bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying lean methodology to curriculum revision and internship placement process – a case study
Authors: Singh Jitendra 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study, examine and apply lean management principles to the curriculum revision and internship placement process in an academic program at an institution of higher education.Design/methodology/approachThis paper consists of two sections. The first section reviews the literature on lean principles, lean tools, nonvalue-added activities and the application of lean methodology to academic settings. The second section presents a case study, where a team of faculty members applied lean principles to the process of curriculum revision and internship placement at an academic institution.FindingsLean principles can be successfully applied to curricular revision and the internship placement process. By applying the concepts of value, identification of value stream, removal of wasteful activities to achieve flow and creation of a pull-based system, faculty and program leaders can streamline processes at academic institutions. Furthermore, ongoing data collection helps to foster the culture of continuous improvement and ensure that processes are revisited and adapted to meet the needs of customers.Practical implicationsThis paper is of value to faculty members and college administrators interested in applying lean principles to academic processes. Usage of lean methodology may lead to the identification and elimination of waste in curriculum and the field placement process.Originality/valueThis manuscript can provide a structure for the application of lean in academic processes at institutions of higher education.
Nitrogen flux into metabolites and microcystins changes in response to different nitrogen sources inMicrocystis aeruginosaNIES‐843
Authors: Krausfeldt Lauren E. , Farmer Abigail T. , Castro Hector F. , Boyer Gregory L. , Campagna Shawn R. , Wilhelm Steven W. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe over‐enrichment of nitrogen (N) in the environment has contributed to severe and recurring harmful cyanobacterial blooms, especially by the non‐N2‐fixingMicrocystisspp. N chemical speciation influences cyanobacterial growth, persistence and the production of the hepatotoxin microcystin, but the physiological mechanisms to explain these observations remain unresolved. Stable‐labelled isotopes and metabolomics were employed to address the influence of nitrate, ammonium, and urea on cellular physiology and production of microcystins inMicrocystis aeruginosaNIES‐843. Global metabolic changes were driven by both N speciation and diel cycling. Tracing15N‐labelled nitrate, ammonium, and urea through the metabolome revealed N uptake, regardless of species, was linked to C assimilation. The production of amino acids, like arginine, and other N‐rich compounds corresponded with greater turnover of microcystins in cells grown on urea compared to nitrate and ammonium. However,15N was incorporated into microcystins from all N sources. The differences in N flux were attributed to the energetic efficiency of growth on each N source. While N in general plays an important role in sustaining biomass, these data show that N‐speciation induces physiological changes that culminate in differences in global metabolism, cellular microcystin quotas and congener composition.
Vibrio communities along a salinity gradient within a marine saltern hypersaline environment (Saline di Tarquinia, Italy)
Authors: Gorrasi Susanna , Pasqualetti Marcella , Franzetti Andrea , Pittino Francesca , Fenice Massimiliano 
Published: April 2020

SummaryVibrio species are ubiquitous in a number of different aquatic environments and promptly adapting to environmental changes due to high genome plasticity. The presence of these bacteria in marine salterns, in relation to a salinity gradient has been not investigated yet. Moreover, it is not clear if these hypersaline environments could represent a reservoir for Vibrio spp. This work investigated, through a metagenetic approach, the distribution of Vibrio (over 2 years) in different ponds along the salinity gradient within the ‘Saline di Tarquinia’ salterns, considering also the adjacent coastal waters and an isolated brine storage basin (BSB). Vibrio occurrence was higher in the sea than in the ponds and BSB, where it usually represented a rare taxon (abundance <1%). In the sea, it showed abundances in‐between 1%–2.6% in 8 months out of 24. Four OTUs were assigned to the Vibrio genus; except for one that was more abundant in BSB, the others were much higher in the sea. Redundancy analysis (RDA) suggested a different distribution of the OTUs in relation to water temperature and salinity. Vibrio was found, even with low abundances, at the highest salinities also, suggesting the salterns as a possible reservoir for the bacterium.
