bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a Targeted Arab Board of Emergency Medicine Examination Preparation Courses on Resident Success Rates
Authors: Anjum shahzad , Bashir Khalid , Iftikhar Haris , Gafoor Biju , Umar Aftab Mohammed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The Arab Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) examination is a critical milestone for Emergency Medicine Residents (EMRs) seeking to establish independent practice. To support their preparation, a five-day evening course, designed in accordance with ABEM requirements, was developed. The course, taught by ABEM-certified faculty, delivered updated and essential knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the course on EMRs' success rates in the ABEM examination over the period from 2017 to 2021.
Methods
A five-day in-person course was conducted annually during the evenings to accommodate the schedules of both EMRs and faculty. The courses were scheduled approximately six weeks prior to the ABEM examination. The course content was carefully designed to align with ABEM examination standards, with a focus on contemporary and pertinent knowledge. EMRs underwent rigorous assessments under conditions similar to those of the ABEM examination, using standardized assessment rubrics. ABEM examination pass rates obtained from the official website were compared with historical data, and demographic variables were thoroughly analyzed.
Results
Data were collected and analyzed over five years (2017–2021). All 49 EMRs (100%) attended the course. The majority were male (69.4%). The cohort represented graduates from various regions, with notable proportions from Sudan (22.4%) and Pakistan (18.4%). The overall pass rate for the ABEM examination significantly increased to 91.8% compared with the precourse rate of 60%. The analysis indicated that variables such as gender, region or country of graduation, year of participation, and initial confidence levels did not significantly influence outcomes.
Conclusion
The findings highlight the significant impact of a face-to-face five-day ABEM examination preparation course on EMR pass rates, potentially setting a standard for similar programs in other specialties. The results emphasize the importance of targeted, contemporary instruction in improving the confidence and success of EMRs in ABEM examinations.
Machine Learning Identification of TSPAN7 as a Key Target Linking Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yu Feng , Yang Shuixia , Dong Yan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Colorectal Cancer (CRC) are significant global public health challenges with a notable epidemiological association. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism behind this epidemiological association.
Methods
Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression gene (DEG) analysis were conducted to identify shared genes between T2DM and CRC. Machine learning algorithms, including LASSO, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine (SVM), were employed to identify hub genes. IOBR and clusterProfiler packages were used for immunoinfiltration assessment and enrichment analysis, respectively.
Results
We identified 27 shared genes between T2DM and CRC, with TSPAN7 emerging as a key hub gene linking the two conditions. TSPAN7 expression was significantly lower in disease groups compared to control groups across multiple cohorts, demonstrating excellent diagnostic accuracy. Enrichment analysis revealed involvement of these genes in various metabolic activities and pathways, including sulfur metabolism, selenium metabolism, renin secretion, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, TRP channel regulation, and efferocytosis.
Conclusion
This study provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying the association between T2DM and CRC by identifying TSPAN7 as a key target. The findings offer theoretical evidence for developing new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies for these diseases.
Green-Synthesis of MgO and ZrO 2 Nanocomposite: Physicochemical Properties and Anti- Plasmodial Activity in a Mouse Model
Authors: Daniel Augustine Innalegwu , Onogwu Sarah Udenyi , Gara Theresa Yebo , Oladunni Amuda , Tijani Jimoh Oladejo , Oselusi Samson Olaitan , Hussein Samad , Garba Hazeezah Mustapha , Salaudeen Aminat Oluwatoyin , Ameh Alechine Emmanuel , Keyster Marshall , Klein Ashwil 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Malaria remains a life-threatening disease, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, with the emergence of Plasmodium-resistant parasites necessitating new chemotherapeutic drugs. This study evaluated the anti-plasmodial potential of phyto-mediated MgO@ZrO2 nanocomposites in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Green-synthesized nanomaterials were characterized using various analytical techniques. In the suppressive test, 25 mice were infected with 0.2 mL of blood containing ~ 1x10⁷ parasites and treated with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bwt of nanoparticles for 4 days. In the curative test, 25 infected mice were divided into 5 groups: groups I-III received 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bwt nanoparticles; group IV received 1.4 mg/kg bwt artemether/lumefantrine; group V received saline. Bodyweight, packed cell volume, and survival time were monitored. Scanning and transmission microscopy revealed agglomerated spherical nanoparticles (42.71 ± 11.60, 60.22 ± 6.54, and 39.25 ± 9.80 nm). XRD showed MgO-NPs, ZrO2-NPs, and MgO/ZrO2-NPs with varied lattice patterns. Acute toxicity tests showed LD50 > 2000 mg/kg bwt. The nanoparticles suppressed parasites dose-dependently, with MgO-NPs, ZrO2-NPs, and MgO/ZrO2-NPs achieving 66.79%, 34.72%, and 41.02% suppression, respectively, at 200 mg/kg bwt. In the curative test, MgO-NPs > MgO/ZrO2-NPs > ZrO2-NPs showed significant inhibition (p < 0.05) compared to controls. These nanomaterials may serve as leads for antimalarial drug development.
Physicochemical and bacteriological study of an urban stream in Bida north-central Nigeria
Authors: Obi Pauline Uchenna , Okeke Susan Kingsley , Achilike Blessing Amarachi , Adiele Nneoma Susan , Eze Simeon Uchechukwu , Umar Muazu , Mohammed Yakubu Manbe 
Published: December 2024

