bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the operational meaning and practical aspects of using the security parameter in quantum key distribution
Authors: Trushechkin A.S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We discuss the operational meaning of a commonly accepted security parameter in quantum key distribution, which is based on the trace distance. We separately consider the cases of using a key in a one-time pad and in a computationally secure cipher. Some practical aspects of using the security parameter are also elucidated, which are usually not paid enough attention in theoretical studies and which therefore may cause difficulties for experimentalists and engineers. It is shown that a one-time pad requires not only a higher key generation rate than computationally secure ciphers, but also a significantly stronger condition on the key security parameter.
Influence of birefringent fibre joints on the visibility drift in a Mach – Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Krylov G.M. , Fat’yanov O.V. , Duplinskii A.V. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
It is shown that imperfect joints of linear birefringent fibres in a fibre interferometer may result in an uncontrolled visibility drift under varying environmental conditions even with a standard phase matching device. As an example, a double Mach – Zehnder interferometer is considered, which is employed in schemes of quantum key distribution. Results of numerical simulation demonstrate the standard deviation of the quantum bit error rate (QBER), which is comparable to an average QBER value.
Possibilities of using practical limitations of an eavesdropper in quantum cryptography
Authors: Avanesov A.S. , Kronberg D.A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
An important advantage of quantum cryptography over classical cryptography consists in the fact that the security of the transmitted keys is not related to the assumptions about the eavesdropper capabilities and is guaranteed by the laws of nature. Nevertheless, in some situations it makes sense to consider some reasonable assumptions about the eavesdropper capabilities, which can increase the secret key distribution rate. Methods are proposed for legitimate users to employ some practical limitations, and attacks are constructed that the eavesdropper can apply under the conditions of these limitations.
A unifying framework for the transient parasite dynamics of migratory hosts
Authors: Peacock Stephanie J. , Krkošek Martin , Lewis Mark A. , Molnár Péter K. 
Published: May 2020

