bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of dysregulated glutamine metabolism in human glioma tissue with 1H NMR
Authors: Ekici Selin , Risk Benjamin B. , Neill Stewart G. , Shu Hui-Kuo , Fleischer Candace C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGliomas are one of the most common types of brain tumors. Given low survival and high treatment resistance rates, particularly for high grade gliomas, there is a need for specific biomarkers that can be used to stratify patients for therapy and monitor treatment response. Recent work has demonstrated that metabolic reprogramming, often mediated by inflammation, can lead to an upregulation of glutamine as an energy source for cancer cells. As a result, glutamine pathways are an emerging pharmacologic target. The goal of this pilot study was to characterize changes in glutamine metabolism and inflammation in human glioma samples and explore the use of glutamine as a potential biomarker. 1H high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were acquired from ex vivo glioma tissue (n = 16, grades II–IV) to quantify metabolite concentrations. Tumor inflammatory markers were quantified using electrochemiluminescence assays. Glutamate, glutathione, lactate, and alanine, as well as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8, increased significantly in samples from grade IV gliomas compared to grades II and III (p ≤ .05). Following dimension reduction of the inflammatory markers using probabilistic principal component analysis, we observed that glutamine, alanine, glutathione, and lactate were positively associated with the first inflammatory marker principal component. Our findings support the hypothesis that glutamine may be a key marker for glioma progression and indicate that inflammation is associated with changes in glutamine metabolism. These results motivate further in vivo investigation of glutamine as a biomarker for tumor progression and treatment response.
The effect of gadolinium-based contrast agent administration on magnetic resonance fingerprinting-based T1 relaxometry in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Sushentsev Nikita , Kaggie Joshua D. , Buonincontri Guido , Schulte Rolf F. , Graves Martin J. , Gnanapragasam Vincent J. , Barrett Tristan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMagnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is a rapidly developing fast quantitative mapping technique able to produce multiple property maps with reduced sensitivity to motion. MRF has shown promise in improving the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer but requires further validation as part of a prostate multiparametric (mp) MRI protocol. mpMRI protocol mandates the inclusion of dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) imaging, known for its significant T1 shortening effect. MRF could be used to measure both pre- and post-contrast T1 values, but its utility must be assessed. In this proof-of-concept study, we sought to evaluate the variation in MRF T1 measurements post gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) injection and the utility of such T1 measurements to differentiate peripheral and transition zone tumours from normal prostatic tissue. We found that the T1 variation in all tissues increased considerably post-GBCA following the expected significant T1 shortening effect, compromising the ability of MRF T1 to identify transition zone lesions. We, therefore, recommend performing MRF T1 prior to DCE imaging to maintain its benefit for improving detection of both peripheral and transition zone lesions while reducing additional scanning time. Demonstrating the effect of GBCA on MRF T1 relaxometry in patients also paves the way for future clinical studies investigating the added value of post-GBCA MRF in PCa, including its dynamic analysis as in DCE-MRF.
Entangled N-photon states for fair and optimal social decision making
Authors: Chauvet Nicolas , Bachelier Guillaume , Huant Serge , Saigo Hayato , Hori Hirokazu , Naruse Makoto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSituations involving competition for resources among entities can be modeled by the competitive multi-armed bandit (CMAB) problem, which relates to social issues such as maximizing the total outcome and achieving the fairest resource repartition among individuals. In these respects, the intrinsic randomness and global properties of quantum states provide ideal tools for obtaining optimal solutions to this problem. Based on the previous study of the CMAB problem in the two-arm, two-player case, this paper presents the theoretical principles necessary to find polarization-entangled N-photon states that can optimize the total resource output while ensuring equality among players. These principles were applied to two-, three-, four-, and five-player cases by using numerical simulations to reproduce realistic configurations and find the best strategies to overcome potential misalignment between the polarization measurement systems of the players. Although a general formula for the N-player case is not presented here, general derivation rules and a verification algorithm are proposed. This report demonstrates the potential usability of quantum states in collective decision making with limited, probabilistic resources, which could serve as a first step toward quantum-based resource allocation systems.