Freshwater pollution by human activities is becoming a matter of urgent concern as it threatened it productivities and sustainability. This study was carried out to assess the physicochemical and bacteriological study of Water from Chikke Stream, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria. Samples were collected using standard method and procedure. The result showed all the measured physiochemical parameter differs significantly (p<0.05) among the sampled station except water temperature and pH which does not show significant difference (p>0.05) among sampling stations. A total of four (4) bacteria species were isolated with three-gram negative species namely; Klebsiella sp., Escherichia coli and Shigella sp. While Staphylococcus aureus is the only gram-positive species. Station 2 and 3 recorded the presence of four bacteria species while station 1 recorded the presence of three bacteria species. The presence of these species of bacteria in the stream is indication of poor water quality as a result of incessant anthropogenic factors such as agricultural activities and faecal contamination around the water body. Overall, there is need to minimize anthropogenic activities in or around water bodies for effective utilization of this unique resources
Antiepileptic Impact of Isoindole-1,3-diones Compounds: An Updated Review on Diversified Synthesis and Modes of Action
Authors: Kurmi Rajan Kumar , Sinha Reema , Agrawal Anurag , Bansal Sandeep Kumar , Lavhale Pallavi M , Srivastava Snigdha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
Epilepsy is a growing concern for the scientific community globally as less than 80%
of individuals experience reduced seizure severity with existing antiepileptic medications and the
chances of relapses are very high with those medications. Therefore, the existing problem requires
more attention to unravel the chances of relapses and adverse effects of available
medications. Isoindole-1,3-diones serve as a valuable scaffold with diverse biological activities,
including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic properties. This review will emphasize
the antiepileptic behaviours of the Isoindole-1,3-diones with diversified synthetic procedures and
modes of action. For this purpose, an extensive literature survey was undertaken through different
online platforms such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Science
Direct, etc. Some N-substituted Isoindole-1,3-diones have demonstrated promising anticonvulsant
activity, primarily by effectively blocking sodium channels. Epilepsy is often linked to channelopathies
involving α, and β-subunits, and medications have specific mechanisms for binding
with the α-subunit of the sodium channel. Analyzing the structural features of phenytoin, carbamazepine,
and lamotrigine revealed that benzene or phenol substitution, along with the addition of a
chloro group, enhances their activity in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and subcutaneous
pentylenetetrazol (scPTZ) tests. This review focuses on the role of specific sodium channels
in electrical signalling and neurological conditions, emphasizing the significance of Isoindole-
1,3-diones and their derivatives in designing potent anticonvulsant agents, particularly in the development
of selective sodium channel inhibitors.
Bio-based Polymers and Microcarriers Improve Stability and Efficacy of Essential Oils
Authors: Ghosh Sourav , Dutta Srabona , Basu Biswajit , Prajapati Bhupendra G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
Current developments provide an overview of alginate electrospinning for biopolymers
in pharmaceutical and biological applications, but their volatile nature and susceptibility to degradation
pose challenges to their storage and use. Due to their innate medicinal qualities, pure
essential oils have drawn a lot of attention to their many uses, such as aromatherapy and medicine.
However, the stability, regulated release, and sustained efficacy of EOs are complicated by
their brittleness and sensitivity. Bio-based small carriers as well as polymers have recently come
to light as a viable solution to these problems. To improve the stability and therapeutic efficacy of
essential oils, this review study investigates the novel use of bio-based microcarriers and polymers.
By encapsulating essential oils within biocompatible materials, such as microcarriers and
polymers derived from natural sources, researchers have been able to extend their shelf life, improve
their controlled release, and enhance their bioavailability. The general stability, as well as
bioavailability of these encapsulated EOs, are improved by the interaction of the natural qualities
of essential oils with the specific properties of bio-based polymers. This paper examines the design
and manufacturing concepts of bio-based microcarriers, emphasizing encapsulating techniques
and the variables affecting release kinetics. Additionally, it highlights the potential uses of
EO-loaded tiny carriers in various fields, such as cosmetics, agriculture, and medicine. This paper
also delves into recent advancements in this field, discussing the fabrication techniques, characterization
methods, and application areas of bio-based microcarriers and polymers for essential oil
delivery.
Tracking Road Safety Efficiency Gains Over Time Within the Gulf Cooperation Council Region
Authors: Alfaki Ibrahim Abdalla 
Published: December 2024

