bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of cardiac risk factors in men with localized prostate cancer undergoing androgren deprivation therapy in British Columbia, Canada.
Authors: Rajala Jennifer , Tyldesley Scott , Pickles Tom , Virani Sean 
Published: March 2020

e16086 Background: While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) decreases the risk of prostate cancer specific mortality in high risk localized prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy, it worsens cardiovascular (CV) risk factor profiles in treated men. Patients with pre-existing traditional cardiac risk factors who are treated with ADT have a higher rate of CV mortality than patients without risk factors. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of the last 100 consecutive men with intermediate or high risk localized prostate cancer who were referred to the British Columbia Cancer Agency from October 1, 2011 to October 31, 2012 and treated with ADT. Inclusion criteria were referral to an oncologist within 3 months of diagnosis and a planned duration of ADT of 6 month or more. Patients with metastatic prostate cancer at diagnosis were excluded. Data on traditional cardiac risk factors were collected and a Framingham risk score was calculated on each patient to estimate their 10 year cardiac event risk. Results: The average age of the men referred for ADT was 71.7±7 years. Most, 70%, had poorly differentiated disease and the PSA was >10ug/L in 62%. An updated Charlson score of 0 was calculated in 82% of patients; only 4% had a score ≥2. The Framingham risk of a cardiac event in the next 10 years was calculated to be high (more than 20% risk) in 69%, intermediate (a 10-20% risk) in 30%, and low (<10% risk) in 1% of the patients. A history of coronary artery disease was present in 17 patients, 11 of whom had documented revascularization. Baseline type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance was present in 24 patients, and 58 patients had a history of hypertension. Lipid profiles had been measured within the past year in 38 patients, and 35 patients had a baseline ECG on the chart. Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of cardiac risk factors in men with prostate cancer referred for ADT, we recommend baseline cardiac risk screening of lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure in these patients with subsequent close monitoring of these parameters while on ADT. Among those individuals with established or symptomatic CV disease, we recommend referral to a specialist with expertise in cardiology.
Association of Rs1139971, a KAI1 polymorphism, with bone metastasis progression in prostate cancer and ganglionnary metastasis.
Authors: Audouin Marie , Cancel Tassin Géraldine , Gaffory Cécile , Ondet Valérie , Oudard Stephane , Azzouzi Abdel Rahmene , Roupret Morgan , Cussenot Olivier 
Published: March 2020

e16089 Background: Metastatic prostate cancer, with bones as principal location, is responsible for most of the death from this malignancy. If the molecular mecanisms of the metastasis progression are not completely solved, many involved pathways have been clarified. Association studies have proven that genetic factors could affect the risk of prostate cancer or its agressiveness. Likewise, some polymorphisms from genes involved in metastatic pathways could have a meaningfull function in the individual genetic susceptibility to metastatic prostate cancer. The KAI1 gene is known to be implicated in the metastatic process of many malignant tumors, such as breast, lung or colorectal cancer. Moreover, the protein encoded by this gene seems to act as a metastatic suppressor. In this study, we searched for an association between the risk of metastatic progression and a polymorphism from the KAI gene (rs1139971). Methods: It was a retrospective and multicentrique study, comparing 195 patients harbouring bone and/or ganglionnary metastatic prostate cancer with 386 patients affected by a non metastatic prostate cancer. All the patients were caucasians. The variant rs1139971 has been genotyped by Taqman technology. Results: The allele A from rs1139971 was found to be less frequent in metastatic patients but this result wasn’t significant. The patients were then stratified according to the metastatic location : bone or ganglionnary. In this case, the allele A was significantly associated with metastatic risk in the group of patients with bone metastasis [OR = 0,525 ; IC 95% = 0,332-0,828 ; p = 0,0056]. Conclusions: In this study, a significant association has been pointed up between bone metastatic prostate cancer and the polymorphism rs1139971 from KAI1 gene. However, these results need to be confirmed on a larger and independant population.
Potential predictive and prognostic factors for sequential treatment with abiraterone acetate and cabazitaxel in metastatic docetaxel-refractory castration-resistant prostate cancer (mDR-CRPC).
Authors: Bracarda Sergio , Hamzaj Alketa , Sisani Michele , Di Lorenzo Giuseppe , Marrocolo Francesca , del Buono Sabrina , de Simone Valeria , De Angelis Verena 
Published: March 2020

