bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect on Annuities Preference of Prompts to Consider Life Expectancy: Evidence from a UK Quota Sample
Authors: Robinson Jenny , Comerford David A. 
Published: November 2019

State‐run pensions advice websites in the UK and the USA recommend considering how long the pension needs to last and offer a life expectancy calculator for this purpose. Theories make conflicting predictions regarding the effect on annuities preference of following this recommendation. We asked a quota sample of over 2000 UK residents to choose between an annuity or cashing out their pension. Whereas a control group made this choice without any prompt, three treatment groups were asked prior to choice how long their retirement would last, or what age they would live to, or what age they would die by. Asking about life expectancy reduced preference for annuities relative to the control condition. This research suggests that the reference to life expectancy on the UK's pension advice website exacerbates underannuitization.
Experience with mouthguards and prevalence of orofacial injuries among field hockey players in Catalonia
Authors: Zamora‐Olave Carla , Willaert Eva , Parera Lluis , Riera‐Puñet Nina , Martinez‐Gomis Jordi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground/AimOrofacial injuries are a serious problem in field hockey. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of orofacial injuries in field hockey players in Catalonia, the frequency of mouthguard use, the types of mouthguards used and the degree of interference with oral function.Material and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 325 field hockey players (28% women) from all age categories completed a questionnaire about orofacial injuries occurring during their sporting lives, including dental injuries, oral lacerations and episodes of acute temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain. The questionnaire also asked about the experience of using a mouthguard, the type of mouthguard used and any adverse effects of use. The degree of interference with oral function was compared by type of mouthguard (mouth‐formed, custom‐made and pre‐fabricated mouthguards) using the Kruskal‐Wallis test.ResultsHalf of the players (50.2%) reported at least one orofacial injury during their sporting lives. The mean number of oral lacerations, TMD pain episodes and dental injuries were 1.59, 0.24 and 0.18, respectively. In total, 310 players (95.7%) had tried a mouthguard, and of these 269 (86.8%) and 283 (91.3%) still used a mouthguard habitually during training and competition, respectively. Only 11 players (3.5%) had tried all three types of mouthguards, and 71 players (22.9%) had tried two types of mouthguard. By type, 217 players (70.0%) had tried mouth‐formed (boil‐and‐bite) mouthguards, 156 (50.3%) had tried custom‐made mouthguards and 30 (9.7%) had tried pre‐fabricated mouthguards. Custom‐made mouthguards were rated as more comfortable than the mouth‐formed type (P < .05).ConclusionsThe prevalence of orofacial injuries among field hockey players is relatively high. Most players habitually use a mouthguard during training and competition, typically preferring custom‐made or a mouth‐formed types. Custom‐made mouthguards were considered the most comfortable.
Developing oral health risk assessment as routine practice during early stages of clinical careers: A cross‐sectional study of dental students using the NoMAD questionnaire
Authors: Cook Clare , Finch Tracy , Sharma Samridh , Girling Melissa , Rapley Tim , Vernazza Christopher R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundEffective implementation of healthcare initiatives is of key importance for ensuring high‐quality clinical and health outcomes. Using Normalization Process Theory, this study investigates the implementation behaviour of dental students in relation to a novel oral health risk assessment tool. It considers the impact of advancing learning on normalisation of innovative healthcare practice.MethodsStudents completed the NoMAD (normalisation of complex interventions‐measure development) questionnaire and an additional scale to assess perceived value of the oral health risk assessment tool, after having used the tool for nearly one academic year. The sample comprised third‐ (n = 75), fourth‐ (n = 77) and fifth‐year (n = 37) students. Differences between groups in relation to the four generative processes of normalisation were analysed using ANOVA. Cohen's d effect sizes were calculated between groups. Multiple linear regression was undertaken to investigate the impact of normalisation level on value/utility judgements.ResultsThere were significant group differences for three of the four generative processes of normalisation (coherence, cognitive participation and reflexive monitoring). Third‐ and fourth‐year students were highly similar but these groups showed lower normalisation compared to fifth years. Normalisation assessment predicted perceived value and utility of the oral health risk assessment tool.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that dental students show lower normalisation of novel tools at earlier stages in their course, possibly due to increased cognitive load, and that perceived value and utility of a novel tool is related to increased normalisation.
