bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of critically important antimicrobial classes early in life may adversely impact bacterial resistance profiles during adult years: potential co-selection for plasmid-borne fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance via extended-spectrum beta-lactam use in dairy cattle
Authors: Taylor E.A. , Ossa-Trujillo C. , Vinasco J. , Jordan E.R. , García Buitrago J.A. , Hagevoort R. , Norman K.N. , Lawhon S.D. , Piñeiro J.M. , Levent G. , Scott H.M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes commonly occurs via vertical and horizontal gene transfer, as such genes are often found on the same mobile genetic element. This occurrence can lead to the co-selection of resistance to antimicrobials without their application. Dairy cattle located in the south-western United States were enrolled in a matched-pair longitudinal study to evaluate the effects of a two-dose ceftiofur treatment for metritis on levels of third-generation cephalosporin resistance among faecal Escherichia coli temporally. Escherichia coli chosen for further investigation were isolated on selective media, harboured extended-spectrum beta-lactam, fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance genes. This combination has previously been unreported; importantly, it included genes encoding for resistance to antibiotics that can only be used in dairy cattle less than 20 months of age. Fluoroquinolones, macrolides and third and higher generation cephalosporins are considered critically important and highest priority for human medicine by the World Health Organization.
Puma–livestock conflicts in the Americas: a review of the evidence
Authors: Guerisoli Maria de las Mercedes , Luengos Vidal Estela , Caruso Nicolás , Giordano Anthony J , Lucherini Mauro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLoss of livestock is one of the greatest sources of conflict between humans and large felids worldwide. The pumaPuma concoloris the most widespread apex predator in the Americas, and conflicts between this felid and humans are common throughout its geographical range. In response to predation on livestock, humans persecute and hunt pumas.We identified the main environmental and anthropogenic variables that define puma–livestock conflict areas in the Americas as 12 conflict predictor variables, and explored the techniques proposed to mitigate conflicts between the puma and livestock producers.We conducted a systematic search and subsequent review of the scientific literature and found 92 publications on puma–livestock conflicts. Through single‐variable analyses and generalised linear models (GLM), we identified which of the 12 conflict predictors were most predictive of the occurrence of predation.The single‐variable analyses showed that high livestock density (goat, sheep, and cattle), low latitudes, low habitat steepness, low co‐predator richness, high distance to habitat (shrub), and high distance to roads characterised areas with conflict. The binomial GLM indicated that areas with conflicts were primarily located in the temperate southern hemisphere and characterised by densities of livestock. The most frequently cited conflict mitigation techniques were ‘improving livestock management’, ‘predator control’, and the ‘use of fencing’.Although our knowledge about the puma and its relationships with human communities has improved, there are wide geographical gaps, and many facets of puma–livestock conflicts are still little understood. Scientists should work with local stakeholders to generate reliable information regarding the ecological and societal consequences of puma–livestock conflicts, and to develop conflict mitigation techniques that could facilitate the coexistence of pumas and humans.
Direct binding of benzoate derivatives to two chemoreceptors with Cache sensor domains in Halomonas titanicae KHS3
Authors: Gasperotti Ana F. , Herrera Seitz M. Karina , Balmaceda Rocío S. , Prosa Luciano M. , Jung Kirsten , Studdert Claudia A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHalomonas titanicae KHS3, isolated from a hydrocarbon‐contaminated sea harbor in Argentina, is able to grow on aromatic hydrocarbons and displays chemotaxis toward those compounds. This behavior might contribute to the efficiency of its degradation capacity. Using high throughput screening, we identified two chemoreceptors (Htc1 and Htc2) that bind benzoate derivatives and other organic acids. Whereas Htc1 has a high affinity for benzoate (Kd 112 µM) and 2‐hydroxybenzoate (Kd 83 µM), Htc2 binds 2‐hydroxybenzoate with low affinity (Kd 3.25 mM), and also C3/C4 dicarboxylates. Both chemoreceptors are able to trigger a chemotactic response of E. coli cells to the specific ligands. A H. titanicae htc1 mutant has reduced chemotaxis toward benzoate, and is complemented upon expression of the corresponding receptor. Both chemoreceptors have a Cache‐type sensor domain, double (Htc1) or single (Htc2), and their ability to bind aromatic compounds is reported here for the first time.
