bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biting rates and relative abundance of Simulium flies under different climatic conditions in an onchocerciasis endemic community in Ghana
Authors: Otabil Kenneth Bentum , Gyasi Samuel Fosu , Awuah Esi , Obeng-Ofori Daniels , Tenkorang Seth Boateng , Kessie Justice Amenyo , Schallig Henk D. F. H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Knowledge of the relative abundance and biting rates of riverine blackflies (vectors of onchocerciasis) is essential as these entomological indices affect transmission of the disease. However, transmission patterns vary from one ecological zone to another and this may be due to differences in species of blackfly vectors and the climatic conditions in the area. This study investigated the effects of climate variability on the relative abundance and biting rates of blackflies in the Tanfiano community (Nkoranza North District, Bono East Region, Ghana). Such information will help to direct policy on effective timing of the annual mass drug administration of ivermectin in the area.

Methods
The study employed human landing collections and locally built Esperanza window traps to collect blackflies from March 2018 to February 2019. The relative abundance and biting rates of the Simulium vectors as well as the monthly climatic conditions of the study area were monitored. Correlation analysis and Poisson regression were used to establish the relationships between the variables.

Results
The relative abundance and biting rates of the Simulium vectors were highest in the drier months of March, April and August, characterized by high temperatures, low humidity, longer hours of sunshine and stronger winds. The rainy months of May, June and July, characterized by low temperatures, high humidity, few hours of sunshine and weaker winds, had relatively low blackfly abundance and biting activity. Correlation analysis showed that only temperature was significantly, positively correlated with the relative abundance of blackflies (r = 0.617, n = 12, P = 0.033) and monthly biting rates (r = 0.612, n = 12, P = 0.034). A model to predict relative abundance and monthly biting rates using climatological variables was developed.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that Simulium species in the study area preferred higher temperature, lower humidity and rainfall, more hours of sunshine and relatively stronger winds for survival. It is thus recommended that for the study district and others with similar climatological characteristics, mass drug administration of ivermectin should take place in April and September when the abundance of vectors has begun to decline after peaking.
Interactions between host biogenic amines and sand fly salivary yellow-related proteins
Authors: Spitzova Tatiana , Sumova Petra , Volfova Vera , Polanska Nikola , Poctova Luisa , Volf Petr 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring blood feeding, sand flies inoculate salivary proteins that interact with the host haemostatic system. The blocking of biogenic amines such as serotonin and histamine helps to limit vasodilatation and clot formation, and thus enables the insect to finish the blood-feeding process. In sand flies, an amine-binding ability is known only for the yellow-related proteins ofPhlebotomusandLutzomyiavectors, but not yet for members of the genusSergentomyia.MethodsThe ability ofPhlebotomus argentipesandSergentomyia schwetzirecombinant yellow-related salivary proteins to bind histamine and serotonin was measured by microscale thermophoresis. Both sand fly species were also fed through a chicken-skin membrane on blood mixed with histamine or serotonin in order to check the effects of biogenic amines on sand fly fitness. Additionally, fecundity and mortality were compared in two groups ofP. argentipesfemales fed on repeatedly-bitten and naive hamsters, respectively.ResultsTheP. argentipesrecombinant yellow-related protein PagSP04 showed high binding affinity to serotonin and low affinity to histamine. No binding activity was detected for two yellow-related proteins ofS. schwetzi. Elevated concentrations of serotonin significantly reduced the amount of eggs laid byP. argentipeswhen compared to the control. The fecundity ofS. schwetziand the mortality of both sand fly species were not impaired after the experimental membrane feeding. Additionally, there were no differences in oviposition or mortality betweenP. argentipesfemales fed on immunized or naive hamsters.ConclusionsOur results suggest that in natural conditions sand flies are able to cope with biogenic amines or anti-saliva antibodies without any influence on their fitness. The serotonin binding by salivary yellow-related proteins may play an important role inPhlebotomusspecies feeding on mammalian hosts, but not inS. schwetzi, which is adapted to reptiles.
The absence of the drhm gene is not a marker for human-pathogenicity in European Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains
Authors: Langenwalder Denis B. , Schmidt Sabine , Silaghi Cornelia , Skuballa Jasmin , Pantchev Nikola , Matei Ioana A. , Mihalca Andrei D. , Gilli Urs , Zajkowska Joanna , Ganter Martin , Hoffman Tove , Salaneck Erik , Petrovec Miroslav , von Loewenich Friederike D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium that replicates in neutrophil granulocytes. It is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex and causes febrile illness in humans and animals. The geographical distribution of A. phagocytophilum spans the Americas, Europe, Africa and Asia. However, human disease predominantly occurs in North America but is infrequently reported from Europe and Asia. In North American strains, the absence of the drhm gene has been proposed as marker for pathogenicity in humans whereas no information on the presence or absence of the drhm gene was available for A. phagocytophilum strains circulating in Europe. Therefore, we tested 511 European and 21 North American strains for the presence of drhm and compared the results to two other typing methods: multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and ankA-based typing.