e16093 Background: in recent years Abiraterone Acetate (AA) andCabazitaxel (Cbz) were shown to be efficacious agents in patients with mDR-CRPC. However, no data exist for patients treated with both these drugs in terms of best sequencing evaluation and potential predictive and prognostic factors for different treatment sequencies. Aim of our study was to analyze these data in a real world scenario. Methods: intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis of activity data deriving from all consecutive patients with mDR-CRPC treated in our unit with prednisone plus Cbz, AA or both drugs. Data analyzed were, median Progression Free Survival (mPFS) for the two single agents and their sequencies (evaluated according to PCWG2, Prostate Cancer Working Group 2, criteria) and their possible correlations with median age, Gleason score, baseline PSA, ECOG PS, visceral metastases and number of previous chemotherapy lines. Results: here we report characteristics and activity data of the initial 62 patients, 7 treated with Cbz, 32 with AA and 16 with both drugs. The median age of our study population was 71.5 years (range, 55-87), median Gleason Score 8 (4-9) and median ECOG PS 0 (0–3); visceral disease was present in 37 cases (59.7%). The mPFS, according to Kaplan Meier method (KM), was 4.7 months (m) for patients treated with Cbz, 8.6 months for cases treated with AA and 8.2 m for cases treated with both agents. Of the 16 patients treated with both drugs, 12 received a sequence Cbz-AA and 4 a sequence AA-Cbz for an overall median PFS of, respectively, 5.6 and 4.0 m. Any of the analyzed prognostic or predictive factor was found to be significant. Conclusions: in our experience AA and Cbz were showed to be effective agents in the mDR-CRPC setting also when used sequentially. No clear indication of a preferred treatment sequence was identified such as eventual prognostic/predictive factors, also because of the limited number of treated patients. These data should be analyzed in large size prospective trials.
Stereotactic hypofracionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer patients.
Authors: Rucinska Monika , Stefanczyk Marta , Minczewska Joanna , Nawrocki Sergiusz 
Published: March 2020

e16097 Background: 3D conformal radiotherapy (78Gy in 2Gy per fraction) is the standard treatment for prostate cancer patients. It is a very long treatment, not comfortable both for patients and radiotherapy departments. Stereotactic radiotherapy has recently been recognized as an alternative technique. Prostate cancer has probably a low α/β ratio (1.5Gy) and 33.5Gy in 5 fractions has the predicted efficacy of 78Gy in 39 fractions. The objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of stereotactic radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Methods: This is a prospective one-center clinical study. The treatment was done with IMRT. PTV received 33.5Gy in 5 fractions twice a week. Three gold fiducial markers were placed in the prostate under transrectal ultrasound guidance for image-guided positioning and motion tracking. Treatment planning CT and MRI scans were performed. IMRT plans were done. Before each treatment MV Cone Beam CT and portal imagines for markers were performed. Results: In this analysis 32 patients were included (age 65-83 years, median 73 years) with localized low- and intermediate-risk (according to NCCN) adenocarcinoma of prostate T2-T3N0M0. Combined Gleason scores were 5 to 7, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 4.7-20.0ng/ml (median 10.2ng/ml). The median prostate volume calculated during treatment planning (on CT and MR) was 40.5cc (15.8cc to 113.6cc). Acute genitourinary toxicity Grade 1–2 was observed in about 50% patients and only Grade 1 acute gastrointestinal toxicity in 25% patients. No Grade 3 or higher toxicity was reported. Only 3 patients reported rectal bleeding after radiotherapy (Grade 1 late toxicity). PSA level were systematically decreased to 1.08ng/ml 3 months, 0.91ng/ml 6 months and 0.56ng/ml 9 months after treatment end. Conclusions: Stereotactic hypofractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer patients is an effective and safe treatment in short term analysis.
The impact of FDG-PET/CT on the management of gynecologic cancers: A retrospective study.
Authors: Abu-Hijlih Ramiz Ahmad , Al-Ibraheem Akram , Abuodeh Yazan Asad , Jaradat Imada A. 
Published: March 2020

