bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Littératies en santé et forums de patients : des formes d’ergonomie discursive
Authors: Delavigne Valérie 
Published: February 2020

Cet article se propose de discuter de l’articulation entre rédactologie, littératies et terminologie. Nous rappelons tout d’abord le contexte de l’information médicale en France et les enjeux d’une littératie en santé, puis nous explorons les notions de littératie et de littératie en santé en les articulant à une discipline qui n’est guère développée en France : la rédactologie. La description d’un corpus de forums de patients atteints de cancer permet de se demander en quoi la notion d’« ergonomie discursive », qui subsume les pôles respectifs des co- énonciateurs, peut apporter un éclairage sur les problématiques discursives de la vulgarisation.
Quelle sémiotique pour la poésie artistique de Guillaume Apollinaire ?
Authors: Soudani Hind 
Published: February 2020

« Poésie » est étymologiquement issu du grec ancien ποίησις (poiesis) signifiant « faire, créer ». Le poète est donc un créateur, un inventeur de formes expressives 1 . C’est en effet ce sens d’art poétique que nous devons garder à l’esprit lorsque nous considérons l’esthétique de l’écriture figurée d’Apollinaire. Cet art du vu et du lu dans la mise en place de la compréhension et de l’interprétation du message par le récepteur. Un univers graphique dessinant l’objet de l’écrit lui permettant ainsi une corrélation profonde entre l’image et l’imagination tout en subvertissant le signe linguistique qui, désormais, signifie au moyen de la représentation de son signifiant. Cela justifie tant la première appellation d’« Idéogrammes lyriques » donnée par Apollinaire à ses figurations que le titre « Et moi aussi je suis peintre » 2 dont il désigne la première plaquette de ce qu’il nommera plus tard « Calligrammes ». Une innovation poétique en apparence formelle, mais donnant lieu à un mode de fonctionnement à multiples facettes intéressant à étudier du point de vue sémiotique. Ainsi, à l’ère des nouveaux outils de représentation, de tels jeux figuratifs stimulent la curiosité du récepteur et investissent l’art poétique d’une modernité qui lui garantit de demeurer captivant et riche en mystère.
« On the surface of it » : John Ashbery au miroir
Authors: Cazé Antoine 
Published: February 2020

Quel reflet de soi John Ashbery offre-t-il dans le « miroir convexe » de ses poèmes ? À partir d’une analyse de l’apparente obscurité d’une poésie peut-être sans sujet, cet article montre en quoi une surface textuelle aux limites de l’illisible permet à son auteur de réfléchir aux conditions même de visibilité sur lesquelles se fonde l’écriture. Prenant pour fil directeur la conférence sur John Clare prononcée en 1989 par John Ashbery à Harvard, nous explorons ce que le poète appelle la « condition de difficile visibilité » (« Sunrise in Suburbia ») dans laquelle se déploie son écriture, qui trouve son accomplissement dans les longues séquences de vers si caractéristiques que sont « Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror » ou le plus ancien « The Skaters ». Il s’agit de comprendre en quoi ce déploiement, qui n’est pas pour autant une quelconque explication, configure un sujet dont « l’infinité de replis » (Louis Marin) constitue une profondeur en trompe-l’œil.
Gold and Bones: Remains of the Quest in Song of Solomon
Authors: Raynaud Claudine 
Published: February 2020

L’un des mystères du Chant de Salomon tourne autour du contenu du sac de Pilate, son « héritage », qui s’avère n’être ni l’or convoité ni les ossements du vieil homme blanc assassiné, mais les os de son père qu’elle doit alors inhumer. Cet essai retrace le symbolisme du contenu du sac, l’or et les os, qui fonctionne comme métonymie du roman lui-même à travers les projections et les interprétations, erronées, puis rectifiées qu’il suscite. La quête de l’or poursuivie par Milkman se résout lorsqu’il redirige sa recherche vers sa lignée et sa liberté de voler. Le motif de la relique, du memento mori , tel que le texte le retravaille, conduit à une analyse de ce qui reste du corps du père mort (le père de Pilate, celui de Ruth, celui de Guitar), de ce qu’il en est de la division entre corps et chair. Lié à la thématique du lynchage, le sac qui renferme les os du père noir cristallise le sujet profond de ce roman que Morrison a écrit à la mémoire de son père défunt, « Papa. »
L’ordinaire de la sortie de guerre
Authors: Grajales Jacobo , Jouhanneau Cécile 
Published: February 2020

