bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radionuclide imaging in congenital heart disease
Authors: Cremer Paul C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Anomalous coronary arteries and myocardial bridging of coronary arteries are best assessed anatomically with coronary computed tomography angiography. Anomalous coronary arteries are categorized according to their origin, course, size, and termination. Myocardial bridging typically involves the left anterior descending artery and is often benign. Functional consequences of myocardial bridging and anomalous coronary arteries can be assessed with radionuclide imaging. Functional testing should result in haemodynamic stress, either with exercise or dobutamine, and vasodilator testing should be avoided. Radionuclide imaging may also be useful to assess for residual ischaemia in symptomatic patients after repair.
Important findings on tomographic and CT images for attenuation correction
Authors: Cremer Paul C. , Harb Serge C. , Saeedan Mnahi Bin , Buechel Ronny R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography acquired as an adjunct to single-photon emission computed tomography or positron emission tomography imaging for attenuation correction provides useful additional information with clinical value such as the coronary artery calcium score. It may also help to unveil clinically relevant non-cardiac information. This chapter provides an overview of incidental findings, what to look for, and what to report.
Advancing translational research in digital cardiac rehabilitation: The preparation phase of the Multiphase Optimization Strategy
Authors: Kenny Eanna , McEvoy John W , McSharry Jenny , Taylor Rod S , Byrne Molly 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
While digital cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an effective alternative to center-based CR, its components and mechanisms of change remain poorly understood. The Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) provides a framework that allows the effects of individual components of complex interventions to be studied. There is limited guidance within MOST on how to develop a conceptual model. This article describes the development of a conceptual model of digital CR. The conceptual model was developed based on several strands of evidence: (i) a systematic review of 25 randomized controlled trials to identify the behavior change techniques in digital CR interventions, (ii) a qualitative study of patients’ (n = 11) perceptions of the mechanisms of digital CR, and (iii) a review of international guidelines. Tools and frameworks from behavioral science, including the Behaviour Change Wheel, Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behavior model, and Theoretical Domains Framework were used to integrate the findings. An initial conceptual model of digital CR was developed and then refined through discussion. The conceptual model outlines the causal process through which digital CR can enhance outcomes for patients with cardiovascular disease. The model illustrates the key intervention components (e.g. goal setting and self-monitoring, education, exercise training), targeted outcomes (e.g. physical activity, healthy eating, medication adherence), and theorized mediating variables (e.g. knowledge, beliefs about capability). The article provides an example of how behavioral science frameworks and tools can inform the preparation phase of MOST. The developed conceptual model of digital CR will inform guide decision-making in a future optimization trial.
Machine Learning-Based Prediction Model for ICU Mortality After Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Initiation in Children
Authors: Thadani Sameer , Wu Tzu-Chun , Wu Danny T. Y. , Kakajiwala Aadil , Soranno Danielle E. , Cortina Gerard , Srivastava Rachana , Gist Katja M. , Menon Shina ,   on behalf of the Worldwide Exploration of Renal Replacement Outcomes Collaborative in Kidney Diseases (WE-ROCK) Collaborators
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is the favored renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients. Predicting clinical outcomes for CRRT patients is difficult due to population heterogeneity, varying clinical practices, and limited sample sizes.

OBJECTIVE:
We aimed to predict survival to ICUs and hospital discharge in children and young adults receiving CRRT using machine learning (ML) techniques.

DERIVATION COHORT:
Patients less than 25 years of age receiving CRRT for acute kidney injury and/or volume overload from 2015 to 2021 (80%).

VALIDATION COHORT:
Internal validation occurred in a testing group of patients from the dataset (20%).

PREDICTION MODEL:
Retrospective international multicenter study utilizing an 80/20 training and testing cohort split, and logistic regression with L2 regularization (LR), decision tree, random forest (RF), gradient boosting machine, and support vector machine with linear kernel to predict ICU and hospital survival. Model performance was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) due to the imbalance in the dataset.

RESULTS:
Of the 933 patients included in this study, 538 (54%) were male with a median age of 8.97 years and interquartile range (1.81–15.0 yr). The ICU mortality was 35% and hospital mortality was 37%. The RF had the best performance for predicting ICU mortality (AUROC, 0.791 and AUPRC, 0.878) and LR for hospital mortality (AUROC, 0.777 and AUPRC, 0.859). The top two predictors of ICU survival were Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score at CRRT initiation and admission diagnosis of respiratory failure.

