bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BGG CATEGORY FOR THE QUANTUM SCHRÖDINGER ALGEBRA
Authors: LIU GENQIANG , LI YANG 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn 1996, aq-deformation of the universal enveloping algebra of the Schrödinger Lie algebra was introduced in Dobrevet al. [J. Phys.A29(1996) 5909–5918.]. This algebra is called the quantum Schrödinger algebra. In this paper, we study the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand (BGG) category$\mathcal{O}$for the quantum Schrödinger algebra$U_q(\mathfrak{s})$, whereqis a nonzero complex number which is not a root of unity. If the central charge$\dot z\neq 0$, using the module$B_{\dot z}$over the quantum Weyl algebra$H_q$, we show that there is an equivalence between the full subcategory$\mathcal{O}[\dot Z]$consisting of modules with the central charge$\dot z$and the BGG category$\mathcal{O}^{(\mathfrak{sl}_2)}$for the quantum group$U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$. In the case that$\dot z = 0$, we study the subcategory$\mathcal{A}$consisting of finite dimensional$U_q(\mathfrak{s})$-modules of type 1 with zero action ofZ. We directly construct an equivalence functor from$\mathcal{A}$to the category of finite dimensional representations of an infinite quiver with some quadratic relations. As a corollary, we show that the category of finite dimensional$U_q(\mathfrak{s})$-modules is wild.
CIDI, SCAN and IPDE: structured diagnostic interviews for ICD 10 and DSM III-R
Authors: Pull CB , Wittchen HU 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) and the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) constitute part of a family of instruments which have been designed for the assessment of mental disorders as defined by the explicit diagnostic criteria and algorithms in ICD 10 and DSM III-R. They have been developed at the request of the World Health Organization and the United States Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration to foster a common language in the mental health field, to facilitate comparisons of clinical and research findings from different settings, countries and cultures, and to improve the scientific basis of diagnosis and classification in psychiatry. This report describes the background, purpose and essential features of the three instruments.
Neurometric-quantitative EEG as a diagnostic adjunct in clinical psychiatry
Authors: Mas F , Prichep LS , Cancro R , John ER , Alper K 
Published: April 2020

SummaryComputer based quantitative evolution of the electroencephalogram (QEEG) holds promise as an adjunct in the evaluation of psychiatric patients. One such method is neurometrics (N-QEEG) in which quantitative electrophysiological features are evaluated by statistical comparison with age appropriate normative data and compared with the profile of dysfunction seen in different psychiatric populations. This paper is based upon the experiences of the senior author in using this method in a series of 88 patients seen in a clinical setting. Neurometric testing provided a unique and significant contribution to the clinical diagnosis or management of 12% of these cases and gave some clinically useful information in another 44% of this population. In the remaining 44%, the method did not provide any additional contribution to the clinical diagnosis and/or to the management of the patient. Six case histories are provided to illustrate these 3 categories. It must be emphasized that N-QEEG is not a technique that can be substituted for any part of a systematic clinical evaluation, least of all for the process itself, which remains crucial. Once embedded in a solid clinical framework, N-QEEG has the capacity to enhance one’s diagnostic efforts and therapeutic strategies by providing objective quantitative data reflecting brain dysfunction. In such a context, the nominative and cost-effective nature of this technique can further adds to its practicality.
Therapist and patient speech in cognitive depression therapy: assessment and discussion
Authors: Blanchet A , Mirabel-Sarron C 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis study examines changes in language markers in patient and therapist speech over the course of a 12-session cognitive depression therapy. Sessions 4, 8 and 12 were analyzed for the following clinical and language indices:– scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory.– relative frequency of predicative verb categories, deictics, modalization and situation markers in patient and therapist speech (propositional analysis). The findings show that language indices change significantly and correlatively with therapeutic change, and can thus serve as one measure of the changes in the patient’s psychological organization brought about by cognitive depression therapy.
Placebo response in antidepressant drug trials
Authors: Beneke M , Rasmus W , Fritze J 
Published: April 2020

