bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing sustainability in the requirements engineering process: From elicitation to functional decomposition
Authors: Saputri Theresia Ratih Dewi , Lee Seok‐Won 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDue to the critical role of a software‐intensive system in society, software engineers have a responsibility to add sustainability as a goal while developing a software system. However, there is a lack of practical guidelines providing a tangible decomposition of the sustainability aspect. Moreover, there are limited quantifiable methods to support sustainable design and analysis. Therefore, we propose a systematic approach that allows software practitioners to accommodate sustainability concerns that are aligned with other software quality attributes to enhance sustainable development. By using the combination of a goal‐scenario‐based approach and feature modeling, sustainability requirements are elicited along with their functional compositions. Our approach is a comprehensive reference model that decomposes sustainability requirements, enabling analysis, support, and assessment of sustainability risk analysis and guiding the designer to construct a feature model as a system functional decomposition. From the conducted theoretical evaluation and empirical study, our proposed approach can derive more significant sustainability‐related requirements and key features by providing a practical guideline with the integration of well‐known methods to address sustainability in requirements engineering. With the help of the provided approach, we can solve more conflicting goals in different sustainability dimensions.
Evolutionary relationships among bullhead sharks (Chondrichthyes, Heterodontiformes)
Authors: Slater Tiffany S. , Ashbrook Kate , Kriwet Jürgen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe evolution of modern sharks, skates and rays (Elasmobranchii) is largely enigmatic due to their possession of a labile cartilaginous skeleton; consequently, taxonomic assignment often depends on isolated teeth. Bullhead sharks (Heterodontiformes) are a group of basal neoselachians, thus their remains and relationships are integral to understanding elasmobranch evolution. Herein we fully describe †Paracestracion danieli – a bullhead shark from the Late Jurassic plattenkalks of Eichstätt, Germany (150–154 Ma) – for its inclusion in cladistic analysis (utilizing parsimonious principles) of morphological characters from complete †Paracestracion and Heterodontus fossil specimens as well as extant forms of the latter. The presence of two separate monophyletic clades within Heterodontiformes was confirmed, based on predominantly non‐dental characters, which show a strong divergence in body morphology between †Paracestracion and Heterodontus; the latter possessing a first dorsal fin and pectoral fins that are more anterior and pelvic fins that are more posterior. This study emphasizes the importance of including non‐dental features in heterodontiform systematics (as compared with the use of dental characters alone) and supports the erection of the family †Paracestracionidae. Further, phylogenetic analysis of molecular data from five extant species suggests that crown heterodontiforms arose from a diversification event 42.58 Ma off the west coast of the Americas.
3D‐Druck für Hochvakuumanwendungen
Authors: Wolf Christian , Prechtl Martin , Bauer René , Dinkel Michael , Beck Fabian , Franz Leopold , Neumeyer Viktor 
Published: February 2020