Objective
This study evaluates and tracks the progress of road safety performance in six high-income Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries from 2010 to 2019, using a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)-based Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI). It employs both the constant and variable return-to-scale perspectives.

Methods
Using the DEA-based Malmquist framework, this study creates a composite index for GCC countries and benchmarks their road safety efficiency, which few previous studies have comprehensively examined. The study measured road safety performance using various input and output variables, including the number of vehicles, population, road quality, implementation of road safety practices, road crash fatality rates, and economic burden due to road injuries.

Results
Over the ten-year period, the findings reveal significant disparities in fatal crash risk and road safety progress among GCC countries. While some countries have shown improvements in efficiency and technology, others have experienced stagnation or regression. Top-performing countries have primarily improved road safety through technological advancements.

Conclusion
GCC countries have significant potential to reduce road crash outcomes and enhance overall road safety. Policymakers can leverage the insights from this research to identify key areas for improvement, guide targeted interventions, allocate resources more efficiently, and formulate comprehensive policies for impactful and sustainable road safety strategies.
Character Education and The Crisis of National Role Models
Authors: Sidik Purnama 
Published: December 2024

Abstract Character education is an essential element in building a dignified and cultured nation. Amidst the crisis of role models encompassing the nation, the implementation of character education becomes increasingly urgent. This research investigates the implementation of character education and its relation to the crisis of role models in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative with a literature study approach. Data is collected from various sources, such as scientific journals and related resources. This study aims to analyze the factors causing the crisis of role models, identify effective strategies for implementing character education, and formulate comprehensive solutions to address the crisis of role models in our nation, including: forming a national character role model movement, strengthening the role of families in character formation, enhancing the role of schools, and strengthening the role of society especially in not becoming permissive and being concerned with character education when students are not at home and not in school. Keywords: Character Education, Crisis of Role Models
UPAYA GURU DALAM MENUMBUHKAN KARAKTER DISIPLIN SISWA MELALUI PROGRAM BR3T (BERSIH RAPI TERTIB TERATUR TERPELIHARA)
Authors: Halimah Lilim 
Published: December 2024

