bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of thermometer protective sheets provides reliable measurement of rectal temperature: a prospective study in 500 dogs
Authors: Jolivet F. , Pic M. , Rishniw M. , Concordet D. , Dossin O. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo measure and compare rectal temperature measurement with and without thermometer protective sheaths. To survey veterinary practices regarding thermometer use and disinfection.Materials and MethodsThermometers were validated with and without protective sheaths for accuracy and repeatability in a water bath with a high precision thermometer as reference. Then, the rectal temperature of 500 dogs was measured with and without protective sheaths in randomised order. The difference in temperature measured by the two methods was analysed with a generalised linear model with order of temperature measurement, life stage, dog size, body condition, level of consciousness, class of temperature and operator as explanatory variables. Practical thermometer use and disinfection was surveyed by online questionnaire.ResultsIn the pre‐clinical phase, study thermometers recorded average temperature differences of −0.05 ± 0.07°C (mean ± SD) and −0.03 ± 0.08°C with and without sheath, respectively and the coefficients of variation ranged from 0.1 to 0.5% with and without sheath. In the clinical study, temperatures measured with and without sheaths differed by less than ±0.2°C for 92% of the measurements. None of the explanatory variables were associated with the observed differences. Twenty‐five percent of survey respondents were aware of the guidelines for disinfection of thermometers.Clinical SignificanceThermometer protective sheaths do not affect the measurement of canine rectal temperature in the clinic.
Oxidative status of erythrocytes, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia in diabetic cats
Authors: Zini Eric , Gabai Gianfranco , Salesov Elena , Gerardi Gabriele , Da Dalt Laura , Lutz Thomas A. , Reusch Claudia E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundErythrocytes of diabetic cats have decreased superoxide dismutase activity, possibly indicative of oxidative stress.HypothesisErythrocytes of diabetic cats undergo oxidative stress, which is caused by hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, and improves with treatment.AnimalsTwenty‐seven client‐owned cats with diabetes mellitus, 11 matched healthy cats, and 21 purpose‐bred healthy cats.MethodsProspective study. Advanced oxidized protein products, carbonyls (protein oxidation by‐products), and thiols (antioxidants) were quantified in erythrocyte membrane, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBAR, lipid peroxidation by‐products), and thiols in erythrocyte cytoplasm of all cats. Comparison were performed between diabetic and matched healthy cats, between diabetic cats achieving remission or not, and among purpose‐bred cats after 10 days of hyperglycemia (n = 5) or hyperlipidemia (n = 6) versus controls treated with saline (n = 5) or untreated (n = 5).ResultsCompared with controls, erythrocytes of diabetic cats initially had higher median membrane carbonyls (4.6 nmol/mg total protein [range: 0.1‐37.7] versus 0.7 [0.1‐4.7],P< .001) and lower cytoplasmic TBAR (1.9 nmol/mg [0.5‐2.4] versus 2.4 [1.4‐3.5]P< .001), and thiols (419 nmol/mg [165‐621] versus 633 [353‐824],P< 0.001). After 12‐16 weeks of treatment in diabetic cats, carbonyls decreased by 13% (P< .001), but remained higher (P< .001) and TBAR and thiols lower (P= .02,P< .001) than those in controls. No differences were observed between diabetic cats achieving remission or not, and among purpose‐bred cats.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDiabetes mellitus is associated with increased protein oxidation and reduced antioxidant defenses, which persist during treatment and remission, although mild improvement in protein oxidation occurs. Short‐term hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia does not cause oxidative stress. The reason for decreased TBAR remains unknown.
