bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compressive strength and truck run over ability of plastic/sand paving block composites
Authors: Mashudi I , Suardana N P G , Arya Thanaya I N , Bandem Adnyana I W , Kencanawati C I P K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Plastic waste has a negative effect on the environment since it could not be decomposed easily, and it could decrease soil fertility. One way to decrease plastic waste is by mixing it with sand to make paving blocks, because the characteristic of plastic is elastic and flexible, so it is expected that the material will be ductile and strong. Material of this study used LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) plastic which was chopped and mixed with 6 mesh sand with variation of 1 kg (plastic): 5 kg (sand) and 1 kg (plastic): 7 kg (sand) (1:5 and 1:7). The sand was inserted into mixing machine with 200 °C temperature for 5-10 minutes, after that the chopped plastic was inserted and mixed for 30-35 minutes. Molding process was done by pressure tool. After that testing was done by using compressive machine and run over vehicle. The research result showed that the lowest damage occurred on plastic and sand composition of 1:5 as much as 0.113% and had compressive strength 16.667 MPa, and the highest damage occurred on plastic and sand composition of 1:7 as much 0.267% and had compressive strength 12.963 MPa.
Beneficiation opportunities for osmium: A review
Authors: Nkomo Duduzile , Mwamba Alain 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis review summarises the safe production of osmium and its compounds and its functionality from both the chemistry and materials perspectives. A review of the available data shows that there is a lot of potential for osmium (II) compounds to be used for traffic signalling as molecular signal gates using electrochemical generated power. Osmium (II) compounds can also be used for biomedical applications such as the development of anti-cancer drugs. Organic compounds of osmium have also been found to possess excellent electrochemical properties which are useful for redox flow battery. Different synthesis routes to produce these compounds and implementation thereof into the redox flow battery systems are described in details. This review of osmium and its compounds possess a variety of correlated properties with a potential to put an emergent demand on osmium for various applications.
Influence of organoclay on behaviour of polylactic acid (PLA)/polypropylene (PP) blend
Authors: Hafizah Abdul Halim Noor , Zaharah Engku Zawawi Engku , Zafir Romli Ahmad , Mohd Dahan Rozana , Yuliana Yuhana Nor 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, thermoplastic composite by blending of Polylactic acid (PLA) and Polypropylene (PP) was prepared with fixed ratio of 75:25 % by weight. Varying content of organoclay were studied with different loading of 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt.% in order to study the potential of this nanofiller in the composite. The composites were prepared by using twin screw extruder. Characterizing of PLA/PP-Clay (PLA/PP-C) composites were analyzed by focusing on physical, thermal and morphological properties. Water absorptions was analyze to observe the percentage of water uptake when percentage loading of organoclay added were increased. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed to analyze the thermal stability and thermal sensitivity of the composite. Meanwhile, x-ray diffraction (XRD) were observed to study the fracture surfaces of PLA/PP-Clay composites. In water absoptions analysis it was found that the percentage of water uptake were decreased when organoclay added at 7 wt.%. DSC results showed that melting temperature (Tm) were decreased when the loading of organoclay increased and the thermal stability was improved by addition of organoclay. Morphological analysis by XRD showed that exfoliation and intercalation happened in the system. It is suggested that these combination of PLA/PP-Clay have a good potential for the fabrication of nanocomposites.
Experimental study on the shear behavior of GFRP reinforced concrete beams strengthened using CFRP sheets
Authors: Talha Junaid M , Saboor Karzad Abdul , Elbana Abdalla 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams. The beams under consideration are reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. Also, the effect of shear strengthening on such beams is studied. For this purpose a total of four beams were tested where two served as control beams, while the other two were strengthened using U shape carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets, bonded externally. Each beam is 2.4 m long, simply supported and subjected to a four-point load under displacement control mode. The strengthened beams showed a noticeable increase in the load-bearing capacity of the specimen. The failure load recorded of these specimens was 208 kN, an increase of 25%. Moreover, the mode of failure changed from pure shear to concrete crushing in the compression zone. The results indicate that using CFRP sheets to strengthen GFRP reinforced beams in shear is a viable option. However, the results also suggest that the known adverse interaction between EB-CFRP and conventional steel stirrups could be applicable between EB-CFRP and GFRP shear reinforcement in strengthened beams. Therefore the predicted EB-CFRP shear capacity by ACI 440.2R turned to be unconservative when compared to the experimental results.
