bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medical staff in Guangdong, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Huajun , Huang Daozheng , Huang Huigen , Zhang Jihui , Guo Lan , Liu Yuting , Ma Huan , Geng Qingshan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring previous pandemic outbreaks, medical staff have reported high levels of psychological distress. The aim of the current study was to report a snapshot of the psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its correlated factors on medical staff in Guangdong, China.MethodsOn the 2nd and 3rd February 2020, soon after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, we surveyed medical staff at four hospitals in Guangdong, China, to collect demographic characteristics, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores.ResultsComplete responses were received from 1045 medical staff. Respondents were divided into high- and low-risk groups according to their working environment of contacting with potential or confirmed COVID-19 cases. The proportion of staff with anxiety (55.4% v. 43.0%, p < 0.001) or depression (43.6% v. 36.8%, p = 0.028) was significantly higher in the high-risk group than the low-risk group. The percentage of staff with severe anxiety was similar in the two groups. Doctors were more susceptible to moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms. The high-risk group had higher levels of clinical insomnia (13.5% v. 8.5%, p = 0.011) and were more likely to be in the upper quartile for stress symptoms (24.7% v. 19.3%, p = 0.037) than the low-risk group. Additionally, work experience negatively correlated with insomnia symptoms.ConclusionsIt is important for hospitals and authorities to protect both the physical and psychological health of medical staff during times of pandemic, even those with a low exposure risk.
Anomalous origin of right pulmonary artery: diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up in an adult patient
Authors: Pumacayo-Cárdenas Susan , Jimenez-Santos Moises , Quea-Pinto Edgar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnomalous origin of a branch pulmonary artery from the aorta is a rare malformation, accounting for 0.12% of all congenital heart defects. We present the case of a 43-year-old man with an anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery (AORPA) from the ascending aorta. Reimplantation of the right pulmonary artery was carried out successfully, with favourable evolution in the medium-term follow-up. It is the first described case that receives corrective treatment in adulthood with a favourable evolution.
Brief cognitive behavioural therapy for post-stroke ‘delusional infestation’ in a 71-year-old man: a single case experimental design
Authors: McKinnon Aimee I. , Dow Rebecca 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground:Delusional infestation is a condition at the interface of tactile and visual hallucinations and delusions. Individuals with this condition hold the fixed and false belief that their body or their environment is infested with parasites, insects or other organisms.Aims:There are no guidelines or publications detailing the psychological assessment, formulation, intervention and evaluation of this presentation. This paper aims to address this gap.Method:Single case experimental design methodology was employed to evaluate the use of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for delusional infestation in a 70-year-old male who was intolerant of anti-psychotic medication. ‘Tom’ had a large, mature infarct in the middle cerebral artery territory as well as a left posterior parietal infarct post-stroke, which may have precipitated his symptoms. After a baseline period of 3 weeks, Tom received eight sessions of CBT based on the model by Collerton and Dudley (2004).Results:Post-intervention, there was a reliable improvement on clinical measures as well as a large reduction in distress levels, which was maintained at 3-month follow-up. The conviction in the belief that the infestation was real did not shift.Conclusion:This case demonstrated the potential for the use of CBT to address distress related to delusional infestation. This work is discussed in relation to post-stroke psychosis, psychological therapies with older adults, and suggestions are made for future research.
LBNL and the Materials Microcharacterization Collaboratory
Authors: O'Keefe MA , Taylor JR , Owen DK 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In 1996 the DOE formed the Materials Microcharacterization Collaboratory (MMC) to bring together the four DOE-sponsored electron microscope user facilities in one collaboratory. The MMC will bring the microanalysis and microcharacterization tools that are available in national centers to geographically dispersed researchers working in industries, universities, and Government laboratories. It will enable these remote users to share on-line the instrumentation, knowledge and expertise available at the individual facilities making up the collaboratory.
LBNL first demonstrated on-line remote control of a high-voltage TEM from Kansas City in 1995 in a joint project by LBNL computer scientists and NCEM microscopists. The microscope chosen was a 1.5MeV Kratos EM-1500 that is used for in-situ electron microscopy. In the demonstration, a specimen of an Al/Pb alloy was heated and observed, with remote-operator control of heating rate, microscope focus, and stage movement (translation and tilt).
Integrated Data Acquisition and Instrument Control for Local and Remote Operation of Electron Microscopes Equipped With Imaging Detectors and Spectrometers
Authors: de Ruijter W J , Weiss JK 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The continuing remarkable progress of computer technology is dramatically changing how electron optical instrumentation is being used. Instead of concentrating on taking just one spectrum or one image at a time, it now has become possible to design complete experiments aimed at solving the problems at hand more rapidly and more directly.
