bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing the Topological Zero Mode and Tamm Mode in a Microwave Waveguide Array
Authors: Chen Tao , Yu Ye , Song Yiwen , Yu Dong , Ye Hongmei , Xie Jingya , Shen Xiaopeng , Pan Yiming , Cheng Qingqing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model has been the subject of extensive experimental research in the context of topological photonics. Ideally, the on‐site potential and hopping strength are sufficiently accurate for implementation in photonic coupled waveguide arrays. Here, two localized edge modes, the topological zero mode and trivial Tamm mode, are proposed and demonstrated in the modified SSH model using a microwave photonic waveguide array. The system used is composed of an array of evanescently coupled ultrathin corrugated metallic “H‐bar” waveguides. Furthermore, the differences between the zero mode and Tamm mode are clearly demonstrated by microwave near‐field experiments on the coupling behavior along the propagation direction for 40 cm at the excitation frequency of 17 GHz. These findings should deepen the understanding of localized edge mode confinement mechanisms, both in coupled waveguide array systems and other topological or quantum systems.
Photoinduced Radical Borylation of Alkyl Bromides Catalyzed by 4‐Phenylpyridine
Authors: Zhang Li , Wu Zhong‐Qian , Jiao Lei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUtilizing pyridine catalysis, we developed a visible‐light‐induced transition‐metal‐free radical borylation reaction of unactivated alkyl bromides that features a broad substrate scope and mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies revealed a novel nucleophilic substitution/photoinduced radical formation pathway, which could be utilized to trigger a variety of radical processes.
Proton Intercalation/De‐Intercalation Dynamics in Vanadium Oxides for Aqueous Aluminum Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Zhao Qing , Liu Luojia , Yin Jiefu , Zheng Jingxu , Zhang Duhan , Chen Jun , Archer Lynden A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding cation (H+, Li+, Na+, Al3+, etc.) intercalation/de‐intercalation chemistry in transition metal compounds is crucial for the design of cathode materials in aqueous electrochemical cells. Here we report that orthorhombic vanadium oxides (V2O5) supports highly reversible proton intercalation/de‐intercalation reactions in aqueous media, enabling aluminum electrochemical cells with extended cycle life. Empirical analyses using vibrational and x‐ray spectroscopy are complemented with theoretical analysis of the electrostatic potential to establish how and why protons intercalate in V2O5 in aqueous media. We show further that cathode coatings composed of cation selective membranes provide a straightforward method for enhancing cathode reversibility by preventing anion cross‐over in aqueous electrolytes. Our work sheds light on the design of cation transport requirements for high‐energy reversible cathodes in aqueous electrochemical cells.
Photosynthetic Tumor Oxygenation by Photosensitizer‐Containing Cyanobacteria for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Huo Minfeng , Wang Liying , Zhang Linlin , Wei Chenyang , Chen Yu , Shi Jianlin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSustained tumor oxygenation is of critical importance during type‐II photodynamic therapy (PDT), which depends on the intratumoral oxygen level for the generation of reactive oxygen species. Herein, the modification of photosynthetic cyanobacteria with the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (ce6) to form ce6‐integrated photosensitive cells, termed ceCyan, is reported. Upon 660 nm laser irradiation, sustained photosynthetic O2 evolution by the cyanobacteria and the immediate generation of reactive singlet oxygen species (1O2) by the integrated photosensitizer could be almost simultaneously achieved for tumor therapy using type‐II PDT both in vitro and in vivo. This work contributes a conceptual while practical paradigm for biocompatible and effective PDT using hybrid microorganisms, displaying a bright future in clinical PDT by microbiotic nanomedicine.