e16500 Background: Fluoro-Deoxyglucose (FDG-PET) coupled with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computerized Tomography (CT) provides valuable information in primary staging and evaluation of therapeutic response in gynecological cancer patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the additional value of PET/CT to MRI and CT scan, in patients recently diagnosed with a gynecological tumor or for evaluation of treatment response. Methods: Between January 2010 and June 2012, forty patients with gynecologic tumors (23 cervical, 8 endometrial and 9 ovarian) were evaluated at King Hussein Cancer Center. These patients were divided into two groups: (1) PET scan at presentation for initial staging workup (15 patients) and (2)PET scan at follow up for treatment response evaluation (25 patients). Results: The FDG-PET/CT scan yielded the following additional information: upstaging in 7.5% (3 in 40 patients) and down staging in 32.5% (13 in 40 patients). As a result, treatment strategy was changed from curative to palliative in one patient, and additional curative therapy was implemented following exclusion of distant metastasis in eight patients. Moreover, the discrepancy in nodal status found with FDG-PET/CT compared with anatomical imaging was detected in 8 patients (20%), which led to modifications in radiotherapy field and customizing the radiation dose with minimizing treatment-related toxicity. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated the effectiveness of FDG-PET/CT in the management of gynecological cancer patients. It is a highly valuable utility that raised the accuracy of patients’ stratification to curative or palliative treatments. Furthermore it helped radiotherapy to be more precisely targeted towards the malignant process. However, further prospective studies are still required to identify the group of patients who would benefit the most from this procedure.
Ovarian needle biopsy: A study of 84 cases with cytologic-histologic correlation.
Authors: Nagamine Kimberly , Terada Keith Y. , Shimizu David , Tauchi-Nishi Pamela 
Published: March 2020

e16501 Background: Ovarian needle biopsy (ONB) is well tolerated and underutilized. It may be employed for preoperative diagnosis and to treat symptomatic benign cysts. There is reluctance to utilize this procedure due to potential cyst rupture or seeding of malignant cells. We studied the efficacy of ONB over an 11-year period at our institution. Methods: Between January 2000 and August 2012, we retrieved 134 ONB specimens from our database. One hundred sixteen (87%) were performed by obstetrician-gynecologists, 8 (6%) by radiologists, 4 (3%) by surgeons, and 6 (4%) by other clinicians. Results: Eighty-four (63%) cases had corresponding surgical specimens, 78 (93%) of which were obtained concomitantly. Ten (12%) cases were malignant and 74 (88%) benign (Table). Sensitivity and specificity of ONB were 70% and 100%, respectively. Forty-one (53%) were benign ovarian neoplasms, and 30 (39%) were cysts. Regarding malignant lesions, 8 (80%) were primary ovarian epithelial cancers. There was 1 granulosa cell tumor and 1 metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Three false negative cases were noted; 2 serous borderline tumors and 1 mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. These were sampling errors; no diagnostic tumor cells were present in the aspirates. Conclusions: ONB may be effective in diagnosing and treating ovarian lesions. In our study, it was highly specific and sensitive, with the exception of borderline tumors. [Table: see text]
Predictability of later developed relapse in endometrial carcinoma in young women with functional imaging parameters of fes/FDG SUV ratio after fertility-sparing hormone treatment.
Authors: Yoshida Yoshio , Okazawa Hidehiko , Shinagawa Akiko , Kiyono Yasushi , Mori Tetsuya , Kurokawa Tetsuji 
Published: March 2020

e16502 Background: Even in responders of fertility-sparing hormone treatment for uterine endometrial carcinoma (EC) and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AH) in young women, there have been high potential risks of later developed relapse. The aim of this study was whether changes in FDG and fluoroestradiol (FES) PET parameters following hormone treatment have the prognostic factor in prediction of later developed relapse. Methods: Eight young patients with EC and AH were treated by fertility-sparing treatment with a high-dose of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for 26 weeks. All patients underwent two FDG and FES-PET scans at baseline and 8 weeks after the beginning of MPA treatment, respectively. For each lesion, metabolic indices were calculated by standardized uptake values (SUV). All patients were followed up for 2 years. Values of FDG-SUV, FES-SUV and FES/FDG SUV ratio of tumors were retrospectively reviewed. The correlation between these parameters and clinical outcome of EC and AH for 2 years was evaluated. Results: An initial complete response was achieved in all patients. Two of 5 responders (40%) with AH and one of three (33%) responders with EC later developed (72-88weeks) relapse. One of those three patients underwent hysterectomy due to no response for additional MPA therapy. The tracer uptake of FDG and FES was decrease in all eight patients after 8 weeks. The FES/FDG ratio was increased in all three patients with later developed relapse, but the FES/FDG ratio was decrease in all patients without recurrence for 8 weeks. There was a significant difference of the change in FES/FDG ratio between later developed relapse patients and no relapse patients (0.113 vs -0.392; p = 0.044). Conclusions: This study suggests that an increase in the FES/FDG ratio after 8 weeks fertility-sparing hormone treatment with a high-dose of MPA may be a useful biomarker for predicting later developed relapse in EC and AH in young women.
Treatment of chemoresistant ovarian cancer with sigma2/SMAC and cisplatin.
Authors: Wilkinson-Ryan Ivy , Spitzer Dirk , Mach Robert , Vangveravong Suwanna , Goedegebuure Peter S , Hashim Yassar , Plambeck-Suess Stacey , Powell Matthew A. , Mutch David Gardner , Hawkins William G. 
Published: March 2020