Afin de rendre compte des processus politiques et sociaux à l’œuvre dans la sortie de guerre, ce dossier explore la production de l’action publique dans des secteurs fréquemment négligés par les spécialistes du « post-conflit ». Il se situe ainsi à rebours des approches exceptionnalistes du « post-conflit », focalisées sur les bouleversements induits par la guerre et sur des dispositifs singuliers visant la construction de la paix ( peacebuilding ). L’enjeu est donc de repérer empiriquement les articulations entre la guerre, les efforts visant à y mettre fin, et d’autres sphères d’action publique. L’article introductif relie cette posture à des travaux récents insistant sur l’ordinaire dans les situations de guerre, propose un bref état des lieux de la recherche et s’attarde sur les principaux objectifs du dossier : réfléchir aux usages multiples de la catégorie de « post-conflit » dans la fabrique de l’action publique et retracer les diverses manières dont un passé guerrier peut avoir une emprise sur les politiques publiques.
Au cœur du gouvernement internationalisé de la sortie de guerre
Authors: Jouhanneau Cécile 
Published: February 2020

La guerre transforme-t-elle la fabrique de l’action publique et si oui, comment ? En prenant pour objet un segment négligé de l’action publique en Bosnie-Herzégovine, le service public de l’emploi, on met en évidence les continuités relatives du gouvernement de l’emploi avant, pendant et après la guerre de 1992-1995. L’enquête conduite à différents niveaux de la fabrique de l’action publique, des institutions financières internationales aux échelons entitaires, cantonaux et municipaux suggère que les relations entre les agents de l’intervention de paix et leurs interlocuteurs politiques bosniens sont faites de dépendance mutuelle et de pratiques d’externalisation du travail bureaucratique. De façon similaire à la Yougoslavie socialiste, les partis de gouvernement pèsent de façon discrète sur la fabrique de ces politiques. Apparaissent ainsi certaines modalités contemporaines de gouvernement internationalisé.
A joint probabilistic index for objective drought identification: the case study of Haiti
Authors: Monteleone Beatrice , Bonaccorso Brunella , Martina Mario 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Since drought is a multifaceted phenomenon, more than one variable should be considered for a proper understanding of such an extreme event in order to
implement adequate risk mitigation strategies such as weather or agricultural indices insurance programmes or disaster risk financing tools. This
paper proposes a new composite drought index that accounts for both meteorological and agricultural drought conditions by combining in
a probabilistic framework two consolidated drought indices: the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the vegetation health index (VHI). The
new index, called the probabilistic precipitation vegetation index (PPVI), is scalable, transferable all over the globe and can be updated in near real
time. Furthermore, it is a remote-sensing product, since precipitation is retrieved from satellite data and the VHI is a remote-sensing index. In
addition, a set of rules to objectively identify drought events is developed and implemented. Both the index and the set of rules have been applied
to Haiti. The performance of the PPVI has been evaluated by means of a receiver operating characteristic curve and compared to that of the SPI and
VHI considered separately. The new index outperformed SPI and VHI both in drought identification and characterization, thus revealing potential for
an effective implementation within drought early-warning systems.
Damaged Type and Areopagitica's Clandestine Printers
Authors: Warren Christopher N. , Wiliams Pierce , Rijhwani Shruti , G'Sell Max 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Milton's Areopagitica (1644) is one of the most significant texts in the history of the freedom of the press, and yet the pamphlet's clandestine printers have successfully eluded identification for over 375 years. By examining distinctive and damaged type pieces from 100 pamphlets from the 1640s, this article attributes the printing of Milton's Areopagitica to the London printers Matthew Simmons and Thomas Paine, with the possible involvement of Gregory Dexter. It further reveals a sophisticated ideological program of clandestine printing executed collaboratively by Paine and Simmons throughout 1644 and 1645 that includes not only Milton's Areopagitica but also Roger Williams's The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution, William Walwyn's The Compassionate Samaritane, Henry Robinson's Liberty of Conscience, Robinson's John the Baptist, and Milton's Of Education, Tetrachordon, and Colasterion.
Unfinished Exegesis: Scriptural Authority and Psalm 2 in the Miltonic Canon
Authors: Specland Jeremy 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
This article traces Milton's late career readings of Psalm 2 to argue that the most vexed moments in his scriptural exegesis become the most poetically productive. De Doctrina Christiana was both more committed to scriptural authority than other systematic theologies of the day and questioned the integrity of the biblical text more radically. Milton's readings of Psalm 2 in De Doctrina Christiana, in his 1653 translation, and in Paradise Lost demonstrate not only a growing sense of hermeneutic liberty but also the exegetical limits beyond which interpretive ambition must not go.
Interbestuurlijk toezicht op bestuurlijke integriteit
Authors: Karsten Niels 
Published: February 2020