Summary3D‐Printing for High Vacuum Applications3D printing technology has made the leap from a home‐based private practice to industrial manufacturing. Due to the increasing reliability of printers and increasing material diversity, especially in the metal sector, double‐digit percentage growth rates are possible in the coming years.This thesis deals with the manufacture of parts made by 3D printing for high vacuum application. Different components are printed and examined for their vacuum compatibility. As shown furthermore, conventionally made standard components can be vacuum sealed to printed parts, which enables cost‐effective production of more complex components, such as e.g. a vacuum chamber allows. In addition, functional components can already be realized in the manufacturing process. The integration of a system of flow channels directly into the wall of a chamber is just one example. Thus, such a chamber can be heated during evacuation and effectively cool in later operation.
Pyrocarbon anti‐emission coatings for grid electrodes of powerful generator lamps
Authors: Kostrin D. K. , Kuznetsov V. G. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIn this paper application of a layer of pyrocarbon as an anti‐emission coating on metal grids of powerful generator lamps is discussed. Deposition of the pyrocarbon layer was carried out by plasma‐assisted application with the use of a vacuum arc discharge, which allows reducing the process temperature and the level of energy consumed. SEM images of the surface of the applied coating at different stages of its growth are given. The process of pyrocarbon formation can be considered as crystallization from the gas phase and includes the stages of formation of nuclei on the surface and their subsequent growth. The effectiveness of the use of pyrocarbon coatings on the grids of powerful generator lamps was confirmed by a decrease in the emission current by about three times (up to a level of about 10 mA) compared to devices that use more traditional anti‐emission coatings, such as titanium hydride.
The Rab5 activator RME-6 is required for amyloid precursor protein endocytosis depending on the YTSI motif
Authors: Eggert Simone , Gruebl Tomas , Rajender Ritu , Rupp Carsten , Sander Bianca , Heesch Amelie , Zimmermann Marius , Hoepfner Sebastian , Zentgraf Hanswalter , Kins Stefan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEndocytosis of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is critical for generation of β-amyloid, aggregating in Alzheimer's disease. APP endocytosis depending on the intracellular NPTY motif is well investigated, whereas involvement of the YTSI (also termed BaSS) motif remains controversial. Here, we show that APP lacking the YTSI motif (ΔYTSI) displays reduced localization to early endosomes and decreased internalization rates, similar to APP ΔNPTY. Additionally, we show that the YTSI-binding protein, PAT1a interacts with the Rab5 activator RME-6, as shown by several independent assays. Interestingly, knockdown of RME-6 decreased APP endocytosis, whereas overexpression increased the same. Similarly, APP ΔNPTY endocytosis was affected by PAT1a and RME-6 overexpression, whereas APP ΔYTSI internalization remained unchanged. Moreover, we could show that RME-6 mediated increase of APP endocytosis can be diminished upon knocking down PAT1a. Together, our data identify RME-6 as a novel player in APP endocytosis, involving the YTSI-binding protein PAT1a.
A meta-analysis on anticoagulation after vascular trauma
Authors: Khan Shujhat , Elghazaly Hussein , Mian Areeb , Khan Mansoor 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
There is much debate regarding the use of anticoagulation following vascular trauma. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the outcome of trauma following administration of anticoagulation medication.

Methods
The literature search was carried out using Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed databases to search for keywords and MeSH terms including “Anticoagulation”, “Vascular Surgery”, “Vascular Trauma”, “Vascular Repair”, “Repair” and “Wounds and Injuries”.

Results
Use of anticoagulation was associated with a better prognosis for overall vascular trauma outcomes (weighted OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.34–0.64; P < 0.00001), as well as reduced risk of amputation for both lower and upper limb vascular trauma (weighted OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.22–0.78; P = 0.007), and reduced occurrence of reoperation events and amputations in isolated lower limb vascular trauma (weighted OR 0.27; 95% CI 0.14–0.52; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion
There was a statistically significant correlation between the use of anticoagulation and vascular trauma outcome. A major limitation with many of the studies includes a lack of prospective analysis and therefore we recommend prospective studies to properly elucidate prognostic outcomes following use of these anticoagulants. Further studies need to be conducted to assess the effects of timing of anticoagulant delivery, dosages and severity of traumatic injury. Thus, this would prove to be very useful in the formation of guidelines.
Clinical relevance of total choline (tCho) quantification in suspicious lesions on multiparametric breast MRI
Authors: Sodano Claudia , Clauser Paola , Dietzel Matthias , Kapetas Panagiotis , Pinker Katja , Helbich Thomas H. , Gussew Alexander , Baltzer Pascal Andreas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the additional value of quantitative tCho evaluation to diagnose malignancy and lymph node metastases in suspicious lesions on multiparametric breast MRI (mpMRI, BI-RADS 4, and BI-RADS 5).

