bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON DANTAHARSHA IN SHALAKYATANTRA
Authors: Suchitra Chawan  , Suja K. Sreedhar  
Published: December 2020

Mukha is considered as one of the Nava dwaras. Danta is the Anga (part) of Mukha. There are various diseases affecting the Mukha and their Angas. As preventive therapy our Acharyas have mentioned Kavala, Gandusha, Dantadhavan, Mukhaprakhalana etc in Dincharya. One who does not indulge in such regimen is sure to be affected by the diseases of the Mukha.
Dantaharsha is one of the 8 Dantaroga explained by Acharya Sushruta and it is the most common disorder of the mouth. Clinically, if teeth do not tolerate cold or heat or any other kind of touch, it is known as Dantaharsha. It can be compared with dental hypersensitivity. Several people all around the world experience this painful condition and are highly prevalent in the adult populations. Dantagatharogas, its causes, prevention and treatment are explained in detail in all the ancient texts of Ayurveda. This shows the importance given to oral health during those eras and even now, it is rightly said oral health is equal to overall health. Many remedies are prescribed in modern medicine for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity like use of fluorides, oxalates etc in the form of paste, lasers etc. But these methods are quite expensive and often recurrence of the symptoms is seen. Long use of these are said to cause allergic reaction to gums. So it becomes relevant to develop an easy, economic, non toxic and approachable modality as a treatment measure in Dantaharsha.
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY STUDY TO KNOW THE SLEEPING AND WAKE UP TIME OF ELDERLY AND ITS RELATION TO HEALTH
Authors: Ankita  , Mukta  , Shivakumar S. Harti  , Medha Kulkarni  
Published: December 2020

Vridh Awsatha compared with Geriatric Population is the state of “Vata Vridhi” related with various Vatavridhi disorders. The older individuals often suffer from multiple medical problems. Like, osteoarthritis, shortness of breath, congestive heart failure, all can lead to difficulty with sleep initiation and maintenance. Trouble with sleep is strongly correlated with complaints about health and depression. Studies examining the prevalence of sleep disturbances in patients with chronic medical diseases have reported that 31% of arthritis and 66% of chronic pain patients report difficulty falling asleep, while 81% of arthritis, 85% of chronic pain, and 33% of diabetes patients report difficulty staying asleep. In a recent National Sleep Foundation survey of adults aged 65 years and over, those with more medical conditions, including cardiac and pulmonary disease and depression, reported significantly more sleep complaints. Objective: This study has been conducted to evaluate the sleeping and waking time of elderly and Diseases pattern with sleep status. Methodology: Interview based Questionnaire was prepared to know the sleep timings, waking up timings of elderly. 96 subjects of both sex was selected from OPD of AIIA, and nearby place and collected data was analyzed by using odd’s. Conclusion: According to the study the health status is directly affected by the timings of sleeping and waking up i.e. people who wake up early tends to be healthier. So, to add the quality in the end years of life, sleep will be main domain to work upon.
Identifikasi, Kelimpahan dan Tipe Karakteristik Habitat Ikan Tembakul Desa Pasir Kabupaten Mempawah Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Irawan Dedi , Warsidah Warsidah , Nurdiansyah Syarif Irwan , Safitri Ikha , Kushadiwijayanto Arie Antasari 
Published: December 2020

Tembakul or mudskipper has the ability to adapt the condition of tidal area trough walking on the mud. The purpose of this research, wich held on February – March 2019 at Pasir Village Mempawah Regency, are to found out the species of tembakul on that area, with its abundance and the characteristic of its habitat. Sample taken from 3 sampling sites wich determinated by purposive method with the help of net for caught tool. The result of this research found 3 species of mudskipper, i.e Boleophthalmus boddarti, Periophthalmus schlosseri and P. chrysospilos. P. Schlosseri had the highest abundance (0,82 Ind/m²), followed by B. Boddarti 0,74 Ind/m² and P. Chrysospilos (0,52 Ind/m²). Site I had the highest abundance of mudskippers (0,94 Ind/m²), while site II was the lowest (0,53 Ind/m²). Based on the regression analysis of enviromental actors of its habitat, salinity had the big impact for mudskipper.
