bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implication of sestrin3 in epilepsy and its comorbidities
Authors: Lovisari Francesca , Roncon Paolo , Soukoupova Marie , Paolone Giovanna , Labasque Marilyne , Ingusci Selene , Falcicchia Chiara , Marino Pietro , Johnson Michael , Rossetti Tiziana , Petretto Enrico , Leclercq Karine , Kaminski Rafal M , Moyon Ben , Webster Zoe , Simonato Michele , Zucchini Silvia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Epilepsy is a serious neurological disorder affecting about 1% of the population worldwide. Epilepsy may arise as a result of acquired brain injury, or as a consequence of genetic predisposition. To date, genome-wide association studies and exome sequencing approaches have provided limited insights into the mechanisms of acquired brain injury. We have previously reported a pro-epileptic gene network, which is conserved across species, encoding inflammatory processes and positively regulated by sestrin3 (SESN3). In this study, we investigated the phenotype of SESN3 knock-out rats in terms of susceptibility to seizures and observed a significant delay in status epilepticus onset in SESN3 knock-out compared to control rats. This finding confirms previous in vitro and in vivo evidence indicating that SESN3 may favour occurrence and/or severity of seizures. We also analysed the phenotype of SESN3 knock-out rats for common comorbidities of epilepsy, i.e., anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment. SESN3 knock-out rats proved less anxious compared to control rats in a selection of behavioural tests. Taken together, the present results suggest that SESN3 may regulate mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and its comorbidities.
Research note: Occurrence ofmcr-encoded colistin resistance inEscherichia colifrom pigs and pig farm workers in Vietnam
Authors: Dang Son Thi Thanh , Truong Duong Thi Quy , Olsen John Elmerdahl , Tran Nhat Thi , Truong Giang Thi Huong , Vu Hue Thi Kim , Dalsgaard Anders 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTWHO considers colistin as a highest priority critically important drug for human health, and occurrence of colistin-resistant bacteria in livestock is of health concern. The current study determined occurrence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in pigs and workers at pig farms in Vietnam, and investigated the genetic background for resistance. Colistin-resistant E. coli were detected from pigs in 53/116 (45.7%) farms, and from workers taking care of the pigs in 21/94 (22.3%) farms. Colistin-resistant isolates showed MIC to colistin between 4–16 mg/L, they were multidrug resistant (99%) and resistance was caused by the presence of mcr-1 genes in 97/102 (95.1%) E. coli from pigs and in 31/34 (91.1%) isolates from humans. mcr-1 is considered a plasmid-encoded gene, but this was not confirmed in the current investigation. In total, one pig isolate carried both mcr-1 and mcr-3 genes, whereas mcr-2, mcr-4 and mcr-5 genes were not detected. Shared resistance profiles between pig and human isolates on the same farm was only observed in four farms. The study showed that commensal E. coli from pigs in Vietnam constitute a reservoir for colistin-resitant E. coli, however, further studies are needed to confirm that mcr genes are associated with plasmids and their importance for human health.
Gene-set Enrichment with Mathematical Biology (GEMB)
Authors: Cochran Amy L , Nieser Kenneth J , Forger Daniel B , Zöllner Sebastian , McInnis Melvin G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Gene-set analyses measure the association between a disease of interest and a “set" of genes related to a biological pathway. These analyses often incorporate gene network properties to account for differential contributions of each gene. We extend this concept further—defining gene contributions based on biophysical properties—by leveraging mathematical models of biology to predict the effects of genetic perturbations on a particular downstream function.

Results
We present a method that combines gene weights from model predictions and gene ranks from genome-wide association studies into a weighted gene-set test. We demonstrate in simulation how such a method can improve statistical power. To this effect, we identify a gene set, weighted by model-predicted contributions to intracellular calcium ion concentration, that is significantly related to bipolar disorder in a small dataset (P = 0.04; n = 544). We reproduce this finding using publicly available summary data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (P = 1.7 × 10−4; n = 41,653). By contrast, an approach using a general calcium signaling pathway did not detect a significant association with bipolar disorder (P = 0.08). The weighted gene-set approach based on intracellular calcium ion concentration did not detect a significant relationship with schizophrenia (P = 0.09; n = 65,967) or major depression disorder (P = 0.30; n = 500,199).

Conclusions
Together, these findings show how incorporating math biology into gene-set analyses might help to identify biological functions that underlie certain polygenic disorders.
