bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between maternal BMI, breastfeeding practices and infant anthropometric status in Colombia; secondary analysis of ENSIN 2010.
Authors: Aldana-Parra Fanny , Olaya Gilma , Fewtrell Mary 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background:Maternal malnutrition and infant feeding mode impact short and long term infant and child morbidity and mortality. The period of lactation may provide an opportunity to modulate the risk of disease later in life. Our aim was to estimate the effect of maternal body mass index (BMI) and infant feeding mode, particularly breastfeeding practices, on the anthropometric status of children under two years in Colombia.
Methods:A secondary analysis was performed using the data from ENSIN 2010. Term infants under 2y, singleton, with a mother older than 18y were included in the analysis. Outcomes were wasting (WLZ<-2SD), overweight (WLZ>+2SD) and stunting (LAZ<-2SD). Predictors were infant feeding (exclusive and predominant BF constructed from 24 hour recall, age at introduction of liquids, semisolids and solids) and maternal BMI. Socioeconomic variables, maternal education and age, conditions during pregnancy and birth weight were analyzed as covariates.
Results:Mothers of overweight infants had higher BMI (Mean dif=-1.47 kg/m2; 95% CI=-2.1, -0.8) than those with normal weight infants. Stunting and wasting were not predicted by maternal anthropometry or infant feeding mode. Maternal education was associated with wasting (OR=0.90; 95% CI=0.86, 0.97; p=0.003) overweight (OR=1.06; 95% CI=1.02, 1.01; p=0.001) and stunting (OR=0.92; 95% CI=0.89, 0.94; p<0.0001); birth weight was associated with overweight (OR=1.001; 95% CI=1.00, 1.001; p<0.0001) and stunting (OR=0.99; 95% CI=0.89; p<0.0001) in the final regression model. ​
Conclusions:Maternal BMI is a modifiable target for public health policy to promote healthy infant growth. Infant nutritional status is affected by direct and indirect factors that need to be addressed in further studies.
Modeling Human Health Behavior with a New Index That Measures Connectivity
Authors: Bernstein Steven L. , Li Fangyong , Abujarad Fuad , Grant David , D’Onofrio Gail , Dziura James 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective: Health behavior is the greatest determinant of health. Adherence to medication and abstinence from harmful substances are two critical health behaviors. Although conceptually related, both are assessed using disparate measures. The goal of this study was to develop and test a new index, gamma, that models health behavior by quantifying the connectedness of discrete incidents of health behavior. Study design and setting: We derive gamma, and use it to reanalyze data from a published trial of treatment for alcohol use disorders. We model a primary endpoint, changes in binge drinking, using gamma and a traditional measure: change in number of monthly binges. The original trial was conducted in an urban hospital emergency department in the U.S. Results : Incorporating gamma into the model provided additional insights into the relationship between the intervention and long-term changes in drinking. Conclusion: Gamma provides an additional tool to model the effects of interventions on outcomes in trials of substance use interventions or medication adherence. Gamma measures the pattern of behavior, and may increase the explanatory power of models assessing differences between various treatments. The gamma index offers the possibility of novel real-time interventions to promote healthy behaviors.
Caries experience and oral health related quality of life in a cohort of Ugandan HIV-1 exposed uninfected children compared with a matched cohort of HIV unexposed uninfected children
Authors: BIRUNGI NANCY , Fadnes Lars Thore , Engebretsen Ingunn Marie Stadskleiv , Lie Stein Atle , Tumwine James Kashugyera , Åstrøm Anne Nordrehaug 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Very few studies consider the oral health status and quality of life in HIV-1 exposed uninfected (HEU) children. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of caries in primary teeth and its oral health related quality of life impacts in HEU children compared to HIV-unexposed-uninfected (HUU) children, whilst adjusting for confounding covariates.