Significance
When animals migrate, they take their parasites with them—or not. Understanding infectious disease in migratory animals is challenging because the vast distances covered result in variable host densities and infection pressure and make it difficult to collect data. Empirical studies show that migrants may have higher, lower, or the same infection intensity as residents. We present a model that produces different infection patterns and migration outcomes under different parameters, laying a theoretical foundation for exploring what may be driving observed diverse patterns in nature. Our model can help guide empirical studies, suggesting when and where data need to be collected in order to distinguish mechanisms, and inform targeted management and conservation efforts.
Load effects of thigh wearable resistance on angular and linear kinematics and kinetics during non‐motorised treadmill sprint‐running
Authors: Macadam Paul , Nuell Sergi , Cronin John B. , Diewald Shelley , Rowley Rebecca , Forster James , Fosch Pol 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the load effects of thigh attached wearable resistance (WR) on linear and angular kinematics and linear kinetics during sprint‐running. Fourteen recreational active subjects performed a series of maximal sprints with and without WR of 1%, 2%, and 3% body mass (BM) in a randomised order. Sprints were performed on a non‐motorised treadmill that collected velocity, and linear step kinematics and kinetics. Angular kinematics of the thigh were collected from an inertial measurement unit attached to the left thigh. Trivial decreases were found in peak velocity with all WR loads (−0.9 to −.2.4%, effect size [ES] 0.09–0.17, p > .05). The WR conditions resulted in significantly decreased average step frequency (−2.0% to −3.0%, ES = 0.35–0.44, p < .05) with loads of ≥2% BM, whereas average step length was statistically unchanged (1.9–2.8%, ES = 0.20–0.33). Average angular displacement was significantly decreased (−7.0% to −10.3%, ES = 0.88–1.10, p = 0.00–0.03) with loads of ≥2% BM. Average angular flexion velocity (−10.2%, ES = 1.07, p = .02) and extension velocity (−12.0%, ES = 0.85, p = .01) were significantly decreased with 3% BM. Trivial to small ES changes (p > .05) were found in the linear kinetic measures of interest. Thigh WR provides a sprint‐specific rotational form of resistance resulting in greater changes to angular kinematics than linear properties of sprint‐running. For practitioners who wish to target thigh angular kinematics and step frequency without decreasing step length, thigh WR of ≥2% BM offers a sprint‐specific resistance training tool.
Differentiation of power supply systems for consumers in the Arctic zone
Authors: Gubanov M M , Morkovkin D E , Begmurodzoda Eraj , Sharipov F F , Romanova Ju A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article discusses the problems of providing energy supply to consumers in remote regions of Russia, including in the Arctic zone. The necessity of introducing and developing the best available technologies for autonomous energy supply to consumers in the decentralized electricity supply zone, which should be based on the combined use of technologies and reducing cross-subsidization for the long term in the framework of the implementation of a unified state energy policy, is proved. Differentiation of power supply systems of consumers was carried out, according to the results of which it is advisable to pay special attention to the location of the source of electric energy generation. The paper suggests that in the conditions of the Arctic zone it should be as close as possible to the center of energy consumption and the possibility of combined generation of electric and thermal energy.
Reconstruction of the spatio-temporal diversification and ecological niche evolution ofHelianthemum(Cistaceae) in the Canary Islands using genotyping-by-sequencing data
Authors: Albaladejo Rafael G , Martín-Hernanz Sara , Reyes-Betancort J Alfredo , Santos-Guerra Arnoldo , Olangua-Corral María , Aparicio Abelardo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsSeveral biogeographical models have been proposed to explain the colonization and diversification patterns of Macaronesian lineages. In this study, we calculated the diversification rates and explored what model best explains the current distribution of the 15 species endemic to the Canary Islands belonging to Helianthemum sect. Helianthemum (Cistaceae).MethodsWe performed robust phylogenetic reconstructions based on genotyping-by-sequencing data and analysed the timing, biogeographical history and ecological niche conservatism of this endemic Canarian clade.Key ResultsOur phylogenetic analyses provided strong support for the monophyly of this clade, and retrieved five lineages not currently restricted to a single island. The pristine colonization event took place in the Pleistocene (~1.82 Ma) via dispersal to Tenerife by a Mediterranean ancestor.ConclusionsThe rapid and abundant diversification (0.75–1.85 species per million years) undergone by this Canarian clade seems the result of complex inter-island dispersal events followed by allopatric speciation driven mostly by niche conservatism, i.e. inter-island dispersal towards niches featuring similar environmental conditions. Nevertheless, significant instances of ecological niche shifts have also been observed in some lineages, making an important contribution to the overall diversification history of this clade.
Activation of Calcium Binding Protein-ir Neurons in Medial Amygdala during Chemosignal Processing
Authors: Biggs Lindsey M , Meredith Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe medial amygdala receives sensory input from chemical signals important in mammalian social communication. As measured by immediate-early gene expression, its responses to different chemosignals differ in the spatial patterns of neuronal activation and in the types of cells activated. Medial amygdala projections to basal forebrain contribute to generation of appropriate behavioral responses and GABA neurons are important for these functions, both as interneurons and as projection neurons. Here we investigate responses of male golden-hamster medial amygdala neurons expressing immunoreactivity (ir) for calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV), calcium binding proteins (CBPs), which can distinguish different GABAergic neuron types. CB-ir and CR-ir cells had significant responses to female hamster chemosignals and showed different spatial patterns across medial amygdala. Responses to chemosignals from unfamiliar females were significantly reduced in males with sexual experience, compared with naive males. Medial amygdala did not express PV-ir cells and the adjacent intercalated nucleus, which has been implicated in medial amygdala chemosensory responses did not express any of the CBPs investigated here. This additional evidence for chemosensory specificity in the response of medial amygdala to social chemical signals, in cells characterized by CBP expression, suggests multiple GABA circuit elements may be involved in information processing for behavioral response.
A New Framework of IND-CCA Secure Public Key Encryption with Keyword Search
Authors: Ma Sha , Huang Qiong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the era of cloud computing, public key encryption with keyword search (PEKS) is an extremely useful cryptographic tool for searching on encryption data, whose strongest security notion is indistinguishability encryption against chosen ciphertext attack (ind-cca). Adballa et al. presented a transformation from identity based encryption (IBE) to PEKS in the Theory of Cryptography Conference 2010. This paper proposes a new framework of ind-cca secure PEKS in the standard model. Our main technical tool is a newly introduced notion of smooth projective hash function with key mapping, in which the hash key hk is mapped into another mapping projection key mhp besides the classical projection key hp. Finally, we provide an instantiation of our framework based on symmetric eXternal Diffie–Hellman assumption.
Early outcomes in 147 consecutive cases of subxiphoid single-port thymectomy and evaluation of learning curves
Authors: Suda Takashi , Ishizawa Hisato , Nagano Hiromitsu , Negi Takahiro , Kawai Hiroshi , Tochii Daisuke , Tochii Sachiko , Hoshikawa Yasushi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present study was to examine some initial results and learning curves concerning subxiphoid single-port thymectomy (SSPT), thereby clarifying the safety of this surgical approach and describing the precautions for adopting it.