Rooms triomfalisme in de Amsterdamse straten
Authors: Poels Vefie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article analyses the preparations and the implementation of the 27th International Eucharistic Congress, held at Amsterdam in 1924. After an introduction on the (negative) image of this congress in Dutch historiography, on the person of de papal legate (the Dutch cardinal Willem van Rossum CSSR), and on the phenomenon of the ‘Eucharistic Congresses’ and its organizing committee, the author analyses the forces pro and contra the organization of such a Congress in Amsterdam. The initiative was taken by some ultramontane clergy and laypeople, gathered around the revival of the devotion of the Amsterdam Eucharistic Miracle (1345). The bishop involved, mgr. A. Callier of Harlem, felt little of inviting the organizing committee to choose for Amsterdam, and also the (Roman Catholic) Prime Minister Ruijs de Beerenbrouck kept aloof, fearing a revival of protestant antipapism. So in advance it was already clear that the government and queen Wilhelmina would avoid every diplomatic presence – quit different as was the case at similar congresses in other countries. Besides, a grand procession through the Amsterdam streets was impossible because of the then still prevailing prohibition of public religious processions. The most important ceremonies thus were held in the Amsterdam soccer stadium. The Congress strengthened the feeling of unity of the ‘common’ Catholics with the Dutch cardinal as their shared national icon, but on the other hand it worsened the relations between the Dutch episcopate and the Prime Minister, and their ‘man in Rome’. In the end the Eucharistic Congress had no antipapistic consequences, and only limited political consequences, thanks to quite a lot of informal negotiations before and during the Congress. It nevertheless played a role on the background, when the government decided in 1925 to close the Dutch embassy at the Vatican.
De kerk als alternatief voor de natie
Authors: Harinck George 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The ecumenical movement started at the time of the First World War and was molded by the nationalism that ignited this war. In 1914-1918 it became clear that the nations had become a hindrance for the churches. At first, internationalism seemed the answer to this problem, but in the 1920s and 1930s it turned out that internationalism still was too abstract, and nationalism was still too dominant. In the early 1920s W.A. Visser ’t Hooft was active in the international Christian student movement, where he learned the relevance of Christianity as an alternative for nationalism, and in the 1930s he explicitly chose for the church as an alternative for the nation. In order to make the church relevant over against nationalism and rising totalitarianism the national, liturgical and confessional differences between churches had to be overcome to enable the church to speak with one voice. This aim was not realized yet at the time of the Second World War, but the ecumenical movement encouraged churches to formulate its own identity and develop its own mission amidst nationalism and totalitarianism.
Divine Initiative and Paul’s Theological Epistemology: From 1 Corinthians 1–2 to Romans 9–11
Authors: Barnhill Gregory M. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The focus of this article is the function of divine initiative in the structure of Paul’s theological epistemology. In two key passages, 1 Cor 1:26–31 and Rom 9:6–29, Paul deploys the language of “calling” to emphasize the concept of divine initiative, specifically highlighting God’s freedom to “call” whomever he wants, paying no regard to any status of the recipient of his gracious love. In both texts, Paul deploys the language of “calling” to shift the focus to the God who calls, and even though each section plays a different role in relation to its context, both emphasize that God’s initiative plays a key role in how one knows Paul’s God. In both Corinth and Rome, the communities to which Paul writes face a significant problem (among others): improper boasting. And the solution to improper boasting that Paul offers to both the Corinthian and Roman Christ-believers is epistemological in nature: it has to do with knowing Paul’s God and his plan for the world correctly. This essay aims to capture Paul’s theologizing in action on the specific matter of boasting and to demonstrate that these situations in Corinth and Rome call forth from Paul a similar strategy: to highlight God’s initiative in knowledge of the divine. Moreover, because the topics of “faith” and “justification” are usually deemed more central to Paul’s theology, the role of “knowledge” as such is an under-explored factor in Paul’s theologizing as a whole. But as an apocalyptic theologian and thinker, the idea of revelation and “knowledge” must be retained as a central theological concept in Paul’s theologizing. In other words, recovering the structure of Paul’s epistemology is a key task for understanding his gospel. Paul’s God is known because he makes himself known, definitively in the Christ-event and prior to all human movement toward this God.
