bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the shape of forward transit time distributions in low-order catchments
Authors: Heidbüchel Ingo , Yang Jie , Musolff Andreas , Troch Peter , Ferré Ty , Fleckenstein Jan H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Transit time distributions (TTDs) integrate information
on timing, amount, storage, mixing and flow paths of water and thus
characterize hydrologic and hydrochemical catchment response unlike any
other descriptor. Here, we simulate the shape of TTDs in an idealized
low-order catchment and investigate whether it changes systematically with
certain catchment and climate properties. To this end, we used a physically
based, spatially explicit 3-D model, injected tracer with a precipitation
event and recorded the resulting forward TTDs at the outlet of a small
(∼6000 m2) catchment for different scenarios. We found
that the TTDs can be subdivided into four parts: (1) early part – controlled
by soil hydraulic conductivity and antecedent soil moisture content, (2) middle part – a transition zone with no clear pattern or control, (3) later
part – influenced by soil hydraulic conductivity and subsequent
precipitation amount, and (4) very late tail of the breakthrough curve –
governed by bedrock hydraulic conductivity. The modeled TTD shapes can be
predicted using a dimensionless number: higher initial peaks are observed if
the inflow of water to a catchment is not equal to its capacity to discharge
water via subsurface flow paths, and lower initial peaks are connected to
increasing available storage. In most cases the modeled TTDs were humped
with nonzero initial values and varying weights of the tails. Therefore,
none of the best-fit theoretical probability functions could describe the
entire TTD shape exactly. Still, we found that generally gamma and
log-normal distributions work better for scenarios of low and high soil
hydraulic conductivity, respectively.
Development of pedotransfer functions for water retention in tropical mountain soil landscapes: spotlight on parameter tuning in machine learning
Authors: Gebauer Anika , Ellinger Monja , Brito Gomez Victor M. , Ließ Mareike 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Machine-learning algorithms are good at computing
non-linear problems and fitting complex composite functions, which makes
them an adequate tool for addressing multiple environmental research questions.
One important application is the development of pedotransfer functions
(PTFs). This study aims to develop water retention PTFs for two remote
tropical mountain regions with rather different soil landscapes:
(1) those dominated by peat soils and soils under volcanic influence with high organic matter
contents and (2) those dominated by tropical mineral soils. Two tuning procedures were
compared to fit boosted regression tree models: (1) tuning with grid search,
which is the standard approach in pedometrics; and (2) tuning with
differential evolution optimization. A nested cross-validation approach was
applied to generate robust models. The area-specific PTFs developed outperform other more general PTFs. Furthermore, the first PTF for typical soils of
Páramo landscapes (Ecuador), i.e., organic soils under volcanic
influence, is presented. Overall, the results confirmed the differential
evolution algorithm's high potential for tuning machine-learning models.
While models based on tuning with grid search roughly predicted the response
variables' mean for both areas, models applying the differential evolution
algorithm for parameter tuning explained up to 25 times more of the response
variables' variance.
Snow depth estimation and historical data reconstruction over China based on a random forest machine learning approach
Authors: Yang Jianwei , Jiang Lingmei , Luojus Kari , Pan Jinmei , Lemmetyinen Juha , Takala Matias , Wu Shengli 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We investigated the potential capability of the random forest (RF)
machine learning (ML) model to estimate snow depth in this work. Four
