bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of water-based cationic polyacrylate copolymer emulsion by RAFT polymerization and its application as an inkjet printing agent
Authors: Su Haojia , Cai Zhengchun , lv Zhengwei , Chen Yongkang , Ji Yongxin 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
In this work, the authors used reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization to develop a new cationic acrylate modified epoxy resin emulsion for water-borne inkjet which have the advantages of both polyacrylate and epoxy resin. The emulsion was successfully used in the canvas coating for inkjet printing. This paper aims to contribute to the development of novel cationic emulsions for inkjet printing industry.

Design/methodology/approach
In this work, the epoxy acrylate was synthesized from RAFT agent and epoxy resin firstly. Cationic macromolecular emulsifier was prepared by RAFT polymerization, using 2,2’-Azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and styrene as monomer, which was directly used to prepare the emulsion. The influences of the amount of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate on particle size, zeta potential and water contact angle were studied. Finally, the cationic emulsion was used to print images by inkjet printing.

Findings
The emulsion has the smallest particle size, the highest potential and the highest water contact angle when the DM content is 13 Wt.%. The transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals the latex particles is core-shell sphere with the diameters in the range 120–200 nm. The emulsion was successfully used in the canvas coating for inkjet printing. This work will contribute to the development of novel cationic emulsions for inkjet printing industry.

Originality/value
The emulsion was successfully used in the canvas coating for inkjet printing. This work will contribute to the development of novel cationic emulsions for inkjet printing industry.
Ethics of relational and representational disclosures in qualitative migration research
Authors: Bell Justyna , Trąbka Agnieszka , Pustulka Paula 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis article engages with the framework of performativity to unpack ethical challenges of interviewing migrants in the setting of shared ethnic background of researchers and participants. From a temporal perspective of shifting contexts from a shared space of the research process, to the post-research reciprocity management, it focusses on the particular aspect of disclosure.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on several qualitative studies performed by the authors as Polish migrant researchers with Polish migrant communities in Norway, Germany and the United Kingdom, the article documents the ethical challenges that come from a shifting “audience” of the research performance.FindingsSpecifically, it discusses how the researchers perform their roles in the field with the focus on rapport building (relational disclosure), to then addressing how this performance changes when the dissemination of findings (representational disclosure) begins and continues over time.Practical implicationsThis article contributes to the long-standing anthropological debate on self-reflection in the field. Also, demythologizing the relations between a researcher and participants, as well as cautioning research by reporting difficulties at different stages of the research process, will likely make it easier for future researchers who may now be better prepared and anticipate the complexities of doing fieldwork. From a temporal perspective, it can also help a broader scientific community avoid pitfalls from presenting unfavourable results prematurely. Thus, the authors hope that this paper may sensitize migration scholars to the possible predicaments in the process of interviewing their co-ethnics.Originality/valueA methodological innovation lies in a clear focus on the cluster of ethical disclosure dilemmas and the article contributes to a lively debate on ethics of “insider research” in migration studies.
Re‐examining Strategic Flexibility: A Meta‐Analysis of its Antecedents, Consequences and Contingencies
Authors: Herhausen Dennis , Morgan Robert E. , Brozović Danilo , Volberda Henk W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStrategic flexibility (SF) is a concept that has evolved from strategy through other disciplines, including management, marketing, innovation, entrepreneurship and operations. However, despite attempts to consolidate the domain of SF, there remain theoretical and empirical tensions underlying its antecedents, the consequences and contingencies. Based on 106 independent samples reported in 98 different studies (n = 26,940 firms), we provide a meta‐analytical examination of these tensions. We highlight and resolve several disagreements regarding the enablers, inhibitors and triggers of SF, and we reveal an adjusted mean performance effect of 0.24. We further find that the measurement of SF, as well as some, but not all, dimensions of the environment, moderate the performance effect. Finally, an explorative analysis reveals that innovation outcomes and market outcomes mediate the positive relationship between SF and financial outcomes, in addition to a negative direct effect. These insights provide a comprehensive and coherent understanding of the nomological network of SF and a stronger basis for further theorizing and conducting empirical research. Moreover, our findings help firms to refine their strategy by implementing the right enablers that drive SF and to understand how and when their investment in SF pays off.
