. This result is first verified for previously derived homogeneous space models and then applied to other non-trivial curvature related effects such as inhomogeneities, rotation and an anisotropic stress fluid leading to black hole “hair”. Our main achievement combines the method we introduce with the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) by virtue of deformed commutators to formulate a generic form of what we call the Asymptotic Generalized Extended Uncertainty Principle (AGEUP).
As medicinas das Minas Gerais a partir de três manuais setecentistas
Authors: Viotti Ana Carolina De Carvalho 
Published: July 2020

Este breve estudo trata de três manuais médicos escritos por cirurgiões licenciados nas Minas Gerais – o Erário Mineral (1736), a Relação cirúrgica e médica (1747) e o Governo de Mineiros [...] (1770). A partir deles, discutirei brevemente os limites da atuação desse tipo de profissional na colônia portuguesa nas Américas e a escritura de obras de cunho prescritivo por não-médicos, interrogando quais as doenças recorrentemente identificadas por eles, quais os tratamentos indicados, quais os referenciais médicos anunciados, que tipo de medicamento era comumente indicado e para quem esses remédios eram receitados. Percorrendo esse caminho, o objetivo é dar os principais contornos do que fora uma importante faceta da prática oficial de curar nas Minas Setecentistas
Feasibility and Safety of Laparoscopic‐Guided Epicardial Access for Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation
Authors: Carmo Andre A. L. , Zenobio Silvia , Santos Bruno C. , Rocha Manoel O. C. , Ribeiro Antonio L. P. 
Published: July 2020

Background
The usual approach to epicardial access in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy and megacolon is surgical access to avoid bowel injury. However, there are concerns regarding its safety in cases of Chagas cardiomyopathy with reports of prolonged mechanical ventilation and high mortality in this clinical setting. The aim of this study was to examine feasibility and complication rates for ventricular tachycardia ablation performed with laparoscopic‐guided epicardial access.

Methods and Results
This single center study examined complication rates of the first 11 cases of ventricular tachycardia ablation in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy, using laparoscopic guidance to access epicardial space. All 11 patients underwent epicardial VT ablation using laparoscopic‐guided epicardial access, and the complication rates were compared with historical medical reports. The main demographic features of our population were age, 63±13 years; men, 82%; and median ejection fraction, 31% (Q1=30% and Q3=46%). All patients were sent for ventricular tachycardia ablation because of medical therapy failure. The reason for laparoscopy was megacolon in 10 patients and massive liver enlargement in 1 patient. Epicardial access was achieved in all patients. Complications included 1 severe cardiogenic shock and 1 phrenic nerve paralysis. No intra‐abdominal organ injury occurred; only 1 death, which was caused by progressive heart failure, was reported more than 1 month after the procedure.

Conclusions
Laparoscopic‐guided epicardial access in the setting of ventricular tachycardia ablation and enlarged intra‐abdominal organ is a simple alternative to more complex surgical access and can be performed with low complication rates.