bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of marsupialization under nasal endoscopy versus lacrimal probing for treatment of congenital dacryocystoceles: a report of 40 cases
Authors: Cui Yan-Hui , Sun Peng , Tang Li-Xing , Zhang Cheng-Yue , Wu Qian , Yu Gang , Li Li , Wei Wen-Bin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: This study was performed to compare the efficacy of marsupialization under nasal endoscopy versus lacrimal probing for the treatment of congenital dacryocystocele. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study. Forty neonates (43 eyes) diagnosed with congenital dacryocystoceles were divided into Group A (nasal endoscopic marsupialization) and Group B (lacrimal probing). The patients were followed up for 1 year after surgery. The efficacy, incidence of complications, and reoperation rate were compared between the two groups. Results: The male:female ratio was 25:15 patients (27:16 eyes). In Group A, the success rate was 100%, the incidence of complications was 5%, and the reoperation rate was 0%. In Group B, the success rate was 90%, the incidence of complications was 20%, and the reoperation rate was 30%. There was no significant difference in the success rate between the two groups, but the incidence of complications and the reoperation rate in the lacrimal probing group(Group B) were significantly higher than those in the nasal endoscopic marsupialization group(Group A). Conclusion: In the treatment of congenital dacryocystoceles, nasal endoscope marsupialization has the same success rate as lacrimal duct probing, but the former is more effective and safer in clinical practice.
Old Well Temple·New Academic Garden—A Review of the History of Construction and Sustainable Development of UNC’s Old Well Temple
Authors: Zhang Xiaowei , Huang Xinjian , Li Jiujun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Old Well Temple, which represents a kind of humanistic spirit rooted in the 18th century, is a symbol of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Due to the concern and protection of all walks of life for more than 200 years, the Old Well Temple, which is associated with traditional wisdom, is still alive today, inspiring generations of latecomers. As per the context of the current heritage protection, this paper reviews the sustainable processing of the historical and cultural heritage protection project. After analyzing its function and characteristics in the changes of social trends, campus planning and design, and architectural art language, the article believes that the Old Well Temple’s proportion is a combination of the Circle Square & Square Circle Pattern and the Vitruvian Man. It provides a reference for the theory and practice of conservation and sustainable development of the current historical and cultural heritage.
Exome sequencing identified a novel pathogenic RET variant with high variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance in an extended pedigree with Hirschsprung disease
Authors: Rahnavard Sahereh , eghbali maryam , saei hassan , Ashjaei bahar , abiri maryam 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a developmental disorder characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the gastrointestinal tract, which consequences in intestinal obstruction. HSCR has more than 80% heritability, including two major forms as sporadically which is the most common form with a complex pattern of inheritance and other forms appear with a familial/syndromic basis along with Mendelian inheritance and incomplete penetrance. The rare and common sequence variants in genes related to the enteric nervous system (ENS) was identified to play a critical role in the progress of HSCR. Results: This study aimed to investigate the genetic basis of an Iranian extended family with different manifestations such as inherited HSCR, chronic constipation, congenital malformations (single kidney and closed anus) to find the causal mutations. To uncover the contributing genetic variant/s, exome sequencing was performed on proband (IV-V). Finally, with the standard filtering protocol, we identified a novel heterozygous nonsense mutation, p.Y314X at exon 5 of the RET gene. This variant is located in the extracellular domain of RET tyrosine kinase and subsequently leads to no detectable RET full-length protein and so may lead to protein loss of function. This devastating variant is manifested in the proband, with long‐segment form and other phenotypes such as single kidney, absent of peritoneum and pigmentation of the face. However, this variant has been segregated in the mother (III-IV, with single kidney), the grandmother (II-II, with diarrhea) and the aunt (III-V, with chronic constipation and premature ovarian failure); these members of the family didn’t show HSCR. Furthermore, in other members of the family (II-IV and III-XII) with chronic constipation and no HSCR, the variant was detected. Nonetheless, this phenomenon can be interpreted by incomplete or reduced penetrance in this extended family with variable expression. Conclusions: The present study found a novel null variant at RET gene that is associated with a wide range of phenotypes and incomplete penetrance. This can be synergistic effects of rare and/or common variants among known and/or unknown disease susceptibility genes which lead to variable severity of phenotype. Such information is important for proper genetic counseling in familial HSCR. Keywords : Hirschsprung disease, whole-exome sequencing, RET novel mutation, extended pedigree, incomplete penetrance.
