bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Partial Replacement of Natural Aggregate Concrete (NAC) With Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC)
Authors: Ramasamy Monisha , Jaganathan Dhanusuya , Soundararajan Kaasurajan , Shanmugam DhivyaBharathi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper is about the use of the recycled aggregate concrete(RAC) instead of using the normal conventional concrete to reduce the usage of naturally available aggregate and it’s an alternate to preserve our natural resources, utilize the construction and demolition waste(C&D). The upgradation of living life needs a replacement and new design to remove or rehabilitate the old buildings. Will lead to tones of C& D wastes; there is limited place to dispose it. Main reason is to tackle the problems based on the waste management that has become one of the tremendous problems that cannot be resolved. The squanders that can be reused once on the off chance that it is utilized is generally best in this colossal populace society don’t have the foggiest idea where to dump every one of these squanders. Instead of disposal, our government along with researchers started utilizing this waste again in the construction in the form of Recycle aggregates like fine particle and Recycle concrete aggregate. Most of the states in India having plants in disposal area to recycle this C&D waste. From the studies it says that recycle aggregate concrete can be used for M25, M30, M35, M40 and also use in Self compacting concrete. In this paper we did experimental studies on Recycle aggregate concrete (M25) near area has been used and identify its basic properties. The cement is supplanted with reused coarse total (RCA) of two unique proportions (40, 60& 80) and their compressive quality and brace rigidity of the solid are tried. The outcomes show that the RCA of proportion 80 % has higher quality than the solid with half substitution.
Research Analysis of Paper Sludge and Paper Ash Bricks
Authors: Ganesan Yogabalaji , Sakthivel Kirubhakaran , Murugan Vivekanandhan , Duraisamy Saranyadevi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Construction sector is found to be the largest consumer of non-renewable resources at any age of development. Among the total cost of construction, 80% of cost is only due to the construction materials and the rest is due to the hands and brains behind it. In order to reduce the consumption rate of resources, alternative sources of materials are being investigated. With this note, the use of recycled paper in nominal brick began. Among 3.04 trillion trees around the world, 4 billion trees are being consumed for paper each year. i.e.15 full grown trees for a single ton of paper. Recycling of such paper can be done by adding them into the brick by ratio less than 50%. They have good chemical bonding with concrete. While maintaining the strength to the required limit. This concept makes the system more sustainable and cheap to produce.
CFST Compression members with steel slag as a partial replacement for fine aggregate
Authors: Arumugam Vijayakumar , Muthukumaran Nithya , Ellappan Prabakaran 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Global warming and environmental destruction have become major issues in the last few decades. Use of more and more economical friendly materials in construction is important. Presently in India, steel slag production is about 12 million tonnes per annum, due to limited modes of practices of utilization, steel slags are dumped in yards of each production and engage large area. To overcome these problems steel slag can be used in construction. This paper deals with the study of axial compressive behaviour of Composite column with partial replacement of fine aggregate by steel slag in concrete-filled steel tubular column with different cross-sections. Partial replacement of fine aggregate in Concrete filled steel tubular column will reduce the damage to the ecological balance due to excessive sand lifting from river beds, affecting the ground level. Tests are carried out on the specimens with varying cross-sections and hollow tubular members under axial compression.
Expansive Subgrade Strength Improvement using Geogrid and Geotextile Layers
Authors: Jayakumar Jayashree , Venkatesh Jeevanantham , Selvaraju Yamini Roja 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Clay is fine grained soil, which is plastic due to its cohesive nature at relative moisture content. Clay soils exhibits alternate swell and shrink in variation with moisture content and possess low CBR value. In this study, stabilization of subgrade has been done by the introducing geosynthetics as layers. Non-woven geotextiles and geogrids layers are the geosynthetics used. Engineering properties such as shear strength and CBR value and index properties such as Atterberg limits and grain size distribution of the clay specimen are evaluated. CBR Test value obtained for control sample is 3.54 %, when the geogrid were placed at top & middle, CBR Values had been increased 4 % and 5.56 % respectively. The performance of Geogrid is increased when it placed together with geotextile as combined layer. CBR test conducted over the combined layers positioned at top and middle give the value 6.31 % and 6.9 % respectively.
