bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do preliterate children spontaneously employ spatial coding for serial order in working memory?
Authors: van Dijck Jean‐Philippe , Abrahamse Elger , Fias Wim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe ability to memorize arbitrary sequences contributes to cognitive faculties like language and mathematics. Research suggests that in literate adults, serial order in verbal working memory (WM) is grounded in spatial attention and is mentally organized according to our reading habits, that is, from left‐to‐right in Western cultures. Currently, it is unknown whether spatialization is a consequence of literacy, or whether the ability already exists early in life but is shaped by literacy in “calibrating” the initial individual differences in the orientation of spatial coding. Here, we investigated the spatial coding of serial order in WM in 5‐year‐old children who did not yet enter formal literacy education. At the group level, no systematic spatial coding was observed. To investigate whether this absence was due to subjects with reliable but opposing effects, we determined the prevalence of spatial coding at the individual level. This analysis revealed that 36% of the children systematically associated serial order to space, with approximately half of them coding from left‐to‐right and the rest from right‐to‐left. These results indicate that a subgroup of preliterate children associate serial order with space and suggest that reading and writing experience calibrates the orientation of spatial coding with reading habits.
SCEPTICAL DELIBERATIONS
Authors: Chevarie‐Cossette Simon‐Pierre 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSuppose I am a leeway sceptic: I think that, whenever I face a choice between two courses of action, I lack true alternatives. Can my practical deliberation be rational? Call this the Deliberation Question. This paper has three aims in tackling it. Its constructive aim is to provide a unified account of practical deliberation. Its corrective aim is to amend the way that philosophers have recently framed the Deliberation Question. Finally, its disputative aim is to argue that leeway sceptics cannot deliberate entirely rationally about what to do because of the connection between deliberating and deciding.
A Florida public health‐based endocrine clinic for low‐income pregnant women with diabetes
Authors: LaManna Jacqueline B. , Quelly Susan B. , Stahl Maria , Giurgescu Carmen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate pregnancy outcomes of low‐income women with diabetes‐complicated pregnancies who received care from an embedded, public health‐based endocrine specialty clinic (ESC) in Florida.DesignThis program evaluation used retrospective chart data to analyze client characteristics, pre‐program and during‐program glycemic control, and pregnancy outcomes of women enrolled in a prenatal ESC.SampleNinety‐two low‐income, pregnant women with type 1/type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes (GDM) comprised this racially/ethnically diverse sample.Variables/AnalysisNeonatal outcomes included frequencies of prematurity, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and birth weight‐for‐gestational‐age categories. Differences in maternal HbA1C at program entry and mean HbA1C during ESC care were determined by a Wilcoxon and paired sample t test.ResultsHbA1C levels during ESC care (6.9 ± 1.4) were less than program entry HbA1C levels (7.9 ± 1.8) for women with pregestational diabetes (Z = −3.364, p = .001). Among women with GDM, mean HbA1C values during ESC care (5.5 ± 0.4) did not significantly differ (t(51) = −0.532, p > .05) from program entry HbA1C levels (5.5 ± 0.5), suggestive of glycemic goal achievement. No neonatal hypoglycemia or hyperbilirubinemia cases were observed in both groups. Approximately 11% of births were preterm, and 16% of neonates were large‐for‐gestational‐age.ConclusionsA public health‐based ESC for low‐income pregnant women with diabetes may positively affect pregnancy outcomes.
Investigation on Simultaneous Charging and Discharging Process of Water Thermocline Storage Tank Employed in Combined Heat and Power Units
Authors: ELSihy ELSaeed Saad , Wang Xiaohui , Xu Chao , Du Xiaoze 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Thermal energy storage (TES) has become a key component in combined heat and power (CHP) generation, which enhances the load regulation capability and overall thermal performance. In line with that concept, the present work addresses a numerical study that aims at investigating and predicting the transient thermal behavior of a water thermocline storage tank that integrates into a CHP plant. Investigations are carried out on two distinct two-dimensional models. The first model studies thermocline characteristics of the heat storage system through a single-charge/discharge operation. The influences of various operating parameters such as the inlet flowrate and the inlet temperature of HTF are investigated. Results indicate that the thermocline thickness increases as the inlet flowrate increases, and consequently, the heat storage/release period decreases. The second modified model discusses the technique of simultaneous charging and discharging operation applied in the CHP unit. Two types of operations are analyzing with (a) stable charging with steady discharging and (b) periodic charging with steady discharging. The results ravel out that the mixing ratio of charging and discharging flowrate (Qc/Qd) has a strong influence on the operation performance. When the ratio of Qc/Qd &gt;1, the thermocline forms, and its thickness increases with time. The thermocline thickness remains constant as this ratio declines to 0.625. In the case of periodic charging, both larger charging flowrate and shorter non-charging periods result in maintaining the discharge outlet temperature of HTF stable for the heat-supply net, and discharge performance improved.
