bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lei e Estado Social: da legislação operária aos dilemas do welfare “sem lei”.
Authors: Cazzetta Giovanni 
Published: January 2020

RESUMODiante do atual debate no cenário europeu acerca da possibilidade de manutenção dos direitos sociais em meio à desregulação estatal, este artigo aborda a construção desses direitos no fim do século XIX e início do século XX, inicialmente garantidos por instituições parcialmente estatais. Por meio da análise de coleções legislativas comentadas, o autor apresenta perspectivas da época acerca do assentamento da legislação social dentro do direito civil italiano, além da posterior expansão da legislação social pela Europa.PALAVRAS-CHAVEHistória do direito. Direitos sociais. Legislação social. Intervenção estatal. ABSTRACTIn faced of the current European debate on the possibility of maintaining social rights in the midst of state deregulation, this article addresses the construction of such rights in the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Those rights were initially guaranteed by partially public institutions. Through the analysis of commented legislative collections, the author presents perspectives of that time concerning the settlement of social legislation within Italian civil law, besides the subsequent expansion of social legislation throughout Europe.KEYWORDSLegal history. Social rights. Social legislation. State intervention.
Evaluating the impact of maintenance policies associated to SLA contracts on the dependability of data centers electrical infrastructures
Authors: Melo Felipe Fernandes Lima , Silva Junior Joao Ferreira , De Almeida Callou Gustavo Rau 
Published: January 2020

Due to the growth of cloud computing, data center environment has grown in importance and in use. Data centers are responsible for maintaining and processing several critical-value applications. Therefore, data center infrastructures must be evaluated in order to improve the high availability and reliability demanded for such environments. This work adopts Stochastic Petri Nets (SPN) to evaluate the impact of maintenance policies on the data center dependability. The main goal is to analyze maintenance policies, associated to SLA contracts, and to propose improvements. In order to accomplish this, an optimization strategy that uses Euclidean distance is adopted to indicate the most appropriate solution assuming conflicting requirements (e.g., cost and availability). To illustrate the applicability of the proposed models and approach, this work presents case studies comparing different SLA contracts and maintenance policies (preventive and corrective) applied on data center electrical infrastructures.
Oral lesions of higher clinical frequency in children – literature review
Authors: Bettega Patrícia Vida Cassi , Navarro Lorena Bortolini , Bendo Cristiane Baccin , Paiva Saul Martins , Da Cruz Poliana Valdelice , Martins Carolina Castro , Serra-Negra Júnia Maria , Johann Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective: The objective of this article is to present to the dental professionals, through a literature review, the main oral lesions that are part of the odontopediatric stomatology, in order to improve the knowledge and attention to the health of the pediatric patients. Methods: The searches were carried out in the following bibliographic databases - PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS and Bireme. Data synthesis: This article deals with the description of the most frequent oral lesions in Pediatric Dentistry, ranging from characteristic changes in the newborn to pathological, non-pathological, congenital, fluid retained, ulcerative and those related to the main infectious diseases of childhood, with clinical manifestations in the oral cavity. Conclusion: It is very important, for General Practitioner and Pediatric Dentistry to,recognize oral lesions in children, to make a correct and early diagnosis of them, in order to improve the knowledge, attention to the health and quality of life of the pediatric patients.
RESUMO
Objetivo: apresentar aos profissionais da Odontologia, por meio de uma revisão da literatura, as principais lesões bucais que fazem parte da Odontopediatria, a fim de melhorar o conhecimento e a atenção à saúde dos pacientes pediátricos. Métodos: As buscas foram realizadas nas seguintes bases de dados bibliográficas - PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS e Bireme. Síntese dos dados: Este artigo trata da descrição das lesões bucais mais frequentes na Odontopediatria, desde mudanças características no recém-nascido até patológicas, não patológicas, congênitas, lesões com retenção de líquido, ulcerativas e aquelas relacionadas às principais doenças infecciosas da infância, com manifestações clínicas na cavidade bucal. Conclusão: É muito importante, para o clínico geral e para o odontopediatra, reconhecer as diversas lesões que podem acometer a cavidade bucal das crianças, propiciando um diagnóstico correto e precoce das mesmas, a fim de melhorar o conhecimento, atenção à saúde e qualidade de vida dos pacientes pediátricos. .
UM ESTUDO COMPARADO DA DIPLOMACIA DE LULA NO ORIENTE MÉDIO E AHMADINEJAD NA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Souza Bruno Mendelski de 
Published: January 2020

