bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indwelling pleural catheter and successful autopleurodesis of refractory inflammatory lupus effusion
Authors: Ng Boon Hau , Nik Abeed Nik Nuratiqah , Abdul Hamid Mohamed Faisal , Soo Chun Ian , Low Hsueh Jing , Ban Andrea Yu‐Lin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIndwelling pleural catheter (IPC) is a useful tool for refractory malignant pleural effusions (MPEs). It allows palliation by intermittent symptomatic relief of the effusion and improves quality of life. Its use in benign pleural effusions comes mainly from retrospective studies, case series, and case reports. Lupus effusion is common, causes minimal symptoms, and usually responds to either steroid therapy or immunosuppressants. Refractory lupus effusion is less common and treatment may require invasive surgical pleurectomy. We describe a 52‐year‐old woman whose first presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was a pleural effusion refractory to steroids and immunosuppressants. She successfully achieved spontaneous pleurodesis with intermittent IPC drainage at three months.
A‐Orbital feedback linearization of multiinput control affine systems
Authors: Fetisov Dmitry A. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis article deals with transformations of multiinput nonlinear control systems into linear controllable systems. For multiinput control affine systems, the notion of A‐orbital feedback linearizability is introduced which generalizes the notion of orbital feedback linearizability and is based on input‐dependent time scalings. A necessary and sufficient condition for A‐orbital feedback linearizability is derived for multiinput control affine systems. On the basis of this condition, an A‐orbital feedback linearization algorithm is developed. It is revealed that the proposed concept extends the existing approaches to orbital feedback linearization. More precisely, it is proved that if a system is A‐orbitally feedback linearizable in a neighborhood of some point, the dimension of the state is greater than that of the input by at least three, and the time scaling essentially depends on the input, then the system cannot be orbitally feedback linearized around that point.
Investigating the turbulent flow behaviour through partially distributed discontinuous rigid vegetation in an open channel
Authors: Anjum Naveed , Tanaka Norio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRiparian vegetation does not only affect the channel flow carrying capacity, but also plays significant roles in water management, stream restoration, and river rehabilitation. This study numerically investigates the flow characteristics through longitudinally discontinuous rigid vegetation occupying half width of the channel, with the help of three‐dimensional software FLUENT in which a Reynolds stress turbulence model was adopted. Three varying conditions of vegetation were considered comprising of vertically double‐layered vegetation (DLV), submerged vegetation (SV), and emergent vegetation (EV) while keeping the same vegetation density, as well as a varying discharge condition against DLV was also tested. The results indicated that the flow distribution becomes more complex through DLV and SV followed by multiple layers with an inflectional instability in the vertical velocity profile around submerged canopy top, as compared to the flow through EV where the uniform distribution of flow over the canopy column was observed. The velocity in the canopy zone decreased considerably because of the resistance due to vegetation, which influenced the channel carrying capacity, in comparison to that in the non‐vegetated zone. The flow velocities through the obstructed part of the channel, that is, canopy zone, in DLV arrangement reduced by a percentage difference of approximately 42 and 37% compared to that of SV and EV arrangements, respectively; whereas it was reduced by approximately 55% when the discharge was twice while keeping the same configuration of DLV. The inflectional instabilities and estimated mixing layer over the interfacial zone suggested a stronger lateral exchange of momentum for DLV configuration in comparison to that of SV and EV. Within the gaps between the patch zones, the flow velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and turbulent intensity reduced significantly due to blockage effect and sheltering offered by the vegetation patches, signifying a positive flow response towards aquatic life and sediment deposition.
Developing a systematic approach to the analysis of time‐varying main bearing loads for wind turbines
Authors: Hart Edward 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper considers the time‐varying loads experienced by wind turbine main bearings. Radial load trajectories based on simulated data indicate that ‘looped’ structures, in the form of repeating changes in radial load magnitudes and directions that form elliptical patterns, are present, which have not been described before in the literature. In order to allow these identified structures to be described and studied, an automated method for identification and parameterisation of these loops is presented, along with preliminary results from applications on simulated data. In order to assess the relative importance and potential impacts of these identified structures on bearing rollers, an internal load model for double‐row spherical roller bearings is also developed. Results indicate that identified loops in radial main bearing applied loads lead to significant fluctuations in bearing roller loads, even within normally unloaded regions. These findings motivate further study with respect to the identified load structures and their impacts on wind turbine main bearing internal loading and failures. The methods developed in this paper provide the basis for a systematic approach and necessary tools for this future work.
Lie algebra expansion and integrability in superstring Sigma-models
Authors: Fontanella Andrea , Romano Luca 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Lie algebra expansion is a technique to generate new Lie algebras from a given one. In this paper, we apply the method of Lie algebra expansion to superstring σ-models with a ℤ4 coset target space. By applying the Lie algebra expansion to the isometry algebra, we obtain different σ-models, where the number of dynamical fields can change. We reproduce and extend in a systematic way actions of some known string regimes (flat space, BMN and non-relativistic in AdS5×S5). We define a criterion for the algebra truncation such that the equations of motion of the expanded action of the new σ-model are equivalent to the vanishing curvature condition of the Lax connection obtained by expanding the Lax connection of the initial model.
A path integral realization of joint $$ J\overline{T} $$, $$ T\overline{J} $$ and $$ T\overline{T} $$ flows
Authors: Aguilera-Damia Jeremías , Giraldo-Rivera Victor I. , Mazenc Edward A. , Landea Ignacio Salazar , Soni Ronak M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We recast the joint $$ J\overline{T} $$
J

