bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explore the activation efficiency of different ligand carriers on synNotch-based contact-dependent activation system
Authors: Niu Zhiyuan , Chen Guanxu , Chen Han , Yin Meichen , Zhi Lingtong , Zhu Wuling 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
synNotch receptors can get different inputs about the outside environment into cells; however, synNotch system doesn’t work for soluble ligands. This study aims to explore the activation efficiency of different ligand carriers on synNotch system.

Methods
SynNotch-based contact-dependent activation system was constructed in 293T cells (293T-synNotch), then the synNotch receptor ligands eGFP proteins were provided by three different carriers: 400 nm Ni magnetic beads (Mag Ni-eGFP), 300 nm carboxyl modified Fe3O4 magnetic beads (Mag COOH-deGFP), and 4T1 cell (4T1-mGFP). Three eGFP carriers were incubated with 293T-synNotch, the activation efficiencies of these three eGFP carriers were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy.

Results
The 293T-synNotch cell activated by Mag Ni-eGFP shows no observable red fluorescence; when Mag COOH-deGFP are incubated with 293T-synNotch, about 50‰ cells with red fluorescence appeared, also eGFP proteins have not dropped off from the Mag COOH-deGFP beads; 4T1-mGFP cells show the highest activation efficiency, about 21% synNotch cells are activated, when 4T1-mGFP and 293T-synNotch are incubated at high cell density.

Conclusion
The 4T1-mGFP cells are the most effective ligands for synNotch receptor activation.
Effect of Soil Moisture and Granulometry on Soil Conditioning for EPB-TBM Tunneling: Case Study
Authors: Baghali Hamed , Chakeri Hamid , Sharghi Mohammad , Dias Daniel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Earth pressure balance tunnel boring machines are commonly used to excavate tunnels in soft soils. These types of machines use conditioning agents that permit changing the mechanical and hydraulic behavior of the soil and help to form a plastic paste. Conditioning is therefore the key point to explain the increasing number of applications of this technology in many different types of soils. The aim of this study is to investigate soil parameters (foam injection ratio (FIR), foam expansion ratio (FER), soil moisture content, and the percentage of fine-grained soil) to reach an optimum slump test in the range between 15 and 20 cm. In general, it was found that by increasing the soil moisture content, the FIR decreased to achieve the optimum slump, and also by increasing the percentage of fine-grained at a constant moisture content, the FIR increased to reach the optimal slump. This study has also permitted a comparison with field data from the Tabriz urban railway line 2 project.
Reference Genome for the Highly TransformableSetaria viridisME034V
Authors: Thielen Peter M , Pendleton Amanda L , Player Robert A , Bowden Kenneth V , Lawton Thomas J , Wisecaver Jennifer H 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSetaria viridis (green foxtail) is an important model system for improving cereal crops due to its diploid genome, ease of cultivation, and use of C4 photosynthesis. The S. viridis accession ME034V is exceptionally transformable, but the lack of a sequenced genome for this accession has limited its utility. We present a 397 Mb highly contiguous de novo assembly of ME034V using ultra-long nanopore sequencing technology (read N50 = 41kb). We estimate that this genome is largely complete based on our updated k-mer based genome size estimate of 401 Mb for S. viridis. Genome annotation identified 37,908 protein-coding genes and &gt;300k repetitive elements comprising 46% of the genome. We compared the ME034V assembly with two other previously sequenced Setaria genomes as well as to a diversity panel of 235 S. viridis accessions. We found the genome assemblies to be largely syntenic, but numerous unique polymorphic structural variants were discovered. Several ME034V deletions may be associated with recent retrotransposition of copia and gypsy LTR repeat families, as evidenced by their low genotype frequencies in the sampled population. Lastly, we performed a phylogenomic analysis to identify gene families that have expanded in Setaria, including those involved in specialized metabolism and plant defense response. The high continuity of the ME034V genome assembly validates the utility of ultra-long DNA sequencing to improve genetic resources for emerging model organisms. Structural variation present in Setaria illustrates the importance of obtaining the proper genome reference for genetic experiments. Thus, we anticipate that the ME034V genome will be of significant utility for the Setaria research community.
Identificación molecular morfológica de las especies de Fusarium spp., asociadas al cultivo de pimienta negra (Piper nigrum) en Sarapiquí y Guatuso en Costa Rica
Authors: Chinchilla Salazar Gabriela , Blanco Meneses Mónica , Castro Zúñiga Óscar 
Published: July 2020