combinations composed of critical predictor variables were used to train the
RF model. Then, we utilized three validation datasets from out-of-bag (OOB)
samples, a temporal subset, and a spatiotemporal subset to verify the fitted
RF algorithms. The results indicated the following: (1) the accuracy of the
RF model is greatly influenced by geographic location, elevation, and land
cover fractions; (2) however, the redundant predictor variables (if highly
correlated) slightly affect the RF model; and (3) the fitted RF algorithms
perform better on temporal than spatial scales, with unbiased root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of ∼4.4 and ∼7.3 cm,
respectively. Finally, we used the fitted RF2 algorithm to retrieve a
consistent 32-year daily snow depth dataset from 1987 to 2018. This product
was evaluated against the independent station observations during the period
1987–2018. The mean unbiased RMSE and bias were 7.1 and −0.05 cm,
respectively, indicating better performance than that of the former snow
depth dataset (8.4 and −1.20 cm) from the Environmental and Ecological
Science Data Center for West China (WESTDC). Although the RF product was
superior to the WESTDC dataset, it still underestimated deep snow cover
(>20 cm), with biases of −10.4, −8.9, and −34.1 cm for
northeast China (NEC), northern Xinjiang (XJ), and the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
(QTP), respectively. Additionally, the long-term snow depth datasets
(station observations, RF estimates, and WESTDC product) were analyzed in
terms of temporal and spatial variations over China. On a temporal scale,
the ground truth snow depth presented a significant increasing trend from
1987 to 2018, especially in NEC. However, the RF and WESTDC products
displayed no significant changing trends except on the QTP. The WESTDC
product presented a significant decreasing trend on the QTP, with a
correlation coefficient of −0.55, whereas there were no significant trends
for ground truth observations and the RF product. For the spatial
characteristics, similar trend patterns were observed for RF and WESTDC
products over China. These characteristics presented significant decreasing
trends in most areas and a significant increasing trend in central NEC.
Betrayal Set Design: From Minimalism to Multimedia
Authors: Cole George 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Betrayal marked a radical shift in style, form, and plot device, with Pinter abandoning a single set structure for multiple sets. This article aims to explore how directors and designers have approached the challenges and opportunities offered by the play's structure. The article will examine eight major UK productions—from the original 1978 National Theatre production to the 2019 Harold Pinter Theatre production—which demonstrate a multitude of approaches and interpretations when it comes to set design, from naturalistic to multimedia to minimalism. The article will include accounts from designers and directors, and also critical reaction to the set designs. It will be argued that the creative flexibility offered by Betrayal's dramatic structure means that the play will continue to be staged in new, fresh and innovative ways.
The Psycho-Epistemology of Freedom
Authors: Shmurak Steven H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In Independent Judgment and Introspection: Fundamental Requirements of the Free Society, Jerry Kirkpatrick maintains that a free society can exist only when a sufficient number of people have healthy psycho-epistemologies. He identifies fundamental aspects in our culture that work against this end. Building on the work of Objectivist psychologist Edith Packer, he presents a process for improving one's psycho-epistemology. Kirkpatrick also traces the history of child-rearing practices and relates the process of change to the work of many other psychologists including Horney, Freud, Ellis, and Rogers.
Predição de valores de moedas virtuais através da análise de sentimento de notícias e tweets
Authors: Santos Wagner Resende , De Paula Hugo Bastos 
Published: June 2020

