bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of unintentional injury among left‐behind children in mainland China: Evidence from epidemiological surveys
Authors: Juan Jiang , Weijun Ling , Guifeng Huang , Xiaojing Guo , Zhaoxia Chen , Li Su 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundLeft‐behind children have become a particular concern in mainland China, and unintentional injury among these children has attracted increasing attention. This review aims to present the prevalence of unintentional injury among left‐behind children and subgroups in mainland China.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using four Chinese and two English databases. The included publications were cross‐sectional studies in mainland China, of which the population was recruited according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Information was collected using self‐administered questionnaires. The risk of bias was estimated using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology, and pooled prevalence was estimated through the DerSimonian‐Laird proportion method.ResultsThis review included 34 cross‐sectional studies consisting 58,348 left‐behind children in mainland China. Results showed that the pooled prevalence of unintentional injury was 38.24% (95% confidence interval (CI): 28.40–48.08) among left‐behind children. The prevalence was higher among left‐behind children (38.76%) than among non‐left‐behind children (27.94%), with an odds ratio of 1.65 (95% CI: 1.47–1.85). Furthermore, the prevalence of injury was higher among boys (39.12%) than among girls (28.61%), with an odds ratio of 1.58 (95% CI: 1.41–1.77). Falls had the highest prevalence of 20.79% among the types of unintentional injury. Furthermore, home was the occurrence location with the highest prevalence (16.20%). No significant difference in injury prevalence was observed among left‐behind children without accompanying parents and those with single parent accompanying them.ConclusionsThis review showed a relatively high injury prevalence among left‐behind children in mainland China. Boys had a higher prevalence than girls. Falls had the highest prevalence, and home was the most common occurrence location.
Fuzzy local ternary pattern and skin texture properties based countermeasure against face spoofing in biometric systems
Authors: Kavitha P. , Vijaya K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEvaluation of facial skin texture properties is very demanding and noticeable due to its optimum resource constraint along with reduced processing expenditure. Traditionally, the local binary pattern (LBP) and the variations are accepted for analyzing the skin for liveness detection. LBP descriptor, which is the most dominant algorithm, has its own limitations of not working excellent on images with noise. Texture properties contain variations in skin features like wrinkles. LBP organizes the feature extraction for specified texture to extract the variation between normal and abnormal. In applications such as surveillance, the images are captured by remote cameras and transmitted to control room. The images shall be affected by transmission noises. Transmission noises are varied under the transmission of texture features quality, contrast based pixel coordinates. Thus, in the proposed work, the effectiveness of fuzzy local ternary pattern (FLTP) as a substitute LBP and LTP is presented. It is used to find uncertainty principles of texture image, which are trained from the local databases. Moreover, FLTP embraces Weber's law that fuses the features to wipe out the predetermined threshold setting in LTP. The proposed approach was analyzed on various publicly available databases pertaining to this domain. Furthermore the proposed system was tested with University Putra Malaysia (UPM) face spoof database. The outcomes obtained from the projected FLTP texture descriptor achieved most proper exactness and outflanked the LBP and LTP surface descriptors.
Documentation of Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) space use and move persistence in the northern Gulf of Mexico facilitated by angler advocates
Authors: Drymon J. Marcus , Jargowsky Matthew B. , Dance Michael A. , Lovell Mitchell , Hightower Crystal LouAllen , Jefferson Amanda E. , Kroetz Andrea M. , Powers Sean P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAtlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus, hereafter tarpon) are facing a multitude of stressors and are considered Vulnerable by the IUCN; however, significant gaps remain in our understanding of tarpon space use and movement. From 2018 to 2019, citizen scientists facilitated tagging of 23 tarpon with SPOT tags to examine space use and movement across the northern Gulf of Mexico. Movement‐based kernel densities were used to estimate simplified biased random bridge‐based utilization distributions and a joint move persistence model was used to estimate a behavioral index for each fish. Tarpon showed consistent east–west movement from the Alabama/Florida border to Louisiana, and utilization distributions were highest in the Mississippi River Delta. Move persistence was highest in Alabama and Mississippi and lowest in Louisiana. Our examination of tarpon space use and movement indicates that Louisiana is a critical, yet understudied, part of their range.