CONCLUSIONS:
These are the first ML models to predict survival at ICU and hospital discharge in children and young adults receiving CRRT. RF outperformed other models for predicting ICU mortality. Future studies should expand the input variables, conduct a more sophisticated feature selection, and use deep learning algorithms to generate more precise models.
Investigating Risk Factors for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Loss Among Young Medical Trainees
Authors: Farid Marjan , Kim Christine K. , Spina Aidin , Chen Katherine G. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
To determine risk factors for meibomian gland disease and associated structural abnormalities in meibography among young medical trainees.

Methods:
This study included 84 medical students and residents younger than 45 years. All participants completed an ocular history and lifestyle questionnaire and the standardized patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED) II questionnaire. Meibomian gland (MG) dropout and structural changes were evaluated using meibography and scored by 2 graders using meiboscores. Statistical analysis aimed to identify MG loss risk factors.

Results:
Eighty-four individuals participated, and 168 meibography images were reviewed. Previous contact lens (CL) use (n = 88) demonstrated increased MG loss (P = 0.007). Correlation analysis revealed positive associations between MG loss and both frequency (Spearman r = 0.212, P = 0.003) and duration (Spearman r = 0.271, P <0.001) of CL use. Eye makeup users (n = 112) showed greater MG loss than nonusers (n = 56, P = 0.030), particularly eyeliner (n = 102) and eyeshadow (n = 100) users showing increased meiboscores (P = 0.020 and P = 0.040, respectively). Self-reported screen time and SPEED II scores did not correlate with meiboscores (P >0.05).

Conclusions:
In a young trainee population, where age-related factors are reduced, previous CL use and eye makeup use are significant risk factors for MG loss. Frequency and length of CL wear affect MG dropout severity. Eye makeup usage also affected MG loss. Highlighting the incongruence of symptoms to signs, SPEED II scores showed no relationship with MG structural integrity.
Child Maltreatment Data After Implementation of Hospital-Wide Protocol and Utilization of Sexual Assault Forensic Examiners for Child Maltreatment Cases
Authors: Morrissey Kirsten , Dawson Kaylin , Ata Ashar , Waxman Michael 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Child maltreatment is a significant global health concern with significant morbidity and mortality. Sexual assault forensic examiners (SAFEs) provide a valuable skill set and may be utilized in child maltreatment evaluations.

Aim
The purpose of the study was to describe patient characteristics and trends after implementation of a hospital-wide standardized child maltreatment protocol including forensic examiners in child maltreatment cases.

Methods
Data from January 2017 through December 2022 were retrospectively collected and reviewed on all children under 18 years old who had a child maltreatment evaluation after initiation of a standardized child maltreatment screening process and protocol incorporating SAFE forensic evaluations at a tertiary care Level 1 trauma center.

Results
From January 2017 through December 2022, there were 764 child maltreatment evaluations of 742 total patients completed, with 763 (99.9%) evaluations completed by a trained SAFE. There were 378 examinations (49%) completed in children under 2 years old, 281 (37%) in children 2 years old until the 10th birthday, and the remaining 105 (14%) in children 10 years and older. The overall number of cases increased since the initiation of standardized screening and protocol from 68 cases in 2017 to 158 cases in 2022, with peak of 167 cases in 2020.

Conclusion
SAFE-trained providers can be successfully incorporated in the multidisciplinary evaluation of child maltreatment patients and can add invaluable education, forensic documentation, and standardization of practice in the care of this vulnerable population.
Improving the quality of self-collected swab specimens for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a clinical setting
Authors: McDonald Mia , Orser Lauren , Watson Catherine , Grayson Marie-Odile , Trudeau Dominique , McMillan Kim , O'Byrne Patrick 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The practice of patient self-collected swab specimens for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis is supported in the literature.

Local problem:
Health care providers observed that patients sometimes performed their self-swabs incorrectly resulting in cancelled or invalid specimens.

Methods:
The clinic's outdated visual aids were replaced with new visual aids. The goal was to improve health care provider proficiency in providing the health teaching and to reduce the clinic's number of cancelled or invalid swab specimens. Staff evaluated the visual aids using an online pretest and post-test survey. The percentage of invalid swabs was calculated before and after project implementation.

Intervention:
The posters were designed and printed. In-person teaching on the project and using the new visual aids was provided.

Results:
There was no change in the reported proficiency of staff in providing health teaching for self-collected swab specimens. There was a reduction in staff observed self-swabbing errors. Three percent of rectal swabs were reported as invalid in the 2 weeks before project implementation, and 1.4% of rectal swabs were invalid in the 2 weeks after.

