bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four-class emotion classification in virtual reality using pupillometry
Authors: Zheng Lim Jia , Mountstephens James , Teo Jason 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Emotion classification remains a challenging problem in affective computing. The large majority of emotion classification studies rely on electroencephalography (EEG) and/or electrocardiography (ECG) signals and only classifies the emotions into two or three classes. Moreover, the stimuli used in most emotion classification studies utilize either music or visual stimuli that are presented through conventional displays such as computer display screens or television screens. This study reports on a novel approach to recognizing emotions using pupillometry alone in the form of pupil diameter data to classify emotions into four distinct classes according to Russell’s Circumplex Model of Emotions, utilizing emotional stimuli that are presented in a virtual reality (VR) environment. The stimuli used in this experiment are 360° videos presented using a VR headset. Using an eye-tracker, pupil diameter is acquired as the sole classification feature. Three classifiers were used for the emotion classification which are Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Random Forest (RF).

Findings
SVM achieved the best performance for the four-class intra-subject classification task at an average of 57.05% accuracy, which is more than twice the accuracy of a random classifier. Although the accuracy can still be significantly improved, this study reports on the first systematic study on the use of eye-tracking data alone without any other supplementary sensor modalities to perform human emotion classification and demonstrates that even with a single feature of pupil diameter alone, emotions could be classified into four distinct classes to a certain level of accuracy. Moreover, the best performance for recognizing a particular class was 70.83%, which was achieved by the KNN classifier for Quadrant 3 emotions.