Results
Altogether, 99% (478/484) of the analyzable European and 19% (4/21) of the North American samples from different hosts were drhm-positive. Regarding the strains from human granulocytic anaplasmosis cases, 100% (35/35) of European origin were drhm-positive and 100% (14/14) of North American origin were drhm-negative. Human strains from North America and Europe were both part of MLST cluster 1. North American strains from humans belonged to ankA gene clusters 11 and 12 whereas European strains from humans were found in ankA gene cluster 1. However, the North American ankA gene clusters 11 and 12 were highly identical at the nucleotide level to the European cluster 1 with 97.4% and 95.2% of identity, respectively.

Conclusions
The absence of the drhm gene in A. phagocytophilum does not seem to be associated with pathogenicity for humans per se, because all 35 European strains of human origin were drhm-positive. The epidemiological differences between North America and Europe concerning the incidence of human A. phagocytophilum infection are not explained by strain divergence based on MLST and ankA gene-based typing.
Comparative analysis of affected and unaffected areas of systemic sclerosis skin biopsies by high-throughput proteomic approaches
Authors: Chairta Paraskevi , Nicolaou Paschalis , Sokratous Kleitos , Galant Christine , Houssiau Frédéric , Oulas Anastasis , Spyrou George M. , Alarcon-Riquelme Marta E. , Lauwerys Bernard R. , Christodoulou Kyproula 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Pathogenesis and aetiology of systemic sclerosis (SSc) are currently unclear, thus rendering disease prognosis, diagnosis and treatment challenging. The aim of this study was to use paired skin biopsy samples from affected and unaffected areas of the same patient, in order to compare the proteomes and identify biomarkers and pathways which are associated with SSc pathogenesis.

Methods
Biopsies were obtained from affected and unaffected skin areas of SSc patients. Samples were cryo-pulverised and proteins were extracted and analysed using mass spectrometry (MS) discovery analysis. Differentially expressed proteins were revealed after analysis with the Progenesis QIp software. Pathway analysis was performed using the Enrichr Web server. Using specific criteria, fifteen proteins were selected for further validation with targeted-MS analysis.

Results
Proteomic analysis led to the identification and quantification of approximately 2000 non-redundant proteins. Statistical analysis showed that 169 of these proteins were significantly differentially expressed in affected versus unaffected tissues. Pathway analyses showed that these proteins are involved in multiple pathways that are associated with autoimmune diseases (AIDs) and fibrosis. Fifteen of these proteins were further investigated using targeted-MS approaches, and five of them were confirmed to be significantly differentially expressed in SSc affected versus unaffected skin biopsies.

