bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exit site infection and peritonitis due to Serratia species in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis: Epidemiology and clinical outcomes
Authors: Au Christy W. H. , Yap Desmond Y. H. , Chan Jasper F. W. , Yip Terence P. S. , Chan Tak M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo study the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of catheter‐related infections of Serratia species in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the patient characteristics, antibiotics susceptibility/resistance patterns and treatment outcomes of exit site infection (ESI) and peritonitis due to Serratia in PD patients during the period of 2004 to 2017.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐one patients had Serratia ESI, of which 10 (6.2%) progressed to tunnel tract involvement and 11 (6.8%) developed PD peritonitis. Nineteen (11.8%) patients with Serratia ESI failed to respond to medical treatment and required catheter removal. Fifty‐six (34.8%) patients had repeat Serratia ESI, which occurred at 12.9 ± 13.6 months after the previous episode. Twenty‐two patients had Serratia peritonitis, which accounted for 1% of peritonitis during the study period. Ten (45.5%) patients responded to medical treatment while 12 (54.5%) patients required catheter removal. Nine patients (36.4%) failed to resume PD and were converted to long‐term haemodialysis. Two patients had repeat peritonitis at 2 months and 3 years, respectively, after the initial episode. Serratia species in PD patients showed high rates of resistance to ampicillin, and first‐ and second‐generation cephalosporins, but were generally susceptible to aminoglycosides, carboxy‐/ureido‐penicillins and carbapenems.ConclusionOur results suggest that Serratia ESI show low risk of progression to peritonitis and favourable response to medical therapy, while Serratia peritonitis was associated with high rates of catheter removal and peritoneal failure.
Gastrointestinal perforations and associated risk factors in children after liver transplantation
Authors: Aslan Serdar , Akış Yıldız Zeliha , Yazar Şerafettin , Kargı Ahmet , Dönmez Ramazan , Selimoğlu Ayşe , Arıkan Çiğdem , Kavlak Emre , Polat Kamil Yalçın 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, possible risk factors of gastrointestinal perforations (GIP) that increase mortality after liver transplantation in children were investigated. One hundred and thirty‐one pediatric patients who underwent 139 liver transplants between January 2016 and February 2020 were evaluated retrospectively based on preoperative and surgical data. Furthermore, cases with biliary atresia, which constitute 26.7% (35) of the patients, were compared within themselves and with other groups. It was found that the cases that developed perforations were younger, lower in weight, and had higher number of surgeries than those who did not, while the mortality and morbidity rates were higher in these patients. When cases with biliary atresia were analyzed within themselves, no significant difference was found between perforated biliary atresia and non‐perforated cases in terms of age, weight, and previous surgery. When biliary atresia and other etiologies were compared, biliary atresia cases were found to be transplanted at a younger age, at a lower weight, and this group had a higher risk for perforation. Early laparotomy should be performed in order to reduce mortality in GIPs. Patients that are younger, underweight, previously operated, and using mesh must be closely monitored.
Multiple idiopathic cervical root resorption: Case report of an unusual presentation
Authors: Samara Elpida , Kelly Emily , Walker Rosamunde , Borumandi Farzad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIdiopathic cervical root resorption (ICRR) is a rare condition involving the cemento‐enamel junction of the teeth. Multiple idiopathic cervical root resorption (MICRR) involves several teeth with an unknown prevalence and aetiology. The resorptive lesions are often detected on routine radiographs or during clinical examination. The defects are often painless, hence they are usually diagnosed late and in an advanced stage when diagnosed clinically. The restoration of MICRR can be demanding with subsequent loss of the teeth affected. In this report, we describe the case of a 16‐year‐old female with MICRR, the therapeutic challenges and clinical burden for this young patient over a period of approximately 5 years.
Barriers and facilitators influencing adherence to occupational therapy home assessment recommendations: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Harper Kristie J. , Taylor Susan L. , Parsons Dave N. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To identify and describe the barriers and facilitators that influence adherence to recommendations provided as part of an occupational therapy home assessment.

