bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modelling of the hypoglycaemic effect of pulsatile administration of human insulin in rats
Authors: Miyazaki Makoto , Hayata Mariko , Samukawa Noriaki , Iwanaga Kazunori , Nagai Junya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe relationship between the plasma insulin (INS) concentration–time course and plasma glucose concentration–time course during and after pulsatile INS administration to rats was characterized using a pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) model. A total INS dose of 0.5 IU/kg was intravenously injected in 2 to 20 pulses over a 2-h period. Compared with the single bolus administration, the area under the effect-time curve (AUE) increased depending on the number of pulses, and the AUEs for more than four pulses plateaued at a significantly larger value, which was similar to that after the infusion of a total of 0.5 IU/kg of INS over 2 h. No increase in plasma INS concentration occurred after pulsatile administration. Two indirect response models primarily reflecting the receptor-binding process (IR model) or glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation (GT model) were applied to describe the PK–PD relationship after single intravenous bolus administration of INS. These models could not explain the observed data after pulsatile administration. However, the IR-GT model, which was a combination of the IR and GT models, successfully explained the effects of pulsatile administration and intravenous infusion. These results indicate that the receptor-binding process and GLUT4 translocation are responsible for the change in AUE after pulsatile administration.
Heterologous production and functional characterization of Bradyrhizobium japonicum copper-containing nitrite reductase and its physiological redox partner cytochrome c550
Authors: Cristaldi Julio C , Ferroni Felix M , Duré Andrea B , Ramírez Cintia S , Dalosto Sergio D , Rizzi Alberto C , González Pablo J , Rivas Maria G , Brondino Carlos D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Two domain copper-nitrite reductases (NirK) contain two types of copper centers, one electron transfer (ET) center of type 1 (T1) and a catalytic site of type 2 (T2). NirK activity is pH-dependent, which has been suggested to be produced by structural modifications at high pH of some catalytically relevant residues. To characterize the pH-dependent kinetics of NirK and the relevance of T1 covalency in intraprotein ET, we studied the biochemical, electrochemical, and spectroscopic properties complemented with QM/MM calculations of Bradyrhizobium japonicum NirK (BjNirK) and of its electron donor cytochrome c550 (BjCycA). BjNirK presents absorption spectra determined mainly by a S(Cys)3pπ → Cu2+ ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) transition. The enzyme shows low activity likely due to the higher flexibility of a protein loop associated with BjNirK/BjCycA interaction. Nitrite is reduced at high pH in a T1-decoupled way without T1 → T2 ET in which proton delivery for nitrite reduction at T2 is maintained. Our results are analyzed in comparison with previous results found by us in Sinorhizobium meliloti NirK, whose main UV-vis absorption features are determined by S(Cys)3pσ/π → Cu2+ LMCT transitions.
Electrochemically detecting DNA methylation in theEN1gene promoter: implications for understanding ageing and disease
Authors: Morgan Amy E. , Acutt Katie D. , Mc Auley Mark T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is a growing need for biomarkers which predict age-onset pathology. Although this is challenging, the methylome offers significant potential. Cancer is associated with the hypermethylation of many gene promoters, among which are developmental genes. Evolutionary theory suggests developmental genes arbitrate early-late life trade-offs, causing epimutations that increase disease vulnerability. Such genes could predict age-related disease. The aim of this work was to optimise an electrochemical procedure for the future investigation of a broad range of ageing-related pathologies. An electrochemical approach, which adopted three analytical techniques, was used to investigate DNA methylation in the engrailed-1 (EN1) gene promoter. Using synthetic single-stranded DNA, one technique was able to detect DNA at concentrations as low as 10 nM, with methylation status distinguishable at concentrations &gt;25 nM. A negative correlation could be observed between % methylation of a heterogeneous solution and the key electrochemical parameter, charge transfer resistance (Rct; r = −0.982, P&lt;0.01). The technique was applied to the breast cancer cell line Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7), where a similar correlation was observed (r = −0.965, P&lt;0.01). These results suggest electrochemistry can effectively measure DNA methylation at low concentrations of DNA. This has implications for the future detection of age-related disease.