Conclusion
Using MS-based proteomics analysis of human skin biopsies from patients with SSc, we identified a number of proteins and pathways that might be involved in SSc progression and pathogenesis. Fifteen of these proteins were further validated, and results suggest that five of them may serve as potential biomarkers for SSc.
Host responses to Clostridium perfringens challenge in a chicken model of chronic stress
Authors: Zaytsoff Sarah J. M. , Lyons Sarah M. , Garner Alexander M. , Uwiera Richard R. E. , Zandberg Wesley F. , Abbott D. Wade , Inglis G. Douglas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
This study utilized a chicken model of chronic physiological stress mediated by corticosterone (CORT) administration to ascertain how various host metrics are altered upon challenge with Clostridium perfringens. Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a disease of the small intestine of chickens incited by C. perfringens, which can result in elevated morbidity and mortality. The objective of the current study was to investigate how physiological stress alters host responses and predisposes birds to subclinical NE.

Results
Birds administered CORT exhibited higher densities of C. perfringens in their intestine, and this corresponded to altered production of intestinal mucus. Characterization of mucus showed that C. perfringens treatment altered the relative abundance of five glycans. Birds inoculated with C. perfringens did not exhibit evidence of acute morbidity. However, histopathologic changes were observed in the small intestine of infected birds. Birds administered CORT showed altered gene expression of tight junction proteins (i.e. CLDN3 and CLDN5) and toll-like receptors (i.e. TLR2 and TLR15) in the small intestine. Moreover, birds administered CORT exhibited increased expression of IL2 and G-CSF in the spleen, and IL1β, IL2, IL18, IFNγ, and IL6 in the thymus. Body weight gain was impaired only in birds that were administered CORT and challenged with C. perfringens.

Conclusion
CORT administration modulated a number of host functions, which corresponded to increased densities of C. perfringens in the small intestine and weight gain impairment in chickens. Importantly, results implicate physiological stress as an important predisposing factor to NE, which emphasizes the importance of managing stress to optimize chicken health.
The association of low serum salivary and pancreatic amylases with the increased use of lipids as an energy source in non-obese healthy women
Authors: Nakajima Kei , Higuchi Ryoko , Iwane Taizo , Iida Ayaka 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
It is unknown whether low serum levels of salivary and pancreatic amylases are associated with the high combustion of carbohydrates or lipids for energy. Elevated blood ketones and a low respiratory quotient (RQ) can reflect the preferential combustion of lipids relative to carbohydrates. Therefore, using the data from our previous study, we investigated if low levels of serum amylases were associated with a high serum ketone level and low RQ in 60 healthy non-obese young women aged 20–39 years old.

Results
Serum ketones [3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HBA) and acetoacetic acid (AA)] were inversely correlated with RQs, but not body mass index (BMI) or glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of serum ketones (3-HBA ≥ 24 μmol/L and AA ≥ 17 μmol/L) and a low RQ (< 0.766) were significantly associated with low serum salivary (< 60 U/L) and pancreatic (< 29 U/L) amylase levels, respectively. These associations were not altered by further adjustments for age, BMI, HbA1c, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. These results confirm the high combustion of lipids for energy in individuals with low serum amylase levels, suggesting a close relationship between circulating amylases and internal energy production.
Risk stratification of HPV 16 DNA methylation combined with E6 oncoprotein in cervical cancer screening: a 10-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Dong Li , Zhang Li , Hu Shang-Ying , Feng Rui-Mei , Zhao Xue-Lian , Zhang Qian , Pan Qin-Jing , Zhang Xun , Qiao You-Lin , Zhao Fang-Hui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
How to best triage human papillomavirus (HPV) positive women remains controversial in an era of HPV primary screening of cervical cancer. Here, we assessed the long-term risk stratification for triaging HPV 16 positive women by standalone HPV 16 methylation and combined with E6 oncoprotein.

Methods
A total of 1742 women underwent screening with HPV DNA testing, cytology, and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) in 2005 and were followed for 10 years. Seventy-seven women with HPV 16 positivity determined by HPV genotyping test were examined via E6 oncoprotein detection and bisulfite pyrosequencing for quantitative methylation of L1 and LCR genes of HPV 16.

