bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of water soluble poloxamer/pluronic‐mastic gum‐gum acacia‐based wound dressing
Authors: Buyana B. , Aderibigbe B.A. , Ray S. S. , Ndinteh D. T. , Fonkui Y.T. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBacterial infections are serious complications associated with wounds. Wounds can become chronic due to bacterial infections. In this research, lyophilized wound dressings were prepared from poloxamer, pluronic, mastic gum, and gum acacia. The wound dressings were loaded with metal‐based nanoparticles and carbon‐based materials. They exhibited effective antibacterial activity, water‐soluble, biodegradable with the capability to absorb large amounts of wound exudates. The bandages were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy followed by porosity and water uptake. TEM confirmed the successful incorporation of the metal‐based NPs and carbon‐based materials into the wound dressings. The TGA confirmed that the wound dressings are thermally stable. The wound dressings were also characterized by a high uptake of water to form a gel which was soluble in water indicating their useful application for wounds with large wound exudate, sensitive and damaged skin. The unique properties of the wound dressings indicate that they are potential materials for the treatment of chronic wounds in patients with sensitive skin. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48728.
Effects of dl‐3‐n‐butylphthalide on serum lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 and hypersensitive C‐reactive protein levels in acute cerebral infarction
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Lei , Dong Yin‐Tao , Liu Yi , Zhang Yi , Li Ting‐Ting , Hu Feng‐Yun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to explore the curative effect of dl‐3‐n‐butylphthalide (NBP) on patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) and its effects on serum lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) and hypersensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) levels.MethodsA total of 136 ACI patients treated in our hospital, who met the criteria, were selected and randomly divided into two groups: control group (n = 60, including 28 males and 32 females) and treatment group (n = 76, including 32 males and 44 females). Patients in the control group were treated with routine drug therapy, while patients in the treatment group were treated with NBP on this basis. A dose of 100 ml was administered by intravenous injection for 2 times/day, for 14 days. The curative effect was evaluated using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Barthel index (BI) self‐care ability. The levels of the two factors in serum were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and the changes in levels of these two factors in serum at different time points before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results(a) Lp‐PLA2 and hs‐CRP levels in the treatment group after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment and those in the control group after treatment (p < .05). (b) The NIHSS and BI scores in the treatment group were significantly lower after treatment than before treatment and those in the control group after treatment (p < .05).ConclusionDl‐3‐n‐butylphthalide can improve the expression of Lp‐PLA2 and hs‐CRP in serum in ACI patients. Furthermore, NBP has significant efficacy in inhibiting inflammation and improving neurological symptoms.
Every‐other‐day palonosetron plus aprepitant for prevention of emesis following induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia: A randomized, controlled study from the “Rete Ematologica Pugliese”
Authors: Di Renzo Nicola , Melillo Lorella , Porretto Fernando , Dargenio Michela , Pavone Vincenzo , Pastore Domenico , Mazza Patrizio , Mannina Donato , Merenda Anxur , Cascavilla Nicola , Greco Giuseppina , Matera Rosella , Bonizzoni Erminio , Celio Luigi , Musso Maurizio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundCompared with older 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists, palonosetron requires fewer drug administrations to prevent chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) following multiple‐day chemotherapy. We conducted a phase II multicenter study comparing palonosetron plus aprepitant to palonosetron alone in patients undergoing a range of induction chemotherapy regimens for acute myeloid leukemia (AML).MethodsPatients were randomized to palonosetron (0.25 mg) every other day until the last dose of chemotherapy alone or with aprepitant on days 1‐3. Patients mainly received an anthracycline on days 1‐3 plus cytarabine administered for 5‐10 days. The primary end point was complete response (CR; no emesis and no rescue medication) over the whole study period (days of chemotherapy plus two additional days). Unplanned analysis of time to anti‐emetic treatment failure (TTF) was also performed.ResultsOf the 134 patients enrolled in the study, 130 were evaluable: 68 subjects received palonosetron plus aprepitant and 62 received palonosetron alone. Although the primary end point of CR was similar between the treatment arms (72% vs 69%; P = .55), a higher proportion of patients treated with palonosetron plus aprepitant were free from nausea during the whole study period (43% vs 27%; P = .03). There was also a significant difference in favor of the two‐drug regimens in TTF (median: 5 days vs 3 days; P = .03).ConclusionsThe study suggests that every‐other‐day palonosetron plus 3‐day aprepitant can add clinical benefit to the control of CINV caused by multiple‐day, corticosteroid‐free chemotherapy for AML. In this challenging setting of CINV, further investigations of palonosetron in combination with aprepitant administered with an expanded schedule are warranted.ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT02205164.