The clinical data from 19 critically ill patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study﻿
Authors: Zhang Jinping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background To analyze the clinical features of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and evaluate the diagnosis and treatment.Methods Making retrospective analysis of the clinical manifestation and auxiliary examination of the 19 patients of COVID-19 which from the Liyuan Hospital ICU between January 16, 2020 and February 20, 2020.Results There were 11 male and 8 female cases among the patients. The median (range) age was 73 (38-91) years. There are 8（42.1%）patients had died , and the median duration from ICU to death was 2 (IQR: 1–10.75) days in non-survivors. Seven patients have the basic diseases which in the dead patients. Auxiliary examination: fever (68.4%), dry cough (15.8%), dyspnea (10.5%), diarrhea (5.3%). 19 cases (100%) showed ground-glass changes on Chest computed tomography. Serum Hypersensitive C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) and Serum Amylase A (SAA) were increased obviously of 19 cases (100%); there are 16（84.2%）cases which the total number of lymphocytes decreased; 12 cases (63%) liver function; 11 cases (58%) were deviant in fibrinogen (FIB) and D-dimer, in particular, the D-dimer was significantly higher compared with the non-survivors and survivors.Conclusion More men than women in critically ill patients. All the cases showed ground-glass changes on chest CT, and the vast majority of patients will appear fever and dry cough. Clinical lab index changes obviously, especially the D-dimer in Non-survivors.
Construction of a Full-length Infectious Clone of Zika Virus Stably Expressing EGFP Marker in a Eukaryotic Expression System
Authors: Gao Jing , Shi Lingjuan , Chen Jiayi , Lu Weizhi , Cai Jingtai , Zhao Wei , Zhang Bao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Zika virus is among the most widely transmitted arboviruses in the world and closely associated with diseases, such as encephalitis, fetal microcephaly, and Guillain–Barré syndrome. The pathogenic mechanism of the virus has not been fully elucidated, and there are no vaccines or specific drugs targeting the virus. To address these issues, the application of reverse genetics is needed for viral reconstruction and reproduction.Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to merge the full-length Zika virus genome, CMV promoter, intron, EGFP, hepatitis delta virus ribozyme, and SV40 terminator sequence for cloning into a pBAC11 vector through recombination to produce recombinant pBAC-ZIKA-EGFP. The ZIKA–EGFP was rescued by transfection of 293T cells with pBAC-ZIKA-EGFP, and at 7-days post-transfection, the supernatant (P0 generation) was passed through a 0.45-μm membrane and used to infect Vero cells (to produce the P1 generation). Fluorescence-based quantitative PCR, 50% tissue culture infectious dose, and plaque assays were used to measure differences in replication ability and pathogenicity relative to the rescue virus (ZIKA–WT), the sequence of which is consistent with that of the wild-type Zika virus. Additionally, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kB) inhibitor, was used to examine its effect on viral replication.Results: The results showed that ZIKA–EGFP could effectively infect Vero cells, SH-SY5Y cells and C6/36 cells, and cause cytopathic effects on them. ZIKA–EGFP exhibited stable replication and EGFP expression during cell passage for at least six generations, with no significant difference in replication ability relative to the ZIKA–WT. Fluorescent cell foci were observed in the plaque assay while the ZIKA–EGFP was in the absence of phage plaque formation. The inhibition of NF-kB inhibitor on ZIKA-EGFP was observed by fluorescence microscopy, which was consistent with the results of fluorescence quantitative PCR.Conclusions: We constructed an infectious clone of the full-length genome of Zika virus which could replicate with stable EGFP expression in eukaryotic cells during passage. The infectious clone, remaining main characteristics of wild type ZIKA virus could be appied on the studies of reverse genetics, drug screening and gene function of ZIKA virus.