Interbestuurlijk toezicht op bestuurlijke integriteit. Naar een werkbare balans tussen lokale autonomie en bovenlokale doorzettingsmacht
De integriteit van het lokaal bestuur en het versterken van de integriteitscultuur in gemeenten staan hoog op de landelijke politiek-bestuurlijke agenda. De minister stelt dat het huidige instrumentarium van het generieke toezicht tekortschiet en er behoefte is aan meer middelen en instrumenten. Daarom verkent ze nieuwe vormen van interbestuurlijk toezicht vanuit het Rijk en de provincie. Dit artikel betoogt dat zulke maatregelen al snel op gespannen voet staan met de lokale autonomie, die een belangrijke pijler vormt van de gedecentraliseerde eenheidsstaat, en dat het daarom passender is om eerst binnen het lokaal bestuur op zoek te gaan naar innovatieve vormen van toezicht.
De weerbarstige praktijk van informatiegestuurd handhaven in Amsterdam
Authors: van der Wiel Daniëlle , van der Veer Annemarieke , Joosten Rosalie 
Published: February 2020

De weerbarstige praktijk van informatiegestuurd handhaven in Amsterdam. Vier lessen uit tien jaar rekenkameronderzoek.
Efficiënt en effectief handhaven wordt steeds belangrijker ondanks toenemende taken, drukte, een enorm werkgebied en schaarse capaciteit. Dat is de grootste uitdaging waar de Amsterdamse handhaving voor staat. Een informatiegestuurde werkwijze moet soelaas bieden, maar de praktijk blijkt weerbarstig. De rekenkamer volgde de inspanningen van de gemeente Amsterdam en trekt daaruit vier lessen voor een succesvolle informatiegestuurde handhaving op het lokale niveau.
Effect of a Combination of Ethanol Extract of Ficus capensis and Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on Liver and Kidney Function Parameters of Phenylhydrazine-Induced Anemic Rats
Authors: Christian Ezeigwe, Obiajulu , Obumneme Okpala, Chukwuemeka , Chibuzo Ogbodo, Uchechukwu , Divine Anwuna, Chioma , Rita Ngwu, Ogochukwu , Malachy Chigbo, Chidiebere 
Published: February 2020