Defect‐Directed Growth of Symmetrically Branched Metal Nanocrystals
Authors: Smith Joshua D. , Bladt Eva , Burkhart Joseph A. C. , Winckelmans Naomi , Koczkur Kallum M. , Ashberry Hannah M. , Bals Sara , Skrabalak Sara E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBranched plasmonic nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted much attention due to electric field enhancements at their tips. Seeded growth provides routes to NCs with defined branching patterns and, in turn, near‐field distributions with defined symmetries. Here, a systematic analysis was undertaken in which seeds containing different distributions of planar defects were used to grow branched NCs in order to understand how their distributions direct the branching. Characterization of the products by multimode electron tomography and analysis of the NC morphologies at different overgrowth stages indicate that the branching patterns are directed by the seed defects, with the emergence of branches from the seed faces consistent with minimizing volumetric strain energy at the expense of surface energy. These results contrast with growth of branched NCs from single‐crystalline seeds and provide a new platform for the synthesis of symmetrically branched plasmonic NCs.
Molecular Bridges Stabilize Graphene Oxide Membranes in Water
Authors: Zhang Mengchen , Mao Yangyang , Liu Guozhen , Liu Gongping , Fan Yiqun , Jin Wanqin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent innovations highlight the great potential of two‐dimensional graphene oxide (GO) films in water‐related applications. However, undesirable water‐induced effects, such as the redispersion and peeling of stacked GO laminates, greatly limit their performance and impact their practical application. It remains a great challenge to stabilize GO membranes in water. A molecular bridge strategy is reported in which an interlaminar short‐chain molecular bridge generates a robust GO laminate that resists the tendency to swell. Furthermore, an interfacial long‐chain molecular bridge adheres the GO laminate to a porous substrate to increase the mechanical strength of the membrane. By rationally creating and tuning the molecular bridges, the stabilized GO membranes can exhibit outstanding durability in harsh operating conditions, such as cross‐flow, high‐pressure, and long‐term filtration. This general and scalable stabilizing approach for GO membranes provides new opportunities for reliable two‐dimensional laminar films used in aqueous environments.
NMR Characterization of Surface Receptor Protein Interactions in Live Cells Using Methylcellulose Hydrogels
Authors: Mateos Borja , Sealey‐Cardona Marco , Balazs Katja , Konrat Judith , Staffler Guenther , Konrat Robert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInteractions of transmembrane receptors with their extracellular ligands are essential for cellular communication and signaling and are therefore a major focus in drug discovery programs. The transition from in vitro to live cell interaction studies, however, is typically a bottleneck in many drug discovery projects due to the challenge of obtaining atomic‐resolution information under near‐physiological conditions. Although NMR spectroscopy is ideally suited to overcome this limitation, several experimental impairments are still present. Herein, we propose the use of methylcellulose hydrogels to study extracellular proteins and their interactions with plasma membrane receptors. This approach reduces cell sedimentation, prevents the internalization of membrane receptors, and increases cell survival, while retaining the free tumbling of extracellular proteins.
Polyurethane Thermosets Using Lipidic Poly(α‐Hydroxyketone)
Authors: Briou Benoit , Vu Nam Duc , Caillol Sylvain , Robin Jean‐Jacques , Duguet Nicolas , Lemaire Marc , Etienne Pascal , Bonnet Laurent , Lapinte Vincent 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLipidic polyols based on α‐hydroxyketone reactive groups were investigated for polyurethane thermosets. The reactivity of this peculiar secondary alcohol group in triacylglycerol structure was compared, without use of catalyst, to that of poly(1,2‐diol) triacylglycerol and castor oil to demonstrate the influence of ketone in the α position of the alcohol group in the presence of HDI for the urethanization rate. The kinetic effect of the ketone group was also studied on various lipidic architectures: mono(α‐hydroxyketone) ester, di(α‐hydroxyketone) diester and tri(α‐hydroxyketone) triacylglycerol. The presence of hydrogen bonds in the network coming from urethane, residual alcohol, and ketone in hard segments of PU was discussed and correlated with the thermal stability and the soft mechanical properties of the resulting polyurethane thermosets.