The article compares Lula’s foreign policy to the Middle East with Ahmadinejad’s to Latin America. Methodologically, the historical concepts of each diplomacy is combined with empirical data on trade flows and diplomatic actions. It is argued that the implementation of foreign policies involved similar (presidential diplomacy) and distinct means (universalism and multilateralism by Brazil, and personalism, bilateralism and low institutionalization by Iran). The results of diplomacies also resembled: although the economic implications were modest, Brasilia politically increased its global projection capacity, while Tehran relatively reduced its international isolation.
INTEGRAÇÃO REGIONAL: O MERCOSUL NA ENSEADA DAS ORIENTAÇÕES POLÍTICAS
Authors: Fernandes Marcelo Pereira , Wegner Rubia 
Published: January 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyze the change in the orientation of Brazil’s foreign policy after the beginning of the Temer government, highlighting the main measures related to MERCOSUR. With the appointment of José Serra as Minister of Foreign Affairs, a profound change of position took place in relation to the way in which Brazil has guided its foreign policy since 2003, especially in relation to MERCOSUR. Evidence shows that the focus of South-South integration is likely to give rise to a project of rapprochement with Western powers, notably the United States.
A IMPORTÂNCIA ESTRATÉGICA DA ANTÁRTICA PARA CHINA E INDIA A LUZ DO REALISMO OFENSIVO DE MEARSHEIMER
Authors: Portella de Aguiar Mônica Heinzelmann , Mattos Leonardo Faria de 
Published: January 2020

The Antarctic Treaty was signed during the Cold War and intended to preserve the continent and transform it into a conflict free territory, prioritizing scientific cooperation. Despite having quadrupled the number of its signatories, the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) faces nowadays the uncertainties of the new international order. Starting out from John Mearsheimer’s realistic perspective, this paper aims to analyze, the strategic importance of Antarctica and the interests that China and India have on the continent, as well as speculate on how their rise on the international scenario can impact the future of the Antarctic Treaty System.
CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE MARINHAS: UMA PROPOSTA DE METODOLOGIA COMPARATIVA
Authors: Alves de Almeida Francisco Eduardo , Pereira Cabral Ricardo 
Published: January 2020

Classification of navies according to their relative power has been a challenge for the academic area that works with issues in the field of Security and Defense. Qualitative ratings have been presented by renowned researchers such as Colin Gray, Hervé Coutau-Begarie and Michael Morris, however these attempts have stumbled in its simplicity and little scope. From studies based on open access sources, this paper tries to develop a comparative methodology that would not only take into account qualitative but also quantitative factors. This innovative method was used to classify the navy of the different states in a ranking of power taking into account parameters such as the number of means, shipbuilding capacity, number of bases and arsenals, naval assets and availability of resources, among others, in order to rank naval powers. This methodology aims to reduce uncertainties in the classification of navies and serve as a reference for future works in the academic area that are dedicated to the fields of Security and Defense.
COOPERAÇÃO REGIONAL NA SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA: AVALIAÇÃO DO QUADRO NORMATIVO NO CONTEXTO DA UNASUL
Authors: Viggiano Juliana 
Published: January 2020

This paper considers the normative framework that support regional cooperative practices in public security based on the activities carried out by UNASUR’s South American Council on Citizen Security, Justice and Coordination of Actions against Transnational Organized Crime. The article discusses differences and similarities between the conceptions of cooperation and public policies, analyzes the documents produced within the Council and presents limitations, obstacles and opportunities identified from the reading of these documents with regard to regional cooperation in public security.
Incentivized Time Preferences, Level of Education in a Household and Financial Literacy: Laboratory Evidence
Authors: Mudzingiri Calvin , Mwamba John W. Muteba , Keyser Jacobus Nicolaas 
Published: January 2020