We have designed a PC-based acquisition system that aims to innovate and simplify both TEM and STEM operation. The first advance this system represents is integrated data acquisition from all detectors commonly found on electron microscopes: TV and slow-scan CCD cameras, different flavors of STEM detectors, and EDX, CL, Auger and EELS spectrometers. The new system allows experiments combining microscope control with the acquisition capabilities of all these detectors. The second advance is the implementation of “live” processing. Most common processing tasks can be executed on-the-fly, even at video-rate acquisition speeds.
Image Analysis—Turning Images Into Data
Authors: Friel J J , Prestridge E B 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Image analysis is the process of quantifying some aspect of an image—its particle size distribution, for example. Manual methods were in use long before computers made image analysis much faster and more reproducible. Linear measurements of diameter, point counting to measure volume fraction, and intercept counting to determine grain size have been used for over 100 years. Automatic image analysis (AIA), however, can make more measurements, and even calculate derived measurements, such as aspect ratio or circularity. AIA of a specimen or micrograph, of course, is only as good as the contrast mechanism used, so the imaging signal must be chosen carefully to reveal to the computer what is to be measured. Obtaining sufficient contrast is often the limiting task.
Once an imaging signal is chosen and the digital resolution set, the computer can analyze the image. The feature descriptors can be generic:
Digital Precision Imaging: Every Pixel Counts
Authors: Peters Klaus-Ruediger 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Modem technical imaging devices acquire digital image data at a precision level that often exceeds that of available display technologies so that parts of the data information may not be revealed in the displayed image. Data resolution and display resolution are closely related to image information and digital image processing provides several useful tools for compensation of such display deficiencies.
Typical precision data may be captured by a CCD camera, a scanning microscope or flatbed digitizer from photographic film and may exceed a size of 1,000×1,000 data points and a data point depth of 12 bit. Digital data has two general characteristics that deal with spatial resolution and intensity resolution. The distance represented between data points determines the spatial data resolution. Equally important is the bit-resolution which describes the maximum number of intensity levels possible in each point.
A Working Model of a Fully Digital Academic High-Throughput Microscopy Facility
Authors: Dickson M R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Electron Microscope Unit at the University has a good selection of microscopes: two tungsten SEMs, two FESEMs, a microprobe analysis system, a 125 kY TEM, a 200 kV TEM, an AFM, an FIB miller, a Zeiss Photomicroscope and a Leica Macroscope. We service around 300 clients’ projects a year in every field of experimental science and engineering, logging over 8,000 hrs of beam time annually.
But funding constraints have always kept us short staffed and our laboratory has been working towards complete digital image capture for the past ten years to enhance our productivity. The perceived benefits of digitisation for us are:
Photographic processing of negatives eliminated. Archiving of (bulky) photographic negatives eliminated. Need for special darkroom & graphics skills eliminated Responsibility for archiving and indexing images devolved to individual users Responsibility for image processing devolved to individual users. Rapid turnaround of images. Rapid sharing of results.
Local Electrode Atom Probes
Authors: Kelly Thomas F , Camus Patrick P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Need for Improvements. Though atom probe techniques have impressive atomic-scale analytical capabilities, there are some definite needs for improvement. The needle shape of APFIM specimens is a difficult geometry to make for many types of materials, especially technologically important thin-film materials. Even though 3DAPs collect more data than traditional APs, the analysis volumes are still small by analytical standards: typically there are fewer than 1 million atoms in an image which is about 15nm x 15nm x 50nm. The data collection rate (up to tens of atoms per second) limits the practical size of analyzed volumes to about 1 million atoms. Poor mass resolution makes it difficult to separate ions of similar mass-to-charge ratio in spectra of approximately 20% of samples. Thus, there are three principal areas where improvements are desirable: 1) specimen geometry, 2) data collection rates, and 3) mass resolving power.
Microstructural Characterization of Rapidly Solidified Ultrahigh Strength Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Ping D H , Hono K , Inoue A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Recently, Inoue et al. succeeded in fabricating ultrahigh-strength Al-based alloys consisting of a nanoscale mixture of α-Al and amorphous phases or a mixture of a-Al, amorphous and icosahedral phases in Al-TM-Ce, Al-TM-Ln (TM: transition metals) and Al-Cr-Co-Ce systems by rapid solidification [1-3]. In order to understand the mechanism of the nanoscale microstructural evolution during the rapid solidification processes in these nanocomposite alloys, we have characterized the microstructures of rapidly solidified Al94.5Cr3Co1.5Ce1 and Al96V4Fe2 alloys by atom probe field ion microscopy (APFIM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM).