Disentangling the role of extracellular polysaccharides in desiccation tolerance in lichen‐forming microalgae. First evidence of sulfated polysaccharides and ancient sulfotransferase genes
Authors: González‐Hourcade María , del Campo Eva M. , Braga Marcia R. , Salgado Antonio , Casano Leonardo M. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryTrebouxia sp. TR9 and Coccomyxa simplex are desiccation‐tolerant microalgae with flexible cell walls, which undergo species‐specific remodelling during dehydration–rehydration (D/R) due to their distinct ultrastructure and biochemical composition. Here, we tested the hypothesis that extracellular polysaccharides excreted by each microalga could be quantitatively and/or qualitatively modified by D/R. Extracellular polysaccharides were analysed by size exclusion and anion exchange chromatography, specific stains after gel electrophoresis and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of trimethylsilyl derivatives (to determine their monosaccharide composition). The structure of a TR9‐sulfated polymer was deduced from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. In addition, sugar‐sulfotransferase encoding genes were identified in both microalgae, and their expression was measured by RT‐qPCR. D/R did not alter the polydispersed profile of extracellular polysaccharides in either microalga but did induce quantitative changes in several peaks. Furthermore, medium‐low‐sized uronic acid‐containing polysaccharides were almost completely substituted by higher molecular mass carbohydrates after D/R. Sulfated polysaccharide(s) were detected, for the first time, in the extracellular polymeric substances of both microalgae, but only increased significantly in TR9 after cyclic D/R, which induced a sugar‐sulfotransferase gene and accumulated sulfated ß‐D‐galactofuranan(s). Biochemical remodelling of extracellular polysaccharides in aeroterrestrial desiccation‐tolerant microalgae is species‐specific and seems to play a role in the response to changes in environmental water availability.
Mannoproteins from inactivated whole cells of baker's and brewer's yeasts as functional food ingredients: Isolation and optimization
Authors: Li Jin , Karboune Salwa , Asehraou Abdeslam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBecause of the structural multiplicity of yeast mannoproteins, they have shown a great interest as food ingredients for a wide range of applications. The yields and the structural properties of mannoproteins varied depending on the isolation methods and their sources (baker's and brewer's Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts). Noncovalently bound mannoproteins (6.5 kDa) with a mannan/protein ratio of 0.63 and 2.78 were recovered upon the heat treatment of brewer's and baker's yeasts, respectively, whereas sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment led mainly to the release of nonglycosylated proteins. The highest yield of mannoproteins was achieved upon the enzymatic isolation with Zymolyase® from Arthrobacter luteus. The recovered covalently bound mannoproteins were characterized by a higher mannan/protein ratio (13.1 to 42.7) and a wider molecular weight distribution (5 to 10 kDa; 10 to 100 kDa; 100 to 400 kDa). Predictive models were developed to understand and modulate the effects of isolation parameters on yield, the mannoproteins content, and the mannan/protein ratio. The enzyme concentration was the most significant parameter affecting the yield, whereas the reaction time was the most significant parameter affecting mannan/protein ratio. Comparison of predicted and experimental values validated the established predicted models for the isolation of well‐defined mannoproteins from yeast for targeted food applications.Practical ApplicationThe increasing demand for clean label health‐promoting foods has fueled the development of highly functional ingredients that offer both techno‐functionalities and health‐promoting properties. This study reveals the efficiency of whole inactivated yeasts as sources of mannoproteins. Given the dependence of the techno‐functional and health‐promoting properties of mannoproteins on their molecular properties, the investigation of the effects of the yeast sources and the type of isolation methods on the structural properties of mannoproteins would allow the modulation of their properties. Furthermore, the developed predictive models for the enzymatic process are expected to enhance the isolation efficiency of mannoproteins with well‐defined structures.