Conclusion
This study presents the first systematic investigation on the use of pupillometry as the sole feature to classify emotions into four distinct classes using VR stimuli. The ability to conduct emotion classification using pupil data alone represents a promising new approach to affective computing as new applications could be developed using readily-available webcams on laptops and other mobile devices that are equipped with cameras without the need for specialized and costly equipment such as EEG and/or ECG as the sensor modality.
Laser digital patterning of conductive electrodes using metal oxide nanomaterials
Authors: Nam Vu Binh , Giang Trinh Thi , Koo Sangmo , Rho Junsuk , Lee Daeho 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs an alternative approach to the conventional deposition and photolithographic processes, the laser digital patterning (LDP) process, which is also known as the laser direct writing process, has attracted considerable attention because it is a non-photolithographic, non-vacuum, on-demand, and cost-effective electrode fabrication route that can be applied to various substrates, including heat-sensitive flexible substrates. The LDP process was initially developed using noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) such as Au and Ag because such materials are free from oxidation even in a nanosize configuration. Thus, the NPs must be fused together to form continuous conductive structures upon laser irradiation. However, common metals are easily oxidized at the nanoscale and exist in oxidized forms owing to the extremely large surface-to-volume ratio of NPs. Therefore, to fabricate conductive electrodes using common metal NPs via the LDP process, laser irradiation should be used to sinter the NPs and simultaneously induce additional photochemical reactions, such as reduction, and defect structure modification to increase the conductivity of the electrodes. This review summarizes recent studies on the LDP process in which metal oxide NPs, such as ITO, ZnO, CuO, and NiO, were exclusively utilized for fabricating conductive electrodes. The outlook of the LDP process for these materials is also discussed as a method that can be used together with or as a replacement for conventional ones to produce next-generation transparent conductors, sensors, and electronics.
Classification of long-term very long period (VLP) volcanic earthquakes at Whakaari/White Island volcano, New Zealand
Authors: Park Iseul , Jolly Arthur , Lokmer Ivan , Kennedy Ben 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe have observed very long period earthquakes (VLPs) over the period 2007 to the end of 2019 at Whakaari/White Island volcano, New Zealand. The earthquakes exhibit similitude between waveforms which suggests repeating source locations and processes. VLPs recorded at two permanent stations were detected using waveform semblance and were then classified into two main families (F1 and F2) using a clustering analysis. The two families are characterized by ‘mirror image’ reverse waveform polarity suggesting that they are genetically related, but occur during different evolutionary phases of volcanic activity. F1 events occurred throughout the observation period, while F2 events mainly occurred as swarms that mark the onset of volcanic unrest. A detailed cluster analysis reveals possible sub-families implying slight temporal evolutions within a family. Our results add to our understanding of the volcanic magma–hydrothermal system at Whakaari/White Island indicating that relatively stable VLP sources may be exploited to improve monitoring for future unrest.
Day-to-day variation of pre-reversal enhancement in the equatorial ionosphere based on GAIA model simulations
Authors: Ghosh Priyanka , Otsuka Yuichi , Mani Sivakandan , Shinagawa Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUsing a whole atmosphere–ionosphere coupled model GAIA (ground-to-topside model of atmosphere and ionosphere), we have investigated which parameters mainly control day-to-day variation of vertical plasma drift at the evening terminator over magnetic equator, so-called pre-reversal enhancement (PRE). Day-to-day variations of the peak PRE are compared with those of electron density, eastward current density and eastward neutral wind in the E- and F-region over Chumphon (10.7° N, 99.4° E; 0.86° N magnetic latitude), Thailand during equinoctial months in 2011–2013. Eastward neutral wind in the F-region shows positive correlation with peak PRE, indicating that the F-region winds control the peak PRE through the mechanisms of the F-region dynamo (including E- and F-region coupling processes). Daytime eastward electric current at an altitude of 110 km, corresponding to equatorial electro jet (EEJ), is also positively correlated with the peak PRE. Correlation between the EEJ and PRE is the largest at 1700 LT, approximately 1.5 h prior to the peak PRE.
Microbial communities from arid environments on a global scale. A systematic review
Authors: Vásquez-Dean Javiera , Maza Felipe , Morel Isidora , Pulgar Rodrigo , González Mauricio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractArid environments are defined by the lack of water availability, which is directly related to the mean annual precipitation (MAP), and high values of solar irradiation, which impacts the community composition of animals, plants, and the microbial structure of the soil. Recent advances in NGS technologies have expanded our ability to characterize microbiomes, allowing environmental microbiologists to explore the complete microbial structure. Intending to identify and describe the state-of-the-art of bacterial communities in arid soils at a global scale, and to address the effect that some environmental features may have on them, we performed a systematic review based on the PRISMA guideline. Using a combination of keywords, we identified a collection of 66 studies, including 327 sampled sites, reporting the arid soil bacterial community composition by 16S rDNA gene high-throughput sequencing. To identify factors that can modulate bacterial communities, we extracted the geographical, environmental, and physicochemical data. The results indicate that even though each sampled site was catalogued as arid, they show wide variability in altitude, mean annual temperature (MAT), soil pH and electric conductivity, within and between arid environments. We show that arid soils display a higher abundance of Actinobacteria and lower abundance of Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Planctomycetes, compared with non-arid soil microbiomes, revealing that microbial structure seems to be strongly modulated by MAP and MAT and not by pH in arid soils. We observed that environmental and physicochemical features were scarcely described among studies, hence, we propose a reporting guideline for further analysis, which will allow deepening the knowledge of the relationship between the microbiome and abiotic factors in arid soil. Finally, to understand the academic collaborations landscape, we developed an analysis of the author’s network, corroborating a low degree of connectivity and collaborations in this research topic. Considering that it is crucial to understand how microbial processes develop and change in arid soils, our analysis emphasizes the need to increase collaborations between research groups worldwide.
Edaravone alleviates cell apoptosis and mitochondrial injury in ischemia–reperfusion-induced kidney injury via the JAK/STAT pathway
Authors: Zhao Xiaoying , Zhang Erfei , Ren Xiaofen , Bai Xiaoli , Wang Dongming , Bai Ling , Luo Danlei , Guo Zheng , Wang Qiang , Yang Jianxin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Kidney ischemia–reperfusion injury is a common pathophysiological phenomenon in the clinic. A large number of studies have found that the tyrosine protein kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is involved in the development of a variety of kidney diseases and renal protection associated with multiple drugs. Edaravone (EDA) is an effective free radical scavenger that has been used clinically for the treatment of postischemic neuronal injury. This study aimed to identify whether EDA improved kidney function in rats with ischemia–reperfusion injury by regulating the JAK/STAT pathway and clarify the underlying mechanism.

Methods
Histomorphological analysis was used to assess pathological kidney injury, and mitochondrial damage was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed to detect tubular epithelial cell apoptosis. The expression of JAK2, P-JAK2, STAT3, P-STAT3, STAT1, P-STAT1, BAX and Bcl-2 was assessed by western blotting. Mitochondrial function in the kidney was assessed by mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) measurement.

Results
The results showed that EDA inhibited the expression of p-JAK2, p-STAT3 and p-STAT1, accompanied by downregulation of the expression of Bax and caspase-3, and significantly ameliorated kidney damage caused by ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). Furthermore, the JC-1 dye assay showed that edaravone attenuated ischemia–reperfusion-induced loss of kidney ΔΨm.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that EDA protects against kidney damage caused by ischemia–reperfusion through JAK/STAT signaling, inhibiting apoptosis and improving mitochondrial injury.
Early life adversity and health inequality: a dual interaction model
Authors: Shi Zhilei , Wu Cary 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article examines the impact of early life adversity on health inequality from a life course perspective. We develop a dual interaction model that considers how both the frequency as well as the duration of early life adversity might shape an individual's health. Analyzing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2014), we show that not only does early life adversity have a direct effect on an individual's health, but throughout the life course it also produces cumulative disadvantages through worsening the individual's life conditions such as less education, lower social-economic status, and less job security. The combination of the frequency of adversity experience and the length of exposure creates an exponential effect on poor health, contributing to the persistence of health inequality in contemporary Chinese society.
A case of perforation of Meckel’s diverticulum with enterolith
Authors: Shimagaki Tomonari , Konishi Kozo , Kawata Koto , Edahiro Keitaro , Edagawa Makoto , Takenaka Tomoyoshi , Ohmine Takahiro , Kinjo Nao , Yamaguchi Shohei , Maeda Takashi , Tsutsui Shinichi , Matsuda Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Perforation of Meckel’s diverticulum with enteroliths is a rare complication. Here, we report a case of perforation of Meckel’s diverticulum with one enterolith, which could not be accurately diagnosed by preoperative computed tomography.