Introducción. La pimienta es una especie de la familia de la Piperaceae, originaria de la Costa de Malabar, situada en Kerala al sur de la India. En Costa Rica, las principales plantaciones de pimienta se localizan desde Upala hasta Talamanca, e incluye toda la franja costera y la parte baja de Sarapiquí. Según estudios de factibilidad, el país cuenta con el potencial para producir pimienta con altos parámetros de calidad. Sin embargo, las enfermedades vasculares son una de las principales limitantes del cultivo.Objetivo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue el aislamiento e identificación molecular y morfológica de las especies de Fusarium asociadas al cultivo de la pimienta (Piper nigrum L.) en2 de las principales zonas productoras del país. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron treinta muestras de plantas enfermas de distintas fincas en las zonas de Sarapiquí y Guatuso, se describieron detalladamente los síntomas observados en el sistema radical y/o la base del tallo para cada una de las plantas recolectadas. Los veintiún aislamientos de Fusarium spp. obtenidos se identificaron molecularmente con la secuenciaparcial del gen Factor de Elongación 1α (EF-1α)y para la identificación morfológica se utilizaron los medios de cultivo PDA y Carnation Leaf-piece Agar (CLA). Resultados y conclusiones. Se confirmó la presencia de Fusarium oxysporum en las muestras provenientes de Sarapiquí, así como la presencia de Fusarium solani en ambas zonas muestreadas. Se reporta por primera vez, la presencia de las especies Fusarium concentricum y Fusarium proliferatum asociadas a la marchitez vascular.
Correlaciones genéticas en arveja (Pisum sativum L.) ti´po afila
Authors: Riascos Delgado Marcela Elizabeth , Checa Coral Oscar Eduardo 
Published: July 2020

Introducción. La arveja es un cultivorentable en el departamento de Nariño el cualrepresenta el 43% de la producción de arveja en
Colombia involucrando alrededor de 8000 personas agricultoras dedicadas a su producción en
vaina verde. Los agricultores utilizan variedadescon altos costos de producción, lo que requierebuscar una mejor rentabilidad del cultivo. Elgrupo de investigación en Cultivos Andinos de
la Universidad de Nariño obtuvo 21 líneas avanzadas de arveja con gen afila (af). Estas líneas
presentan características fenotípicas apropiadas
para mejorar la eficiencia de los actuales sistemas de tutorado. Objetivo. Determinar los efectos directos e indirectos que están presentes en
las correlaciones genéticas entre el rendimientoy sus componentes, para aportar a la selecciónpor rendimiento en genotipos de arveja con gen
afila. Materiales y métodos. Las 21 líneas fueron evaluadas en un diseño de bloques al azar
con arreglo en parcelas divididas, la parcelaprincipal fueron las densidades y la subparcelalos genotipos. Los resultados se sometierona análisis de varianza y se determinaron las
correlaciones genéticas entre los componentes derendimiento. Para establecer los efectos directose indirectos de los diferentes componentes sobre
el rendimiento, se efectuó un análisis de Sendero. Resultados. El 73% de las correlaciones
genéticas entre los componentes de rendimientofueron significativas. Peso de cien granos verdes(PCGV) y número de vainas por planta (NVP)correspondieron a las variables con mayor efecto
directo. Conclusión. El análisis de correlaciones genéticas indicó que es posible seleccionar
genotipos con mayor peso de vaina a partir de lalongitud de sus vainas. Los efectos directos NVPY PCGV fueron los de mayor aporte y confirmansu utilidad en la selección por rendimiento.
Análisis comparativo de precios y costos de producción de hortalizas cultivadas de manera orgánica y convencional
Authors: Arce Quesada Silvia Elena 
Published: July 2020

