bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The verbalization of emotions in the discourse of a multilingual speaker. A case study: Diary (1904-1910) by Vytautas Civinskis
Authors: Girininkaitė Veronika 
Published: June 2020

The article aims to discuss the verbalisation of emotions in the discourse of a multilingual person. First, an overview of linguistic investigation in the field of emotions is presented. Notably, linguistic expression of feelings in every given language sometimes lacks precision; moreover, the names of emotions in various languages do not correspond. This poses some problems for multilinguals who try to express their emotions in L2. Later, the paper focuses on a case study, mainly on a series of examples from the manuscript of Diary (1904–1910), an egodocument from the beginning of the 20thcentury written by a multilingual student Vytautas Civinskis. The Diary was written mainly in Polish, Russian and Lithuanian. Civinskis was inspired to classify his own emotions by his studies in psychology. The examples show that while writing about his emotions the diarist makes use of lexical units from various languages (Polish, Russian, German, French, Lithuanian), often not matching the language of the sentence. Presumably, he chooses not to translate the words incorporated in idioms or collocations and avoids translating the names of emotions, which are especially salient in some given language. The diarist is keen to quote the texts of literary and other origin; therefore, he sometimes names his emotion after the line of a well-known poem or a song (such quotations are also kept in the original). The observed tendency to code-switch while talking about emotions corresponds to the results of some experiments carried out by the researchers of bilingualism. The case study also shows that research into emotion names in the discourse of multilinguals should rely on the results of research from the fields of lexical valency, semantics and psychology.
Politeness Speech Acts in the Speech of Children: Pragmatic Mistakes and Acquisition
Authors: Kavaliauskaitė-Vilkinienė Viktorija 
Published: June 2020

The paper aims to discuss the expression and development of politeness speech acts, i.e. greeting, saying goodbye, thanking, usage of the word please, apology, congratulation and wishes, in the speech of a Lithuanian boy, aged 1;6–2;7, and a girl, aged 1;8–2;8. The source of data contains two corpora of transcribed conversations of the children mostly interacting with their mothers (about 20 and 27 hours of recordings are transcribed). The corpora are developed by scholars of Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania. One of the foci of analysis is to discuss the expression and development of the above-mentioned politeness speech acts and common pragmatic errors regarding the usage of politeness formulas in the children’s speech. Another focus is the investigation of the socialization strategies applied by the parents. Based on the current research by different scholars, the article raises the hypothesis that Lithuanian children in the second or third year of life acquire the majority of politeness speech acts as discussed in this paper.
The analysis revealed that at the beginning of the observation children lacked communicative competence to use politeness speech acts in a pragmatically appropriate way. They confused situations when to use politeness formulas of thanking, apology and the word please and lacked the knowledge of how to use politeness adjacency pairs. The study also shows that the repetition of parents’ politeness formulas was common. Furthermore, the appropriate use of spontaneous and pragmatic greeting and saying goodbye was observed first, and only later the usage of thanking and the word please appeared. However, only few examples of other politeness speech acts (i.e. apology, congratulation and wishes) were observed in the corpus. Therefore, further research is necessary.
The results demonstrate that at the beginning of the third year the children used most of the politeness speech acts appropriately. An early acquisition was affected by children’s familiarisation with politeness routines taught by their parents. The parents directed and prompted their children to repeat politeness formulas, elicited them by questions or performatives and sometimes taught children to be polite by producing metalinguistic comments. Current research seems to indicate that other Lithuanian children could demonstrate similar developmental patterns of politeness speech acts and make similar pragmatic errors as well as being similarly socialized to use politeness formulas.
Forms of address in TV series from the 1960s to the present day as part of informalisation processes of late modern Lithuanian and Danish societies
Authors: Schoroškaitė Vilija , Vaicekauskienė Loreta 
Published: June 2020

By focusing on public communication, the current study aims to investigate how the concepts of solidarity and equality have influenced the norms of public communication in the West (Scandinavia) and what differences can be found in the context of Lithuania, where the late modernity did not follow the same patterns as in Western societies. This comparative study takes a diachronic approach to the use of the pronouns du/De and tu/Jūs and other address forms in Danish and Lithuanian. We examine these forms in view of democratization processes and the decreasing level of formality in the two societies. The question in focus is how address forms are used in Lithuanian and Danish dialogues in TV-series, which represent everyday communication between strangers in the second half of the 20th century and the 21st century. The empirical data for the research consists of two Danish series ”Ka' De li' østers?” (1967) and ”Bedrag” (2016-2019), as well as two Lithuanian TV-series ”Petraičių šeimoje” (1964-1972) and ”Giminės. Gyvenimas tęsiasi 3” (2017). The study covers almost six last decades and analyzes different forms of address that speakers use to meet the appropriate level of formality in daily conversations. The results have revealed significant differences in the development of Lithuanian and Danish societies and formal communication. The data indicates that Danish dialogues have become less formal over time, public communication emphasizes equality of interlocutors and does not mark differences in social status. Communication between Lithuanians remains formal; the results suggest that the choice of strategies in Lithuanian dialogues between strangers correspond to those used by Danes in the second half of the 20th century. However, it may be assumed that the process of informalisation in Lithuanian public communication is still in progress.
«Свет Без Пламени»: Лестница Якова Л. Улицкой И Доктор Живаго Б. Пастернака
Authors: Szabó Tünde 
Published: June 2020