e16508 Background: Platinum resistance continues to be a major barrier to the successful treatment of ovarian cancer. Overexpression of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (XIAP) contribute to platinum resistance in ovarian cancer through inhibition of caspases and up regulation of Akt activity. Second mitochondrial-derived activators of caspases (SMAC) is an endogenous protein that binds to and reverses XIAP-mediated inhibition of caspases. In order to exploit the SMAC-mediated pro-apoptotic pathway pharmacologically, SMAC mimetics have been developed and shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Untargeted cytotoxic cancer drugs bind to both malignant and normal tissue leading to significant toxicity. We have shown previously that solid tumors upregulate the sigma-2 receptor. We have also shown that sigma-2 ligands are internalized into cancer cells and are therefore an appealing vehicle for tumor targeted therapy. The goal of this study is to test if a conjugate drug of sigma-2 ligand and a SMAC mimetic (sigma-2/SMAC) in combination with chemotherapy is capable of overcoming chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Methods: SKOV3 and OVCAR3 ovarian cancer cell lines were treated with sigma2/SMAC (1-16μM) and/or cisplatin (.5-10μg/mL). Viability assays were used to detect cell death. Luminescence-based caspase assays were used to compare the activity of caspase-3, -7, and -9 between treatment groups to document involvement of the XIAP survival pathway. Results: We found that sigma2-SMAC is synergistic when used in combination with cisplatin. Compared to untreated cells, SKOV3 cells treated with sigma/2SMAC (4uM), cisplatin .5ug/mL, or combination therapy showed 52.6%, 117.7%, and 34.8% viability respectively (p<.05). Cisplatin and sigma2/SMAC remained synergistic at increasing doses. Similar results were observed in OVCAR3 cells. Caspase-3 and -7 increased in combination therapy 1.2-fold over Sigma/2SMAC alone (4uM) and 7-fold over cisplatin alone (.5ug/mL) in SKOV3 cells (p<.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that the sigma2/SMAC conjugate provides a targeted means for overcoming chemoresistance in ovarian cancer through inhibition of XIAP and activation of caspases.
Dose-dense first-line chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer: How to select the patients?
Authors: Tjulandina Alexandra , Stenina Marina , Pokataev Ilya , Fedyanin Mikhail , Tryakin Alexey , Tjulandin Sergei 
Published: March 2020