Background: Anemia is a condition in which there is a reduced number of red blood cells or haemoglobin and iron concentration in the body thereby leading to a decreased capacity of the blood to carry oxygen to the body tissues.
Objectives: The study was designed to investigate the effect of a combination of ethanol extract of Ficus capensis and Cnidoscolus aconitifolius in phenylhydrazine-induced anemic rats.
Methods: The animals were divided into five groups of five rats each. Group A served as normal control, Group B as anemic control, group C as standard drug control, groups D and E were treated with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of combined ethanol leaf extract of F. capensis and C. aconitifolius respectively. Phenylhydrazine was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. for two days to induce anemia in rats. The administration of the extract lasted for 14 days after which the animals were sacrificed and blood obtained through cardiac puncture for kidney and liver biomarkers analyses.
Results: Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase, Total bilirubin, Direct bilirubin and Kidney function parameters assayed in the anemic untreated group showed significant increases (p<0.05) compared to the normal rats which may be attributed to toxicity induced by phenylhydrazine. The groups treated with the ethanol extract at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the liver function parameters compared to the anemic untreated group. The creatinine and urea levels of the anemic untreated group increased more than the that of the test groups although the increase was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: This study suggests that combined ethanol leaf extract of F. capensis and C. aconitifolius is safe and can be effective in the treatment and management of anemia.
Efficient Optical Angular Momentum Manipulation for Compact Multiplexing and Demultiplexing Using a Dielectric Metasurface
Authors: Li Siqi , Li Xingyi , Zhang Lei , Wang Guoxi , Zhang Lingxuan , Liu Mulong , Zeng Chao , Wang Leiran , Sun Qibing , Zhao Wei , Zhang Wenfu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAngular momentum (AM), one of the most basic physical properties of light, has attracted great interest of the scientific community due to its significant values in high‐capacity optical communication. To realize AM multiplexing and demultiplexing, the methods based on metallic metasurface are proposed, which suffers from huge Ohmic losses. Besides, additional coupling elements are necessary for coupling the output light into single‐mode waveguides. Here, an efficient and focused AM multiplexing and demultiplexing system based on dielectric metasurfaces are proposed and investigated. Employing the off‐axis technique and spin photonic Hall effect, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) and spin angular momentum (SAM) multiplexing/demultiplexing can be achieved. A 10‐channel AM multiplexing/demultiplexing system based on the proposed method is demonstrated. The demultiplexing efficiencies for all AM stats are above 8% and the maximum crosstalk among all AM states is −12.8 dB, which exhibits an excellent performance of the proposed metasurface for the AM demultiplexing. Furthermore, the output light is focused at the focal plane, which can be directly coupled into the single‐mode waveguides and improve the compactness of the system. The proposed method provides an effective way for AM multiplexing and demultiplexing, which possess a crucial potential for high‐capacity optical communication applications.
A Reactive Prodrug Ink Formulation Strategy for Inkjet 3D Printing of Controlled Release Dosage Forms and Implants
Authors: He Yinfeng , Foralosso Ruggero , Trindade Gustavo F. , Ilchev Alexander , Ruiz‐Cantu Laura , Clark Elizabeth A. , Khaled Shaban , Hague Richard J. M. , Tuck Christopher J. , Rose Felicity R. A. J. , Mantovani Giuseppe , Irvine Derek J. , Roberts Clive J. , Wildman Ricky D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA strategy for creating tuneable 3D printed drug delivery devices is proposed. 3D printing offers the opportunity for improved compliance and patient treatment outcomes through personalization, but bottlenecks include finding formulations that provide a choice of drug loading and release rate, that are tuneable, and avoid the need for surgical removal. The suggested solution is to exploit 3D inkjet printing freedoms. A reactive prodrug is used that can polymerize into drug‐attached macromolecules during 3D printing and by tuning the hydrophilicity, hydrolysis can be facilitated or hindered, which in turn controls drug release. To demonstrate this approach, ibuprofen is attached to 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate through a cleavable ester bond, formulated for inkjet 3D printing, and then printed to produce a solid dosage form. This allows a much higher loading than is usually achievable—in this case up to 58 wt%. Of equal importance, the 3D inkjet printing freedoms mean that the drug delivery device is highly tuneable: by selection of spacer monomers to adjust the hydrophilicity; through geometry; by spatially varying the components. Consequently, hierarchical release systems are created bespoke, from the molecular to macro. This approach represents a new paradigm for the formulation of printable inks for drug‐loaded medical devices.
Hierarchical Microcables Constructed by CoP@C⊂Carbon Framework Intertwined with Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Lithium Storage
Authors: Guo Kangkang , Xi Baojuan , Wei Ruchao , Li Haibo , Feng Jinkui , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTransition‐metal phosphides (TMPs)‐based electrode materials with high capacity have attracted considerable interest as a promising anode material for lithium−ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a hierarchical cable‐like structure composed of CoP@C core−shell nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated in one‐dimensional (1D) porous carbon framework intertwined with N‐doped carbon nanotubes (CoP@C⊂PCF/NCNTs) is synthesized by a self‐templating, self‐catalytic, and subsequent vapor‐phase phosphorization strategy. The unique nanoarchitecture regime provides multiple advantages. The 1D carbon framework allows for quick ion and electron access, maintaining the integrity and accommodating the volume change of the structure during repeated discharging/charging. The internal carbon shell can prevent the direct aggregation of CoP NPs on cycling. The external NCNTs on the surface supply a staggered conductive network to promote electrolyte penetration and charge transportation. Impressively, the as‐fabricated hybrid nanocables deliver a reversible capacity of 712 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 for over 700 cycles with excellent rate capability as an anode material for LIBs. The significantly improved lithium storage properties of CoP@C⊂PCF/NCNTs reveal the importance of reasonable design and engineering of novel hierarchical structures with higher complexity.
Predictors of HBeAg loss after nucleos(t)ide analogues treatment for chronic hepatitis B: A preliminary finding
Authors: Wen Shi‐Chi , Tsai Chi‐Chang , Cheng Lung‐Chih , Huang Chien‐Wei , Kuo Wu‐Hsien 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEntecavir (ETV) and tenofovir (TDF) are both potent antiviral agents for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The primary effective endpoints of treatment have been a sustained disappearance of HBV DNA and hepatitis B e‐antigen (HBeAg) loss or seroconversion. We compared the efficacy of ETV and TDF and determined clinical factors that contributed to HBeAg loss at Pao‐Chien Hospital in Pingtung city. We conducted a retrospective study. A total of 36 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (e‐positive) antigens were treated with ETV (n = 19) and TDF (n = 17) between January 2010 and January 2018. Demographic and baseline characteristics were used for Cox proportion hazard regression models to identify variables that were predictive of ETV and TDF‐induced HBeAg loss. The alfa fetal protein (AFP) levels were higher in patients with HBeAg loss than in those without loss (P = .006). Of which, 17 (47.2%) of 36 patients achieved HBeAg loss and 12 (33.3%) patients achieved HBeAg seroconversion. None of these seroconversion patients developed serum reversion after consolidation therapy and off treatment. The cumulative rate of HBeAg loss at years 1, 2, and 3 of therapy was 22.2% (8/36), 37.0% (10/27), and 57.7% (15/26), respectively. In cumulative rate at years 1 and 2, the frequency of HBeAg loss was observed greater in virological response at 6 months (13.9% vs 8.3%, P = .013; 40% vs 22%, P = .028, respectively). In multivariate Cox regression analysis for factors associated with HBeAg loss, an increase in virological response at 6 months (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 4.780; 95% CI, 1.013‐22.565; P = .048) was only significant factor associated with cumulative HBeAg loss rate at year 2 (adjusted HR = 0.183; 95% CI, 0.043‐0.774; P = .021). The rapidity and efficacy of HBV DNA reduction to undetectable is the predictor of nucleos(t)ide analogue (NUC)‐induced HBeAg loss. Early undetectable HBV DNA in 6 months might be used to predict a higher likelihood of HBeAg loss within 2‐year therapy with NUC.
Host affinity of endophytic fungi and the potential for reciprocal interactions involving host secondary chemistry
Authors: Christian Natalie , Sedio Brian E. , Florez‐Buitrago Ximena , Ramírez‐Camejo Luis A. , Rojas Enith I. , Mejía Luis C. , Palmedo Sage , Rose Autumn , Schroeder John W. , Herre Edward Allen 
Published: February 2020