As moedas virtuais (ou criptomoedas) estão se tornando cada vez mais competitivas no mercado mundial, oque atrai investidores a obter lucros sobre as oscilações deste mercado. Esses investimentos são orientados por um princípio simples: comprar as moedas quando seu valor de mercado estiver prestes a subir, e vendê-las moedas quando estiverem prestes a perder o valor. O Objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver um modelo de predição do movimento de preços de criptomoedas que utilize como base a percepção pública da população em relação às moedas. Foram realizadas predições tanto utilizando sentimento de notícias quanto sentimento de tweets, e o útlimo obteve melhores resultados, apresentando MDA de 73% no modelo criado com XGBoost, sendo capaz de prever os resultados também em períodos de grandes oscilações. Supõe-se que os melhores resultados foram obtidos a partir de sentimentos de tweets devido ao maior volume de dados gerado em um único dia, e devido à velocidade com a qual a manifestação pública é evidenciada na rede social.
Percepciones y expectativas de personas cuidadoras del Programa de Atención Domiciliaria del Centro de Salud Familiar Pablo Neruda de Lo Prado, Chile 2013
Authors: Juanillo Hugo , Sulbrandt José 
Published: June 2020

Introducción. El programa domiciliario a usuarios con dependencia severa existe desde el año 2006 y presta servicios a personas con discapacidad que cuente con una persona cuidadora dentro del sistema público de salud chileno. Tal persona será clave en representar los requerimientos sanitarios del usuario con dependencia ante el centro de salud primario, conocido como Centro de Salud Familiar (CESFAM). En este contexto, este estudio responde a indagar ¿qué percepciones y expectativas tienen las personas cuidadoras de las prestaciones en salud que se le brindan en domicilio?.
Objetivo. Explorar las percepciones y expectativas de las personas cuidadoras respecto a las prestaciones que les ofrece el Programa de Atención Domiciliaria en el CESFAM Pablo Neruda de Lo Prado.
Métodos. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo inspirado en la tradición fenomenológica para abordar el contexto social de 11 personas cuidadoras. Para la producción de datos se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad mediante un muestreo intencionado. El análisis se hizo a través del método propuesto por Moustakas.
Resultados. Las principales percepciones de las personas cuidadoras respecto al programa se relacionaron con el apoyo económico y técnico ofrecido en el hogar; mientras que las expectativas se centraron en aumentar el recurso humano calificado y mejorar la ayuda económica que se otorga. Conclusión. Es urgente un mayor rol del Estado en el fortalecimiento de las redes de apoyo dirigidas a las personas cuidadoras, además de considerar la factibilidad de incrementar las ayudas económicas destinadas a este grupo de población vulnerable y con alta carga en gastos de bolsillo en salud.
O Plano Municipal de Educação e suas repercussões na escola pública
Authors: Silva Alex Vieira da , Santos Inalda Maria dos 
Published: June 2020

O texto tem como objetivo apresentar as modificações na organização e na gestão da escola através da implementação do PME no “chão” da escola pública. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa. O tipo de entrevista aplicada foi a semiestruturada e a estratégia metodológica para o tratamento dos dados, a análise de conteúdo. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram sete gestores escolares de escolas públicas dos municípios de Recife e de Olinda. Como resultados, foi possível perceber que as proposições evidenciadas possibilitam refletir que, diretamente, os Planos de Recife e de Olinda não causaram modificações no modo de organização na gestão da escola.
Polyimides as High Temperature Capacitor Dielectrics
Authors: Ho Janet , Schroeder Marshall 
Published: June 2020

Nearly five decades of effort has focused on identifying and developing new polymer capacitor films for higher-than-ambient temperature applications, but simultaneous demands of processability, dielectric permittivity, thermal conductivity, dielectric breakdown strength, and self-clearing capability limit the number of available materials. Demands on these criteria are even more stringent in growing numbers of applications demanding high power performance. Aromatic polyimides, though not a panacea, are a class of heat-resistant polymers of great interest to researchers as capacitor dielectrics because of good thermal and mechanical stability. In this chapter, the key aspects and advantages of metallized polymer film capacitors are compared to analogous alternative technologies (polymer-film-metal-foil, ceramic, and electrolytic capacitors), followed by a comprehensive review of commercial resin development leading up to recent research on polyimides targeted for operating temperature above 150°C. Finally, this chapter provides a brief discussion on the recent effort on combining computation and synthesis to design polymers with desirable dielectric properties.
Multinational Retrospective Central Pathology Review of Neuroblastoma: Lessons Learned to Establish a Regional Pathology Referral Center in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Santiago Teresa , Polanco Ana C. , Fuentes-Alabi Soad , Hayes Caleb , Orellana Elizabeth , Gomero Belkis , González Mázlova Toledo , Ruiz Eduviges , Durán Moises Espino , Rodriguez-Galindo Carlos , Metzger Monika 
Published: June 2020