Introduction:
Home assessments, including environmental interventions, are commonly used by occupational therapists. Home assessment recommendations aim to support a patient's independence in their occupational roles and improve safety in the home. Research evaluating home assessments and adherence to recommended strategies is limited. However, low adherence has been associated with poorer outcomes including falls, deconditioning, and decreased function. This research aims to synthesize factors that influence adherence to home assessment recommendations.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider all qualitative and quantitative studies that report on adherence to recommendations provided during occupational therapy home assessments. Studies will include adults (>18) and/or their caregivers, who live in the community and receive an occupational therapy home assessment.

Methods:
A mixed methods systematic review will be undertaken. Eight databases will be searched for studies published in English reporting on adherence following home assessments completed by occupational therapists published after January 2000. Study quality will be assessed using standardized JBI critical appraisal tools dependent on study design. Data extraction will be performed using a standardized tool, followed by data transformation. Data synthesis will follow the convergent integrated approach. All findings will be tabulated to explore factors that influence adherence.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020159233
Inter‐spike mitochondrial Ca2+ release enhances high frequency synaptic transmission
Authors: Yang Che Ho , Lee Kyu‐Hee , Ho Won‐Kyung , Lee Suk‐Ho 
Published: November 2020

Key points
Presynaptic mitochondria not only absorb but also release Ca2+ during high frequency stimulation (HFS) when presynaptic [Ca2+] is kept low (<500 nm) by high cytosolic Ca2+ buffer or strong plasma membrane calcium clearance mechanisms under physiological external [Ca2+].
Mitochondrial Ca2+ release (MCR) does not alter the global presynaptic Ca2+ transients.
MCR during HFS enhances short‐term facilitation and steady state excitatory postsynaptic currents by increasing vesicular release probability.
The intra‐train MCR may provide residual calcium at interspike intervals, and thus support high frequency neurotransmission at central glutamatergic synapses.
AbstractEmerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering contributes to local regulation of synaptic transmission. It is unknown, however, whether mitochondrial Ca2+ release (MCR) occurs during high frequency synaptic transmission. Confirming the previous notion that 2 μm tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) is a specific inhibitor of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (mNCX), we studied the role of MCR via mNCX in short‐term plasticity during high frequency stimulation (HFS) at the calyx of Held synapse of the rat. TPP+ reduced short‐term facilitation (STF) and steady state excitatory postsynaptic currents during HFS at mature calyx synapses under physiological extracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]o = 1.2 mm), but not at immature calyx or at 2 mm [Ca2+]o. The inhibitory effects of TPP+ were stronger at synapses with morphologically complex calyces harbouring many swellings and at 32°C than at simple calyx synapses and at room temperature. These effects of TPP+ on STF were well correlated with those on the presynaptic mitochondrial [Ca2+] build‐up during HFS. Mitochondrial [Ca2+] during HFS was increased by TPP+ at mature calyces under 1.2 mm [Ca2+]o, and further enhanced at 32°C, but not under 2 mm [Ca2+]o or at immature calyces. The close correlation of the effects of TPP+ on mitochondrial [Ca2+] with those on STF suggests that mNCX contributes to STF at the calyx of Held synapses. The intra‐train MCR enhanced vesicular release probability without altering global presynaptic [Ca2+]. Our results suggest that MCR during HFS elevates local [Ca2+] near synaptic sites at interspike intervals to enhance STF and to support stable synaptic transmission under physiological [Ca2+]o.
Loss of Baiap2l2 destabilizes the transducing stereocilia of cochlear hair cells and leads to deafness
Authors: Carlton Adam J. , Halford Julia , Underhill Anna , Jeng Jing‐Yi , Avenarius Matthew R. , Gilbert Merle L. , Ceriani Federico , Ebisine Kimimuepigha , Brown Steve D. M. , Bowl Michael R. , Barr‐Gillespie Peter G. , Marcotti Walter 
Published: November 2020