A hydrogen‐oxidizing bacterium enriched from the open ocean resembling a symbiont
Authors: Sass Katharina , Güllert Simon , Streit Wolfgang R. , Perner Mirjam 
Published: April 2020

SummaryA new autotrophic hydrogen‐oxidizing Chromatiaceae bacterium, namely bacterium CTD079, was enriched from a water column sample at 1500 m water depth in the southern Pacific Ocean. Based on the phylogeny of 16S rRNA genes, it was closely related to a scaly snail endosymbiont (99.2% DNA sequence identity) whose host so far is only known to colonize hydrothermal vents along the Indian ridge. The average nucleotide identity between the genomes of CTD079 and the snail endosymbiont was 91%. The observed differences likely reflect adaptations to their specific habitats. For example, CTD079 encodes additional enzymes like the formate dehydrogenase increasing the organism's spectrum of energy generation pathways. Other additional physiological features of CTD079 included the increase of viral defence strategies, secretion systems and specific transporters for essential elements. These important genome characteristics suggest an adaptation to life in the open ocean.
Building a Politics of Connectivity: Intercultural In‐Commonness in Fairtrade
Authors: Herman Agatha 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFairtrade operates its global system through a homogenising but marketable set of standards. Combined with issues around how to include producers in governance, this has led to feelings of disconnection and disenfranchisement for the latter, which are impacting on Fairtrade’s effectiveness and legitimacy. Through a focus on the South African wine industry, this paper argues that the Fairtrade community needs to be reinvigorated through dialogical communication, impactful participation and cultural synthesis to better enact responsibility across its systemic geographical and cultural distances. “Being‐with” its multiple stakeholders makes space for a more responsive, contextual and connected system. Drawing on the ideas of Paulo Freire, the paper concludes that a Fairtrade built on solidarity through a participatory and decentralised system would allow for discussions of the ideals and practices that are essential to negotiating, and not swallowing up, the shifting “we” of Fairtrade and more effectively balancing its local and global responsibilities.
hIL‐7‐hyFc, A Long‐Acting IL‐7, Increased Absolute Lymphocyte Count in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Lee Sang Won , Choi Donghoon , Heo MinKyu , Shin Eui‐Cheol , Park Su‐Hyung , Kim So Jeong , Oh Yeon‐Kyung , Lee Byung Ha , Yang Se Hwan , Sung Young Chul , Lee Howard 
Published: April 2020

A low lymphocyte count puts immune‐compromised patients at risk of mortality. hIL‐7‐hyFc is a homodimeric interleukin‐7 (IL‐7), a potent T‐cell amplifier, fused to the hybridizing IgD/IgG4 immunoglobulin domain. We performed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐escalation, phase I study to assess the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity profiles of hIL‐7‐hyFc administered s.c. and i.m. to healthy volunteers. Thirty subjects randomly received hIL‐7‐hyFc or its matching placebo in an 8:2 ratio at 20, 60 μg/kg s.c., or 60 μg/kg i.m. The hIL‐7‐hyFc was slowly absorbed and its terminal half‐life was 63.26 hours after i.m. administration. The hIL‐7‐hyFc increased absolute lymphocyte count, mostly in T‐cells, which peaked 3 weeks after administration and then lasted for several additional weeks. The hIL‐7‐hyFc was well‐tolerated after a single s.c. and i.m. administration. Injection site reaction was the most common treatment‐emergent adverse event, which resolved spontaneously without treatment. The hIL‐7‐hyFc can be developed into a beneficial treatment option for patients with compromised T‐cell immunity. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02860715.