Study of the hardness and microstructure profiles of SKD61 steel plunger tip (local material) after plasma nitriding
Authors: Sudjadi Usman , Sinaga R V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Hardness and Microstructure Profiles of SKD61 Steel Plunger Tip (local material) after Plasma Nitriding have studied. To improve SKD61 quality for high temperature use, a plunger tip can be hardened through surface treatment using a plasma/ion nitriding technique. To test the success of the surface treatment, the nitriding temperature was varied from 350°C to 550°C with step for 50 °C for the nitriding process completed for 10 hours. The results, it can be seen that the optimum surface hardness was achieved when the nitriding temperature was 500°C with Vickers hardness (HV) was 955.29 HV with a depth of up to 100 μm from the surface of the specimen. At such a nitriding temperature, the hardness increased 1.79 times in comparison with that after hardening only, and it increased 2.076 times in comparison with that of the initial hardness. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that plasma nitriding temperature affects the amount of nitrogen concentration diffused into the substrate material. Nitride layer formed was possibly of Fe N, Cr2N, VN, δ Fe, and γ Fe.
The U.S. Supreme Court: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Greenhouse Linda 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The U.S. Supreme Court: A Very Short Introduction draws on the Court’s history and its written and unwritten rules to show how it operates in the early twenty-first century. Today’s Supreme Court, housed in a majestic building on Capitol Hill, bears little resemblance to the institution launched by the Framers of the Constitution and was originally seen as the weakest of the three branches of government. Over the next 200 years, the Court put the independence the Framers gave it to use and now largely defines itself. How do cases reach the Supreme Court? What features have other courts around the world taken from the Supreme Court, and what have they left?
Clinical Performance of Mycobacterial Immunohistochemistry in Anatomic Pathology Specimens
Authors: Crothers Jessica W , Laga Alvaro C , Solomon Isaac H 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesDiagnosis of mycobacterial infections poses significant challenges in anatomic pathology. We recently described the use of antimycobacteria immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a sensitive, efficient diagnostic tool and now report the clinical performance of this assay among general, noninfectious disease pathology-trained anatomic pathologists.MethodsOver a 2-year period, all cases were retrospectively identified in which mycobacterial IHC was performed during routine diagnostic workup.ResultsFrom October 2017 to September 2019, mycobacterial IHC was evaluated for 267 cases, resulting in 58 (22%) positive stains. Compared with culture and molecular results, the sensitivity and specificity of IHC were 52% and 80%, respectively. IHC performed significantly better than acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining (Ziehl-Neelsen) (P &lt; .0001; sensitivity 21%, specificity 92%) but similarly to modified AFB staining (mAFB; Fite-Faraco) (P = .9; sensitivity 61%, specificity 84%). In cases with discordant IHC and mAFB staining, there were no differences in rates of culture or polymerase chain reaction–confirmed positivity.ConclusionsMycobacterial IHC was well adopted with superior clinical performance to AFB and comparable performance to mAFB. These results support the use of IHC as an adjunctive tool in the diagnosis of mycobacterial infections and suggests its potential role as a rapid screening test for molecular testing.
Memory Impairment and Hippocampal Volume after Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: Tamura Takehiro , Sugihara Genichi , Takahashi Hidehiko 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
We report longitudinal changes in neuroimaging and neuropsychological measurements in a case of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning showing reversible changes in hippocampal volume, which was closely linked to the degree of memory impairment.