Key points
Mechanoelectrical transduction at auditory hair cells requires highly specialized stereociliary bundles that project from their apical surface, forming a characteristic graded ‘staircase’ structure.
The morphogenesis and maintenance of these stereociliary bundles is a tightly regulated process requiring the involvement of several actin‐binding proteins, many of which are still unidentified.
We identify a new stereociliary protein, the I‐BAR protein BAIAP2L2, which localizes to the tips of the shorter transducing stereocilia in both inner and outer hair cells (IHCs and OHCs).
We find that Baiap2l2 deficient mice lose their second and third rows of stereocilia, their mechanoelectrical transducer current, and develop progressive hearing loss, becoming deaf by 8 months of age.
We demonstrate that BAIAP2L2 localization to stereocilia tips is dependent on the motor protein MYO15A and its cargo EPS8.
We propose that BAIAP2L2 is a new key protein required for the maintenance of the transducing stereocilia in mature cochlear hair cells.
AbstractThe transduction of sound waves into electrical signals depends upon mechanosensitive stereociliary bundles that project from the apical surface of hair cells within the cochlea. The height and width of these actin‐based stereocilia is tightly regulated throughout life to establish and maintain their characteristic staircase‐like structure, which is essential for normal mechanoelectrical transduction. Here, we show that BAIAP2L2, a member of the I‐BAR protein family, is a newly identified hair bundle protein that is localized to the tips of the shorter rows of transducing stereocilia in mouse cochlear hair cells. BAIAP2L2 was detected by immunohistochemistry from postnatal day 2.5 (P2.5) throughout adulthood. In Baiap2l2 deficient mice, outer hair cells (OHCs), but not inner hair cells (IHCs), began to lose their third row of stereocilia and showed a reduction in the size of the mechanoelectrical transducer current from just after P9. Over the following post‐hearing weeks, the ordered staircase structure of the bundle progressively deteriorates, such that, by 8 months of age, both OHCs and IHCs of Baiap2l2 deficient mice have lost most of the second and third rows of stereocilia and become deaf. We also found that BAIAP2L2 interacts with other key stereociliary proteins involved in normal hair bundle morphogenesis, such as CDC42, RAC1, EPS8 and ESPNL. Furthermore, we show that BAIAP2L2 localization to the stereocilia tips depends on the motor protein MYO15A and its cargo EPS8. We propose that BAIAP2L2 is key to maintenance of the normal actin structure of the transducing stereocilia in mature mouse cochlear hair cells.
Network Redundancy: A Key Design Factor for Cooling Networks
Authors: Pejman Reza , Najafi Ahmad Raeisi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Microvascular composite offers a variety of multi-functionality based on the choice of fluid flowing through the embedded microchannels. The design of the microchannel network in microvascular composites is quite challenging. Indeed, the design is often expected to have high cooling efficiency, satisfy the manufacturing and operating constraints, and also have redundancy to increase the temperature uniformity and alleviate the destructive effects of potential microchannel blockage. In this study, we present a design optimization framework to satisfy these requirements. We use the Hybrid Topology/Shape (HyTopS) optimization scheme to design a redundant blockage-tolerant cooling network. In this method, the optimizer can change the topology of the design during the shape optimization process. Being able to modify the topology of the network enables the optimizer to provide network redundancy to effectively optimize the design for blockage tolerance. We also solve several numerical examples to show the unique features of the proposed method.
Design Automation for Mass Customisation via Additive Manufacture: A Case Study on Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Mask
Authors: Li Shiya , Ploumpis Stylianos , Zafeiriou Stefanos , Myant Connor 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been identified as a key enabler for Mass Customization (MC) due to its negligible tooling cost associated with producing one-off items. This is especially valuable for the medical industry where the ability to create patient-specific products can greatly improve performance and comfort. However, the use of AM so far has only been limited to previously custom-made devices due to the prohibitive design costs associated with a knowledge-intensive and highly manual design process. The research community has often overlooked this area and as yet no study has shown a completely automated process that can reduce or even eliminate this design cost for existing mass-produced ergonomic products (e.g. respirators). This study investigates the methodology of developing a completely automated design pipeline through a case study on Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mask. Through a parametric design approach, a fully automated pipeline was constructed based on a large-scale statistical shape model “learnt” from 9,663 high-resolution facial scans. The pipeline accepts a single “in-the-wild” facial image as the only data input and produces a CAD model of CPAP mask in under a minute. The significant reduction in design time, ease of data acquisition and the complete removal of a manual CAD modelling process can make AM more accessible for CPAP masks manufacturers. The same workflow can potentially be employed to construct automation pipelines for other types of wearables, therefore encouraging the adoption of AM for MC of a wider selection of products.