The pathophysiology of bile acid diarrhoea: differences in the colonic microbiome, metabolome and bile acids
Authors: Sagar Nidhi M. , Duboc Henri , Kay Gemma L. , Alam Mohammad T. , Wicaksono Alfian N. , Covington James A. , Quince Christopher , Kokkorou Margarita , Svolos Vaios , Palmieri Lola J. , Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Walters Julian R. F. , Arasaradnam Ramesh P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBile acid diarrhoea (BAD) is a common disorder resulting from increased loss of bile acids (BAs), overlapping irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS-D). The gut microbiota metabolises primary BAs to secondary BAs, with differing impacts on metabolism and homeostasis. The aim of this study was to profile the microbiome, metabolic products and bile acids in BAD. Patients with BAD diagnosed by SeHCAT testing, were compared with other IBS-D patients, and healthy controls. Faecal 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis was undertaken. Faecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured. BAs were quantified in serum and faeces. Faecal bacterial diversity was significantly reduced in patients with BAD. Several taxa were enriched compared to IBS-D. SCFA amounts differed in BAD, controls and IBS-D, with significantly more propionate in BAD. Separation of VOC profiles was evident, but the greatest discrimination was between IBS-D and controls. Unconjugated and primary BA in serum and faeces were significantly higher in BAD. The faecal percentage primary BA was inversely related to SeHCAT. BAD produces dysbiosis, with metabolite differences, including VOC, SCFA and primary BAs when compared to IBS-D. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of BAD.
High-efficiency solar thermoelectric conversion enabled by movable charging of molten salts
Authors: Chang Chao , Wang Zongyu , Fu Benwei , Ji Yulong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSolar energy as an abundant renewable resource has been investigated for many years. Solar thermoelectric conversion technology, which converts solar energy into thermal energy and then into electricity, has been developed and implemented in many important fields. The operation of solar–thermal–electric conversion systems, however, is strongly affected by the intermittency of solar radiation, which requires installation of thermal storage subsystems. In this work, we demonstrated a new solar–thermal–electric conversion system that consists of a thermoelectric converter and a rapidly charging thermal storage subsystem. A magnetic-responsive solar–thermal mesh was used as the movable charging source to convert incident concentrated sunlight into high-temperature heat, which can induce solid-to-liquid phase transition of molten salts. Driven by the external magnetic field, the solar–thermal mesh can move together with the receding solid–liquid interface thus rapidly storing the harvested solar–thermal energy within the molten salts. By connecting with a thermoelectric generator, the harvested solar–thermal energy can be further converted into electricity with a solar–thermal–electric energy conversion efficiency up to 2.56%, and the converted electrical energy can simultaneously light up more than 40 orange-colored LEDs. In addition to stable operation under sunlight, the charged thermal storage subsystem can release the stored heat and thus enables the solar–thermal–electric system to continuously generate electricity after removal of solar illumination.
Mechanism of contraction rhythm homeostasis for hyperthermal sarcomeric oscillations of neonatal cardiomyocytes
Authors: Shintani Seine A. , Washio Takumi , Higuchi Hideo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe heart rhythm is maintained by oscillatory changes in [Ca2+]. However, it has been suggested that the rapid drop in blood pressure that occurs with a slow decrease in [Ca2+] preceding early diastolic filling is related to the mechanism of rapid sarcomere lengthening associated with spontaneous tension oscillation at constant intermediate [Ca2+]. Here, we analyzed a new type of oscillation called hyperthermal sarcomeric oscillation. Sarcomeres in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes that were warmed at 38–42 °C oscillated at both slow (~ 1.4 Hz), Ca2+-dependent frequencies and fast (~ 7 Hz), Ca2+-independent frequencies. Our high-precision experimental observations revealed that the fast sarcomeric oscillation had high and low peak-to-peak amplitude at low and high [Ca2+], respectively; nevertheless, the oscillation period remained constant. Our numerical simulations suggest that the regular and fast rthythm is maintained by the unchanged cooperative binding behavior of myosin molecules during slow oscillatory changes in [Ca2+].
Coherent combining of self-cleaned multimode beams
Authors: Fabert Marc , Săpânțan Maria , Krupa Katarzyna , Tonello Alessandro , Leventoux Yann , Février Sébastien , Mansuryan Tigran , Niang Alioune , Wetzel Benjamin , Millot Guy , Wabnitz Stefan , Couderc Vincent 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA low intensity light beam emerges from a graded-index, highly multimode optical fibre with a speckled shape, while at higher intensity the Kerr nonlinearity may induce a spontaneous spatial self-cleaning of the beam. Here, we reveal that we can generate two self-cleaned beams with a mutual coherence large enough to produce a clear stable fringe pattern at the output of a nonlinear interferometer. The two beams are pumped by the same input laser, yet are self-cleaned into independent multimode fibres. We thus prove that the self-cleaning mechanism preserves the beams’ mutual coherence via a noise-free parametric process. While directly related to the initial pump coherence, the emergence of nonlinear spatial coherence is achieved without additional noise, even for self-cleaning obtained on different modes, and in spite of the fibre structural disorder originating from intrinsic imperfections or external perturbations. Our discovery may impact theoretical approaches on wave condensation, and open new opportunities for coherent beam combining.