Back to the Root? Immigrant Farmers, Ethnographic Romanticism, and Untangling Food Sovereignty in Western Oregon
Authors: Korsunsky Alex 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImmigrants—especially those from farmworker or campesino backgrounds—have gained attention as promising recruits for a new generation of sustainable farmers. Nonprofits promoting this aspirational vision of food justice link sustainability to empowered workers and communities of color, and to the preservation or revival of (agri)cultural traditions. I present findings from ongoing research showing that Oregon nonprofit food sovereignty initiatives training Mexican immigrant farmers have achieved successes as cultural, community building, and educational programs, but have struggled to produce viable farm businesses. I contrast these farmers with the less ecologically oriented and less self‐consciously “cultural” immigrant farmers who work without organizational support in the same region, and who find an aspirational agrarian good life in more conventional agricultural practices. I argue that activist and academic formulations of food sovereignty linking peasant heritage, sustainability, labor rights, and immigration justice may lead scholars to overstate immigrant farmers' actual propensity for "alternative" agriculture and ignore those immigrant farmers who fail to conform to this ideal.
Infected thrombus in a Fontan circulation
Authors: Fritche‐Salazar Juan Francisco , Meléndez‐Ramírez Gabriela , Arias‐Godínez José Antonio , Ruiz‐Esparza Ma. Eugenia , Raymundo‐Martínez Grecia Iveth Maryelis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Fontan operation was introduced in 1968 as a palliative treatment for patients with univentricular heart physiology. Natural history and outcomes are poor. By 10 years after Fontan operation, most patients will develop any complication such as tachyarrhythmias, any spectrum of Fontan‐associated liver disease, protein‐losing enteropathy, heart failure, thrombosis, and infective endocarditis among others. Echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the first‐line diagnostic tools for detecting such complications. Clinical and imaging follow‐up are a mainstay for the evaluation of this patients.
First detection ofBursaphelenchus abietinusandB. andrassyiin Italy
Authors: Torrini Giulia , Paoli Francesco , Mazza Giuseppe , Simoncini Stefania , Strangi Agostino , Guidotti Alessandro , Mori Emiliano , Roversi Pio Federico , Marianelli Leonardo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDuring the annual monitoring surveys for the pinewood nematodes,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,conducted in the Tuscany region (Central Italy) from the year 2015 to 2019, a total of 1,025 wood samples were collected from symptomatic plants in coniferous forests. Among the eightBursaphelenchusspecies found,Bursaphelenchus abietinusandB. andrassyiwere identified through morphological and molecular analysis and recorded for the first time in Italy. Additionally, new associations betweenBursaphelenchusspecies and the host plants or insect vectors have been reported. The generalized linear models performed to investigate the possible relation between the level of coniferous plant decay and the occurrence ofBursaphelenchusnematodes highlighted that the probability of theBursaphelenchuspresence in the samples increased with the degeneration of the phytosanitary state of the tree, the presence of blue stain fungi and different types of insects.
Elite directors, London finance, and British overseas expansion: Victorian railway networks, 1860–1900†
Authors: Amini Shima , Toms Steven 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article considers how international economic expansion impacts on the composition of elite groups on boards of companies. We examine, why, at the height of the British Empire, boards of national, imperial, and international railway companies, financed from London, were dominated by elites drawn differentially from the aristocracy, the military, finance, and politics. To investigate the reasons for these differences, we conduct a social network analysis of railway company boards in three countries during the second half of the nineteenth century. Results reveal that aristocratic directors were dominant in Britain, military directors in India, and financier directors in Argentina, suggesting that their influence drew on local knowledge, resource access, and network connections. They did not serve on boards for merely ornamental purposes.
First field record of an introduced pet‐feeder cockroach, Blaptica dubia (Serville, 1838) (Blattidae, Blaberinae), in a temperate zone of Japan
Authors: Kato Toshihide , Yamasako Junsuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe expansion of the worldwide pet trade has increased the invasion risks from not only exotic pet animals, but also live feeder organisms for predatory pet animals. Here, we report the first field record of a tropical live feeder cockroach, Blaptica dubia (Serville, 1838), in the central part of Japan. This widely traded feeder insect may be able to colonize temperate zones because they were estimated to survive through two winters in Japan at temperatures close to the upper limits of their critical thermal minimum. Further field observations are needed to understand the behavior of this species in the wild and predict the risk of invasion in temperate zones.
Microsatellites for the Neotropical ant,Camponotus leydigi(Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Gonçalves‐Neto Salatiel , Azevedo‐Silva Marianne , Lemos Alessandra S. M. , Souza Anete P. , Oliveira Paulo S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnts (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are dominant social insects that play important ecological roles in terrestrial ecosystems.Camponotus leydigi(Forel) is widely distributed in the Neotropical region and is frequently found in the Brazilian cerrado savanna interacting with plants and other insects. Field observations indicate thatC. leydigihas a polydomous nesting habit, but little is known about the genetic relationship among workers. In this study, we identify the first nine microsatellite loci forC. leydigithat will allow further investigation on its genetic diversity. We used a microsatellite‐enriched library method. According to this method, repetitive sequences are captured with (CT)8and (GT)8biotin‐linked probes, with subsequent recovery by streptavidin magnetic‐coated beads. We observed that eight loci were polymorphic. The mean (± standard error) observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.55 ± 0.23 and 0.73 ± 0.28, respectively. The rarified allelic richness ranged from 1 to 5.32. The polymorphism contents were similar to diversity estimates found in markers previously developed for otherCamponotusants. These markers will be useful for future studies on population genetics and ecology ofCamponotusants in cerrado, including nesting ecology, colony structure, dispersal and conservation.