T
¯

, $$ T\overline{J} $$
T

J
¯

and $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformations as coupling the original theory to a mixture of topological gravity and gauge theory. This geometrizes the general flow triggered by irrelevant deformations built out of conserved currents and the stress-energy tensor, by means of a path integral kernel. The partition function of the deformed theory satisfies a diffusion-like flow equation similar to that found in the pure $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

case. Our proposal passes two stringent tests. Firstly, we recover the classical deformed actions from the kernel, reproducing the known expressions for the free boson and fermion. Secondly, we explicitly compute the torus path integral along the flow and show it localizes to a finite-dimensional, one-loop exact integral over base space torus moduli. The dressed energy levels so obtained match exactly onto those previously reported in the literature.
Pin-fin metal alloy structures enhancing heat transfer in PCM-based heat storage units
Authors: Dmitruk Anna , Naplocha Krzysztof , Kaczmar Jacek W. , Smykowski Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPCMs (phase change materials) applied in heat storage technology are on the one hand characterised by relatively large specific heat capacity, and on the other hand by relatively low thermal conductivity (e.g. 0.2 W·m−1·K−1) for paraffin), which prolongs the charging/discharging cycles of heat accumulators based on such materials. In order to improve the heat transfer within PCMs, spatially shaped pin-fin metal alloy structures are being developed that have been immersed in the PCM material. Pin-fin metallic structures can be manufactured via investment casting technology. The 3D structures produced using this technique can be modified and adjusted in order to improve the heat transfer parameters (heat conductivity, specific heat transfer area). For this study, complex metal alloy pin-fin structures were immersed in paraffin, and an experimental test stand was built in order to examine the heat transfer characteristics of composite PCMs with pin-fin metal structures. Multiple heating/cooling cycles confirmed the enhanced transfer of heat inside the heat storage unit and allowed us to ascertain the decreased temperature gradient within the heat accumulator. The heat transfer phenomenon was simulated to show heating and melting course nearby metal inserts and confirm the beneficial influence of the applied pin-fin geometry, that can be further optimized. The thermal behaviour of the PCM, tested with DSC and TGA analysis, was used as an input for the simulation.
Functional positional eye and eyelid movements
Authors: Mustafa Mohamed Mabrouk , Akram Harry , Oliva-Domínguez Manuel , Kaski Diego 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Positional manoeuvres are an important part of the neurological examination, particularly in patients with vertigo where the presence and characteristics of provoked nystagmus can help differentiate central from peripheral neurological disorders.

Methods
Case series of functional positional eye and eyelid movements.

Results
We report four patients with functional eye and eyelid movements provoked during positional manoeuvres. The range of abnormalities observed included positional convergence spasm, brief functional saccadic oscillations, and excessive positional blinking mimicking upbeat nystagmus. The functional movements described were present on a background of pre-existing peripheral or central nystagmus, or positional vertigo.

Conclusion
Functional positional eye and eyelid movements may co-exist with organic nystagmus that renders an accurate interpretation of the manoeuvre more challenging. A thorough understanding of the clinical features that differentiate these two categories of eye/eyelid movements makes the analysis easier, thus preventing misdiagnosis and avoiding unnecessary investigations.
Dynamic and Internal Longest Common Substring
Authors: Amir Amihood , Charalampopoulos Panagiotis , Pissis Solon P. , Radoszewski Jakub 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGiven two strings S and T, each of length at most n, the longest common substring (LCS) problem is to find a longest substring common to S and T. This is a classical problem in computer science with an $$\mathcal {O}(n)$$

O
(
n
)

-time solution. In the fully dynamic setting, edit operations are allowed in either of the two strings, and the problem is to find an LCS after each edit. We present the first solution to the fully dynamic LCS problem requiring sublinear time in n per edit operation. In particular, we show how to find an LCS after each edit operation in $$\tilde{\mathcal {O}}(n^{2/3})$$

