bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Progress of High‐Performance Organic Material Pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐Tetraone in Secondary Batteries
Authors: Cui Haixia , Hu Pandeng , Zhang Yi , Huang Weiwei , Li Adan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConjugated carbonyl electrode materials have attracted much attention because of their ability to store various cations, relatively high theoretical capacity, designability, and sustainability. In this Minireview, pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone (PTO) with four carbonyl functional groups served as the electrode material in secondary batteries. It exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, such as high theoretical specific capacity, high redox potential, and the high utility of active sites. Currently, there are many kinds of optimizations to address the high solubility of PTO in organic electrolytes and improve cycle stability. Forming polymers, immobilizing with carbon materials, changing polarity to form salts, and optimizing electrolytes, such as all‐solid‐state electrolytes, are mainly summarized. We hope this Minireview can provide a guideline for the development of high‐performance secondary batteries using PTO.
BL‐8040 CXCR4 antagonist is safe and demonstrates antileukemic activity in combination with cytarabine for the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myelogenous leukemia: An open‐label safety and efficacy phase 2a study
Authors: Borthakur Gautam , Ofran Yishai , Tallman Martin S. , Foran James , Uy Geoffrey L. , DiPersio John F. , Showel Margaret M. , Shimoni Avichai , Nagler Arnon , Rowe Jacob M. , Altman Jessica K. , Abraham Michal , Peled Amnon , Shaw Stephen , Bohana‐Kashtan Osnat , Sorani Ella , Pereg Yaron , Foley‐Comer Adam , Oberkovitz Galia , Lustig Tzipi M. , Glicko‐Kabir Irit , Aharon Arnon , Vainstein‐Haras Abi , Kadosh Shaul E. , Samara Emil , Al‐Rawi Ahmed N. , Pemmaraju Naveen , Bueso‐Ramos Carlos , Cortes Jorge E. , Andreeff Michael 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundCXCR4 mediates the retention and survival of acute myelogenous leukemia blasts in bone marrow and contributes to their resistance to chemotherapy. The authors evaluated a combination of the high‐affinity CXCR4 antagonist BL‐8040 with high‐dose cytarabine (HiDAC) chemotherapy in a phase 2a study of patients with relapsed and refractory AML.MethodsForty‐two patients received treatment with BL‐8040 monotherapy for 2 days followed by a combination of BL‐8040 with HiDAC for 5 days. Six escalating BL‐8040 dose levels were investigated (0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/kg), and 1.5 mg/kg was selected as the dose for the expansion phase (n = 23).ResultsBL‐8040 in combination with HiDAC was safe and well tolerated at all dose levels. Clinical response was observed with BL‐8040 doses ≥1.0 mg/kg. The composite response rate (complete remissions plus complete remissions with incomplete hematologic recovery of platelets or neutrophils) was 29% (12 of 42) in all patients and 39% (9 of 23) in the 1.5‐mg/kg phase. The median overall survival was 8.4 months for all patients, 10.8 months in the 1.5‐mg/kg phase, and 21.8 months for responding patients in the 1.5‐mg/kg cohort. Two days of BL‐8040 monotherapy triggered the mobilization of blasts into peripheral blood, with significantly higher mean fold‐changes in responders versus nonresponders. This was accompanied by a decrease in bone marrow blasts.ConclusionsThe current results demonstrate the efficacy of CXCR4 targeting with BL‐8040 and support continued clinical development in acute myelogenous leukemia.
Doping in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC): A 4‐year epidemiological analysis
Authors: Fares Mohamad Y. , Baydoun Hasan , Salhab Hamza A. , Khachfe Hussein H. , Fares Youssef , Fares Jawad , Abboud Joseph A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDoping is a practice that is present in many sports and organizations, including mixed martial arts and the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). The aim of this study is to explore the epidemiological patterns of doping among UFC athletes.MethodsWe screened the official United‐States‐Anti‐Doping‐Agency® (USADA) website, the annual USADA reports and the official UFC website for information on fighters and anti‐doping rule violations (ADRVs). Our dataset included gender, age, weight class, testing numbers, date of ADRV, type of ADRV, and duration of suspension. Appropriate statistical tests were conducted to assess for statistical significance.ResultsUSADA tested 1070 UFC athletes 2624 times as of late 2015 up till the end of 2019 (N = 1070). A total of 209 adverse findings were recorded; out of which, 102 ADRVs were committed by 93 athletes (8.7%) from all weight divisions. This constituted an adverse finding rate of 16.55 per 1000 test and an ADRV rate of 8.08 per1000 test. Mean age of sanctioned athletes was 32 years. Use of anabolic steroids was significantly the most common ADRV recorded (p = 0.018). The men's heavyweight division had an ADRV rate of 19.3 per 1000 tests, significantly higher than that of women's bantamweight division at 2 per 1000 tests (p = 0.03), women's featherweight division at 0 per 1000 tests (p = 0.009), and men's flyweight division at 3 per 1000 tests (p = 0.035). ADRV rate showed a significantly increasing trend among men's weight divisions (p < 0.001).ConclusionDoping is present in mixed martial arts. Increasing testing numbers, raising awareness and education on the risks of doping, and conducting further research on the issue is key to help resolve this problem.