Current status of COVID‐19 among hemodialysis patients in the East Azerbaijan Province of Iran
Authors: Tayebi Khosroshahi Hamid , Mardomi Alireza , Niknafs Bahram , Farnood Farahnoosh , Shekarchi Mohsen , Salehi Shabnam , Fadaei Haggi Taghi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionManagement of vulnerable patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic requires careful precautions. Hemodialysis patients constitute a large group of at‐risk patients that not only suffer from a compromised immune system but also are at a higher risk due to frequent admission to healthcare units. Therefore, a better understanding on the pathogenesis and possible risk factors of COVID‐19 in hemodialysis patients is of high importance.MethodsA total of 670 maintained hemodialysis patients from all dialysis units of the East Azerbaijan Province of Iran, including 44 COVID‐19 patients were included in the present study. Possible associations between the backgrounds of patients and the incidence of COVID‐19 were assessed. Also, hemodialysis patients with COVID‐19 were compared to 211 nonhemodialysis COVID‐19 patients.FindingsChronic glomerulonephritis patients and those with blood group A demonstrated a higher incidence of COVID‐19. On the other hand, patients with blood group AB+ and those with hypertension etiology of kidney failure demonstrated a lower incidence of COVID‐19. Hemodialysis patients with COVID‐19 had higher counts of polymorphonuclears (PMNs) in their peripheral blood compared to other COVID‐19 patients.DiscussionA better comprehension on the risk factors associated with COVID‐19 in hemodialysis patients can improve our understanding on the pathogenesis of COVID‐19 in different situations and help the enhancement of current therapeutics for COVID‐19 in hemodialysis patients.
Resiliency process and socialization among Palestinian children exposed to traumatic experience: Grounded theory approach
Authors: Harazneh Lobna , Hamdan‐Mansour Ayman M. , Ayed Ahmad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeThe conflict in Palestine is known to be one of the longest ongoing conflicts in the world affecting children with harmful psychological consequences. The purpose of this study was to explore the process of resilience among Palestinian children exposed to psychological trauma due to detention experiences.MethodA qualitative approach utilizing grounded theory design was used. Data collected by a semi‐structured interview format from 18 Palestinian children aged 12–18 years were exposed to detention.ResultsThe study revealed four main categories with focus and initial coding subcategories. Major categories were: revering and honoring the prisoners, normalizing the abnormal situations (positive adaptation), awareness and political socialization during childhood, and developing identity and belonging to the homeland. The results indicated that Palestinian children exposed to political detention had their own positive perception of the trauma and had a high level of posttraumatic maturation.Practice ImplicationThe study concluded that early childhood political awareness, family and community support, sociocultural perception of prisoner children, and sense of belonging improved the ability of detained children to normalize abnormal situations and successfully cope with psychological trauma. So, the study has significant implications for nursing practice in the field of childhood trauma and intervention, it can help nurses working with traumatized children to assess and intervene according to the child's perception about the trauma and ability to cope.
Dietary intervention for the management of hypertension in Asia
Authors: Chang Hao‐Chih , Cheng Hao‐Min , Chen Chen‐Huan , Wang Tzung‐Dau , Soenarta Arieska Ann , Turana Yuda , Teo Boon Wee , Tay Jam Chin , Tsoi Kelvin , Wang Ji‐Guang , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHypertension is among the leading global risks for premature death. As the risks substantially increase along with the elevated blood pressure, a small reduction of blood pressure could have prevented numerous cardiovascular events in general population. Evidence has shown that dietary intervention is a cost‐effective strategy that has been broadly advocated in the published guidelines. However, the implementation could be limited by different food cultures. This review details the mechanisms of each dietary intervention approach, evidence, and the implications in Asian populations, and the perspective of future research.
