bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epilogue: Randomization and Social Policy Evaluation Revisited
Authors: Heckman James J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the case for randomized controlled trials in economics. It revisits the author’s previous paper “Randomization and Social Policy Evaluation” and updates its message. The chapter presents a brief summary of the history of randomization in economics. It identifies two waves of enthusiasm for the method as “Two Awakenings” because of the near-religious zeal associated with each wave. The First Wave substantially contributed to the development of microeconometrics because of the awed nature of the experimental evidence. The Second Wave has improved experimental designs to avoid some of the technical statistical issues identified by econometricians in the wake of the First Wave. However, the deep conceptual issues about parameters estimated, and the economic interpretation and the policy relevance of the experimental results have not been addressed in the Second Wave.
Leadership in a Male World
Authors: Emmott Bill 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In hitherto male-dominated societies, it is hard for female managers to become accepted. Three role models in very different fields show however that it can be done even in Japanese organizations. Kono Naho is the youngest main board member in the e-commerce giant Rakuten and the only female, and recently showed too how she can combine motherhood and management. Higuchi Hiroe is an executive chef running a group of restaurants on the Ise peninsula and cooked for the G7 leaders in 2016; a mother of two sons, she and her husband both started off as chefs but her husband stood aside for her. Terada Chiyono heads a removals firm that has one-quarter of the Japanese house removals market, up from 3 per cent when I first interviewed her in 1986, and has become one of the Kansai region’s most well-known business leaders. All show how a clear vision and sense of purpose, and careful but firm communication, are vital if women are to succeed as leaders.
Starting Something New
Authors: Emmott Bill 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Japanese organizations typically remain not just male-dominated but also organized in male ways. An attractive alternative for women is therefore to start up their own organizations, whether for-profit or non-profit. The Japan Women’s Leadership Initiative takes a group of wannabe social entrepreneurs to Boston, Massachusetts every year to give training and mentorship in how to start and grow a social enterprise. Hayashi Chiaki took her career through marketing and journalism before co-founding her own digital design business, Loftwork, with its affiliate Fabcafes. Mitarai Tamako worked for McKinsey and then the government of Bhutan before moving to the disaster-struck region of Tohoku in 2011 to start up a business with local women making very high-priced and high quality sweaters, with a model reminiscent of the Italian fashion firm Brunello Cuccinelli. Nakamura Noriko, a former TV journalist, set up a babysitting and nanny agency, Poppins, for which one of the fastest growing business lines is providing short-notice childcare for companies and government agencies.
Making a Political Impact
Authors: Emmott Bill 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In many countries women have made more rapid advances in politics than in other fields, but not in Japan where family dynasties and conservative party rules have slowed their progress. However in the Governor of Tokyo, Koike Yuriko, and the Mayor of Yokohama, Hayashi Fumiko, are two women who have bucked the trend and are providing inspiration for younger generations. Koike-san came from a successful background in journalism while Hayashi-san was a rare businesswoman in her generation of the 1970s and 1980s, reaching leadership positions in several auto sales firms. Political journalism provided Kuniya Hiroko with her means of making an impact, holding politicians to account on her long-running show on the public broadcaster, NHK, Close Up Gendai.
Representing Japan, Defending Human Rights
Authors: Emmott Bill 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
When Miyoshi Mari joined the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1980 as a trainee diplomat she was the only female recruit out of twenty-eight; in 2016, the ministry recruited ten females and eighteen males. So recruitment is not yet equal but there will in future be a much larger number of potential female ambassadors to follow in Miyoshi-san’s footsteps. She was motivated to become a diplomat by an interest in peace and reconciliation, which similarly drew Osa Yukie to study and then become active in international human rights issues. Osa-san has studied indigenous minorities including Japan’s own Ainu but more recently has specialized in the issues of war crimes and genocide.
Thomas Aquinas on How the Soul Moves the Body
Authors: Cory David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It is uncontroversial that Thomas Aquinas has a hylomorphic account of both living and non-living beings. Yet some of his views about living beings, and especially his view that souls (including animal and plant souls) are movers of their bodies, seem to depart from his account of soul as a substantial form, taking a step in the direction of dualism. In this paper, I will (1) propose a new reading of what Aquinas means in calling the soul the mover of the body, and (2) distinguish the causal contribution of souls from that of inanimate substantial form on the one hand and from the action of spiritual substances on the other. The key to my interpretation will be a close analysis of vital motions as self-motions, which is the basis for Aquinas’s attributing a mover role to the soul in the first place.