The systemic microcirculation in dialysis populations
Authors: Williams Jennifer , Gilchrist Mark , Strain David , Fraser Donald , Shore Angela 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn a rapidly expanding population of patients with chronic kidney disease, including 2 million people requiring renal replacement therapy, cardiovascular mortality is 15 times greater than the general population. In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, more poorly defined risks related to uremia and its treatments appear to contribute to this exaggerated risk. In this context, the microcirculation may play an important early role in cardiovascular disease associated with chronic kidney disease. Experimentally, the uremic environment and dialysis have been linked to multiple pathways causing microvascular dysfunction. Coronary microvascular dysfunction is reflected in remote and more easily studied vascular beds such as the skin. There is increasing evidence for a correlation between systemic microvascular dysfunction and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Systemic microcirculatory changes have not been extensively investigated across the spectrum of chronic kidney disease. Recent advances in non‐invasive techniques studying the microcirculation in vivo in man are increasing the data available particularly in patients on hemodialysis. Here, we review current knowledge of the systemic microcirculation in dialysis populations, explore whether non‐invasive techniques to study its function could be used to detect early stage cardiovascular disease, address challenges faced in studying this patient cohort and identify potential future avenues for research.
Sublingual microcirculation in prehospital critical care medicine: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Bruno Raphael Romano , Reed Markus , Bimpong‐Buta Nana‐Yaw , Muessig Johanna M. , Masyuk Maryna , Binneboessel Stephan , Franz Marcus , Kelm Malte , Jung Christian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveDiagnostic and risk stratification are limited in emergencies. The measurement of microcirculation might identify patients with poor perfusion but compensated macrocirculation such as in beginning shock. This proof‐of‐concept study examines whether sublingual prehospital sidestream dark‐field microscopy is feasible.MethodsThis prospective observational study included patients receiving medical aid by an emergency ambulance who had a spontaneous circulation and offered access to the sublingual mucosa. Sublingual measurement of microcirculation was performed using a sidestream dark field camera. Video quality was evaluated with microcirculation image quality score (microcirculation image quality score). AVA 4.3C software calculated microcirculatory parameters.ResultsThirty patients (47% male) were included. The average age was 63 years (±20 years SD), the severity of the disease (quantified by National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics) was 3.4 (±0.7 SD). Macrocirculation presented within the normal range. The most frequent cause preventing the measurement was a time‐critical disease (64%). In 17 patients (57%), the videos could be analyzed immediately. The average quality of the video was 2.2 ± 0.45 points (‘acceptable’). There were minor restrictions of microcirculation. Microcirculation correlated with National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics, but not with the macrocirculation. No complications occurred.ConclusionThe prehospital sublingual measurement is safe and valid. Despite normal macrocirculation, microcirculation was impaired and correlated with National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics.
How nurses’ use of language creates meaning about healthcare users and nursing practice
Authors: Dahlke Sherry , Hunter Kathleen F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNursing practice occurs in the context of conversations with healthcare users, other healthcare professionals, and healthcare institutions. This discussion paper draws on symbolic interactionism and Fairclough's method of critical discourse analysis to examine language that nurses use to describe the people in their care and their practice. We discuss how nurses’ use of language constructs meaning about healthcare users and their own work. Through language, nurses are articulating what they believe about healthcare users and nursing practice. We argue that the language nurses use can contribute to viewing their practice as tasks on bodies that must be accomplished efficiently and objectively within the biomedical model, rather than relational and person‐centered. Moreover, the language nurses use can perpetuate a sense of powerlessness within healthcare systems yet paradoxically they are in a position of power over healthcare users. Nurses’ compliance with the efficiency and biomedical model results in a lack of emphasis on the full breadth of nursing work, which could be enacted in relational rather than power‐laden practices. We conclude by positing that careful use of language among nurses in all settings is essential, if we are to begin to articulate what nursing is to ourselves and to others.
A cell surface arabinogalactan‐peptide influences root hair cell fate
Authors: Borassi Cecilia , Gloazzo Dorosz Javier , Ricardi Martiniano M. , Carignani Sardoy Mariana , Pol Fachin Laercio , Marzol Eliana , Mangano Silvina , Rodríguez Garcia Diana Rosa , Martínez Pacheco Javier , Rondón Guerrero Yossmayer del Carmen , Velasquez Silvia M. , Villavicencio Bianca , Ciancia Marina , Seifert Georg , Verli Hugo , Estevez José M. 
Published: February 2020

Summary

Root hairs (RHs) develop from specialized epidermal trichoblast cells, whereas epidermal cells that lack RHs are known as atrichoblasts. The mechanism controlling RH cell fate is only partially understood.