Characteristics of three-dimensional acetabular morphology of patients with excellent outcome after rotational acetabular osteotomy over 20 years
Authors: Tanaka Takeyuki , Moro Toru , Ishikura Hisatoshi , Hashikura Kazuaki , Kaneko Taizo , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) is a type of pelvic osteotomy performed to improve the acetabular bony coverage against the femoral head for patients with acetabular dysplasia. The acetabular bony coverage is ideally evaluated three-dimensionally; however, there is a paucity of published data regarding three-dimensional morphology in patients with long-term excellent outcome after RAO. The present study investigated the characteristics of three-dimensional acetabular morphology with long-term excellent outcome after RAO in comparison to patients with normal hip joints and those converted to total hip arthroplasty (THA) after RAO because of osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Methods Anteroposterior plain radiograph and computed tomography data of 57 hip joints (17 joints with excellent outcome 20 years or more after RAO, 16 normal joints, and 20 joints converted to THA after RAO) were analyzed. The two-dimensional lateral center-edge (CE) angle from plain radiographs, acetabular anteversion, anterior acetabular sector angle, and posterior sector angle from computed tomography (CT) images were calculated. Results Compared with patients converted to THA, all parameters in patients with long-term excellent outcome after RAO were similar to those in patients with normal hip joints, particularly in the three-dimensional analyses. The anterior bony coverage was excessive, whereas the posterior bony coverage was deficient in patients converted to THA after RAO. Anterior bony impingement and posterior instability may be the cause of OA progression after RAO. Conclusion Caution must be taken to avoid rotating the separated fragment excessively to the anterior direction during RAO to prevent OA progression and achieve long-term excellent outcome.
GDNF and GUCY2C mutation associated with Hirschsprung's disease in a trio pedigree: a case report
Authors: Chai Senmao , Deng Kai , Sun Xiaodong , Zhao Qiang , Fu Pan , Xu Qianqian , Sang Ming 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) caused by absence or dysfunction of ganglion cells in the submucosal plexus and intermuscular plexus of the intestinal wall. Studies have shown that homozygous mutations of glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) can lead to the occurrence of HSCR. but heterozygous mutation must combine with other related abnormal genes could to cause the HSCR. The other Guanylyl cyclase C ( GUCY2C ) gene is rarely reported as a direct cause of HSCR. Our findings Provides a new perspective for application of mutation screening in the genetic counseling.Case presentation: We report clinical and genetic findings of a trio pedigree with Hirschsprung's disease. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed for propositus and all members of trio pedigree, respectively. We also collected 74 healthy control samples and used Sanger sequencing to identify that found the mutation. We first described the rare trio pedigree of HSCR caused by two special genes of GDNF (p.Arg93Gln) and GUCY2C (p.Tyr1072Cys). Studies have found that mutations in GDNF alone do not cause HSCR symptom, so is propositus’ mother in this study. Common mutation of GDNF gene mutation inherited from mother of proband, but the rare mutation of GUCY2C from the father. None of the parents showed HSCR phenotype. We provide evidence for the causative role of the two variants.Conclusions: Our study found that GDNF and GUCY2C together lead to the occurrence of HSCR. This finding expands the genotype spectrum and increases knowledge on the genetic molecular mechanisms of the HSCR. Our findings will provide help for the screening of pathogenic genes of HSCR.
Peripheral Immunosenescence and Central Neuroinflammation: A Dangerous Liaison - A Dietary Approach
Authors: Magrone Thea , Magrone Manrico , Russo Matteo A. , Jirillo Emilio 
Published: April 2020

Background & Objectives:
In old people, both innate and adaptive immune responses are
impaired, thus leading to a condition of systemic inflamm-ageing, even including the involvement of
the central nervous system (CNS).

Aims:
Here, main mechanisms of the immune ageing and neuro-inflammation will be discussed along
with the dietary approaches for the modulation of age related diseases.