Productivity Enhancement in Multilayered Unconventional Rocks Using Thermochemicals
Authors: Tariq Zeeshan , Mahmoud Mohamed , Alade Olalekan , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez , Mustafa Ayyaz , Mokheimer Esmail M. A. , Al-Jawad Murtada , Al-Nakhli Ayman 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Elastic moduli contrast between the adjacent layers in a layered formation can lead to various problems in a conventional hydraulic fracturing job such as improper fracture height growth, limited penetration in a weaker layer only, and nonconductive fractures. In this study, the results of thermochemical fracturing experiment are presented. The hydraulic fracturing experiments presented in this study were carried out on four-layered very tight cement block samples. The results revealed that the novel fracturing technique can reduce the required breakdown pressure in a layered rock by 26%, from 1495 psi (reference breakdown pressure recorded in the conventional hydraulic fracturing technique) to 1107 psi (breakdown pressure recorded in the thermochemical fracturing). The posttreatment experimental analysis showed that the thermochemical fracturing approach resulted in deep and long fractures, passing through majority of the layers, while conventional hydraulic fracturing resulted in a thin fracture that affected only the top layer. A productivity analysis was also carried out which suggested that the fracturing with thermochemical fluids can raise the oil flowrate up to 76% when compared to a conventional hydraulic fracturing technique. Thermochemical fluids injection caused the creation of microfractures and reduces the linear elastic parameters of the rocks. The new technique is cost effective, nontoxic, and sustainable in terms of no environmental hazards.
Upgrading Refuse-Derived Fuel Properties From Reclaimed Landfill Using Torrefaction
Authors: Kerdsuwan S. , Laohalidanond K. , Gupta Ashwani K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLandfill resource reclamation or landfill mining offers an attractive option to harvest the primary materials remaining behind in landfills or open dump sites. After reclamation, the major fractions left after removing soil-like material are paper and plastic fractions, which can be used transformed to refuse-derived fuel (RDF) as a fuel. However, the variation of constituents in RDF causes to low-quality fuel derived from the reclaimed landfill. The torrefaction process is proposed here to upgrade the fuel properties in terms of heating value, energy density ratio, and hydrophobicity. A torrefaction oven was used to torrefy RDF from reclaimed landfill at a controlled temperature of 250, 300, and 300 °C and a residence time of approximately 30 min in an inert environment using Nitrogen gas. The experiment results showed an optimum torrefaction temperature of 250 °C, which resulted in the improved heating value of RDF by up to 14.12%, an increased energy yield of 107.78%, and an energy density ratio of 1.14. These results demonstrated greater energy yield from the torrefied RDF compared with raw RDF. The hydrophobic property of torrefied RDF was also improved with the torrefaction process due to low water adsorption capability of torrefied RDF that was evaluated to be only one-half of that of raw RDF. The fuel upgrading of RDF from reclaimed landfill achieved via the torrefaction process improved the fuel properties that offers its direct use or, in conjunction with other coal fuels, for power generation.
A New Type of Soft Pneumatic Torsional Actuator With Helical Chambers for Flexible Machines
Authors: Xiao Wei , Hu Dean , Chen Weixiong , Yang Gang , Han Xu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs) that can twist dominantly provide a promising solution for the design of soft robots due to their flexibility, compliance, and easy fabrication. However, the torsional SPAs also face challenges such as overpressure risk and small torsion angle. To tackle those challenges, a new type of torsional SPAs is designed based on the reversible, cooperative buckling of elastomer, which yields a torsion angle of 1.94 deg/mm and an output torque of 26 N .mm with a secure operation pressure. Moreover, this actuator can achieve a wide range of torsional motion by varying the structure parameters, including the height of actuators and the pitch of helical chambers. The relationship between structure parameters and actuator performance is investigated experimentally, and experimental results show that the torsion angle and output torque increase with the height growing from 20 to 44 mm, while decrease with the pitch rising from 75 to 150 mm. The effect of different materials used for constructing the actuator is also studied numerically, and results show that the output torque can be improved by changing the materials. Additionally, several soft machines constructed by utilizing the actuators as a torsional joint are able to perform different manipulating tasks, such as screwing the light bulb, grasping and rotating objects. The actuator developed in this paper is capable of extending the researches on SPAs and offering an alternative for the actuation of soft machines.