Multi-band behaviour of the TeV blazar PG 1553+113 in optical range on diverse timescales
Authors: Agarwal A. , Mihov B. , Andruchow I. , Cellone S. A. , Anupama G. C. , Agrawal V. , Zola S. , Slavcheva-Mihova L. , Özdönmez A. , Ege Ergün , Raj A. , Mammana L. , Zibecchi L. , Fernández-Lajús E. 
Published: November 2020

Context. The TeV BL Lac object PG 1553+113 is one of the primary candidates for a binary supermassive black hole system.
Aims. We study the flux and spectral variability of PG 1553+113 on intra-night to long-term timescales using (i) BVRI data collected over 76 nights from January 2016 to August 2019 involving nine optical telescopes and (ii) historical VR data (including ours) obtained for the period from 2005 to 2019.
Methods. We analysed the light curves using various statistical tests, fitting and cross-correlation techniques, and methods for the search for periodicity. We examined the colour-magnitude diagrams before and after the corresponding light curves were corrected for the long-term variations.
Results. Our intra-night monitoring, supplemented with literature data, result in a low duty cycle of ∼(10–18)%. In April 2019, we recorded a flare, which marks the brightest state of PG 1553+113 for the period from 2005 to 2019: R ≃ 13.2 mag. This flare is found to show a clockwise spectral hysteresis loop on its VR colour-magnitude diagram and a time lag in the sense that the V-band variations lead the R-band ones. We obtain estimates of the radius, the magnetic field strength, and the electron energy that characterize the emission region related to the flare. We find a median period of (2.21 ± 0.04) years using the historical light curves. In addition, we detect a secondary period of about 210 days using the historical light curves corrected for the long-term variations. We briefly discuss the possible origin of this period.
EUS is superior to secretin-enhanced cholangio-MRI to establish the etiology of idiopathic acute pancreatitis
Authors: Vila Juan J. , Mendioroz F. Javier Jiménez , Yeaton Paul , Fernández-Urién Iñaki , Sanchotena José Luis García , Goñi Silvia , Alonso Marta Gómez , Carrascosa Juan , Borda Ana , Prieto Carlos , Urman Jesús , Zozaya José M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims The etiology of idiopathic acute pancreatitis (IAP) should always be defined. Our aim was to compare the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) versus secretin-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (S-MRCP) in patients with IAP.
Patients and Methods Patients admitted to a single tertiary care University hospital with IAP were invited to participate in the study. Enrolled patients underwent EUS and S-MRCP in a single-blinded comparative study. EUS and S-MRCP were performed no sooner than 4 weeks after discharge. The diagnostic yield of EUS and S-MRCP and demographic variables were included in the analysis. Additional follow-up, results of subsequent serology, radiographic exams, and relevant histological analysis were considered in determination of the final diagnosis.
Results A total of 34 patients were enrolled; EUS was normal in six, cholelithiasis was defined in 15, choledocholithiasis in two, pancreas divisum in three, branch-type intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) in three, and chronic pancreatitis in five. S-MRCP identified choledocholithiasis in one, divisum in four, branch-type IPMT in three, chronic pancreatitis in two; 24 subjects diagnosed as normal by S-MRCP. Diagnostic correlation between EUS and S-MRCP was slight (kappa = 0.236, 95 % confidence interval: 0.055–0.416). EUS provided a statistically significantly higher diagnostic yield than S-MRCP: 79.4 % (CI95 %: 65 %–94 %) vs 29.4 % (CI95 %: 13 %–46 %) (P = 0.0002). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of EUS and S-MRCP were 90 %, 80 %, 96 %, 57 % and 33 %, 100 %, 100 % and 16 %, respectively.
Conclusion The diagnostic yield of EUS is higher than S-MRCP in patients with IAP.
COVID-19-Pandemie trifft auf Psyche der Bevölkerung: Gibt es einen Tsunami psychischer Störungen?