Methods: This study uses data from the Ugandan site of the ANRS 121741 PROMISE- PEP trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00640263) conducted in 2009-2013 that recruited mothers with HIV-1and their uninfected children. Of 244 HEU-children-caretaker pairs available at the end of the one-year trial, 166 were re-enrolled in the ANRS 12341 PROMISE-PEP M&S study at 5-7 years and 164 were included in this study. These were age and sex-matched with 181 HUU children-caretaker comparators. Caries experience was recorded using World Health Organization’s Decayed, Missed and Filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) indices. The Early Childhood Oral health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) was used for assessment of oral health related quality of life. Mixed effects logistic regression was conducted with dmft and ECOHIS scores as outcomes and HIV-1exposure status as the main exposure.
Results: Forty-eight percent of HEU children and 60% of HUU had dmft>0. Corresponding figures for ECOHIS>0 were 12% of HEU and 22% of HUU. The crude analysis showed differences related to HIV-1 exposure in caries experience and oral health related quality of life. Mixed effect logistic regression analyses were not significant when adjusted for use of dental care and toothache. If caregivers’ DMFT>0, the adjusted odds ratio for caries experience (dmft>0) was 1.6 (95% CI: 1.0-2.8) while if dmft>0 the adjusted odds ratio for quality of life impacts (ECOHIS>0) was 4.6 (95% CI: 2.0-10.6).
Conclusion: The prevalence of untreated caries in primary teeth and quality of life impacts was high in this study population. HIV-1exposed uninfected children were not more likely than HUU children to experience dental caries or have impaired oral health related quality of life. Given the global expansion of the HEU child population, the present findings indicating no adverse effect of pre- and post-natal HIV-1 exposure on caries in deciduous teeth are reassuring.
Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco, Electronic Cigarettes, and Combustible Cigarette Use Among Japanese Adolescents: A Nationwide Population Survey 2017
Authors: Kuwabara Yuki , Kinjo Aya , Fujii Maya , Imamoto Aya , Osaki Yoneatsu , Jike Maki , Otsuka Yuichiro , Itani Osamu , Kaneita Yoshitaka , Minobe Ruriko , Maezato Hitoshi , Higuchi Susumu , Yoshimoto Hisashi , Kanda Hideyuki 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Globally, among a wide range of public health concerns, smoking remains one of the most crucial challenges. Especially for adolescents, the increase in the use of electronic cigarettes is controversial, as its use may lead to established smoking. In Japan, where a unique tobacco regulation system exists, the heat-not-burn tobacco market has been growing. However, the prevalence and association of combustible cigarettes and new tobacco-related products have not yet been closely investigated among Japanese adolescents. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of smoking among adolescents including new types of tobacco-related products and to compare the characteristics of their users.Methods In 2017, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with randomly sampled junior high school and high school students from 47 prefectures nationwide. Overall, 98 junior high schools in 44 prefectures and 86 high schools in 42 prefectures were included in the survey. In total, 22,275 students from 48 junior high schools and 42,142 students from 55 high schools completed an anonymous questionnaire while at school.Results The age-adjusted rate of ever (current) use of electronic cigarettes was 2.1% (0.7%) in junior high school and 3.5% (1.0%) in high school; that of combustible cigarettes was 2.6% (0.6%) in junior high school and 5.1% (1.5%) in high school; the rate of heat-not-burn tobacco use was lower relative to the other products: 1.1% (0.5%) in junior high school and 2.2% (0.9%) in high school. Examination of the combined use of the three types of products identified a high number of dual users. Comparison between different types of users indicated different backgrounds of combustible cigarette users and new products users.Conclusions The prevalence of new tobacco-alternative products is growing in popularity among Japanese adolescents. Dual use is common, and many adolescents use new products only. Moreover, e-cigarettes might lure a broader range of groups to smoking. Continuous monitoring and further research should investigate the health impact of new products to promote public health action regarding smoking epidemics.