Thomas of Sutton’s Intellectualist Doctrine of the Will’s Self-Motion
Authors: Szlachta Michael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Thomas Aquinas famously draws a distinction between a potency in the will to the specification of its act and a potency in the will to the exercise of its act. He also thinks that the will is moved to the specification of its act by the good apprehended by reason and to the exercise of its act by itself. Although Aquinas’s distinction has many attractive features, his explanation of how the will moves itself to the exercise of its act (namely, by moving reason) is not adequate; it does not really explain how the will’s potency to the exercise of its act is actualized. I argue that, by distinguishing between three modes of self-motion, effective, accidental, and consecutive, and two types of potency, essential and accidental, the early Oxford Thomist Thomas of Sutton (ca. 1250–1315) presents a plausible development of Aquinas’s distinction that addresses this problem; the will, by willing some end, actualizes its accidental potency to willing some means to that end, thereby moving itself consecutively. Although I think that Sutton does give us the means to clear up some of the confusion surrounding Aquinas’s view on the will, I also motivate some doubts about whether he really succeeds in preserving what makes Aquinas’s distinction so attractive in the first place.
Designing Organization Design
Authors: Magalhães Rodrigo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As a topic, organization design is poorly understood. While it is featured in most management textbooks as a chapter dedicated to organizational structures, it is unclear whether organization design is a one-off event or an ongoing process. Thus, it has traditionally been understood to be the same as an organizational configuration, with neat lines of communication and distribution of responsibilities, following pre-set typologies. However, what can be said to constitute organizational structure in this first half of the 21st century? The extraordinary growth of digital communications, the decreasing relevance of hierarchical bureaucracies, and the general demise of command-and-control have all but decimated the traditional notion of organizational structure. In this book it is argued that organization design needs a theoretical revamping. Using a mix of design and social sciences theories and concepts, the new approach is divided into three parts: design logics, design processes, and design leadership. A generic definition of organization design logics is offered, as a set of beliefs shared by managers and entrepreneurs in given sectors of the economy about the way organizations should be designed. Five logics and three types of designing processes are put forward. Logics: (1) the identity logic, (2) the normative logic, (3) the service logic, (4) the logic of effectual reasoning, (5) the logic of interactive structure. Processes: (1) intended design, (2) emergent design, (3) perceived design. For the leadership part, a model of leaderful organization design(ing) is proposed, with the following distinguishing features: (a) practice-based, (b) guided by values of democratic participation, (c) places meaning-making and meaning-taking at the centre of organizational life, (d) driven by design logics, which can be adopted and adapted to suit different internal and external environments.
Introduction
Authors: Magalhães Rodrigo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Introduction deals with four issues which summarize the aims and the reach of the book. First, the realization that organizations dominate our socioeconomic landscape, with their influence and their impact on the environmental, ethical, and social issues of our age, extending to our everyday lives. Second, it focuses on the widespread dissatisfaction with the way organizations are governed and managed, the lowering of moral standards, and the increase in the toxicity of most organizational environments. Third, it suggests that the prevalent theoretical paradigm of contingency and configuration not only seems to have reached a total impasse in terms of further academic development but, more importantly, it has not succeeded in creating organizations that fulfill the needs and ambitions of ordinary people. Fourth, it proposes that design, design theory, and design culture have much to offer to organization design and should indeed constitute the basis for the new, badly needed paradigm.
The Logic of Identity and the Normative Logic
Authors: Magalhães Rodrigo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Attention is focused on the instrumental uses of identity, that is, how identity affects perceptions of organization design and how it can be instrumental in changing organization designs. The concept of identity orientation is highlighted, given the crucial role it plays in the linking between the identity logic and the normative logic. In many ways, identity is also normative because, once established, it sets the standards of behaviour. Given the intimate relationship between the two logics, they are dealt with in the same chapter. The normative logic is inspired by the principle of ethics from design theory, but for purposes of organization design it finds translation in stakeholder theory, which holds that (1) enterprises have a moral duty to ensure the welfare of all their stakeholders, not only that of stockholders; (2) by acting in a socially responsible manner toward all their stakeholders, firms can enhance their performance and gain business advantage