Introducción. La presente investigaciónes el primer esfuerzo identificado en Costa Rica,
que concreta una comparación de costos de producción entre hortalizas orgánicas y convencionales. El proyecto permitió visibilizar los precios
de venta, costos unitarios y márgenes de ganancia de los productos seleccionados y los comparó
entre ambos esquemas de producción. Objetivo.Esclarecer las causas asignables a la diferenciaen precios de venta y costos de producción entre
6 hortalizas orgánicas y su homólogo convencional. Materiales y métodos. Se formuló un cues-tionario para consultar a 2 grupos de productores,
uno conformado por 10 productores de hortalizas orgánicas y otro por 10 productores dedicados a la producción convencional. Se formularon
19 preguntas cerradas sobre costos de inversión, costos de producción, ingresos, relación
costo-beneficio. Las hortalizas seleccionadasfueron culantro (Coriandrum sativum), lechuga(Lactuca sativa), papa (Solanum tuberosum),
zanahoria (Daucus carota), apio (Apium graveolens) y brócoli (Brassica oleracea). Los datos
registrados fueron agrupados por costos de producción y precio de venta en ferias del agricultor.
Resultados. El precio de venta de los productos
orgánicos por unidad comercializada fue superior al de prácticas convencionales en todos los
casos. Se logró determinar que la diferenciaporcentual en precios para zanahoria fue de28,57%, apio 40%, 25% para culantro, 53,33%para papa, 33,33% para lechuga y 66,67% parabroccoli. Además, se evidenció que los productosconvencionales presentaron mayor costo total de
producción con respecto a los productos orgánicos, esto es un 41,70% superior para zanahoria,
65,18% para apio, 29,03% para culantro, 34,78%para papa, 16,65% para lechuga y 44,91% para
brócoli. Conclusiones. Las actividades con prác-ticas convencionales expusieron costos superiores, debido a la demanda y compra de insumos
externos y a la utilización de métodos de tránsito
y rodaje de maquinaria, mientras que la producción orgánica propone baja dependencia de compra de insumos externos, ya que los requeridos
son generados fundamentalmente en la propiafinca y los productores llevan a cabo prácticasque promueven la salud del agroecosistema, labiodiversidad y los ciclos biológicos.
Intensidad de pastoreo y fertilización nitrogenada sobre la altura de Lolium multiflorum Lam. En un sistema de integración agricultura-ganadería
Authors: Beltran Barriga Pablo Antonio , Corrêa de Lima Rosangela , Brugnara Soares André , Simioni Assmann Tangriani , Canaza Cayo Ali William 
Published: July 2020

Introducción. La intensidad de pastoreo y la fertilización nitrogenada en sistemas
integrados agricultura-ganadería (SIAG) constituyen los factores que influyen en la productividad de las pasturas y como consecuencia
repercuten indirectamente sobre la producciónanimal. Objetivo. El objetivo de la investigaciónfue evaluar el efecto de la intensidad de pastoreoy la fertilización nitrogenada sobre la altura delryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. ‘Winter
Star’) en SIAG. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizó un diseño bloques completamente al azar con
arreglo factorial 2 x 2 x 5, con 3 repeticiones.El primer factor fue intensidad de pastoreo con2 niveles: alta altura (AA=25 cm) y baja altura(BA=10 cm). El segundo factor fertilizaciónnitrogenada: con nitrógeno aplicado al pasto(NP) en el invierno y N aplicado en el cultivode granos (NG) en el verano (frejol), ambas endosis de 200 kg.ha-1 de N. El tercer factor fueel periodo de evaluación (5 periodos). Se utilizó
ryegrass italiano. Resultados. Se observó un leveaumento de la altura y heterogeneidad del pastoen la medida que la planta se desarrolló entre el
primer y quinto periodo, en todos los tratamientos. En el tratamiento AANP, se observó mayor
homogeneidad del pasto y un porcentaje mayorde las alturas (entre 10 y 25 cm), sin embargo,una menor homogeneidad con los tratamientosBANG y BANP en los que se detectó una mayorárea con alturas menores al límite crítico inferior(10 cm). Conclusión. Se concluyó que una menor
intensidad de pastoreo y fertilización nitrogenada, ofrece una mayor altura de pasto ryegrass y
una adecuada ganancia de peso de los animalesen el SIAG.
Exploring physiotherapists’ use of clinical practice guidelines, screening, and stratification tools for people with low back pain in New Zealand
Authors: Hill Julia , Bedford John , Houston David , Reid Duncan A. , Baxter G. David , Ellis Richard 
Published: July 2020

Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability in New Zealand and is associated with significant treatment and societal costs. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for LBP increasingly recommend the use of screening and stratification tools to aid the early identification of psychosocial factors that can contribute to chronic LBP. This survey of New Zealand physiotherapists examined their use of CPGs, screening, and stratification tools in clinical practice, and identified their perceived barriers to using these tools. In total, 228 physiotherapists completed the survey. Over half of the respondents (53%) regularly used CPGs for LBP in clinical practice, with the Accident Compensation Corporation's New Zealand Acute Low Back Pain Guide being the most commonly used guideline (84%). Most (94%) respondents reported screening people with LBP for psychosocial factors; 37% used formal screening tools and 22% used risk stratification tools. Key perceived barriers to using CPGs, screening, and stratification tools included lack of training and exposure, time constraints, and lack of resources. An analysis using chi-square tests revealed significant associations (p < 0.05) between the use of screening tools, and postgraduate qualifications and years of experience. Further research is required to better understand whether a stratified model of care for LBP may be implemented in New Zealand and the supports required to ensure the success of such a model.
Different eGFR Decline Thresholds and Renal Effects of Canagliflozin: Data from the CANVAS Program
Authors: Oshima Megumi , Neal Bruce , Toyama Tadashi , Ohkuma Toshiaki , Li Qiang , de Zeeuw Dick , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Fulcher Gregory , Canovatchel William , Matthews David R. , Perkovic Vlado 
Published: July 2020

Significance Statement
Traditionally, clinical trials studying effects of new therapies on renal outcome use the doubling of serum creatinine (equivalent to a 57% eGFR reduction) as an end point, requiring large sample sizes. Use of lesser eGFR reductions has been proposed, but few studies have evaluated their reliability. In this post hoc study of two multicenter, randomized trials, a greater number of observed events resulted from use of 50%, 40%, and 30% eGFR reductions compared with a 57% eGFR reduction. Observed effect sizes for canagliflozin versus placebo were attenuated when lesser eGFR reductions were used, likely because of canagliflozin’s acute effect on eGFR. However, if analyses control for this acute effect, lesser eGFR decline thresholds may be preferred to identify renoprotective effects of potential therapies because much smaller sample sizes can be used.

Background
Traditionally, clinical trials evaluating effects of a new therapy with creatinine-based renal end points use doubling of serum creatinine (equivalent to a 57% eGFR reduction), requiring large sample sizes.

Methods
To assess whether eGFR declines <57% could detect canagliflozin’s effects on renal outcomes, we conducted a post hoc study comparing effects of canagliflozin versus placebo on composite renal outcomes using sustained 57%, 50%, 40%, or 30% eGFR reductions in conjunction with ESKD and renal death. Because canagliflozin causes an acute reversible hemodynamic decline in eGFR, we made estimates using all eGFR values as well as estimates that excluded early measures of eGFR influenced by the acute hemodynamic effect.

Results
Among the 10,142 participants, 93 (0.9%), 161 (1.6%), 352 (3.5%), and 800 (7.9%) participants recorded renal outcomes on the basis of 57%, 50%, 40%, or 30% eGFR reduction, respectively, during a mean follow-up of 188 weeks. Compared with a 57% eGFR reduction (risk ratio [RR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.34 to 0.77), the effect sizes were progressively attenuated when using 50% (RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.83), 40% (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.86), or 30% (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.93) eGFR reductions. In analyses that controlled for the acute hemodynamic fall in eGFR, effect sizes were comparable, regardless of whether a 57%, 50%, 40%, or 30% eGFR reduction was used. Estimated sample sizes for studies on the basis of lesser eGFR reductions were much reduced by controlling for this early hemodynamic effect.

Conclusions
Declines in eGFR <57% may provide robust estimates of canagliflozin’s effects on renal outcomes if the analysis controls for the drug’s acute hemodynamic effect.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:
CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS), NCT01032629 and CANVAS-R, NCT01989754.
Experimental Study of the Features of Moral Concepts and Moral Regulation of Behavior of Children with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Shcherbakova A.M. , Lykova N.S. 
Published: July 2020

The article focuses on the problem of development of moral sphere of personality of children with intellectual disability (mild mental retardation) in the context of development of their life competence. Personal outcomes are considered as one of the most important indicators of the formation of life competence. Particular attention is paid to the moral development of children with intellectual disability.	The results of an experimental study of the characteristics of moral perceptions and behavior of younger students with mental retardation of 9-10 years old brought up in different conditions - family and institutional are presented. Students of a comprehensive school with a normotypic development were also involved. The sample was 76 people. A study was made of the moral position, and on this basis the prediction of one's own behavior and the behavior of others in solving moral dilemmas, as well as the actual behavior of the child in a situation of moral choice.
Physiological and Psychological Effects of Hatha Yoga: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Arpita  
Published: July 2020