METHODS
From March 2011 to August 2019, a total of 203 patients underwent thymectomy for either anterior mediastinal tumours or myasthenia gravis at Fujita Health University Hospital. Of these 203 patients, 147 patients who had undergone SSPT were selected as participants for the present study.

RESULTS
Of the 147 cases, transition to a different approach was required in three (2.0%) cases: two (1.3%) cases transitioned to median sternotomy, whereas one (0.7%) case transitioned to the side chest trans-intercostal approach. The two cases that transitioned to median sternotomy were the second cases for different operators after they began performing this technique. There were six (4.0%) cases with complications and no deaths. The operation time cumulative summation learning curve analysis revealed that the curves descended from the 38th case. In the 83 cases handled by one surgeon, the learning curves descended from the 31st case.

CONCLUSIONS
SSPT is a safe modality with few complications and no associated cases of mortality reported. Operators are required to experience 31–38 cases until the operation time for SSPT was stabilized. Special care should be exercised to prevent vascular damage in the vicinity of the innominate veins during the early stages after SSPT introduction.
Landscape implications of managing forests for carbon sequestration
Authors: Riviere Miguel , Caurla Sylvain 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We explore the implications of managing forests for the dual purpose of sequestering carbon and producing timber, using a model of the forest sector that includes a Hartman-based representation of forest owners’ behaviour as well as heterogeneity in environmental conditions. We focus on France, where recent policies aim at increasing the carbon sink and where the diversity of forests makes an analysis of spatial dynamics relevant, and we use recent estimates of the shadow price of carbon consistent with the country’s climate commitments. Results suggest that forests may sequester up to 550 MtCO2eq by 2100, driven by changes in harvest levels and species choice, whilst rotation lengths increase overall. A spatial analysis reveals a high spatial variability for these trends, highlighting the importance of considering the local context. Changes in investment patterns affect the spatial distribution of forest cover types: by the end of the century, a majority of regions comprise a larger share of older, multiple-species and mixed-structure forests. Whilst such an evolution may present benefits in terms of biodiversity, ecosystem services provision and resilience, it raises questions regarding the adequacy of such developments with current forest policy, which also aims at increasing harvest levels. An overall mitigation strategy for the forest sector would likely include incentives to energy and material substitution in downstream industries, which we did not consider and may interact with sequestration incentives.
Assessing Study Quality in Meta-Analysis
Authors: Feeley Thomas Hugh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
An assumption of meta-analyses is made with regard to the quality of the primary studies included for analysis. Specifically, the process assumes each study is a valid estimation of a hypothesized relationship of interest. In instances when a primary study's quality is below an acceptable standard, one option is for the study be excluded from further analyses. Alternatively, studies of acceptable merit could be further investigated through moderator analyses in an attempt to explain heterogeneity among effect sizes due to quality elements. The current essay discusses methods for evaluating study quality before proposing guidelines for their assessment. It is recommended that future meta-analyses in communication include a dedicated section detailing how study quality is addressed when reviewing studies for inclusion.
Delafloxacin activity against Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility or resistance to methicillin, vancomycin, daptomycin or linezolid
Authors: Saravolatz Louis D , Pawlak Joan M , Wegner Corinne 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Delafloxacin is a recently approved anionic fluoroquinolone antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. The drug has been approved for patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections including those caused by MRSA. There are limited data available against MRSA blood isolates (MRSABIs), vancomycin-intermediate strains (VISA), vancomycin-resistant strains (VRSA), daptomycin-non-susceptible strains (DNSSA) and linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LRSA).