Case presentation
A 16-year-old male patient with acute onset of severe abdominal pain and a localized muscle guarding in the right hypochondrium had a solitary stone detected in the right abdomen by radiography. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a saclike outpouching of the small intestine, which contained fluid levels and an enterolith, with a mesenteric inflammatory change in the right paraumbilical area. He was diagnosed with peritonitis due to appendicitis or Meckel’s diverticulitis with enterolith, and emergency operation was indicated. The perforated Meckel’s diverticulum was identified approximately 30 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. The diverticulum was transected at the base and removed. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful.

Conclusions
It is crucial for clinicians to thoroughly examine patients and appropriately request investigations that consider perforation of Meckel’s diverticulum as a possible diagnosis to facilitate prompt treatment.
Diagnostic dilemma of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): insights from the first ALS specialized clinic in Egypt
Authors: Rashed Hebatallah R. , Tork Mohamed A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) diagnosis could be challenging in some cases and a thorough workup should be done to rule out ALS mimics. Thus, diagnosis should be made by an experienced neurologist and should be regularly reviewed.

Objectives
Review challenging cases from the ALS clinic that were misdiagnosed as ALS.

Method/patients
This is a descriptive study. We registered data of all patients coming for evaluation in the period between December 2018 and January 2020 at the international medical center (IMC) where the ALS specialized clinic is located. All patients underwent thorough clinical assessment according to the EFNS guidelines on the Clinical Management of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (MALS), and the diagnosis of ALS was made based on El Escorial revised criteria.

Results
The records of 30 patients were available for review. Twenty-four patients out of 30 patients (80%) were diagnosed with ALS, and 6 patients (20%) were diagnosed with other disorders (ALS mimics). In the ALS group (24 patients), there are 18 males and 6 females (male to female ratio is 3:1); mean age of onset of ALS patients is 49.2 years ± SD 15.1 years; 18 patients (75%) had limb onset ALS and 6 patients (25%) had bulbar onset ALS. In the ALS mimics group (6 patients), there were 3 patients with multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN); 1 patient with celiac disease, 1 patient with mesothelioma, and 1 patient with cervical myelopathy.

Discussion
The percentage of ALS mimics in our study is higher than that reported in previous studies. This could be due to the small sample size and the deficiency of specialized ALS centers across the country. MMN was the most common ALS mimic syndrome. Factors leading to change the diagnosis from ALS to another ALS mimic disorder were the adherence to El Escorial revised criteria for the diagnosis of ALS, following EFNS guidelines for management, and looking for demyelinating features in electrophysiological studies according to the EFNS criteria.
A method of improving ambiguity fixing rate for post-processing kinematic GNSS data
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong , Zhang Yuxi , Zhu Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlobal Navigation Satellite System precise positioning using carrier phase measurements requires reliable ambiguity resolution. It is challenging to obtain continuous precise positions with a high ambiguity fixing rate under a wide range of dynamic scenes with a single base station, thus the positioning accuracy will be degraded seriously. The Forward–Backward Combination (FBC), a common post-processing smoothing method, is simply the weighted average of the positions of forward and backward filtering. When the ambiguity fixing rate of the one-way (forward or backward) filter is low, the FBC method usually cannot provide accurate and reliable positioning results. Consequently, this paper proposed a method to improve the accuracy of positions by integrating forward and backward AR, which combines the forward and backward ambiguities instead of positions—referred to as ambiguity domain-based integration (ADBI). The purpose of ADBI is to find a reliable correct integer ambiguities by making full use of the integer nature of ambiguities and integrating the ambiguities from the forward and backward filters. Once the integer ambiguities are determined correctly and reliably with ADBI, then the positions are updated with the fixing ambiguities constrained, in which more accurate positions with high confidence can be achieved. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated with airborne and car-borne dynamic experiments. The experimental results demonstrated that much better accuracy of position and higher ambiguity-fixed success rate can be achieved than the traditional post-processing method.
Organizational characteristics conducive to the implementation of health programs among Latino churches
Authors: Allen Jennifer D. , Shelton Rachel C. , Kephart Lindsay , Jandorf Lina , Folta Sara C. , Knott Cheryl L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Faith-based organizations (FBOs) can be effective partners in the implementation of health interventions to reach underserved audiences. However, little is known about the capacity they have or need to engage in these efforts. We examined inner-setting organizational characteristics hypothesized to be important for program implementation by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Methods
This cross-sectional study involved 34 churches with predominantly Latino congregations in Massachusetts. FBO leaders completed a survey assessing inner-setting CFIR organizational characteristics, including organizational readiness, implementation climate, organizational culture, and innovation “fit” with organizational mission.