The word "yoga" is commonly used to refer specifically to Hatha yoga stretching postures or generally to Hatha yoga programs that also include certain relaxation,breathing and meditation practices.Such programs, however, represent only certain aspects of the comprehensive system that comprises the physical, psychological,philosophical, and spiritual components of yoga. In the generic sense, yoga means the practical aspect of a philosophy, — its methods and application. More specifically, it refers to the philosophical view of the world and the individual described in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali and related texts.
The Gentle Loving Rehab of Yoga,with Ayurveda
Authors: Hansen Patricia , Knox Hansa 
Published: July 2020

People seek the benefits of private Yoga sessions for many reasons, including structural problems, stress,mental, emotional, and spiritual concerns, or a preference for one-on-one instruction. Others seek to deepen their Yoga experience because something has awakened during a yogâsana class. This is a natural unfoldment of the individual in the context of the classical darshana(system) of Yoga. Yoga is an ancient tradition that has been used by human beings for centuries to experience wholeness and health on every level of their being, and these individuals are seeking therapeutic assistance from Yoga, also known as yoga-cikitsâ, or Yoga therapy.
The intention of this paper is to present an overview of the vast array of tools available through the traditions of Yoga and Ayurveda to support the individual therapeutic application of Yoga. Yoga-cikitsâ encompasses every level of the body-mind, and we feel that Yoga teachers and therapists need to integrate all of the available tools to best work with the whole person.
Disability, Yoga, and Transformation
Authors: Newborn Barbara 
Published: July 2020

Life-threatening illness throws many survivors into chaos, dramatically altering and affecting their lives. They are physically and mentally forced out of their daily living routine to figure out other ways of doing things. Everything around them is falling apart. They feel cut off—physically and mentally isolated—without having any sense of belonging. The situation, however, does not have to remain tragic. Disability and illness can teach us about ourselves.
The methods of Yoga provide opportunities for this transformation. Yoga teaches survivors how to live through a physical and emotional crisis. It offers a practical method for working with their bodies and their minds. In this journey a new consciousness can develop and then tragedy can transform itself. This process will eventually lead survivors from a confusing state to a clear understanding of all elements of their lives. Persons of disability will then see themselves as whole and healthy human beings.
Here is how, as a stroke survivor, Yoga transformed me.
Headstand for Rotator Cuff Tear: Shîrshâsana or Surgery
Authors: Fishman Loren , Konnoth Caroline , Polesin Alena 
Published: July 2020

Objective: Pilot study to demonstrate and explain the enabling effects of headstand and chair-supported headstand in the clinical management of patients with rotator cuff tear, also known as rotator cuff syndrome (RCS).Design: Prospective, unblinded single exposure study with repeated-measures design.Setting: Private outpatient medical office.Participants: Ten patients meeting clinical criteria for rotator cuff syndrome (RCS). MRI confirmed severe or total thickness tear of either the supraspinatus or infraspinatus muscles or both.Intervention: Participants were taught a version of shîrshâsana (headstand), and remained in the inverted position for 30 seconds. Participants practiced the inversion for 30 seconds once a day for six weeks thereafter.Data: Patients were tested for maximal voluntary abduction and flexion of the neutrally positioned arm, then rated their pain on maximal abduction before and after being taught a version of headstand, and at a six-week follow-up.Outcome Measures: Immediate (post-headstand) and six-week change in function, measured by active range of abduction and flexion of the neutrally positioned arm. Immediate (post-headstand) and six-week change in pain during abduction, measured by a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS).Results: Mean voluntary abduction and flexion increased from 85 degrees each to 158 degrees and 162 degrees respectively. Mean VAS pain rating during abduction fell from 4.8/10 to 1.2/10.Further Investigation: Electromyographic (EMG) interference pattern changes showed that the subscapularis, anterior and lateral deltoid, and rhomboid major were significantly more active electrophysiologically during headstand, and in abduction and flexion following headstand, than in abduction and flexion performed prior to headstand. MRI confirmed subscapularis activation in post-headstand shoulder abduction.Conclusions: Headstand and a chair-supported version of headstand appear to improve function in the upper extremity after rotator cuff injury. EMG suggests that the subscapularis holds down the head of the humerus while the deltoid abducts the shaft. Using these two muscles together for abduction and flexion, in place of the supraspinatus, appears to be learned through brief exposure to a version of headstand.