Methods
The current study presents a female in her early 20s, with a high school level of education. She became aware of headaches and drowsiness while working in a restaurant that operated charcoal braziers, and she was urgently transported to our hospital. Her high blood carboxyhemoglobin concentration led to a diagnosis of CO poisoning, but no obvious abnormalities were found by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and physical examinations. She underwent a series of hyperbaric oxygen therapies. One year after CO poisoning, she consulted a psychiatrist due to her own awareness of gradually worsening memory function. She was assessed by brain MRI and standard neuropsychological tests every 6 months for 1 year.

Results
Her neuropsychological profile showed the impairment of memory function according to a low score of Delayed Recall Index of Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised. At 320 days after CO poisoning, her hippocampal volume had decreased by 3%. Her memory function was found to have improved at 530 days after CO poisoning. Of note, during this period, her hippocampal volume had increased by approximately 7%.

Conclusions
This report suggests that a clinician should conduct careful neuropsychological examinations to avoid overlooking mild sequelae of CO poisoning, even if a general assessment of brain MRI is normal.
Patient Selection for Pedal Soft Tissue Augmentation
Authors: Baron Marissa E , Minteer Danielle M , Gusenoff Beth R , Gusenoff Jeffrey A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Pedal fat grafting has been shown to improve pain and functional impairment from forefoot fat pad atrophy.

Objectives
The authors aimed to determine if patient demographics and foot characteristics play a role in the level of impact that is achieved following surgery.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective review of patients who received forefoot autologous fat injections for the treatment of pedal fat pad atrophy. Patient improvement of pain and functional impairment were evaluated for correlation with patient characteristics, including gender, age, BMI, unilateral vs bilateral injections, flexible vs rigid arch, previous foot deformity or surgery, and presence of callus.

Results
Forty-four patients received fat injections into the ball of their foot; 73% of them were women; their mean age was 61 years, and mean BMI was 26.6 kg/m2; 75% had injections performed bilaterally; 41% had a flexible arch, 73% had a past history of pedal deformity or surgery, and 43% had callus. Only female gender was found to correlate with an improvement in pain from the time of surgery to 12 months later (P = 0.02).

Conclusions
Bilateral rigid, high arched foot type is a risk factor for foot pain and disproportionately represented among these patients. The only patient characteristic found to be correlated with improvement in pain at 12 months post-surgery was female gender. BMI and laterality of injections impacted the course of improvement after surgery. Given current data, all patients with suspected pedal fat pad atrophy should be considered for soft tissue augmentation.