Results
The 10-year cumulative incidence rate (CIR) of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or severe (CIN3+) for HPV 16 positive women was 25.3% (95% CI 14.7–37.3%), which significantly increased in women with high methylation at six sites (CpG 5602, 6650, 7034, 7461, 31, and 37) and in women with positive E6 oncoprotein. A methylation panel based on the above six sites showed a competitive risk stratification compared to cytology (HR 11.5 vs. 8.1), with a higher 10-year CIR of CIN3+ in panel positives (57.2% vs 36.8%) and comparable low risk in panel negatives (5.7% vs 4.8%).The sensitivity and specificity for accumulative CIN3+ was 85.7% (95%CI 60.1–96.0%) and 78.4% (95%CI 62.8–88.6%) for a methylation panel and 57.1% (95%CI 32.6–78.6%) and 86.5% (95%CI 72.0–94.1%) for E6 oncoprotein. The AUC values of methylation standalone and the co-testing of methylation panel and E6 oncoprotein were around 0.80, comparable to 0.68 for cytology, 0.65 for viral load, and superior to 0.52 for VIA (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Our findings indicated the promising use of HPV 16 methylation alone or combined with E6 oncoprotein for triaging HPV 16 positive women based on the long-term risk stratification ability.
Cord blood-endothelial colony forming cells are immunotolerated and participate at post-ischemic angiogenesis in an original dorsal chamber immunocompetent mouse model
Authors: Proust Richard , Ponsen Anne-Charlotte , Rouffiac Valérie , Schenowitz Chantal , Montespan Florent , Ser-Le Roux Karine , De Leeuw Frédéric , Laplace-Builhé Corinne , Mauduit Philippe , Carosella Edgardo D. , Banzet Sébastien , Lataillade Jean-Jacques , Rouas-Freiss Nathalie , Uzan Georges , Peltzer Juliette 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Restoring blood supply to ischemic tissues is an essential goal for the successful treatment of these diseases. Growth factor or gene therapy efficacy remains controversial, but stem cell transplantation is emerging as an interesting approach to stimulate angiogenesis. Among the different stem cell populations, cord blood-endothelial progenitor cells (CB-EPCs) and more particularly cord blood-endothelial progenitor cell-derived endothelial colony forming cells (CB-ECFCs) have a great proliferative potential without exhibiting signs of senescence. Even if it was already described that CB-ECFCs were able to restore blood perfusion in hind-limb ischemia in an immunodeficient mouse model, until now, the immunogenic potential of allogenic CB-ECFCs remains controversial. Therefore, our objectives were to evaluate the immune tolerance potency of CB-ECFCs and their capacity to restore a functional vascular network under ischemic condition in immunocompetent mice.

Methods
In vitro, the expression and secretion of immunoregulatory markers (HLA-G, IL-10, and TGF-β1) were evaluated on CB-ECFCs. Moreover, CB-ECFCs were co-cultured with activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for 6 days. PBMC proliferation was evaluated by [3H]-thymidine incorporation on the last 18 h. In vivo, CB-ECFCs were administered in the spleen and muscle of immunocompetent mice. Tissues were collected at day 14 after surgery. Finally, CB-ECFCs were injected intradermally in C57BL/6JRj mice close to ischemic macrovessel induced by thermal cauterization. Mice recovered until day 5 and were imaged, twice a week until day 30.

Results
Firstly, we demonstrated that CB-ECFCs expressed HLA-G, IL-10, and TGF-β1 and secreted IL-10 and TGF-β1 and that they could display immunosuppressive properties in vitro. Secondly, we showed that CB-ECFCs could be tolerated until 14 days in immunocompetent mice. Thirdly, we revealed in an original ischemic model of dorsal chamber that CB-ECFCs were integrated in a new functional vascular network.

