bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
USING RADIOCARBON DATA TO CHRONOLOGICALLY CONTROL POPULATION DENSITY ESTIMATES DERIVED FROM SYSTEMATICALLY COLLECTED INTRA-SETTLEMENT DISTRIBUTIONAL DATA
Authors: Ritchison Brandon T 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTPopulation density is an important variable in the development of social complexity. Estimating population densities from the archaeological record requires combining estimates of population, area, and time. Archaeological population estimates tend to be reported as a maximum population derived from the total accumulation of discrete archaeological material types, usually ceramics or radiocarbon (14C) dates. However, given the palimpsest nature of the archaeological record at recurrently occupied archaeological sites, these maximal, total estimates are, at best, a poor reflection of contemporaneous populations. I present a method for calculating average yearly population densities for occupations at a large, multicomponent site using a combination of distributional data and 60 14C dates. By employing this method at other sites in the same region, modeling intra-regional population dynamics at fine time scales will be possible.
Race politics research and the American presidency: thinking about white attitudes, identities and vote choice in the Trump era and beyond
Authors: Buyuker Beyza , D'Urso Amanda Jadidi , Filindra Alexandra , Kaplan Noah J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHeeding the call of the special issue, we look at the past decade's advances in public opinion studies of our understanding of the relationship between white racial identities, attitudes, and presidential voting preferences. Following a short review of developments in the literature during the Obama years, we critically evaluated four theories explaining whites' support for Trump: racial resentment, xenophobia, sexism, and white identity. Using data from three ANES studies, we test the relative explanatory power of all four approaches in predicting a vote for Trump during the 2016 Republican primary, the 2016 election, and intent to vote for him in 2020. The results suggest that xenophobia had the most consistent effect across all models, followed by racial resentment and sexism. White identity appears to have influenced voting for Trump in the primary and it could also have an impact in the 2020 election, but its effect in the 2016 general election does not appear to have been consistent with theoretical expectations. Finally, we use these results to think critically about the state of the field and propose new questions and challenges for research.
Ecological niche modeling (ENM) ofLeptoglossus clypealisa new potential global invader: following in the footsteps ofLeptoglossus occidentalis?
Authors: Olivera Leonela , Minghetti Eugenia , Montemayor Sara I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe introduction of alien species is one of the main problems in conservation. Many successful invaders cause severe economic and ecological damage. Such is the case ofLeptoglossus occidentalis, a phytophagous true bug native to North America, which has become a pest in Europe, Asia, Africa and South America. Within the genus, another species whose distributional range is expanding toward the east of North America isLeptoglossus clypealis. As climate determines the successful establishment of insects, the identification of climatically suitable areas for invasive species based on ecological niche models (ENMs) offers an excellent opportunity for preventing invasions. In this study, ENMs were built for both species and their native climatic niches were compared. Their niche breath was also measured. The climatic niches of both species are identical and the niche breadth ofL. clypealisis broader than that ofL. occidentalis. In view of the great ecological resemblance between these two species, we believe thatL. clypealiscould became a major pest thus it should be carefully monitored. The results of the present worldwide ENMs showed numerous regions with suitable conditions for the establishment of both species. The future ENMs exhibited a retraction in the suitable areas in North America, Europe and Asia.
THE FINITISTIC DIMENSION AND CHAIN CONDITIONS ON IDEALS
Authors: ZHENG JUNLING , HUANG ZHAOYONG 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLet Λ be an artin algebra and $0=I_{0}\subseteq I_{1} \subseteq I_{2}\subseteq\cdots \subseteq I_{n}$ a chain of ideals of Λ such that $(I_{i+1}/I_{i})\rad(\Lambda/I_{i})=0$ for any $0\leq i\leq n-1$ and $\Lambda/I_{n}$ is semisimple. If either none or the direct sum of exactly two consecutive ideals has infinite projective dimension, then the finitistic dimension conjecture holds for Λ. As a consequence, we have that if either none or the direct sum of exactly two consecutive terms in the radical series of Λ has infinite projective dimension, then the finitistic dimension conjecture holds for Λ. Some known results are obtained as corollaries.
Cognitive Phenotypes of Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Czech Brain Aging Study
Authors: Jester Dylan J. , Andel Ross , Cechová Katerina , Laczó Jan , Lerch Ondrej , Marková Hana , Nikolai Tomás , Vyhnálek Martin , Hort Jakub 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:To compare cognitive phenotypes of participants with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), estimate progression to MCI/dementia by phenotype and assess classification error with machine learning.Method:Dataset consisted of 163 participants with SCD and 282 participants with aMCI from the Czech Brain Aging Study. Cognitive assessment included the Uniform Data Set battery and additional tests to ascertain executive function, language, immediate and delayed memory, visuospatial skills, and processing speed. Latent profile analyses were used to develop cognitive profiles, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate risk of progression. Random forest machine learning algorithms reported cognitive phenotype classification error.Results:Latent profile analysis identified three phenotypes for SCD, with one phenotype performing worse across all domains but not progressing more quickly to MCI/dementia after controlling for age, sex, and education. Three aMCI phenotypes were characterized by mild deficits, memory and language impairment (dysnomic aMCI), and severe multi-domain aMCI (i.e., deficits across all domains). A dose–response relationship between baseline level of impairment and subsequent risk of progression to dementia was evident for aMCI profiles after controlling for age, sex, and education. Machine learning more easily classified participants with aMCI in comparison to SCD (8% vs. 21% misclassified).Conclusions:Cognitive performance follows distinct patterns, especially within aMCI. The patterns map onto risk of progression to dementia.
TRANSIT AFFINITIES
Authors: Purifoye Gwendolyn Y. , Brooms Derrick R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMuch of the scholarship on poor Black urban communities focuses on social disorganization at the neighborhood level and how Blacks experience various institutional inequalities that impact their access to quality education and housing, jobs, and equitable public transportation. But Black social life is not a monolith of chaos, subjugation, and inequalities, nor is it confined to stationary neighborhoods. Black urban life is in fact vibrant, celebratory, and communal. Using two years of ethnographic observations on Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) buses and trains, we highlight the sociality of Black mobile experiences within Black spaces. Specifically, we examine how Blacks, while traveling into and through majority Black communities, form positive intraracial relationships that we refer to as Black transit affinities, which are a type of actively developed, temporal, meaningful interactions that take place on mobile systems. These transit affinities move beyond linked fate and solidarity but are actively formed and have four distinctive features, they are: 1) personal; 2) mutually engaged; 3) actively maintained although interrupted by stops on the bus or train; and, 4) particular to majority-minority areas of the city. These transit affinities are intraracial and were not observed, as defined, interracially or in majority White areas of the city. We do not argue that they are exclusive to Blacks but that they took place among Blacks in Black spaces that have often been ascribed a narrative of disorganization, violence, and social fragmentation.
A Hybrid Lister‐Outrigger Probe for Rapid Marine Geothermal Gradient Measurement
Authors: Hornbach Matthew J. , Sylvester Joshua , Hayward Chris , Kühn Michel , Huhn‐Frehers Katrin , Freudenthal Tim , Watt Sebastian F. L. , Berndt Christian , Kutterolf Steffen , Kuhlmann Jannis , Sievers Carina , Rapp Sophia , Pallapies Kilian , Gatter Ricarda , Hoenekopp Leonie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe have successfully constructed and tested a new, portable, Hybrid Lister‐Outrigger (HyLO) probe designed to measure geothermal gradients in submarine environments. The lightweight, low‐cost probe is 1–3 m long and contains 4–12 semiconductor temperature sensors that have a temperature resolution of 0.002°C, a sample rate of <2 s, and a maximum working depth of ~2,100 m below sea level (mbsl). Probe endurance is continuous via ship power to water depths of ~700 mbsl or up to ~1 week on batteries in depths >500 mbsl. Data are saved on solid‐state disks, transferred directly to the ship during deployment via a data cable, or transmitted via Bluetooth when the probe is at the sea surface. The probe contains an accelerometer to measure tilt, internal pressure, temperature, and humidity gauges. Key advantages of this probe include (1) near‐real‐time temperature measurements and data transfer; (2) a low‐cost, transportable, and lightweight design; (3) easy and rapid two‐point attachment to a gravity corer, (4) short (3–5 min) thermal response times; (5) high temporal/spatial resolution; and (6) longer deployment endurance compared to traditional methods. We successfully tested the probe both in lakes and during sea trials in May 2019 offshore Montserrat during the R/V Meteor Cruise 154/2. Probe‐measured thermal gradients were consistent with seafloor ocean‐drilling temperature measurements. Ongoing probe improvements include the addition of real‐time bottom‐camera feeds and long‐term (6–12 months) deployment for monitoring.
Effect of Geometry and Fluid Viscosity on Dynamics of Fluid‐Filled Cracks: Insights From Analog Experimental Observations
Authors: Cao Haitao , Medici Ezequiel F. , Waite Gregory P. , Askari Roohollah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFluid‐filled volumes in geological systems can change the local stress field in the host rock and may induce brittle deformation as well as crack propagation. Although the mechanisms relating fluid pressure perturbations and seismicity have been widely studied, the fluid‐solid interaction inside the crack of a host rock is still not well understood. An analog experimental model of fluid intrusion in cracks between planar layers has been developed to study stress conditions at the margins and tips. A combined high‐speed shadowgraph and a photoelasticity imaging system is used to visualize the fluid dynamics and induced stresses on the solid matrix. Cavitation, as well as bubble growth and collapse, occurs along the sawtooth crack margins, which produces a highly localized stress concentration to initiate new subcrack systems. The presence of the bubbles at the crack tip during fluid pressure perturbation can enhance crack propagation.
Causes of the Widespread 2019–2020 Australian Bushfire Season
Authors: Deb Proloy , Moradkhani Hamid , Abbaszadeh Peyman , Kiem Anthony S. , Engström Johanna , Keellings David , Sharma Ashish 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe recent bushfires (2019–2020) in New South Wales (NSW) Australia were catastrophic by claiming human and animal lives, affecting ecosystems, destroying infrastructure, and more. Recent studies have investigated relationships between hydroclimatic signals and past bushfires, and very recently, a few commentary papers claimed drought and fuel moisture content as the probable causes for the widespread 2019–2020 bushfires. Therefore, in this study, a novel work of encompassing a wide range of factors attributing to the recent bushfires is presented. Empirical evidence‐based statistical methods are used to identify the hydroclimatic variables and geomorphic characteristics contributing to the 2019–2020 bushfires. The results highlight that ongoing drought, surface soil moisture (SSM), wind speed (WS10), relative humidity (RH), heat waves (HW), dead and live fuel moisture, and certain land cover types create favorable conditions for fire ignition and aid in fire propagation in different regions of the NSW state. The findings suggest that accounting for the above‐identified variables in bushfire prediction and monitoring system are crucial in avoiding such catastrophes in the future. The overarching application of this study is developing robust and more versatile fire protection planning and management.
Quantifying Dynamic Water Storage in Unsaturated Bedrock with Borehole Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Schmidt Logan , Rempe Daniella 
Published: November 2020

AbstractQuantifying the volume of water that is stored in the subsurface is critical to studies of water availability to ecosystems, slope stability, and water‐rock interactions. In a variety of settings, water is stored in fractured and weathered bedrock as rock moisture. However, few techniques are available to measure rock moisture in unsaturated rock, making direct estimates of water storage dynamics difficult to obtain. Here, we use borehole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) at two sites in seasonally dry California to quantify dynamic rock moisture storage. We show strong agreement between NMR estimates of dynamic storage and estimates derived from neutron logging and mass balance techniques. The depths of dynamic storage are up to 9 m and likely reflect the depth extent of root water uptake. To our knowledge, these data are the first to quantify the volume and depths of dynamic water storage in the bedrock vadose zone via borehole NMR.
Microwave Retrievals of Soil Moisture Improve Grassland Wildfire Predictions
Authors: Rigden Angela J. , Powell Robert S. , Trevino Aleyda , McColl Kaighin A. , Huybers Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStatistical analyses of wildfires demonstrate that vapor pressure deficit (VPD) allows for skillful predictions, likely because it reflects fuel moisture content. Soil moisture provides a potentially complimentary measure of water availability but has been less explored because of sparse measurements. Using measurements from the Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite, the predictive skill afforded by using VPD and soil moisture together is explored across the Western United States. Receiver operating characteristic curves estimated from 1,907 fires indicate that inclusion of soil moisture in addition to VPD observations permits for more skillful prediction (p < 0.05). When VPD already signals high risk, the addition of soil moisture reduces the false positive rate grasslands (from 75% to 62%), shrublands (76% to 67%), and forests (74% to 68%) for a true positive rate of 75%. These results show potential to improve daily fire risk models with the addition of remotely sensed soil moisture.
Atmospheric Processing of Nitrophenols and Nitrocresols From Biomass Burning Emissions
Authors: Wang Hongli , Gao Yaqin , Wang Siyuan , Wu Xiaokang , Liu Ying , Li Xin , Huang Dandan , Lou Shengrong , Wu Zhijun , Guo Song , Jing Shengao , Li Yingjie , Huang Cheng , Tyndall Geoffrey S. , Orlando John J. , Zhang Xuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present the analysis of the atmospheric budget of nitrophenols and nitrocresols, a class of nitroaromatics that raise great ecosystem and health concerns due to their phytotoxic and genotoxic properties, during the spring wheat harvest season in Eastern China. Significant quantities with maximum concentrations over 100 pptv and distinct diurnal patterns that peak around midnight and maintain low levels throughout the day were observed, in coincidence with the extensive open crop residue burning activities conducted in the vicinity. An observationally constrained zero‐dimension box model was constructed to assess the relative importance of various production and removal pathways at play in determining the measured surface concentrations. The NO3‐initiated dark chemistry, in concert with meteorological variations predominantly dilution and entrainment, exerts major controls over the observed diurnal behaviors of nitrophenols and nitrocresols. Structural isomerism is predicted to have a significant impact on the multiphase partitioning and chemistry of nitrophenol isomers. Furthermore, simulations show that an appreciable amount of nitrophenols is present in the aerosol water, thereby representing an important source of water‐soluble brown carbon in atmospheric aerosols under the humid subtropical weather prevailing during the campaign. Sensitivity analysis performed on the model parameterizations of reaction schemes helps to further understand the chemistry underlying the diurnal cycles. Implementing NO‐dependent yields of cresols from toluene photooxidation improves the model predictions of nitrocresols at low NO ranges (<1 ppb), thereby underscoring the complexity of the peroxy radical reaction pathways from toluene photooxidation under atmospheric relevant conditions.
Deep brain stimulation for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): emerging or established therapy?
Authors: Wu Hemmings , Hariz Marwan , Visser-Vandewalle Veerle , Zrinzo Ludvic , Coenen Volker A. , Sheth Sameer A. , Bervoets Chris , Naesström Matilda , Blomstedt Patric , Coyne Terry , Hamani Clement , Slavin Konstantin , Krauss Joachim K. , Kahl Kai G. , Taira Takaomi , Zhang Chencheng , Sun Bomin , Toda Hiroki , Schlaepfer Thomas , Chang Jin Woo , Régis Jean , Schuurman Rick , Schulder Michael , Doshi Paresh , Mosley Philip , Poologaindran Anujan , Lázaro-Muñoz Gabriel , Pepper Joshua , Schechtmann Gaston , Fytagoridis Anders , Huys Daniel , Gonçalves-Ferreira Antonio , D’Haese Pierre-François , Neimat Joseph , Broggi Giovanni , Vilela-Filho Osvaldo , Voges Jürgen , Alkhani Ahmed , Nakajima Takeshi , Richieri Raphaelle , Djurfeldt Diana , Fontaine Philippe , Martinez-Alvarez Roberto , Okamura Yasushi , Chandler Jennifer , Watanabe Katsushige , Barcia Juan A. , Reneses Blanca , Lozano Andres , Gabriëls Loes , De Salles Antonio , Halpern Casey H. , Matthews Keith , Fins Joseph J. , Nuttin Bart 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA consensus has yet to emerge whether deep brain stimulation (DBS) for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be considered an established therapy. In 2014, the World Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (WSSFN) published consensus guidelines stating that a therapy becomes established when “at least two blinded randomized controlled clinical trials from two different groups of researchers are published, both reporting an acceptable risk-benefit ratio, at least comparable with other existing therapies. The clinical trials should be on the same brain area for the same psychiatric indication.” The authors have now compiled the available evidence to make a clear statement on whether DBS for OCD is established therapy. Two blinded randomized controlled trials have been published, one with level I evidence (Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score improved 37% during stimulation on), the other with level II evidence (25% improvement). A clinical cohort study (N = 70) showed 40% Y-BOCS score improvement during DBS, and a prospective international multi-center study 42% improvement (N = 30). The WSSFN states that electrical stimulation for otherwise treatment refractory OCD using a multipolar electrode implanted in the ventral anterior capsule region (including bed nucleus of stria terminalis and nucleus accumbens) remains investigational. It represents an emerging, but not yet established therapy. A multidisciplinary team involving psychiatrists and neurosurgeons is a prerequisite for such therapy, and the future of surgical treatment of psychiatric patients remains in the realm of the psychiatrist.