Level of Evidence: 4
Roles of gonad-inhibiting hormone in the protandric simultaneous hermaphrodite peppermint shrimp†
Authors: Shi Wenyuan , Liu Fang , Liu An , Huang Huiyang , Lin Qi , Zeng Chaoshu , Ye Haihui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
To date, the molecular mechanisms of the unique gonadal development mode known as protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism (PSH) are unclear in crustaceans. In this study, cDNA of a gonad-inhibiting hormone (Lv-GIH1) was isolated from the PSH peppermint shrimp Lysmata vittata, and its expression was exclusively found in the eyestalk ganglion. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that the expression of Lv-GIH1 increased during gonadal development of the functional male stages but decreased significantly at subsequent simultaneous hermaphroditism stage. Further in vitro experiment showed that recombinant GIH1 protein (rGIH1) effectively inhibited Vg expression in the cultured hepatopancreas tissues while the short-term injection of GIH1-dsRNA resulted in reduced expression of Lv-GIH1 and upregulated expression of Vg in the hepatopancreas. Moreover, long-term rGIH1 injection led to significantly reduced expression of Lv-Vg, Lv-VgR, and Lv-CFSH1, subdued growth of oocytes, and feathery setae as a secondary sexual characteristic in females. Interestingly, while germ cells in testicular part were suppressed by rGIH1 injection, the expression of Lv-IAGs showed no significant difference; and long-term GIH1-dsRNA injection results were contrary to those of rGIH1 injection. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that Lv-GIH1 is involved in gonadal development and might also participate in controlling secondary sexual characteristic development in L. vittata by inhibiting Lv-CFSH1 expression.
Chemical profiling of Dioscorea septemloba by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Electrospray Ionization and Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Ling Yun , Chen Lu , Wang Dan , Xiao Xin , Xu Wenjing , Yan Hui , Yu Hongling , Zhang Qing , Qu Weihong , Chen Jian , Ji Xiaohong , Yu Qunying 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The rhizomes of Dioscorea septemloba (DS) is one of traditional Chinese medicine, which can be used for treatments of urethral and renal infections, as well as rheumatism. Nevertheless, detailed information on DS chemical compositions is still scarce. Therefore, the present work is aimed at investigating the phytochemical components of DS using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in negative ion mode. The proposed method provided tentative identification of 32 components, 6 of which were determined to be new. The present study highlighted the importance of DS as a promising source of medicinal ingredients and provides valuable information on the new potential components in DS.
WellExplorer: an integrative resource linking hydraulic fracturing chemicals with hormonal pathways and geographic location
Authors: Wetherbee Owen , Meeker Jessica R , DeVoto Caroline , Penning Trevor M , Moore Jason H , Boland Mary Regina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Exposure to hydraulic fracturing fluid in drinking water increases the risk of many adverse health outcomes. Unfortunately, most individuals and researchers are unaware of the health risks posed by a particular well due to the diversity of chemical ingredients used across sites. We constructed WellExplorer (http://WellExplorer.org), an interactive tool for researchers and community members to use for retrieving information regarding the hormonal, testosterone and estrogen modulators located at each well. We found that wells in Alabama use a disproportionately high number of ingredients targeting estrogen pathways, while Illinois, Ohio and Pennsylvania use a disproportionately high number of ingredients targeting testosterone pathways. Researchers can utilize WellExplorer to study health outcomes related to exposure to fracturing chemicals in their population-based cohorts. Community members can use this resource to search their home or work locations (e.g. town or zip code) to determine proximity between where they live or work and specific hormonal exposures.
High-grade atrioventricular block occurring during percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale: a case report
Authors: Kibler Marion , Marzak Halim , Jesel Laurence , Ohlmann Patrick 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) is recommended for patients presenting with PFO-related stroke. Acute high-grade conduction disturbances occurring during PFO closure procedure have not been previously reported.

Case summary
We describe for the first time a case of reversible complete atrioventricular block which occurred during closure of a PFO.