Discussion:
Neuroinflammation is caused by the passage of inflammatory mediators through the brain
blood barrier to CNS. Then, in the brain, antigenic stimulation of microglia and/or its activation by
peripheral cytokines lead to a robust production of free radicals with another wave of proinflammatory
cytokines which, in turn, causes massive neuronal damage. Also, infiltrating T cells [T
helper (h) and T cytotoxic cells] contribute to neuronal damage. Additionally, a peripheral imbalance
between inflammatory Th17 cells and anti-inflammatory T regulatory cells seems to be prevalent in the
aged brain, thus leading to a proinflammatory profile. Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and
multiple sclerosis will be described as typical neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, modulation of the
immune response thanks to the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects exerted by dietary products
and nutraceuticals in ageing will be discussed. Special emphasis will be placed on polyunsaturated
fatty acids, polyphenols, micronutrients and pre-probiotics and synbiotics.

Conclusion:
Ageing is characterized by an imbalance subversion of the immune system with a condition
of inflamm-ageing. Neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases seem to be a central manifestation
of a peripheral perturbation of the immune machinery. Dietary products and nutraceuticals
may lead to a down-regulation of the oxidative and pro-inflammatory profile in ageing.
Avaliação geoespacial da expansão do aglomerado urbano Crajubar utilizando inteligência geográfica
Authors: Teles Rudá Peixoto , Gomes da Silva Maria Lucineide , Alves Ribeiro Antonio Junior 
Published: April 2020

Na região Nordeste do Brasil existe uma gama de aglomerações urbanas, dentre as quais se destaca a conurbação urbana, conhecida como Crajubar, localizada na Região Metropolitana do Cariri (RMC), no sul do Ceará, onde existe uma percepção de ausência de limites urbanos entre os três municípios: Crato, Juazeiro do Norte e Barbalha. Assim, este trabalho busca compreender a dinâmica da expansão do Crajubar, por meio de técnicas de Geoprocessamento. Para tanto, utilizou-se arquivos vetoriais da delimitação territorial com mancha urbana do ano de 2005 e imagens orbitais dos satélites GeoEye do ano de 2018. Para o processamento dos dados foi utilizado o software QGIS. O Google Earth foi usado para identificar estabelecimentos responsáveis por atraírem crescimento urbano para o seu entorno, ainda foram utilizadas informações oficiais de crescimento populacional e informações econômicas geradas pelos órgãos oficiais. Como resultados, geraram-se arquivos vetoriais com duas manchas urbanas da região, sendo uma de 2005 e outra de 2018, as quais apresentam a conurbação dos três municípios para as duas situações. A partir do mapa gerado, construiu-se o entendimento dos fatores que impulsionam a expansão espacial urbana do Crajubar, tais como serviços públicos nas áreas de infraestrutura, saúde e educação. Evaluation of expansion of Crajubar urban agglomerate using geomatics A B S T R A C TIn the Northeast region of Brazil there is a range of urban agglomerations, among which the urban conurbation known as Crajubar. It is located in the metropolitan area of Cariri (MAC), in the south of Ceará, where there is a perception of the absence of urban boundaries between the three towns: Crato, Juazeiro do Norte and Barbalha. This work tries to understand the dynamics of the expansion of Crajubar, using Geoprocessing techniques. It was used shapefiles of the territorial delimitation with urban area of the year of 2005 and GeoEye satellites images of the year of 2018. The QGIS software was used for data processing. The Google Earth was used to identify companies and institutions responsible for attracting urban growth for the around their area, official information on population growth and economic information generated by government institutions was also used. As a result, shapefiles were generated with two urban areas in the region, one of area in 2005 and another area in 2018, where each one presents the conurbation of the three towns for both situations. From the generated map, the understanding of the factors that have influenced the urban spatial expansion of Crajubar was constructed, such as public services of infrastructure, health and education.Keywords: Urbanization, Population Growth, Geoprocessing.