AbstrakKetidakdisiplinan siswa SD terlihat bahwa masih terdapat siswa yang tidak menaati tata tertib dan tidak peka terhadap kebersihan lingkungan. BR3T merupakan salah satu program yang dapat menumbuhkan kedisiplinan siswa. Dengan itu, penelitian ini ingin mengungkap bagaimana upaya guru dalam menumbuhkan kedisiplinan siswa melalui program BR3T. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu guru, siswa, dan orangtua dengan total subjek wawancara 25 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BR3T merupakan budaya khas yang sudah melekat pada setiap warga sekolah di SD Daarut Tauhiid, sehingga dari awal pembelajaran sampai akhir pembelajaran, guru selalu membiasakan setiap siswa untuk melaksanakan BR3T. Upaya yang dilakukan guru dalam menumbuhkan karakter disiplin siswa diantaranya menyiapkan dokumen, membuat aturan, memberi motivasi atau teladan, memberi reward dan punishment, serta melaksanakan evaluasi bersama siswa maupun bersama guru lainnya. Beberapa upaya yang dilakukan guru tersebut berdampak positif terhadap pertumbuhan karakter disiplin siswa, dimana tergambar bahwa siswa telah disiplin dalam tempat, waktu, dan aturan.Kata Kunci: Profil Karakter Disiplin, Upaya Guru, Program BR3T AbstractThe indiscipline of elementary school students can be seen that there are still students who do not obey the rules and are not sensitive to environmental cleanliness. BR3T is one of the programs that can foster student discipline. With that, this study wants to reveal how teachers' efforts in fostering student discipline through the BR3T program. This research is qualitative with a case study design. The data collection techniques used are interviews, observations, and documentation. The subjects in this study are teachers, students, and parents with a total of 25 interview subjects. The results of the study show that BR3T is a distinctive culture that has been attached to every school resident at SD Daarut Tauhiid, so that from the beginning of learning to the end of learning, teachers always familiarize each student to carry out BR3T. Efforts made by teachers in fostering the character of student discipline include preparing documents, making rules, motivating or setting an example, giving rewards and punishments, and carrying out evaluations with students and with other teachers. Some of the efforts made by the teacher have a positive impact on the growth of students' discipline character, where it is illustrated that students have been disciplined in place, time, and rules.Keywords: Disciplinary Character Profile, Teacher Efforts, BR3T Program
The Growth of Digital Payments in Indonesia: Harnessing Its Influence for SMEs and Indonesia's Competitiveness
Authors: Maharsi Hayuningrum Citra 
Published: December 2024

Digital Payment System (DPS) growth plays a crucial role in supporting the country's digital economic growth. As a country representing the global south, Indonesia has an important responsibility to manage the dynamics of DPS growth, which is influenced significantly by actors from the government and private sectors. Initially, DPS was designed to provide more efficient and accessible payment services, but over time, the scope of such digital services has expanded. Nevertheless, challenges must be addressed in distributing DPS evenly, especially among MSMEs. Through the approach promoted by the Economic Asian Committee (EAC), this study aims to assess the impact of DPS growth on the digital services ecosystem in Indonesia and the dynamics of interaction between related stakeholders. Qualitative methods are used to summarize information from various sources, including journal literature and data from websites, which provide an in-depth understanding of the complexity of this phenomenon and Indonesia's efforts to improve its overall digital competitiveness. The findings in this study indicate that the Digital Payment System (DPS) offers numerous benefits for the financial system, enhancing efficiency and effectiveness for industrial growth. However, challenges in ensuring equitable usage across all regions of Indonesia remain significant across various sectors. Keywords: digital payment system; global south actor; MSMEs; digital competitiveness of Indonesia
Новгородский и северный тексты русской литературы: к вопросу о взаимоотношении понятий
Authors: Терешкина Д.Б. 
Published: December 2024

