bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in comparison to conventional cigarette on color stability of dental restorative materials
Authors: Vohra Fahim , Andejani Abdulelah , Alamri Osamah , Alshehri Abdulaziz , Al-Hamdan Rana S , Almohareb Thamer , Abduljabbar Tariq 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) is increasing rapidly. However, its discoloring effect on dental restorations is not known. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ENDS aerosol when compared to conventional cigarette smoke (CS) on the color stability of dental ceramic (DC) and resin composite (RC).
Methods: This research project was conducted from November 2018 to May 2019. In this study 30 discs each for DC and RC materials were fabricated to be equally divided into groups of exposure to CS, ENDS aerosol and storage in distilled water (No smoke; NS) respectively (n=10). Specimens were exposed for a total of 7 days, with a rate of 10 cycles per day, each cycle represented 10 puffs. The color change was assessed using the CIELAB color space, by calculating ΔE. Data was analysed using ANOVA and multiple comparisons test.
Results: Ceramic specimens in CS (2.422 ± 0.771) and ENDS (2.396 ± 0.396) groups showed comparable ΔE (color change) (p=0.992). Similarly, composite specimens in CS (42.871 ± 2.442) and ENDS (46.866 ± 3.64) groups showed comparable ΔE (p>0.05). NS specimens in both composite and ceramic samples showed lower ΔE than CS and ENDS specimens respectively.
Conclusions: Aerosol from Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) showed similar discoloration levels as cigarette smoking (CS). The level of discoloration for ceramic samples for both ENDS and CS was below clinically perceptible levels (Mean ΔE < 2.5). Discoloration of composite resin due to CS and ENDS was visually perceptible (Mean ΔE > 4.0).
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2303
How to cite this:Vohra F, Andejani AF, Alamri O, Alshehri A, Al-Hamdan RS, Almohareb T, et al. Influence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in comparison to conventional cigarette on color stability of dental restorative materials. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):993-998. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2303
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Musculoskeletal ultrasound in the Differential Diagnosis of Gouty Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Xue Shao-wei , Luo Yu-kun , Zhao Yu-rong , Jiao Zi-yu 
Published: June 2020

Objective: To explore the role of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) in the differential diagnosis of gouty arthritis (GA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to analyze the ultrasound imaging features of the two diseases.
Methods: A retrospective study was carried out. A total of 66 patients who had been admitted to The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from May 2018 to March 2019 were enrolled. Among them, 34 patients were diagnosed with RA and were included in the RA group; 32 patients were diagnosed with gouty arthritis and were included in the GA group. The imaging features of musculoskeletal ultrasound were compared between the two groups of patients.
Results: A total of 34 patients were included in the RA group, including 17 males and 17 females. A total of 32 patients were included in the GA group, including 14 males and 18 females. There were no significant differences in gender composition, age, and duration of disease between the two groups (P>0.05). In the RA group, there were joint bone erosions with a clear boundary in seven cases and with a blurred boundary in 27 cases; synovial hyperplasia was observed in 27 cases, and point-like hyperechoic masses were observed in four cases. In the GA group, there were joint bone erosions with a clear boundary in 27 cases and with a blurred boundary in five cases; synovial hyperplasia was observed in four cases, tophus was observed in 23 cases, point-like hyperechoic masses were observed in 27 cases, and the tram-track sign was observed in 23 cases. The differences in bone erosion boundaries (c2=26.854, P<0.01), synovial hyperplasia (c2=29.631, P<0.01), tophus (P<0.01), point-like hyperechoic mass (c2=33.095, P<0.01), and tram-track sign (P<0.01) were statistically significant between the two groups of patients. In the RA group, blood flow signaling was Grade 0 in one case, Grade-I in five cases, Grade-II in 14 cases, and Grade-III in 14 cases. In the GA group, blood flow signaling was Grade 0 in 26 cases, Grade-I in three cases, Grade-II in three cases, and Grade-III in zero cases. The difference in the synovial blood flow signaling between the two groups of patients was statistically significant (c2=34.323, P<0.01).
Conclusions: MSUS has certain diagnostic value in the differentiation of GA and RA. Moreover, the two conditions have their own ultrasound imaging features.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2716
How to cite this:Xue SW, Luo YK, Zhao YR, Jiao ZY. Musculoskeletal ultrasound in the Differential Diagnosis of Gouty Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):977-981. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2716
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Infestação de Empoasca kraemeri Ross & Moore e Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood) em Cultivares de Feijoeiro, na Época da Seca, em Selvíria-MS, e os Efeitos na Produtividade
Authors: Sardinha de Souza Bruno Henrique , Gabriel de Oliveira Jefferson Anthony , De Oliveira Pereira Tatiane , Ribeiro Campos Alcebíades , Boiça Júnior Arlindo Leal 
Published: June 2020

