bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etiologies of delayed diagnosis and six‐month outcome of patients with newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer with respiratory failure at initial presentation
Authors: Tseng How‐Yang , Shen Yi‐Cheng , Lin Yen‐Sung , Tu Chih‐Yen , Chen Hung‐Jen 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer who initially presented with respiratory failure.MethodsThis was a retrospective study which analyzed patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer who were placed on mechanical ventilation (MV). We defined newly diagnosed lung cancer as pathological or molecular results for treatment decisions not yet determined when the patient was admitted to ICU.ResultsDuring the 14‐year inclusion period, 845 lung cancer patients requiring MV were screened. A total of 56 newly diagnosed extensive lung cancer patients were analyzed. Cancer‐related to central airway obstruction (n = 29, 51.8%) was the leading cause of respiratory failure. The significant etiologies of delay in the diagnosis of lung cancer were diagnostic error, mistaking cancer for tuberculosis, and missed hilar lesions. The six‐month survival rate was only 7.1% (n = 4). The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score was significantly associated with mortality (HR = 1.142, 95% CI = 1.012–1.288, P = 0.031). The six‐month survival rate in patients receiving suitable targeted therapy and accepting chemotherapy and best supportive care was 40% (2/5), 0% (0/7), and 4.5% (2/44), respectively.ConclusionsPatients with newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer with acute life‐threatening respiratory failure have poor outcomes. Cancer‐related to central airway obstruction is a leading cause of respiratory failure. Diagnostic errors such as tuberculosis and missed hilar lesions are the two main etiologies of a delay in diagnosis. The SOFA score is correlated with mortality. Targeted therapy can raise the six‐month survival rates in patients with oncogenic mutation adenocarcinoma, who survive after presentation in a critical condition.
CYP2D6 genotype may moderate measures of brain structure in methamphetamine users
Authors: Dean Andy C. , Nurmi Erika L. , Morales Angelica M. , Cho Arthur K. , Seaman Lauren C. , London Edythe D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChronic methamphetamine use is linked to abnormalities in brain structure, which may reflect neurotoxicity related to metabolism of the drug. As the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme is central to the metabolism of methamphetamine, genotypic variation in its activity may moderate effects of methamphetamine on brain structure and function. This study explored the relationship between CYP2D6 genotype and measures of brain structure and cognition in methamphetamine users. Based on the function of genetic variants, a CYP2D6 activity score was determined in 82 methamphetamine‐dependent (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition [DSM‐IV] criteria) and 79 healthy‐control participants who completed tests of cognitive function (i.e., attention, memory, and executive function); most were also evaluated with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (66 methamphetamine‐dependent and 52 controls). The relationship between CYP2D6 activity score and whole brain cortical thickness differed by group (interaction p = 0.024), as increasing CYP2D6 activity was associated with thinner cortical thickness in the methamphetamine users (β = −0.254; p = 0.035), but not in control subjects (β = 0.095; p = 0.52). Interactions between CYP2D6 activity and group were nonsignificant for hippocampal volume (ps > 0.05), but both hippocampi showed trends similar to those observed for cortical thickness (negative relationships in methamphetamine users [ps < 0.05], and no relationships in controls [ps > 0.50]). Methamphetamine users had lower cognitive scores than control subjects (p = 0.007), but there was no interaction between CYP2D6 activity score and group on cognition (p > 0.05). Results suggest that CYP2D6 genotypes linked to higher enzymatic activity may confer risk for methamphetamine‐induced deficits in brain structure. The behavioral consequences of these effects are unclear and warrant additional investigation.