PremiseInteractions between fungal endophytes and their host plants present useful systems for identifying important factors affecting assembly of host‐associated microbiomes. Here we investigated the role of secondary chemistry in mediating host affinity of asymptomatic foliar endophytic fungi using Psychotria spp. and Theobroma cacao (cacao) as hosts.MethodsFirst, we surveyed endophytic communities in Psychotria species in a natural common garden using culture‐based methods. Then we compared differences in endophytic community composition with differences in foliar secondary chemistry in the same host species, determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Finally, we tested how inoculation with live and heat‐killed endophytes affected the cacao chemical profile.ResultsDespite sharing a common environment and source pool for endophyte spores, different Psychotria host species harbored strikingly different endophytic communities that reflected intrinsic differences in their leaf chemical profiles. In T. cacao, inoculation with live and heat‐killed endophytes produced distinct cacao chemical profiles not found in uninoculated plants or pure fungal cultures, suggesting that endophytes, like pathogens, induce changes in secondary chemical profiles of their host plant.ConclusionsCollectively our results suggest at least two potential processes: (1) Plant secondary chemistry influences assembly and composition of fungal endophytic communities, and (2) host colonization by endophytes subsequently induces changes in the host chemical landscape. We propose a series of testable predictions based on the possibility that reciprocal chemical interactions are a general property of plant–endophyte interactions.
Stereoselective Thermal Addition of RP and/or SP‐Menthyl‐Deriving Secondary Phosphine Oxides to Active Alkynes, the Mechanism, Stereochemistry and Generation of P,C‐Chirogenic Bis‐Phosphine Derivatives
Authors: Yan Bing‐Xia , Zheng Hong‐Xing , Ye Jing‐Jing , Qiu Mao‐Ran , Zhang Yu , Zhao Chang‐Qiu , Li Qiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe additions of RP‐1 or SP‐1 to alkynyl esters stereo selectively afforded bis‐phosphinylated derivatives having up to four C‐ and P‐chirogenic centers. The stereochemistry was controlled by kinetic and thermodynamic processes at lower and higher temperature, respectively. At 100 °C, the bis‐adducts were obtained in up to 99% yield and >99 : 1 d.r.