People of the Day: Temporal Aspects of Social Identity in 1 Thessalonians
Authors: O’Reilly Matthew 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
This article examines questions about Paul’s attitude toward the future in his first letter to the Thessalonians. Whether the fate of the dead, future bodily resurrection, the parousia, or questions about judgment and destruction, Paul has plenty to say about what is to come in one of his earliest letters. This essay takes up Paul’s attitude toward the future in 1 Thessalonians to consider its role in the formation and maintenance of the recipients’ social identity. What social categories govern Paul’s vision of the future? How does he portray those categories? How does his portrayal of the past (including past social categorizations) relate to his vision of the future? How does his portrayal of past and future relate to the behavioral expectations set forth in the letter? Drawing on models from the field of Social Identity Theory, I argue that Paul defines the community in relation to “the day” (1 Thess 4:8) of Christ’s anticipated return and all that it entails. He portrays the past, in terms of both the Christ story and the conversion of the Thessalonians, to cohere with that anticipated future. This coherent representation frames and strengthens the ethical expectations Paul articulates in the letter.
Is There a Universal Love Ethic in 1 Thessalonians 3:12? Probing a Pervasive Presupposition
Authors: Matson David Lertis 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Paul’s wish-prayer in 1 Thess 3:12 contains the twofold desire that the Lord Jesus increase the Thessalonians’ love “for one another” (εἰς ἀλλήλους) and “for all” (εἰς πάντας). An overwhelming number of commentators, buttressed by some tendentious English translations, think that the latter phrase is commending a love for all people, even extending to the Thessalonians’ persecutors. Yet insights from epistolary analysis as well as Paul’s own linguistic usage and apostolic example call into question this pervasive presupposition. The wish-prayer of 3:12 points not only back to themes earlier in the letter (2:17–3:10) but forward to themes developed in 4:1–5:22, most particularly brotherly/sisterly love at 4:10–12, which contains the interpretive key to the identity of εἰς πάντας in 3:12. Paul has a different term for outsiders altogether, which he can and does use in the letter to distinguish from insiders. Paul’s own apostolic example, called on to undergird the community’s love εἰς ἀλλήλους and εἰς πάντας, makes sense only within an ever-expanding insider-love ethic, which now includes those believers in the wider regions of Macedonia. In short, this article contends that no such universal love ethic exists in Paul and certainly not in this wish-prayer. For Paul (and arguably for the New Testament writings as a whole), love remains firmly embedded in the mutual caring and concern of the Christian community. While Christians do good to outsiders, outsiders are not the object of Christian love, which remains the prerogative of insiders only.
What Are the Standards of Excellence for Theological Interpretation of Scripture?
Authors: East Brad 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The canon of Holy Scripture is unique, given its nature and ends in the economy of grace and the mission of the church. Its reading must accordingly be unique, though not wholly dissimilar to ordinary practices of reading. This article advances a proposal for the standards of excellence proper to specifically theological interpretation of Scripture. That is, it seeks to answer the question, “What makes a theological reading of the Bible good?” Following an overview of the theological and ecclesial status of Scripture and its reception, the article offers two sets of standards for excellent theological interpretation. The first is theological, measuring the proposed reading by its relation to the triune God’s purposes for Scripture in the life of the church. The second is hermeneutical, judging the proposed reading by specifically literary or textual criteria. These latter overlap with more common scholarly practices of reading, though they remain distinctively Christian; their secondary status, moreover, emphasizes the difference made by Scripture’s character as God’s word and the church’s book.
Land, Burial, and Temple: Deuteronomy 30:5, John 19–20, and the Burial of Jesus as a Land Claim
Authors: Emerson Matthew Y. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The argument of this article is that Jesus’s burial is portrayed in the Gospel of John as a claim on the promised land. Support for this thesis is given in four arguments. First, the fulfillment of the land promise in the OT moves narratively from a burial site to a temple site. Second, the king and temple emphases in the Gospel of John are tied directly to the land promise in the OT. Third, Jesus’s burial in John 19:38–42 uses OT allusions that serve to describe Jesus’s body using that same nexus of king and temple. Finally, burial is related to land claims not only in the OT but also in a variety of sociocultural contexts. Thus the intertextual and narrative matrix of John 19:38–42—namely that of burial, king, and temple—serves to present Jesus’s burial as a land claim.