Authors: Riedel-Heller Steffi , Richter Dirk 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag diskutiert kurz- und längerfristige psychische Folgen der COVID-19-Pandemie in der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Die Dynamik der psychischen Reaktionen mit Ängstlichkeit, Depressivität und Belastungserleben scheint im Verlauf unmittelbar die infektionsepidemiologische Dynamik und damit das Ausbruchsgeschehen zu spiegeln. Obgleich alte Menschen eher schwere COVID-Verläufe haben, sind die psychischen Reaktionen besonders bei Jugendlichen ausgeprägt und weniger bei alten Menschen. Diese kurzfristigen Folgen sind eher als Reaktion auf diese Belastung zu sehen und weniger als psychische Störungen im engeren Sinne. Da die Zusammenhänge zwischen Wirtschaftskrisen und häufigerem Auftreten psychischer Störungen lange bekannt sind, ist von einer rezessionsbedingten Zunahme psychischer Störungen auszugehen. Die psychische Gesundheit muss ein zentrales Element im Pandemiemanagement sein.
CME versus D3 Dissection for Colon Cancer
Authors: Kobayashi Hirotoshi , West Nicholas P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOver the past 30 years, rectal cancer surgery has been standardized by total mesorectal excision. More recently, some have suggested that colon cancer surgery should be standardized by complete mesocolic excision (CME) with central vascular ligation (CVL), especially in Western countries. Surgeons undertaking CME with CVL report optimal outcomes. Sharp dissection within the embryological plane and high vascular ligation at the vessel origin are essential. In Japan, a similar concept, D3 dissection, has been adopted for decades. Although both surgical procedures are similar, distinct differences exist. Some surgeons are confused about the principles and practice of these two procedures. As well as overviewing the theory behind CME with CVL and D3 dissection, the technical details of both procedures are described.
Influence of countermovement depth on the countermovement jump‐derived reactive strength index modified
Authors: Pérez‐Castilla Alejandro , Weakley Jonathon , García‐Pinillos Felipe , Rojas F. Javier , García‐Ramos Amador 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of countermovement depth on the magnitude of the countermovement jump (CMJ) derived reactive strength index modified (RSImod), and to compare the RSImod between the CMJ performed with a self‐preferred knee flexion angle (CMJpref) and the CMJ performed from a pre‐determined knee flexion angle (CMJrefer) with the countermovement depth more similar to the CMJpref. Sixteen subjects (11 males and 5 females; age 25.1 ± 6.3 years, body mass 69.7 ± 10.2 kg, body height 172.9 ± 8.1 m) randomly performed in a single session the CMJpref and CMJs from five pre‐determined knee flexion angles (60°, 75°, 90°, 105°, and 120°). Our results showed that lower knee flexion angles were generally associated with greater RSImod values with the CMJ performed at 60° showing the greatest RSImod (P ≤ 0.049; effect size [ES] range = 0.19–0.63). The greatest RSImod for the CMJ performed at 60° was caused by the proportionally lower values of the time to take‐off (ES range = 0.65–1.91) compared to the decrease observed in jump height (ES range = 0.11–0.25). The RSImod was higher for the CMJpref compared to the CMJrefer (P < 0.001; ES = 0.34) due to a higher jump height (P = 0.021; ES = 0.14) and reduced time to take‐off (P < 0.001; ES = 0.85). These results indicate that practitioners should be careful when interpreting an individual's changes in RSImod when the countermovement depth is not similar across the testing sessions. However, since the use of pre‐determined knee flexion angles negatively impacts the RSImod, we encourage practitioners to use the CMJpref but only compare the RSImod when CMJs are performed using consistent countermovement depths.