Artificial intelligence algorithm for detecting myocardial infarction using six-lead electrocardiography
Authors: Cho Younghoon , Kwon Joon-myoung , Kim Kyung-Hee , Medina-Inojosa Jose R. , Jeon Ki-Hyun , Cho Soohyun , Lee Soo Youn , Park Jinsik , Oh Byung-Hee 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRapid diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) using electrocardiography (ECG) is the cornerstone of effective treatment and prevention of mortality; however, conventional interpretation methods has low reliability for detecting MI and is difficulty to apply to limb 6-lead ECG based life type or wearable devices. We developed and validated a deep learning-based artificial intelligence algorithm (DLA) for detecting MI using 6-lead ECG. A total of 412,461 ECGs were used to develop a variational autoencoder (VAE) that reconstructed precordial 6-lead ECG using limb 6-lead ECG. Data from 9536, 1301, and 1768 ECGs of adult patients who underwent coronary angiography within 24 h from each ECG were used for development, internal and external validation, respectively. During internal and external validation, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the DLA with VAE using a 6-lead ECG were 0.880 and 0.854, respectively, and the performances were preserved by the territory of the coronary lesion. Our DLA successfully detected MI using a 12-lead ECG or a 6-lead ECG. The results indicate that MI could be detected not only with a conventional 12 lead ECG but also with a life type 6-lead ECG device that employs our DLA.
Alpha lipoic acid attenuates ER stress and improves glucose uptake through DNAJB3 cochaperone
Authors: Diane Abdoulaye , Mahmoud Naela , Bensmail Ilham , Khattab Namat , Abunada Hanan A. , Dehbi Mohammed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPersistent ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and failure of the heat shock response (HSR) are fundamental hallmarks of insulin resistance (IR); one of the early core metabolic aberrations that leads to type 2 diabetes (T2D). The antioxidant α-lipoic acid (ALA) has been shown to attenuate metabolic stress and improve insulin sensitivity in part through activation of the heat shock response (HSR). However, these studies have been focused on a subset of heat shock proteins (HSPs). In the current investigation, we assessed whether ALA has an effect on modulating the expression of DNAJB3/HSP40 cochaperone; a potential therapeutic target with a novel role in mitigating metabolic stress and promoting insulin signaling. Treatment of C2C12 cells with 0.3 mM of ALA triggers a significant increase in the expression of DNAJB3 mRNA and protein. A similar increase in DNAJB3 mRNA was also observed in HepG2 cells. We next investigated the significance of such activation on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and glucose uptake. ALA pre-treatment significantly reduced the expression of ER stress markers namely, GRP78, XBP1, sXBP1 and ATF4 in response to tunicamycin. In functional assays, ALA treatment abrogated significantly the tunicamycin-mediated transcriptional activation of ATF6 while it enhanced the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and Glut4 translocation. Silencing the expression of DNAJB3 but not HSP72 abolished the protective effect of ALA on tunicamycin-induced ER stress, suggesting thus that DNAJB3 is a key mediator of ALA-alleviated tunicamycin-induced ER stress. Furthermore, the effect of ALA on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is significantly reduced in C2C12 and HepG2 cells transfected with DNAJB3 siRNA. In summary, our results are supportive of an essential role of DNAJB3 as a molecular target through which ALA alleviates ER stress and improves glucose uptake.