В статье предлагается сопоставление двух локальных текстов: новгородского и северного. Правомерность сравнения обусловлена территориальной близостью двух локусов, а также историческим их совмещением в рамках административного деления «земель», губерний и уездов. Доказано, что северный и новгородский тексты имеют разные географические, исторические и концептные характеристики. Северный текст обладает иерархической структурой, в которой объединяются разные по масштабу и специфике территории, тогда как новгородский текст представляет собой «культурный слой», ориентированный по вертикали. Концепты северного текста (загадочность, безмолвие, путь, снег, дом, камень, река, море, Беловодье и др.) и новгородского текста (город-республика, вече, вольность, София, Волхов, судный мост, архиепископская власть и др.) позволяют говорить о необходимости разных подходов к описанию и осмыслению различных локальных текстов, в том числе близких территориально и родственных в культурном отношении
The article proposes a comparison of two local texts:the Novgorod and the Northernones. The validity of the comparison is due to the territorial proximity of the two loci, as well as their historical combination within the framework of the administrative division of "lands", provinces and uyezds. It is proved that the Northern and Novgorod texts have different geographical, historical and conceptual characteristics.The Northern text has a hierarchical structure in which territories of different scale and specificity are combined, whereas the Novgorod text represents a "cultural layer" oriented vertically. The concepts of the Northern text (mystery, silence, path, snow, house, stone, river, sea, Belovodye, etc.) and the Novgorod text (city-republic, veche, liberty, Sofia, Volkhov,Sudny bridge, archiepiscopal authority, etc.) suggest the need for different approaches tothe description and understanding of various local texts, including those that are geographically close and culturally related.
Моделирование когерентности текста с помощью ориентированного графа
Authors: Глазков А.В. 
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматривается проблема формализации когерентных отношений в тексте. Семантические и прагматические связи между предложениями предлагается визуализировать с помощью инструментов теории графов. Выбрана модель ориентированного графа, вершины которого соответствуют предложениям текста. Предложен алгоритм анализа когерентности в парах предложений, позволяющий выявить систему путей в графе, соответствующих когерентным текстуальным группам. Для больших текстов разметка может производиться с помощью матрицы смежности графа.
The article considers the problem of formalizing semantic relations in the text. Semantic and pragmatic relations between sentences are proposed to be visualised using graph theory tools. The model of a directed graph is chosen, the vertices of which correspond to the sentences of the text. An algorithm for analysing coherence in pairs of sentences is proposed to detect a system of paths in the graph corresponding to coherent textual groups. Marking of large texts can be realized applying the graph adjacency matrix.
Метафоры со сферой-магнитом «Музыка» в антиутопическом романе К. Воннегута «Механическое пианино»
Authors: Камышева О.С. 
Published: December 2024

Цель данной статьи – исследовать метафоры со сферой-магнитом «Музыка» в романе К. Воннегута «Механическое пианино». В результате исследования были выделены три фрейма: «Механическое пианино», «Игра на музыкальных инструментах» и «Звучание музыки». При этом метафоры фрейма «Звучание музыки» проявили наибольшую частотность. Музыкальное искусство характеризуется преимущественно посредством антропоморфных метафор. Согласно полученным данным, метафоры со сферой-магнитом «Музыка» функционируют как стертые, так и как оригинальные. В отдельных случаях встречаются двухслойные и развернутые оригинальные метафоры. Оригинальные и стертые метафоры часто являются синестетическими, что позволяет наиболее точно с помощью слов передать музыкальные характеристики и впечатления главного героя.
The purpose of this article is to explore the metaphors with the magnet-sphere “Music” in K. Vonnegut's novel “Player Piano”. As a result of the study, three frames were identified: “Player Piano”, “Playing musical instruments” and “The sound of music”. At the same time, the metaphors of the “Sound of music” frame showed the greatest frequency. Musical art is characterized primarily through anthropomorphic metaphors. As for the structure of metaphors with the “Music” magnet-sphere, according to the data obtained, the studied metaphors function as both dead and original. In some cases, there are two-layered and expanded original metaphors. Both original and dead metaphors are often synthetic, which makes it possible to convey the musical characteristics and impressions of the main character most accurately with the help of words.