Fluid Flow Mode of Nugget in Magnetically Assisted Resistance Spot Welding With Unequal Thickness Plates: Modeling and Experiments
Authors: Ao Sansan , Huang Yifei , Du Huimin , Luo Zhen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The nugget offset is the main challenge in the resistance spot welding (RSW) of unequal thickness plates. Magnetically assisted resistance spot welding (MA-RSW) is a potential new process to reduce the nugget offset ratio. Aiming at analyzing the fluid flow mode of the MA-RSW with unequal thickness plates, a multi-physics finite element model, including distortion field, thermal field, electric field, magnetic field, and fluid field, was created. The experimental validation verified the accuracy of the model. The connection between magnetic fields and nugget shape was analyzed. The results show that the fluid flow modes in the MA-RSW are composed of two parts, namely, the circumferential flow in the horizontal section and the approximately mirror-symmetrical flow in the vertical section. The circumferential motion is intensified with increasing magnetic flux density, and thus, the liquid metals with higher magnetic flux density tend to expand toward the solid–liquid interface, leading to nugget growth in these areas. Finally, based on the numerical results, a process of minimizing the nugget offset is proposed. The experimental results indicate that the proposed process can improve the nugget offset in RSW of unequal thickness plates.
Hydrogen Deflagration Analysis in THAI Experiments Using MELCOR Code
Authors: Flores y Flores Alain , Mazzini Guido 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Research Center Řež (CVŘ) is developing a methodology to simulate nuclear power plants under accidental conditions. A particular effort is focused in the severe accident phenomenology where hydrogen deflagration carries a critical issue for the containment integrity, such as Fukushima Daiichi accident. For this purpose, the Thermal-hydraulics, hydrogen, aerosol and iodine (THAI) experimental campaigns are chosen due to the several tests involved in different conditions. THAI containment test facility is used to open questions concerning the behavior of hydrogen, iodine, and aerosols in the containment of water-cooled reactors during severe accidents.The Fukushima Daiichi Accident demonstrates that the hydrogen deflagration could lead to a significant containment damage. For this reason, a particular attention is given to the hydrogen deflagration scenario. All simulations are prepared and modeled in melcor 2.1. The results obtained showed a strong influence related to some factors such as: the nodalization pattern, control volumes (CVs) number, flow paths (FPs) number, and time-step. In order to assess the THAI model with the THAI final reports, a sensitivity analysis focused on those parameters was performed, which developed four different models with different nodalization.
An Integrated I2C Sensor Network for Transcatheter Heart Valves
Authors: Secord Thomas W. , Koerner Lucas J. , Kopas Robert J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Transcathether aortic heart valve replacement (TAVR) is a widespread approach to treating patients with severe aortic stenosis. A TAVR implant is ideally positioned to access numerous clinically relevant signals including arterial blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, electrocardiogram (ECG), patient motion, heart rate, respiration, and blood oxygenation. Unlike medical devices such as pacemakers, TAVR implants are purely mechanical structures with no sensing capabilities. In this work, we address this unmet clinical need by incorporating an Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) sensor network within a TAVR stent frame and designing sensor modules that can physically connect to the network at various landing zones. To illustrate this approach, we designed and built a sensor circuit board populated with a commercial inertial measurement unit (IMU) that can detect clinically useful metrics including pulse wave velocity at the aortic root. We use two spatially separated accelerometers to measure pulse wave propagation time with a standard deviation of 140 μs, which translates to an uncertainty of the pulse wave velocity of ±0.2 m/s. The sensor modules connect to a customized stent frame containing the necessary I2C conductors. Our data suggest that a fully instrumented TAVR paradigm is feasible using this frame design and modular sensor approach.
Design and Implementation of a Balloon Catheter Pressure Testing System
Authors: Tucker Aaron , Retherford Breanne , Rothweiler Paul , Selim Ahmed , Erdman Art 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Medical device companies that aim to sell catheters with pressure sensing elements need a way to test their systems during the design phase. An example of one of these products is an Intra-aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) which provides mechanical pumping assistance to a patient experiencing cardiogenic shock.
To test these devices, companies will place the assembly in controlled pressure chamber to examine the response to pressure changes. However, commercially available systems are cost prohibitive.
To solve this problem, a custom, low-cost, pneumatic catheter test chamber was designed and built to provide a benchtop platform for experimentation.
In order to control the chamber pressure, the electromechanical system utilizes feedback control and solenoid valves controlled by an Arduino microcontroller. Since pneumatic systems exhibit nonlinear behavior, a novel control method was used to implement proportional-integral control and simulate the pressure profile experienced in the human body.