Increasing pelvic incidence is associated with more global sagittal imbalance in ankylosing spondylitis with thoracolumbar kyphosis
Authors: Song Diyu , Zheng Guoquan , Wang Tianhao , Qi Dengbin , Wang Yan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients with kyphosis have an abnormal spinopelvic alignment and pelvic morphology. Most of them focus on the relationship of pelvic tilt (PT) or sacral slope (SS) and deformity, and relatively few studies have addressed the relationship between pelvic incidence (PI) and kyphosis in AS patients. The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between pelvic incidence (PI) and the spinopelvic parameters describing local deformity or global sagittal balance in AS patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis. Methods: A total of 94 patients with AS (91 males and 3 females) and 30 controls were reviewed. Sagittal spinopelvic parameters, including PI, PT, SS, thoracic kyphosis (TK), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), lumbar lordosis(LL), sagittal vertical axis(SVA), T1 pelvic angle(TPA), spinosacral angle(SSA) and spinopelvic angle(SPA) were measured. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the correlation of PI with other parameters. Results: Compared with the control group, the AS patients had significantly higher PI(47.4˚ vs. 43.2˚, P<0.001). PI in AS patients was found to be significantly positively correlated with TPA(r=0.533, R 2 =0.284, P<0.001), and negatively correlated with SPA(r=-0.504, R 2 =0.254, P<0.001). However, no correlations were found between PI and SVA, SSA, TK, TLK or LL in AS patients. Conclusion: The value of PI in AS patients with kyphosis was significantly higher than that of controls. Correlation analysis revealed that increasing PI was significantly correlated with more global sagittal imbalance, not with the local deformity in AS patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis.
The study on photosynthesis, biomass and fine root growth dynamics of soybean in walnut-soybean agroforestry system
Authors: Liu Bin , Gao Pengxiang , Zhang Shuoxin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Soybean in the walnut-soybean agroforestry system in the Loess Plateau of China was focused in this research. The effects of walnut soybean intercropping on soybean growth in the Loess Plateau were determined by measuring the biomass, photosynthetic rate and root growth dynamics of soybean, so as to provide a basis for rational agroforestry models in the Loess Plateau. The results show that soybean reached the highest net photosynthetic rate during flowering period, with the net photosynthetic rate of intercropped soybean, which was 20.4000µmol·m-2·s-1, significantly higher than that of its monocropped counterpart. Soybean biomass reached the maximum during the pod-bearing period, with intercropped soybean biomass being 25.4879g, significantly higher than that of its monocropped counterpart. The mean diameter and increased density of soybean fine roots reduced along with increased soil depth. In particular, both the diameter (0.43mm) and increased density (930cm/dm3) of intercropped soybean fine roots were evidently higher than those of monocropped soybean(0.35mm, 780cm/dm3) , but the result was opposite in 40-60cm soil depth; with increasing cropping years, fine roots of intercropped soybean tended to be mainly distributed in soil at a depth between 0 and 20cm from the fifth year. Compared with soybean monoculture, walnut soybean agroforestry system is more conducive to soybean growth in the Loess Plateau.
Salicylic acid primed defence response in octoploid strawberry (Benihoppe) leaves induces resistance against Podosphaera aphanis through enhanced accumulation of proanthocyanidins and up-regulation of pathogensis-related genes
Authors: Feng Jun , Zhang Min , Yang Kangning , You Wenting , Zheng Caixia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Podosphaera aphanis , a predominately biotrophic fungal pathogen, causes significant yield losses of strawberry. China is the largest strawberry producer in the world, and selecting for powdery mildew-resistant cultivars is desirable. However, the resistance mechanism against P. aphanis in the octoploid strawberry remains unclear. Results To understand the molecular resistance mechanisms, we inoculated strawberry with P. aphanis , and examined the expression profiles of candidate genes and the biochemical phenotypes in strawberry leaves of two groups. The unigenes obtained from salicylic acid (SA)-untreated (SA–) and treated (SA+) leaves resulted in a total of 48,020 and 45,896 genes, respectively. KEGG enrichment showed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant–pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were enriched to a noticeable extent. Comparative analysis demonstrated that genes associated with the SA signalling pathway were significantly upregulated in the strawberry– P. aphanis interaction. In particular, the genes FaTGA , FaDELLA , and FaJAZ negatively regulating salicylic acid SA-responsive genes, whereas FaNPR1 , FaWRKY33 , FaWRKY70 , and FaMYC2 positively regulated SA-responsive genes, leading to increased expression of SA-responsive genes compared to a significant decline in expression of jasmonic acid-responsive genes. Conclusions This study describes the role of total flavonoid content, proanthocyanidins (PAs), pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, SA, and transcription factors in regulatory model against P. aphanis , which coincided with an early activation of defence, leading to the accumulation of PAs and the production of PR proteins.
