bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Suppliers’ Adoption of Voluntary Labour Codes/Certifications on Job Quality in Global Supply Chains: The Sri Lankan Case of Garments without Guilt
Authors: Jayasinghe Mevan , (Chip) Hunter Larry W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCodes of conduct and certifications on labour standards are designed to distinguish export manufacturing suppliers offering higher quality jobs from those offering poor quality jobs. However, previous research suggests that such codes/certifications have a limited impact on job quality. These studies do not differentiate between ‘compliance‐based codes of conduct’ that retailers enforce on suppliers and ‘voluntary labour codes/certifications’ that suppliers adopt at their discretion. We examine the relationship between suppliers’ adoption of the Garments without Guilt (GwG) voluntary labour code/certification and job quality using fieldwork and longitudinal data on Sri Lankan export apparel suppliers. We find that GwG adoption is associated with higher base pay and safer work, while base pay is lower for GwG adopters that are simultaneously subject to retailers’ enforcement of compliance‐based codes.
Prenatal diagnosis of fetal aortopulmonary window by two‐ and four‐dimensional echocardiography with spatiotemporal image correlation
Authors: Tang Huiyu , Wang Yu , Sun Xue , Zhang Ying 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAortopulmonary window (APW) is a rare congenital heart disease which challenges most screening sonographers. The current study aims to summarize the two‐dimensional (2D) and four‐dimensional (4D) sonographic features in the fetal diagnosis.MethodsTen cases of fetal APW were retrospectively reviewed, including 6 and 4 fetuses with distal and proximal defects, respectively. In addition, 40 normal fetuses with similar gestational age were also enrolled. The angle (α) between the pulmonary artery and aorta, and the length (D) of the ductus/pulmonary artery before its convergence with aorta were measured and compared between the normal and APW fetuses, respectively. Cardiac volumes of APW fetuses were acquired with spatial temporal image correlation (STIC) technique and post‐analyzed to obtain 4D rendered images.ResultsThe D and the α were smaller and greater in distal APW fetuses than those in the normal fetuses, respectively (both P < .01), while no difference presented between the proximal APW fetuses and the normal fetuses. The ductus was absent for all distal APW fetuses, while it was normal for proximal APW fetuses. In 9 of 10 fetuses (90%), the 4D rendered image could be successfully obtained, which clearly showed the abnormal blood communication between the two great arteries in space.ConclusionIt is essential to scan around the three‐vessel view and three‐vessel trachea view to identify fetal APW using grayscale and color Doppler echocardiography. Distal APW is always with an increasing angulation between aorta and the pulmonary artery, and without the presence of normal ductus. 4D STIC technique may provide additional spatial relationships of the great arteries and thus help the diagnosis and consultation.
Interactive climate factors restrict future increases in spring productivity of temperate and boreal trees
Authors: Zohner Constantin M. , Mo Lidong , Pugh Thomas A. M. , Bastin Jean‐Francois , Crowther Thomas W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractClimate warming is currently advancing spring leaf‐out of temperate and boreal trees, enhancing net primary productivity (NPP) of forests. However, it remains unclear whether this trend will continue, preventing for accurate projections of ecosystem functioning and climate feedbacks. Several ecophysiological mechanisms have been proposed to regulate the timing of leaf emergence in response to changing environmental cues, but the relative importance of those mechanisms remains unclear. Here, we use 727,401 direct phenological observations of common European forest trees to examine the dominant controls on leaf‐out. Using the emerging mechanisms, we forecast future trajectories of spring arrival and evaluate the consequences for forest carbon dynamics. By representing hypothesized relationships with autumn temperature, winter chilling, and the timing of spring onset, we accurately predicted reductions in the advance of leaf‐out. There was a strong consensus between our empirical model and existing process‐based models, revealing that the advance in leaf‐out will not exceed 2 weeks over the rest of the century. We further estimate that, under a ‘business‐as‐usual’ climate scenario, earlier spring arrival will enhance NPP of temperate and boreal forests by ~0.2 Gt per year at the end of the century. In contrast, previous estimates based on a simple degree‐day model range around 0.8 Gt. As such, the expected NPP is drastically reduced in our updated model relative to previous estimates—by a total of ~25 Gt over the rest of the century. These findings reveal important environmental constraints on the productivity of broad‐leaved deciduous trees and highlight that shifting spring phenology is unlikely to slow the rate of warming by offsetting anthropogenic carbon emissions.