Porous Nitrogen‐Doped Carbons as Effective Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Synthesized from Cellulose and Polyamide
Authors: Xu Jiahuan , Xia Chunlin , Li Ming , Xiao Rui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe development of catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction with excellent performance, low cost, and long‐time stability is significant for energy conversion devices like fuel cells. Herein, micro/mesoporous nitrogen‐doped carbon has been successfully fabricated through one‐step pyrolysis and activation by using cellulose and polyamide as precursors and ZnCl2 as activator. The sample displayed the comparable ORR catalytic activity (onset potential, 0.986 V vs. RHE) with commercial platinum‐based catalysts as well as excellent durability to methanol crossover effect. Furthermore, the correlations between ORR performance and chemical and structural properties (i. e. graphitic N and pyridinic N content, ID/IG, BET specific surface area and micropore volume) have been investigated. This report provided a facile and cost‐effective method of transforming nylon waste and biomass‐derived resource into nitrogen‐doped carbon.
New chiral stationary phases for liquid chromatography based on small molecules: Development, enantioresolution evaluation and chiral recognition mechanisms
Authors: Phyo Ye' Zaw , Teixeira Joana , Tiritan Maria Elizabeth , Cravo Sara , Palmeira Andreia , Gales Luís , Silva Artur M.S. , Pinto Madalena M.M. , Kijjoa Anake , Fernandes Carla 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecently, we reported the development of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for liquid chromatography (LC) based on chiral derivatives of xanthones (CDXs). Based on the most promising CDX selectors, 12 new CSPs were successfully prepared starting from suitable functionalized small molecules including xanthone and benzophenone derivatives. The chiral selectors comprising one, two, three, or four chiral moieties were covalently bonded to a chromatographic support and further packed into LC stainless‐steel columns (150 × 2.1 mm I.D.). The enantioselective performance of the new CSPs was evaluated by LC using different classes of chiral compounds. Specificity for enantioseparation of some CDXs was observed in the evaluation of the new CSPs. Besides, assessment of chiral recognition mechanisms was performed by computational studies using molecular docking approach, which are in accordance with the chromatographic parameters. X‐Ray analysis was used to establish a chiral selector 3D structure.
Neuron types in the zebrafish optic tectum labeled by an id2b transgene
Authors: DeMarco Elisabeth , Xu Nina , Baier Herwig , Robles Estuardo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe larval zebrafish optic tectum has emerged as a prominent model for understanding how neural circuits control visually guided behaviors. Further advances in this area will require tools to monitor and manipulate tectal neurons with cell type specificity. Here, we characterize the morphology and neurotransmitter phenotype of tectal neurons labeled by an id2b:gal4 transgene. Whole‐brain imaging of stable transgenic id2b:gal4 larvae revealed labeling in a subset of neurons in optic tectum, cerebellum, and hindbrain. Genetic mosaic labeling of single neurons within the id2b:gal4 expression pattern enabled us to characterize three tectal neuron types with distinct morphologies and connectivities. The first is a neuron type previously identified in the optic tectum of other teleost fish: the tectal pyramidal neuron (PyrN). PyrNs are local interneurons that form two stratified dendritic arbors and one stratified axonal arbor in the tectal neuropil. The second tectal neuron type labeled by the id2b:gal4 transgene is a projection neuron that forms a stratified dendritic arbor in the tectal neuropil and an axon that exits tectum to form a topographic projection to torus longitudinalis (TL). A third neuron type labeled is a projection neuron with a nonstratified dendritic arbor and a descending axonal projection to tegmentum. These findings establish the id2b:gal4 transgenic as a useful tool for future studies aimed at elucidating the functional role of tectum, TL, and tegmentum in visually guided behaviors.
Harnessing the Photocatalytic Potential of Polypyrroles in Water through Nanointervension: Synthesis and Photophysical Evaluation of Biodegradable Polypyrrolic Nanoencapsulates
Authors: Nikhileshwar Reddy Yeddula , Singh Thakur Neeraj , Bhaumik Jayeeta 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPolypyrroles, being natural mimics, have promising photophysical properties which facilitate light harvesting. Due to the lack of solubility in aqueous media, their practical applications are restricted. Hence, the development of biodegradable polymeric nanoencapsulates can be of considerable interest to leverage the photophysical properties of polypyrroles. Herein, we report the high‐yielding synthesis of polypyrroles (BODIPYs and porphyrins) which were further encapsulated into PLGA polymer to impart hydrophilicity into them. The polypyrroles and their nanoencapsulates were further examined for photophysical properties (namely, fluorescence quantum yield, singlet oxygen quantum yield, and fluorescence lifetime measurements). Then the photocatalytic dye degradation potential of the synthesized entities in the presence of low‐cost LED lights was evaluated and correlated with their photophysical characteristics. This photocatalytic phenomenon exhibited by the polypyrrolic nanoencapsulates can be further translated for various light harvesting applications.