Results
There was limited variability in CFIR organizational characteristics, with scores on a scale from 1 to 5 skewed toward higher values, ranging from 3.27 (SD 0.94) for implementation climate to 4.58 (SD 0.54). Twenty-one percent of the FBOs had offered health programs in the prior year.

Conclusions
FBOs had high scores on most of the organizational factors hypothesized to be important for the implementation of health programs, although relatively few FBOs offered them. While this suggests that FBOs have favorable characteristics for health programming, prospective studies are needed to understand relative salience of inner-setting organizational characteristics versus factors external to the organization (e.g., policies, incentives), as well as the potential direction of relationships between internal organizational characteristics and health program offerings.

Trial registration
Clinical trials identifier number NCT01740219 (clinicaltrials.gov)
Stress-free-state based structural analysis and construction control theory for staged construction bridges
Authors: Qin Shunquan , Wei Kai , Qin Jingxi , Yuan Renan , Xu Leiping , Dan Qilian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStructural analysis and construction control of staged construction process is a major subject for modern long-span bridges. This paper introduces the concept of stress-free-state variable of structural elements and deduces the mechanical equilibrium equations and geometric shape governing equations for staged construction structures utilizing the minimum potential energy theorem. As the core of stress-free-state theory, the two aforementioned equations demonstrate following principles, 1) when the stress-free-state variable of a structural element is set, the internal force and deformation of the element are unique at the completion state of the structure regardless of its construction process; 2) the stress-free length of a cable is independent of its external loads, change in stress-free length of the cable corresponds to a unique variation of the cable force when load is constant; and 3) the internal force of a structural element can be independent from its geometric shape within the completion state of a staged construction structure through an active manipulation of stress-free-state variables of the element. Stress-free-state theory establishes the stage-to-stage and stage-to-completion relationships for staged construction bridges, provides a direct and efficient method for theoretical calculations and a flexible and convenient approach for the control of staged construction, and makes parallel construction and auto-filtering of thermal and temporary loading effect possible.
Patient Flow Analysis Using Real-Time Locating System Data: A Case Study in an Outpatient Oncology Center
Authors: Kang Hyojung , Haswell Ethan 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE: Electronic health records (EHRs) have been mainly used to analyze bottlenecks in care processes of outpatient oncology clinics. However, EHR data lead to some limitations in understanding patient flow because they are manually entered and not updated in real time. Data generated from a real-time location system (RTLS) can supplement EHR data. This study aims to demonstrate how RTLS data combined with EHR data can be used to evaluate potential interventions to improve patient flow in an outpatient cancer center. METHODS: EHR and RTLS data obtained from a large cancer center in central Virginia were analyzed to estimate process times and determine the various patient paths patients follow during their visit for infusion. Using the input data, we developed a discrete-event simulation (DES) model and assessed 5 what-if scenarios involving changes in staff scheduling and care processes. RESULTS: Raw RTLS data including > 3.5 million observations were preprocessed to remove noise and extract meaningful information. The DES results showed that new nursing schedules for the infusion center and improved pharmacy processes have positive impacts on reducing patient waiting times by approximately 20% and overall length of stay by approximately 3.4% to 4.6%, compared with the current system. CONCLUSION: Combining EHR and RTLS data, we were able to capture dynamic aspects of patient flow more realistically. DES models that represent a complex system based on accurate input data can help decision making on determining operational changes to improve patient flow.
New Horizons: Novel Adrenal Regenerative Therapies
Authors: Bornstein Stefan R , Malyukov Maria , Heller Carolin , Ziegler Christian G , Ruiz-Babot Gerard , Schedl Andreas , Ludwig Barbara , Steenblock Charlotte 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Adrenal insufficiency requires lifelong corticoid replacement therapies. However, current therapies are not able to replace the physiological circadian pattern of the adrenal cortex and are associated with many metabolic, vascular, neuroendocrine, and mental perturbations. Therefore, regenerative and more curative strategies would be desirable. In the current perspective, we describe emerging new regenerative therapies for the treatment of adrenal insufficiency. In particular, we discuss gene therapy and cell replacement strategies. Furthermore, we discuss how adrenal cells might be used as a source for regenerative therapies of nonadrenal neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease.