bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes and knowledge regarding referrals for bariatric surgery among Danish secondary healthcare providers: A national survey
Authors: Elliott Anja F. , B.C. Deepti , Stolberg Charlotte R. , Hepp Nicola , Juhl Anna J. A. , Adhikari Kalyan , Juhl Claus B. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBariatric surgery induces significant and sustained weight loss and subsequently reduces obesity‐related comorbidities. However, only a small percentage of patients with severe obesity undergo bariatric surgery in Denmark. There is limited knowledge about the experiences with and possible reservations to bariatric surgery among secondary healthcare providers. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate referral patterns and knowledge regarding the criteria for bariatric surgery among Danish secondary healthcare providers, treating obesity‐related diseases. A questionnaire regarding experiences with and reservations to referring patients for consideration for bariatric surgery, along with thoughts to specific patient cases were sent to several specialists: endocrinologists, obstetricians and gynaecologists, orthopaedic surgeons and otorhinolaryngologists. Most questions required responses on a 5‐point Likert scale and frequency distributions were calculated. A total of 345 (44%) specialists responded to the questionnaires. Good knowledge of the criteria for referral to bariatric surgery varied among the specialist from 6% to 68%. One of the main issues was a concern about the medical and surgical postoperative complications, which was a barrier to and influenced referral decisions. Furthermore, specialists were more likely to refer patients to bariatric surgery when patients requested this. Except for endocrinologists, the Danish secondary healthcare specialists interviewed have limited knowledge about bariatric surgery, which results in a reluctance in referring patients. Our results indicate that there is a need to improve knowledge among specialists, regarding the indications, criteria and outcomes for bariatric surgery to establish a more pro‐active, specialist led approach to referrals.
Bio‐PUF‐MAC authenticated encryption for iris biometrics
Authors: Narasimhan Sivasankari , Arunachalam Muthukumar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBiometrics is one of the ways for human authentication. Fabrication of biometrics by intruders, limits the accuracy of authentication. The user‐specific keys (ie,) pseudo‐random numbers give more security for biometric template protection and increase the accuracy of authentication also. The user‐specific token or keys can also be fabricated by intruders by any of the prediction methods. To avoid the creation of fake biometric and fake user‐specific keys, a device‐specific Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) is proposed. In this article, iris authentication is provided by unclonable PUF‐based true random numbers to enhance the unique authentication. Nonreversible Message Authentication Codes (MAC) are developed using PUF and Discrete Wavelet Transform features of iris biometrics. Systematically, MAC codes also created with, encryption algorithm. Encryption is additionally providing confidentiality in the individual iris. Experiments are done with CUHK Iris Image Dataset. Proposed Bio‐PUF system has significant functional advantages in point of view of the unclonable pseudo‐random number from PUF. Experimentally, Avalanche effect, entropy, NCPR, and UACI parameters are analyzed with PUF‐based crypt functions. For 75% of matching with the Bio‐PUF‐MAC codes with enrolment, the accuracy for correct identification is 77.73%.
The effects of home noninvasive ventilation on the quality of life and physiological parameters of patients with chronic respiratory failure
Authors: Yüksel Aycan , Çiftçi Fatma , Çiledağ Aydın , Kaya Akın 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionHome noninvasive mechanical ventilation (HNIV) in patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (CHRF) may improve the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and reduce hospitalizations.ObjectiveTo determine the effects of HNIV on HRQoL, sleep quality and hospitalization rates in restrictive thoracic diseases (RTD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with CHRF.MethodsIn this prospective, single center study patients divided into two groups; the COPD and the RTD groups. HRQoL assessed by The Medical Outcome Study 36‐Item Short‐form Health Survey (SF‐36) and Severe Respiratory Insufficiency (SRI); the sleep quality was assessed by Epworth and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaires. The patients were reevaluated first month, third months, sixth months and 1 year following HNIV establishment, during which time, hospitalization rates were recorded.ResultsNinety (COPD n = 50, RTD n = 40) out of 102 eligible patients completed the study. Significant improvements in blood gases and HRQoL were observed in the first month of HNIV establishment and remained stable. Mean ± SD SRI summary scale improved significantly from 30 ± 12 baseline to 65 ± 16 at 1 year in COPD group (P < 0.001) and from 39 ± 13 to 63 ± 18 in RTD group (P < 0.001). HNIV reduced hospitalization rates from a mean of 1.9 ± 1.1 to 0.5 ± 0.9 in COPD group (P < 0.001) and a mean of 1.9 ± 1 to 0.5 ± 0.7 in RTD group (P < 0.001).ConclusionHNIV improves HRQoL, sleep quality and gas exchange and reduces hospitalizations in patients with CHRF regardless of etiology.