Dermatological manifestations of Epstein‐Barr virus systemic infection: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ciccarese Giulia , Trave Ilaria , Herzum Astrid , Parodi Aurora , Drago Francesco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus spread in childhood by contact with saliva. In all populations, the great majority of people are infected by middle age. EBV can cause asymptomatic infection, nonspecific symptoms or, especially in adolescents and young adults, the infectious mononucleosis (IM), characterized by pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, fatigue, and fever. Two main types of skin rashes, accounted as atypical exanthems, occur in patients with acute IM: a faint erythematous maculopapular eruption of 24–48 hours duration (5–15% of the patients) or a pruritic maculopapular rash in almost all patients receiving ampicillin or amoxicillin. Moreover EBV acute infection has been related to other cutaneous manifestations, such as Gianotti‐Crosti syndrome, unilateral laterothoracic exanthem (especially in children), and others. In this study, we reported a case of atypical exanthem with an erythematous‐papulovesicular pattern in a 22‐year‐old female patient with IM and performed a review of the literature of the cutaneous and mucosal eruptions occurring during EBV acute infections.
The southernmost record and an update of the geographical range of the Atlantic chupare, Styracura schmardae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes)
Authors: Sales Manuela Alves Nobre , Freitas João Eduardo Pereira de , Cavalcante Carlos Costa , Santander‐Neto Jones , Charvet Patricia , Faria Vicente Vieira 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present study established the southernmost distribution range for the Chupare stingray Styracura schmardae based on a specimen caught on the easternmost portion of Ceará State, northeastern Brazil. Identification was based on diagnostic morphological characters and molecular data (sequence of the mitochondrial DNA gene nd2; 1046 bp). This record expands the known distribution range for this species by more than 1200 km and confirms that S. schmardae is distributed in more than one biogeographical province.Significance statementThere are few records of the Atlantic Chupare stingray for Brazil and most of them are associated with the Amazon River mouth. New records indicate that this species is also present in the South Atlantic portion of the Brazilian coast. Apparently having a low abundance throughout its range, these new records increase the range of occurrence of this species.
The potential for natural flood management to maintain free discharge at urban drainage outfalls
Authors: Ferguson Charlie R. , Fenner Richard A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study examines whether catchment‐scale natural flood management (NFM) interventions could help to manage water levels in downstream urban watercourses and promote free discharge from surface drainage outfalls. A coupled modelling approach consisting of Dynamic TOPMODEL, HEC‐RAS, and Infoworks ICM models is used to characterise the response from a small Cambridgeshire catchment. Four different NFM scenarios (consisting of in‐channel woody debris and wider catchment afforestation) are defined. The attenuation of catchment response created by these measures is evaluated for an historic event and six different design storms. The consequent moderation of water depths at two downstream drainage outfalls is investigated with respect to maintaining free discharge from a surface drainage system. The case study results show that greatest reductions in the time of outfall inundation from NFM occur during frequent storm events (e.g., up to 5.75 hr during a 5‐year event). These reductions diminish with increasing storm severity but, by slightly desynchronising rural and urban responses, upstream interventions continue to have modest benefit for downstream drainage performance (e.g., preventing system capacity being exceeded during a 100‐year event). These results may interest water companies (increasingly involved in catchment‐scale NFM projects) looking to improve performance of surface water drainage.