Acts and the Praxis of Early Christian Ecumenism
Authors: Smith David Andrew 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
This article is a study in practical ecumenism as expressed in the Acts of the Apostles. As the only canonical narrative to tell the story of the church, Acts has always been a key text for reflection upon ecclesial identity. Yet one feature of the ecclesiological vision of Acts, which is particularly relevant for our time, remains largely unstudied: how does Acts deal practically with difference as a characteristic of early Christian life? A surface reading of Acts, as of early Christian history generally, makes clear that ecclesial difference was a pervasive and often troubling fact of life in early Christianity. Indeed, since the time of F. C. Baur, Acts that is particularly relevant for our time remains largely understood as a rhetorical attempt to remedy a situation of ecclesial discord, though the precise divisions and troubles facing the Lukan community have been variously understood. Recent studies of Acts have rightly stressed the theological character of Luke’s vision, according to which the church’s identity and witness are fundamentally grounded in its life in Christ. Yet the practical question remains: how did such communities, separated as they were by geographic, ethnic, and theological differences, come to understand themselves as one church? This article charts the practical ecumenism according to which, in Luke’s telling, the theological identity of the church was given tangible expression, and it argues that Luke’s attention to these practices provides key data for characterizing Acts as an ecumenical document in its own right.
Los medios telemáticos como propuesta para la constitución de sociedades mercantiles en Nicaragua. Exposición de experiencias legislativas del derecho peruano y español
Authors: Cruz Colomer Kevin José 
Published: December 2020

El ordenamiento jurídico mercantil de Nicaragua en materia de constitución de sociedades mercantiles se encuentra desfasado, su retraso se demuestra evidente al contar con una legislación de vieja data que no se acopla a los actuales estándares jurídicos internacionales que están íntimamente relacionados a las tecnologías de la información y comunicación y a las actuales prácticas mercantiles que van de la mano con la economía globalizada. Con este artículo se pretende demostrar que una ulterior constitución telemática de sociedades mercantiles vendría a beneficiar al sistema de registro público mercantil de Nicaragua y a promover la creación de empresas de una forma ágil en la que los procesos burocráticos que, generalmente, caracterizan a cualquier administración pública ya no sean un problema, tomando como principales referentes a legislaciones mercantiles pioneras de España y Perú para tener como ejes principales sus experiencias legislativas y prácticas en materia de constitución telemática de sociedades mercantiles, así mismo, se brinda un breve análisis de los impedimentos legales que hoy en día imposibilitan la creación de empresas de una forma expedita y se brindan supuestos de lege ferenda para solventar dichas limitaciones.
Turksih schools around the world :
Authors: Chuluunbaatar Tserennadmid 
Published: December 2020

As part of a wide-ranging clampdown in the aftermath of the failed July coup, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s administration has urged countries in Eurasia to shut down schools associated with Fethullah Gülen, Islamic Cleric. Following this, Gülen`s supporters in Turkey have been arrested, fired from their state jobs. The Turkish government has also classified Gülen’s organization as a terrorist group. This article attempts to explore the origins of the Turkish schools supported by the Gulenist movement that was established in early 1970s in Turkey, its expansion in the country and other countries, in central Asian republics and Mongolia. It also aims to provide summarized information to the reader about the establishment and activities of Turkish schools in Mongolia, and to highlight the recent development and potential impact of communications and bilateral relations between the Republic of Turkey and Mongolia on this matter.
Турк сургуулиуд: Төв Азийн орнууд ба Монголын жишээ
Хураангуй: 2016 оны 7 дугаар сард гарсан төрийн эрх мэдлийг цэргийн хүчээр авах оролдлого нуран унасны дараагаар БНТУ-ын ерөнхийлөгч Р.Т.Эрдоан Евроазийн бүс нутгийн улс орны удирдагч нарт хандан шашны номлогч Ф.Гюлений байгуулсан сургуулиудыг яаралтай хаахыг уриалж эхэлжээ. Энэ үйл явдлын дараагаар Туркийн засгийн газар Гюлений үзэл санааг дэмжигч, тус улсад ажиллаж, амьдарч буй иргэд, төрийн албан хаагчид, их дээд сургуулийн багш нарыг баривчлах, цагдан хорих, албан тушаалаас нь халах зэрэг арга хэмжээ авлаа. Ф.Гюлений ФЕТО байгууллагыг террорист байгууллага хэмээн БНТУ засгийн газар албан ёсоор зарлав.