TEM investigations have revealed that the as-quenched Al94.5Cr3Co1.5Ce1 alloy is composed of a nanoscale mixture of amorphous and α-Al. A typical TEM bright field micrograph is shown in Fig. 1. The microdiffraction patterns taken at various locations in the darkly contrasted region have shown that the region consists of a few interconnected α-Al grains and many localized amorphous regions which are trapped within the Al grains.
Compositional Imaging At The Sub- 2 Å Level Using A 200 Kv Schottky Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscope
Authors: James E M , Browning N D , Nicholls A W , Kawasaki M , Stemmer S , Xin Y , Duscher G 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Here we demonstrate sub- 2Å resolution, in compositionally sensitive Z-contrast imaging, for a 200 kV field-emission transmission electron microscope (FEGTEM). This method has shown great promise for determining the atomic structure of interfaces in such materials as ceramics, semiconductors and high-Tc superconductors.
The Z-contrast technique involves focusing an electron probe at a specimen surface (which is oriented with a zone-axis along the beam direction). The transmitted signal, at an annular detector, is displayed on a VDU, rastered synchronously with the probe. Coherent, contrast reversal effects are suppressed in this geometry; images approximate to a convolution of the probe intensity profile with the square of the projected specimen potential. The Z2 dependence means that images can, with care, be interpreted as chemically sensitive maps of the projected structure. Furthermore, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) can be performed simultaneously with Z-contrast imaging to yield additional compositional information.
Quantitative Compositional Mapping of Phase Separation in Thin Polymer Films
Authors: Winesett DA , Ade H , Smith AP , Qu S , Ge S , Rafailovich M , Sokolov S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Experiments and theoretical work on spinodal decomposition of thin films of binary polymer blends indicate large changes in phase behavior and dynamics relative to the bulk behavior due to the complex interactions of the polymer-polymer, polymer-air, and polymer-substrate interfaces. Currently used techniques are able to sense growing domain sizes but are not always able to sense local two and three dimensional variations within domains. We are using a new characterization approach to these thin films utilizing the Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope (STXM) at beamline XIA at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS)2. We extract component thickness maps of each polymer in a sample region. This allows for quantitative investigation of the dynamics of polymer phase separation and should allow the determination of important parameters affecting the domain formation in these thin films.
Compositional Characterization of an O-N-O Layer in a Dram Using FE-TEM and Energy Filtered Elemental Mapping
Authors: Kawasaki M , Oikawa T , Ibe K , Park K H , Shiojiri M , Kersker M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A dielectric O-N-O multi-layer is formed between a single-crystal silicon substrate and a polycrystalline silicon gate to insulate them. The nominal structure of the layer is SiO2-Si3N4-SiO2. In this study, in order to visualize the elemental distribution, energy filtered mapping technique was used and also the relative concentration was calculated from the intensities of the elemental maps to characterize the structure quantitatively.
The specimen was cut from a 16M-DRAM device and made suitable for TEM observation by the cross-section ion milling method. The O-N-O layer was examined using a JEM-2010F FE-TEM equipped with a post column energy filter(GIF 200). Fig. 1 shows energy filtered elemental maps of Si, O and N with an elastic image of the O-N-O layer obtained by the three-window method.
As a map is produced after a background intensity extrapolated from two pre-edge images is subtracted from a post-edge image, each pixel of these maps provides energy loss intensity of an element.
The Impact of Biological Microanalysis on Analytical Electron Microscopy
Authors: Somlyo Andrew P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Advances in energy-dispersive detector technology were largely responsible for electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) becoming a valuable tool for biologists, while development of EPMA received much impetus from the special needs of biological research. Solid-state energy-dispersive detectors placed in close proximity to specimens in transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) provided the necessary geometric detection efficiency, hence sensitivity and higher spatial resolution, and the reasonably good energy resolution of these detectors permitted reliable separation of overlapping peaks, such as the Kα peak of the biologically important messenger, calcium, and the Kβ peak of another, biologically much more abundant element, potassium. Improvements in the pole-piece design of TEMs to allow closer access of the X-ray detector to the specimen and interfacing the software of one company with detectors provided by another also helped progress, and EPMA, in conjunction with rapid freezing of cells, was ready to address important biological problems, such as the dynamics of the composition of intracellular organelles in situ.
Superconducting Tunnel Junction Spectrometers for High Resolution Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy
Authors: Mears Carl A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We have been developing superconducting tunnel junctions (STJs) for use as high-resolution energy dispersive spectrometers. STJ detectors simultaneously offer energy resolution better than 15 eV at 1 keV, count rates in excess of 10,000 counts per second, broad bandwidth and high efficiency. These attributes make them desirable detectors in a variety of applications, including x-ray microanalysis.