Hungarian Food Manufacturers’ Experiences with the Production of Private Label Products
Authors: Dudás Gyula , Kürthy Gyöngyi , Darvasné Edit Ördög , Székelyhidi Katalin , Radóczné Teréz Kocsis , Takács Eszter , Vajda Ágnes 
Published: June 2020

SummaryPrivate label products encompass all merchandise sold under a retailer's brand, which can be the retailer's own name or a name created exclusively by that retailer. The market share of this product segment has become an essential part of the consumer market in Europe. Food manufacturers adapted to this situation and developed their market strategies in light of this new segment. A survey carried out among 157 Hungarian food manufacturers in 2018 revealed that medium and large‐sized companies are the most likely to be involved in private label food production. The advantages and disadvantages of private label food production were compared with the outcome of similar research in 2010. There was a significant change relating to advantages for manufacturers of private label production between 2010 and 2018. Maintaining or increasing market share became one of the most important advantages in 2018 compared to 2010 when it was a less important factor. This is consistent with the increasing market share of private label food products in Hungary in the last decade. According to our results, the production of private label products did not reduce the level of innovation by food manufacturers, indeed there is evidence that innovation activity increased.
The retrodural space of Okada and its relevance to CT guided intervention
Authors: Croft Michael , Sampson Matthew , Ngo Jenan , Thalluri Anitha , Voyvodic Frank 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe spinal epidural and posterior ligamentous complex spaces are important anatomic regions which are the target of various radiologic procedures in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine for the purpose of analgesia and anaesthesia. Given the frequency with which procedures are performed in and around the epidural space, a sound understanding of the associated anatomy is paramount to ensure the safety and efficacy of procedural intervention.
Noninvasive electrocardiography monitoring for very early recurrence predicts long‐term outcome in patients after atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Yang De‐yan , Cheng Zhong‐wei , Liu Yong‐tai , Gao Peng , Chen Tai‐bo , Deng Hua , Cheng Kang‐an , Fan Jing‐bo , Fang Quan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, and catheter ablation has been shown to be a highly effective treatment for patients with symptomatic AF. Very early recurrence (VER) of AF within 7 days after catheter ablation is common, but the clinical significance of VER remains unclear. We have examined the usefulness of the noninvasive electrocardiography monitor for the detection of VER and the relationship between VER and late recurrence (LR).MethodsEighty‐eight patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation were retrospectively included. All patients underwent primary catheter ablation at a large general hospital between March 2016 and August 2018. All patients were followed up in atrial fibrillation clinic at an interval of every 3 months for late recurrence of AF. VER was evaluated by one‐lead continuous noninvasive electrocardiography monitoring device for 7 days after ablation. The association between VER and LR was analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression model.ResultsMean age was 62.9 ± 9.7 years, and 39.8% were female. Thirty‐two patients (36.4%) experienced VER. After a mean follow‐up of 539.36 ± 211.66 days, 17 patients (19.3%) experienced LR. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed VER was an independent predictor of LR: HR 3.6 (95% CI, 1.2–10.8), p = .020. In addition, diabetes was also associated with LR of atrial fibrillation.ConclusionsNoninvasive electrocardiography monitoring was a useful tool for detecting VER and VER after catheter ablation was associated with LR.
Food allergens in skincare products marketed for children
Authors: Adomaite Ieva , Vitkuviene Angele , Petraitiene Sigita , Rudzeviciene Odilija 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe application of preparations containing food allergens can cause percutaneous sensitization and provocation. The prevalence of food allergens in children's cosmetics is unknown.ObjectivesTo analyse the prevalence of food allergens in skincare products marketed for children and their association with marketing claims and product price.MethodsWe reviewed 276 skincare product ingredient labels for the presence of milk, eggs, wheat, soy, oats, tree nuts, peanuts, and sesame.ResultsMore than one‐third (108; 39.1%) of the products listed at least one allergen. A total of 156 allergens were recorded, of which 65 (41.7%) were almonds, 35 (22.4%) wheat, 24 (15.4%) soy, 16 (10.3%) oats, 13 (8.3%) sesame, 2 (1.3%) milk, and 1 (0.6%) peanuts. Products that claimed to be "natural" or "ecological" were more likely to contain food allergens than those not labelled so (P < .001). The prices were higher for products containing food allergens compared with allergen‐free products (P = .028).ConclusionsFood allergens are prevalent in children's cosmetics, especially those that claim to be natural or ecological. The most incorporated food allergens are almonds, wheat, and soy. Products containing food allergens cost more than allergen‐free ones.