A comparative study on the nucleation, growth, and agglomeration kinetics of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal in circulating fluidized‐bed crystallizer
Authors: Zheng Dan , Zou Wei , Yan Jie , Peng Chuanfeng , Fu Yuhang , Li Bo , Zeng Li 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe crystallization in a fluidized‐bed crystallizer has recently received increasing interest for separation and purification of crystals. Past investigations on potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystallization mainly focused on process efficiency and thermodynamics and less on kinetics. In this paper, the fluidized crystallization technology is used to investigate a KDP crystallization process. The mechanisms involved in crystal formation have been explored by observation of a continuous withdrawal of a suspension containing target crystals having certain size distribution. The crystallization process of KDP is researched to investigate the key parameters (suspension density [MT], solution supersaturation [ΔC], and fluid shear force [expressed by circulation flow rate; Re]) influencing crystal growth, nucleation, and agglomeration process. Three proposed crystallization kinetic models about crystals growth, nucleation, and agglomeration rates are developed and validated against data from the fluidized‐bed crystallizer. Taking advantage of multivariate nonlinear regression analysis, crystallization kinetic parameters are obtained by adopting the kinetic model in fluidized‐bed crystallization process. The comparative research of three crystallization kinetic rates is also studied. The results indicated that the parameters given by the kinetic mathematics model fit well with the experimental data. The error rate between the experimental and calculated value is also controlled within a reasonable range.
Synthesis and chemical properties of polyethyleneimines crosslinked by penta‐2,4‐dienylideneammonium unit
Authors: Yamaguchi Isao , Matsumoto Yudai , Miyoshi Kiyotaka , Wang Aohan 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe reaction of N‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)pyridinium anion (salt(A); A = Cl−, FeCl4−, and (CN)2N−) with linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI; Mn = 20 380) and branched polyethyleneimines (BPEI1; Mn = 600, BPEI2; Mn = 10 000) at various molar feed ratios without using a catalyst resulted in pyridinium ring opening to yield ionic LPEI and BPEIs that were crosslinked by conjugated penta‐2,4‐dienylideneammonium (PDA) units, LPEI‐PDA, BPEI1‐PDA, and BPEI2‐PDA, respectively. A model compound was synthesized by the reaction of salt(Cl) with diethylamine. The solubilities of BPEI1‐PDA and BPEI2‐PDA depended on the feed ratios between salt(Cl) and BPEI1 or BPEI2. Dipping LPEI‐PDA into water and methanol yielded hydro‐ and organogels, respectively. UV–vis and reflection measurements revealed an expanded π‐conjugation length between the polymer chains due to the through‐space orbital interaction of the electrons on the two nitrogen atoms at the crosslinked positions in LPEI‐PDA, BPEI1‐PDA, and BPEI2‐PDA. Cyclic voltammetry analysis suggested that the polymers underwent electrochemical oxidation. Measurement using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) indicated that LPEI‐PDA having FeCl4− anions was paramagnetic. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48712.
Micro‐tomographic characterization of composite recycled glass‐silicone foams for applications in civil engineering
Authors: Calabrese Luigi , Scalici Tommaso , Khaskhoussi Amani , Proverbio Edoardo , Valenza Antonino 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTNoninvasive X‐ray micro‐computed tomography was applied for a complete quantitative and qualitative analysis of the cellular structure of composite foams constituted by a silicone matrix and a glass production waste filler. Composite foams with different glass filler weight content in the range 0–80% were synthesized and characterized. The tomographic analysis was employed in order to assess the structural heterogeneities, void fraction values, and bubble size distribution for all composite foams. The 3D micro‐CT images analysis, performed at different cross‐sections, highlighted heterogeneous cell growth or more elongated cells in the case of low and high filler content foams, respectively. Batch with 60% of glass filler was identified as a composite foam with effective void fraction values and relatively uniform spheroidal cellular structure (average sphericity 0.723 and diameter 0.107 mm). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48718.
Explaining library user loyalty through perceived service quality: What is wrong?