Methods
Antimicrobial activity of delafloxacin, levofloxacin, vancomycin, daptomycin and linezolid was determined against 110 MRSABIs, 15 VRSA, 35 VISA, 40 DNSSA and 6 LRSA. Microdilution testing using CAMHB was used to determine MIC according to CLSI guidelines. FDA breakpoints were used to determine delafloxacin susceptibility, and CLSI breakpoints were used for all other antibiotics. PCR testing for molecular markers was performed.

Results
Delafloxacin demonstrated activity against MRSABIs with an MIC90 of 1 mg/L and 68% susceptibility. Against the other groups the MIC90 and susceptibility were 1 mg/L and 40%, respectively, for VISA, 4 mg/L and 7% for VRSA and 1 mg/L and 38% for DNSSA. None of the LRSA isolates was susceptible to delafloxacin. Delafloxacin was active against 94% of MRSA blood isolates that were genotype SCC IVa. For MRSABIs with a levofloxacin MIC ≥8 mg/L (55/110), suggesting multiple mutations in the QRDR, delafloxacin MIC90 was 1 mg/L with a 36.4% susceptibility rate.

Conclusions
Delafloxacin demonstrates superior activity to levofloxacin against recent MRSA blood isolates, VISA, VRSA and DNSSA, and demonstrates good activity against blood isolates most commonly found in the community.
Opportunities at the intersection of work and health: Developing the occupational data for health information model
Authors: Marovich Stacey , Luensman Genevieve Barkocy , Wallace Barbara , Storey Eileen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe study sought to develop an information model of data describing a person’s work for use by health information technology (IT) systems to support clinical care, population health, and public health.Materials and MethodsResearchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health worked with stakeholders to define relationships and structure, vocabulary, and interoperability standards that would be useful and collectable in health IT systems.ResultsThe Occupational Data for Health (ODH) information model illustrates relationships and attributes for a person’s employment status, retirement dates, past and present jobs, usual work, and combat zone periods. Key data about the work of a household member that could be relevant to the health of a minor were also modeled. Existing occupation and industry classification systems were extended to create more detailed value sets that enable self-reporting and support patient care. An ODH code system, available in the Public Health Information Network Vocabulary Access and Distribution System, was established to identify the remaining value sets. ODH templates were prepared in all 3 Health Level 7 Internationalinteroperability standard formats.DiscussionThe ODH information model suggests data elements ready for use by health IT systems in the United States. As new data elements and values are better defined and refined by stakeholders and feedback is obtained through experience using ODH in clinical settings, the model will be updated.ConclusionThe ODH information model suggests standardized work information for trial use in health IT systems to support patient care, population health, and public health.
School Nurses' Perspectives on Components of Asthma Programs to Address Pediatric Disparities
Authors: Everhart Robin S , Corona Rosalie , Mazzeo Suzanne E , Dempster Katherine W , Schechter Michael S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
To use a community engaged, collaborative approach with school nurses working within an urban community, to develop recommendations for future school-based interventions targeting pediatric asthma disparities.