Conclusions:
Providing patient health teaching using verbal instructions combined with visual diagrams can improve patients' ability to retain health information.
Remodeling tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Chen Shuzhen , Li Shiyao , Wang Hongyang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) actively interact with the tumor microenvironment (TME). The dynamic communication between TAMs and the TME is closely associated with tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. With the development of single-cell sequencing, specific TAMs have been identified, and their roles in the TME were explored. With the development of an understanding of the interactions between TAMs and the TME, targeting TAMs has become a new treatment strategy for cancer therapy because of their high plasticity. In this review, we highlight strategies for remodeling TAMs based on targeting specific genes involved in regulating TAM phenotypes, blocking the crosstalk between TAMs and the TME, and targeting abnormal metabolic pathways. Moreover, we provided perspectives on the translational potential of targeting TAMs for cancer treatment, which could shed light on TAM-based therapeutic strategy in the future.
Surgical Correction of Unicoronal Synostosis: Fronto-orbital Distraction versus Calvarial Switch
Authors: Mellgren Jonas , Liang Ce , Buzi Costantino , Profico Antonio , Khonsari Roman H. , Säljö Karin , Moazen Mehran , Kölby Lars 
Published: December 2024

Background:
There is a need for a new, less invasive surgical option for unicoronal synostosis (UCS). The aim of this study was to compare the resulting morphology and symmetry in patients with UCS following fronto-orbital distraction (FOD) or calvarial switch (CS).

Methods:
79 patients with isolated UCS operated between 2005 and 2021 were analyzed. Follow-up was until 3 years of age. Angles describing orbital dystopia (ODA) and the anterior cranial fossa deviation and cant (ACFD and ACFC, respectively) were measured. Key linear dimensions, cranial cavities, and indices were calculated.

Results:
66 patients were included (14 in the FOD group and 52 in the CS group). The 3-year follow-up revealed significant improvement in all angles in both groups, with significant superiority in ODA correction following FOD (median improvement of 5.7 degrees as compared with 3.3 degrees after CS). Additionally, nasal and orbital volumes tended to be smaller, especially following CS; however, FOD resulted in a smaller absolute difference in orbital volume. Asymmetry in the orbital, nasal, and sphenoid regions also improved at the 3-year follow-up in both groups, although FOD resulted in complete normalization of the affected orbital shape and significantly improved overall asymmetry relative to that observed in the CS group.

Conclusions:
This study found that FOD achieves superior overall symmetry, as well as better shape correction of the cranium, as compared with CS, while also being less invasive. These findings suggest FOD as a safe and effective alternative to correct UCS and possibly the preferred surgical method.
“Fine-tuning on AI-driven Video Analysis through Machine Learning; development of an automated evaluation tool of facial palsy.”
Authors: Kimura Takeichiro , Narita Keigo , Oyamada Kohei , Ogura Masahiko , Ito Tomoyasu , Okada Takashi , Takushima Akihiko 
Published: December 2024

Backgrounds:
Establishment of quantitative, objective evaluation tool for facial palsy has been a big issue for clinicians and researchers, and in an era of artificial intelligence, AI-driven video analysis can be considered a reasonable solution for this long-discussed issue. We introduced facial keypoint detection, which detects facial landmarks with 68 points, but existing models had been organized almost solely with images of healthy individuals and low accuracy was presumed in the prediction of asymmetric faces of facial palsy patients.
The accuracy of existing model was assessed through applying it to the movies of 30 facial palsy patients. Qualitative review clearly showed its insufficiency; prone to detect patients’ faces as symmetric, and unable to detect closure of the eyes. Thus, we decided to enhance the model through machine learning process of annotation (fine-tuning).

Methods:
1181 images extracted from the movies of 196 patients were enrolled in the training, and these images underwent manual correction of 68 keypoints. The annotated data was integrated into the previous model with a stack of two Hourglass networks combined with Channel Aggregation Block.

Results:
The post-annotation model showed improvement in normalized mean error from 0.026 to 0.018, and also qualitatively keypoint detection on each facial unit revealed improvements.

Conclusion:
Our strict control of the inter- and intra-annotator variability successfully fine-tuned the presenting model, and we consider our new model as one of promising solutions for objective assessment of facial palsy.
Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus; an unforeseen cause of abortion in Regional Australia.
Authors: Owusu-Ansa Immanuella , Ramadas Manjeera , Jacob Nikhitha , Ayeni Femi E. 
Published: December 2024

