bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tax and Pandemic; Curbing Carbon Burden of India’s Blue Sky
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad 
Published: November 2020

Out line: Carbon dioxide is one of major signatures of Anthropocene. Energy sector contribute maximum to CO2 emission. Reaching 1.4billion population, India must strides to provide affordable, riskless, secure, uninterrupted and cleaner energy with energy security prioritized. The CO2 emission in India was 2201.865 MT CO2 e in 2019 matched to 2172.19 MT CO2e in the previous year. The apocalyptic pandemic of COVID19 have shut down the cities and forced people to migrate to native places as a result the carbon dioxide level has reduced in the sky.
Methodology: After carbon tax implementation from 2010 and post Paris Agreement surge in Carbon tax in India’s climate from 2015 there was slow decline of CO2 level in the ever rising global grey sky. The carbon tax had raised faster rate but its effect was slow. Lockdowns, closures and confinement during the pandemic COVID-19 from March 2020 in India is the real-life experience explaining the additive control of carbon level of polluted air along with the burden of carbon tax globally including India.
Discussion: The socio-economic impact of shutdowns of all industrial units, power generation and transport sectors along with immediate migration of all workers to their native place have dropped carbon level in air and initialized the concept of blue sky thinking. The present apocalyptic complex pandemic without vaccine has forced the government machinery to be utilized for life, neglecting livelihood. Presently after 4 stages of lock downs, the uplift of restrictions in 5th stage is allowed for lively hood and socio-economic sustenance.
Conclusion: As post pandemic measures under economic bankruptcy, the Indian government should initiate strategic plans to restore the socio-economic normalcy and relax the heavy carbon tax on Indians as the carbon level is reduced as a major impact of COVID-19 during 2020.
Comparing Household Environmental Health Indicators between Oil-bearing and Non-oil-bearing Communities in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Maduka Omosivie , Emmanuel Benson C. Ephraim- 
Published: November 2020

Background: Household environmental health indicators have contributed to the quality of life of the populace in regions of the world where they have been made available. This study compared the indicators of household environmental health between oil-bearing and non-oil-bearing communities located in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
Methods: An analytical, cross-sectional household survey was carried out among 601 households in six oil-bearing and non-oil-bearing selected communities located within the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Multistage sampling was employed, and an interviewer-administered questionnaire used to elicit data on the household environmental health indicators in the communities. The scores across the six indicator domains were summed and categorized into acceptable and unacceptable status. Results: Water sources in both oil-bearing 230 (76.4%) and non-oil-bearing communities 177 (59.0%) were sanitary. Sanitary sewage 250 (83.1%) and sullage disposal 210 (69.8%) was practiced by most households in oil-bearing areas. The minority of respondents in both oil-bearing 26 (8.6%) and non-oil-bearing 41 (13.7%) communities practiced sanitary refuse disposal. Households in oil-bearing communities had twelve times greater odds of having a satisfactory environmental health status compared to households in non-oil-bearing communities (Adjusted O.R: 11.70, 95% C.I: 7.75-17.65).
Conclusion: Households in oil-bearing communities fared better in all household environmental health indicators. There is a need to address the economic and social determinants of health among households in the Niger Delta to improve household environmental health indicators.
Bioengineered Gastrointestinal Tissues with Fibroblast‐Induced Shapes
Authors: Zhou Linna , Ruiz‐Puig Carlos , Jacobs Brittany‐Amber , Han Xiaoyue , Lisle Richard , Bayley Hagan , Lu Xin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBioengineered gastrointestinal (GI) tracts have potential applications in regenerative medicine and disease modeling. Methods for engineering tubular GI tracts containing natural extracellular matrix (ECM) are currently limited. Here, the fabrication of collagen tubes with designed shapes by using lipid bilayer supported droplet networks is reported. Droplets containing cells and collagen are arrayed in lipid‐containing oil to form droplet networks, which undergo thermal gelation to provide continuous collagen tubes. A variety of tubular GI tissues are fabricated. For example, human intestinal organoids embedded in the collagen tubes migrate to the luminal surfaces and fuse to form a continuous epithelial layer, mimicking aspects of intestinal tissue structure. Fibroblasts embedded in the collagen induce a cell density dependent contraction of the tubes. Complex tubular structures are produced by patterning droplets containing different densities of fibroblasts. The fibroblast‐containing collagen tubes are seeded with various epithelial cells at their luminal surfaces to form gastric and colonic tissues, which comprise monolayers or multilayers of epithelial cells and fibroblast‐containing subepithelial layers. The engineered gastric tissues are susceptible to infection withHelicobacter pylori. The versatile technique allows the construction of tubular GI tracts containing ECM and layered structures, with broad potential applications in disease research and regenerative medicine.