RH cell fate is regulated by a transcription factor complex that promotes the expression of the homeodomain protein GLABRA 2 (GL2), which blocks RH development by inhibiting ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (RHD6). Suppression of GL2 expression activates RHD6, a series of downstream TFs including ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 LIKE‐4 (RSL4) and their target genes, and causes epidermal cells to develop into RHs. Brassinosteroids (BRs) influence RH cell fate. In the absence of BRs, phosphorylated BIN2 (a Type‐II GSK3‐like kinase) inhibits a protein complex that regulates GL2 expression.

Perturbation of the arabinogalactan peptide (AGP21) in Arabidopsis thaliana triggers aberrant RH development, similar to that observed in plants with defective BR signaling. We reveal that an O‐glycosylated AGP21 peptide, which is positively regulated by BZR1, a transcription factor activated by BR signaling, affects RH cell fate by altering GL2 expression in a BIN2‐dependent manner.

Changes in cell surface AGP disrupts BR responses and inhibits the downstream effect of BIN2 on the RH repressor GL2 in root epidermis.
Observed and projected trends of extreme precipitation and maximum temperature during 1992–2100 in Isfahan province, Iran using REMO model and copula theory
Authors: Mirakbari Maryam , Mesbahzadeh Tayyebeh , Soleimani Sardoo Farshad , Miglietta Mario M. , Krakauer Nir Y. , Alipour Nahid 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMeteorological extreme events have a major impact on water resources, economic development, and ecosystem health. In this study, maximum precipitation and maximum temperature indices were derived for Isfahan province, in central Iran, over the historical (1992–2017) and future (2020–2100) periods. Precipitation and maximum temperature data from the REMO model under RCP4.5 scenario were used to investigate changes in extreme values over the future period. The results showed that extreme precipitation in the historical and future periods has respectively a decreasing and increasing trend. Based on the extreme indices, temperature in the study area has a significant increasing trend in the baseline and future period. Various combinations of extreme precipitation indicators were created for joint modeling by copula theory. Copula modeling for the three weather stations for which REMO had satisfactory performance in simulating extremes over the historic period showed that the average return period of extreme precipitation combinations will be reduced in the future period compared to the historical period at Daran and Shahreza, while the average return period of combinations will have both increasing and decreasing trends at Naeen.Recommendations for Resource Managers

Knowing information about the probability of occurrence of extreme precipitation with a certain value that exceeds a certain threshold will help planning for water resource systems under drought conditions and future increasing temperature.
The joint return period of extreme precipitation can help to know the return period of extreme events such as floods and droughts.
The findings of this study are important to assess the prediction of climate extreme. Also, these results can be useful to provide the appropriate strategies for water resources managers in drought conditions under future increasing temperature.
Mechanism of Methylprednisolone‐Induced Primary Cilia Formation Disorder and Autophagy in Osteoblasts
Authors: Zhao Zhen‐qun , Liu Wan‐lin , Guo Shi‐bing , Bai Rui , Yan Jing‐long 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo study the role of primary cilia formation disorder and osteoblasts autophagy in the pathogenesis of steroid‐induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH).MethodsOsteoblasts were isolated from rabbit bones and treated with 1 μM Methylprednisolone for 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. The Beclin1, MAP1LC3, Atg‐5, Atg‐12, IFT20 and OFD1 mRNAs and proteins were detected by PCR and Western blotting, and their correlation was statistically analyzed. The lengths of osteoblast cilia were measured under a laser confocal microscope, and the autophagy flux was tracked by transfecting the osteoblasts with GFP‐RFP‐LC3 lentivirus.ResultsMethylprednisolone significantly upregulated Beclin1, MAP1LC3, Atg‐5, Atg‐12 and OFD1 mRNAs and proteins in a time‐dependent manner, and decreased that of IFT20 (P < 0.05). In addition, the autophagy flux in the osteoblasts also increased and the ciliary length decreased in a time‐dependent manner after Methylprednisolone treatment. The length of the cilia were 5.46 ± 0.11 um at 0 h, 4.08 ± 0.09 um at 12 h, 3.07 ± 0.07 um at 24 h, 2.31 ± 0.10 um at 48 h, and finally 1.15 ± 0.04 um at 72 h. Methylprednisolone treatment also affects primary cilium numbers in cultures, for 0 to 72 h. The autophagy regulatory genes, Beclin1, MAP1LC3, Atg‐5 and Atg‐12, were found to be negatively correlated with IFT20, with an average correlation coefficient of −0.81. A negative correlation was also found between OFD1 and IFT20, with an average correlation coefficient of −0.53.ConclusionMethylprednisolone inhibits primary cilia formation and promotes autophagy, which could be the pathological basis of SANFH. The exact regulatory mechanism needs to be further studied in vivo.