O
~

(

n

2
/
3

)

time, after $$\tilde{\mathcal {O}}(n)$$

O
~

(
n
)

-time and space preprocessing. This line of research has been recently initiated in a somewhat restricted dynamic variant by Amir et al. [SPIRE 2017]. More specifically, the authors presented an $$\tilde{\mathcal {O}}(n)$$

O
~

(
n
)

-sized data structure that returns an LCS of the two strings after a single edit operation (that is reverted afterwards) in $$\tilde{\mathcal {O}}(1)$$

O
~

(
1
)

time. At CPM 2018, three papers (Abedin et al., Funakoshi et al., and Urabe et al.) studied analogously restricted dynamic variants of problems on strings; specifically, computing the longest palindrome and the Lyndon factorization of a string after a single edit operation. We develop dynamic sublinear-time algorithms for both of these problems as well. We also consider internal LCS queries, that is, queries in which we are to return an LCS of a pair of substrings of S and T. We show that answering such queries is hard in general and propose efficient data structures for several restricted cases.
The ultimate cost of carbon
Authors: Archer David , Kite Edwin , Lusk Greg 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe estimate the potential ultimate cost of fossil-fuel carbon to a long-lived human population over a one million–year time scale. We assume that this hypothetical population is technologically stationary and agriculturally based, and estimate climate impacts as fractional decreases in economic activity, potentially amplified by a human population response to a diminished human carrying capacity. Monetary costs are converted to units of present-day dollars by multiplying the future damage fractions by the present-day global world production, and integrated through time with no loss due from time-preference discounting. Ultimate costs of C range from $10k to $750k per ton for various assumptions about the magnitude and longevity of economic impacts, with a best-estimate value of about $100k per ton of C. Most of the uncertainty arises from the economic parameters of the model and, among the geophysical parameters, from the climate sensitivity. We argue that the ultimate cost of carbon is a first approximation of our potential culpability to future generations for our fossil energy use, expressed in units that are relevant to us.
Ethnic Diversity in Children’s Books in the Netherlands
Authors: de Bruijn Ymke , Emmen Rosanneke A. G. , Mesman Judi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present study examined the representation of authors, illustrators, and characters of color in books for young children (6 years old and under) that (1) have won awards, (2) were purchased most often, and (3) were borrowed most often from libraries in the Netherlands from 2009 to 2018. Factors influencing the prominence of characters were explored. In total, 64 books and 2053 characters were coded, and representation statistics were compared to statistics of the national population. Results suggest a slight underrepresentation of authors of color as compared to population statistics, and an underrepresentation of characters of color as compared to the target audience. Results on some factors influencing prominence suggest that White characters and characters of color play an equally prominent role in the books. Results on other factors, however, suggest that characters of color, especially females, are less prominent in terms of their role in the story, whether they have a name, and in relation to the number of other characters in the book. The results provide an insight in to ethnic diversity in popular books for young children in the Netherlands, and show some room for improvement in terms of representation and prominence of characters of color, so that children of color might have more opportunities to identify with characters and that readers could be exposed to ethnic diversity as represented in society.
Limits to learning: the struggle to adapt to unintended effects of international payment for environmental services programmes
Authors: Koch Dirk-Jan , Verholt Marloes 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article pioneers new thinking on learning by organizations created by international environmental agreements, especially the boundaries within which learning can take place. It hypothesizes that there are ideological, institutional and technical boundaries to learning, which negatively impact the effectiveness of international environmental programming. This theory is rigorously tested by applying it to a group of new programmes, the forest-focused payment for environmental services programmes, which find their origin in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The article systematically researches unintended effects of these programmes and clusters them into four categories. The uncovering of these unintended effects leads to the main research question: do international organizations actually succeed in adapting to these unintended effects? By combining three methods (a structured literature review, a systemic internal programme document analysis and expert interviews), the research finds that organizations struggle to adapt to these unintended effects. Whereas some of the limits to learning can be overcome by enhancing technical capacities, other limits, notably those that are induced by ideological thinking and institutional imperatives, are hard to overcome.
Severe Autoinflammatory Manifestations and Antibody Deficiency Due to Novel Hypermorphic PLCG2 Mutations