Do income taxes affect corporate social responsibility? Evidence from European‐listed companies
Authors: Gandullia Luca , Piserà Stefano 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study explores empirically the effects of corporate income taxes on the incentive to invest in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. We estimate the relation between CSR ratings and firm‐specific corporate effective tax rates for a large sample of nonfinancial‐listed companies from 15 European countries during 2006–2016. By employing an instrumental variable approach, we find that average effective tax rates are negatively correlated with CSR ratings. Our findings are also consistent under additional tests and robustness checks. We, therefore, can provide suggestive evidence that corporate taxation discourages corporate socially responsible behaviour. At the same time, in a tax policy perspective, our analysis suggests how countries could encourage through the tax system the corporate provision of sustainable investments.
Sustainable Ligand‐Free, Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions in Water: Insights into the Role of Base
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhang Wei‐qiang , Sun Huaming , Zhang Kan , Jian Yajun , Gu Quan , Zhang Guofang , Li Jiyang , Gao Ziwei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA simple and efficient system was developed for the ligand‐free Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura reaction in water under mild conditions. Quaternary ammonium hydroxides with long chains were found to be very suitable bases. This ligand‐free Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura reaction showed improved durability in water with Pd loadings decreased to ppm level. Bases were shown to stabilize active palladium species in addition to acting as a base during the catalytic process. In the catalytic system with a strong base, the soluble active PdII ion exhibited anti‐reduction properties, which prevented aggregation and deactivation of Pd species. The entire catalytic system could be recycled after separating the product by simple filtration. The water‐compatible and air‐stable effective catalytic protocol described herein represents an attractive and green synthetic advance in Suzuki–Miyaura couplings.
Annual banned‐substance review – Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing
Authors: Thevis Mario , Kuuranne Tiia , Geyer Hans 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWithin the complex construct of today's antidoping work, continuously updated routine doping controls, as well as advancements in sampling and analysis have been of particular relevance and importance. New analytes of existing classes of prohibited substances are frequently included into sports drug testing assays, analytical approaches are optimized to allow for better sensitivities, selectivity, and/or faster turnaround times, and research dedicated to addressing analytical issues concerning scenarios of both (potentially) inadvertent doping and new emerging doping agents is constantly conducted. By way of reviewing and summarizing, this annual banned‐substance review evaluates the literature published between October 2018 and September 2019 offering an in‐depth evaluation of developments in these arenas and their potential application to substances reported in WADA's 2019 Prohibited List.
Interferon regulatory factor 6 is required for proper wound healing in vivo
Authors: Rhea Lindsey , Canady Franklin J. , Le Marc , Reeb Tanner , Canady John W. , Kacmarynski Deborah S. F. , Avvari Rishika , Biggs Leah C. , Dunnwald Martine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundVan der Woude syndrome (VWS) is the most common form of syndromic orofacial cleft caused predominantly by mutations in Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6). We previously reported that individuals with VWS have increased risk of wound healing complications following cleft repair compared with individuals with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate—NSCLP). In vitro, absence of IRF6 leads to impaired keratinocyte migration and embryonic wound healing. However, there is currently no data on tissue repair in adult animals and cells with reduced levels of IRF6 like in VWS.ResultsExcisional wounds of Irf6+/− and wild‐type animals were analyzed 4 and 7 days post‐wounding. Although all wounds were reepithelialized after 7 days, the epidermal and wound volume of repaired wounds was larger in Irf6+/−. These data were supported by increased keratinocyte proliferation in the neoformed epidermis and a less mature granulation tissue with increased cytokine levels. This effect was not cell autonomous, as Irf6+/− neonatal keratinocytes in vitro did not exhibit defects in scratch wound closure or proliferation. Keratinocytes from individuals with VWS also migrated similarly to keratinocytes from NSCLP individuals.ConclusionsThese data support a role for IRF6 in wound healing by regulating keratinocyte proliferation, granulation tissue maturation, and cytokine levels.
Identifying climate refugia and its potential impact on Tibetan brown bear (Ursus arctos pruinosus) in Sanjiangyuan National Park, China
Authors: Dai Yunchuan , Hacker Charlotte E. , Zhang Yuguang , Li Wenwen , Zhang Yu , Liu Haodong , Zhang Jingjie , Ji Yunrui , Xue Yadong , Li Diqiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractClimate change has direct impacts on wildlife and future biodiversity protection efforts. Vulnerability assessment and habitat connectivity analyses are necessary for drafting effective conservation strategies for threatened species such as the Tibetan brown bear (Ursus arctos pruinosus). We used the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to assess the current (1950–2000) and future (2041–2060) habitat suitability by combining bioclimatic and environmental variables, and identified potential climate refugia for Tibetan brown bears in Sanjiangyuan National Park, China. Next, we selected Circuit model to simulate potential migration paths based on current and future climatically suitable habitat. Results indicate a total area of potential suitable habitat under the current climate scenario of approximately 31,649.46 km2, of which 28,778.29 km2 would be unsuitable by the 2050s. Potentially suitable habitat under the future climate scenario was projected to cover an area of 23,738.6 km2. Climate refugia occupied 2,871.17 km2, primarily in the midwestern and northeastern regions of Yangtze River Zone, as well as the northern region of Yellow River Zone. The altitude of climate refugia ranged from 4,307 to 5,524 m, with 52.93% lying at altitudes between 4,300 and 4,600 m. Refugia were mainly distributed on bare rock, alpine steppe, and alpine meadow. Corridors linking areas of potentially suitable brown bear habitat and a substantial portion of paths with low‐resistance value were distributed in climate refugia. We recommend various actions to ameliorate the impact of climate change on brown bears, such as protecting climatically suitable habitat, establishing habitat corridors, restructuring conservation areas, and strengthening monitoring efforts.