Moving towards a better understanding of iterative evolution: an example from the late Silurian Monograptidae (Graptolithina) of the Baltic Basin
Authors: Whittingham Misha , Radzevičius Sigitas , Spiridonov Andrej 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIterative evolution has proved a difficult evolutionary phenomenon to study and interpret. Inferences of causality vary from study to study and quantitatively based phylogenetic reconstruction has never been attempted. In an effort to better understand iterative evolution we employed stratocladistics, gap analysis and disparity analysis to study the case of the Monograptidae in the aftermath of the late SilurianCyrtograptus lundgreniextinction event. Our combination of gap analytical and stratocladistic techniques allowed us to elucidate the evolutionary relationships between the studied taxa. Based on our stratocladistic results we recommend the generic reassignment of five monograptid taxa. The stratocladistic results, in conjunction with morphological disparity analysis suggest the presence of a persistent developmental potential for the emergence of iteratively evolving characters. This persistent potential appears to be limited by extrinsic ecological constraints, which would have relaxed in the aftermath of theC. lundgreniextinction event. Our findings indicate that iterative evolution in the late Silurian Monograptidae is a product of the interaction of both intrinsic and extrinsic constraints on the acquisition of the iteratively evolving character, with the exact causality being dependent on the particular character.
A Novel Combination Technique: Three Points of Epiduroscopic Laser Neural Decompression and Percutaneous Laser Disc Decompression With the Ho:YAG Laser in an MSU Classification 3AB Herniated Disc
Authors: Beyaz Serbülent Gökhan , Ülgen Ali Metin , Kaya Burak , İnanmaz Mustafa Erkan , Ergönenç Tolga , Eman Ali , Doğan Burcu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of simultaneous epiduroscopic laser neural disc decompression (ELND) and percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) applications using a holmium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Ho:YAG) laser in Michigan State University (MSU) classification 3AB herniated discs on VAS and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, ELND and PLDD procedures performed between January 2016 and December 2017 were examined. Preoperative, postoperative week 2, postoperative month 2, and postoperative month 6 ODI and VAS scores were obtained from patient files, and postoperative month 12 ODI and VAS scores were obtained from face‐to‐face interviews with patients and recorded.ResultsThe data of 41 patients treated with simultaneous ELND and PLDD using a Ho:YAG laser were included in this study. Postoperative VAS scores of the patients were compared with preoperative values, and it was found that postoperative week 2, postoperative month 2, postoperative month 6, and postoperative month 12 VAS and ODI scores were significantly different compared to preoperative scores (P = 0.001;P < 0.01). 17.1% (n = 7) of the patients had a history of postoperative open surgery. Although dural puncture occurred in 7 patients (17%), only 1 patient had headache.ConclusionWe believe that the new combined technique of ELND and PLDD using a Ho:YAG laser is a reliable method in patients with MSU classification 3AB herniated discs, with an acceptable success rate and a low complication rate within 12 months after treatment. We think that randomized controlled studies are required for this method to be included in treatment algorithms.