Vanadium Dopants: A Boon or a Bane for Molybdenum Dichalcogenides‐Based Electrocatalysis Applications
Authors: Chia Hui Ling , Mayorga‐Martinez Carmen C. , Sofer Zdeněk , Lazar Petr , Webster Richard D. , Pumera Martin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe ever‐rising concerns with regards to energy shortages and climate change have made the search for clean and renewable energy sources a pressing priority for the sustainable development of societies. Although, conventional precious metal‐based catalysts such as platinum, iridium, and ruthenium are able to efficiently catalyze the conversion of chemical to electrical energy, they are often very costly, scarce, and suffer from poor stability, hence impeding their widespread applications. The limitations of the current state‐of art catalysts have propelled tremendous efforts in search for alternative catalysts. Notably, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have spurred much enthusiasm because of their natural abundance, low cost, and remarkable catalytic activity. Numerous studies have recounted that doping can tune the properties of TMDs and that vanadium dopants reportedly improve the electrical properties of Group 6 TMDs. Herein, the authors aspire to investigate the effects of doping varying amounts of vanadium on molybdenum dichalcogenides on their electrocatalytic activities toward hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and oxygen reduction reaction. Despite previous studies bespeaking promising effects, the results here demonstrate both improvements and worsening of electrocatalytic performances from varying the stoichiometry of vanadium dopants in molybdenum dichalcogenides, depending on the type of materials and intended electrochemical applications.
Flexible Adipose‐Vascular Tissue Assembly Using Combinational 3D Printing for Volume‐Stable Soft Tissue Reconstruction
Authors: Cho Won‐Woo , Kim Byoung Soo , Ahn Minjun , Ryu Yeon Hee , Ha Dong‐Heon , Kong Jeong Sik , Rhie Jong‐Won , Cho Dong‐Woo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new concept, assembling cell‐laden tissue modules, is for the first time proposed for soft tissue engineering. Adipose‐vascular tissue modules composed of a synthetic polymer‐based substructure and customized bioinks using planar 3D cell printing are engineered. Such tissue modules are systematically assembled into a synthetic polymer‐based module holder fabricated with rotational 3D printing, resulting in the development of a flexible and volumetric tissue assembly. Whereas most of the previous studies about the construction of adipose tissue are limited to hypoxia, poor vascularization, rapid resorption, and mismatch in mechanical properties, it is aimed to realize the construction of nonhypoxic, flexible, and volume‐stable tissue assembly in this study. The significance of engineered tissue assembly is proven through various in vitro and in vivo evaluations. In particular, stable volume and remarkable neovascularization/adipogenesis are observed in the implanted assembly over four weeks. Interestingly, the size of newly formed lipid droplets and the remodeled morphology in the assembly are comparable to those in native adipose tissue. As far as it is known, this work is a first report suggesting a cell printing‐based tissue assembly for functional reconstruction of soft tissue.