Paradoxical bulging of mentalis after botulinum toxin type A injection
Authors: Yu Nanze , Liu Yutong , Chen Cheng , Dong Ruijia , Yang Elan , Wang Xiaojun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundBotulinum toxin type A (BTA) injection is a widely‐used procedure to correct cosmetic problems caused by muscular hyperactivity. “Cobblestone chin” refers to the appearance of remarkable chin creases caused by mentalis contraction.AimsThe aim of this case report is to raise the awareness of paradoxical bulging after BTA injection in mentalis.Patient/MethodsA 26‐year‐old female asked for cosmetic correction of the “cobblestone chin”. BTA injection was performed routinely to the mentalis muscle. However, on the second day after injection, an unusual paradoxical bulging at chin was presented.ResultsWe speculated that the imbalanced relaxation of mentalis caused by improper injection and uneven diffusion of BTA is responsible for the bulging. After a supplementary injection of BTA in the remaining hyperactive muscle fibers based on the ultrasound examination, the bulging was relieved and chin contour improved significantly.ConclusionInjection of BTA in mentalis should cover the whole thickness of the muscle to prevent imbalanced paralysis and paradoxical chin bulging, especially in severe mentalis hyperactivity cases.
Risk relevance of psychometric assessment and evaluator ratings of dynamic risk factors in high‐risk violent offenders
Authors: Higgs Tamsin , Olver Mark E. , Nunes Kevin , Cortoni Franca 
Published: April 2020

PurposeRelatively little research has been conducted with high‐risk violent (non‐sexual) offenders to establish whether measures administered to evaluate change during offending behaviour programmes contain risk relevant information. The present study aims to contribute to the evidence base relevant to decisions concerning whether or not psychometric assessments indicate how the violence risk presented by an individual may be understood differently pre‐ to post‐treatment.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty‐seven persistently violent offenders participating in Correctional Service of Canada’s Violence Prevention Program were assessed on measures of anger, impulsivity, and dynamic items of the Violence Risk Scale (VRS; Wong & Gordon, 1999–2003; Violence Risk Scale, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, CA) prior to and after programme completion and subsequently followed up in the community for an average of 3 years. Data were examined using receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses employing fixed follow‐ups.ResultsWith pre‐treatment status controlled, change on few of the measures convincingly predicted violent or general recidivism. An exception was that changes in VRS dynamic score were associated with decreased general (but not violent) recidivism, controlling for baseline pre‐treatment risk.ConclusionsThe measures tested are widely used to evaluate progress in violence interventions yet the implicit assumption that they contain risk relevant information has not been empirically validated. Since reduction in dynamic risk factors translates into reduced likelihood of reoffending, but psychometric measures provide little indication of change in recidivism risk, treatment providers are advised to carefully contextualize pre‐ to post‐treatment change within a comprehensive evaluation of static and dynamic risk using a measure such as the VRS. Present results are discussed further in terms of implications for policy and clinical practice, as well as future research directions.
Local Evolutionary Debunking Arguments
Authors: Cosker‐Rowland Rach 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEvolutionary debunking arguments in ethics aim to use facts about the evolutionary causes of ethical beliefs to undermine their justification. Global Evolutionary Debunking Arguments (GDAs) are arguments made in metaethics that aim to undermine the justification of all ethical beliefs. Local Evolutionary Debunking Arguments (LDAs) are arguments made in first‐order normative ethics that aim to undermine the justification of only some of our ethical beliefs. Guy Kahane, Regina Rini, Folke Tersman, and Katia Vavova argue for skepticism about the possibility of LDAs. They argue that LDAs cannot be successful because they over‐extend in a way that makes them self‐undermining and yield a form of moral skepticism. In this paper I argue that this skepticism about the possibility of LDAs is misplaced.