A critical review on soil stabilization using bacteria
Authors: Soundara Balu , Kulanthaivel Ponnusamy , Nithipandian Subramaniam , Soundaryan Venkatasalapathi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To gratify the escalating need for land, it is vital to improve the lands with loose weak soils. These problematic loose soils can be optimized by nurturing the shear strength, lessening the time and potential for settlement and also reducing the hydraulic conductivity of soil, by using Microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) process. This process of MICP is carried out by adding bacterial solution into soil specimen which is continued with inoculation of cementation reagents having urea and one calcium salt (CaCl2) for enormous times. As a result, calcite precipitate (CaCO3) is formed in the soil and stabilize the soil. In this study, a number of factors that are responsible for better formation of calcite precipitate are examined. This process mainly depends upon soil type, bacteria species, concentration of cementation solution, injection methods and also on pH, temperature conditions and curing period. The aim of this paper is to review the main factors that influence the MICP process, such as soil properties, bacterial species, nutrients, concentration of cementation solution, pH, temperature and injection methods.
Influence of Natural Fibres in Strengthening of Black Cotton Soil
Authors: Ellappan Prabakaran , Arumugam Vijayakumar , Muthukumaran Nithya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The expansive soil like black cotton soil spread over southern Indian terrain. As a fast-growing nation like India, the need for infrastructure activities quickly takes place. For better structural capacity the geotechnical features are important. The soil stabilization is a technique in the part of improving the soil engineering properties like California Bearing Ratio (CBR), shear strength and compaction factors. In the present study, the black cotton soil stabilized with fibres to improve the engineering properties of soil. The study carried with natural fibres like sisal, banana and jute fibres. The ratio of 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% added in the dry weight of soil fraction with the soil for the strength gaining. The addition fibres increase the strength in the reasonable value for CBR up to 21.55% in 0.4% of banana, 0.6% of sisal and 0.6% of jute fibre combination. Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) increased up to 20% for the same combination. The results provide the combined scattered fibre effect to increase the strength parameters of soil.
ANN Based Model for Prediction of Energy Requirement for Water-Energy Nexus Studies
Authors: Sivapragasam Chandrasekaran , Baranitharan Balakrishnan , Rajesh Krishnasamy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Water and energy are intricately connected. In order to have systematic planning of water resources to meet the future energy demands in a region, it is necessary to forecast the energy requirements appropriately. This work proposes development of an effective forecasting model. At the first level, forecasting of energy requirement is done with energy availability as the input information. At the second level, it is desired to forecast the energy requirement with weather parameters such as temperature and rainfall as the inputs. The variation in these parameters has a significant influence on the energy requirements. The proposed models are developed for 2 States in India with monthly data on energy requirement, energy availability and weather parameters for 11 years. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used as the forecasting tool because of its wide usage and acceptability by various researchers as an effective modelling tool and is implemented using MATLAB platform in this study. The results indicate that the propose ANN models are able to predict the energy requirements for two states with a CC of about 0.70, but fails to predict the peak, which needs further investigations. The importance of considering weather parameter changes as important source of information for planning water and energy related studies is found to be necessary.
Facing Energy Trilemma with Solar Power Generation as Future Main Player in Infrastructure Development
Authors: Amran Mohd , Radzi Mohd 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Energy trilemma provides huge challenges for policy makers and implementers to reform the energy systems. One of the key efforts is to improve renewable energy (RE) participation, which is not only applicable in infrastructure development of urban areas, but also covering rural areas. Meanwhile, the growth of solar power generation can be seen clearly, and the increased generation could contribute significantly to supply electricity in both urban and rural areas with different challenges. Thus, this paper will address the strategies of facing Energy Trilemma and followed by role of photovoltaic (PV) systems in supplying electricity for urban and rural areas. The works done will be seen important equally in order to finally address full coverage of electricity with stable and reliable systems.
PV-Wind-Battery based Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Grid Connected Systems
Authors: Thaveedu Alex Stanley Raja , Ramaswamy Senthil Kumar , Thirumurugan Shivaprakash 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The control strategy of solar, wind, battery that connected with bi-directional DC to DC converter are used for grid connected power flow management. Generally all sources of produce the power that should satisfy the load demand without scarifies our basic needs. The power can be acquired from different source and should manage the power flow to the all places in the horizontal level. The surplus power is injected to the grid and the battery should charge from grid, it can be used for latter when it required. A half bridge boost converter coupled with transformer is utilized to collect the power from wind, meanwhile a bi-directional buck-boost converter is utilized to collect the power from solar and battery charging/discharging. AC power is fed to AC load through single phase full bridge bidirectional converter and this helps to communication with grid. The proposed method that reduces the number of switches components losses and mainly the power conversion stage. The simulation results are obtained by using MATLAB/Simulink that shows the performance of control strategy of power flow management in different modes.