Authors: Martín-Nalda Andrea , Fortuny Claudia , Rey Lourdes , Bunney Tom D. , Alsina Laia , Esteve-Solé Ana , Bull Daniel , Anton Maria Carmen , Basagaña María , Casals Ferran , Deyá Angela , García-Prat Marina , Gimeno Ramon , Juan Manel , Martinez-Banaclocha Helios , Martinez-Garcia Juan J , Mensa-Vilaró Anna , Rabionet Raquel , Martin-Begue Nieves , Rudilla Francesc , Yagüe Jordi , Estivill Xavier , García-Patos Vicente , Pujol Ramon M. , Soler-Palacín Pere , Katan Matilda , Pelegrín Pablo , Colobran Roger , Vicente Asun , Arostegui Juan I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAutoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) were first described as clinical disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of seemingly unprovoked sterile inflammation. In the past few years, the identification of novel AIDs expanded their phenotypes toward more complex clinical pictures associating vasculopathy, autoimmunity, or immunodeficiency. Herein, we describe two unrelated patients suffering since the neonatal period from a complex disease mainly characterized by severe sterile inflammation, recurrent bacterial infections, and marked humoral immunodeficiency. Whole-exome sequencing detected a novel, de novo heterozygous PLCG2 variant in each patient (p.Ala708Pro and p.Leu845_Leu848del). A clear enhanced PLCγ2 activity for both variants was demonstrated by both ex vivo calcium responses of the patient’s B cells to IgM stimulation and in vitro assessment of PLC activity. These data supported the autoinflammation and PLCγ2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (APLAID) diagnosis in both patients. Immunological evaluation revealed a severe decrease of immunoglobulins and B cells, especially class-switched memory B cells, with normal T and NK cell counts. Analysis of bone marrow of one patient revealed a reduced immature B cell fraction compared with controls. Additional investigations showed that both PLCG2 variants activate the NLRP3-inflammasome through the alternative pathway instead of the canonical pathway. Collectively, the evidences here shown expand APLAID diversity toward more severe phenotypes than previously reported including dominantly inherited agammaglobulinemia, add novel data about its genetic basis, and implicate the alternative NLRP3-inflammasome activation pathway in the basis of sterile inflammation.
Conductive heating mattress leads to ECG changes that mimic pacemaker spikes
Authors: Bräuer A. , Franke R. , von Hammerstein-Equord A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHypothermia is a common perioperative complication. To prevent perioperative hypothermia amongst other things electrical heating mattresses are used. We have made an observation with the use of an electrical heating mattress that may confuse users. In this case the ECG monitoring suddenly showed spikes that looked like spikes from an implanted pacemaker. When turning off the heating mattress the spikes disappeared and returned after turning on the heating mattress again.
Focus in wh-questions
Authors: Bocci Giuliano , Bianchi Valentina , Cruschina Silvio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses two long-standing issues concerning focus: first, the question of whether the focal interpretation is directly read off the prosodic structure of a sentence, or it is rather mediated by a [focus] feature encoded in the syntactic representation; second, whether interrogativewh-phrases are inherently endowed with a [focus] feature. We provide evidence from two prosodic experiments on directwh-questions in Italian, showing that the Nuclear Pitch Accent (NPA) and main stress fall on the lexical verb, without a concomitant focal interpretation of the latter. Furthermore, we show that NPA assignment is sensitive to the derivational history of thewh-phrase under short-distance vs. long-distance extraction. We account for the observed NPA distribution in terms of a [focus] feature which is bundled with the [wh] in direct questions, and is specified on each phase head that hosts in its edge one link of thewh-chain. Thus, v° is specified for the feature bundle {wh, focus} and attracts the assignment of the NPA, which is then realized on the lexical verb. Our findings, thus, cast doubt on the direct association between prosodic prominence and a focal interpretation.
Access to Finance, Technology Investments and Exporting Decisions of Indian Services Firms
Authors: Yang Shubin , Milner Chris , Lancheros Sandra , Gunessee Saileshsingh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study provides fresh empirical evidence on the influence of various financing sources on firms’ technology investments and exporting decisions using a panel of firms from the service sector in India during the period 1999–2010. Allowing both activities to be jointly determined, our results show that the source of finance matters for exporting and investing in technology. Moreover, the importance of different types of finance varies across industries in the service sector. Overall, we find that internal funds and non-conventional sources of finance play an important role for exporting and investing in technology in both modern and traditional services. However, funding from conventional financial markets exerts divergent effects across service industries: while traditional service firms use resources from the banking sector to fund their technological investments, firms in the modern service sector rely more on funds raised through equity markets to support their exporting and technological efforts. These results contribute to the academic literature and policy debate on the importance of financial mechanisms to promote firms’ strategic investment decisions.
Critically Important: The Heterogeneous Effect of Diplomatic Tensions on Trade
Authors: Hinz Julian , Leromain Elsa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith global value chains interlocking today’s economies, what is the impact of diplomatic tensions on international trade? We exploit variation in monthly data on imports, a measure of imported input use in the domestic economy, and the incidence of bilateral diplomatic tensions to show that their impact on trade is heterogeneous across countries and industries. Trade in industries that are crucial for domestic production is more sensitive to political tensions. We expose the underlying mechanism in a simple framework before testing it in reduced form.