Context.—Several countries of the Central America and Caribbean region have been sharing regional neuroblastoma (NB) treatment guidelines. However, there is no standardization in the diagnosis, subclassification, or tumor biology to aid in the risk stratification of these patients.Objective.—To examine the histology and assess the accuracy of the local pathology reports; to evaluate the usefulness of manual MYCN immunohistochemistry (IHC); and to use NB as a model to identify the needs to establish a central pathology review (CPR) program in this region.Design.—A retrospective CPR of specimens derived from patients with a diagnosis of NB and treated under the regional NB guidelines between 2012 and 2017 was conducted, allowing for a comparison between local diagnoses and the CPR diagnoses. Manual MYCN IHC was performed in the confirmed NB specimens and the results compared with known fluorescence in situ hybridization or automated IHC results, when available.Results.—The 156 specimens reviewed included 460 blocks and 183 original slides. Neuroblastoma was confirmed in 138 samples (88.5%), but low concordance rates for Shimada classification (n = 39; 25.0%), mitotic-karyorrhectic index (n = 4; 2.5%), and International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification (n = 18; 11.5%) were noted. Manual MYCN IHC performed on 120 specimens showed conclusive results in 89.2% (28 positive, 23.4%; 79 negative, 65.8%) and questionable results in 10.8% (n = 13).Conclusions.—This retrospective CPR highlights the need for a CPR program to serve this region, to ensure correct diagnosis and subclassification of NB, and to provide manual MYCN IHC—with reflexing to fluorescence in situ hybridization, if questionable. This approach can further regional collaboration, enhance test utilization, and ultimately improve patients' outcomes.
Ginsenoside panaxatriol reverses TNBC paclitaxel resistance by inhibiting the IRAK1/NF-κB and ERK pathways
Authors: Wang Panpan , Song Dan , Wan Danhong , Li Lingyu , Mei Wenhui , Li Xiaoyun , Han Li , Zhu Xiaofeng , Yang Li , Cai Yu , Zhang Ronghua 
Published: June 2020

Background
Paclitaxel (PTX) resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Previously, we have reported that interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and its downstream pathways are associated with PTX resistance in TNBC cells. In this study, we sought to investigate the combination treatment of ginsenoside panaxatriol (GPT), one of the main active components in Panax ginseng, with PTX on viability and apoptosis of TNBC PTX resistant cells, and explore the role of IRAK1 mediated signaling pathways in the therapeutic effects.

Methods
CellTiter-Glo and colony formation assays were used to assess cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to analyze subG1 and apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect expressions of proteins involved in apoptosis and the IRAK1/NF-κB and ERK pathways. The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, S100A7/8/9 and cancer stem cell (CSC)-related genes were examined by qPCR. Stem cells were identified by tumor sphere assay. Cell invasion ability was examined by transwell assay.

Results
We show that GPT inhibits MDA-MB-231 PTX resistant (MB231-PR) cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. When combined with PTX, GPT synergistically causes more cell death, induces subG1 accumulation and cell apoptosis. Besides, up-regulation of BAX/BCL-2 ratio, and down-regulation of MCL-1 are also observed. Moreover, this combination inhibits IRAK1, NF-κB and ERK1/2 activation, and leads to down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL8, CXCL1, CCL2), S100A7/9 and CSC-related genes (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, ALDH1, CD44) expression. In addition, the combination treatment suppresses MB231-PR cell invasion ability, and impairs tumor sphere growth both in MB231-PR and SUM159 PTX resistant (SUM159-PR) cells.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that GPT can resensitize TNBC PTX resistant cells to PTX by inhibiting the IRAK1/NF-κB and ERK pathways and reducing stem cell characteristics.
Distribution of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) in Water and Plankton on Floating Net Cage Area with Different Density at Cirata Reservoir, West Java
Authors: Prabangasta Dhandy Alfhian , Hasan Zahidah , Apriliani Izza Mahdiana , Hamdani Herman 
Published: June 2020