Exploring System of Systems Resilience vs. Affordability Trade-Space Using a Bio-Inspired Metric
Authors: Chatterjee Abheek , Malak Richard , Layton Astrid 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the value of an ecologically inspired architectural metric called the Degree of System Order in the System of Systems (SoS) architecting process. Two highly desirable SoS attributes are the ability to withstand and recover from disruptions (resilience) and affordability. In practice, more resilient SoS architectures are less affordable and it is essential to balance the trade-offs between the two attributes. Ecological research analyzing long-surviving ecosystems (nature’s resilient SoS) using the Degree of System Order metric has found a unique balance of efficient and redundant interactions in their architecture. This balance implies that highly efficient ecosystems tend to be inflexible and vulnerable to perturbations while highly redundant ecosystems fail to utilize resources effectively for survival. Motivated by this unique architectural property of ecosystems, this study investigates the response to disruptions vs. affordability trade-space of a large number of feasible SoS architectures. Results indicate that the most favorable SoS architectures in this trade-space share a specific range of values of Degree of System Order. This suggests that Degree of System Order can be a key metric in engineered SoS development. Evaluating the Degree of System Order does not require detailed simulations and can, therefore, guide the early stage SoS design process towards more optimal SoS architectures.
Dynamic State Analysis of a Driven Magnetic Pendulum Using Ordinal Partition Networks and Topological Data Analysis
Authors: Myers Audun , Khasawneh Firas A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The use of complex networks for time series analysis has recently shown to be useful as a tool for detecting dynamic state changes for a wide variety of applications. In this work, we implement the commonly used ordinal partition network to transform a time series into a network for detecting these state changes for the simple magnetic pendulum. The time series that we used are obtained experimentally from a base-excited magnetic pendulum apparatus, and numerically from the corresponding governing equations. The magnetic pendulum provides a relatively simple, non-linear example demonstrating transitions from periodic to chaotic motion with the variation of system parameters. For our method, we implement persistent homology, a shape measuring tool from Topological Data Analysis (TDA), to summarize the shape of the resulting ordinal partition networks as a tool for detecting state changes. We show that this network analysis tool provides a clear distinction between periodic and chaotic time series. Another contribution of this work is the successful application of the networks-TDA pipeline, for the first time, to signals from non-autonomous nonlinear systems. This opens the door for our approach to be used as an automatic design tool for studying the effect of design parameters on the resulting system response. Other uses of this approach include fault detection from sensor signals in a wide variety of engineering operations.
Optimum Design of an Archery Twin Round-Wheel Compound Bow
Authors: Denizhan Onur , Chew Meng-Sang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this article, an optimization of a twin round-wheel compound bow is presented. Based on a previously published mathematical model of the kineto-elastic system, an objective function is introduced to maximize the stored potential energy in the compound bow limbs. The optimized design of the compound bow shows an increase in the potential energy stored for the same drawn distance. However, a slightly higher force is required and the initial position of string is slightly closer to the riser. Two different optimality criteria are also discussed.
Kinesthetic Perceptual Symmetry in Bi-Manual Interactions: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Mohanty Ronak R. , Adhikari Riddhi R. , Krishnamurthy Vinayak R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we present a study to explore the symmetry of kinesthetic perception. Our goal is to add to the growing literature that investigates haptics technologies for therapeutic and rehabilitative applications. To this end, we study how selective activation/ deactivation of haptic (specifically force) feedback affects human perception during symmetric bi-manual (two-handed) spatial tasks. We conducted a simple experiment where healthy individuals are tasked with stretching a virtual spring using two symmetrically located haptics devices that provide an equal amount of resistive forces on each hand while pulling the spring. In this experiment, we implement four kinesthetic conditions, namely (1) feedback on both hands, (2) feedback only on dominant hand, (3) feedback only on non-dominant hand, and (4) no feedback as our control. Our first goal was to determine if there exists a range of spring stiffness in which the individual incorrectly perceives bi-manual forces when the feedback is deactivated on one hand. Subsequently, we also wanted to investigate what range of spring stiffness would lead to such perceptual illusions. Our studies show that not only does such a range exist, wide enough so as to be potentially utilized in future rehabilitative applications. Interestingly, we also observe that for few cases, symmetry can be independent of the kinesthetic perception.
Long-term effects of prescribed burning, tree retention, and browsing on deciduous tree recruitment in European boreal forests
Authors: Hardenbol Alwin A. , den Herder Michael , Kouki Jari 
Published: November 2020