Underutilisation of psychiatric care among refugee adolescents in Stockholm
Authors: Berg Lisa , Ljunggren Gunnar , Hjern Anders 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimRefugee children have been shown to underutilise psychiatric services in Scandinavia. The aim of this study was to investigate determinants of psychiatric care utilisation in adolescents in refugee families.MethodsThe study used regional data on healthcare use linked to sociodemographic data from national registers in a total population of 93 537 adolescents in the Stockholm County born in 1995‐2000, including 18 831 with a refugee background. Cox regression analyses were fitted to estimate Hazard ratios (HRs) of psychiatric care utilisation in the age‐span 11‐18 years.ResultsPsychiatric care use was lower in the large majority of adolescents in refugee families that originated in low‐ and middle‐income countries, with adjusted HRs 0.34 (95% CI 0.28‐0.42) and 0.51 (95% CI 0.46‐0.56), respectively, compared with the Swedish majority population. Among the foreign‐born refugee adolescents, psychiatric care use increased with duration of residence in Sweden and was higher in children who obtained residency as asylum seekers compared with those who settled in family reunification.ConclusionAdolescents in newly settled refugee families with a background in low‐ and middle‐income countries should be a priority in mental health assessment of refugee children and referral to psychiatric care facilitated for children in need.
A Randomised Controlled Trial Study of the Effects of a Digital Divorce Platform on Mental and Physical Health
Authors: Sander Søren , Hald Gert Martin , Cipric Ana , Øverup Camilla S. , Strizzi Jenna Marie , Gad Kjeld Simone , Lange Theis 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundTwo decades of divorce research has consistently documented adverse mental and physical health effects of divorce. Responding to calls for evidence‐based online divorce interventions, this study tests effects of the “Cooperation after Divorce” (CAD) digital intervention platform on divorcees’ mental and physical health.MethodsRandomised control trial 12‐month longitudinal study using a sample of 1,856 newly divorced Danes. Mental and physical health were measured using the SF‐36 at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months from baseline. Intervention effects were investigated using linear mixed effect models and Cohen's (d) for effect sizes.ResultsThe study found significant treatment effects of the CAD intervention on mental and physical health. These effects were evident across all eight health domains constituting the mental and physical health components. The study also found that the intervention group had significantly better mental health than the control group at subsequent 6‐ and 12‐month assessments from baseline while for physical health, the intervention group had significantly better physical health at the 6‐month assessment from baseline only.ConclusionThe results indicate that digital solutions allowing for individually tailored user experiences may hold great potential in reducing well‐known adverse health effects of divorce.Practitioner's points

The study finds highly significant treatment effects of the “CAD” digital divorce intervention on mental and physical health indicating that online interventions may be successfully integrated into help offered to divorcees post‐divorce.
RAB39B is redistributed in dementia with Lewy bodies and is sequestered within aβ plaques and Lewy bodies
Authors: Koss David J. , Bondarevaite Odeta , Adams Sara , Leite Marta , Giorgini Flaviano , Attems Johannes , Outeiro Tiago F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLoss of function mutations within the vesicular trafficking protein Ras analogy in brain 39B (RAB39B) are associated with rare X‐linked Parkinson’s disease (PD). Physiologically, RAB39B is localized to Golgi vesicles and recycling endosomes and is required for glutamatergic receptor maturation but also for alpha‐Synuclein (aSyn) homeostasis and the inhibition of its aggregation. Despite evidence linking RAB39B to neurodegeneration, the involvement of the protein in idiopathic neurodegenerative diseases remains undetermined. Here, analysis of the spatial distribution and expression of RAB39B was conducted in post‐mortem human brain tissue from cases of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, n = 10), Alzheimer’s disease (AD, n = 12) and controls (n = 12). Assessment of cortical RAB39B immunoreactivity using tissue microarrays revealed an overall reduction in the area of RAB39B positive gray matter in DLB cases when compared to controls and AD cases. Strikingly, RAB39B co‐localized with beta‐amyloid (Aβ) plaques in all cases examined and was additionally present in a subpopulation of Lewy bodies (LBs) in DLB. Biochemical measures of total RAB39B levels within the temporal cortex were unchanged between DLB, AD and controls. However, upon subcellular fractionation, a reduction of RAB39B in the cytoplasmic pool was found in DLB cases, alongside an increase of phosphorylated aSyn and Aβ in whole tissue lysates. The reduction of cytoplasmic RAB39B is consistent with an impaired reserve capacity for RAB39B‐associated functions, which in turn may facilitate LB aggregation and synaptic impairment. Collectively, our data support the involvement of RAB39B in the pathogenesis of DLB and the co‐aggregation of RAB39B with Aβ in plaques suggests that age‐associated cerebral Aβ pathology may be contributory to the loss of RAB39B. Thus RAB39B, its associated functional pathways and its entrapment in aggregates may be considered as future targets for therapeutic interventions to impede the overall pathological burden and cellular dysfunction in Lewy body diseases.