In her interviews and essays, Ulitskaya has often alluded to the great effect that Pasternak’s poetry, and especially Doctor Zhivago, has had on her. In one of the episodes of her novel The Big Green Tent, she describes a first encounter with Pasternak’s novel; the teacher of literature who plays a decisive role in the lives of the main characters reads a manuscript copy of the novel and describes it as a worthy continuation of 19th-century Russian prose.The parallels between the novels The Big Green Tent and Doctor Zhivago have al- ready been the subject of scholarly attention but the connection between Jacob’s Ladder and the Pasternak novel has not been studied so far. In this study, I examine this connec- tion: on the one hand, at the level of macrostructures, the chronotope, the patterns of the heroes’ fates and the principal thematic elements, and on the other hand, at the level of cer- tain microstructures.The latter are linked to the present-day plot of Ulitskaya’s novel and, more specifi- cally, Nora’s life. Nora reads the correspondence and notes that her grandfather left for her as well as the KGB documents about Yakov Osetsky towards the end of her life (and the plot itself). As a result of this, she wishes to write the novel that her grandfather Yakov could not due to the historical situation.The process of Nora’s confrontation with the past and her becoming a writer are coded in Ulitskaya’s text by two of the poems of the Zhivago cycle Winter Night and August and also in the related episodes of Pasternak’s novel. All of these have biographical relevance and present creation as a fundamental element of life, which is closely linked to love and death as well as metaphysical experience. The symbolic parallel of this in Zhivago’s August is the transfiguration of Jesus and “the light without a flame” that blinds the disciples. This symbolism appears in Jacob’s Ladder on two levels: first, in the stage set that Nora creates for King Lear, and second, as a concomitant of her confrontation with the past and her becoming a writer.It is in this way that the fundamental elements of Pasternak’s life and poetry play a crucial role at the level of microstructures: they provide the context and symbolism of the central question of Ulitskaya’s novel, the nature of “the essence” of the human.
A fieldable, high-throughput, cost-efficient high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet absorption detection (HPLC-UV) method for the quantitation of bispyridinium quaternary aldoxime cholinesterase reactivators in blood
Authors: Karvaly Gellért Balázs , Tekes Kornélia , Szimrók Zoltán , FŰrÉsz József , KuČa Kamil , Kalász Huba 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMono- and bis-pyridinium quaternary aldoximes (K-oximes) have long been employed as cholinesterase reactivator components of antidotes against lethal cholinesterase-inhibiting organophosphorous chemicals. Their positive charge poses difficulties in their chromatographic analysis, resulting in the publication of different approaches for each K-oxime. A multiplexed method is presented for the rapid quantitation of 10 K-oximes in blood with its utility demonstrated in vivo. Liquid chromatography with absorbance detection was employed. Reversed-phase separation was achieved on a highly nonpolar stationary phase. Method validation was based on the respective guideline of the European Medicines Agency. Times to peak concentrations and 120-min areas under the time–concentration curves were determined in rats following intraperitoneal administration. Adequate retention and separation of K-oximes with acceptable peak shapes in short isocratic runs was achieved by adjusting ionic strength, organic content and the concentration of the ion-pairing agent of the mobile phase. Chromatographic properties were governed by optimizing the concentration of dissolved ions. Accurate adjustment of the organic content was indispensable for avoiding peak drifting and splitting. Dose-adjusted exposure to K-347 and K-868 was exceptionally low, while exposure to K-48 was the highest. The method is suitable for screening systemic exposure to various K-oximes and can be extended.
The effects of vocabulary knowledge in L2 semantic lexical engagement: The case of adult learners of English as a second language
Authors: García-Castro Verónica 
Published: June 2020