When an x-ray photon is absorbed in a superconductor, about 60% of its energy is used to break the Cooper pairs that make up the superconducting ground state into excited electron-like and hole-like states called quasiparticles. This process is analogous to the creation of electron-hole pairs in a conventional energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) based on silicon or germanium. The difference is that the superconducting energy gap Δ is on the order of a few millielectron volts, roughly a factor of 1000 less than the band gap in common semiconductors.
X-Ray Emission from Porous Materials : New Results
Authors: Gauvin Raynald 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper present new results about x-ray emission from porous materials obtained from Monte Carlo simulations. This is an update from the results which have been presented for the first time last year. In particular, the absorption correction is now simulated in the same way as the electron scattering. In the results presented last year, x-ray absorption was calculated with the integration of the φ(ρz) curves via the usual equation :

where I is the intensity emitted from the porous specimen, I0 is the intensity emitted from a thin foil with no porosity, x is the mass absorption coefficient times the cosine of the take off angle, z is the depth in the specimen and ρ is the density of the porous materials. Since the density term does not include the effect of the size of the pores, integration of this equation will give wrong results when the size of the pores are big relative to the electron range.
Quality Assurance of Energy Dispersive Spectrometry Systems
Authors: Steel E B , Marinenko R B 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Monitoring the performance and capabilities of energy dispersive X-ray spectrometers (EDS) and related x-ray analysis electronics and software is important for maintaining and improving the reliability, sensitivity, and accuracy of the x-ray analysis system. There is growing demand for quality systems through laboratory accreditation, ISO 9000, ISO Guide 25 and related programs that require set quality control procedures for analytical instrumentation. In such cases it is frequently more useful to have one national/international standard. This approach is not only more efficient than having each analyst devise their own system, but the use of the same standard procedures among labs would allow direct intercomparison of results. This intercomparison can help labs and manufacturers determine what are normal versus abnormal results and lead to higher quality instruments and analyses.
We are designing a standard procedure to maximize the efficiency of each quality control (QC) measurement so that we spend as little time monitoring the analysis system as is possible.
Extracting Low Energy X-Ray Peaks From EDS and WDS Spectra
Authors: Myklebust Robert L , Newbury Dale E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Interest in electron beam x-ray microanalysis with low incident beam energies, defined arbitrarily as 5 keV and below, has been greatly stimulated in recent years by the development of the high performance field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM), which can produce a nanometer-scale probe with sufficient current to operate with both energy dispersive (EDS) and wavelength dispersive (WDS) spectrometers. Microanalysis in this regime requires the analyst to confront new spectrometry problems that are not typically encountered, or that can be safely ignored, when operating with conventional beam energies, 10 keV or greater. With low energy operation, the choice of atomic shells that can be accessed is restricted, forcing the analyst to make use of shells that have low fluorescence yields for intermediate and high atomic number elements, and possibly strong chemical effects, which are evident with high resolution x-ray spectrometry.
Using Quantitative Iteration to Correct for Pathological Spectral Interferences
Authors: Donovan John J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A number of problematic analytical situations are known to exist in electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) where characteristic x-ray spectral overlaps are not only severe, but are also of the “self-interfering” or “cascade” variety. The “self-interfering” variety is exemplified by the innocuous Ba Lα ↔ Ti Kα; to the fearsome Pb Lα↔As Kα binaries, while “cascade” interferences are often seen among the transition metal series as in Ti Kβ → V Kα - V Kα Cr Kα or as seen with a secondary fluorescence interference effect as in Ni K ⇒ Fe Kα - Fe Kβ → Co Kα. Unlike simple interferences of the type Mn Kβ → Fe Kα, both of these types of spectral interferences are often quite troublesome for the analyst to correct for, especially for Si(Li) and Ge energy dispersive spectrometers (EDS) where the analytical peaks are often so overlapped as to prevent graphical deconvolution, and even for the higher resolution wavelength dispersive spectrometers (WDS) along with the yet to come bolometric energy dispersive detectors (based on projected resolution), the task can still be formidable.
The Role of Monte Carlo Calculations In Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Lifshin E , Peluso L A , Gauvin R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In conventional quantitative electron microprobe analysis, methods like ZAF and φ(ρz), are used to convert x-ray intensity data to chemical composition utilizing equations that describe electron solid interactions, the x-ray generation process, absorption of the generated x-rays and secondary fluorescence effects. These equations capture the overall response of a sample or standard rather than consider the fate of individual electrons over time. For example, f(χ) is simply the ratio of x-rays emitted to the number generated. While for the most part these methods are built on solid physical models, the models were never exact enough to completely match measured data. Consequently, they have been modified by various adjustable parameters to ensure a high level of accuracy for a wide variety of systems and experimental conditions. However, since most of the adjustments were based on data taken at normal incidence, there has always been a question of how to obtain accurate results from tilted samples.