Presence and prognostic value of ventricular diastolic function in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sadeghpour Anita , Hosseini Leila , Rezaeian Nahid , Alizadehasl Azin , Maleki Majid , Emkanjoo Zahra , Bakhshandeh Hooman , Zadehbagheri Fatemeh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionLimited data exist regarding the presence and importance of diastolic parameters in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). We sought to evaluate RV diastolic parameters and echo‐based diastolic predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).Method48 patients with a definitive diagnosis of ARVC were included and followed for 6‐18 months. A comprehensive standard two‐dimensional (2D) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with precise evaluation of systolic and diastolic indices of both ventricles was done. RV isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), RV myocardial performance index (MPI), and right atrial (RA) volume were evaluated.Results48 patients (mean age = 38.5 ± 14 years; 79.2% male) were enrolled. 27.3% had grade I, 68.2% had grade II, and 4.5% had grade III RV diastolic dysfunction. In 12‐month follow‐up, 12 patients (25%, with mean RV3DEF = 24.8 ± 9%) experienced MACE and required hospitalization: ventricular tachyarrhythmia in 7 patients (14.6%), RV clot in 2 subjects (4.2%), and right‐sided failure in 3 cases (6.3%). In logistic regression analysis, tissue Doppler velocity of tricuspid annulus (e' TV) (P = .02, OR = 0.581, CI = 0.368‐0.917), peak E mitral valve (P = .043, OR = 0.95, CI = 0.913‐0.999), tissue Doppler velocity of septal e' (P = .052, OR = 0.733, CI = 0.536‐1.003), and MPI (P = .009, OR = 95, CI = 3.083‐2942) were powerful predictors of MACE.ConclusionIn our study, RV diastolic function parameters including e' TV and e′ MV, RA volume and area, and RV MPI were powerful predictors of MACE and may be considered during the baseline and follow‐up of the ARVC patients.
Political credit cycles
Authors: Kern Andreas , Amri Puspa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper tests the existence of political credit cycles, the positive comovement between credit and elections. While several single‐country studies point to the existence of this relationship, the link between electoral cycles and credit expansion has seen little exploration at the multicountry level. Using a comprehensive dataset covering bank and non‐bank credit in 165 countries from 1960 to 2013, we show that both government and private credit significantly increase in election years. This finding suggests the possibility that politicians use not only fiscal and monetary policy to court voters, but also implement credit policies such as interest rate subsidies and tax breaks for debt to enhance credit growth. We also find that a higher degree of financial openness weakens the frequency and magnitude of political credit cycles; yet, the conditional effect of financial openness is stronger for developing countries than developed economies.