The Service Logic and the Logic of Effectual Reasoning
Authors: Magalhães Rodrigo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The service logic has important integrative potential, bringing together not only the economic and commercial concerns of organizational design but also a significant part of its normative considerations. Given that service co-creation implies mutual dependence and reciprocal exchange, the service-centred view of the organization gets drawn directly into the ethical behaviour of the actors involved. Moreover, service integrates also the logic of ‘effectuation’, a concept put forward to explain entrepreneurial action in terms of the processes of creation and development of firms. However, most managers reason in terms of a logic of planning or causation, leading most organizations to be dominated by a traditional, finance-biased mind-set rather than an entrepreneurial one. This chapter highlights that in order to excel at service design, which entails cooperation, networking, and meaning-making, managers should be taught to think primarily as entrepreneurs and only secondarily as financial managers
The Logic of Interactive Structure
Authors: Magalhães Rodrigo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter builds on the discussions in Chapter 4 about the bridging between organization design (design as a noun) and organization designing (design as a verb). Based on the key precepts of Giddens’ (1984) social theory, it is argued that the traditional notion of organizational structure can be split into the concepts of structure and structuration and that while ‘structure’ is relatively stable, ‘structuration’ is ever changing. This allows us to talk of ‘interactive structure’ as a type of structure that changes with interaction and where the emphasis is on the monitoring of interactions between human and non-human actors, by means of multiple types of traces. Thus, rather than controlling people, with interactive structure, organizations are better able to deal with the disconnect between the formal and the informal sides of organization and take full advantage of the organizational capital to be found in one of the key characteristics of informal organization, i.e. improvisation.
Hittite Texts and Greek Religion
Authors: Rutherford Ian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
There has been a lot of interest in recent decades in the question of whether ancient Greek religion was influenced by the religions of the Ancient Near East. This book examines the relationship between Greek religion and the religious system of the Hittites, as we know it from cuneiform texts perserved in the Hittite archives. The question seems worth exploring partly because the Hittite texts are such a rich source for religion, documenting religious practices of many cultures Anatolia in the Late Bronze Age (e.g. the Luwians), and partly because the Hittites are known to have been in contact with Mycenaean Greece, known to them as Ahhiyawa. Greek religion of the 1st millennium BC may also show influence from Hittite religion, either inheriting it from Mycenaean religon or borrowing it from the successor cultures of Anatolia. The book is divided into three parts: Part 1 (chapters 1-4) is introductory, setting out the evidence and a methodological paradigm for using comparative data (chapter 4). Part 2 (chapters 5-8) look at cases where there may have been contact or influence: contact in the Late Bronze (chapter 5), the case of scapegoat rituals (chapter 6), Cybele (chapter 7) and the Kumarbi-Cycle (chapter 8). Part 3 looks at some key aspects of religion shared by both religious systems: the pantheon (chapter 9), rituals of war (chapter 10), festivals (chapter 11) and animal sacrifice (chapter 12).
Generations of Gods and the South-East
Authors: Rutherford Ian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The subject of Chapter 7 is a second key area of contact, the NE corner of the Mediterranean comprising Cilicia, the Levant and Cyprus. This had long been an area of intense East-West contact, perhaps primarily mercantile in nature. This is the most likely route by which the so-called Kingship in Heaven Cycle of myths reached Greece, if it did, perhaps bringing with associated ideas about categories of celestial and chthonian gods. Paradoxically, although these myths are best preserved in Hittite translations or adaptations discovered in the archives of Boğaz-Köy, it is more likely than not that the lender culture was in this case Ugarit or some other state in NW Syria. The orthodox view that the main period of contact was the 8th century BC could be right (though our ideas about this are changing in the light of new discoveries from Tell Tayinat and other sites). However, such links were probably already established in the LBA and they could be even earlier than that.
Multifocal Pain as a Predictor of Pain Outcomes in Military Veterans with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Secondary Data Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bushey Michael A , Ang Dennis , Wu Jingwei , Outcalt Samantha D , Krebs Erin E , Yu Zhangsheng , Bair Matthew J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to examine 1) the relationship between multifocal pain and clinical characteristics, including demographics, pain outcomes, somatic symptoms, health-related quality of life, depression, and anxiety, and 2) whether multifocal pain was independently associated with treatment response.