Glutamatergic inputs to GABAergic interneurons in the motor thalamus of control and parkinsonian monkeys
Authors: Albaugh Daniel L. , Huang Christina , Ye Sherry , Paré Jean‐François , Smith Yoland 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe primate ventral motor thalamus contains a large number of GABAergic interneurons of poorly understood function and anatomical connectivity. Glutamatergic inputs to these cells arise predominantly from corticothalamic (in both basal ganglia‐ and cerebellar‐receiving ventral motor thalamic territories; BGMT and CBMT, respectively) and cerebellothalamic terminals (in CBMT). In Parkinson's disease patients and animal models, neuronal activity is abnormal within both BGMT and CBMT. Historically, such motor thalamic dysregulation has been largely attributed to changes in inhibitory tone from the basal ganglia output nuclei, ignoring the potential role of other thalamic inputs in such processes, particularly within the CBMT, which is largely devoid of direct basal ganglia afferents. We have recently reported changes in the abundance and structural morphology of corticothalamic terminals in BGMT of parkinsonian monkeys. In this study, we assessed potential changes in the prevalence of cortical (vesicular glutamate transporter 1‐positive, vGluT1‐positive) and subcortical (vGluT2‐positive) glutamatergic inputs in contact with GABAergic interneurons in BGMT and CBMT of MPTP‐treated parkinsonian monkeys. Our findings revealed that interneurons represent a major target of both sets of glutamatergic terminals. In both BGMT and CBMT of control and parkinsonian monkeys, 29%–38% of total asymmetric axodendritic synapses (putative glutamatergic) were formed by vGluT1‐positive terminals and 11%–17% of total vGluT1‐positive terminals targeted dendrites of GABAergic interneurons. In CBMT, 16%–18% of asymmetric synaptic inputs on interneurons involved vGluT2‐containing terminals. No major differences in the extent of glutamatergic innervation of thalamic GABAergic interneurons were found between control and parkinsonian monkeys.
MicroRNA‐4443 regulates monocyte activation by targeting tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 4 in stroke‐induced immunosuppression
Authors: Li S. , Lu G. , Wang D. , He J. L. , Zuo L. , Wang H. , Gu Z. T. , Zhou J. S. , Yan F. L. , Deng Q. W. 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to play crucial roles in the early stage of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AIS patients and further explore related molecular mechanisms in stroke‐induced immunodeficiency syndrome (SIDS).MethodsThe miRNA expression patterns of PBMCs were detected by miRNA microarray and validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in AIS patients and healthy controls. Bioinformatics methods and luciferase reporter assays were used to detect the downstream target genes. Following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and interleukin‐4, the expression of miR‐4443, tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 4 (TRAF4) and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway were evaluated. Furthermore, transfection with miR‐4443 mimic or inhibitor in the monocytes was carried out to gain insight into the mechanisms in SIDS.ResultsInterleukin‐10 in AIS patients was significantly higher than that of healthy controls. The miRNA microarray analysis and qRTPCR validation showed that only miR‐4443 was upregulated expressed in PBMCs from AIS patients, especially in monocytes. miR‐4443 was shown to directly interact with the 3′ untranslated regions of TRAF4, resulting in suppression of TRAF4 protein expression. Furthermore, the expression of miR‐4443 and TRAF4 was regulated by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide or interleukin‐4. Additionally, overexpression of miR‐4443 suppressed the TRAF4/Iκα/NF‐κB signaling pathway to activate the expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokines in monocytes.ConclusionsThe increased expression of miR‐4443 induced monocyte dysfunction by targeting TRAF4, which may function as a crucial mediator in SIDS.
A co‐designed framework to support and sustain patient and family engagement in health‐care decision making
Authors: McCarron Tamara L. , Noseworthy Thomas , Moffat Karen , Wilkinson Gloria , Zelinsky Sandra , White Deborah , Hassay Derek , Lorenzetti Diane L. , Marlett Nancy J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatient and family engagement in health care has emerged as a critical priority. Understanding engagement, from the perspective of the patient and family member, coupled with an awareness of how patient and family members are motivated to be involved, is an important component in increasing the effectiveness of patient engagement initiatives. The purpose of this research was to co‐design a patient and family engagement framework.MethodsWorkshops were held to provide additional context to the findings from a survey. Participants were recruited using a convenience sampling strategy. Workshop data collected were analysed using a modified constant comparative technique. The core research team participated in a workshop to review the findings from multiple inputs to inform the final framework and participated in a face validity exercise to determine that the components of the framework measured what they were intended to measure.ResultsThe framework is organized into three phases of engagement: why I got involved; why I continue to be involved; and what I need to strengthen my involvement. The final framework describes seven motivations and 24 statements, arranged by the three phases of engagement.ConclusionThe results of this research describe the motivations of patient and family members who are involved with health systems in various roles including as patient advisors. A deeper knowledge of patient and family motivations will not only create meaningful engagement opportunities but will also enable health organizations to gain from the voice and experience of these individuals, thereby enhancing the quality and sustainability of patient and family involvement.