Exact closed-form solutions for Lamb’s problem—III: the case for buried source and receiver
Authors: Feng Xi , Zhang Haiming 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYIn this paper, we derive the exact closed-form solution for the displacement in the interior of an elastic half-space due to a buried point force with Heaviside step function time history. It is referred to as the tensor Green’s function for the elastic wave equation in a uniform half-space, also a natural generalization of the classical 3-D Lamb’s problem, for which previous solutions have been restricted to the cases of either the source or the receiver or both are located on the free surface. Starting from the complex integral solutions of Johnson, we follow the similar procedures presented by Feng and Zhang to obtain the closed-form expressions in terms of elementary functions as well as elliptic integrals. Numerical results obtained from our closed-form expressions agree perfectly with those of Johnson, which validates our explicit formulae conclusively.
Properties of the Null Distance and Spacetime Convergence
Authors: Allen Brian , Burtscher Annegret 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe null distance for Lorentzian manifolds was recently introduced by Sormani and Vega. Under mild assumptions on the time function of the spacetime, the null distance gives rise to an intrinsic, conformally invariant metric that induces the manifold topology. We show when warped products of low regularity and globally hyperbolic spacetimes endowed with the null distance are (local) integral current spaces. This metric and integral current structure sets the stage for investigating convergence analogous to Riemannian geometry. Our main theorem is a general convergence result for warped product spacetimes relating uniform, Gromov–Hausdorff, and Sormani–Wenger intrinsic flat convergence of the corresponding null distances. In addition, we show that nonuniform convergence of warping functions in general leads to distinct limiting behavior, such as limits that disagree.
A bioengineered organotypic prostate model for the study of tumor microenvironment-induced immune cell activation
Authors: Kerr Sheena C , Morgan Molly M , Gillette Amani A , Livingston Megan K , Lugo-Cintron Karina M , Favreau Peter F , Florek Logan , Johnson Brian P , Lang Joshua M , Skala Melissa C , Beebe David J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The prostate tumor microenvironment (TME) is strongly immunosuppressive; it is largely driven by alteration in cell phenotypes (i.e. tumor-associated macrophages and exhausted cytotoxic T cells) that result in pro-tumorigenic conditions and tumor growth. A greater understanding into how these altered immune cell phenotypes are developed and could potentially be reversed would provide important insights into improved treatment efficacy for prostate cancer. Here, we report a microfluidic model of the prostate TME that mimics prostate ducts across various stages of prostate cancer progression, with associated stroma and immune cells. Using this platform, we exposed immune cells to a benign prostate TME or a metastatic prostate TME and investigated their metabolism, gene and cytokine expression. Immune cells exposed to the metastatic TME showed metabolic differences with a higher redox ratio indicating a switch to a more glycolytic metabolic profile. These cells also increased expression of pro-tumor response cytokines that have been shown to increase cell migration and angiogenesis such as Interleukin-1 (IL-1) a and Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Lastly, we observed decreased TLR, STAT signaling and TRAIL expression, suggesting that phenotypes derived from exposure to the metastatic TME could have an impaired anti-tumor response. This platform could provide a valuable tool for studying immune cell phenotypes in in vitro tumor microenvironments.
Higher order and scale-dependent micro-inertia effect on the longitudinal dispersion based on the modified couple stress theory
Authors: Soltani Delara , Akbarzadeh Khorshidi Majid , Sedighi Hamid M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The conventional modified couple stress theory cannot model the correct behavior of the longitudinal dispersion and acts the same as the classical theory in the face of such problems. In this paper, the micro-inertia-based couple stress theory is used to triumph over this deficiency. The developed theory is imposed to tackle the longitudinal dispersion of aluminum beams in two distinct scales. Convenient available experimental data obtained for a macro-scale aluminum rod and aluminum crystals are utilized to determine the corresponding micro-inertia length scale parameters and show the scale-dependent nature of this parameter for the first time. In addition, a higher order micro-rotation relation is employed to describe the higher order micro-inertia effects. This relation leads to a developed equation of motion containing an additional term compared with the first-order relation. The obtained results indicate that only higher order micro-inertia effect that is proposed in this study for the first time is able to capture the highly nonlinear behavior of dispersion curves (including an extremum/inflection point), which has experimentally been observed for phonons propagating in the longitudinal direction in an aluminum crystal.
Induced Hatching of Quiescent Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Eggs by Labile Glutathione-Stabilizable Compounds From Yeast Extract
Authors: Ng Soon Hwee , Zhang Heng , Goh Feng Guang , Ng Lee-Ching , Ji Lianghui , Cai Yu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is the insect vector that transmits several deadly human diseases. Although the egg stage is an important phase of its life cycle, the biology of mosquito egg remains poorly understood. Here, we report our investigations on the chemical factors that induced hatching of Ae. aegypti eggs. Commercial yeast extracts were able to increase egg hatching rate in a dose-dependent manner, with a hatching rate that ranged from approximately 10% with 1 g/liter to 80% with 20 g/liter of yeast extract. Notably, the addition of glutathione, a reducing agent that showed no significant effect on egg hatching by itself, enhanced and stabilized the activity of yeast extract for at least 70 h. Because dissolved oxygen in different treatments was maintained at high levels in a narrow range (92–95%), we proposed that yeast extract contains hatching inducing compound (HIC) which is able to trigger egg hatching independent of dissolved oxygen level. The HIC in yeast extract could prove to be a potential starting point to design an effective tool to forcefully induce mosquito eggs to hatch under unfavorable conditions, functioning as a novel method for vector control.