This study investigates the impact of financial literacy, level of education in a household and gender differences on time preferences of students at a university in South Africa. The study relies on a convenient sample of (N=85, female=48%) pursuing a financial literacy course. The study uses a questionnaire, a financial literacy test and a simple binary choice experimental game that elicited individual time discount rate to gather data. Ten percent of the participants were paid (in South African rands) for their time preference choices by way of quota random sampling. Female university studentsâ€™ individual time discount rate was found to be on average higher than that of their male counterparts, indicating that female university students are generally impatient, especially those with low levels of financial literacy. Our results (using a Negative Binomial Regression analysis and Ordinary Least Squares regression analysis) show that time preferences of university students aresignificantly influenced by highest level of education in the household. The OLS regression model shows that financial literacy, measured using financial literacy test, significantly influence time preferences for all subjects. The study concluded that patience levels among male university students increase as financial literacy increases. Gender, income, age and family size significantly influence time preferences of university students. Highest level of education in a household, financial literacy and gender differences have a bearing on individual time preferences.
A Comparison of Rural and Urban Tourism Experiences: A South African Example
Authors: Amoah Felix , Radder Laetitia , Van Eyk MarlÃ 
Published: January 2020

Tourism is a rewarding sector for several countries as it presents opportunities for growth and development. While tourism attractions are predominantly located in either a rural or an urban destination, literature lacks comparative research about experiences in these two contexts. The purpose of this study was to compare touristsâ€™ experiences of visiting a rural or an urban destination in South Africa. Data were conveniently obtained from 401 tourists who visited either one of two rural, or one of two selected urban tourist destinations. This study found significant differences in tourist perceptions for escape and peace of mind. Tourists felt more strongly/positive that they were escaping when visiting a rural tourism destination than when visiting an urban tourism destination. However, the study also revealed that tourists felt more secure and safe and that their privacy was prioritised (peace of mind) at an urban tourism destination than at a rural tourism destination. Tourism destination managers and governments may use the findings of the study to improve the tourist experience and promote a competitive platform for the tourism destination to attract more tourists.
Efficiency Estimates of Public Health Center II Facilities in Southwestern Uganda
Authors: Tindimwebwa Kenneth , Kidane Asmerom , Joel Silas 
Published: January 2020

The study estimates the efficiency of public health centre II (HCII) facilities in Southwestern Uganda. Specifically, it determines the level of technical efficiency (TE), scale efficiency (SE) and estimates the economic savings required to make inefficient public health facilities efficient. An output-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is employed in the estimation of TE and SE. It was found out that 73 % of the HCIIs were technically inefficient while 27% were technically efficient. Mean TE stood at 72.3% implying that an average HCII could potentially improve its efficiency by increasing its outputs by 27.7%. In addition, 77% of the facilities were SE implying that they obtained the most productive scale size given the input-output combination. 23% of the facilities were scaled inefficient implying that they have more input waste attributable to their size. There is great potential for economic savings shown by different magnitudes of input reductions and output augmentations required to make inefficient facilities efficient. The study has important policy implications. The health sector should embark on rigorous periodic research and development to enhance healthcare delivery efficiently. Since the health units are small, there is a need to augment their scale sizes and improve on their management practices so as to enhance their overall productivity and efficiency. Stakeholders should scale up efforts to attract, align skills with needs and improve retention and motivation of the health workforce. Holistic investment in resource inputs is essential. A comprehensive monitoring and evaluation plan with key verifiable indicators to monitor the overall health sector performance is required.
Measuring employee engagement of low-income workers either working at or visiting Marabastad Mall in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality
Authors: Maleka Molefe Jonathan , Schultz Cecile , Van Hoek Lize , Dachapalli Leigh-Anne Paul , Ragadu Suzette 
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to measure employee engagement of low-income workers either working at or visiting Marabastad Mall in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (CTMM). The literature review revealed that in the South African context there is a dearth of research on predictors of employee engagement. The research design was a survey and the sample size was six hundred and forty-nine (n=649). The descriptive statistics show that the respondents were moderately disengaged, disaffected, and committed. The descriptive statistics also revealed that respondents moderately disagreed that they had training opportunities and they had a good quality of work life. The inferential statistics showed that males were more engaged than their female counterparts, part-time employees were slightly more engaged than full-time employees and employees who were unionised were more engaged than the non-union members. It was also found that job satisfaction was the highest predictor of employee engagement (Î² = 0.28, p<0.05). The study has implications for policymakers that employees earning between R1 000.00 and R10 000.00 are less engaged and committed and their job satisfaction levels were low. The implication for managers is that they must be aware that development and recognition of employees and job satisfaction predict employee engagement. Quality of work life and labour relations did not predict employee engagement
Analisis Prevalensi dan Terapi Pada Pada Pasien Diabetes dan Hipertensi Yang Menjalani Hemodialisis dengan Co-Infeksi Hepatitis C di Rumah Sakit Islam Cempaka Putih Jakarta
Authors: Rahmatillah Diana Laila , K Gian Fisoma 
Published: January 2020