Decision time modulates social foraging success in wild common ravens, Corvus corax
Authors: Gallego‐Abenza Mario , Loretto Matthias‐Claudio , Bugnyar Thomas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSocial foraging provides several benefits for individuals but also bears the potential costs of higher competition. In some species, such competition arises through kleptoparasitism, that is when an animal takes food which was caught or collected by a member of its social group. Except in the context of caching, few studies have investigated how individuals avoid kleptoparasitism, which could be based on physical strength/dominance but also cognitive skills. Here, we investigated the foraging success of wild common ravens, Corvus corax, experiencing high levels of kleptoparasitism from conspecifics when snatching food from the daily feedings of captive wild boars in a game park in the Austrian Alps. Success in keeping the food depended mainly on the individuals’ age class and was positively correlated with the time to make a decision in whether to fly off with food or consume it on site. While the effect of age class suggests that dominant and/or experienced individuals are better in avoiding kleptoparasitism, the effect of decision time indicates that individuals benefit from applying cognition to such decision‐making, independently of age class. We discuss our findings in the context of the ecological and social intelligence hypotheses referring to the development of cognitive abilities. We conclude that investigating which factors underline kleptoparasitism avoidance is a promising scenario to test specific predictions derived from these hypotheses.
Grain yield responses to planting density in twin and narrow row cultivation of early cultivars in maize
Authors: Liang Song , Yoshihira Taiki , Sato Chihiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe investigated how the responses of grain yield of maize to planting density depended on planting pattern (twin row, TR; narrow row, NR; narrow twin row, NTR; compared with conventional row (CR) cultivation) over 2 years using cultivars with relative maturity of 93 days. Grain yields were higher in order of NTR ≥ TR ≥ NR ≥ CR in all planting densities. Changes in grain yield and total dry matter yield with planting density followed significant negative quadratic regression curves in all planting patterns, increased with dense planting from 9.7 to 10.4 planting density and decreased thereafter. Changes in number of grains per ear and hundred grain weight with planting density followed significant negative linear regression in all planting pattern, and number of grain per ear, hundred grain weight and harvest index decreased with dense planting. The quadratic coefficient of the quadratic regression model, which indicates the changeability of the planting density response of grain yield, was lowest for NTR, followed by TR, NR and CR. The decline in number of grains per ear in response to increasing planting density for different planting patterns was NTR ≤ TR ≤ NR ≤ CR. The planting density response of total dry matter yield closely follows that of the grain yield in all planting pattern. But decrease in harvest index due to increased planting density for different planting patterns was lowest for NTR, followed by TR, NR and CR. Considering the relationship of grain yield to their related traits, the improved stability of grain yield for the specific planting patterns from the fact that the decline in number of grains per ear for different planting patterns is NTR < TR ≤ NR < CR. The specific planting patterns moderate the decline in harvest index and number of grains per ear with increasing planting density by enabling the maintenance of greater inter‐individual distance a given planting density.
Transcriptional regulation of heat shock protein 70 genes by class I histone deacetylases in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Chen M. , Zhang N. , Jiang H. , Meng X. , Qiang K. , Wang J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe regulatory function of histone acetylation in the expression of genes encoding heat shock proteins (Hsps) has been documented in Drosophila melanogaster; however, knowledge of the role of acetylation in modulating Hsps in other insect pests is limited. In this study, two full‐length cDNAs encoding inducible Hsp70 (designated TcHsp70) and heat shock cognate 70 (TcHsc70) were isolated and characterized in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. TcHsp70 and TcHsc70 cDNAs were 2256 and 2132 bp and encoded 1941‐ and 1893‐bp open reading frames, respectively. The deduced TcHsp70 and TcHsc70 proteins contained 646 and 630 amino acids, respectively, and contained sequences typical of the Hsp70 family, including the EEVD motif for cytoplasmic localization. Expression patterns after heat shock indicated that TcHsp70 was strongly heat‐inducible, whereas the expression level of TcHsc70 remained unchanged under heat shock. RNA interference‐mediated knock‐down of three genes encoding class I histone deacetylases differentially influenced both basal and heat shock inducible expression of TcHsp70 and TcHsc70, suggesting the involvement of histone acetylation in epigenetic regulation of Hsp70 transcription in T. castaneum.