JASTRO/JCS Guidelines for radiotherapy in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Ohno Toshiki , Soejima Toshinori , Sekiguchi Yukio , Hashimoto Takayuki , Koike Izumi , Matsubara Hiroaki , Nakamura Kazuhiko , Nitta Kazunori , Takahashi Shigeo , Tsujino Kayoko , Wakatsuki Masaru , Yoden Eisaku 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
This publication is an English version of the Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology (JASTRO) and The Japanese Circulation Society official guidelines for patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Several radiotherapy-associated malfunctions have been reported for CIEDs such as pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Accordingly, guidelines for radiotherapy in patients with CIEDs have been issued by other countries and societies. In August 2010, JASTRO published the ‘Radiotherapy Guidelines for Patients with Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators’ (hereafter referred to as the former guidelines). Given new findings in this decade, a multidisciplinary working group of radiation oncologists, medical physicists, radiation therapists and cardiologists jointly reviewed and revised the former guidelines.
Retrograde intussusception post Roux-en-y gastric bypass
Authors: Rockliff Aaron , Loveluck Maree , Yeoh Adrian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A 72-year-old female presented to the emergency department with a short history of abdominal pain and vomiting, having undergone laparoscopic Roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGBP) 3 years earlier. Computed tomography imaging revealed intussusception causing small bowel obstruction, so she was taken emergently to theatre. Intra-operative findings were of a retrograde intussusception at the jejunojejunostomy. Retrograde intussusception in patients post RYGBP has a unique pathophysiology and management.
The medium-size noncoding RNA transcriptome of Ostreococcus tauri, the smallest living eukaryote, reveals a large family of small nucleolar RNAs displaying multiple genomic expression strategies
Authors: Bousquet Laurie , Hemon Claire , Malburet Paul , Bucchini François , Vandepoele Klaas , Grimsley Nigel , Moreau Hervé , Echeverria Manuel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), essential for ribosome biogenesis, constitute a major family of medium-size noncoding RNAs (mncRNAs) in all eukaryotes. We present here, for the first time in a marine unicellular alga, the characterization of the snoRNAs family in Ostreococcus tauri, the smallest photosynthetic eukaryote. Using a transcriptomic approach, we identified 131 O. tauri snoRNAs (Ot–snoRNA) distributed in three classes: the C/D snoRNAs, the H/ACA snoRNAs and the MRP RNA. Their genomic organization revealed a unique combination of both the intronic organization of animals and the polycistronic organization of plants. Remarkably, clustered genes produced Ot–snoRNAs with unusual structures never previously described in plants. Their abundances, based on quantification of reads and northern blots, showed extreme differences in Ot–snoRNA accumulation, mainly determined by their differential stability. Most of these Ot–snoRNAs were predicted to target rRNAs or snRNAs. Seventeen others were orphan Ot–snoRNAs that would not target rRNA. These were specific to O. tauri or Mamiellophyceae and could have functions unrelated to ribosome biogenesis. Overall, these data reveal an ‘evolutionary response’ adapted to the extreme compactness of the O. tauri genome that accommodates the essential Ot–snoRNAs, developing multiple strategies to optimize their coordinated expression with a minimal cost on regulatory circuits.
Law as an Enduring ConceptSpace, Time, and Power
Authors: Griffiths Anne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe concept of law raises questions about how law is constituted, how it is located, and the forms that it takes. This chapter adopts a multispatial perspective towards law, highlighting the diverse ways in which law is contextualized. The enduring power of the Westphalian model of law and sovereignty is foregrounded and contested with reference to forms of legal analysis that are based on social-scientific and empirical studies and that focus on international intervention in war-making, peace-building, and humanitarian aid. Such studies argue for empirically grounded research that goes beyond the state/non-state dichotomy in acknowledging complex relationships in assemblages of global actors. These include international agencies, governments, NGOs, civil society, and the private sector. Such an approach requires a broad understanding of governance that takes account of the multiple spaces of law existing in everyday life. These spaces, however, are subject to the temporal power of global outreach that is instantiated in transnational projects, such as the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. The chapter explores how the outsourcing of governance from states, through the worldwide use of audits and other measures, reflects a linear model of time and space that affects the way in which countries are assessed as ‘developed’ or ‘developing’, with all the consequences that ensue. The chapter argues for dismantling the legal myth of a single global vision in favour of an approach to law that captures the reality of what is occurring on the ground, making visible the inequalities that arise from marginalization and from hierarchies of privilege and control.