Mechanically Compliant Thermal Interfaces Using Biporous Copper‐Polydimethylsiloxane Interpenetrating Phase Composite
Authors: Lin Cheng‐Hui , Izard Anna Guell , Valdevit Lorenzo , Won Yoonjin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThermal interface materials are essential for thermal management in electronics packaging by providing a low resistance thermal pathway between heat sources and heat sinks. Nanostructured materials can be potential candidates for the next‐generation interface materials by coupling their high thermal conductivity and mechanical compliance, suppressing failure even after large numbers of thermal cycles. This work investigates the thermal and mechanical characteristics of a new type of thermal interface materials, consisting of metal/elastomer interpenetrating phase composites. The 3D, highly porous copper scaffolds are fabricated via a fast and simple in situ bubble‐templated electrodeposition process without the presence of solid templates; subsequently, the void fraction of the composite is filled by elastomer infiltration. The presence of elastomer matrix demonstrates limited impact on the thermal conductivity of the composite while it contributes substantially to the mechanical properties, providing the structural flexibility required. Thermal resistance values of 1.2–4.0 cm2 K W–1 are measured upon multiple thermal cycles, confirming the mechanical stability of the composite, without showing any noticeable degradation.
High‐Performance Tubular Electricity Generators Operated by Magnetically Driving Movement of Droplet
Authors: Yao Yao , Lv Tian , Chen Zilin , Li Huili , Li Ning , Yang Yunlong , Qian Guiju , Wang Xue , Cao Shaokui , Chen Tao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractElectricity generators by driving movement of liquid droplet or flow on the surface of nanocarbon materials represent an emerging means to harvest energy from nature and environment, which have widely potential applications in the fields of sensors, biomedicine, energy conversion, and so on. Herein, a tubular electricity generator with magnetic droplet encapsulated in a continuous graphene tube is developed. The droplet in tubular electricity generators can be easily driven by magnetic force, during which a potential difference ranging from 196 to 419 mV can be realized by tuning the salt species in the droplet. The value of the generated potential difference is among the highest range, compared with other electricity generators reported previously. In addition, in‐series connecting effect could be achieved with multi‐droplet encapsulated in one single electricity generator, resulting in multifold output voltage of device with one droplet. The work provides a powerful strategy to build electricity generator with high output voltage and easy manipulation, and the tubular devices are promising to be used for biomedical and/or wearable electronics.
EIF2AK2 Missense Variants Associated with Early Onset Generalized Dystonia
Authors: Kuipers Demy J. S. , Mandemakers Wim , Lu Chin‐Song , Olgiati Simone , Breedveld Guido J. , Fevga Christina , Tadic Vera , Carecchio Miryam , Osterman Bradley , Sagi‐Dain Lena , Wu‐Chou Yah‐Huei , Chen Chiung C. , Chang Hsiu‐Chen , Wu Shey‐Lin , Yeh Tu‐Hsueh , Weng Yi‐Hsin , Elia Antonio E. , Panteghini Celeste , Marotta Nicolas , Pauly Martje G. , Kühn Andrea A. , Volkmann Jens , Lace Baiba , Meijer Inge A. , Kandaswamy Krishna , Quadri Marialuisa , Garavaglia Barbara , Lohmann Katja , Bauer Peter , Mencacci Niccolò E. , Lubbe Steven J. , Klein Christine , Bertoli‐Avella Aida M. , Bonifati Vincenzo 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe study was undertaken to identify a monogenic cause of early onset, generalized dystonia.MethodsMethods consisted of genome‐wide linkage analysis, exome and Sanger sequencing, clinical neurological examination, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and protein expression studies in skin fibroblasts from patients.ResultsWe identified a heterozygous variant, c.388G>A, p.Gly130Arg, in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2 (EIF2AK2) gene, segregating with early onset isolated generalized dystonia in 5 patients of a Taiwanese family. EIF2AK2 sequencing in 191 unrelated patients with unexplained dystonia yielded 2 unrelated Caucasian patients with an identical heterozygous c.388G>A, p.Gly130Arg variant, occurring de novo in one case, another patient carrying a different heterozygous variant, c.413G>C, p.Gly138Ala, and one last patient, born from consanguineous parents, carrying a third, homozygous variant c.95A>C, p.Asn32Thr. These 3 missense variants are absent from gnomAD, and are located in functional domains of the encoded protein. In 3 patients, additional neurological manifestations were present, including intellectual disability and spasticity. EIF2AK2 encodes