Alternative treatment of fungal infections: Synergy with non‐antifungal agents
Authors: Rossato Luana , Camargo dos Santos Marielle , Vitale Roxana G. , de Hoog Sybren , Ishida Kelly 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFungal infections are responsible for high mortality rates in immunocompromised and high‐risk surgical patients. Therapy failures during the last decades due to increasing multidrug resistance demand innovative strategies for novel and effective antifungal drugs. Synergistic combinations of antifungals with non‐antifungal agents highlight a pragmatic strategy to reduce the development of drug resistance and potentially repurpose known compounds with other functions to bypass costly and time‐consuming novel drug development.
Atypical macroglossia caused by multiple myeloma‐associated systemic amyloidosis with severe lingual movement disorder and tongue sclerosis
Authors: Murakami Yumi , Watanabe Genya , Yuki Tsubasa , Sugaya Ryo , Harigae Souske , Nakamura Takaaki , Kawasaki Emiko , Tsukita Kenichi , Watanabe Mai , Harashima Shogo , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Suzuki Yasushi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA 70‐year‐old man presented with dysphagia and difficulty in moving the tongue. Macroscopic findings showed features resembling mild tongue atrophy. We suspected a neurodegenerative disease which causes tongue atrophy such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A needle electromyogram showed a strong resistance from the tongue owing to its hardness. Detection of Bence Jones protein κ type M protein in the serum led to a diagnosis of multiple myeloma‐associated light‐chain (κ) type amyloidosis. Thus, in patients with a rugose‐textured and uneven tongue mimicking atrophy, macroglossia caused by amyloidosis should be considered by examining the tongue hardness.
Interior design: how plant pathogens optimize their living conditions
Authors: Meisrimler Claudia‐Nicole , Allan Claudia , Eccersall Sophie , Morris Richard J 
Published: October 2020

SummaryPathogens use effectors to suppress host defence mechanisms, promote the derivation of nutrients, and facilitate infection within the host plant. Much is now known about effectors that target biotic pathways, particularly those that interfere with plant innate immunity. By contrast, an understanding of how effectors manipulate nonimmunity pathways is only beginning to emerge. Here, we focus on exciting new insights into effectors that target abiotic stress adaptation pathways, tampering with key functions within the plant to promote colonization. We critically assess the role of various signalling agents in linking different pathways upon perturbation by pathogen effectors. Additionally, this review provides a summary of currently known bacterial, fungal, and oomycete pathogen effectors that induce biotic and abiotic stress responses in the plant, as a first step towards establishing a comprehensive picture for linking effector targets to pathogenic lifestyles.
An increase in xylem embolism resistance of grapevine leaves during the growing season is coordinated with stomatal regulation, turgor loss point and intervessel pit membranes
Authors: Sorek Yonatan , Greenstein Smadar , Netzer Yishai , Shtein Ilana , Jansen Steven , Hochberg Uri 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Although xylem embolism resistance is traditionally considered as static, we hypothesized that in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) leaf xylem becomes more embolism‐resistant over the growing season.

We evaluated xylem architecture, turgor loss point (ΨTLP) and water potentials leading to 25% of maximal stomatal conductance (gs25) or 50% embolism in the leaf xylem (P50) in three irrigation treatments and at three time points during the growing season, while separating the effects of leaf age and time of season.

Hydraulic traits acclimated over the growing season in a coordinated manner. Without irrigation, ΨTLP, gs25, and P50 decreased between late May and late August by 0.95, 0.77 and 0.71 MPa, respectively. A seasonal shift in P50 occurred even in mature leaves, while irrigation had only a mild effect (< 0.2 MPa) on P50. Vessel size and pit membrane thickness were also seasonally dynamic, providing a plausible explanation for the shift in P50.