International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 2. Avulsion of permanent teeth
Authors: Fouad Ashraf F. , Abbott Paul V. , Tsilingaridis Georgios , Cohenca Nestor , Lauridsen Eva , Bourguignon Cecilia , O'Connell Anne , Flores Marie Therese , Day Peter F. , Hicks Lamar , Andreasen Jens Ove , Cehreli Zafer C. , Harlamb Stephen , Kahler Bill , Oginni Adeleke , Semper Marc , Levin Liran 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAvulsion of permanent teeth is one of the most serious dental injuries. Prompt and correct emergency management is essential for attaining the best outcome after this injury. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed these Guidelines as a consensus statement after a comprehensive review of the dental literature and working group discussions. It represents the current best evidence and practice based on that literature search and expert opinions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialties and the general dentistry community were included in the working group. In cases where the published data did not appear conclusive, recommendations were based on consensus opinions or majority decisions of the working group. They were then reviewed and approved by the members of the IADT Board of Directors.The purpose of these Guidelines is to provide clinicians with the most widely accepted and scientifically plausible approaches for the immediate or urgent care of avulsed permanent teeth.The IADT does not, and cannot, guarantee favorable outcomes from adherence to the Guidelines. However, the IADT believes that their application can maximize the probability of favorable outcomes.
Male morphology, performance and female mate choice of a swarming insect
Authors: Akutsu Takamichi , Morse Douglass H. 
Published: May 2020

Females of many species select mates based on important morphological and performance traits. This behaviour likely facilitates reproductive success thus exhibiting sexual selection. Most such studies have evaluated a single morphological variable, and only a minority of them studies the effects of behaviour and performance (functional capacity: Irschick et al., Evolutionary Ecology Research, 10, 177–196, 2008) at all.
This study compares male morphological and performance traits differing in three variables that may correlate with fitness: condition index, flight ascent speed and resistance to torpor in relation to male mating success in the parasitoid wasp species Alabagrus texanus (Braconidae), a species where males swarm about emerging virgin females that display both choosy and non‐choosy behavioural phenotypes.
Males that successfully mated with choosy females exhibited higher condition indices and somewhat stronger resistance to torpor than other males. Conversely, males that mated with non‐choosy females did not differ in any trait from other males we measured. Early‐arriving males did not have higher condition indices or greater mating success than other males.
Thus, both morphological and performance traits contributed to male success, which acted through female choice, indicating a role for sexual selection. Patterns of choice further differed among females, independent of male traits.
Association between cholesterol levels and infections after ischemic stroke
Authors: Mazzacane F. , Leuci E. , Persico A. , Micieli G. , Candeloro E. , Cavallini A. , Morotti A. 
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeMultiple studies have suggested an immunomodulatory role of cholesterol. We investigated whether cholesterol levels are associated with the risk of infectious complications (ICs) in acute ischemic stroke patients.MethodsA single‐center prospective cohort was analyzed. Total (TOTc), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were measured within 24 h from admission. The outcome of interest was the occurrence of any IC (pneumonia, urinary tract infection, sepsis, other infection) during hospitalization. Predictors of ICs were investigated with multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA total of 603 patients were included (median age 78 years, 49.3% males), of whom 134 (22.2%) developed an IC. Subjects with ICs had lower TOTc compared with patients without ICs (median 157 vs. 173 mg/dL; P < 0.001). When TOTc was stratified in quartiles, we observed a linear decrease in the prevalence of ICs with higher TOTc levels (Q1, <144 mg/dL, 32.7%; Q2, 145–168 mg/dL, 24.7%; Q3, 169–197 mg/dL, 17.8%; Q4, >197 mg/dL, 13.3% P < 0.001). The inverse relationship between TOTc and ICs remained significant after adjustment for confounders in logistic regression [odds ratio (OR) for 10 mg/dL increase, 0.92; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.87–0.97; P = 0.001]. This association was also confirmed for low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88–0.99; P = 0.013) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73–0.98; P = 0.026) and was not mediated by statin treatment.ConclusionHigher cholesterol levels are independently associated with lower risk of ICs in ischemic stroke patients. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and characterize the biological mechanisms underlying this association.