Campylobacter fetus (C.fetus) subspecies fetus, a gram-negative bacterium, is an established cause of abortion and infertility in cattle, sheep and goats. Human infections have been rarely reported. In contrast to TORCH infections, this campylobacter species is hardly recognised as a cause of abortion in humans. Since 1947 after the first case report in France, there have only been 11 reported cases in pregnant women worldwide and no published reports in Australia, pregnant or otherwise. The case in this study was compared to the first reported infection of C.fetus in 1947 to raise awareness and educate doctors and midwives, subsequently impacting prenatal and antenatal counselling in these regions. A Venn diagram was constructed to highlight the similarities between this and the index case. Some differences included the time of onset of symptoms to the time of abortion, the choice of antibiotics by both treating teams and the presentation of sepsis. On the other hand, similarities included the clinical state of the patient post-abortion and the all-important history of exposure to farm animals that suffered recent deaths on the farms of both patients.
gaftools: a toolkit for analyzing and manipulating pangenome alignments
Authors: Pani Samarendra , Dabbaghie Fawaz , Marschall Tobias , Söylev Arda 
Published: December 2024

Linear reference genomes are ubiquitously used in genomics research, despite known biases associated with their use. In recent years, there has a been a shift towards using graph-based reference genomes to address some of these biases, which has required new algorithms and file formats to be developed. This has created the need to develop new tools capable of utilizing these formats and performing operations similar to those carried out by traditional methods.In this paper we present “gaftools”, a multi-purpose tool that introduces several utilities for processing graph alignments in GAF format. Gaftools enables users to index and sort alignments, with graph ordering serving as a necessary step for the sorting process. Additionally it allows users to view subsets of alignments and perform realignment using the wavefront alignment algorithm, among other useful features. Many of these functionalities are inspired by SAMtools, which provide similar operations for linear genomes, while gaftools adapts and extends them for pangenomes.Availabilitygaftools is available under MIT license athttps://github.com/marschall-lab/gaftools.
Operational excellence in African markets: unveiling its drivers, processes and impacts through a mixed-methods approach
Authors: Kharub Manjeet , Sony Michael , Gupta Himanshu , McDermott Olivia 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
The aim of this study is to explore the concept of operational excellence (OPEX) in the context of African businesses. It seeks to identify the main themes, topics and trends within the OPEX discourse and to uncover emerging areas and potential directions for future research. By emphasizing the unique challenges and opportunities in African markets, this study aims to broaden the understanding of OPEX and its applicability in diverse business environments.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. Using topic modeling and text analytics, the study examines a range of scholarly literature and social media content. The methodology involves a meticulous extraction and analysis of data from peer-reviewed journals, alongside an exploration of themes emerging from social media, blogs and forums. This approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of OPEX trends in both academic and practical contexts.

Findings
The study reveals that OPEX in African businesses is intricately linked with innovation, strategic leadership, cultural dynamics, global market integration and data analytics. Key findings include the importance of integrating cultural understanding into operational strategies, the role of adaptive leadership in navigating the African market and the necessity of aligning operational processes with global trends, innovations and data-driven insights. The research also highlights the unique challenges African firms face, such as balancing local and global business practices, leveraging cultural diversity for competitive advantage and harnessing the power of data analytics for OPEX.

Originality/value
This research contributes original insights into the understanding of OPEX in African business contexts, an area that has been relatively under-explored in existing literature. It offers a novel perspective by integrating academic and practical viewpoints, thereby providing a more holistic understanding of OPEX. The findings have significant implications for both business leaders and researchers, offering strategic directions for firms operating in or with African markets and suggesting new avenues for academic inquiry in the field of OPEX.
An insight of financial literacy and artificial intelligence to mitigate behavioral biases: a bibliometric and systematic review analysis using SPAR-4-SLR
Authors: Annu  , Tripathi Ravindra 
Published: December 2024

PurposeThe study explores new aspects of financial investment management with technological involvement, providing detailed knowledge for future research. It identifies gaps in the literature and summarizes key research topics, utilizing a precise data collection framework.Design/methodology/approachThe study is structured using systematic and bibliometric analysis with the antecedents, decisions, outcome-theories, context, and methods (ADO-TCM) framework. Data from Scopus and Web of Science were filtered based on Q1, Q2, social sciences citation index (SSCI) and Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) criteria, resulting in 128 articles majorly emphasizing the last ten years. The “R” package facilitated bibliometric analysis, starting with data cleaning and import into Biblioshiny for effective results interpretation.FindingsThe study found that artificial intelligence detects and mitigates biases in investment decisions through rigorous pattern analysis, including social and ethical biases. The ADO-TCM framework revealed emerging theories, such as robo-advisory theory, offering new directions in behavioral finance for researchers and practitioners. The top authors and articles highlighted existing work in financial management.Originality/valueThe study’s originality is highlighted by its use of unique frameworks for data collection (SPAR-4-SLR) and interpretation (ADO-TCM).