Our findings provide clear evidence that grapevines can modify their hydraulic traits along a growing season to allow lower xylem water potential, without compromising gas exchange, leaf turgor or xylem integrity. Seasonal changes should be considered when modeling ecosystem vulnerability to drought or comparing datasets acquired at different phenological stages.
Influence of surgical technique and timing of primary repair on interarch relationship in UCLP: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ozawa Terumi Okada , Dutka Jeniffer de Cassia Rillo , Garib Daniela , Lauris Rita C. M. C. , Almeida Araci Malagodi , Brosco Telma Vidotto de Sousa , Lauris José Roberto P. , Dolce Calogero , Pegoraro‐Krook Maria Inês 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare dental arch relationships in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) between two surgical techniques for repair of cleft lip/palate and two ages of palate repair.Settings and SampleDental models were taken for a group of 448 subjects at a mean age of 7 years and were evaluated by means of the Goslon Yardstick. The patients studied consisted of an initial group of 673 infants with complete UCLP randomized into 8 study groups according to lip repair procedures (Millard versus Spina techniques); palate repair procedures (von Langenbeck versus Furlow techniques); and palate repair timing (early: 9 to 12 months versus late: 15‐18 months).MethodsFour surgeons performed all surgeries. Dependent variables included the following: lip repair technique, palate repair technique, age at time of palate repair and surgeon; with sex as an independent variable. The data were analysed using a general linear model (P < .05).ResultsThere were no significant differences for occlusal index scores as a function of lip or palate surgical technique, palatal repair timing and sex. Significant differences were found for occlusal index scores as a function of the surgeon.ConclusionDental arch relationships were not influenced by lip and palatal repair techniques or patient age at palatal repair. The surgeon was the major factor that influenced the dental arch relationship outcome.
Subtypes of acute and chronic temporomandibular disorders: Their relation to psychological and sleep impairments
Authors: Cao Ye , Yap Adrian Ujin , Lei Jie , Zhang Min‐Juan , Fu Kai‐Yuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the differences in psychological states and sleep quality in patients with various temporomandibular disorder (TMD) subtypes, and to ascertain the relationships between TMD duration with psychological and sleep impairments.MethodsA total of 830 TMD patients were recruited categorized into pain‐related (PT), intra‐articular (IT), and combined (CT) TMD groups. Each group was further divided into acute and chronic subtypes. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales‐21 (DASS‐21), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to assess emotional states and sleep problems.ResultsAlthough chronic TMDs generally had higher levels of anxiety, depression, stress, and sleep impairments than acute TMDs, significant differences were only observed for the PT group. Ranking of the mean depression, anxiety, and stress scores was as follows: acute TMDs: CT > PT > IT; chronic TMDs: PT > CT > IT. For both acute and chronic TMDs, the ranking of mean PSQI global and component scores was PT ≥ CT ≥ IT. Logistic regression analyses indicated that stress (ORs = 4.40) and depression (ORs = 2.82) increased the risks of chronic pain‐related TMDs (p < .05).ConclusionsChronic pain‐related TMDs are associated with high levels of psychological distress and poorer sleep, while chronic intra‐articular TMDs are not. Stress and depression increased the probability of chronic pain‐related TMDs.