a kinase (protein kinase R [PKR]) that phosphorylates eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α), which orchestrates the cellular stress response. Our expression studies showed abnormally enhanced activation of the cellular stress response, monitored by PKR‐mediated phosphorylation of eIF2α, in fibroblasts from patients with EIF2AK2 variants. Intriguingly, PKR can also be regulated by PRKRA (protein interferon‐inducible double‐stranded RNA‐dependent protein kinase activator A), the product of another gene causing monogenic dystonia.InterpretationWe identified EIF2AK2 variants implicated in early onset generalized dystonia, which can be dominantly or recessively inherited, or occur de novo. Our findings provide direct evidence for a key role of a dysfunctional eIF2α pathway in the pathogenesis of dystonia. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:485–497
“Überschuss”‐Elektronen in LuGe
Authors: Freccero Riccardo , Hübner Julia‐Maria , Prots Yurii , Schnelle Walter , Schmidt Markus , Wagner Frank R. , Schwarz Ulrich , Grin Yuri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDas Monogermanid LuGe wurde durch Hochdruck‐Hochtemperatursynthese (5–15 GPa, 1023–1423 K) erhalten. Die Kristallstruktur wurde aus Einkristall‐Röntgenbeugungsdaten gelöst und verfeinert (Strukturtyp FeB, RaumgruppePnma,a=7.660 (2) Å,b=3.875 (1) Å undc=5.715 (2) Å, RF=0.036 für 206 symmetrie‐unabhängige Reflexe). Die Analyse der chemischen Bindung wurde mit Hilfe quantenchemischer Techniken im Ortsraum durchgeführt. Neben den erwarteten 2c‐Ge‐Ge‐Bindungen im Germaniumpolyanion wurde eine eher unerwartete vieratomige Wechselwirkung zwischen Lutetium‐Atomen gefunden, was auf die Bildung eines Polykations durch die überschüssigen Elektronen im System Lu3+(2b)Ge2−×1 e−hinweist. Trotz der reduzierten Valenzelektronen‐Konzentration von 3.5 folgt Lutetium‐Monogermanid der erweiterten 8‐N‐Regel durch die Bildung von Lutetium‐Lutetium‐Bindungen unter Verwendung der Elektronen, die nach der Bindungssättigung in der anionischen Ge‐Ge‐Zickzackkette übrigbleiben.
Large branchial arch cyst excision using superficial and deep cervical plexus blocks in a patient with severe comorbidities
Authors: Nutcharoen A. A. , Kim D. D. , Volio A. E. , Skolaris A. T. , Bhatnagar N. , Ayad S. S. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryBranchial arches are embryologic structures that develop between the fourth and seventh gestational week. Anomalies may form if these structures fail to develop. The majority of cases are diagnosed during childhood, with surgical excision recommended to prevent risk of infection, growth or malignancy. We report an unusual case of a 72‐year‐old man with severe cardiac comorbidities who presented with a large second branchial arch cyst extending into the oropharynx. General anaesthesia to facilitate surgical excision was deemed too risky. Therefore, we performed successful ultrasound‐guided superficial and deep cervical plexus blocks as a sole mode of anaesthesia. This case highlights how regional anaesthesia can be utilised to facilitate surgery in high‐risk patients, as well as presenting an alternative for general anaesthesia.
Awake proning of a 2‐year‐old extubated child with severe COVID‐19 pneumonitis
Authors: Alseoudy M. M. , Abo Elfetoh M. A. , Alrefaey A. K. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryWith the progress of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, available data suggest lower complications and disease severity in children and young patients. Despite most paediatric cases being mild in severity, some children require intensive care and mechanical ventilation due to the development of paediatric severe acute respiratory distress. The use of adjuvant therapies in severely ill paediatric patients has not been reported widely in the literature. Prone positioning in spontaneously breathing children has, to our knowledge, not yet been described. In our report, the trachea of a 2‐year‐old child was intubated, and he was mechanically ventilated for severe bilateral pneumonia. The infant and his mother tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection with reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction testing from nasopharyngeal swabs. Immediately after tracheal extubation, the child developed severe respiratory distress and refractory hypoxia. Awake prone position was employed as a rescue therapy for the management of post‐extubation hypoxia, resulting in a dramatic improvement in oxygenation. Prone positioning in the paediatric patient may improve oxygenation and can be a useful adjuvant for respiratory therapy either before, during or after invasive mechanical ventilation. Awake prone position may be considered as an option for the management of COVID‐19 in paediatric patients, but it requires patient cooperation.