Authors: Soares‐Silva Danilo , de Moraes Gustavo Hermínio Salati Marcondes , Cappellozza Alexandre , Morini Cristiano 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study validates the adaptation of a loyalty scale for the library scenario and recovers the hierarchical nature of the perceived service quality (PSQ) by operationalizing it as a second‐order level construct, composed by the determinants of service quality (DSQ) identified by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry in 1985. Our hypothesis was that DSQ are distinct and complementary dimensions, in opposition to the overlapping of DSQ proposed in the SERVQUAL and LibQUAL+® models. In addition, the influence of PSQ on user loyalty (UL) was investigated. Using structural equation modeling, we analyzed the survey data of 1,028 users of a network of academic libraries and report 2 main findings. First, it was shown that the 10 DSQ are statistically significant for the evaluation of PSQ. Second, we demonstrated the positive effect of PSQ for UL. The model presented may be used as a diagnostic and benchmarking tool for managers, coordinators, and librarians who seek to evaluate and/or assess the quality of the services offered by their libraries, as well as to identify and/or manage the loyalty level of their users.
Epidemiologic trends and geographic distribution of esophageal cancer in Canada: A national population‐based study
Authors: Cattelan Leila , Ghazawi Feras M. , Le Michelle , Lagacé François , Savin Evgeny , Zubarev Andrei , Gantchev Jennifer , Tomaszewski Marcel , Sasseville Denis , Waschke Kevin , Litvinov Ivan V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal cancer can be subdivided into two main histological subtypes with significant variability in their etiology and epidemiology. The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) is increasing across the developed countries, whereas the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is declining. Several risk factors have been identified in the pathogenesis of each subtype, however, their epidemiologic characteristics and distribution throughout Canada remain poorly understood.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of demographic data across Canada from 1992 to 2010 using two independent population‐based cancer registries. The incidence of esophageal cancer, for each subtype, was examined at the levels of provinces/territories, cities, and postal codes.ResultsA total of 19 790 patients were diagnosed with esophageal cancer in Canada between 1992 and 2010; 74% were males. The average national incidence rate was 33.5 cases per million individuals per year. Incidence of esophageal AC increased over time, with notable high‐incidence rates on the Vancouver Island, the coasts of the Great Lakes, and the coasts of the Northumberland Strait in the Maritimes. The overall incidence of esophageal SCC has decreased. However, high incidence of esophageal SCC was detected in the Vancouver city, rural eastern Québec, and in the Maritimes. We also report clustering for each subtype using postal codes, which sheds light onto new avenues of research for potential environmental etiologies.ConclusionsThis study, for the first time, provides a detailed analysis on the burden of esophageal cancer in Canada, revealing important geographic clustering trends.
Promoter hypermethylation of the CFTR gene as a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker of breast cancer
Authors: Liu Kaisheng , Dong Fajin , Gao Hengyuan , Guo Yaomin , Li Haili , Yang Fang , Zhao Pan , Dai Yong , Wang Jianhong , Zhou Wenbin , Zou Chang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBreast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths among women. New biomarkers with definite diagnostic and prognostic efficacy are urgently needed. Here, we showed that the promoter of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) was hypermethylated in breast cancer. The messenger RNA level of CFTR was downregulated in breast cancer. Notably, all 19 breast cancer patients with hypermethylated CFTR were diagnosed with invasive carcinoma. Moreover, CFTR was upregulated in decitabine (10 μM) treated breast cancer cells. Overexpression of CFTR inhibited cell growth whereas knockdown of CFTR promoted cell invasion. In the tissue array analysis, the CFTR protein level decreased significantly in breast cancer and low CFTR protein level correlated with poor survival with a P‐value of 0.034. Thus, promoter hypermethylation of the CFTR gene might be a novel diagnostic marker of breast cancer.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation on MoO2/BiOCl Composite
Authors: Xiao Cailin , Wang Haipeng , Zhang Ling , Sun Songmei , Wang Wenzhong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractConverting N2 into NH3 under mild conditions is a great challenge because of the highly stable N≡N bond and the difficult chemisorption of N2 at the active site. Herein, we report that MoO2/BiOCl composites realized excellent photocatalytic nitrogen fixation efficiency when water was used proton source. The strong interaction between BiOCl nanoplates and MoO2 nanosheets regulated the electronic structure of the interface and provided active sites for the catalytic reaction. The Mo−O−Bi bonds formed at the interface of MoO2 and BiOCl worked as the bridge of electrons, facilitating the separation and migration of photo‐generated charge carriers. In addition, the interface of MoO2/BiOCl composite also promoted the adsorption and activation of N2, substantially enhanced N2 reduction. As a result, ammonia production rate of 35 μmol g−1 h−1 was achieved, which is 8‐fold higher than that of pristine BiOCl and 6‐fold higher than that of MoO2. This work presents a feasible route to design the nanocomposites with better performance for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation.