Silvicultural practices, effective fire suppression, and increased browser densities have profoundly altered structural diversity in boreal forests. Prescribed burning and retention forestry may counteract losses in structural diversity in managed forests by maintaining a higher deciduous admixture. We constructed an experiment on 18 sites with three types of timber harvesting (uncut, cut with retention, and clearcut) and burned half of these sites. Subsequently, we established a herbivore treatment with three compartments (unfenced, fenced excluding moose (Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)), and fenced excluding moose and hares (Lepus spp.)). In these compartments, we planted rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.), European aspen (Populus tremula L.), and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings and monitored these for 17 years. Birch and rowan mortality were lower on cut and burned sites, with retention further enhancing birch survival on these sites. Retention without burning did not lower seedling mortality of any tree species. While browsing resulted in greater mortality on cut sites, burning appeared to greatly reduce browsing on birch and rowan. On mature uncut sites, seedlings of all tree species exhibited high mortality. Our findings show that deciduous tree recruitment can be improved through prescribed burning, particularly for birch and rowan, and that browsing impacts on deciduous trees depend on forest age.
BAO signatures in the 2-point angular correlations and the Hubble tension
Authors: Nunes Rafael C. , Bernui Armando 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn observational tension on estimates of the Hubble parameter, $$H_0$$

H
0

, using early and late Universe information, is being of intense discussion in the literature. Additionally, it is of great importance to measure $$H_0$$

H
0

independently of CMB data and local distance ladder method. In this sense, we analyze 15 measurements of the transversal BAO scale, $$\theta _\mathrm{BAO}$$

θ
BAO

, obtained in a weakly model-dependent approach, in combination with other data sets obtained in a model-independent way, namely, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) information, 6 gravitationally lensed quasars with measured time delays by the H0LiCOW team, and measures of cosmic chronometers (CC). We find $$H_0 = 74.88_{-2.1}^{+1.9}$$

H
0

=
74
.

88

-
2.1

+
1.9

km s$${}^{-1}$$

-
1

Mpc$${}^{-1}$$

-
1

and $$H_0 = 72.06_{-1.3}^{+1.2}$$

H
0

=
72
.

06

-
1.3

+
1.2

km s$${}^{-1}$$

-
1

Mpc$${}^{-1}$$

-
1

from $$\theta _{BAO}$$

θ

BAO

+BBN+H0LiCOW and $$\theta _{BAO}$$

θ

BAO

+BBN+CC, respectively, in fully accordance with local measurements. Moreover, we estimate the sound horizon at drag epoch, $$r_\mathrm{d}$$

r
d

, independent of CMB data, and find $$r_\mathrm{d}=144.1_{-5.5}^{+5.3}$$

r
d

=
144
.

1

-
5.5

+
5.3

Mpc (from $$\theta _{BAO}$$

θ

BAO

+BBN+H0LiCOW) and $$r_\mathrm{d} =150.4_{-3.3}^{+2.7}$$

r
d

=
150
.

4

-
3.3

+
2.7

Mpc (from $$\theta _{BAO}$$

θ

BAO

+BBN+CC). In a second round of analysis, we test how the presence of a possible spatial curvature, $$\Omega _k$$

Ω
k

, can influence the main results. We compare our constraints on $$H_0$$

H
0

and $$r_\mathrm{d}$$

r
d

with other reported values. Our results show that it is possible to use a robust compilation of transversal BAO data, $$\theta _{BAO}$$

θ

BAO

, jointly with other model-independent measurements, in such a way that the tension on the Hubble parameter can be alleviated.