Dari profil kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2008 yang diterbitkan Kemenkes menunjukkan angka kasus hepatitis C sebanyak 7234 kasus di tahun 2008 dimana hemodialisis merupakan faktor terbanyak. Penularan itu kemungkinan disebabkan oleh penggunaan dialyzer reuse, transfusi darah, serta praktek pengendalian infeksi yang tidak sesuai standar di ruang hemodialisis. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan terapi Hepatitis C pada pasien diabetes dan hipertensi yang menjalani hemodialisis dengan co-infeksi Hepatitis C di Rumah Sakit Islam Cempaka Putih Jakarta. Cohort prospektif dengan design universal sampling. Pengambilan data berlangsung selama 3 bulan. Data dianalisis menggunakan program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS® 22) kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk narasi, tabular maupun diagram. Total populasi sampel adalah 172 dimana 60 diantaranya diketahui terinfeksi hepatitis C. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, perempuan lebih banyak terinfeksi hepatitis C di bandingkan laki-laki yaitu 60% pada perempuan dan 40% pada laki-laki. Sebanyak 26. 6 % pasien yang menjalani hemodialsis yang terinfeksi hepatitis C adalah pasien hipertensi sedangkan 31.6 % diantaranya adalah pasien diabetes, namun 41.6% diantaranya adalah pasien hipertensi dengan diabetes komplikasi. Hepatitis lebih banyak ditemukan pada perempuan dan Ribavirin merupakan terapi Hepatitis C yang ditemukan pada semua pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis dengan komplikasi hepatitis C di Rumah Sakit Islam Cempaka Putih Jakarta.
Peran Apoteker Dalam Pharmaceutical Care; Konseling Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Pasien TBC Rawat Inap Bagian Infection Center RSU dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo
Authors: Handayany Gemy Nastity , Farida Farida 
Published: January 2020

Pelayanankefarmasianmerupakanpelayanan yang tidak terpisahkandarisistempelayanankesehatandirumahsakit. Pelayanan farmasi inilah yang mendorong rumah sakit untuk senantiasameningkatkanmutupelayanan dalam rangkamencapaikepuasan pasien dalam halpengetahuantentangpenyakit yang dideritatermasukpenyakit TBC, hal ini juga disebut dengan pharmaceutical care. Berdasarkan fakta yang terjadi di lapanganterlihatbahwamasihbanyak pasien yang kurang pahammengenaihal-hal yang terkait dengan penyakit TBC, baik darisegipengobatanhingga proses penyembuhan. Hal ini diperkirakanterjadikarena pasien tidak mendapatkanKonseling yang baik oleh apoteker atau tidak pernahmendapatkankonseling sama sekali. Olehkarena itu peneliti ingin mengetahuipengaruhPharmaceutical care terhadaptingkatpengetahuan pasien TBC sertatingkatkepatuhan pasien dalam pengobatan TBC. Berdasarkan hasilanalisisuji paired sample t-test diperolehnilaisignifikasisebesar 0.001 (p < 0.05). Dari hasiltersebut dapat disimpulkanbahwaadaperbedaantingkatpengetahuansetelahdiberikankonseling. Sehingga dapat disimbulkanbahwapengetahuan pasien sebelum diberikanpharmaceutical care dalam hal ini konseling lebih kecil atau rendah dibandingkan dengan setelahdiberikannyapharmaceutical care terhadap pasien mengenaipenyakit TBC.
Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Afrika (Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch. Bip, Ex walp) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah dan Histopatologi Pankreas Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Streptocotocin dan Pakan Tinggi Lemak
Authors: Tandi Joni , Mariani Ni Made Irma , Setiawati Ni Putu 
Published: January 2020