A two‐layer ensemble learning framework for data‐driven soft sensor of the diesel attributes in an industrial hydrocracking process
Authors: Wang Yalin , Wu Dongzhe , Yuan Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the hydrocracking process, it is of great significance to timely measure the product attributes for real‐time process control and optimization. However, they are often very difficult to measure online due to technical and economical limitations. To this end, soft sensor is introduced to predict product attributes through easy‐to‐measure process variables, with the advantages of low cost, fast response, and ease of maintenance. In this paper, a two‐layer ensemble learning framework is developed for soft sensing of three diesel attributes in an industrial hydrocracking process. In this modeling framework, the process variables are first divided into subspace blocks according to process topological structure to capture the local behaviors of different production cells. Then, to overcome the weak generalization ability of a single calibration model with specific hypothesis, different regression learners are constructed on each variable subblock to increase the model diversity. At last, individual models are fused to improve the prediction performance and generalization ability of soft sensor models. The effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed ensemble learning method is validated on a real industrial hydrocracking process.
Mechanical characterization and out‐of‐plane behavior of fabric‐reinforced cementitious matrix overlay on clay brick masonry
Authors: Türkmen Ömer S. , de Vries Boy T. , Wijte Simon N. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe mechanical behavior of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) fabric‐reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) overlay on clay brick masonry was characterized by means of double‐shear bond, tensile, and out‐of‐plane tests. Different bond lengths in the range 55‐250 mm were analyzed during the double‐shear bond tests. The failure mechanism was slippage of the CFRM mesh, with peak stresses in the fabric around 500 N/mm2 per 100 mm bond length. Tensile tests were performed following AC434.13 with FRCM coupons of 10 and 15 mm thickness, where the mechanical behavior was divided into three stages. The four‐point bending experiments on FRCM‐reinforced prisms showed that the CFRP mesh provided significant added value in both moment capacity (>110%) and deformation capacity (>2800%), when compared to specimens reinforced with solely a cementitious matrix. Additionally, no significant difference was observed between the envelope of the cyclically tested specimen and the statically loaded specimens. A model was proposed where, in contrast to existing design models, the influence of the cementitious matrix layer also was considered. Using the modified tensile test results as input parameters for the model, a good estimation of the experimental results was obtained.
Expanding the Electrochemical Window: New Tunable Aryl Alkyl Ionic Liquids (TAAILs) with Dicyanamide Anions
Authors: Lerch Swantje , Strassner Thomas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA set of new tunable aryl alkyl ionic liquids (TAAILs) based on the 1‐aryl‐3‐alkyl imidazolium motif has been synthesized, in which the following variables were systematically changed: alkyl chain length, aryl substitution (group and position), and counter ion. TAAILs with dicyanamide (DCA) and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (N(SO2CF3)2, NTf2) anions showed remarkable differences of their physical properties: NTf2 ionic liquids were found to have high decomposition temperatures and viscosities well below those of the DCA TAAILs. In contrast, the dicyanamide anion increased the electrochemical stability leading to TAAILs with an extremely wide electrochemical window of up to 7.17 V. Additionally, both classes of TAAILs extract transition metals from aqueous solutions: TAAILs with the DCA anion extract both platinum and copper while TAAILs with the NTf2 anion are selective towards platinum. This demonstrates that minor changes of the molecular structure lead to TAAILs with drastically changed physicochemical properties.