e16509 Background: First line dose-dense (dd) regimens improve PFS in patients (pts) with advanced ovarian cancer, but also increase hematological toxicity, peripheral neuropathy and usage of G-CSF. Nowadays it is unknown which pts benefit from this treatment. Methods: The analysis included 156 pts with ovarian carcinoma stages Ic-IV, who received paclitaxel (Ptx) and platinum agents in first line chemotherapy (CT) from 1996 to 2010 in our center. Retrospective group contained 91 pts, who were administered standard regimens (Ptx 175 mg/m2 + Carboplatin (C) AUC5-6 /Cisplatin (DDP) 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks). Prospective group included 65 pts. Forty of them received 9 cycles Ptx 150 mg/m2+DDP 50 mg/m2 every 2 weeks, 25 pts were given 6 cycles Ptx 80 mg/m21,8,15 days + C AUC6 every 3 weeks. Results: Median PFS in the dd (12.5 months) and the standard arms (13.3 months) were not statistically significantly different (p = 0.6, HR 0.9; 95% CI 0.61-1.37). Multivariate analysis revealed the optimality (p=0.006) and time (p = 0.008) of cytoreduction were found as the strongest factors exerted on PFS and could take effect on choice of CT regimen. Median PFS was longer in pts with primary optimal cytoreduction (26.3 months) than in group with primary non optimal, interval debulking or without any surgery treatment (10.9 months) (p < 0.0001, HR 0.28; 95% CI 0.23-0.55). The dd regimens prolonged PFS in comparison with the standard arm in pts with favorable prognosis (primary optimal cytoreduction): median was not reached vs 15.1 months respectively (p = 0.02, HR 0.36; 95%CI 0.13-1.2). Meanwhile, median PFS in unfavorable prognostic group was not different between 2 arms: 10.3 vs 11.5 months respectively (p = 0.4 HR 1.26; 95% CI 0.8-2.02). Conclusions: First-line dd statistically significantly prolong PFS in pts with primary optimal cytoreduction comparing with standard conventional CT. It is necessary to validate this predictive factor in prospective trial.
Peculiarities of clinical characteristics in different aged patients with vulvar cancer.
Authors: Ivanova Victoria Aleksandrovna , Nerodo Galina , Nerodo Ekaterina Alekseevna 
Published: March 2020

e16512 Background: Comparison of vulvar cancer clinical flow in patients of reproductive and old age. Methods: The studying of vulvar cancer clinical delopment included 64 patients of reproductive age and 775 patients of old age. Results: The patients were from 20 to 90 years old; 64 (7.6%) of them were from 20 to 50 years old; the other 92.4% were more than 50 years old. The patients of reproductive age at early stages made up 70.3%; the patients of old age at early stages made up 70.3%. Hypertensive disease (13.5%), obesity (13.5%), diseases of liver and stomach (11.8%) and the sole case of diabetes mellitus (1.6%) were among the concomitant diseases of the reproductive age patients. Among the seniors,: hypertensive disease (77.7%), atherosclerosis (42.9%), obesity (62.8%), osteochondrosis (18.3%), diabetes mellitus (9.1%), diseases of liver and gall bladder (29.95%). Only 16% of the patients from the younger group had leukokeratosis and kraurosis; among the seniors, 62% had those diseases. At the same time, the younger the group of patients with vulvar cancer, the more often they had papilloma, condyloma on vulva in their anamnesis, and infection of human papilloma virus. In the group under 50 such patients made up 87.5%, and in the group of seniors there was one case of infection of human papilloma virus – 0.48%. All the patients undergone different types of complex curing; more than half of the patients undergone chemotherapy. 17% of the patients of the reproductive age, and 23.3% of the seniors had the relapses of the disease. Conclusions: Our study proved the statement about existence of two pathogenetic variants of vulvar cancer appearance: the first variant is HPV– positive, diagnosed in young women; the second variant is HPV– negative, diagnosed in women of elderly age, associated with neurodystrophic processes and chronic infection.
Detection of human papillomavirus in vulva cancer tissue.
Authors: Antonets Anna v , Nerodo Galina , Dvadnenko Konstantin v , Zykova Tatyana A , Ohremenko Natalya V , Nerodo Ekaterina Alekseevna 
Published: March 2020

e16514 Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) status of the patients with vulva cancer was investigated retrospectively. Methods: We detected HPV of high cancerogenic risk (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 51, 52, 58, 59 types) in archival paraffin-embedded vulva cancer tissue of 58 patients aged from 26 to 82 years with I-IV grades. The extraction of DNA was performed with classical phenol-chloroform laboratory technic for further real-time PCR analysis (with HPV screening and HPV genotype kits of Amplisens). Results: HPV DNA was found out in 12 patients (20.6%). Among these patients 8 from 10 women (80%) belong to the group of reproductive age (26-50 years) whilst 4 from 48 (8.33%) were seniors. HPV of 16 type presented in 50%, HPV of 16 and 18 types – in 50% of all HPV positive patients of reproductive age. Among elderly patients 50 % had HPV of 16 type, 50 % - 16 and 31 types. Conclusions: Our investigations confirm the existence of two pathogenic variants of vulva cancer. For young age group there are up to 80% of HPV positive patients. The second elderly group (50-82 years) is not related with infection, there are only 8% of HPV positive patients.