Household Energy Conservation Using Piezoelectric Tiles and solar Tracker
Authors: Shanmugam Saranya , Selvaraj Vigneshwaran , Kasirajan Roobini , Sivakumar Harikirubha , Kandasamy Keerthana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
For a growing nation like India, energy criterion determines the development of the country. The demand for energy in our country is exponentially growing. Conservation of energy could be the best solution to increased energy demand. In this paper, we use piezoelectric tiles and solar tracking systems in the household requirements for energy conservation. The piezoelectric tiles convert surface stress into electrical energy and solar tracker tracks the sun whole day and convert heat energy to electrical energy. We save that energy in the battery for household purposes for future uses. Here we use IR sensors and LDR sensors in various places in the house such as the kitchen, the entrance of the bathroom, and house entrance, etc. When these sensors sense, the light turns ON when we enter or in the bathroom, kitchen, house, hall, etc. The LDR sensor is most commonly used as light-sensitive devices to indicate the absence or presence of light or to measure the light intensity. Depending upon the light intensity the lights will turn ON or OFF condition. If it is daytime, the LDR sensor senses the higher light intensity, so the lights will not be turned on even if the IR sensor senses. This simple model based on sensors is designed to cut energy consumption. The proposed system as energy harvesting and energy conservation is subdivided into two stages. In this paper, the survey on Indian electricity consumption and weight analysis of piezoelectric tiles is conducted.
Performance studies of Solar Air Collector through Design of Experiment approach
Authors: Gorawar M B , Balikai Veeresh G , Revankar P P , Khatawate Vinayak H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Energy has made an immutable place in the human society as a driver to socio-economic engine that control each and every activity of existing biosphere on the planet Earth. The human activities during first Industrial Revolution (early part of 18th century to mid-19th century) were limited due small scale of production. However subsequent developments that followed as I-2.0, I-3.0 and Industry-4.0 were in a totally different arena where energy demand grew at exponential rate and climatic restrictions to power generation became more stringent. The sustainability principles are today the order of the day owing to excessive environmental degradation due to alarming rate of fossil fuel usage. The carbon footprint has a marked impact on each and every process envisaged by engineering community under the concept termed as eco-friendly design. The promotion of renewable energy has been one of the promising strategies to mitigate the environmental impact due to the use of fossil fuels. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has promulgated the 17 Sustainable Development Goals that aim to bring in improved overall living standards. The work presented deals with application of Design of Experiment concept in optimizing the suitable operating conditions for solar air heater. The approach has been reported to be a novel route in product realization and its optimization that ensures better resource utilization with least environmental and social impact. The study has resulted in appropriate choice of air flow rate in solar flat plate air heater useful for crop drying.
Simulation of solar irradiation assessment for power generation
Authors: Shet Amit , Balikai Veeresh G , Gorawar M B , Revankar P P , Khatawate Vinayak H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Solar Energy forms the perennial source to all living processes existing on Earth, directly or indirectly owing to its widespread usage to support the primary energy producers of the eco-system. The solar energy has been an important driver to all activities, supporting the civilizations as it has been used in different applications ranging from, drying of hide to sophisticated application of powering a satellite. The world today has found relief, through use of eco-friendly sources, of which solar energy has been primary form. The study has identified typical solar system design for household application through computational tool. The solar power module performance and variation in incident solar intensity on both horizontal and inclined surfaces are compared with load variation. The energy gain by integrating equations for Hubballi city was evolved, along with its comparison with locations like Delhi and Hamburg (Germany). It was observed that existing fixed SPV device was inadequate to meet the anticipated energy demand. The four different types of solar tracking modes were investigated using Empirical equations on MATLAB computational tool as a measure to enhance energy gain at the location. It was observed that operating in sun-tracking mode, SPV module programmed on basis of the objective function to minimize incidence angle, yielded higher solar energy throughout the year.
Offshore Integrated Renewable Power System
Authors: Karumalai Deepandurai , Palanisamy Arun Prasath , Palanisamy Ajith Kumar , Muthusamy Deepak 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with integration of three energy sources for generating surplus amount of energy. As, India is a fast developing country though it needs millions of kilowatts of electricity per year for its industries. The increase in population, rapid industrialization and upgradation to E-vehicles needs ten times the electricity than we use today. Day by Day the amount of toxic substances released by non-renewable sources into the environment were tremendously increased. So, in order to overcome all this problem we have integrated the three renewable energy sources into a single system named as ‘Integrated Renewable Power System’(IRPS) and trying to implement in offshore. The Oceans will produce constant energy with this system as wind is season based but placing this system in seashore and Delta regions it will constantly produce power and will result in solar efficiency and reduction in Tidal setup cost.