There is evidence that L1 and L2 lexical engagement of novel items occurs in adulthood. However, previous studies have not addressed the effects of individual differences on that engagement. Hence, it is unknown how individual differences may influence semantic lexical engagement gains in L1 and L2 adult learners. This study investigates the effects of pre-existing vocabulary knowledge on L2 semantic lexical engagement of recently learned novel words. A semantic priming experiment, across two consecutive days, was conducted. A group of advanced L2 learners (n=26) and L1 learners (n=26) participated in the study. They were trained on pseudowords acting as verbs (n=7) and nouns (n=7). Vocabulary knowledge was measured via an online vocabulary size test. On day one, participants learned the meaning of the pseudowords via reading 12 repetitions of the novel words embedded into English sentences. Immediately, after the reading session, participants undertook surprise recognition and recall vocabulary post-tests. On day two, participants took part in a semantic lexical decision task (LDT) with priming to test L2 semantic lexical engagement of the novel words learned on day one. The data were analysed through a series of general and linear mixed-effects models. The results showed that L1 and L2 participants engaged the meaning of the recently learned novel words. Previous vocabulary knowledge predicted faster recognition of semantic related and unrelated primes in the LDT task. It is concluded that L1 and L2 adult learners lexically engaged the meaning of the recently learned words and that vocabulary size is a predictor of L2 semantic lexical engagement of novel words within the conditions of this study. The empirical findings provide a new understanding of the role vocabulary knowledge on L1 and L2 semantic lexical engagement of novel words.
Increasing Postearthquake Field Mapping Efficiency with Optical Image Correlation
Authors: Morelan Alexander E. , Hernandez Janis L. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Mapping fault surface rupture in the aftermath of earthquakes quickly and efficiently is critical to both emergency responders and scientific investigations. We applied an optical imagery correlation technique to map, in detail, the location (not magnitude of displacement) of the surface-rupture trace of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence to help provide field responders with information to guide response. Emergency managers need to know the location and amount of deformation that has occurred to effectively allocate resources for critical infrastructure repair as soon as possible after earthquakes. Scientific responders need to know the spatial pattern of deformation to determine where to send field teams to conduct scientific reconnaissance and to found later in-depth scientific research. Rapid scientific response is important because earthquake surface ruptures are often fragile features that do not persist in the landscape for more than a few weeks or months at locations with high anthropogenic or climatic modification. Remote sensing techniques have proven effective at aiding event response efforts by guiding field teams to locations with deformation and damage. We focus here on the utility and advantages of detailed remote sensing interpretations of the surface-rupture trace made using an optical image correlation map of relative surface displacement in the weeks after the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence.
Slip Complementarity and Triggering between the Foreshock, Mainshock, and Afterslip of the 2019 Ridgecrest Rupture Sequence
Authors: Qiu Qiang , Barbot Sylvain , Wang Teng , Wei Shengji 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTWe investigate the deformation processes during the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence by combining Global Navigation Satellite Systems, strong-motion, and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar datasets in a joint inversion. The spatial complementarity of slip between the Mw 6.4 foreshock, Mw 7.1 mainshock, and afterslip suggests the importance of static stress transfer as a triggering mechanism during the rupture sequence. The coseismic slip of the foreshock concentrates mainly on the east-northeast–west-southwest fault above the hypocenter at depths of 2–8 km. The slip distribution of the mainshock straddles the region above the hypocenter with two isolated patches located to the north-northwest and south-southeast, respectively. The geodetically determined moment magnitudes of the foreshock and mainshock are equivalent to moment magnitudes Mw 6.4 and 7.0, assuming a rigidity of 30 GPa. We find a significant shallow slip deficit (&gt;60%) in the Ridgecrest ruptures, likely resulting from the immature fault system in which the sequence occurred. Rapid afterslip concentrates at depths of 2–6 km, surrounding the rupture areas of the foreshock and mainshock. The ruptures also accelerated viscoelastic flow at lower-crustal depths. The Garlock fault was loaded at several locations, begging the question of possible delayed triggering.
Prospective observational study evaluating the predictive value of ankle branchial pressure index on the outcomes of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Ravidas Vishnu S. , P. Samadarsi , G. Ajayan 
Published: June 2020

Background: The study was conducted to determine the diagnostic accuracy of ankle branchial pressure index (ABPI) in predicting major amputation and duration of wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers.Methods: 105 participants (30-85 years) admitted in general surgery inpatient with diabetic foot ulcers during 18 months were enrolled in the present prospective observational study. Institutional ethics committee approved the study and written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. Data was analyzed using R and the tests of significance were chi square test and ANOVA. Area under curve (AUC) of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) was used to describe the diagnostic accuracy of ABPI. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The mean ABPI of study participants was 0.7 with 23.8% participants having normal ABPI. Lower ABPI was associated with longer duration of ulcer healing (p=0.003). All participants with ABPI <0.3 required more than 120 days for wound healing (p<0.001) and required above knee amputation (p<0.001). AUC ROC of ABPI and major amputation is 0.987 with 92.9% sensitivity and 98.9% specificity. Significantly higher proportion of participants with ABPI ≤0.48 underwent major amputation. The AUC of ROC of ABPI on duration of wound healing was 0.953 with 84.9% sensitivity and 98.1% specificity. Conclusions: ABPI can be used as a routine tool in all patients with diabetic foot ulcers for screening peripheral arterial disease so that the decision for amputation can be made early during diabetic foot ulcers.
Islamic Peace Education: Internalization of God’s Feminine Names to Santri in the Syukrillah Islamic Boarding School
Authors: Sumadinata R. Widya Setiabudi , Sulaeman Otong , Yulianti Dina 
Published: June 2020