Fabrication and characterization of a novel Nafion‐PTFE composite hollow fiber membrane
Authors: Yu Sha , Zhu Zhihao , Zhou Meiqing , Yu Haijun , Kang Guodong , Cao Yiming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNafion has been widely used in electrochemistry, but there are only a few reports on its application in other fields, such as, gas separation, even though it exhibits good performance. The primary reason for that is the high cost of Nafion and making a composite membrane with a thin Nafion layer is a potential solution to solve this problem. In this study, a novel Nafion‐PTFE composite hollow fiber membrane, which had a thin (~5 μm) and detect‐free Nafion layer on PTFE surface, without Nafion filling substrate pores was developed, differing from the reported ones in which Nafion resin was required to impregnate into porous PTFE membrane as thorough as possible to ensure the ion conductivity and operation stability. The surface morphology, crystallite, solubility in ethanol/water mixture, and water uptake of membranes were systemically investigated. The gas permeance tests were also conducted. The permeances of different gasses of prepared composite membranes were significantly enhanced compared with the commercial membranes due to the decrease of Nafion thicknesses, while the selectivity remained the same, verifying the detect‐free structure of Nafion layer on PTFE substrate. This study provided a good reference for the preparation and application of low‐cost Nafion composite membranes.
Isolation and expression of five genes in the mevalonate pathway of the Chinese white pine beetle, Dendroctonus armandi (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Authors: Sun Yaya , Dai Lulu , Kang Xiaotong , Fu Danyang , Gao Haiming , Chen Hui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Chinese white pine beetle Dendroctonus armandi (Tsai and Li) is a significant pest of the Qinling and Bashan Mountains pine forests of China. The Chinese white pine beetle can overcome the defences of Chinese white pine Pinus armandi (Franch) through pheromone‐assisted aggregation that results in a mass attack of host trees. We isolated five full‐length complementary DNAs encoding mevalonate pathway‐related enzyme genes from the Chinese white pine beetle (D. armandi), which are acetoacetyl‐CoA thiolase (AACT), geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS), mevalonate kinase (MK), mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MPDC), and phosphomevalonate kinase (PMK). Bioinformatic analyses were performed on the full‐length deduced amino acid sequences. Differential expression of these five genes was observed between sexes, and within these significant differences among topically applied juvenile hormone III (JH III), fed on phloem of P. armandi, tissue distribution, and development stage. Mevalonate pathway genes expression were induced by JH III and feeding.
Psychometric properties of the stress control mindset measure in university students from Australia and the UK
Authors: Keech Jacob J. , Orbell Sheina , Hagger Martin S. , O’Callaghan Frances V. , Hamilton Kyra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionBeliefs about the consequences of stress, stress mindsets, are associated with health and performance outcomes under stress. This article reports the development and examination of the psychometric properties of a measure of stress mindset: The Stress Control Mindset Measure (SCMM). The measure is consistent with theory on mindsets about self‐attributes and conceptualizes stress mindset as the extent to which individuals endorse beliefs that stress can be enhancing.MethodsThe study adopted a correlational cross‐sectional survey design in two student samples. Undergraduate students from an Australian university (Sample 1, N = 218) and a UK university (Sample 2, N = 214) completed the SCMM and measures of health and well‐being outcomes.ResultsConfirmatory factor analyses supported a four‐factor structure and strict measurement invariance across samples (ΔCFI < 0.01). Reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and concurrent validity of the overall SCMM were supported in both samples. Incremental validity was supported for most outcomes, accounting for significantly more variance (between 2.2% and 5.9%) in health and well‐being outcomes than an existing measure.ConclusionsCurrent data provide preliminary support for the SCMM as a reliable and valid measure with good psychometric properties and theoretically consistent relations with health outcomes under stress. Findings provide initial evidence supporting the potential utility of the SCMM in future research examining relations between stress mindsets and health and performance outcomes.