Impact of tricuspid regurgitation on survival in patients with cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Fagot Jerome , Lavie‐Badie Yoan , Blanchard Virginie , Fournier Pauline , Galinier Michel , Carrié Didier , Lairez Olivier , Cariou Eve ,   Toulouse Amyloidosis Research Network collaborators
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common finding and has been associated with poorer outcome in patients with heart failure. This study sought to investigate the prognostic value of TR in patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA).Methods and resultsTwo‐hundred and eighty‐three patients with CA—172 (61%) wild‐type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt) and 111 (39%) light‐chain amyloidosis (AL)—were consecutively enrolled between December 2010 and September 2019. Transthoracic echocardiographies at time of diagnosis were reviewed to establish the presence and severity of TR and its relationship with all‐cause mortality during patients' follow‐up. Seventy‐four (26%) patients had a moderate‐to‐severe TR. Moderate‐to‐severe TR was associated with New York Heart Association status (P < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (P = 0.003), greater levels of natriuretic peptides (P = 0.002), worst renal function (P = 0.03), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (P = 0.02), reduced right ventricular systolic function (P = 0.001), thicker tricuspid leaflets (P = 0.019), greater tricuspid annulus diameter (P = 0.001), greater pulmonary artery pressure (P = 0.001), greater doses of furosemide (P = 0.001), and anti‐aldosterone (P = 0.01) and more anticoagulant treatment (P = 0.001). One hundred and thirty‐four (47%) patients met the primary endpoint of all‐cause mortality. After multivariate Cox analysis, moderate‐to‐severe TR was significantly associated with mortality [hazard ratio 1.89, 95% confidence interval (1.01–3.51), P = 0.044] in patients with ATTRwt. There was no correlation between TR and death [hazard ratio 0.84, 95% confidence interval (0.46–1.51), P = 0.562] in patients with AL.ConclusionsModerate‐to‐severe TR is frequent in CA, and it is an independent prognosis factor in patients with ATTRwt but not in patients with AL.
Late gadolinium enhancement for re‐worsening left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Nabeta Takeru , Ishii Shunsuke , Ikeda Yuki , Maemura Kenji , Oki Takumi , Yazaki Mayu , Fujita Teppei , Naruke Takashi , Inomata Takayuki , Ako Junya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical parameters including late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) of cardiovascular magnetic resonance to predict re‐worsening of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).Methods and resultsWe included 138 patients with recent‐onset DCM who had an LVEF <45% and underwent LGE of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging at diagnosis and echocardiography at the yearly follow‐up [median 6 (4–8.3) years]. Initial LVEF recovery was defined as LVEF increase >10% from baseline, resulting in LVEF ≧45% after treatment. The patients were divided into three groups: (i) improved (n = 83, 60%), defined as those with sustained LVEF ≧45%; (ii) re‐worsening (n = 39, 28%), those with >5% decrease and LVEF <45% after the initial LVEF recovery; and (iii) not‐improved (n = 16, 12%), those without initial LVEF recovery. The primary endpoint was a composite of hospitalization for heart failure or sudden cardiac death. In baseline, LGE was observed in 70 patients. The LGE area was significantly larger in the re‐worsening and not‐improved groups than that in the improved group (P < 0.001). Loess curves of long‐term LVEF trajectories showed that LVEF in the re‐worsening group increased in the first 2 years and slowly declined thereafter. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that LGE area [odds ratio (OR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.16, P = 0.004], B‐type natriuretic peptide (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.05–2.21, P = 0.030) level at the initial recovery, and LVEF (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86–0.97, P = 0.004) at the initial LVEF recovery were independent predictors of re‐worsening of LVEF. During a median follow‐up of 2273 (interquartile range: 1634–3191) days, the primary endpoint was observed in 31 (22%) patients. Univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis demonstrated that the risk of experiencing the primary event in the re‐worsening group was significantly higher (hazard ratio: 4.30, 95% CI 1.63–11.31, P = 0.003) than that in the improved group and was lower than that in the not‐improved group (hazard ratio: 0.33, 95% CI 0.15–0.72, P = 0.006).ConclusionsRe‐worsening of LVEF was observed in 28% of patients with recent‐onset DCM who showed an initial improvement in LVEF. High LGE burden, higher B‐type natriuretic peptide level, and lower LVEF at the initial LVEF recovery were independent predictors of re‐worsening of LVEF in patients with DCM. Careful observation is recommended for patients with a high risk for re‐worsening of LVEF, even in those with an initial LVEF recovery.