Methods
We conducted a secondary data analysis on veterans with chronic pain enrolled in the Evaluation of Stepped Care for Chronic Pain (ESCAPE) trial with complete data at 9 months (n = 222). We examined baseline relationships and used multivariable linear regression to examine whether multifocal pain was independently associated with outcomes that included Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Interference scale and Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS) scores between baseline and 9 months.

Results
The sample had a mean BPI Interference score of 5.3 ± 2.2 and a mean GCPS score of 65.6 ± 13.7, 55% had significant depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item depression scale [PHQ-9] score of ≥10), and 42% had significant anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale [GAD-7] score of ≥10). Veterans reporting three or more pain sites (the “more diffuse pain” group) had significantly less improvement on GCPS (b = 4.6, standard error [SE] = 2.3, P = 0.045), BPI Interference (b = 1.0, SE = 0.2, P = 0.0011), and health-related quality of life (Short-Form 36-item scale, Physical Component Summary) (b = 4.1, SE = 1.0, P &lt; 0.0001) than did veterans reporting fewer than three pain sites (the “less diffuse pain” group). More diffuse pain was not associated with changes in PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores.

Conclusions
Multifocal pain predicted worse pain outcomes between baseline and 9 months in veterans enrolled in a trial for treating chronic musculoskeletal pain.
Cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular event rates in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases in the CARdiovascular in rheuMAtology (CARMA) prospective study—results at 5 years of follow-up
Authors: Martín-Martínez María A , Castañeda Santos , Sánchez-Alonso Fernando , García-Gómez Carmen , González-Juanatey Carlos , Sánchez-Costa Jesús T , Belmonte-López María A , Tornero-Molina Jesús , Santos-Rey José , Sánchez González Carmen O , Quesada Estefanía , Moreno-Gil María P , Cobo-Ibáñez Tatiana , Pinto-Tasnde José A , Babío-Herráez Jesús , Bonilla Gema , Juan-Mas Antonio , Manero-Ruiz Francisco J , Romera-Baurés Montserrat , Bachiller-Corral Javier , Chamizo-Carmona Eugenio , Uriarte-Ecenarro Mirem , Barbadillo Carmen , Fernández-Carballido Cristina , Aurrecoechea Elena , Möller-Parrera Ingrid , Llorca Javier , González-Gay Miguel A ,   for the CARMA Project Collaborative Group
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To determine cardiovascular (CV) mortality and incidence of the first CV event (CVE) in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRD) after 5 years of follow-up.

Methods
This is an analysis of the CARdiovascular in rheMAatology (CARMA) study after 5 years of follow-up. It includes patients with RA (n = 775), AS (n = 738) and PsA (n = 721), and individuals without CIRD (n = 677) attending outpatient rheumatology clinics from 67 public hospitals in Spain. Descriptive analyses were performed for the CV mortality at 5 years. The Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) function at 5 years was calculated to determine the expected risk of CV mortality. Poisson models were used to estimate the incidence rates of the first CVE. Hazard ratios of the risk factors involved in the development of the first CVE were evaluated using the Weibull proportional hazard model.

Results
Overall, 2382 subjects completed the follow-up visit at 5 years. Fifteen patients died due to CVE. CV deaths observed in the CIRD cohort were lower than that predicted by SCORE risk charts. The highest incidence rate of CVE [7.39 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI 4.63, 11.18)] was found in PsA patients. However, after adjusting for age, sex and CV risk factors, AS was the inflammatory disease more commonly associated with CVE at 5 years [hazard ratio 4.60 (P =0.02)], compared with those without CIRD.

Conclusions
Cardiovascular mortality in patients with CIRD at 5 years of follow-up is lower than estimated. Patients with AS have a higher risk of developing a first CVE after 5 years of follow-up.
Severe muscle damage with myofiber necrosis and macrophage infiltrates characterize anti-Mi2 positive dermatomyositis
Authors: Fornaro Marco , Girolamo Francesco , Cavagna Lorenzo , Franceschini Franco , Giannini Margherita , Amati Angela , Lia Anna , Tampoia Marilina , D’Abbicco Dario , Maggi Lorenzo , Fredi Micaela , Zanframundo Giovanni , Moschetti Liala , Coladonato Laura , Iannone Florenzo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
The aim of our study was to investigate clinical and histopathological findings in adult DM patients positive for anti-Mi2 (anti-Mi2+) antibodies compared with DM patients negative for anti-Mi2 (anti-Mi2–).

Methods
Clinical data of adult DM patients, who fulfilled EULAR/ACR 2017 classification criteria, were gathered from electronic medical records of three tertiary Rheumatology Units. Histopathological study was carried out on 12 anti-Mi2+ and 14 anti-Mi2– muscle biopsies performed for diagnostic purpose. Nine biopsies from immune mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) patients were used as control group.

Results
Twenty-two anti-Mi2+ DM [90.9% female, mean age 56.5 (15.7) years] were compared with 69 anti-Mi2– DM patients [71% female, mean age 52.4 (17) years]. Anti-Mi2+ patients presented higher levels of serum muscle enzymes than anti-Mi2– patients [median (IQR) creatine-kinase fold increment: 16 (7–37)vs 3.5 (1–9.9), P &lt;0.001] before treatment initiation. Moreover, a trend towards less pulmonary involvement was detected in anti-Mi2+ DM (9.1% vs 30.4%, P =0.05), without any case of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. At muscle histology, anti-Mi2+ patients showed more necrotic/degenerative fibres than anti-Mi2– patients [mean 5.3% (5) vs 0.8% (1), P &lt;0.01], but similar to IMNM [5.9% (6), P &gt;0.05]. In addition, the endomysial macrophage score was similar between anti-Mi2+ and IMNM patients [mean 1.2 (0.9) vs 1.3 (0.5), P &gt;0.05], whereas lower macrophage infiltration was found in anti-Mi2– DM [mean 0.4 (0.5), &lt;0.01].

Conclusions
Anti-Mi2+ patients represent a specific DM subset with high muscle damage. Histological hallmarks were a higher prevalence of myofiber necrosis, endomysial involvement and macrophage infiltrates at muscle biopsy.