Amid public concern about increasing radicalism and intolerance among Indonesianstudents, discussions on the importance of peaceful education came again to draw attention. Through a qualitative research, we found a method of peaceful education teaching that is intrinsic and based on local wisdom about the feminine attributes of God which can be internalized by students so that they have a culture of peace. Through this method, the Syukrillah Islamic Boarding School, Cipongkor, West Java, has taught a comprehensive understanding of religion, recognition of different opinions on religions, and feminine characteristics which are essential qualities desired in peaceful education. This article offers a new perspective of peaceful education by adopting a local wisdom concept that hopefully enriches the discussion of peaceful education.
The Effect of Financial Management Practices on Performance of SMEs in Sri Lanka
Authors: HMDN Somathilake , C Pathirawasam 
Published: June 2020

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in every developing country contributing to the growth of the economy in many ways. The aim of this study is to identify the effect of financial management practices on performance of SMEs in Sri Lanka: Special Reference to North Central Province (NCP). Working capital management practices, Investment appraisal practices, Capital structure management practices, financial reporting & analysis practices and Accounting information system practices were identified as independent variables and Performance of SMEs was identified as the dependent variable of this study. All SMEs (nearly 2000 SMEs) operating in NCP during the year 2019 was identified as the population of this study. Out of that, 322 SMEs were selected as the sample based on disproportionate stratified random sampling method and final sample was 245 manufacturing, service and trade SMEs operating in NCP. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire distributed among SMEs functioning in NCP. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics like Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze data using the SPSS package. Results of the study revealed that there is a positive effect of financial management practices on performance of SMEs. Among financial management practices, working capital management practices and capital structure management practices have a significant positive effect on SMEs performance.
Keywords: Capital structure, Financial Management, Performance, Small and Medium Enterprises, Sri Lanka, Working capital.
Prevalence of tablet splitting in a Brazilian tertiary care hospital
Authors: Melo Vivianne V. , Pereira Gessyka R. , Soares Amanda Q. , Silva Izabel C. , Taveira Stephania F. , Cunha-Filho Marcílio , Marreto Ricardo N. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Although a highly common practice in hospital care, tablet splitting can cause dose variation and reduce drug stability, both of which impair drug therapy.
Objective: To determine the overall prevalence of tablet splitting in hospital care as evidence supporting the rational prescription of split tablets in hospitals.
Methods: Data collected from inpatients’ prescriptions were analyzed using descriptive statistics and used to calculate the overall prevalence of tablet splitting and the percentage of split tablets that had at least one lower-strength tablet available on the market. The associations between the overall prevalence and gender, age, and hospital unit of patients were also assessed. The results of laboratory tests, performed with a commercial splitter, allowed the calculation of the mass loss, mass variation, and friability of the split tablets.
Results: The overall prevalence of tablet splitting was 4.5%, and 78.5% of tablets prescribed to be split had at least one lower-strength tablet on the market. The prevalence of tablet splitting was significantly associated with the patient’s age and hospital unit. Laboratory tests revealed mean values of mass loss and variation of 8.7% (SD 1.8) and 11.7% (SD 2.3), respectively, both of which were significantly affected by the presence of coating and scoreline. Data from laboratory tests indicated that the quality of 12 of the 14 tablets deviated in at least one parameter examined.
Conclusions: The high percentage of unnecessary tablet splitting suggests that more regular, rational updates of the hospital’s list of standard medicines are needed. Also, inappropriate splitting behavior suggests the need to develop tablets with functional scores.
Manejo del sufrimiento fetal agudo intraparto con un estimulante beta administrado por vía sublingual
Authors: Cifuentes B. Rodrigo , Quintero J. Carlos A. , Jaramillo de Tróchez Luz María 
Published: June 2020

Se analiza el efecto de un fármaco estimulante de los adrenoceptores beta-2 sobre contractilidad uterina (C.U.) y Frecuencia Cardíaca Fetal (F.C.F.), en 46 casos de Sufrimiento Fetal Agudo Intraparto (S.F.A.I): 9 toxémicas y 37 co diferentes patologías, siendo las más frecuentes la presencia de meconio en el líquido amniótico (23.9%) y el embarazo prolongado (13.0%).Se monitorizó C.U. y F.C.F. por métodos convencionales. Inmediatamente después de hacer el diagnóstico de S.F.A.I. se administró Fenoterol (Berotec) a la dosis de 10 mgrs vía sublingual. En la mayoría de los casos se objetivó una disminusión estadísticamente significativa en los parámetros de la C.U. analizados.