Zur Wirksamkeit sprachfördernder Frühinterventionen bei Late Talkers: Eine Metaanalyse
Authors: Daniels Rosali , Fanselow Anne , Egert Franziska 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungEtwa 10–20 % der Zweijährigen gelten als sogenannte Late Talkers (LT) und haben ein erhöhtes Risiko Sprachentwicklungsstörungen zu entwickeln. Frühinterventionen zielen darauf ab, die sprachlichen Rückstände bereits vor dem dritten Geburtstag zu behandeln und werden von Eltern, pädagogischen Fachkräften oder Therapeuten*innen durchgeführt. Ziel der Metaanalyse ist es, die Wirksamkeit von Frühinterventionen auf die sprachlichen Fähigkeiten vor 36 Monaten zu analysieren. Die systematische Literatursuche für den Zeitraum 2008 bis 2018 ergab 2191 Treffer. Nach einem Qualitätsscreening durch zwei unabhängige Reviewerinnen fanden sich 5 qualitativ hochwertige Studien mit Daten von 443 LT. Es zeigten sich signifikante aggregierte Effekte von g = 0,48 für den expressiven Wortschatz und g = 0,83 für die Syntax sowie von g = 0,40 für die Gesamtwirkung der Frühinterventionen. Insbesondere Studien aus Deutschland erzielten mittlere bis große Effekte und weisen auf die Bedeutsamkeit einer frühen Behandlung hin.
Vom Reißbrett in die Praxis – Wie funktioniert stationsäquivalente Behandlung in München?
Authors: Boyens Josefine , Hamann Johannes , Ketisch Eva , Brieger Peter 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Nachdem es zur Stationsäquivalenten Behandlung (StäB) gemäß § 115d SGB V bisher kaum Daten gibt, geben wir einen Überblick, wie die Umsetzung in München erfolgt ist, wie sich Patientenkohorte und Therapiegestaltung zusammensetzen und für wen diese Alternative zum stationären Aufenthalt geeignet ist.
Methodik Es folgte eine deskriptive statistische Auswertung des Patientenkollektivs der ersten 13 Monate der StäB des Isar-Amper-Klinikums München
Ergebnisse Bei 164 Behandlungsfällen wurden 50 % der Patienten direkt „von außen“ in die StäB aufgenommen, die anderen 50 % von Stationen zuverlegt. Mehr als 75 % hatten Diagnosen aus dem Bereich affektiver und schizophrener Erkrankungen, mit vielen Patientinnen im Wochenbett. Im Verlauf gab es wenige Notfälle, meistens wurde die Therapie regulär beendet. Bei Entlassung befanden sich die meisten Patienten aus ärztlicher Perspektive in gebessertem Zustand. Der Schweregrad der Erkrankung entsprach dem stationär behandelter Patienten.
Schlussfolgerung StäB konnte erfolgreich umgesetzt werden und ist eine Ergänzung bzw. Alternative zu stationärer Behandlung. Dabei zeigten sich besondere Bedarfe, bei denen StäB besonders indiziert war, z. B. Mutter-Kind-Behandlung.
Gesundheitsökonomische Aspekte der Corona-Krise in der Schweiz: Resultate des COVID-19 Social Monitor
Authors: Höglinger Marc , Brunner Beatrice , Stucki Michael , Wieser Simon 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungNach Ausbruch der Corona-Pandemie wurde in der Schweiz Mitte März ein landesweiter Lockdown beschlossen. Dieser hatte extreme Auswirkungen auf das soziale Leben und die Gesundheitsversorgung. Der COVID-19 Social Monitor zeigt einige dieser gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen über die Zeit des Lockdowns und danach auf. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in der akuten Phase des Lockdowns zwischen rund 50 % (Hausärzte) und über 90 % (Zahnärzte) der medizinischen Behandlungen nicht beansprucht wurden. Ausserdem brach die Arbeitsproduktivität massiv ein. Während des vollen Lockdowns lagen die Produktivitätsverluste bei durchschnittlich 46 %. Mit der schrittweisen Aufhebung des Lockdowns ab Ende April normalisierte sich die Lage weitgehend.