COVID-19 and rheumatic musculoskeletal disease patients: infection rates, attitudes and medication adherence in an Irish population
Authors: Murray Kieran , Quinn Sean , Turk Matthew , O’Rourke Anna , Molloy Eamonn , O’Neill Lorraine , Mongey Ann Barbara , Fearon Ursula , Veale Douglas J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To establish, amongst Irish rheumatic musculoskeletal disease (RMD) patients, rates of COVID-19 symptoms and positive tests, DMARD adherence and attitudes to virtual clinics.

Methods
An online survey assessing COVID-19 status, RMD diagnoses, adherence and information sources was disseminated via the Arthritis Ireland website and social media channels.

Results
There were 1381 respondents with 74.8% on immunosuppressive medication. Symptoms of COVID-19 were reported by 3.7% of respondents of which 0.46% tested positive, consistent with the general Irish population. The frequency of COVID-19 symptoms was higher for respondents with spondyloarthropathy [odds ratio (OR) 2.06, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.70] and lower in those on immunosuppressive medication (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.88), and those compliant with health authority (HSE) guidance (OR 0.47, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.89). Adherence to RMD medications was reported in 84.1%, with 57.1% using health authority guidelines for information on medication use. Importantly, adherence rates were higher amongst those who cited guidelines (89.3% vs 79.9%, P &lt;0.001), and conversely lower in those with COVID-19 symptoms (64.0% vs 85.1%, P =0.009). Finally, the use of virtual clinics was supported by 70.4% of respondents.

Conclusion
The rate of COVID-19 positivity in RMD patients was similar to the general population. COVID-19 symptoms were lower amongst respondents on immunosuppressive medication and those adherent to medication guidelines. Respondents were supportive of HSE advice and virtual clinics.
Increased expression of interleukin-21-inducible genes in minor salivary glands are associated with primary Sjögren’s syndrome disease characteristics
Authors: Chen Xiaomin , Jiang Shan , Zhou Zihao , Xu Xin , Ying Senhong , Du Lifeng , Qiu Kairui , Xu Yesha , Wu Jinyu , Wang Xiaobing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the upregulation of IL-21-inducible genes in minor salivary glands (MSGs) in 28 primary SS (pSS) patients and 12 non-pSS subjects and correlate it with disease characteristics.MethodsRNA sequencing was utilized to compare IL-21-inducible genes expression in the MSGs between pSS and non-pSS subjects. The subgroups were characterized according to the IL-21 score calculated by seven IL-21-inducible genes. Furthermore, the disease characteristics and transcripts implicated in hypoxia and interferon signalling were assessed in two pSS subgroups.ResultsWe observed that the expression of the IL-21-inducible genes (IL-21, IL-21R, JAK3, STAT1, HLA-B, CCR7 and CXCL10), the so-called IL-21 signature genes, was significantly increased in pSS patients. The upregulation of JAK3 expression may be induced by hypomethylation of the JAK3 promoter in pSS patients and putatively associated with POU2F2. The patients with increased IL-21 signature gene expression showed an increased EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index score and increased enrichment of B cells, memory B cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the IL-21 scores in the anti-SSA+, SSB+, ANA+ and high IgG samples were higher than those in the respective antibody-negative samples and normal IgG. In addition, we found both hypoxia and IFN-relevant genes showed strong correlation with IL-21 signature gene expression, indicating their interaction in pSS.ConclusionIL-21 signature gene was associated with typical disease characteristics in pSS, which provides insight into the contribution of the IL-21 signalling pathway to the pathogenesis of the disease and might provide a novel treatment strategy for this subtype of pSS.
Tacit knowledge, localization push, and diffusion of science: Evidence from Singapore
Authors: Hu Albert G Z , Ly Vu Thinh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe propose localization push, as an alternative to tacit knowledge, to explain the localization of knowledge diffusion. Sponsors of scientific research enact policies and create institutions for locally-produced knowledge spillovers. We hypothesize that localization necessitated by tacit knowledge renders the local diffusion of such knowledge more productive than distant commercialization. However, this is not the case when the localization push is the primary reason for the localization. We empirically investigate the hypothesis using data on knowledge diffusion in SingaporeOur main findings are as follows: (1) The diffusion of basic research, measured by journal articles cited in patents, is localized, but this is almost exclusively accounted for by Singaporean public institutions; (2) Local patents citing papers authored by Singaporeans are less significant than foreign patents citing such papers; and (3) Singaporean public patent applicants are more willing to seek multijurisdiction patent protection despite the ineffectiveness of their commercialization efforts.