Энэхүү өгүүлэлд 1970-аад оны эхэн үеэс үүсгэн байгуулагдаж, зөвхөн Турк улс төдийгүй дэлхийн олон улс оронд салбараа нээн, үйл ажиллагаагаа тэлэн, хөгжиж эхэлсэн Гюлений гэх тодотголтой боловсролын байгуулагууд Төв Азийн орнууд болон Монгол улсад хэрхэн үүсч, хөгжсөн талаар товч дурдаж, эдгээр сургуулийн асуудал, Монгол, Турк хоёр орны харилцаанд үзүүлж буй нөлөө, цаашдын хандлага, шийдлийн талаар цэгцтэй мэдээлэл өгөхийг зорьлоо.
Түлхүүр үгс: Турк сургуулиуд, “Хизмет” хөдөлгөөн, төрийн эргэлт, зөөлөн хүч.
Customs tariff reforms in Mongolia
Authors: Nyamdaa Otgonsaikhan , Shagdar Enkhbayar 
Published: December 2020

Mongolia has been pursuing a free trade policy since the transition to a market economy, and today, with a sharp increase in imports and a boom in raw materials exports, domestic production has fallen, and the country became overly dependent on mining products. Therefore, there is an urgent need to review the methods for implementing foreign trade policy, to study their optimal use and update them effectively. This study examines how Mongolia’s import tariff regulations have been reforming since the transition to a market economy, and discusses some potential impacts of the import tariff reform on the Mongolian economy.
Монгол Улсын импортын гаалийн тарифын шинэчлэл
Хураангуй: Монгол Улс зах зээлийн эдийн засгийн харилцаанд шилжсэн үеэс чөлөөт худалдааны бодлого баримталсаар ирсэн бөгөөд өнөөдөр импортын урсгал эрс нэмэгдэж, түүхий эдийн экспорт хөгжсөнөөр дотоодын үйлдвэрлэл уналтад орсон, уул уурхайн бүтээгдэхүүнээс хэт хамааралтай улс болжээ. Иймд гадаад худалдааны бодлогыг хэрэгжүүлэх арга хэрэгслүүдийг эргэн харах, тэдгээрийг хэрхэн оновчтой хэрэглэх, шинэчлэх зэрэг асуудлыг судлах зайлшгүй шаардлага бий болоод байна. Энэхүү ажлын хүрээнд Монгол Улс зах зээлийн эдийн засгийн харилцаанд шилжсэн үеэс өнөөг хүртэл импортын гаалийн тарифын бодлого зохицуулалтын шинэчлэл хэрхэн хийгдсэн талаар судалж, импортын гаалийн тарифыг шинэчилснээр Монгол Улсын эдийн засагт үзүүлэх зарим үр нөлөөг авч үзсэн.
Түлхүүр үгс: гадаад худалдааны бодлого; импортын гаалийн тарифын бодлого, зохицуулалт; нэн тааламжтай тариф; ДХБ-тай тохирсон тарифын дээд хэмжээ; тарифын шинжилгээ.
Mujer, Objeto y Memorias Reflexiones en torno a una experiencia artística
Authors: Dip Nerina 
Published: December 2020

Este articulo reflexiona sobre la relación que se da entre dos conceptos: objeto y memoria. Aborda el objeto no sólo desde la manipulación sino desde el vinculo que se establece con el sujeto cuando ella es activadora de memorias. El objeto es abordado desde su autonomía y en relación al artista que con él trabaja. El objeto como portador de memorias es analizado en esa zona liminal entre teatro de objetos y performance. Esta reflexión se acompaña del pensamiento de artistas/investigadoras, entre las que se destacan Violeta Luna, Ana Amaral y Ana Alvarado. El abordaje se realiza desde la perspectiva de una nieta de inmigrantes, como portadora de memorias en disputa.