SummaryResponse patterns derived from dichotomized (0/1) weekly CGI ratings conducted in antidepressant drug trials (Quitkinet al,1984) were compared with those found in the pooled data from several randomized double-blind trials comparing the relative efficacy and tolerability low-dose flupenthixol im with that of three trieyclics (amitriptyline sr, imipramine, doxepine). Using the configurational frequency analysis (Krauth and Lienert, 1973), the postulated patterns could be rediscovered in our data apart from “early onset persistent patterns” which were less frequent in Quitkinet al's (1984) drug data. However, apart from this finding no “typical” patterns in terms of drug- or placebo-dependent response patterns could be detected in either the flupenthixol or Quitkinet al's (1984) data. It is concluded that there is little empirical evidence for the assumption of placebo- or drug related change- or response patterns. Moreover, theoretical aspects do not support the usefulness of such concepts.
Placebo response in panic disorder. A review
Authors: Merz WA 
Published: April 2020

SummaryA short review of placebo response in double-blind placebo-controlled therapeutic panic disorder studies published since 1985 is given. The main result is that the inefficacy-related drop-out rate of the placebo group of almost all clinical studies grows to more than 30% after 4-5 weeks of treatment and that often the results of placebo responders do not widely differ from that of the treatment groups. Except in some studies with very large sample sizes, the described response of the placebo group will not lead to significant differences between placebo and drug in completer analysis, making last observation carried forward (LOCF) analysis necessary. However, the large drop-out rates may lead to invalid efficacy results in later stages of the studies. As it can be shown that the inefficacy-related drop-out rates between placebo and target drug groups are as good an efficacy characteristic as any other, more conventional efficacy parameters, it is proposed to use the inefficacy related drop-out rate as the main efficacy parameter in placebo-controlled panic disorder studies of more than 4-5 weeks.
Personality structure in the paranoid psychoses of later life
Authors: Howard R , Levy R 
Published: April 2020

SummaryAbnormal premorbid personality has long been considered to be an important feature of patients who develop schizophrenia, or schizophrenic-like psychoses late in life. Schizoid and paranoid personality traits in particular are repeatedly reported to have preceded the development of psychosis by many years. Such personality abnormalities have been viewed as part of a schizophrenic spectrum disorder, causally invoked in the aetiology of psychosis, or even regarded as an adaptive protection of vulnerable individuals against psychotic breakdown. An ICD-10 diagnosable personality disorder, however, is seen in only about 50% of patients who develop a paranoid psychosis late in life. The premorbid personality abnormalities encountered in late-onset paranoid states and delusional disorder are different from those reported in schizophrenia and there appears to be a genetic basis for these differences. The role of such personality disturbance in the aetiology of psychosis is controversial but probably only minor.
The potential role of cholecystokinin in schizophrenia: review and update
Authors: Payeur R , Nixon MK , Bourin M , Bradwejn J , Legrand JM 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe role of the neuropeptide cholecystokinin in schizophrenia has been widely explored because of its modulating action on midbrain dopamine neurons. The recent discovery of more specific receptor subtype cholecystokinin antagonists should be considered as potential treatment for schizophrenia with fewer side effects. This paper reviews cholecystokinin/dopamine interactions in animal and human studies. Clinical trials with cholecystokinin agonists and antagonists in schizophrenia are updated.
Platelet serotonin uptake in patients suffering from pancreatic carcinoma, chronic physical disease and depression
Authors: Modai I , Shaked Υ , Shaked G , Valevski A , Mark M , Weizman A , Jerushalmy Z 
Published: April 2020