Methods
One hundred twenty-one patients that demonstrated suspicious multiparametric breast MRI lesions using DCE, T2w, and diffusion-weighted (DW) images were prospectively enrolled in this IRB-approved study. All underwent single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS, point-resolved spectroscopy sequence, TR 2000 ms, TE 272 ms) with and without water suppression. The total choline (tCho) amplitude was measured and normalized to millimoles/liter according to established methodology by two independent readers (R1, R2). ROC-analysis was employed to predict malignancy and lymph node status by tCho results.

Results
One hundred three patients with 74 malignant and 29 benign lesions had full 1H-MRS data. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for prediction of malignancy was 0.816 (R1) and 0.809 (R2). A cutoff of 0.8 mmol/l tCho could diagnose malignancy with a sensitivity of > 95%. For prediction of lymph node metastases, tCho measurements achieved an AUC of 0.760 (R1) and 0.788 (R2). At tCho levels < 2.4 mmol/l, no metastatic lymph nodes were found.

Conclusion
Quantitative tCho evaluation from 1H-MRS allowed diagnose malignancy and lymph node status in breast lesions suspicious on multiparametric breast MRI. tCho therefore demonstrated the potential to downgrade suspicious mpMRI lesions and stratify the risk of lymph node metastases for improved patient management.

Key Points
• Quantitative tCho evaluation can distinguish benign from malignant breast lesions suspicious after multiparametric MRI assessment.
• Quantitative tCho levels are associated with lymph node status in breast cancer.
• Quantitative tCho levels are higher in hormonal receptor positive compared to hormonal receptor negative lesions.
Medical disciplinary jurisprudence in alleged malpractice in radiology: 10-year Dutch experience
Authors: Kwee Robert M. , Kwee Thomas C. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To systematically investigate the frequency and types of allegations related to radiology practice handled by the Dutch Medical Disciplinary Court in the past 10 years.

Methods
The Dutch Medical Disciplinary Court database was searched for verdicts concerning radiology practice between 2010 and 2019. The association between the number of verdicts and time (years) was assessed by Spearman’s rho. Other data were summarized using descriptive statistics.

Results
There were 48 verdicts (mean 4.8 per year). There was no significant association between the number of verdicts and time (Spearman’s rho < 0.001, p = 0.99). Most allegations were in breast imaging and musculoskeletal radiology (each 18.8%), followed by interventional radiology, head and neck imaging, and abdominal imaging (each 12.5%), neuroradiology and vascular imaging (each 10.4%), and chest imaging (4.2%). There were 46 allegations against radiologists (95.8%) and 2 against residents (4.2%). The most common allegation (37.5%) was error in diagnosis. In 20.8% of verdicts, the allegation was judged (partially) founded; disciplinary measures were warnings (n = 8) and reprimands (n = 2). An appeal was submitted by the patient in 11 cases and by the radiologist in 3 cases. All appeals by patients were rejected, whereas 2 of the 3 appeals by radiologists were granted and previously imposed disciplinary measures were reversed.

Conclusion
Allegations against radiologists at the Dutch Medical Disciplinary Court are relatively few, their number has remained stable over the past 10 years, and a minority were judged to be (partially) founded. We can learn from the cases presented in this article, which may improve patient care.