Daun afrika (Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip.Ex Walp) mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, steroid dan tanin. Telah dilakukan penelitian dari ekstrak etanol daun afrika (EEDA) terhadap gambaran histopatologi pankreas dan glukosa darah tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus) hiperkolesterolemia-diabetes. Tikus hiperkolesterolemia-diabetes diperoleh dengan cara diinduksi pakan tinggi lemak dan streptozotocin. Penelitian bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek EEDA dalam meregenerasi sel β pankreas dan kadar glukosa darah pada tikus hiperkolesterolemia-diabetes, serta mengetahui dosis efektifnya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah true-experimental laboratorium dengan pre and post test with randomized control group design. Subjek penelitian yaitu 35 ekor tikus putih hiperkolesterolemia-diabetes dibagi menjadi 7 kelompok, tiap kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor. Kelompok I (kontrol normal) dan II (kontrol negatif) diberikan Na-CMC 0,5%, III (kontrol positif 1 ) diberikan simvastatin, IV (kontrol positif 2 ) diberikan metformin, kelompok IV, V, dan VI diberikan EEDA dosis 50; 100; 150 mg/kgBB. Data kadar glukosa darah dan kolesterol total diuji secara statistik (one way ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan uji non parametik (Kruskal-Wallis) pada taraf kepercayaan 95%, jika terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan maka dilakukan uji (Man Whitney) untuk menentukan perbedaan yang berarti dari setiap kelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pemberian EEDA mampu meregenerasi sel β pankreas dan glukosa darah tikus hiperkolesterolemia-diabetes. EEDA dosis 150 mg/kgBB efektif meregenerasi sel β pankreas dan EEDA dosis 150 mg/kg BB efektif terhadap kadar glukosa darah.
Kajian Interaksi Obat Antihipertensi Pada Pasien Rawat Inap di Salah Satu Rumah Sakit di Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: Indriani Lusi , Oktaviani Emy 
Published: January 2020

Dewasa ini, penyakit hipertensi menjadi salah satu penyakit degeneratif yang umum terjadi pada kalangan masyarakat di dunia khususnya Indonesia. Pengobatan hipertensi dalam jangka waktu lama seringkali menimbulkan masalah baru pada penderita seperti munculnya komplikasi baik yang berasal dari obat maupun penyakit. Tingginya resiko komplikasi menyebabkan meningkatnya jumlah obat dan menyebabkan meningkatnya resiko interaksi obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi kejadian interaksi obat antihipertensi berdasarkan tingkat signifikansi, tingkat keparahan dan mekanisme terbanyak serta mengidentifikasi obat antihipertensi yang paling sering berinteraksi. Desain penelitian observasional non eksperimental pendekatan retrospektif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Rekam medis pasien sebanyak 74 pasien dilakukan kajian interaksi obat secara teoritik dengan penapisan secara manual menggunakan buku teks Drug Interactions Facts oleh David S. Tatro (2009) dan penapisan secara online menggunakan Medscape dan Drugs.com. Analisis data dengan menghitung persentase interaksi obat berdasarkan tingkat signifikansi, mekanisme, dan tingkat keparahan. Potensi kejadian interaksi obat terjadi pada 49 pasien (66,2%) dengan jumlah 169 kasus interaksi. Berdasarkan mekanisme terdapat 108 kasus (63,9%) interaksi farmakodinamik dan 25 kasus (14,8%) interaksi farmakokinetik dan tidak diketahui sebanyak 36 kasus (21,3%). Berdasarkan tingkat keparahan terdapat interaksi mayor 15 kasus (8,9%), interaksi moderate 140 kasus (82,8%) dan interaksi minor 14 kasus (8,3%). Berdasarkan level signifikansi, kasus terbanyak terjadi pada level signifikansi 3 yaitu sebanyak 8 kasus (4,7%) dan furosemid adalah obat antihipertensi yang paling banyak berinteraksi. Potensi kejadian interaksi obat pada pemakaian obat antihipertensi masih dikategorikan cukup tinggi (lebih dari 50%). Tingginya potensi kejadian interaksi obat selama pengobatan dapat berpengaruh pada ketercapaian efek terapi dan meningkatkan resiko efek samping. Dengan demikian kolaborasi tenaga kesehatan khususnya farmasi diperlukan dalam upaya pemberian pengobatan yang aman dan efektif untuk menghindari terjadinya resiko interaksi obat. Perlu juga adanya monitoring pada pengobatan agar dapat mencegah terjadinya interaksi obat dan penanganan dini jika terjadinya interaksi obat aktual yang membahayakan secara klinis.