SummarySerotonin uptake by platelets was determined in 11 patients suffering from carcinoma of the pancreas, eleven patients hospitalized for chronic physical disease, 19 patients suffering from major depression unipolar type, and 19 healthy volunteers. The Vmax values of serotonin uptake were significantly lower in patients suffering from carcinoma of the pancreas (F = 18.6, df = 28, Ρ < 0.001) and chronic physical disease (F = 21.3, df = 28, Ρ < 0.0001) than in healthy volunteers. The Vmax values of the depressed patients were also significantly lower (F = 4.27, df = 36, Ρ < 0.05) than those in the control group. No difference was found between the carcinomatous and the chronically ill patients. Km values of serotonin uptake by platelets were significantly decreased in both groups of patients with organic disease (F = 5.91, df = 28, Ρ < 0.025; F = 4.44, df = 28, Ρ < 0.045 respectively) as compared to the control group, but were similar in the depressed and the control groups (F = 0.42, df = 20, P = 0.52). Since the patients with chronic disease were chronically medicated, the decreased serotonin uptake may not be disease-dependent but rather associated with medication. However, the carcinomatous patients were drug-free and in this group the decreased uptake and serotonin transporter hypersensitivity may have been disease-dependent. These results suggest the involvement of the presynaptic serotonergic system in the susceptibility of pancreatic carcinomatous patients to prodromal depression.
Bromocriptine improves digit symbol substitution test scores in neuroleptic-treated chronic schizophrenic patients
Authors: de Beaurepaire C , de Beaurepaire R , Cleau M , Borenstein Ρ 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe cognitive effects of bromocriptine (10 mg/day) in chronic neuroleptic-treated schizophrenic patients were studied in a 4-month trial. Ten neuropsychological variables were used for the evaluations. Nine patients and seven controls completed the study. They were tested three times: before the beginning of the study, and after 2 and 4 months of treatment. The results showed that treated patients globally performed significantly better than the controls (P < 0.05), and that the digit symbol substitution test was significantly improved (P < 0.03). The WAIS performance score was also significantly improved (P < 0.02). The picture arrangement test was improved, but did not reach significance (P < 0.07). Verbal tests were not improved. It therefore appears that addition of a D2 dopamine agonist in neuroleptic-treated patients can improve some of their cognitive functions. Two explanations can be proposed: i) bromocriptine decreases neuroleptic-induced motor side effects or ii) has an effect on a putative hypodopaminergic function in schizophrenia.
Neuroradiological findings in post partum psychiatric disorder
Authors: Becker T , Hofmann E , Knoche M , Lanczik M 
Published: April 2020

SummaryCT findings in 17 patients and MRI in one patient with post partum psychiatric disorder (PPPD; psychosis: n = 17, depressive neurosis: n = 1) were compared with randomly selected CT scans in non-PPPD patients matched for age and sex. In the PPPD group, 13 examinations (controls: 8) revealed one or several abnormal findings such as sulcal widening, ventricular enlargement and asymmetry. There was a higher prevalence of abnormal CT/MRI findings in the PPPD group (trend, P < 0.1).
Schizophrenia: comparison of 13 diagnostic systems in a cross-sectional study1
Authors: Dollfus S , Petit M , Menard JF , Lesieur P 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe concordance and degree of overlap between 13 diagnostic systems for schizophrenia, including the five European systems of Berner, Bleuler, Langfeldt, Pull and Schneider, were evaluated in a cross-sectional study (N = 51) taking the phase of illness (acute or residual) into account. The diagnostic assessments were processed by computer using a 183-item standardised checklist and a data-processing program in GW-Basic language. The inter-rater reliability, as assessed by Kappa coefficient, was good to excellent for each diagnostic system established by this method (K from 0.5 to 1). When comparing the concordance between pairs of 13 diagnostic systems for schizophrenia in acute and residual phase groups, results showed that only two significant relationships were not influenced by the phase of illness (Carpenter x RDC; Catego x Schneider), while 24 were. These included only two relationships in the acute group (Carpenter Catego; Carpenter Schneider) and 22 links between pairs of systems in the residual group. In the acute group, no diagnosis of schizophrenia, including duration criteria such as those of DSM III-R, Feighner, Langfeldt, Pull and RDC, was linked to other systems. In the residual group, the operational systems such as Catego, DSM III-R, Feighner, Newhaven, Pull and RDC had more than five relationships with the other systems whereas the non-operational systems of Bleuler, ICD9, Langfeldt and Schneider had less than four relationships with the others. Except Pull's criteria, the European diagnostic systems, in particular Berner's and Bleuler's, seemed to differ from the others because of the few relationships displayed. The results underline the importance of taking the phase of illness into account when comparing between studies utilizing different diagnostic systems for schizophrenia. They also show the relationships between European and international diagnostic systems, insufficiently established so far.
Are genes coding for dopamine receptors implicated in alcoholism?
Authors: Gorwood P , Ades J , Feingold J 
Published: April 2020