Knowledge of preeclampsia and its associated factors: a possible link to reduce related adverse outcomes among pregnant women.
Authors: Fondjo Linda Ahenkorah , Boamah Vivian E. , Fierti Adelaide , Gyesi Dorcas , Owiredu Eddie-Williams 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background : Pre-eclampsia (PE) is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity globally. Adequate knowledge about a disorder contributes greatly to its prevention, control and management. This study assessed the level of knowledge of PE and evaluated the factors associated with knowledge adequacy among pregnant women attending antenatal care at a University Hospital in Kumasi-Ghana. Methods : This cross-sectional study was conducted at the at a University Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana. A closed-ended validated well-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic information and history of PE. Knowledge of PE was assessed based on a series of questions regarding the awareness, signs/symptoms, risk factors and complications of PE. Responses were scored percentage-wise and grouped into low (<60%), moderate (60-80%) and high (80-100%). Knowledge score was then re-stratified into adequate (% score of ≥ 60%) and inadequate knowledge of PE (% score of < 60%). Results : The prevalence of inadequate and adequate knowledge of PE was 88.6% (mean score = 55.5 ± 4.3%) and 11.4% (mean score = 76.3 ± 5.9%), respectively. For participants with adequate knowledge of PE, 9.1% (mean score = 67.4 ± 6.9%) and 2.3% (mean score = 85.2 ± 5.1%) had moderate and high knowledge, respectively. Using univariate logistic regression models, being older (>35 years old) [cOR=3.09, 95%CI (0.88-10.88), p=0.049] and having a higher level of education (> SHS education) [cOR=4.45, 95%CI (2.18-9.10), p<0.0001] were significantly associated with greater odds of having adequate knowledge of PE. After controlling for potential confounders in multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found higher level of education to be independently associated with adequate knowledge of PE [aOR=2.87, 95%CI (1.31-6.30), p=0.008]. Conclusion : The knowledge of PE among pregnant women in Ghana is low. The prominent factor that facilitates adequacy of knowledge of PE is higher level of education.
Effects of sample age on data quality from targeted sequencing of museum specimens: what are we capturing in time?
Authors: McGaughran Angela 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Next generation sequencing (NGS) can recover DNA data from valuable extant and extinct museum specimens. However, archived or preserved DNA is difficult to sequence because of its fragmented, damaged nature, such that the most successful NGS methods for preserved specimens remain sub-optimal. Improving wet-lab protocols and determining the effects of sample age on NGS library quality are therefore of vital importance. Here, I examine the relationship between sample age and various indicators of library quality following targeted NGS sequencing of ~1,300 loci using 271 samples of pinned moth specimens ( Helicoverpa armigera ) ranging in age from 4 to 116 years . Results I find that older samples have lower DNA concentrations following extraction and thus require a higher number of indexing PCR cycles during library preparation. When sequenced reads are aligned to a reference genome or to only the targeted region, older samples have a lower number of sequenced and mapped reads, lower mean coverage, and lower estimated library sizes, while the percentage of adapters in sequenced reads increases significantly as samples become older. Older samples also show the poorest capture success, with lower enrichment and a higher improved coverage anticipated from further sequencing. Conclusions Sample age has significant, measurable impacts on the quality of NGS data following targeted enrichment. However, incorporating a uracil-removing enzyme into the blunt end-repair step during library preparation could help to remove and repair DNA damage, and using a method that prevents adapter-dimer formation may result in improved data yields.