Delayed potentiation effects on neuromuscular performance after optimal load and high load resistance priming sessions using velocity loss
Authors: González‐García Jaime , Giráldez‐Costas Verónica , Ruiz‐Moreno Carlos , Gutiérrez‐Hellín Jorge , Romero‐Moraleda Blanca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAim: (i) to compare the effects of two different low‐volume resistance priming sessions, where the external load is modified on neuromuscular performance after 6 h of rest; and (ii) to identify the effects on psychological readiness in participants with resistance training experience. Methods: Eleven participants (Body mass: 77.0 ± 8.9 kg; Body height: 1.76 ± 0.08 m; Half squat repetition maximum: 139.8 ± 22.4 kg) performed the priming session under three experimental conditions in a randomized and cross‐over design during the morning. The control (CON) condition: no resistance training, “optimal load” (OL) condition: two half‐squat sets with a velocity loss of around 20% were performed with the “optimal load”, and 80% of repetition maximum (80% RM) condition: 2 half‐squat sets with a velocity loss of around 20% were performed with the 80% RM. Countermovement jump (CMJ), mean power with OL (MPOL) and 80% RM (MP80RM), and mean velocity with OL (MVOL) and 80% RM (MV80RM) were assessed six hours after the intervention. Subjective readiness was also recorded prior to resistance training and evaluation. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: CMJ was higher after the 80% RM intervention than CON (p < 0.001; Δ = 6.5% [3.4–9.5]). MPOL and MVOL seemed to be unaffected by both morning sessions. Higher MP80RM (p = 0.044; Δ = 9.7% [4.0–15.6]; d = 0.24[0.10–0.37]) and MV80RM (p = 0.004; Δ = 8.1% [3.2–13.3]; d = 0.32[0.13–0.52]) after 80% RM than after CON were observed. No effect was observed on psychological readiness. Conclusions: 80% RM priming session increased CMJ height and the capacity to generate power and velocity under a high‐load condition without any effect on psychological readiness.
Multi-sensor signal fusion for a compound fault diagnosis method with strong generalization and noise-tolerant performance
Authors: Wu Peilan , Nie Xiaoyin , Xie Gang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The gearbox is one of the main components of rotating machinery, for which the complex and changeable working environment leads to frequent failures. To solve the problems of the low diagnostic accuracy of compound faults, weak generalization ability, and difficult diagnosis in a noisy environment, a new method is proposed based on a convolutional neural network. First, the fusion of vibration signals collected by multiple sensors forms a one-dimensional sequence as the input of the network. Second, the random destruction of input and minimal batch normalization mechanisms are introduced to improve the
noise tolerance and generalization ability of the model. Finally, the accuracy is estimated by ten-fold cross-validation, which ensures the reliability of the diagnostic results when there are few fault samples. The resulting method is used in compound fault diagnosis under different working conditions. The results show that the method has an accuracy rate of more than 99.5% for gearbox compound-fault classification, strong generalization, and good noise-tolerant performance.
High-bandwidth light inputting multilevel photoelectric memory based on thin-film transistor with a floating gate of CsPbBr3/CsPbI3 blend quantum dots
Authors: Pei Junxiang , Wu Xiaohan , Huo Jingyong , Liu Wen-Jun , Zhang David Wei , Ding Shi-Jin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The electronic-photonic convergent systems can overcome the data transmission bottleneck for microchips by enabling processor and memory chips with high-bandwidth optical input/output. However, current silicon-based electronic-photonic systems require various functional devices/components to convert high-bandwidth optical signals into electrical ones, thus making further integrations of sophisticated systems rather difficult. Here, we demonstrate thin-film transistor-based photoelectric memories employing CsPbBr3/CsPbI3 blend perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) as a floating gate, and multilevel memory cells are achieved under programming and erasing modes, respectively, by imputing high-bandwidth optical signals. For different bandwidth light input (i.e. 500–550, 575–650 and 675–750 nm) with the same intensity, three levels of programming window (i.e. 3.7, 1.9 and 0.8 V) and erasing window (i.e. −1.9, −0.6 and −0.1 V) are obtained under electrical pulses, respectively. This is because the blend PQDs have two different bandgaps, and different amounts of photo-generated carriers can be produced for different wavelength optical inputs. It is noticed that the 675–750 nm light inputs have no effects on both programming and erasing windows because of no photo-carriers generation. Four memory states are demonstrated, showing enough large gaps (1.12–5.61 V) between each other, good data retention and programming/erasing endurance. By inputting different optical signals, different memory states can be switched easily. Therefore, this work directly demonstrates high-bandwidth light inputting multilevel memory cells for novel electronic-photonic systems.