Frequency of extreme freeze events controls the distribution and structure of black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) near their northern range limit in coastal Louisiana
Authors: Osland Michael J. , Day Richard H. , Michot Thomas C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimClimate change is expected to result in the tropicalization of coastal wetlands in the northern Gulf of Mexico, as warming winters allow tropical mangrove forests to expand their distribution poleward at the expense of temperate salt marshes. Data limitations near mangrove range limits have hindered understanding of the effects of winter temperature extremes on mangrove distribution and structure. Here, we investigated the influence of extreme freeze events on the abundance, height and coverage of black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) near their northern range limit in Louisiana.LocationCoastal Louisiana, USA.MethodsWe quantified the relationships between the frequency of extreme freeze events and A. germinans abundance, height and coverage using: (a) mangrove observation points recorded via aerial surveys from a fixed‐wing aircraft; (b) 30 years of temperature data; and (c) mangrove mortality and leaf damage temperature thresholds. We used freeze frequency data and mangrove–climate relationships to evaluate and spatially depict the risk of A. germinans freeze damage across Louisiana.ResultsWe identified strong negative relationships between the frequency of extreme freeze events and A. germinans abundance, height and coverage. Avicennia germinans is most abundant, tall and continuous along the south‐eastern outer coast of Louisiana, where the frequency of extreme freeze events is reduced (i.e., lower risk of mangrove freeze damage) by the buffering effects of comparatively warm Gulf of Mexico waters. Conversely, the risk of A. germinans freeze damage has historically been very high across Louisiana's Chenier Plain and within more inland wetlands in the Deltaic Plain.Main conclusionsOur analyses advance understanding of how the frequency of extreme freeze events controls the distribution, height and coverage of A. germinans near its northern range limit. In addition to informing climate‐smart coastal restoration efforts, our findings can be used to better anticipate and prepare for the tropicalization of temperate wetlands due to climate change.
Roles of motor and cortical activity in sleep rebound in rat
Authors: Wen Yujun , Lv Yudan , Niu Jianguo , Xin Christopher , Cui Li , Vetrivelan Ramalingam , Lu Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSleep pressure that builds up gradually during the extended wakefulness results in sleep rebound. Several lines of evidence, however, suggest that wake per se may not be sufficient to drive sleep rebound and that rapid eye movement (REM) and non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep rebound may be differentially regulated. In this study, we investigated the relative contribution of brain versus physical activities in REM and NREM sleep rebound by four sets of experiments. First, we forced locomotion in rats in a rotating wheel for 4 hr and examined subsequent sleep rebound. Second, we exposed the rats lacking homeostatic sleep response after prolonged quiet wakefulness and arousal brain activity induced by chemoactivation of parabrachial nucleus to the same rotating wheel paradigm and tested if physical activity could rescue the sleep homeostasis. Third, we varied motor activity levels while concurrently inhibiting the cortical activity by administering ketamine or xylazine (motor inhibitor), or ketamine + xylazine mixture and investigated if motor activity in the absence of activated cortex can cause NREM sleep rebound. Fourth and finally, we manipulated cortical activity by administering ketamine (that induced active wakefulness and waking brain) alone or in combination with atropine (that selectively inhibits the cortex) and studied if cortical inhibition irrespective of motor activity levels can block REM sleep rebound. Our results demonstrate that motor activity but not cortical activity determines NREM sleep rebound whereas cortical activity but not motor activity determines REM sleep rebound.
Testing nonlinearity in topological organization of functional brain networks
Authors: Zhang Yan , Lai Dingyao , Han Jiahui , Wang Xuewei , Lin Qiang , Zhao Xiaohu , Hu Zhenghui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAiming to provide an argumentation on the underlying nonlinearity of the overall functional brain network via surrogate data method and graph theory. Taking the functional magnetic resonance imaging data as original data set and then shuffled the time series of each region of interest to generate surrogate data sets, corresponding original network and its 400 surrogates were obtained via computing connectivity matrixes. The results show that both the global correlation level and corresponding small‐world topological characters exhibited obvious differences between the original network and its surrogates. And the following statistical testing results demonstrate their significant distinction, and this topological difference has been proved to be caused by the intrinsic nonlinear dynamics. Accordingly, the nonlinearity of the original functional network and its superior dynamical complexity have been confirmed. The results of this study could provide a novel angle into exploring the underlying mechanism of the neural brain system and offer an essential evidence in explaining complex brain activities.
Keeping Out Extremists: Refugees, Would‐Be Immigrants, and Ideological Exclusion
Authors: de Vries Bouke 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany people want to live in liberal democracies because they are liberal and democratic. Yet it would be mistaken, indeed naïve, to assume that this applies to all would‐be residents. Just as some inhabitants of liberal democracies oppose one or more fundamental liberal‐democratic values and principles (e.g. the rule of law, freedoms of conscience and speech, rights to private property and to political participation), so there are foreign would‐be residents who do so, who might include individuals with e.g. Jihadist, Neo‐Nazi, and radical anarchist views. Proceeding on the assumption that there exists no unconditional moral right to immigrate, this article asks whether it is ever morally permissible for liberal democracies to deny residence to nonnationals based on evidence that they personally hold extremist views. I argue that this is sometimes the case. Specifically, my contention is that even if we adopt a cosmopolitan perspective on which states are not allowed to prioritise the interests of their own citizens and residents over those of foreign nonresidents, there are two conditions under which such exclusions are justified even when refugees are being refused admission (although, as I suggest, states might be morally required in such cases to admit other refugees instead).