Methods
Open-ended survey data were collected from 33 nurses (77% of nurses in the school district) during a face-to-face monthly health services meeting. Questions asked nurses to estimate the proportion of students with asthma with the necessary forms and medications at school and to describe perceived barriers to having such forms and medications, and potential initiatives that could be implemented. A 30-min asthma education class was also piloted with school nurses, who then rated its acceptability and feasibility. Open-ended survey data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
Nurses estimated that 12% of students with asthma had an asthma action plan, 19% had a medication release form, and 15% had medications at school (i.e. inhalers). Four themes emerged regarding barriers to asthma management in schools and strategies for promoting asthma management in schools: coordination of care, asthma education, access to care, and medication adherence. Nurses noted the need for education focused specifically on teaching inhaler technique, and better communication between schools, providers, and families.

Conclusions
School nurses provided valuable information regarding specific barriers, as well as approaches to addressing these barriers in a future intervention. Findings suggest that a school-based intervention needs to address coordination among schools, parents, and medical providers, and will be optimally effective if it also addresses structural barriers.
GCN5 modulates salicylic acid homeostasis by regulating H3K14ac levels at the 5′ and 3′ ends of its target genes
Authors: Kim Soonkap , Piquerez Sophie J M , Ramirez-Prado Juan S , Mastorakis Emmanouil , Veluchamy Alaguraj , Latrasse David , Manza-Mianza Deborah , Brik-Chaouche Rim , Huang Ying , Rodriguez-Granados Natalia Y , Concia Lorenzo , Blein Thomas , Citerne Sylvie , Bendahmane Abdelhafid , Bergounioux Catherine , Crespi Martin , Mahfouz Magdy M , Raynaud Cécile , Hirt Heribert , Ntoukakis Vardis , Benhamed Moussa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe modification of histones by acetyl groups has a key role in the regulation of chromatin structure and transcription. The Arabidopsis thaliana histone acetyltransferase GCN5 regulates histone modifications as part of the Spt-Ada-Gcn5 Acetyltransferase (SAGA) transcriptional coactivator complex. GCN5 was previously shown to acetylate lysine 14 of histone 3 (H3K14ac) in the promoter regions of its target genes even though GCN5 binding did not systematically correlate with gene activation. Here, we explored the mechanism through which GCN5 controls transcription. First, we fine-mapped its GCN5 binding sites genome-wide and then used several global methodologies (ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq and RNA-seq) to assess the effect of GCN5 loss-of-function on the expression and epigenetic regulation of its target genes. These analyses provided evidence that GCN5 has a dual role in the regulation of H3K14ac levels in their 5′ and 3′ ends of its target genes. While the gcn5 mutation led to a genome-wide decrease of H3K14ac in the 5′ end of the GCN5 down-regulated targets, it also led to an increase of H3K14ac in the 3′ ends of GCN5 up-regulated targets. Furthermore, genome-wide changes in H3K14ac levels in the gcn5 mutant correlated with changes in H3K9ac at both 5′ and 3′ ends, providing evidence for a molecular link between the depositions of these two histone modifications. To understand the biological relevance of these regulations, we showed that GCN5 participates in the responses to biotic stress by repressing salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and SA-mediated immunity, highlighting the role of this protein in the regulation of the crosstalk between diverse developmental and stress-responsive physiological programs. Hence, our results demonstrate that GCN5, through the modulation of H3K14ac levels on its targets, controls the balance between biotic and abiotic stress responses and is a master regulator of plant-environmental interactions.
How did the Feudal Economy Work? the Economic Logic of Medieval Societies
Authors: Wickham Chris 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article aims to create a model for the underlying economic logic of the feudal economy, which can then be contrasted with the much better-known models for the capitalist economy. It does so by developing a discussion of a very frequent pattern in pre-industrial, feudal, societies: active local economies with highly developed exchange, which never, even remotely, developed in the direction of capitalism. It is argued here that this is because they obeyed a different economic logic, rather than just a simpler version of the logic of the capitalist world, which was somehow ‘blocked’ from developing any further. The article then sets out the basic elements of what that logic could be.