Carbon flow through energycane agroecosystems established post‐intensive agriculture
Authors: Crow Susan E. , Wells Jon M. , Sierra Carlos A. , Youkhana Adel H. , Ogoshi Richard M. , Richardson Daniel , Tallamy Glazer Christine , Meki Manyowa N. , Kiniry James R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs part of an integrated energy and climate system, biomass production for bioenergy based on the tropical perennial C4 grass energycane can both offset fossil fuels and store soil carbon (C). We measured energycane yields, root biomass, soil C pools, and soil C stocks in a 4 year field trial and modeled C flow from plants to soils in the surface layer of no‐till energycane planted after more than a century of intensive sugarcane agriculture. Aboveground yields ranged from 16.7 to 19.0 Mg C/ha over the 4 year trial. Although total C stocks did not significantly differ in the surface layer (approx. 0–20 cm) during the study, C in free and occluded light fractions decreased, whereas C in the mineral‐rich dense fraction increased over 4 years. Belowground system inputs, estimated from measurements and informed by convergence in the final soil fraction model, were set to 2.5 Mg C ha−1 year−1. With this input value, we estimated that surface soils retained photosynthetically fixed C predominantly within the mineral‐associated organic matter pool for a mean and median transit time of 177 and 110 years, respectively. Although we did not model C flow to deep soil layers (approx. 0–100 cm), observed C accumulation (11.4 Mg C ha−1 year−1) and root growth down to 120 cm suggest that soil processes and resulting C sequestration at the surface are likely to persist deeper into the soil profile. Energycane, as a strong candidate for climate change mitigation and land degradation remediation, showed high biomass yields and allocation of resources to roots, with sequestered soil C expected to persist for over a century.
Special theme introduction: methodological cosmopolitanism across the socio‐cultural sciences
Authors: BLOK ANDERS , SELCHOW SABINE 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe cosmopolitan sociology of Ulrich Beck has been widely recognized as making vital contributions to crosscutting conversations on globalization and transnational studies, including these debates that are being played out on the pages of Global Networks. Beck's impassioned critique of ‘methodological nationalism’ in his own discipline of sociology, in particular, has often served as a springboard for programmatic calls to attend more closely to transnational actors, issues, and processes. However, beyond the occasional acknowledgement, comparatively less attention has been paid so far to the potentialities, specificities, and practicalities of Beck's affirmative alternative vision for the socio‐cultural sciences, that of ‘methodological cosmopolitanism’. Building on and extending out from research experiences obtained in Beck's East Asia and Europe‐focused Cosmopolitan Climate Change (Cosmo‐Climate) project, this special theme brings together experts from across a range of socio‐cultural research fields to discuss and critically interrogate the challenges and capacities of doing methodological cosmopolitanism.
Grisailles: Reconstruction and characterization of historical recipes
Authors: Vilarigues Márcia , Machado Carla , Machado Andreia , Costa Marta , Alves Luis C. , Cardoso Isabel P. , Ruivo Andreia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study aims to contribute to the rediscovery of old technologies in the art of stained‐glass painting with grisaille, a dark color paint, used to create contours and shadows, produced by mixing ground lead‐based glass with coloring agents such as iron and copper. The reproduction of selected recipes belonging to five different treatises, dated from the 10th to the 19th century was designed to study the evolution of the composition and production technology of this historical paint and the repercussions of this development on the thermal compatibility of the grisailles with the glass substrates.The results indicate that the raw materials and the production methods remained roughly the same throughout the centuries. However, the chemical composition of the lead‐based glass and the source of colorants (burned metals were replaced by ochre's and earths in the 19th century) did change. These modifications impacted on the morphology of the grisailles paint layers towards a greater homogeneity. The results also reveal low thermal compatibility between these two materials, associated with both the composition and the morphology of the grisaille.