Intrasinus bolstering of traumatic maxillary sinus fractures by using Foley catheter balloons in two foals
Authors: Gardner Alison K. , Santschi Elizabeth M. , Mudge Margaret C. , Belknap James K. , Metzler Anne G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the repair of unstable facial fractures by using Foley catheter balloons as intrasinus bolsters.Study designCase reportAnimalsTwo weanling foals with unilateral fractures of the sinus and orbit secondary to kick injuries. Preoperative imaging that included positive contrast dacrocystorhinography and computed tomography confirmed severe comminution of facial fractures and nasolacrimal duct disruption in both foals.MethodsSmall bone fragments were surgically removed, and large fragments were retained even when denuded of periosteum. Repair procedures included nasolacrimal canaliculosinusotomy and suturing fracture fragments together with polydioxanone sutures. After fixation, the fracture fragments could be depressed into the sinus with manual pressure, so two intrasinus Foley catheters were placed to bolster the sinus wall, with the tubing exiting through a frontal sinus trephine. The skin was completely closed over the fractures. Catheters and nasolacrimal stenting were maintained in place during fracture healing.ResultsOne foal prematurely dislodged catheters and nasolacrimal stent 11 days after fixation. The catheters and stenting were removed as planned 4 weeks after surgery in the second foal. Wound, fracture healing, and overall cosmesis was good in both foals, and epiphora resolved. Surgical site infection, sinusitis, and sequestration did not occur. Both foals became high‐level performance horses with acceptable cosmetic outcome and good bilateral nasal airflow.ConclusionFoley catheter balloons supported sinus fracture repair and maintained stability of the surgical reconstruction during convalescence.Clinical significanceSuture repair of comminuted sinus fractures can be supported by using Foley catheters, which are readily available.
Epidemiological study of Giardia duodenalis infection in companion dogs from the metropolitan area of São Paulo Brazil
Authors: Chiebao Daniela Pontes , Martins Camila Marinelli , Pena Hilda Fatima de Jesus , Gabriel Fábio Henrique de Lima , Turazza Juliana , Soares Herbert , Merlo Alexandre 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGiardia duodenalis is a zoonotic pathogen associated with gastrointestinal disease that has a direct life cycle, with cysts eliminated in the faeces of an infected host being ingested by a susceptible host. In Brazil, studies of chronically infected adult dogs estimated a prevalence of 10%–20%. Diagnosis of giardiasis, as a cause of diarrhoea is important for the global One‐Health guidelines when controlling cyst dissemination in the environment. We investigated the prevalence of G. duodenalis in the pet dog population of the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, compared the efficacy of direct tests available to the veterinary clinical practice and attempted to identify possible risk factors associated with the parasite. Ten veterinary practices distributed throughout the municipality randomly performed the rapid SNAP ELISA test on canine faecal samples, and dog owners provided information specific to the animal via a questionnaire. The samples were also analysed using sucrose and zinc sulphate flotation techniques. Sensitivity and specificity of the tests were used to calculate required number of samples and true prevalence. Significance, agreement among tests, and odds ratio (OR) were assessed with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. The prevalence of G. duodenalis in dogs (n = 265) was 6.9% (CI 3.47–11.21). Positive tests were significantly more frequent in animals younger than 1 year, with an OR for G. duodenalis occurrence nearly 7‐fold that of older dogs. Direct diagnosis tests showed high agreement (96.1%, κ = 0.729; p < .0001) showing that the combined techniques provide a highly accurate diagnosis. Results indicated that the control of the pathogen has been improving in the pet dog population in metropolitan Sao Paulo, but management tools including diagnosis, immunization, and treatment, especially in puppies, must be continued in order to advance towards continuous decrease of the disease.
The effect of lifelong endurance exercise on cardiovascular structure and exercise function in women
Authors: Carrick‐Ranson Graeme , Sloane Nikita M. , Howden Erin J. , Bhella Paul S. , Sarma Satyam , Shibata Shigeki , Fujimoto Naoki , Hastings Jeffrey L. , Levine Benjamin D. 
Published: April 2020

Key points
The beneficial effects of sustained or lifelong (>25 years) endurance exercise on cardiovascular structure and exercise function have been largely established in men.
The current findings indicate that committed (≥4 weekly exercise sessions) lifelong exercise results in substantial benefits in exercise capacity (), cardiovascular function at submaximal and maximal exercise, left ventricular mass and compliance, and blood volume compared to similarly aged or even younger (middle‐age) untrained women.
Endurance exercise training should be considered a key strategy to prevent cardiovascular disease with ageing in women as well as men.