Rollen und Arbeitsinhalte von Peers und Expertinnen und Experten durch Erfahrung in Praxis, Bildung, Entwicklung und Forschung in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Burr Christian , Rother Katja , Elhilali Laila , Winter Andréa , Kozel Bernd , Weidling Katja , Zuaboni Gianfranco 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie Erfassen der Arbeitsinhalte, Rollen und Aufgaben von Peers in psychiatrischen Dienstleistungen in der Deutschschweiz.Methode Fragebogengestützte Umfrage bei Peers in der Deutschschweiz.Ergebnisse Die meisten Befragten gaben an, in Bereichen zu arbeiten, die sich auf die Behandlung von Menschen mit Psychosen und affektive Erkrankungen spezialisiert haben und im direkten Kontakt mit Betroffenen tätig zu sein. Als Kernaspekt ihrer Tätigkeit wurde am häufigsten das „Brücken bauen“ zwischen Betroffenen und Fachpersonen genannt und das Vermitteln von Zuversicht, Empowerment aber auch Unterstützung beim Symptom- und Krankheitsmanagement wurde als Arbeitsaktivität angegeben. Die Mehrheit der Befragten verfügen über Stellenbeschreibungen, die mit ihren Tätigkeiten übereinstimmen.Schlussfolgerungen Für Anbieter psychiatrischer Dienstleistungen besteht die Herausforderung, die neue Berufsgruppe der Peers möglichst gut zu integrierten ohne ihre Nähe zu den Betroffenen oder ihre möglicherweise auch kritische Perspektive gegenüber der bestehenden Praxis zu schwächen.
Bessere Arbeitsbedingungen in der Pflege
Authors: Fajardo Annemarie 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Pflegebevollmächtigte der Bundesregierung Andreas Westerfellhaus hat die Notwendigkeit zur Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen erkannt und Ende 2018 das „Pilotprojekt zur Umsetzung guter Arbeitsbedingungen in der Pflege“ ins Leben gerufen. Hier mehr zur Umsetzung.
Effectiveness of Kinaesthetic Exercise program on Position Sense, Pain, and Disability in Chronic Neck Pain Patients with Cervical Spondylosis – A Randomized Comparative Trial
Authors: Reddy Ravi Shankar Yerragonda , Maiya Arun G , Rao Sharath Kumar , Alahmari Khalid A , Tedla Jaya Shanker , Kandakurti Praveen Kumar , Kakaraparthi Venkata Nagaraj 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground Chronic neck pain (CNP) is a significant health problem with only a few evidence-based treatment options. There is growing evidence for the effectiveness of kinaesthetic rehabilitation in musculoskeletal disorders. This study aims to assess kinaesthetic exercise programs' efficacy on cervical position sense, pain, and disability in subjects with cervical spondylosis (CS).Methods CNP subjects (>3 months) with a diagnosis of CS were randomly assigned to either a study group (n=125) who received kinesthetic exercises or to a comparative group (n=125) who received isometric neck exercises and deep cervical flexor (DCF) strengthening exercises. Both group subjects participated in the individualized training program for 24 sessions in 6 weeks. The outcome measures were cervical joint position errors (JPE’s) in flexion, extension, rotation left and right, pain intensity, and neck disability.Results All outcomes were improved significantly from baseline to post 24 sessions of intervention. When compared between groups, there was a significant reduction in JPE’s in flexion (mean difference [MD]= 071, CI=0.22–1.20, p=0.001), extension (MD=1.26, CI=0.70–1.81, p< 0.001) and right rotation (MD=1.08, CI=0.58–1.58, p<0.001), pain intensity (MD=1.58, CI=1.09–2.08, p<0.001), and neck disability (MD=10.27, CI=7.42–13.12, p<0.001) after 24 sessions of intervention favoring the study group.Conclusion Study group subjects who received kinesthetic rehabilitation showed more significant improvements in terms of improved proprioception, decreased pain intensity and disability following 24 sessions of interventions compared with the comparative group.
Bioactive Isocedrenes from Perezia multiflora
Authors: Bourgeade-Delmas Sandra , André-Barrès Christiane , Lucas Jeanne , Trinel Manon , Castillo Pareja Denis , Jullian Valérie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFour isocedrenes (1 – 4), including one new compound (2), were isolated from an ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Perezia multiflora by bioactivity-guided fractionation. For compounds 1 and 3, a revised stereochemical assignment is proposed based on molecular modeling studies using DFT-NMR calculations. Antiparasitic activity of the four compounds was evaluated using an in vitro culture of Plasmodium falciparum and axenic amastigotes of Leishmania infantum. IC50 values ranged from 0.81 to 16.1 µM (P. falciparum) and 0.16 to 2.03 µM (L. infantum). Toxicity was evaluated against J774A.1 mouse macrophages or human macrophages generated from THP-1 monocytic cells (IC50 values ranging from 0.16 to 2.64 µM). Compound 4 exhibited weak selectivity against P. falciparum with a selectivity index (SI = CC50/IC50) of 3. No selectivity was observed for compounds 1 – 3 against both parasites.