Abdominal microbial communities in ants depend on colony membership rather than caste and are linked to colony productivity
Authors: Segers Francisca H. I. D. , Kaltenpoth Martin , Foitzik Susanne 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGut bacteria aid their host in digestion and pathogen defense, and bacterial communities that differ in diversity or composition may vary in their ability to do so. Typically, the gut microbiomes of animals living in social groups converge as members share a nest environment and frequently interact. Social insect colonies, however, consist of individuals that differ in age, physiology, and behavior, traits that could affect gut communities or that expose the host to different bacteria, potentially leading to variation in the gut microbiome within colonies. Here we asked whether bacterial communities in the abdomen of Temnothorax nylanderi ants, composed largely of the gut microbiome, differ between different reproductive and behavioral castes. We compared microbiomes of queens, newly eclosed workers, brood carers, and foragers by high‐throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. Additionally, we sampled individuals from the same colonies twice, in the field and after 2 months of laboratory housing. To disentangle the effects of laboratory environment and season on microbial communities, additional colonies were collected at the same location after 2 months. There were no large differences between ant castes, although queens harbored more diverse microbial communities than workers. Instead, we found effects of colony, environment, and season on the abdominal microbiome. Interestingly, colonies with more diverse communities had produced more brood. Moreover, the queens' microbiome composition was linked to egg production. Although long‐term coevolution between social insects and gut bacteria has been repeatedly evidenced, our study is the first to find associations between abdominal microbiome characteristics and colony productivity in social insects.
Computationally efficient joint species distribution modeling of big spatial data
Authors: Tikhonov Gleb , Duan Li , Abrego Nerea , Newell Graeme , White Matt , Dunson David , Ovaskainen Otso 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe ongoing global change and the increased interest in macroecological processes call for the analysis of spatially extensive data on species communities to understand and forecast distributional changes of biodiversity. Recently developed joint species distribution models can deal with numerous species efficiently, while explicitly accounting for spatial structure in the data. However, their applicability is generally limited to relatively small spatial data sets because of their severe computational scaling as the number of spatial locations increases. In this work, we propose a practical alleviation of this scalability constraint for joint species modeling by exploiting two spatial‐statistics techniques that facilitate the analysis of large spatial data sets: Gaussian predictive process and nearest‐neighbor Gaussian process. We devised an efficient Gibbs posterior sampling algorithm for Bayesian model fitting that allows us to analyze community data sets consisting of hundreds of species sampled from up to hundreds of thousands of spatial units. The performance of these methods is demonstrated using an extensive plant data set of 30,955 spatial units as a case study. We provide an implementation of the presented methods as an extension to the hierarchical modeling of species communities framework.
LCMV‐specific CD4 T cell dependent polyclonal B‐cell activation upon persistent viral infection is short lived and extrafollicular
Authors: Greczmiel Ute , Kräutler Nike J. , Borsa Mariana , Pedrioli Alessandro , Bartsch Ilka , Richter Kirsten , Agnellini Paola , Bedenikovic Gregor , Oxenius Annette 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPersistent virus infections with non‐ or poorly cytopathic viruses are commonly associated with B cell dysregulations. These include the induction of hypergammaglobulinemia and the emergence of virus‐unspecific antibodies. These seemingly unspecific antibody responses interfere with the virus‐specific humoral immunity and contribute to delayed virus control. Whether these virus‐unspecific antibodies are induced in the B cell follicle or at extrafollicular sites and whether one specific CD4 T cell subset is involved in the polyclonal B cell activation is unclear. Here we studied virus‐unrelated IgG antibody responses against self or foreign antigens in the context of persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. We found that the LCMV‐unspecific antibody response is short‐lived and induced predominantly at extrafollicular sites and depends on the presence of LCMV‐specific CD4 T cells. Our data support a scenario in which activated, virus‐specific CD4 T cells provide help to non‐specific B cells at extrafollicular sites, supporting the production of virus unspecific IgG antibodies during persistent viral infection.