SummaryPart of the familial factor of alcoholism is associated with the existence of genetic vulnerability. Genetic factors which interact with the pathogenesis of alcoholism are nevertheless complex, partial and for the moment partly unknown at the biological level. Recently, many association studies have been published concerning alcohol-dependence and genes coding for the second dopamine receptor. These associations, which have had positive replications, raise many questions. First of all, should the inheritance of alcoholism be regarded as a definitive fact? Secondly what is inherited? It could be alcoholism in general, a component of this disease (for instance, dependence on, sensitivity to or the seeking-process for alcohol), a specific pattern of drinking, presence of complications linked to alcohol abuse, or more general features, common to many addiction diseases. Thirdly, how could dopamine be linked to alcoholism? Furthermore, how should these positive associations be considered, given that two of these studies were negative, and that all linkage studies were negative. Lastly, are there other clues and ways of finding genetic vulnerability factors for alcohol abuse?
Alcoholics’ selective processing of alcohol related words and cognitive performance on a Stroop task
Authors: Stetter F , Chaluppa C , Ackermann K , Straube ER , Mann K 
Published: April 2020

SummaryStarting from the hypothesis that alcoholics have a specific semantic network which causes a perceptual-processing bias, we tested 30 male inpatients and 20 healthy male controls. Our modified card version of the Stroop color-naming task consisted of a neutral and critical word condition. The results revealed that alcoholic patients showed a small information processing bias under the critical experimental condition (alcohol-related words); although this was only a trend in the expected direction and statistically not significant. However, neuropsychological impairment of the patients was demonstrated with the “standard Stroop procedure”. The most significant deficits were found in the interference task, which requires cognitive flexibility.
Biological correlates of personality: considerations on the possible usefulness of central nervous system peripheral markers
Authors: Castrogiovanni P , Pieraccini F , Maremmani I , Marazziti D 
Published: April 2020

SummaryAlthough a great deal of biological research has been carried out on several psychiatric disorders, it is disappointing to see how little progress has been made in the field of the biology of personality. The authors underline the methodological problems that arise in the investigation of biological substrates of human personality and review both currently available and putative peripheral markers of the central nervous system that might be used in further human studies.
Placebo controlled studies in acute schizophrenia – an issue of concern
Authors: Delini-Stula A , Berdah-Tordjman D 
Published: April 2020