Broad genic repression domains signify enhanced silencing of oncogenes
Authors: Zhao Dongyu , Zhang Lili , Zhang Min , Xia Bo , Lv Jie , Gao Xinlei , Wang Guangyu , Meng Qingshu , Yi Yang , Zhu Sen , Tomoiaga Alin S. , Lee Min Gyu , Cooke John P. , Cao Qi , Chen Kaifu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCancers result from a set of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Most known oncogenes were identified by gain-of-function mutations in cancer, yet little is known about their epigenetic features. Through integrative analysis of 11,596 epigenomic profiles and mutations from >8200 tumor-normal pairs, we discover broad genic repression domains (BGRD) on chromatin as an epigenetic signature for oncogenes. A BGRD is a widespread enrichment domain of the repressive histone modification H3K27me3 and is further enriched with multiple other repressive marks including H3K9me3, H3K9me2, and H3K27me2. Further, BGRD displays widespread enrichment of repressed cis-regulatory elements. Shortening of BGRDs is linked to derepression of transcription. BGRDs at oncogenes tend to be conserved across normal cell types. Putative tumor-promoting genes and lncRNAs defined using BGRDs are experimentally verified as required for cancer phenotypes. Therefore, BGRDs play key roles in epigenetic regulation of cancer and provide a direction for mutation-independent discovery of oncogenes.
Role of specialized composition of SWI/SNF complexes in prostate cancer lineage plasticity
Authors: Cyrta Joanna , Augspach Anke , De Filippo Maria Rosaria , Prandi Davide , Thienger Phillip , Benelli Matteo , Cooley Victoria , Bareja Rohan , Wilkes David , Chae Sung-Suk , Cavaliere Paola , Dephoure Noah , Uldry Anne-Christine , Lagache Sophie Braga , Roma Luca , Cohen Sandra , Jaquet Muriel , Brandt Laura P. , Alshalalfa Mohammed , Puca Loredana , Sboner Andrea , Feng Felix , Wang Shangqian , Beltran Himisha , Lotan Tamara , Spahn Martin , Kruithof-de Julio Marianna , Chen Yu , Ballman Karla V. , Demichelis Francesca , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Rubin Mark A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdvanced prostate cancer initially responds to hormonal treatment, but ultimately becomes resistant and requires more potent therapies. One mechanism of resistance observed in around 10–20% of these patients is lineage plasticity, which manifests in a partial or complete small cell or neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) phenotype. Here, we investigate the role of the mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex in NEPC. Using large patient datasets, patient-derived organoids and cancer cell lines, we identify mSWI/SNF subunits that are deregulated in NEPC and demonstrate that SMARCA4 (BRG1) overexpression is associated with aggressive disease. We also show that SWI/SNF complexes interact with different lineage-specific factors in NEPC compared to prostate adenocarcinoma. These data point to a role for mSWI/SNF complexes in therapy-related lineage plasticity, which may also be relevant for other solid tumors.