Integrating e‐collections following the merger of two specialist hospital libraries: a case study
Authors: Daly Ann , Harrison Sandra , Reed Angela , Yates Derick 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundBirmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust was formed in February 2017 following an acquisition. The Library and Knowledge Services (LKS) merged while operating across two hospital sites. A priority for the merged Library and Knowledge Service was to integrate e‐collections. A literature review identified six papers reporting health libraries that had merged and integrated e‐collections.ObjectivesA priority for the merged Library and Knowledge Service was to integrate e‐collections.MethodsTo ensure equitable and cost‐effective access to an extended collection, an audit of pre‐existing e‐collections was conducted. Electronic licence agreements enabling cross‐site access were negotiated. A new OpenAthens ID was created.ResultsThe integration of e‐collections enabled Trust staff access to a greater number of e‐journals and additional e‐content, and an overall cost‐saving was achieved.DiscussionThis case study supports existing literature stating that integrating collections increases the number of e‐journals. It further identifies cost‐difference in acquiring cross‐site access to e‐journals compared to databases providing full‐text e‐journals and additional e‐content.ConclusionIntegrating e‐collections enables equity of access and value. A national co‐ordinated approach to procurement of e‐collections will further support equity and best value throughout NHS LKS.
Application of the Behavioural Indicators of Pain Scale in patients with traumatic brain injury
Authors: López‐López Candelas , Arranz‐Esteban Antonio , Arias‐Rivera Susana , Solís‐Muñoz Montserrat , Pérez‐Pérez Teresa , Latorre‐Marco Ignacio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo develop and psychometrically test the Behavioural Indicators of Pain Scale (ESCID) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).DesignA prospective observational study to test the psychometric properties of the Behavioural Indicators of Pain Scale in patients with TBI.MethodA convenience sample of patients with TBI, who were non‐communicative and using invasive mechanical ventilation was selected. Pain was evaluated by two observers who were blinded from each other. Assessments were performed at baseline via the performance of a painful procedure (aspiration of secretions) and a non‐painful procedure (rubbing with a gauze). Assessments were repeated after application of procedures on days 1 and 6 of hospitalization in an intensive care unit. Data were collected between January–December 2016.ResultsAbout 134 patients were included in the study. Of these, 76.1% were men. The mean age of participants was 45.2 (SD 17.5) years. The pain score significantly increased during the painful procedure when compared with the baseline measure and non‐painful procedure (p < .001). Patients displayed a greater number of pain‐indicating behaviours during the painful procedure on day 6, compared with day 1 (p < .05). This finding coincided with a reduced level of sedation and a greater level of consciousness.ConclusionThe ESCID scale detects pain behaviours and discriminates among the different types of stimulation in patients with brain injury, who are uncommunicative and with mechanical ventilation, with good reliability. The ability for patients with brain injury to express behaviours is limited because of the low level of consciousness and the deep level of sedation.ImpactThis research will have an impact on the practice of pain assessment in patients with brain injury, representing a first step to adapt the content of the ESCID.
While We Are Waiting for the Superbug: Constitutional Asymmetry and EU Governmental Policies to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Jensen Carsten Strøby 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article analyses how constitutional asymmetry in EU health policy affects EU‐governmental initiatives to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR has been viewed as one of the biggest threats to public health that will arise during the next two to three decades, both within the EU and globally. During the last decade the EU has taken a number of initiatives to combat AMR. The article finds that constitutional asymmetry in health policy has a major influence on how EU‐AMR policies are developed and implemented. Policies relating to promotion initiatives (like selling pharmaceuticals in the EU) are implemented through hard law types of governance (directives and regulations), while policies more directly aiming at reducing the consumption of antimicrobials are implemented through soft law initiatives (open methods of coordination).