SummaryPlacebo controlled studies in patients suffering from exacerbation eg acute productive episode of schizophrenia and performed in the period between 1963-1993 are reviewed and analysed with respect to study designs; size of studies; improvement rate under placebo and drop-outs due to inefficacy under placebo. The aim of the analysis was to find out if the reported data permit some realistic estimates for a priori assumptions needed for proper planning of such studies, particularly in view of the numerous ethical and other difficulties which their performance encounters in the practice. Literature research revealed a rather limited number of rigorous, placebo-controlled, monotherapy studies (without intermittent or concomitant additional neuroleptics) in acute schizophrenia. Across comparison of findings from these studies was difficult due to differences in duration of treatment, assessment instruments and criteria of efficacy which illustrated a lack of methodological standards for studies in this indication. The improvement rate under placebo, if measured by Clinical Global Assessment (CGI) appeared, however, not to exceed 25%, whereas BPRS score reduction as efficacy criterion mostly provided higher response rates (up to 40%). Of interest however, is the finding that the response rate to conventional neuroleptics at the end of 4-6 weeks of treatment in some studies hardly exceeded 40%. The most sensitive measure of placebo effect seemed to be the drop-out rate due to inefficacy (up to 100%) and it is suggested to consider this measure and the survival analysis approach in designing future studies. The review demonstrated many unresolved methodological problems in testing antipsychotic drugs in acute schizophrenia and, particularly, the need of scientific evidence of validity and sensitivity of measures of antipsychotic efficacy. The findings reported up to now do not offer cues for rational estimates of the effect size differences between placebo and active drugs after short-term treatment in acute schizophrenia.
Vitamin B12 deficiency presenting as dementia in a young adult: a case report
Authors: Marino C , Grassi B , Macciardi F , Scarone S 
Published: April 2020

SummaryVitamin B12 deficiency can result in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. We describe a young patient in whom vitamin B12 deficiency presented as dementia with only mild hematological disease and no spinal cord disease.
Is depression a disorder of a receptor superfamily? A critical review of the receptor theory of depression and the appraisal of a new heuristic model
Authors: Cassano GB , Marazziti D 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe monoamine hypothesis of depression and its direct derivation, the receptor theory, have constituted for several years a frame of reference for researchers working in the field of biological psychiatry. Although most of the data are derived from animal findings and must be considered inconclusive in view of various controversies, some guidelines may be identified: these would suggest that changes in postsynaptic beta-adrenoreceptors, presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoreceptors, as well as in type 2 serotonin receptors and dopaminergic autoreceptors may be involved in the mode of action of antidepressant drugs and, consequently, in the pathophysiology of depression. Nowadays, any attempt to correlate depression with the dysfunction of a single neurotransmitter or receptor is no longer tenable, since it is clear that depression is a heterogeneous disorder which involves abnormalities in the interactive relationships between neurotransmitters and receptors. If, on the one hand, this new model has opened up new fields of research and has led to the investigation of new systems,egthe GABAergic and GABA B receptors, on the other hand, it has been strongly limited by the lack of research tools and reliable peripheral CNS models forin vivostudies. A possible approach to this unresolved dilemma may be provided by molecular biology techniques, which have permitted the identification of the genes and sequencing of the primary structure of several membrane receptors. It is now established that receptors may be grouped into four superfamilies; in depression, there exists compelling evidence of alterations mainly in receptors belonging to the G-protein-coupled family: it is plausible that depression may be related to a disorder of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. Such an hypothesis would represent an attempt to unify the different receptor abnormalities found in depression or following antidepressant treatments, and to shift from the monoamine paradigm to a new heuristic model. In addition, it would accommodate the various dysfunctions likely to be encountered and would open up new theoretical perspectives in the treatment of depression.
Suicide trends in Italy. New epidemiological findings
Authors: Crepet P 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn a survey of the suicide trends in Italy between 1959 and 1988, a slight increase was recorded both among males (+ 19%) and females (+ 10%). Geographically, the regions with the highest suicide rate are the Northern ones (up to twice the national average). The age groups with the highest suicide risk are those over 74 years. Gender distribution differences show that among females over the age of 65, the suicide rate rose by 70% between 1974 and 1989,versus77% for males of the same age. Between 1978 and 1989, the suicide rate among people in search of a first job rose by 25%; among the employed it rose by 37%, while among people in search of a new job it rose by 594%. The highest specific suicide rale was recorded among the divorced (32.4 × 100000), while ihe level of education with the highest suicide rate is the secondary school (9 × 100000). Suicide methods include hanging (30%), jumping (22.4%) and firearms (11.5%).