The influence of endodontic access cavity design on the efficacy of canal instrumentation, microbial reduction, root canal filling and fracture resistance in mandibular molars
Authors: Barbosa A. F. A. , Silva E. J. N. L. , Coelho B. P. , Ferreira C. M. A. , Lima C. O. , Sassone L. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the impact of conservative endodontic access cavities (CEC) and truss access cavities (TAC) during root canal treatment performed on mandibular molars in terms of: ability to shape and fill root canals, microbial reduction in canals, and cleaning of the pulp chamber. In addition, the fracture resistance of the teeth after coronal restoration was assessed. Traditional endodontic cavities (TEC) were used as a reference technique for comparison.MethodologyThirty extracted intact mandibular molars were scanned in a microcomputed tomography device (micro‐CT), matched based on similar anatomical features and assigned to TEC, CEC or TAC groups (n = 10). The specimens were accessed accordingly, and root canals were contaminated with bacterial suspensions of Enterococcus faecalis (21 days). Subsequently, the first microbial sample was collected from root canals (S1). The canals were initially prepared with Reciproc Blue R25 instrument followed by a second instrumentation using Reciproc Blue R40. Eight mL of 0.5% NaOCl were used as an irrigant for each instrument. A final irrigation protocol was performed with 2 mL of 0.5% NaOCl, 2 mL of 17% EDTA and another 2 mL of 0.5% NaOCl. Microbial samples were collected from root canals after R25 (S2), R40 (S3) and final irrigation (S4). The teeth were rescanned after S4. Then, root canals were filled, rescanned, restored and the teeth subjected to fracture resistance tests. The statistical analysis was performed with type I negative binomial and beta 0‐1 inflation regression models for microbiological analysis. Instrumentation, filling and resistance to fracture results were subjected to anova and Tukey tests (P < 0.05).ResultsS4 revealed no significant variations in microbial reduction amongst the groups (P > 0.05). TEC had a significantly lower percentage of unprepared surface area than CEC (P < 0.05). No differences were found regarding the percentage of dentine removed, transportation, centring ability and filling voids amongst the groups (P > 0.05). The TEC group had a significantly lower volume of remaining root filling material within the pulp chamber than CEC and TAC groups (P < 0.05). There was no difference regarding fracture resistance amongst the groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionConservative access cavities did not offer any advantage in comparison with the traditional endodontic cavities in any of the parameters considered. Furthermore, conservative methods were associated with larger percentages of unprepared canal surface area and larger volumes of remaining root filling material within the pulp chamber.
Effects of food gums and pre‐drying on fat content of fabricated fried chips
Authors: Lumanlan Jane C. , Fernando Warnakulasuriya M.A.D.B. , Karnpanit Weeraya , Jayasena Vijay 
Published: August 2020

SummaryDeep‐frying contributes to the unique taste and texture of fried products. However, they are low in nutritional value. Food industries actively trying to find ways to reduce the fat content while maintaining organoleptic properties of fried foods. In this work, effects of pre‐drying and adding food gums on the moisture and fat contents of chips were evaluated. The chips were pre‐dried for 60 and 90 min, and gellan gum, guar gum, methylcellulose and xanthan gum were added at the concentration of 0.25, 0.75, 1 and 2 % w/w. The xanthan gum was the most effective gum for fat reduction. The addition of 0.25 % w/w xanthan gum and at 90 min pre‐drying reduced the fat content from 20 % (control) to 15 % w/w. The results also indicated that the reduction of moisture content after frying was not affected by the type of gums but the method of pre‐drying.