Adherence of Upper Airway Stimulation in US and German Medical Centers: A Multicenter Meta-Analysis on Adhere Registry
Authors: Lei Jingxin , Lee Kent 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Upper airway stimulation (UAS) is shown to be effective with high adherence for patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. However, the consistency of adherence among medical sites remains to be verified. This study examines the adherence to UAS among medical sites in an international multicenter registry. A statistically significant adherence decrease between 6-month and 12-month visit was found in the study cohort as well as in most sites. No significant heterogeneity was found among sites with either all patients or only patients who had adherence at both visits recorded. In addition, there is no enough evidence that region and experience of sites influences the adherence. This study indicates that UAS therapy adherence is consistent among sites, regardless of region and experience of sites.
A Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fracture Wire Navigation Simulator
Authors: Johnson Zane , Thomas Geb W. , Long Steven , Anderson Donald D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Trainees in orthopedic surgery are required to receive dedicated laboratory-based surgical skills training in their first year of residency. Simulators are often used in this training. Our group previously developed a hip fracture wire navigation simulator to train and assess skill in placing a K-wire within a femur bone surrogate using synthetic fluoroscopic images to aid in navigation. In this paper, we describe design considerations and challenges in modifying the existing simulator to enable the training of multi-wire pinning of a pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture. The design involves changing the bone of interest from the adult femur to the pediatric humerus, while using the same platform technology. Considerations include ease of use, minimizing motion of the fixed bone, and minimizing materials used. The robustness of the bone mounting was tested by running an experiment using 3D scans and surface deviation analysis to test repeatability of bone placement and its resistance to rotational motion after being placed in the fixture. After the new design was shown to hold the bone rigidly, a pilot study of the new simulator was conducted to confirm that the surgeons and residents consider the simulator experience as being a valid representation of the actual surgical skill.
Single Versus Multiple Prototypes: Medical Device Design Practitioners’ Rationale for Varying Prototype Quantities to Engage Stakeholders During Front-End Design
Authors: Rodríguez-Calero Ilka , Coulentianos Marianna , Daly Shanna R. , Sienko Kathleen H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Engaging stakeholders during medical device design processes, especially during front-end design activities, is a critical consideration for successful product design, which includes the safety and effectiveness of devices. The use of prototypes with stakeholders is encouraged by proponents of human-centered design, but guidelines for front-end stakeholder engagement with detailed descriptions of prototyping practices are lacking. One important question design practitioners must ask for each stakeholder engagement is how many prototypes to use. This study investigated reasons design practitioners chose to use one or more prototypes to engage stakeholders during front-end design activities within their design projects. Participants described using multiple prototypes, for example, to allow stakeholders to compare across different design alternatives, and to convey to stakeholders that multiple alternatives are being explored. Participants described using a single prototype, for instance, to probe for deep responses about a narrow topic and to refine a single concept through feedback. These results have the potential to inform design decisions and pedagogical approaches to prototyping use.
Laser Micromachining of Thin-Film Polyimide Microelectrode Arrays: Alternative Processes to Photolithography
Authors: Yeh Hsiang-Lan , Garich Jonathan V. , Akamine Ian R. , Blain-Christen Jennifer M. , Hara Seth A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Thin-film microelectrode arrays have a wide variety of applications in research and medical devices. Conventionally, these arrays are fabricated through the use of photolithography, which can be problematic for innovative medical device fabrication due to long process times, inflexibility to design changes, and the reliance on potentially harmful chemicals. Here, we present the use of laser micromachining as an alternative to photolithography processes to fabricate thin-film polyimide microelectrode arrays. This fabrication method lends itself to an iterative design process as it can reduce fabrication steps and is attractive for medical devices since it can be used without harmful chemicals. Several process parameters were explored and the performance of the fabricated electrodes was compared to similar electrodes that were fabricated with conventional photolithography processes.
Can Real-Time Location System Replace Current Standard for Capture of Length of Stay?
Authors: Enayati Moein , Zanjirani Farahani Nasibeh , Nestler David , Heaton Heather , Pasupathy Kalyan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Emergency Department Length of Stay (ED-LOS) is a crucial measurement for clinical and operational decisions and is used for regulatory reporting and research purposes. Accurate and standardized measurement of this duration improves the effectiveness of decisions and findings. Further, automated capture can eliminate dependence on human task-based data-entry.
Objective: Compare a real-time location system (RTLS)-based measure of LOS against the current standard of practice (EMR); examine factors associated with discrepancy in LOS.
Method: Estimation of LOS using the first and last RFID record in the RTL system, and statistical assessment of their similarity to the corresponding measurement from the EMR.
Result: Length of stay durations from the two methods have very similar distributions, with a slight shift.
Conclusion: RTLS provides an efficient and standardized means to measure LOS.