Support for increased cardiovascular risk in non‐segmental vitiligo among Egyptians: A hospital‐based, case–control study
Authors: Azzazi Yousra , Mostafa Wedad Z. , Sayed Khadiga S. , Alhelf Maha , Safwat Miriam , Mahrous Ayman , El Lawindi Mona , Ragab Nanis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundData have been accumulating in the past few years that identify vitiligo as a disorder with systemic implications.Results and methodsIn this hospital‐based, cross‐sectional, case–control study, 50 patients with non‐segmental vitiligo and 50 age‐ and sex‐matched controls underwent analysis of serum lipid profile, oxidative stress biomarkers and carotid duplex. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly higher in patients than controls (p‐value < .001, <.001, respectively); on the other hand, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was significantly lower in patients than controls (p‐value = .001). A significantly higher percentage of patients had hypercholesterolemia and borderline high, high or very high levels of LDL‐C, compared to controls (p‐value = .001 and .001, respectively). Atherosclerotic plaques and increased common carotid intima media thickness were significantly detected in patients versus controls.DiscussionResults of the present study suggest that a subset of patients with vitiligo are at a higher risk of developing dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis, which might increase their future risk for the development of cardiovascular disease. Confirmation of these findings would subsequently influence investigative and the treatment strategies in the management plan of vitiligo patients in the near future.SignificanceVitiligo patients might be at a higher risk of developing dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis, which might increase their risk for the development of cardiovascular disease necessitating prophylactic measures to improve prognosis. Our results might influence the investigative and treatment strategies in the management plan of vitiligo patients in the near future.
The structure and function of the mouse tyrosinase locus
Authors: Seruggia Davide , Josa Santiago , Fernández Almudena , Montoliu Lluis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTyr is the mouse gene that encodes tyrosinase, an enzyme that triggers the first and rate‐limiting step in the biosynthesis of melanin. Mutations in Tyr might result in non‐functional Tyr protein and, consequently, loss of pigment production. This is a rare genetic condition, known as albinism, described for most animal species and one of the most obvious and simple phenotypes to investigate in model organisms. Mutations in the orthologous human TYR gene are associated with oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1). Over the last thirty years, the mouse Tyr locus has been studied as a paradigm for how genes and expression domains are organized and regulated in mammalian genomes. This review summarizes the major findings and experimental strategies used, from the production of conventional transgenic mice to the latest CRISPR‐Cas9 genome‐edited animals. The main conclusion inferred from all of these studies, which extends beyond the analysis of the mouse Tyr locus, is the relevance of analyzing non‐coding regulatory DNA elements in their natural chromosomal environment, and not only as randomly inserted transgenes. Further, the identification of evolutionary conserved regulatory sequences might highlight new vulnerable sites in the human TYR gene, whose mutations could also be associated with albinism.
Prediction, management, and prognosis of mixed chimerism after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in transfusion‐dependent pediatric thalassemia patients
Authors: Chen Han , Li Xin‐yu , Zhan Li‐ping , Fang Jian‐pei , Huang Ke , Li Yang , Weng Wen‐jun , Xu Lv‐hong , Xu Hong‐gui , Zhou Dun‐hua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly‐onset mixed chimerism (MC) with a high proportion of residual host cells is considered a signal of graft rejection in patients undergoing allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for transfusion‐dependent thalassemia. In order to prevent graft rejection and minimize the risk of treatment‐related graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), we established a hierarchical management system based on chimerism analysis.MethodThis retrospective study provides a comprehensive review of the characteristics, interventions, and outcomes of the 38 patients who developed MC after transplantation among the 144 pediatric thalassemia patients between July 2007 and January 2019 at our center.ResultsA sibling donor, a blood type‐matched donor, conditioning regimens without fludarabine, and transplants containing <10 × 108 total nucleated cells/kg were identified to be associated with the development of MC. Among the 38 patients developing MC, only four patients rejected the grafts. The response rate to donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI, only for patients receiving sibling donor transplantation) and cytokine immunomodulation without DLI was 70.6% and 42.9%, respectively. Patients that developed GVHD after DLI or cytokine therapy had a more significant increase in donor cell chimerism (16%, range 0%‐35%) than those without (8.5%, range −21% to 40%, P = .049). However, even when treatment‐related GVHD was included, patients with MC had a lower cumulative incidence of total acute GVHD than patients with complete donor chimerism (29.2% vs 48.0%, P = .030).ConclusionsInterventions based on chimerism analysis were effective in preventing graft rejection and did not increase treatment‐related GVHD in thalassemia patients with MC.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from sibling and unrelated donors in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease—A single center experience