Development of ICNP‐based inpatient falls prevention catalogue
Authors: Cho I. , Kim J. , Chae J.S. , Jung M. , Kim Y.H. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesThe International Council of Nurses supports the development of International Classification for Nursing Practice® (ICNP®) catalogues to support the construction of electronic health records and evidence‐based practice. Such a catalogue is needed for inpatient falls.MethodsThe ICNP®‐Based Inpatient Fall‐Prevention Catalogue (‘The Catalogue’) was developed following the six steps recommended by the International Council of Nurses: (1) identifying inpatient falls as a priority, (2) gathering relevant concepts from 10 international guidelines and comparing locally defined sets of fall‐prevention terms, (3) mapping the concepts to the ICNP® terminology, (4) identifying new concepts, (5) conducting a clinical face validation with a 12‐member panel and finalizing The Catalogue and (6) setting a strategy for dissemination. The high‐level structure of the International Classification for Patient Safety was used as a theoretical framework.ResultsEighteen nursing care elements and 141 terms were identified. A local vocabulary set had 89 terms (63.1%) that all corresponded to the identified terms. The exact and post‐coordination mapping rates to the ICNP® were 75% and 40.6% for assessment/diagnosis/outcomes and interventions, respectively. The 54 new terms corresponded to 52 primitive concepts. An external review of The Catalogue showed that it had adequate understandability and validity. However, one‐third of assessments/diagnoses/outcomes and one‐fourth of interventions were not found in a tertiary hospital practice.ConclusionA fall‐prevention catalogue has been developed based on evidence and a theoretical framework and also clinically validated.Implication for Nursing and Health PolicyThe Catalogue is a standardized interface terminology and content subset in any electronic health records system that can directly deliver evidence on fall prevention. It can also be used as an informatics tool to aggregate, analyse, interpret and compare nursing data worldwide.
The Contribution of Staffing to Medication Administration Errors: A Text Mining Analysis of Incident Report Data
Authors: Härkänen Marja , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri , Murrells Trevor , Paananen Jussi , Franklin Bryony D. , Rafferty Anne M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurpose(a) To describe trigger terms that can be used to identify reports of inadequate staffing contributing to medication administration errors, (b) to identify such reports, (c) to compare the degree of harm within incidents with and without those triggers, and (d) to examine the association between the most commonly reported inadequate staffing trigger terms and the incidence of omission errors and “no harm” terms.Design and SettingThis was a retrospective study using descriptive statistical analysis, text mining, and manual analysis of free text descriptions of medication administration–related incident reports (N = 72,390) reported to the National Reporting and Learning System for England and Wales in 2016. MethodsAnalysis included identifying terms indicating inadequate staffing (manual analysis), followed by text parsing, filtering, and concept linking (SAS Text Miner tool). IBM SPSS was used to describe the data, compare degree of harm for incidents with and without triggers, and to compare incidence of “omission errors” and “no harm” among the inadequate staffing trigger terms.FindingsThe most effective trigger terms for identifying inadequate staffing were “short staffing” (n = 81), “workload” (n = 80), and “extremely busy” (n = 51). There was significant variation in omission errors across inadequate staffing trigger terms (Fisher’s exact test = 44.11, p < .001), with those related to “workload” most likely to accompany a report of an omission, followed by terms that mention “staffing” and being “busy.” Prevalence of “no harm” did not vary statistically between the trigger terms (Fisher’s exact test = 11.45, p = 0.49), but the triggers “workload,” “staffing level,” “busy night,” and “busy unit” identified incidents with lower levels of “no harm” than for incidents overall.ConclusionsInadequate staffing levels, workload, and working in haste may increase the risk for omissions and other types of error, as well as for patient harm.Clinical RelevanceThis work lays the groundwork for creating automated text‐analytical systems that could analyze incident reports in real time and flag or monitor staffing levels and related medication administration errors.
Annona squamosa L. leaves inhibit alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) stimulated melanogenesis via p38 signaling pathway in B16F10 melanoma cells
Authors: Ko Gyeong‐A , Kang Hye Rim , Moon Jeong Yong , Ediriweera Meran Keshawa , Eum Sangmi , Bach Tran The , Cho Somi Kim 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnnona squamosa L. is a branched shrub, which is believed to be originated from the America and West Indies. Fruits of this plant are commonly known as custard apple, sugar apple, or sweetsops. A number of studies have proven a range of biological activities associated with various parts of A. squamosa.AimsThe main aim of the present investigation was to evaluate potential inhibitory effects of A. squamosa leaf extract (ALE) on melanogenesis and its underlying mechanisms in B16F10 murine melanoma cells.MethodsInhibitory effects of A. squamosa leaf extract (ALE) on melanogenesis were primarily assessed by determining melanin contents. Effects of ALE on tyrosinase activity and the expression of proteins associated with melanogenesis were then determined. GC–MS analysis was carried out to identify the phytochemical profile of A. squamosa leaf extract.ResultsAntimelanogenic effects of ALE were found to exert through the inhibition of melanocyte inducing transcription factor (MITF) and activation of p38. GC‐MS analysis identified ent‐kaur‐16‐en‐19‐ol, 18‐oxokauran‐17‐yl acetate, and β‐sitosterol as major phytochemicals.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study on the antimelanogenic effects of A. squamosa leaves, rationalizing the use A. squamosa leaf extract as a natural depigmentation agent for the treatment of skin diseases and the development of cosmetic products with enhanced skin‐lightening capabilities.