Key Points
• The frequency of allegations against radiologists at the Dutch Medical Disciplinary Court is relatively low and has not exhibited any temporal change over the past 10 years.
• These allegations reflect patient dissatisfaction, but this infrequently equals malpractice.
• Knowledge of the circumstances under which these allegations have arisen may improve patient care.
The effect of regional warming on the East Asian summer monsoon
Authors: Kim Kwang-Yul , Kim Beom-Seok 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEast Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation has changed significantly due to regional warming. In this study, effect of regional warming on the EASM summer precipitation is investigated during 1979–2018 with a particular emphasis on the frontogenesis. The frontogenetic function shows that change in circulation and temperature distribution associated with regional warming is fairly consistent with precipitation change. Specifically, changes in temperature gradient and deformation, both in terms of its magnitude and direction with respect to thermal gradient, result in cross-frontal circulation change with respect to its position and magnitude; this, in turn, is closely linked with EASM precipitation change. Due to warming, frontal circulation has weakened except in the mature stage, when the front is over the Kuroshio Current. From a slightly southward shifted position, the northward migration of the front is more precipitous than in the past reaching its northern-most latitude earlier by ~ 2 weeks. On the other hand, the southward migration has become slightly sluggish. In association with the frontogenesis, large-scale precipitation is more strongly affected north of ~ 30° N. South of ~ 25° N, precipitation change is due largely to convective precipitation.
Does temporal predictability of tasks influence task choice?
Authors: Jurczyk V. , Mittelstädt V. , Fröber K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTask performance improves when the required tasks are predicted by the preceding time intervals, suggesting that participants form time-based task expectancies. In the present study, we pursued the question whether temporal predictability of tasks can also influence task choice. For this purpose, we conducted three experiments using a hybrid task-switching paradigm (with two tasks) combining forced-choice and free-choice trials. Each trial was preceded by either a short (500 ms) or a long (1500 ms) foreperiod. In forced-choice trials, the instructed task was predicted by the length of the foreperiod (Exp. 1A and 1B: 100% foreperiod-task contingencies; Exp. 2: 80% foreperiod-task contingencies). In the remaining trials, participants were free to choose which task to perform. In all three experiments, we found that participants’ task choice was influenced by the foreperiod-task contingencies implemented in forced-choice trials. Specifically, participants were overall biased to choose tasks compatible with these contingencies; these compatible choice rates were larger for the short compared to the long foreperiod. Our findings suggest that learned time-based task expectancies influence subjects’ voluntary task choice and that an initially present task bias toward the “short” task is not always overcome at the long foreperiod. We discuss potential underlying mechanisms against the background of voluntary task switching and interval timing.
Development of a Blast Furnace Model with Thermodynamic Process Depiction by Means of the Rist Operating Diagram
Authors: Spanlang Andreas , Wukovits Walter , Weiss Bernd 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis work represents an extended abstract of a study presented at the PRES 2016 conference. Despite the fact that alternative processes such as Corex® and Finex® have already been established on industrial scale, the blast furnace route continues to be the most important process used to produce pig iron. Due to its importance, a variety of models of the blast furnace process have been developed in the past decades. In addition to this, a well-established analogue representation of blast furnace operation is given by the Rist operating diagram. The target of this work was to create a comprehensive blast furnace model in the process simulation platform of gPROMS ModelBuilder®, which enables the description of interdependencies between the main blast furnace process, raceway conditions as well as the overall thermodynamic process conditions within a single mathematical model. As an example of possible applications of the developed model, a detailed analysis of the model behaviour under varying coke substitution scenarios was carried out in order to evaluate their CO2 abatement potentials.
Are electronic white canes better than traditional canes? A comparative study with blind and blindfolded participants
Authors: dos Santos Aline Darc Piculo , Medola Fausto Orsi , Cinelli Milton José , Garcia Ramirez Alejandro Rafael , Sandnes Frode Eika 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVisually impaired individuals often rely on assistive technologies such as white canes for independent navigation. Many electronic enhancements to the traditional white cane have been proposed. However, only a few of these proof-of-concept technologies have been tested with authentic users, as most studies rely on blindfolded non-visually impaired participants or no testing with participants at all. Experiments involving blind users are usually not contrasted with the traditional white cane. This study set out to compare an ultrasound-based electronic cane with a traditional white cane. Moreover, we also compared the performance of a group of visually impaired participants (N = 10) with