Urodynamic efficacy of fesoterodine for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity and/or low compliance bladder
Authors: Kaga Kanya , Yamanishi Tomonori , Kaga Mayuko , Fuse Miki , Kamasako Tomohiko , Ishizuka Mitsuru 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the urodynamic effects of fesoterodine on neurogenic detrusor overactivity and/or low compliance bladder.MethodsA total of 77 patients (52 men, 25 women; aged 61.6 ± 20.3 years) were given fesoterodine 4–8 mg/day and prospectively followed for 12 weeks. The primary end‐point variable was change in the maximum cystometric capacity on urodynamic study. The secondary end‐point was to assess the number of patients whose neurogenic detrusor overactivity disappeared, and the changes in the urodynamic parameters, lower urinary tract symptoms questionnaires and the 3‐day frequency volume chart parameters after the treatment.ResultsA total of 13 patients (16.9%) withdrew because of adverse events (dry mouth or blurred vision), and four patients dropped out for unknown reasons. Finally, 60 patients completed the study. Bladder capacity at first desire to void, maximum cystometric capacity and bladder compliance increased by 29.2 mL, 79.9 mL and 22.2 mL/cm H2O, respectively, showed statistical significance (P = 0.026, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). Neurogenic detrusor overactivity disappeared in 12 of 51 patients (23.5%), and a significant increase was observed in bladder capacity at first involuntary contraction (P < 0.001), and a significant decrease was observed in maximum detrusor contraction (P < 0.001). In patients with low compliance bladder (with detrusor underactivity without neurogenic detrusor overactivity; n = 9), maximum cystometric capacity and bladder compliance increased significantly (P = 0.003 and P = 0.006, respectively). Overactive bladder symptom score, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire–Short Form, most items of King’s Health Questionnaire, and the number of urgency episodes and leaks in a day decreased significantly after treatment.ConclusionsFesoterodine seems to be a valid treatment option for neurogenic detrusor overactivity and/or low compliance bladder in neurogenic bladder patients.
Scheduling with day shifts and breaks
Authors: Xu Dehua , Xu Limin , Yu Xianyu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTraditional scheduling assumes that production can continue around the clock unless machines are not available. This is not without question for labor‐intensive industries where operations are performed manually. Motivated by operation management problems arising in the assembly stage of aeroengines and in the paint‐spraying stage of wooden furniture, we consider a scheduling problem with day shifts and breaks. We transform the problem into a new bin‐packing problem and present some theoretical analyses. To meet the needs of practical applications, we propose a binary integer programming (BIP) formulation and a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) that is based on five heuristic algorithms and two postoptimization procedures. Computational results indicate that the BIP formulation is suitable for some data sets while the HGA is the most promising in that it saves about 37% of day shifts compared to the best of the five heuristic algorithms in the context of scheduling.
Inflammatory and lipid regulation by cholinergic activity in epicardial stromal cells from patients who underwent open‐heart surgery
Authors: Couselo‐Seijas Marinela , Lopez‐Canoa José N. , Fernandez Ángel L. , González‐Melchor Laila , Seoane Luisa M. , Duran‐Muñoz Darío , Rozados‐Luis Adriana , González‐Juanatey José Ramón , Rodríguez‐Mañero Moisés , Eiras Sonia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe modulation of acetylcholine (ACh) release by botulinum toxin injection into epicardial fat diminishes atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence. These results suggest an interaction between autonomic imbalance and epicardial fat as risk factors of AF. Our aim was to study the inflammatory, lipidic and fibroblastic profile of epicardial stroma from patients who underwent open‐heart surgery, their regulation by cholinergic activity and its association with AF. We performed in vitro and ex vivo assays from paired subcutaneous and epicardial stromal cells or explants from 33 patients. Acute ACh effects in inflammation and lipid‐related genes were analysed by qPCR, in intracellular calcium mobilization were performed by Fluo‐4 AM staining and in neutrophil migration by trans‐well assays. Chronic ACh effects on lipid accumulation were visualized by AdipoRed. Plasma protein regulation by parasympathetic denervation was studied in vagotomized rats. Our results showed a higher pro‐inflammatory profile in epicardial regarding subcutaneous stromal cells. Acute ACh treatment up‐regulated monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 levels. Chronic ACh treatment improved lipid accumulation within epicardial stromal cells (60.50% [22.82‐85.13] vs 13.85% [6.17‐23.16], P < .001). Additionally, patients with AF had higher levels of fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (1.54 ± 0.01 vs 1.47 ± 0.01, P = .005). Its plasma levels were pronouncedly declined in vagotomized rats (2.02 ± 0.21 ng/mL vs 0.65 ± 0.23 ng/mL, P < .001). Our findings support the characterization of acute or chronic cholinergic activity on epicardial stroma and its association with AF.