Conclusion
These results open up new perspectives about using CB-ECFCs as an allogeneic cell therapy product and gives new impulse to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
One-year survival in acute stroke patients requiring mechanical ventilation: a multicenter cohort study
Authors:   OUTCOMEREA Study Group, de Montmollin Etienne , Terzi Nicolas , Dupuis Claire , Garrouste-Orgeas Maité , da Silva Daniel , Darmon Michaël , Laurent Virginie , Thiéry Guillaume , Oziel Johana , Marcotte Guillaume , Gainnier Marc , Siami Shidasp , Sztrymf Benjamin , Adrie Christophe , Reignier Jean , Ruckly Stephane , Sonneville Romain , Timsit Jean-François 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Most prognostic studies in acute stroke patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation are outdated and have limitations such as single-center retrospective designs. We aimed to study the association of ICU admission factors, including the reason for intubation, with 1-year survival of acute stroke patients requiring mechanical ventilation.

Methods
We conducted a secondary data use analysis of a prospective multicenter database (14 ICUs) between 1997 and 2016 on consecutive ICU stroke patients requiring mechanical ventilation at admission. We excluded patients with stroke of traumatic origin, subdural hematoma or cerebral venous thrombosis. The primary outcome was survival 1 year after ICU admission. Factors associated with the primary outcome were identified using a multivariable Cox model stratified on inclusion center.

Results
We identified 419 patients (age 68 [58–76] years, males 60%) with a Glasgow coma score (GCS) of 4 [3–8] at admission. Stroke subtypes were acute ischemic stroke (AIS, 46%), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH, 42%) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH, 12%). At 1 year, 96 (23%) patients were alive. Factors independently associated with decreased 1-year survival were ICH and SAH stroke subtypes, a lower GCS score at admission, a higher non-neurological SOFA score. Conversely, patients receiving acute-phase therapy had improved 1-year survival. Intubation for acute respiratory failure or coma was associated with comparable survival hazard ratios, whereas intubation for seizure was not associated with a worse prognosis than for elective procedure. Survival did not improve over the study period, but patients included in the most recent period had more comorbidities and presented higher severity scores at admission.

Conclusions
In acute stroke patients requiring mechanical ventilation, the reason for intubation and the opportunity to receive acute-phase stroke therapy were independently associated with 1-year survival. These variables could assist in the decision process regarding the initiation of mechanical ventilation in acute stroke patients.
Big data security access control algorithm based on memory index acceleration in WSNs
Authors: Peng Jianhua , Zhou Hui , Meng Qingjie , Yang Jingli 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe access control is used to ensure these data security when WSN (wireless sensor network) with a large number of base stations transmits huge amount of data to a data center server. Meanwhile big data systems are used to efficiently store, manage, and use data from large-scale WSNs. In big data systems for WSNs, the traditional access control technology will greatly affect the system performance. This paper first analyzes the data processing flow of the traditional access control strategy in big data systems, analyzes its time complexity, and explores how it affects system performance. Then, we propose the big data security access control algorithm based on memory index acceleration in WSNs which has better performance over the traditional ones. In our experiments, under the same test environment and security strategy, the performance has been greatly improved with the proposed algorithm.
Endpoint boundedness for commutators of singular integral operators on weighted generalized Morrey spaces
Authors: Qi Jinyun , Yan Xuefang , Li Wenming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we obtain the endpoint boundedness for the commutators of singular integral operators with BMO functions and the associated maximal operators on weighted generalized Morrey spaces. We also get similar results for the commutators of fractional integral operators with BMO functions and the associated maximal operators.
New inequalities between the inverse hyperbolic tangent and the analogue for corresponding functions
Authors: Chen Xiao-Diao , Nie Long , Huang Wangkang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present new inequalities which reveal further relationship for both the inverse tangent function $\arctan (x)$arctan(x) and the inverse hyperbolic function $\operatorname{arctanh}(x)$arctanh(x). At the same time, we give the analogue for inverse hyperbolic tangent and other corresponding functions.