Clinical utility of skin cancer and melanoma risk scores for population screening: TRoPICS study
Authors: Shetty A. , Janda M. , Fry K. , Brown S. , Yau B. , Schuckmann L. Von , Thomas S. , Rayner J.E. , Spelman L. , Wagner G. , Jenkins H. , Lun K. , Parbery J. , Soyer H.P. , Neale R.E. , Green A.C. , Whiteman D.C. , Olsen C.M. , Khosrotehrani K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundScreening for skin cancer can be cost‐effective if focused on high‐risk groups. Risk prediction tools have been developed for keratinocyte cancers and melanoma to optimize advice and management. However, few have been validated in a clinical setting over the past few years.ObjectivesTo assess the clinical utility of risk assessment tools to identify individuals with prevalent skin cancers in a volunteer‐based screening clinic.MethodsParticipants were adults presenting for a skin check at a volunteer‐based skin cancer screening facility. We used previously published tools, based on questionnaire responses, to predict melanoma and keratinocyte cancers [KCs; basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)] and classified each participant into one of five risk categories. Participants subsequently underwent a full skin examination by a dermatologist. All suspicious lesions were biopsied, and all cancers were histopathologically confirmed.ResultsOf 789 people who presented to the clinic, 507 (64%) consented to the study. Twenty‐two BCCs, 19 SCCs and eight melanomas were diagnosed. The proportion of keratinocyte cancers diagnosed increased according to risk category from <1% in the lowest to 24% in the highest risk category (P < 0.001). Subtype analysis revealed similar proportionate increases in BCC or SCC prevalence according to risk category. However, a similar proportion of melanoma cases were detected in the low‐risk and high‐risk groups.ConclusionThe risk prediction model for keratinocyte cancers can reliably identify individuals with a significant skin cancer burden prior to a skin examination in the community setting. The prediction tool for melanoma needs to be tested in a larger sample exposed to a wider range of environmental risk factors.
Evaluating the correlation between genome‐wide diversity and the release of plastic phenotypic variation in experimental translocations to novel natural environments
Authors: Yates Matthew C. , Fraser Dylan J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhenotypic reaction norms are often shaped and constrained by selection and are important for allowing organisms to respond to environmental change. However, selection cannot constrain reaction norms for environmental conditions that populations have not experienced. Consequently, cryptic neutral genetic variation for the reaction norm can accumulate such that a release of phenotypic variation occurs upon exposure to novel14 conditions. Most genomic diversity behaves as if functionally neutral. Therefore, genome‐wide diversity metrics may correlate with levels of cryptic genetic variation and, as a result, exhibit a positive relationship with a release of phenotypic variation in novel environments. To test this hypothesis, we conducted translocations of juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from 12 populations to novel uninhabited ponds that represented a gradient of environmental conditions. We assessed reaction norms for morphological traits (body size and four morphometric relative warps) across pond environmental gradients and evaluated the effect of genome‐wide heterozygosity on phenotypic variability. All traits displayed plastic reaction norms. Overall, we found some evidence that a release of phenotypic variation consistent with cryptic genetic variation can occur in novel environmental conditions. However, the extent to which this release correlated with average genome‐wide diversity was limited to only one of five traits examined. Our results suggest a limited link between genomic diversity26 and the accumulation of cryptic genetic variation in reaction norms. Similarly, reaction norms were constrained for many of the morphological traits examined. Past conditions may have constrained reaction norms in the putatively novel environments despite significant deviations from contemporary source population habitat. Additionally, as a generalist colonizing species brook trout may exhibit plastic phenotypes across a wide range of environmental conditions.
Regulation of cytoskeleton‐associated protein activities: Linking cellular signals to plant cytoskeletal function
Authors: Lian Na , Wang Xinwei , Jing Yanping , Lin Jinxing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe plant cytoskeleton undergoes dynamic remodeling in response to diverse developmental and environmental cues. Remodeling of the cytoskeleton coordinates growth in plant cells, including trafficking and exocytosis of membrane and wall components during cell expansion, and regulation of hypocotyl elongation in response to light. Cytoskeletal remodeling also has key functions in disease resistance and abiotic stress responses. Many stimuli result in altered activity of cytoskeleton‐associated proteins, microtubule‐associated proteins (MAPs) and actin‐binding proteins (ABPs). MAPs and ABPs are the main players determining the spatiotemporally dynamic nature of the cytoskeleton, functioning in a sensory hub that decodes signals to modulate plant cytoskeletal behavior. Moreover, MAP and ABP activities and levels are precisely regulated during development and environmental responses, but our understanding of this process remains limited. In this review, we summarize the evidence linking multiple signaling pathways, MAP and ABP activities and levels, and cytoskeletal rearrangements in plant cells. We highlight advances in elucidating the multiple mechanisms that regulate MAP and ABP activities and levels, including calcium and calmodulin signaling, ROP GTPase activity, phospholipid signaling, and post‐translational modifications.