Dopamine and cAMP‐regulated phosphoprotein 32kDa (DARPP‐32), protein phosphatase‐1 and cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 expression in ovarian cancer
Authors: Martin Stewart G. , Zhang Siwei , Yang Song , Saidy Behnaz , Deen Suha , Storr Sarah J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDopamine and cyclic‐AMP activated phosphoprotein Mr32kDa (DARPP‐32) is a central signalling protein in neurotransmission. Following DARPP‐32 phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA), DARPP‐32 becomes a potent protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) inhibitor. DARPP‐32 can itself inhibit PKA following DARPP‐32 phosphorylation by cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). Increasing evidence indicates a role for DARPP‐32 and its associated signalling pathways in cancer; however, its role in ovarian cancer remains unclear. Using immunohistochemistry, expression of DARPP‐32, PP1 and Cdk5 was determined in a large cohort of primary tumours from ovarian cancer patients (n = 428, 445 and 434 respectively) to evaluate associations between clinical outcome and clinicopathological criteria. Low cytoplasmic and nuclear DARPP‐32 expression was associated with shorter patient overall survival and progression‐free survival (P = .001, .001, .004 and .037 respectively). Low nuclear and cytoplasmic DARPP‐32 expression remained significantly associated with overall survival in multivariate Cox regression (P = .045, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.734, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.542‐0.993 and P = .001, HR = 0.494, 95% CI = 0.325‐0.749, respectively). High cytoplasmic and nuclear PP1 expression was associated with shorter patient overall survival and high cytoplasmic PP1 expression with shorter progression‐free survival (P = .005, .033, and .037, respectively). High Cdk5 expression was associated with shorter progression‐free survival (P = .006). These data suggest a role for DARPP‐32 and associated signalling kinases as prognostic markers with clinical utility in ovarian cancer.
Ultrasound‐guided poly‐l‐lactic acid nodule excision: The importance of the injector ultrasonographic experience
Authors: Bravo Bruna Souza Felix , de Melo Carvalho Raquel , Souza Eduardo , Vargas Thiago Jeunon De Souza , Bravo Leonardo Gonçalves 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe possibilities for facial and body treatments are wide, but when it comes to treatment for the cervical region, the options are more restricted and among them, the use of poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA) stands out. PLLA is used for collagen biostimulation and improvement of skin turgor with good results; however this procedure is not free of complications, and for the treatment of these, a correct diagnosis is essential. As it is esthetic medicine, the guarantee of results requires that complications are not tolerated, and thus, any resource that enriches the diagnostic and therapeutic arsenal is of great value. The objective of this study is to report the diagnosis of a PLLA nodule with the help of high‐frequency ultrasound, establishing a clinical, radiological, and histopathological correlation, in a patient submitted to PLLA injection for esthetic improvement of the cervical region. We present a case in a female patient presenting a nodule in the cervical region after the application of PLLA, where we performed the excision guided by high‐frequency ultrasound. Mastering the diagnostic technique with high‐frequency ultrasound can play a valuable role in indicating early surgical exeresis, also contributing to complete patient care. It allows the application of the product, monitoring, diagnosis of the complication, and treatment to be carried out dynamically and precisely by the injector.
New topical tranexamic acid derivative for the improvement of hyperpigmentation and inflammation in the sun‐damaged skin
Authors: da Silva Souza Ivan D. , Lampe Lorraine , Winn Daniel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin‐lightening products are used worldwide to treat persistent pigmentation disorders that impact our quality of life and self‐confidence. However, consumers of cosmetic and over‐the‐counter skin lighteners struggle to find products that perform to their expectations. New, safe, and effective bioactives are needed to fill this gap.ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and skin‐lightening performance of a new topical tranexamic acid derivative, that is, cetyl tranexamate mesylate.MethodsThe test material was a facial serum containing 2.0% (w/w) of the new bioactive. Safety was evaluated by a modified Human Repeat Insult Patch Test with 54 subjects of either sex. Performance was objectively assessed based on the improvement of melanin and erythema indexes through time, and also subjectively by photographs and self‐perception questionnaires. Thirty‐five female subjects applied the serum twice a day for 8 weeks.ResultsNo questionable adverse reactions were observed. Melanin and erythema indexes improved significantly and continuously from the baseline to the end of the study (−16.9% and −34.3%, respectively). Photographs further support instrumental data. On average, after 2 weeks, the subjects already noticed an improvement in skin tone (79.3%), a reduction in dark spots (78.6%), and an improvement in facial redness (77.1%).ConclusionA topical serum containing cetyl tranexamate mesylate was well‐tolerated and successfully improved the overall facial skin tone, as well as the appearance of dark spots and redness.