Understanding and treating different patient archetypes in aesthetic medicine
Authors: Liew Steven , Silberberg Michael , Chantrey Jonquille 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundFactors that motivate the treatment goals and expectations of the aesthetic patient reflect evolving social, cultural, and commercial influences. The aesthetic practitioner may often be faced with the challenge of first decoding the underlying motives that drive the patient to pursue their specific goals. The challenge for clinicians is further compounded by an increase in patient diversity with respect to race, ethnicity, age, and gender.AimsSimplify the path to patient interpretation with identification of primary patient archetypes.MethodsThe “Going Beyond Beauty” (GBB) initiative, consisting of 27 market research projects, was conducted to survey the primary goals and motives for seeking treatment aesthetic treatment. The results were stratified into predominant patient archetypes using segmentation analysis and then validated through online surveys, 1‐to‐1 interviews, and focus groups conducted with patients. An advisory board of internationally based aesthetic clinicians integrated the data with their own insights to further characterize each archetype.ResultsData from over 54 000 participants in 17 different countries were distilled into four distinct patient archetypes based on motivating factors, aesthetic goals, initial treatment requests, and treatment opportunities and challenges. These archetypes were named Beautification, Positive Aging, Transformation, and Correction.ConclusionThe clinician's ability to recognize these four primary archetypes may provide a useful frame of reference to understand patient motives better, anticipate and manage their expectations, and provide the appropriate treatment guidance that best serves the long‐term goals of their patients.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: Clinical and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow SPECT Outcomes
Authors: Song In‐Uk , Na Seung‐Hee , Im Jooyeon Jamie , Jeong Hyeonseok , Chung Sung‐Woo , Chung Yong‐An 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEOver the course of treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), the clinical effects of dopaminergic medication diminish and side effects emerge. Therefore, searching for new therapeutic alternatives or complementary treatments is required. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could potentially complement the current therapeutic armamentarium, but only a few studies have investigated the therapeutic effects of tDCS in PD. The present pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of repeated tDCS treatment on motor symptoms and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with PD using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).METHODSFour patients with PD received tDCS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex two times per week (anode F3/cathode F4, 2 mA for 30 minutes) over a period of 12 months. Patients underwent brain SPECT scans and clinical motor evaluation at baseline and 12‐month follow‐up. For SPECT data, voxel‐wise changes in rCBF were analyzed.RESULTSThere was no significant change of the motor severity scale, but the follow‐up SPECT showed significant hyperperfusion in the left superior frontal gyrus medial segment and left superior parietal lobule compared to baseline (P < .001).CONCLUSIONSThis study shows that tDCS application may improve rCBF in the frontal and parietal lobes in patients with PD, suggesting beneficial effects of tDCS on brain function. Our results are preliminary and further large‐scale studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Dietary fatty acid oxidation is decreased in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A palmitate breath test study
Authors: Naguib Gihan , Morris Nevitt , Yang Shanna , Fryzek Nancy , Haynes‐Williams Vanessa , Huang Wen‐Chun A. , Norman‐Wheeler Jaha , Rotman Yaron 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground & AimHepatic fat excess in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) reflects an imbalance between fat accumulation and disposal. Conflicting data exist for the role of fatty acid oxidation (FAO), one of the disposal pathways, and have mostly come from the studies delivering fatty acids (FAs) intravenously. Whether FAO of orally provided FAs is affected in NAFLD is unknown.MethodsWe performed a breath test study to measure FAO in subjects with NAFLD and healthy controls. Subjects ingested [1‐13C] palmitic acid (PA, 10 mg/kg) in a liquid meal and the rate of 13CO2 appearance in expired air was measured over 6 hours by a BreathID device (Exalenz) to obtain the cumulative percent dose recovered (CPDR), the total amount of ingested 13C recovered. CPDR was corrected by the results of a [1‐13C] acetate breath test, performed 1‐4 weeks later, to calculate the rate of PA β‐oxidation.ResultsPalmitic acid oxidation was 27% lower in 43 subjects with NAFLD compared to 11 controls (CPDR 9.5 ± 2.4% vs 13.1 ± 3.7%, P = .0001) and this persisted after correcting for acetate (29.3 ± 10.5 vs 36.6 ± 13.9, P = .03). The decrease in FAO was not because of the delayed transit as the time to peak 13C detection did not differ between groups (4.9 ± 1.2 hours vs 4.7 ± 0.8 hours, P = .7). Rates of PA oxidation were not correlated with obesity, hepatic or adipose insulin resistance, alanine aminotransferase, liver fat content and NAFLD histology.ConclusionFatty acid oxidation of orally delivered FA is decreased in NAFLD compared to healthy controls, likely reflecting decreased β‐oxidation. The use of a breath test offers non‐invasive dynamic assessment of FAO.