a group of blindfolded participants without visual impairments (N = 31). The results show that walking speed with the electronic cane is significantly slower compared to the traditional white cane. Moreover, the results show that the performance of the participants without visual impairments is significantly slower than for the visually impaired participants. No significant differences in obstacle detection rates were observed across participant groups and device types for obstacles on the ground, while 79% of the hanging obstacles were detected by the electronic cane. The results of this study thus suggest that electronic canes present only one advantage over the traditional cane, namely in its ability to detect hanging obstacles, at least without prolonged practice. Next, blindfolded participants are insufficient substitutes for blind participants who are expert cane users. The implication of this study is that research into digital white cane enhancements should include blind participants. These participants should be followed over time in longitudinal experiments to document if practice will lead to improvements that surpass the performance achieved with traditional canes.
The gender health gap in Europe’s ageing societies: universal findings across countries and age groups?
Authors: Schmitz Alina , Lazarevič Patrick 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe provide a systematic country and age group comparison of the gender gap in several generic health indicators and more specific morbidity outcomes. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE), we examined the gender gap in the prevalence of poor self-rated health, chronic health conditions, activity limitations, multimorbidity, pain, heart attacks, diabetes, and depression in three age groups (50–64, 65–79, and 80+) based on linear probability models with and without adjustment for covariates. While women were typically disadvantaged regarding poor self-rated health, chronic health conditions, activity limitations, multimorbidity, pain, and depression, men had a higher prevalence of heart attacks and diabetes. However, the gender gap’s magnitude and sometimes even its direction varied considerably with some age trends apparent. Regarding some health indicators, the gender gap tended to be higher in Southern and Eastern Europe than in Western and Northern Europe. All in all, the presence of a gender health gap cannot be regarded as a universal finding as the gap tended to widen, narrow or even reverse with age depending on the indicator and country.
Attitudes and opinions of farmers in the context of environmental protection in rural areas in Poland
Authors: Piwowar Arkadiusz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper presents results of questionnaire surveys regarding the state of the natural environment in rural areas. The research was conducted on a sample of 1101 agricultural holdings in Poland. According to the analyses, agricultural producers are aware of environmental threats posed by irrational agricultural economy. Most respondents indicated the responsibility of farmers and other residents of rural areas as a basic condition for broadly understood environmental safety in rural areas in Poland. In the opinion of respondents, systems and programs for funding the replacement of heating boilers, thermomodernization of buildings, etc., are also important. There were significant differences in farmers’ declarations, taking into account the age and level of education of the respondents, as well as features of agricultural holdings (area and economic size of the agricultural holding).
Context-sensitive decrement times for inhaled anesthetics in obese patients explored with Gas Man®
Authors: Weber Jonas , Schmidt Johannes , Wirth Steffen , Schumann Stefan , Philip James H. , Eberhart Leopold H. J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnesthesia care providers and anesthesia decision support tools use mathematical pharmacokinetic models to control delivery and especially removal of anesthetics from the patient’s body. However, these models are not able to reflect alterations in pharmacokinetics of volatile anesthetics caused by obesity. The primary aim of this study was to refine those models for obese patients. To investigate the effects of obesity on the elimination of desflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane for various anesthesia durations, the Gas Man® computer simulation software was used. Four different models simulating patients with weights of 70 kg, 100 kg, 125 kg and 150 kg were constructed by increasing fat weight to the standard 70 kg model. For each modelled patient condition, the vaporizer was set to reach quickly and then maintain an alveolar concentration of 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). Subsequently, the circuit was switched to an open (non-rebreathing) circuit model, the inspiratory anesthetic concentration was set to 0 and the time to the anesthetic decrements by 67% (awakening times), 90% (recovery times) and 95% (resolution times) in the vessel-rich tissue compartment including highly perfused tissue of the central nervous system were determined. Awakening times did not differ greatly between the simulation models. After volatile anesthesia with sevoflurane and isoflurane, awakening times were lower in the more obese simulation models. With increasing obesity, recovery and resolution times were higher. The additional adipose tissue in obese simulation models did not prolong awakening times and thus may act more like a sink for volatile anesthetics. The results of these simulations should be validated by comparing the elimination of volatile anesthetics in obese patients with data from our simulation models.