Cirata Reservoir mostly functions as a Hydroelectric Power Plant (PLTA) and the location of fish farming with the floating cage system (KJA). Utilization of reservoirs for fish culture in Cirata Reservoir has exceeded the capacity determined by the government. This causes changes in water quality in the waters of the Cirata Reservoir and affects the concentration of heavy metal lead in the waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of heavy metal lead (Pb) that exist in the KJA with different densities in the Cirata Reservoir. This research was conducted on 3 November-8 December 2019 at Cirata Reservoir with sampling stations in Jangari, Maleber and Patokbeusi. The method used in this research is purposive sampling. The results of the physical-chemical parameter research show that the water temperature at the three stations ranges from 31.9oC-34.5oC, air temperature 27oC-32oC, transparency 53.5-76 cm, pH 6.87-7.67, CO2 8,4-16.8 mg/L, BOD 1.1-20.5 mg/L and DO 5.83-9.72 mg/L. The results of Pb measurements in water ranges from 0,001 to 0,029 mg/L. Pb measurements in plankton ranges from 0.001 to 0.039 mg/L. Pb bioconcentration factor values ​​range from 1.27 - 2.40. These results indicate that aquatic organisms in the Cirata Reservoir can accumulate metals in their bodies.
Comparison between Pharmaco-invasive Strategy and Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention According to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Related Delay
Authors: Akl Khaled Nasr , Ashmawy Medhat Mohamed , Elmasry Magdy Mohamed , Kassem Hanan Kamel , Elsaeid Ayman Mohamed 
Published: June 2020

Aim: This study aimed to compare between the effect of pharmacoinvasive strategy (PI)& primary percutaneous coronary intervention (P-PCI) according to PCI related delay (door to ballon) on the mortality and morbidity during in-hospital stay and after 30-day follow up. Moreover, left ventricular systolic function was assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography at cardiology department, Tanta University.
Patients and Methods: The study was conducted on 300 patients that were divided into 2 main groups. Group A consisted of patients had primary PCI as reperfusion therapy and further divided into three groups according to PCI related delay (door toballon). Group A1, PCI-related delay is ≤60 minute(92patients). Group A2, PCI-related delay is >60 to ≤ 90 minute. (54patients). Group A3, PCI-related delay is >90minute (78 patients). The second group (group B), include patients who under gopharmaco-invasive strategy, PCI within 24 hour after thrombolysis (76 patients). In the second group, coronary angiography was done immediately in cases of failed thrombolysis and for successful thrombolysis; coronary angiography was performed within 3 – 24 hours.
Results: During hospital stay, more patients in group A3 died than those of group B or group A1, A2 with no statistical significance. In addition, morepatients in group A3 showed heart failure symptoms with statistical significance than those of group B, A1 and A2. Bleeding complications occurred significantly more in group B. During follow up visits more patients in group A3 complained of heart failure symptoms with statistical significance than those of group B, A1, A2 patients.
Conclusion: Primary PCI without door to balloon time delay (≤90 minutes)was encouraged and had the best results on morbidity and mortality. Also, pharmacoinvasive strategy was encouraged as being better than primary PCI when door to balloon time showed marked delay( <90 minutes).
Radiosurgery Techniques for Brain Metastases
Authors: Topkan Erkan , Kucuk Ahmet , Senyurek Sukran , Sezen Duygu , Durankus Nulifer Kılıc , Akdemir Eyub Yasar , Saglam Yucel , Bolukbasi Yasemin , Pehlivan Berrin , Selek Ugur 
Published: June 2020

As a notable cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality, brain metastases (BMs) represent the most prevalent intracranial tumors arising in up to 40% of all adult solid tumors during the course of treatment. Intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) gained wide appreciation by the radiation oncology communities for the treatment of BM with regards to the grim prognosis of such patients after alternative therapies, including the whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Additional concerns on the neurocognitive deterioration and comparably low tumor control rates offered by the conventional WBRT further quickened the implementation of SRS to the daily practice of radiation oncology clinics. However, the striking diversities among the treatment algorithms and the treatment planning systems of the gamma knife-, linear accelerator- (LINAC), tomotherapy-, robotic Cyberknife-, or the proton therapy-based SRS render the administration of SRS/FSRT challenging. Acknowledging these difficulties, the present review intended to offer a thorough outline of the main principals of the SRS/FSRT technique from the initial patient fixation to the final machine and dose delivery quality assurance treads.