Monte Carlo calculation of the relative TG-43 dosimetry parameters for the INTRABEAM electronic brachytherapy source
Authors: Ayala Alvarez David Santiago , G F Watson Peter , Popovic Marija , Jean Heng Veng , Evans Michael D C , Seuntjens Jan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The INTRABEAM system (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) is an electronic brachytherapy (eBT) device designed for intraoperative radiotherapy applications. To date, the INTRABEAM x-ray source has not been characterized according to the AAPM TG-43 specifications for brachytherapy sources. This restricts its modelling in commercial treatment planning systems (TPSs), with the consequence that the doses to organs at risk are unknown. The aim of this work is to characterize the INTRABEAM source according to the TG-43 brachytherapy dosimetry protocol. The dose distribution in water around the source was determined with Monte Carlo (MC) calculations. For the validation of the MC model, depth dose calculations along the source longitudinal axis were compared with measurements using a soft x-ray ionization chamber (PTW 34013) and two synthetic diamond detectors (microDiamond PTW TN60019). In our results, the measurements in water agreed with the MC model calculations within uncertainties. The use of the microDiamond detector yielded better agreement with MC calculations, within estimated uncertainties, compared to the ionization chamber at points of steeper dose gradients. The radial dose function showed a steep fall-off close to the INTRABEAM source (

<

10 mm) with a gradient higher than that of commonly used brachytherapy radionuclides (192Ir, 125I and 103Pd), with values of 2.510, 1.645 and 1.232 at 4, 6 and 8 mm, respectively. The radial dose function partially flattens at larger distances with a fall-off comparable to that of the Xoft Axxent® (iCAD, Inc., Nashua, NH) eBT system. The simulated 2D polar anisotropy close to the bare probe walls showed deviations from unity of up to 55% at 10 mm and 155°. This work presents the MC calculated TG-43 parameters for the INTRABEAM, which constitute the necessary data for the characterization of the source as required by a TPS used in clinical dose calculations.
Mode competition in broad-ridge-waveguide lasers
Authors: Koester J-P , Putz A , Wenzel H , Wünsche H-J , Radziunas M , Stephan H , Wilkens M , Zeghuzi A , Knigge A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The lateral brightness achievable with high-power GaAs-based laser diodes having long and broad waveguides is commonly regarded to be limited by the onset of higher-order lateral modes. For the study of the lateral-mode competition two complementary simulation tools are applied, representing different classes of approximations. The first tool bases on a completely incoherent superposition of mode intensities and disregards longitudinal effects like spatial hole burning, whereas the second tool relies on a simplified carrier transport and current flow. Both tools yield agreeing power-current characteristics that fit the data measured for 5–23 µm wide ridges. Also, a similarly good qualitative conformance of the near and far fields is found. However, the threshold of individual modes, the partition of power between them at a given current, and details of the near and far fields show differences. These differences are the consequence of a high sensitivity of the mode competition to details of the models and of the device structure. Nevertheless, it can be concluded concordantly that the brightness rises with increasing ridge width irrespective of the onset of more and more lateral modes. The lateral brightness

2

W

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1

mrad

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at 10 MW cm−2 power density on the front facet of the investigated laser with widest ridge (23 µm) is comparable with best values known from much wider broad-area lasers. In addition, we show that one of the simulation tools is able to predict beam steering and coherent beam coupling without introducing any phenomenological coupling coefficient or asymmetries.
Machine learning on the electron–boson mechanism in superconductors
Authors: Li Wan-Ju , Hsu Ming-Chien , Huang Shin-Ming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To unravel pairing mechanism of a superconductor from limited, indirect experimental data is always a difficult task. It is common but sometimes dubious to explain by a theoretical model with some tuning parameters. In this work, we propose that the machine learning might infer pairing mechanism from observables like superconducting gap functions. For superconductivity within the Migdal–Eliashberg theory, we perform supervised learning between superconducting gap functions and electron–boson spectral functions. For simple spectral functions, the neural network can easily capture the correspondence and predict perfectly. For complex spectral functions, an autoencoder is utilized to reduce the complexity of the spectral functions to be compatible to that of the gap functions. After this complexity-reduction process, relevant information of the spectral function is extracted and good performance restores. Our proposed method can extract relevant information from data and can be applied to general function-to-function mappings with asymmetric complexities either in physics or other fields.