Pathway-Based Approaches for Assessing Biological Hazards of Complex Mixtures of Contaminants: A Case Study in the Maumee River
Authors: Ankley G.T. , Berninger J.P. , Blackwell B.R. , Cavallin J.E. , Collette T.W. , Ekman D.R. , Fay K.A. , Feifarek D.J. , Jensen K.M. , Kahl M.D. , Mosley J.D. , Poole S.T. , Randolph E.C. , Rearick D. , Schroeder A.L. , Swintek J. , Villeneuve D.L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Assessment of ecological risks of chemicals in the field usually involves complex mixtures of known and unknown compounds. We describe the use of pathway-based chemical and biological approaches to assess the risk of chemical mixtures in the Maumee River (OH, USA), which receives a variety of agricultural and urban inputs. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were deployed in cages for 4 d at a gradient of sites along the river and adjoining tributaries in 2012 and during 2 periods (April and June) in 2016, in conjunction with an automated system to collect composite water samples. More than 100 industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides were detected in water at some of the study sites, with the greatest number typically found near domestic wastewater treatment plants. In 2016, there was an increase in concentrations of several herbicides from April to June at upstream agricultural sites. A comparison of chemical concentrations in site water with single chemical data from vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) assays suggested the potential for perturbation of multiple biological pathways, including several associated with induction or inhibition of different cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes. This was consistent with direct effects of water extracts in an HTS assay and induction of hepatic CYPs in caged fish. Targeted in vitro assays and measurements in the caged fish suggested minimal effects on endocrine function (e.g., estrogenicity). A nontargeted mass spectroscopy-based analysis suggested that hepatic endogenous metabolite profiles in caged fish covaried strongly with the occurrence of pesticides and pesticide degradates. These studies demonstrate the application of an integrated suite of measurements to help understand the effects of complex chemical mixtures in the field. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1098–1122. © 2020 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Abstract
Pathway-based approaches for the assessment of the biological hazards of complex mixtures of contaminants. USEPA = US Environmental Protection Agency.
Approaches to Test the Neurotoxicity of Environmental Contaminants in the Zebrafish Model: From Behavior to Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Fitzgerald Jennifer A. , Könemann Sarah , Krümpelmann Laura , Županič Anže , vom Berg Colette 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The occurrence of neuroactive chemicals in the aquatic environment is on the rise and poses a potential threat to aquatic biota of currently unpredictable outcome. In particular, subtle changes caused by these chemicals to an organism's sensation or behavior are difficult to tackle with current test systems that focus on rodents or with in vitro test systems that omit whole-animal responses. In recent years, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a popular model organism for toxicological studies and testing strategies, such as the standardized use of zebrafish early life stages in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's guideline 236. In terms of neurotoxicity, the zebrafish provides a powerful model to investigate changes to the nervous system from several different angles, offering the ability to tackle the mechanisms of action of chemicals in detail. The mechanistic understanding gained through the analysis of this model species provides a good basic knowledge of how neuroactive chemicals might interact with a teleost nervous system. Such information can help infer potential effects occurring to other species exposed to neuroactive chemicals in their aquatic environment and predicting potential risks of a chemical for the aquatic ecosystem. In the present article, we highlight approaches ranging from behavioral to structural, functional, and molecular analysis of the larval zebrafish nervous system, providing a holistic view of potential neurotoxic outcomes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:989–1006. © 2020 SETAC
Effect of pretreatment by supercritical fluids on antioxidant activity of protein hydrolyzate from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
Authors: Olivera‐Montenegro Luis , Best Ivan , Gil‐Saldarriaga Alonso 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe effect of two pretreatments on the antioxidant activity was evaluated in quinoa protein hydrolysate, using supercritical CO2 extraction and ethanol as cosolvent, this type of pretreatment was compared to a conventional petroleum ether extraction method without recovery of bioactive compounds. The extractions were carried out at a temperature of 55°C and a pressure of 23 MPa using ethanol (7–8 g quinoa/100 ml); the CO2 mass flow was 35 g/min, the extraction time was 240 min and the particle size was 500 µm, enzyme COROLASE® 7089 was applied for enzymatic hydrolysis, finally ABTS test assessed antioxidant activity. A significant effect was found on the degree of hydrolysis (23.93%) and antioxidant activity (1,181.64 μmol TE/g protein) compared to a conventional method (24.33%) and (1,448.84 μmol TE/g protein). In conclusion, our results suggest that the use of supercritical CO2 and the addition of ethanol as cosolvent are the interesting green technology, to recovery oil and separate phenolic compounds prior to enzymatic hydrolysis to avoid interference with biological activities from quinoa protein hydrolysates, and shows highest antioxidant activity to be incorporate in food products.