Discussion
We hypothesized that the block was the result of atrioventricular node compression—likely caused by the right-atrial disc of the 35-mm PFO closure device. We suggest implanting smaller devices in order to prevent atrioventricular conduction disturbances.
A novel pathway: chest wall percutaneous closure for an aortic pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Hu Min , Fang Zemin , Bo Zhixiang , Wei Xiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm is difficult to treat with traditional surgical techniques. We report a case involving a 32-year-old man with ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm who underwent a series of prior operations, including the Bentall procedure with total aortic arch replacement for type A aortic dissection and postoperative sternal resection for chronic osteomyelitis of the sternum. He was successfully treated with percutaneous device closure of the pseudoaneurysm with an atrial septal defect occluder. This case illustrates successful closure of ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm via a chest wall percutaneous approach.
Dynamics of bacterioplankton community structure in response to seasonal hydrological disturbances in Poyang Lake, the largest wetland in China
Authors: Zhao Man , Ma Yan-tian , He Shi-yao , Mou Xiaozhen , Wu Lan 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Bacterioplankton communities play a critical role in biogeochemical cycling in freshwater environments, but how the hydrological regime impacts the assembly of bacterioplankton communities remains unclear. This study examined differences in bacterioplankton community structures between wet (July and September) and dry (October and November) seasons in two consecutive years (2016 and 2017) in Poyang Lake, the largest seasonal freshwater lake in China. Our results revealed no overall difference in bacterioplankton compositions and their predicted functions among spatially separated sites. However, bacterioplankton communities did show significant temporal shifts, mainly between samples in November and other months. Transitions from the dry to the wet season were observed in October in both sampling years. Meanwhile, insignificant spatial but significant temporal differences were also found for physicochemical variables. Moreover, redundancy analysis indicates that compared with water depth, water temperature was found to better explain changes in the bacterioplankton community. These findings consistently indicate that the bacterioplankton community in Poyang Lake is relatively less sensitive to annual hydrology shifts than water temperature and nutrient conditions.
NAD(P)H-dependent thioredoxin-disulfide reductase TrxR is essential for tellurite and selenite reduction and resistance in Bacillus sp. Y3
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Zhang Yuxiao , Xu Zixiao , Luo Meizhong , Wang Gejiao 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTMicrobial reduction of selenite [Se(IV)] and tellurite [Te(IV)] to Se(0) and Te(0) can function as a detoxification mechanism and serve in energy conservation. In this study, Bacillus sp. Y3 was isolated and demonstrated to have an ability of simultaneous reduction of Se(IV) and Te(IV) during aerobic cultivation, with reduction efficiencies of 100% and 90%, respectively. Proteomics analysis revealed that the putative thioredoxin disulfide reductase (TrxR) and sulfate and energy metabolic pathway proteins were significantly upregulated after the addition of Se(IV) and Te(IV). qRT-PCR also showed an increased trxR transcription level in the presence of Se(IV) and Te(IV). Compared with a wild-type Escherichia coli strain, the TrxR-overexpressed E. coli strain showed higher Se(IV) and Te(IV) resistance levels and reduction efficiencies. Additionally, the TrxR showed in vitro Se(IV) and Te(IV) reduction activities when NADPH or NADH were present. When NADPH was used as the electron donor, the optimum conditions for enzyme activities were pH 8.0 and 37°C. The Km values of Te(IV) and Se(IV) were 16.31 and 2.91 mM, and the Vmax values of Te(IV) and Se(IV) were 12.23 and 11.20 µM min−1 mg−1, respectively. The discovery of the new reductive enzyme TrxR enriches the repertoire of the bacterial Se(IV) and Te(IV) resistance and reduction mechanisms. Bacillus sp. Y3 can efficiently reduce Se(IV) and Te(IV) simultaneously. Strain Y3 provides potential applications for selenite and tellurite bioremediation. The TrxR enzyme shows high catalytic activity for reducing Se(IV) and Te(IV). The discovery of TrxR enriches the bacterial Se(IV) and Te(IV) reduction mechanisms.
The HlyD-like membrane fusion protein All5304 is essential for acid stress survival of the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120
Authors: Shvarev Dmitry , Maldener Iris 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Acid stress is an environmental problem for plants and fresh water cyanobacteria like the filamentous, heterocyst forming species Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 (hereafter Anabaena sp.). Heterocyst differentiation, cell–cell communication and nitrogen fixation has been deeply studied in this model organism, but little is known about the cellular response of Anabaena sp. to decreased pH values, causing acid stress. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in acid stress response in other bacteria, by exporting proteins responsible for survival under acidification. The genome of Anabaena sp. encodes numerous ABC transporter components, whose function is not known yet. Here, we describe the function of the gene all5304 encoding a protein with homology to membrane fusion proteins of tripartite efflux pumps driven by ABC transporters like HlyBD-TolC of Escherichia coli. The all5304 mutant shows less resistance against low pH, even though the expression of the gene is independent from the pH of the medium. We compared the exoproteome of the wild type and mutant cultures and identified three proteins-candidate substrates of the putative transporter. Including the in silico analysis of All5304, our results suggest that All5304 functions as part of an efflux pump, secreting of a protein necessary for acid tolerance in Anabaena sp.