AbstractThis study was a retrospective, cross‐sectional analysis of exercise performance and left ventricular (LV) morphology in 70 women to examine whether women who have performed regular, lifelong endurance exercise acquire the same beneficial adaptations in cardiovascular structure and function and exercise performance that have been reported previously in men. Three groups of women were examined: (1) 35 older (>60 years) untrained women (older untrained, OU), (2) 13 older women who had consistently performed four or more endurance exercise sessions weekly for at least 25 years (older trained, OT), and (3) 22 middle‐aged (range 35–59 years) untrained women (middle‐aged untrained, MU) as a reference control for the appropriate age‐related changes. Oxygen uptake () and cardiovascular function (cardiac output (); stroke volume (SV) acetylene rebreathing) were examined at rest, steady‐state submaximal exercise and maximal exercise (maximal oxygen uptake, ). Blood volume (CO rebreathing) and LV mass (cardiac magnetic resonance imaging), plus invasive measures of static and dynamic chamber compliance were also examined. (p < 0.001) and maximal exercise and SV were larger in older trained women compared to the two untrained groups (∼17% and ∼27% for and SV, respectively, versus MU; ∼40% and ∼38% versus OU, all p < 0.001). Blood volume (mL kg−1) and LV mass index (g m−2) were larger in OT versus OU (∼11% and ∼16%, respectively, both P ≤ 0.015) Static LV chamber compliance was greater in OT compared to both untrained groups (median (25–75%): MU: 0.065 (0.049–0.080); OU: 0.085 (0.061–0.138); OT: 0.047 (0.031–0.054), P ≤ 0.053). Collectively, these findings indicate that lifetime endurance exercise appears to be extremely effective at preserving or even enhancing cardiovascular structure and function with advanced age in women.
Increased skin wetness independently augments cool‐seeking behaviour during passive heat stress
Authors: Vargas Nicole T. , Chapman Christopher L. , Ji Wenjie , Johnson Blair D. , Gathercole Rob , Schlader Zachary J. 
Published: April 2020

Key points
Skin wetness occurring secondary to the build‐up of sweat on the skin provokes thermal discomfort, the precursor to engaging in cool‐seeking behaviour.
Associative evidence indicates that skin wetness stimulates cool‐seeking behaviour to a greater extent than increases in core and mean skin temperatures.
The independent contribution of skin wetness to cool‐seeking behaviour during heat stress has never been established.
We demonstrate that skin wetness augments cool‐seeking behaviour during passive heat stress independently of differential increases in skin temperature and core temperature.
We also identify that perceptions of skin wetness were not elevated despite increases in actual skin wetness.
These data support the proposition that afferent signalling from skin wetness enhances the desire to engage in cool‐seeking behaviour during passive heat stress.
AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that elevations in skin wetness augments cool‐seeking behaviour during passive heat stress. Twelve subjects (6 females, age: 24 ± 2 y) donned a water‐perfused suit circulating 34 °C water and completed two trials resting supine in a 28.5 ± 0.4 °C environment. The trials involved a 20 min baseline period (26 ± 3% relative humidity (RH)), 60 min while ambient humidity was maintained at 26±3% RH (LOW) or increased to 67 ± 5% RH (HIGH), followed by 60 min passive heat stress (HS) where the water temperature in the suit was incrementally increased to 50 °C. Subjects were able to seek cooling when their neck was thermally uncomfortable by pressing a button. Each button press initiated 30 s of −20 °C fluid perfusing through a custom‐made device secured against the skin on the dorsal neck. Mean skin (Tskin) and core (Tcore) temperatures, mean skin wetness (Wskin) and neck device temperature (Tdevice) were measured continuously. Cool‐seeking behaviour was determined from total time receiving cooling (TTcool) and cumulative button presses. Tskin and Tcore increased during HS (P < 0.01) but were not different between conditions (P ≥ 0.11). Wskin was elevated in HIGH vs. LOW during HS (60 min: by + 0.06 ± 0.07 a.u., P ≤ 0.04). Tdevice was lower in HIGH vs. LOW at 40–50 min of HS (P ≤ 0.01). TTcool was greater for HIGH (330 ± 172 s) vs. LOW (225 ± 167 s, P < 0.01), while the number of cumulative button presses was greater from 40–60 min in HS for HIGH vs. LOW (P ≤ 0.04). Increased skin wetness amplifies the engagement in cool‐seeking behaviour during passive heat stress.