Authors: Kogel Friederike , Hakimeh Dani , Sodani Pietro , Lang Peter , Kühl Jörn‐Sven , Hundsdoerfer Patrick , Künkele Annette , Eggert Angelika , Oevermann Lena , Schulte Johannes H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHSCT is curative in SCD. Patients with HLA‐identical sibling donor have an excellent outcome ranging from 90%‐100% overall and event‐free survival. However, due to the lack of matched sibling donors this option is out of reach for 70% of patients with SCD. The pool of potential donors needs to be extended. Transplantations from HLA‐matched unrelated donors were reported to be less successful with shorter event‐free survival and higher incidences of complications including graft‐vs‐host disease, especially in patients with advanced stage SCD. Here we report transplantation outcomes for 25 children with SCD transplanted using HLA‐matched grafts from related or unrelated donors. Overall survival was 100% with no severe (grade III‐IV) graft‐vs‐host disease and a 12% rejection rate. Mixed donor chimerisms only occurred in transplantations from siblings, while transplantations from unrelated donors resulted in either complete donor chimerism or rejection. Despite the small patient number, overall and disease‐free survival for unrelated donor transplantations is excellent in this cohort. The advanced disease state, higher alloreactive effect and stronger immunosuppression in unrelated donor transplantations raises patient risk, for which possible solutions could be found in optimization of transplant preparation, graft manipulation or haploidentical transplantation using T cell receptor α/β‐depleted grafts.
Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation as an Adjunct to Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy in the Management of Periodontitis‐ A Systematic Review of in vivo Human Studies
Authors: Dalvi Snehal , Benedicenti Stefano , Hanna Reem 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhotobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has anti‐inflammatory, analgesic and regenerative properties. This systematic review aimed to critically appraise the published data of in vivo human randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and present a comprehensive overview of the efficacy of PBMT, as an adjunct to the nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in the management of periodontitis. The systematic review protocol is registered in the Prospective Register Of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; ref CRD 42020169108). With the help of the appropriate key words, structured electronic and manual search strategies were applied to gather the relevant published data on in vivo human RCTs based on this topic. Seventeen papers that met the eligibility criteria were included in this review and subjected to a qualitative assessment. Current evidence lacks adequate information regarding the photobiomodulation (PBM) dosimetry, which is fundamental in establishing a standardized and replicable protocol for future researches. Furthermore, substantial discrepancies in the study methodology and a high risk of bias, arising from the majority of the included papers, abet to the inferior quality of these studies. Ultimately, there is an urgent necessity to conduct further well‐designed RCTs in order to determine the effectiveness of PBMT, if any, by taking into consideration the abovementioned confounding factors.
Melatonin as a regulatory hub of plant hormone levels and action in stress situations
Authors: Arnao M. B. , Hernández‐Ruiz J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMelatonin, a molecule first discovered in animal tissues, plays an important role in multiple physiological responses as a possible plant master regulator. It mediates responses to different types of stress, both biotic and abiotic. Melatonin reduces the negative effects associated with stressors, improving the plant response by increasing plant stress tolerance. When plants respond to stress situations, they use up a large amount of plant resources through a set of perfectly synchronized actions. Responses mediated by melatonin use the plant’s hormones to, after adequate modulation, counteract and overcome the negative action of the stressor. In this paper, we review melatonin–plant hormone relationships. Factors that trigger the stress response and the central role of melatonin are analysed. An extensive analysis of current studies shows that melatonin modulates the metabolism of plant hormones (biosynthesis and catabolism), the rise or fall in their endogenous levels, the regulation of signalling elements and how melatonin affects the final response of auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid, jasmonates, brassinosteroids, polyamines and strigolactones. Lastly, a general overview of melatonin’s actions and its regulatory role at a global level is provided and proposals for future research are made.