Education Policy Overcome Coronavirus, A Study of Indonesians
Authors: Wajdi Muh Barid Nizarudin , Iwan Kuswandi  , Umar Al Faruq  , Zulhijra Zulhijra , Khairudin Khairudin , Khoiriyah Khoiriyah 
Published: April 2020

The COVID-19 or Coronavirus that encircled Indonesia seems to be unmuted. Its massive and relatively fast spread makes people feel scared. Everyone is forced to remain at home to break the COVID-19 transmission chain. Mass agenda eliminated because of COVID-19 also the term work from home (WFH) so popular. COVID-19 also has a serious impact on the education sector in Indonesia. Here are some policies in the world of education taken by the Indonesian government in the emergency period of Coronavirus (COVID-19) year 2020. This article aims to discuss government policy, especially about the education policy to deal with Coronaviruses. The results showed that some government policies related to education in the time Coronavirus could minimize the spread of coronaviruses. These policies include online learning for school children, online lectures, national Examinations 2020 canceled, UTBK SBMPTN 2020 postponed, the implementation for SNMPTN still in review
Penerapan Pembelajaran Authentic Instruction Learning dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Pemahaman PKn Siswa
Authors: Hafsah Hafsah , Nursani Nursani 
Published: April 2020

Dalam pembentukan sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang berkualitas itu, peranan pendidikan kewarganegaraan khususnya meningkatkan pemahaman PKn sangat penting, terutama pada jenjang pendidikan menengah. Dapat meningkatkan pemahaman PKn harus memuat empat komponen yang sangat mendasar dalam membaca antara lain mencatat, tugas, observasi, dan presentasi. Tujuan penelitian untuk menjelaskan penerapan pembelajaran authentic instruction learning dalam upaya meningkatkan pemahaman PKn siswa. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan classroom action research, subyek penelitian sebanyak 38 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan tes, analisis data menggunakan rumus ketuntasan belajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan pembelajaran Authentic Intruction Learning mampu meningkatkan pemahaman belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan. Hal ini terlihat pada siklus I nilai rata-rata dari 38 siswa adalah 65,52 dengan persentase ketuntasan belajar adalah 57,89%, kemudian pada siklus II nilai rata-rata dari 38 siswa adalah 72.36 dengan persentase ketuntasan belajarnya adalah 78,94%, kemudian pada siklus III diperoleh nilai rata-rata dari 38 siswa adalah 84,47 dengan presentase ketuntasan belajar adalah 100%. Jadi pembelajaran Authentic Instruction Learning disamping mammpu meningkatkan pemahaman konsep PKn, dapat juga meningkatkan sikap kerjasama tim dalam berdiskusi dalam proses pembelajaran.In the establishment of qualified human resources, the role of citizenship education, in particular, enhances the understanding of Civic Education is very important, especially in the secondary education level. Can increase the knowledge of Civic Education should contain four fundamental components in reading, among others, taking notes, tasks, observations, and presentations. The purpose of research to explain the implementation of learning authentic instruction learning to improve the understanding of Civic Education students. This research method uses the research using classroom action research, subject to research as much as 38 people: data collection using observations and tests, data analysis using learning-submission formulas. Instruction Learning was able to improve students ' learning understanding of citizenship education subjects. This was seen on the I cycle. The average value of 38 students is 65.52, with the percentage of learning submission is 57.89%. In cycle II the average cost of 38 students is 72.36, with the interest of the study's presentation is 78.94%. The III cycle obtained an average value of 38 students is 84.47, with a percentage of the learning is 100%. So the teaching of Authentic Instruction Learning, in addition to improving the understanding of the concept of Civic Education, can also increase the attitude of teamwork in the discussion in the learning process.
Officer Professional Education	in the Canadian Forces	and the Rowley Report, 1969
Authors: Wakelam Randall 
Published: April 2020

In the late 1960s the Canadian Military was experiencing a peacetime
upheaval. The three previously independent Services were being
amalgamated – unified – by political direction. This meant that previously
independent processes, including professional education, had to be rethought
and reorganized to fit the new single-force philosophy. Under the leadership
of a battlefield commander, Major-General Roger Rowley, a small team set
out to devise a radical concept for academic and professional education that
would provide officers with a coherent suite of learning programs spanning
their careers, all provided for by an integrated single military-civilian teaching
engine. The plan immediately met resistance from pre-existing organizations
and, harried by organizational reductions, faded from the scene, even as the
value of enhanced education was receiving general support. In 2002, with a
renewed focus on intellectual agility, the concept was resurrected with the
establishment of the Canadian Defence Academy.