Fault detection and Induction motor safety using Programmable Logic Controller and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system
Authors: Simon Edwardwilson Solomon , Rangasamy Shivakumar , Boopathy Niruba , Chinnarasu Priya , Venkatachalam Sharmila 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Aiming at high accuracy and time consumption in classical method by eliminating the mechanical components, this work focuses on an automation process for fault detection and Induction motor safety using PLC and SCADA. The software of the system uses RS Logix 500 English to construct a ladder logic program and In-touch to design the operation process taking place in Induction motor. The communication between these two software is achieved by Dynamic Data Exchange. The problems such as voltages, currents, over speed, vibration alert and temperature sensing values of the Induction motor are monitored. By communicating the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) to Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) the warning messages are displayed on the computer screen. This PLC and SCADA system based protection method provides a visual environment to analyze and rectify the faults occurring in a three phase induction motor comparing to a Programmable Integrated Circuit (PIC) based protection system.
Identification of Air Pollution Index of certain local available plants at industrial area on the basis of Air Pollution Tolerance index
Authors: Gautam Poonam , Shukla A K 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Air pollution is a grave problem which affects the health of living organisms (human, animal and plants). Plants act as bio indicator and reduces air pollution due to their physiological and biochemical characteristic. The study was conducted at Talkatora industrial area, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The ambient air quality status and annual average concentration of major air pollutants (SO2, NO2 and PM2.5) was monitored for 2019 at the Industrial site. The annual average concentration of PM2.5 was reported 119.54 μg/m3, and for NO2 was 42.69μg/m3which is higher than the prescribed CPCB limits. The concentration of gaseous pollutant (SO2) is found to be within the permissible range of 50μg/m3 at the industrial site as concentration of sulphur dioxide was 13.34 μg/m3. Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of 6 plant species which was pick out from both experimental as well as control site was calculated to determine their biochemical parameters viz. Total chlorophyll content, leaf extract pH, ascorbic acid and RWC (relative water content). According to APTI Ficus religiosa and Azadirachta indica were tolerant species as their APTI was greater than 17 and P. pinnata be the sensitive species reporting APTI lower than 11. In Pearson correlation of biochemical parameter, it shows that Ascorbic acid (R2 = 0.9763) shows significance correlation with APTI.
GIS based evaluation of contamination of fluoride in groundwater quality and occurrence of dental fluorosis in Coimbatore district, TamilNadu, India
Authors: Kinattinkara Sapna , Arumugam Thangavelu , Balakrishnan Sujithra 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Groundwater is the major source of drinking water in urban and rural India. Groundwater is primarily used for various purposes like drinking, washing, irrigation, etc. Groundwater can become contaminated in many ways. The study has been carried out to assess the fluoride in groundwater of Coimbatore district. The secondary data of groundwater has been collected from PWD, Chennai, Tamil Nadu for the years of 2014 to 2018. Geographic information system (GIS) approach is used to develop spatial information and knowledge about fluoride in groundwater quality. Fluoride plays an important role in human metabolism within the permissible limit. But it is exceeded by many activities mainly by the human activities. High level of fluoride cause major impact on human health. It can replace calcium ion in bones and teeth, which can lead to fluorosis. Therefore this study was aimed to identify the high and low risk of fluoride contamination in groundwater. The study revealed that high level of fluoride 2014 (2.83mg/l), 2015 (1.86mg/l), 2016 (3.6mg/l), 2017 (1.56mg/l), and 2018 (1.68mg/l). It provides an understanding into the problem of fluorosis among people in the study area, where fluorosis is a public health problem of significant impact. Ambrampalayam, Puliampatti, Puravaipalayam, Ettimadai, Sirumugai and Therampalayam where the places shows the high level fluoride and people experiences the symptoms of dental fluorosis. There is compulsory need for defluoridation of the groundwater before consumption.
Surveillance of groundwater quality of selected rural and industrial areas of Coimbatore: A GIS Approach
Authors: Kinattinkara Sapna , Arumugam Thangavelu , Poongodi Kaarmuhil Shanmugam 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ground water is the water present inside the solid surface in the pore soil space. In cities, the people use ground water for their domestic use, in village the people use ground water for the agriculture process. Industries use ground water for their production purpose. The present study has been carried out to evaluate hydrochemical characteristic of ground water of Coimbatore district, TamilNadu, India. Geographical information system (GIS) has been applied to visualize the spatial distribution of groundwater quality in the study area. Twenty different samples were collected and analyzed for different hydrochemical parameters. The ground water in the study area is alkaline in nature. Nine samples within the area have more than maximum level of total dissolved solids. Five samples are having sodium in above maximum allowable limit. Only six samples have permissible limit in potassium in the area. Based on chloride, 90% of samples are within permissible limit. In total hardness, seven samples were exceed the allowable limit. In this agriculture area and industrial area water qualities are not much different maybe all agriculture area also has some industries or dump yard is a reason. The results obtained in this study and the spatial database established in GIS will be helpful for monitoring and managing ground water pollution in this study area.