Control of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck fouling in water-cooling systems using plasma discharge
Authors: Ge Hui , Wang Hongcheng , Gao Zhiying 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To prevent marine macrofouling, the anti-fouling effect of liquid discharge on mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck was investigated in a simulated water-cooling system. The effects of input energy, mussel distance from discharge center, continuous discharge time, and discharge energy distribution mode on mussel response (death or detachment) were systematically studied. The results showed that excellent anti-fouling effects could be achieved by increasing input energy, but the detachment rate and mortality of mussels decreased sharply when the mussels were farther away from the discharge center. Low frequency discharge for a long, continuous time and multiple stimuli at long intervals improved the anti-fouling effect. Shock waves are the most likely cause of mussel eradication, and the threshold values of peak pressure to prevent mussel settlement and to cause death were 0.02 MPa and 0.05 MPa, respectively.
Calcium Channel Blockers in Restoration of Endothelial Function: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Radenković Miroslav , Stojanović Marko , Prostran Milica 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Clinical evaluation of the Endothelial Function (EF) is becoming an
essential step in the quality assessment of cardiovascular risk prevention and rational pharmacotherapy
of cardiovascular disorders. The existing pieces of evidence suggested that Calcium
Channel Blockers (CCB) can induce positive effects on impaired EF.

Objective:
To evaluate the effects of CCB on EF, we performed a meta-analysis of available
data from randomized and placebo-controlled or other treatment-controlled clinical studies
encompassing effects of CCB on EF, as measured by Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD) of the
brachial artery.

Methods:
The relevant clinical studies were searched by systematic exploration of the appropriate
databases until November 30, 2017. A random-effect model was conducted. The primary
outcome was the percentage change in FMD between the baseline and the final levels in
response to investigated drugs.

Results:
Fifteen randomized clinical studies with 33 arms were identified. CCB improved
FMD more pronounced than thiazide diuretics - TD (3 studies, 157 participants,
WMD=2.08%, 95% CI=0.35-3.80%; P=0.02). Oppositely, ACE Inhibitors (ACEI) and Angiotensin
Receptor Blockers (ARB) notably improved FMD if compared to CCB (CCB vs.
ACEI: 5 studies, 533 participants, WMD = ‐1.62%, 95% CI = ‐2.74% to ‐0.50%; P=0.005;
and CCB vs. ARB: 9 studies, 669 participants, WMD = ‐1.52%, 95% CI = ‐2.22% to
‐0.81%; P=0.0001). CCB effects on EF were similar to those evoked by beta blockers or placebo.

Conclusion:
CCB improved EF to a more prominent extent only if paralleled to TD, while
inversely; ACEI and ARB were more effective in augmenting FMD.
Gut Microbiome: Lactation, Childbirth, Lung Dysbiosis, Animal Modeling, Stem Cell Treatment, and CNS Disorders
Authors: Corey Sydney , Kvederis Lauren , Kingsbury Chase , Bonsack Brooke , Sanberg Paul R. , Castelli Vanessa , Lee Jea-Young , Borlongan Cesar V. 
Published: October 2019

:
Here, we summarized recent advances in laboratory and clinical research on gut microbiome.
The goal is to highlight recent discoveries on the biology and behavioral manifestations of gut
microbiomes under normal and pathologic conditions. With this new scientific knowledge, we wish to
cultivate cross-fertilization of science across multi-disciplines in the hopes of exploiting the gut microbiome
as a key component of human development and its dysbiosis may signal pathological alterations
that can be therapeutically targeted for regenerative medicine. In the end, we identify innovative
research avenues that will merit from collaborations across biomedical disciplines that may facilitate
the development of gut microbiome-based biomarkers and therapeutics. Gut microbiome stands as a
core research area that transcends pediatric and nursing care, cancer biology, neurodegenerative disorders,
cardiac function and diseases, among many other basic science and clinical arenas.