Thrombus in the left atrial appendage in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in clinical practice—A multicenter registry
Authors: Gorczyca Iwona , Michalska Anna , Chrapek Magdalena , Budnik Monika , Starzyk Katarzyna , Jelonek Olga , Uziębło‐Życzkowska Beata , Kapłon‐Cieślicka Agnieszka , Gawałko Monika , Krzesiński Paweł , Jurek Agnieszka , Scisło Piotr , Kochanowski Janusz , Kiliszek Marek , Gielerak Grzegorz , Filipiak Krzysztof J. , Opolski Grzegorz , Wożakowska‐Kapłon Beata 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence and predictors of left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT) in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) who have been treated with non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are not well defined. We aimed to assess the occurrence and predictors of LAAT on transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) in patients with non‐valvular AF treated with NOACs for at least 3 weeks.MethodsConsecutive patients with non‐valvular AF who underwent TOE before catheter ablation or electrical cardioversion in three high‐reference centers between 2014 and 2018 were included. Patients on apixaban were excluded from the study due to low numbers in this category. All patients received NOACs for at least 3 weeks before TOE.ResultsA total of 1148 patients (female, 38.1%; mean age, 62.1 years) referred to our centers for catheter ablation of AF (52.1%) or electrical cardioversion (47.9%) were included. Patients were on rivaroxaban (51.9%) or dabigatran (48.1%). Preprocedural TOE revealed LAAT in 4.4% of all patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed the CHA2DS2‐VASc score ≥2 points (OR = 2.11; 95% CI, 1.15‐3.88; P = .0161), non‐paroxysmal AF (OR = 6.30; 95% CI, 2.22‐17.91; P = .0005), and GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (OR = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.14‐3.67; P = .0160) were independent predictors of LAAT in patients treated with NOACs.ConclusionsIn non‐valvular AF patients treated with NOACs, the prevalence of LAAT was 4.4% before electrical cardioversion or ablation. In addition to the CHA2DS2‐VASc score, the type of AF and renal function should be considered in the stratification of thromboembolism risk in AF patients and qualification for a preprocedural TOE.
An Integrative Investigation of Parabistichella variabilis (Protista, Ciliophora, Hypotrichia) Including Its General Morphology, Ultrastructure, Ontogenesis, and Molecular Phylogeny
Authors: Dong Jingyi , Chen Xumiao , Liu Yongqiang , Ni Bing , Fan Xinpeng , Li Lifang , Warren Alan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHypotrichs are a highly differentiated and very diverse group of ciliated protists. Their systematics and taxonomy are challenging and call for detailed investigations on their general morphology, ultrastructure, ontogenesis, and molecular phylogeny. Here, a comprehensive study is conducted on a brackish water population of Parabistichella variabilis using light and electron microscopy and phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence data. Its morphology, including the infraciliature, pellicle, nuclei, buccal seal, and extrusomes, is documented. The present findings indicate that in P. variabilis: (i) the cortical granules are extrusomes, which differ from those of other hypotrichs; (ii) the buccal seal is bounded by the plasma membrane and contains a single layer of longitudinal microtubules; (iii) two contractile vacuoles might be present rather than one; and (iv) the pharyngeal disks are bounded by a single membrane. Early‐to‐middle stages of ontogenesis are described for the first time, enabling the complete characterization of this process. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Parabistichella variabilis is closely related to several species from different genera, such as Orthoamphisiella breviseries, Uroleptoides magnigranulosus, and Tachysoma pellionellum. However, ultrastructural and gene sequence data for more taxa are needed in order to resolve the systematics of Parabistichella.
Stillbirth at Term: Grief Theories for Care of Bereaved Women and Families in Intrapartum Settings
Authors: Black Beth Perry 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDeath in intrapartum settings poses a paradox for providers, whose expertise may be limited in assisting bereaved women and families facing the trauma of stillbirth. Many providers are familiar with Kübler‐Ross’ stage theory of grief; however, more recent theories augment her early work in care of bereaved persons. Through an evolving case study of a couple for whom pregnancy ends in stillbirth at term, 4 theories of grief—loss of the assumptive world, the dual process model, continuing bonds, and complicated grief—are presented to assist intrapartum care providers toward more comprehensive understanding of the complexities of grief responses not fully explained by simple stage theory. These 4 theories are not prescriptive, nor are they comprehensive; however, they are highly relevant and foundational for current understanding of responses and needs of bereaved women and families for whom pregnancy ends in death.