Effects of cold air dehydration on icefish water dynamics and macromolecular oxidation measured by low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Zhu Yingying , Zhang Li , Lin Zhuyi , Zhang Zhonghui , Cao Yeting , Ru Hua , Yan Jun , Li Shuxian , Li Zhong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe have used low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging to measure water dynamics and migration, color, and texture profile (TPA) of icefish dried with hot and cold air methods. Relaxation time of T21, T22, and T23, and the peak area of A22 and A23 decreased significantly during drying. The water signal intensity decreased from the surface to inner regions during drying. Color parameters of L* and b* values increased significantly, TPA parameters of hardness increased, cohesiveness decreased significantly, and moisture content decreased significantly during drying. We observed correlations between the moisture content, TPA, color, and NMR parameters. In addition, we found lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and carbonyl content of the dried icefish with cold air compared with hot air. The cold air drying method yielded better sensory quality, and LF‐NMR was a useful nondestructive method to determine the degree of drying and the quality of icefish.
A quasi‐experimental study of the effectiveness of the Reitman Centre CARERS group intervention on family caregivers of persons with dementia
Authors: Sadavoy Joel , Sajedinejad Sima , Chiu Mary 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Reitman Centre CARERS program on key outcomes in family caregivers (CGs) of people with dementia (PWD). The Reitman Centre CARERS program is an innovative, group psychotherapeutic skills‐training intervention based on integrated problem solving techniques (PST), simulation learning and group psychotherapy designed to address each CGs' unique situation.MethodFamily CGs of PWD (n = 264) that were referred to Reitman Center and the partner sites were evaluated before and after completion of the 8‐week CARERS program in comparison with a wait‐list control group (n = 83) who received regular care in a quasi‐experimental, non‐randomized, multiple group, multisite trial. General linear model was used to compare the results after adjusting for baseline measures and changes in the care recipients' daily activities (Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living).ResultsThe results indicated the effectiveness and superiority of the CARERS program over usual care on measures of CG's perceived stress, depression, burden, competence, role overload, emotion and avoidance‐focused coping.ConclusionThe CARERS program as a multi‐component intervention is an effective intervention that significantly improves functioning, coping skills and well‐being of dementia CGs.
Family caregivers' distress responses to daily behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: The moderating role of relationship quality
Authors: Chunga Richard E. , Kim Kyungmin , Liu Yin , Zarit Steven H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesBehavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are associated with distress among caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD), but less is known about how relationship quality may buffer this association. This study examines the association between daily BPSD and daily perceived distress among family caregivers and the moderating role of relationship quality.MethodsData were from 173 family caregivers of PWD from the Daily Stress and Health study. Relationship quality was assessed at the baseline interview; then on each of the 8 following consecutive days, caregivers reported frequency of daily BPSD (six domains) and their respective distress (calculated as daily distress sum and daily distress mean scores) through daily evening phone interviews at home. A 2‐level multilevel model approach was employed to differentiate within‐person (WP) and between‐person (BP) effects.ResultsGreater daily BPSD occurrence was associated with higher daily distress (sum and mean scores) at WP and BP levels. However, relationship quality moderated the association between daily BPSD occurrence and daily distress sum scores at both WP and BP levels. Caregivers who reported better relationship quality with the PWD had lower levels of daily distress sum scores in response to daily BPSD occurrence, compared to their counterparts with poorer relationship quality.ConclusionsThis study revealed that relationship quality attenuated the effect of daily BPSD occurrence on caregivers' distress. Future dementia caregiver education and support programs should consider building relationship quality into the personalized program design to improve caregiver mental health and well‐being.
Research on esophageal cancer: With personal perspectives from studies in China and Kenya
Authors: Yang Chung S. , Chen Xiaoxin Luke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe most common form of esophageal cancer (EC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), is prevalent in many unindustrialized societies, among people with lower socioeconomic status and those who frequently use tobacco and alcohol. In some areas, ESCC mortality ranked top among all cancer. In this review, we begin with discussions of the extensive research on EC in Linxian in northern China that started 60 years ago and the recent studies in Kenya from our personal perspectives. Based on the results obtained from these studies and information from the literature, we summarize our current understanding about the risk factors for ESCC including lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol, consumption of food and beverages at high temperature and other unhealthy habits), poor diet and nutritional insufficiencies and genetic susceptibility. Elimination or minimization of these environmental risk factors, as well as early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions, would be effective means for the prevention of ESCC. Current knowledge of molecular alterations in ESCC (gene mutations, hypermethylation and amplification or overexpression), as well as treatment of ESCC and the potential of targeted therapy, are also discussed. Finally, we propose effective approaches for the prevention of ESCC by adapting a healthy lifestyle, including a healthy diet that would also prevent other diseases. Community outreach, public education and international collaboration are important for achieving this public health goal.