Generation and analysis of novel Reln‐deleted mouse model corresponding to exonic Reln deletion in schizophrenia
Authors: Sawahata Masahito , Mori Daisuke , Arioka Yuko , Kubo Hisako , Kushima Itaru , Kitagawa Kanako , Sobue Akira , Shishido Emiko , Sekiguchi Mariko , Kodama Akiko , Ikeda Ryosuke , Aleksic Branko , Kimura Hiroki , Ishizuka Kanako , Nagai Taku , Kaibuchi Kozo , Nabeshima Toshitaka , Yamada Kiyofumi , Ozaki Norio 
Published: February 2020

AimA Japanese individual with schizophrenia harboring a novel exonic deletion in RELN was recently identified by genome‐wide copy‐number variation analysis. Thus, the present study aimed to generate and analyze a model mouse to clarify whether Reln deficiency is associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.MethodsA mouse line with a novel RELN exonic deletion (Reln‐del) was established using the CRISPR/Cas9 method to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. Subsequently, general behavioral tests and histopathological examinations of the model mice were conducted and phenotypic analysis of the cerebellar granule cell migration was performed.ResultsThe phenotype of homozygous Reln‐del mice was similar to that of reeler mice with cerebellar atrophy, dysplasia of the cerebral layers, and abrogated protein levels of cerebral reelin. The expression of reelin in heterozygous Reln‐del mice was approximately half of that in wild‐type mice. Conversely, behavioral analyses in heterozygous Reln‐del mice without cerebellar atrophy or dysplasia showed abnormal social novelty in the three‐chamber social interaction test. In vitro reaggregation formation and neuronal migration were severely altered in the cerebellar cultures of homozygous Reln‐del mice.ConclusionThe present results in novel Reln‐del mice modeled after our patient with a novel exonic deletion in RELN are expected to contribute to the development of reelin‐based therapies for schizophrenia.
The science behind wet wipes for infant skin: Ingredient review, safety, and efficacy
Authors: Rodriguez Karien J. , Cunningham Corey , Foxenberg Robert , Hoffman Douglas , Vongsa Rebecca 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the diapered area, the continuous exposure to excess moisture and irritants from urine and feces weakens the stratum corneum, making the skin more susceptible to irritation. The use of wet wipes for infants (baby wipes) is a common practice to clean skin after urine or a bowel movement, and this practice even extends to cleaning the hands and face, resulting in repeated daily use. Therefore, ensuring that baby wipes contain ingredients that are safe and mild on skin is important to help minimize skin irritation and discomfort. While disposable baby wipes have been shown to be effective and gentle at cleaning infant skin, even the skin of premature infants, there is growing public concern regarding their safety and tolerability. Not all products are made the same, as differences exist in manufacturing processes, ingredients, materials, safety, and quality testing. Therefore, it is important that healthcare professionals have accessible evidenced‐based information on the safety and tolerability of common ingredients found in baby wipes to optimally educate their patients and families. Herein, we provide a review on best practices for ingredient selection, safety, and efficacy of baby wipes.
Relationship among independence of daily living, human relationships, and preparation for bereavement among healthy elderly Japanese people
Authors: Fukutake Mayumi , Shimamura Misako , Namba Mineko , Ogino Tetsuya 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundGiven Japan's rapidly ageing society, an increasing number of elderly people live in their communities with mutual support after the death of their spouse. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship among independence of daily living, human relationships, and preparation for bereavement.MethodsAn anonymous, self‐administered questionnaire was given to 864 community‐dwelling elderly people aged 65 and older who attended an Elderly Citizens' Welfare Study Group. A total of 404 responses (effective response ratio: 46.8%) were analyzed. Their mean ± SD age was 75.6 ± 5.1 years. The purpose of the questionnaire was to obtain demographic information as well as information about three scales: independence of daily living, human relationships, and preparation for bereavement. The factor structure of the scales was studied by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Structural equation modelling was used to investigate the relationship among independence of daily living, human relationships, and preparation for bereavement. This study's protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Okayama Prefectural University.ResultsFactor analysis indicated a three‐factor second‐order factor model for independence of daily living and human relationships and a one‐factor model for preparation for bereavement. Structural equation modelling showed that independence of daily living was significantly correlated with human relationships (r = 0.261, P < 0.001), and human relationships was significantly correlated with preparation for bereavement (r = 0.295, P < 0.001). There was no significant direct correlation between the independence of daily living and preparation for bereavement.ConclusionsEncouraging elderly people to form good human relationships may help their preparation for bereavement. Further studies are required to determine whether this actually attenuates difficulties after bereavement.