Confounded by obesity and modulated by urinary uric acid excretion, sleep‐disordered breathing indirectly relates to hyperuricaemia in males: A structural equation model
Authors: Lai Ching‐Hsiang , Huang Ren‐Jing , Wong James Kok‐Suh , Chang Shen‐Wen , Chung Ai‐Hui , Chi Yung‐Chun , Yu Yi‐Chen , Lee Shin‐Da , Ting Hua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) causes hypoxic stress and can trigger uric acid (UA) overproduction. We comprehensively investigated whether SDB, interacting with components of metabolic syndrome, hepatic and renal dysfunctions, low physical fitness, sedentary lifestyle, disrupted sleep, and chronic systemic inflammation (CSI), is directly associated with hyperuricaemia. In 528 community‐based males (mean [SD] age 46.2 [7.4] years), we cross‐sectionally analysed measures of anthropometry; self‐reported lifestyle habits; overnight sleep polysomnography data; cardiopulmonary exercise tests; and biomarkers of cardiometabolic, hepatic, and renal functions; and CSI, using structural equation modelling. Objective disrupted sleep, C‐reactive protein, low physical fitness, and sedentary lifestyle were not related to UA levels in univariate analysis and were excluded. The latent variables (with corresponding manifest variables) obesity (body mass index, waist–hip ratio), hypertension (post‐sleep systolic, diastolic blood pressure), dyslipidaemia (total cholesterol, triglyceride/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol), hepatic dysfunction (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase), and renal dysfunction (blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine) were positively; and hyperglycaemia (fasting glucose, glycated haemoglobin) was negatively associated with hyperuricaemia (serum UA), except for SDB (Apnea–Hypopnea Index, percentage of oxygen saturation <90% period against total sleep time, oxygen desaturation index) in the one‐stage influence model. In the two‐stage model, SDB, closely interacting with obesity, was positively indirectly associated with hyperuricaemia through directly linked renal dysfunction and obesity‐linked hypertension, inverse hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, and hepatic dysfunction. In conclusion, structural equation modelling reveals that SDB closely interacts with obesity and is positively but indirectly related to hyperuricaemia in males. This suggests that urinary UA excretion modulates and obesity confounds the SDB–hyperuricaemia relationship.
Photocatalytic Efficiency Tuning by the Surface Roughness of TiO2 Coatings on Glass Prepared by the Doctor Blade Method
Authors: Tulli Fiorella , Morales Jesús M.N. , Salas Esteban E. , Morán Vieyra Faustino E. , Borsarelli Claudio D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA set of opaque films were prepared with Degussa P25® or Hombikat UV100® TiO2 powders by the doctor blade method on glass slides with different compositions of polyethylene glycol of 20 kDa (PEG20), and they were characterized by spectroscopy, microscopy and photochemical kinetics measurements. After annealing treatment at 450 °C, about 5–7% C atom was incorporated into the films, as a consequence of the degradation of the organic complexing agents, inducing a small reduction of the energy band gap of TiO2 (i.e. 3.02 ≤ Eg (eV) ≤ 3.08). All films were about 15 ± 2 μm thick but their micro‐morphological characteristics depended on the content of PEG20, showing different patterns of cracks and aggregates that produce intense light scattering and retransmission phenomena with the result of a three‐dimensional excitation of the TiO2 particles in the thick film. Back‐face excitation with UVA light (365 ± 42 nm) of the opaque films in contact with an aqueous solution produced both surface‐bound and free hydroxyl radicals (HO•), as detected using a coumarin solution as a radical dosimeter. The photogeneration efficiency of HO• decreased with the surface roughness of the films, which varied between 135 and 439 nm depending on the film's composition.