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o
efeito de cultivares de feijoeiro sobre a infestação de Empoasca kraemeri Ross & Moore e Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood), durante a época da seca, bem como os
reflexos na produtividade. O ensaio foi conduzido na Fazenda de Pesquisa,
Ensino e Extensão da FEIS/UNESP, no município de Selvíria, MS. As cultivares de
feijoeiro utilizadas foram: IAC Aeté, IAC Tunã, IAC Tybatã, IAC Votuporganga,
IAC Apuã e Pérola. A semeadura foi realizada em 18/04/07, em delineamento em
blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram realizadas nove amostragens,
semanalmente, com início aos 12 dias após a emergência (DAE) onde foram
coletados, ao acaso, 10 folíolos da parte mediana das plantas por parcela, e em
laboratório foram quantificados o número de ninfas de cigarrinha e tripes. Não
houve diferença da infestação de E.
kraemeri e C. phaseoli entre as
cultivares em qualquer amostragem realizada nos diferentes DAE. Todas as
cultivares de feijoeiro avaliadas são suscetíveis ao ataque de E. kraemeri e C. phaseoli. A cigarrinha ocorre em maiores densidades
populacionais após os 40 DAE, enquanto a infestação de tripes está restrita da
emergência até os 40 DAE. A cultivar Pérola apresenta os maiores pesos de
vagens, sementes e de 100 sementes, e IAC Tunã é a mais produtiva.
Novos insetos sugadores (Hemiptera) atacando Eucalyptus cloeziana (Myrtaceae) em Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: De Menezes Claubert Wagner Guimarães , Soares Marcus Alvarenga , De Assis Júnior Sebastião Lourenço , Fonseca Arley José , Pires Evaldo Martins , Dos Santos José Barbosa 
Published: June 2020

A migração de pragas de plantas nativas para a eucaliptocultura pode causar perdas significativas em sua produção. Foi relatada a ocorrência das cigarrinhas Aethalion reticulatum Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) e Membracis lunata Fabricius (Hemiptera: Membracidae) em Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell. (Myrtaceae) no município de Couto de Magalhães de Minas, em Minas Gerais, Brasil. As espécies foram observadas em plantas de eucalipto em fase vegetativa no campo. A ocorrência desses insetos atacando o eucalipto indica sua migração de plantas frutíferas para o novo hospedeiro, não sendo recomendável a instalação de florestas de eucalipto próximas a áreas com fruticultura.
New sucking insects (Hemiptera) attacking Eucalyptus cloeziana (Myrtaceae) in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Abstract. The migration of pests of plants native to eucalyptus can cause significant losses in production. Been reported to occur of the leafhopper Aethalion reticulatum Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) and Membracis lunata Fabricius (Hemiptera: Membracidae) in Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell. (Myrtaceae) in the municipality of Couto de Magalhães de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The species were observed in eucalyptus plants in the vegetative stage in the field. The occurrence of these insects attacking eucalyptus indicates their migration from fruit trees to the new host and is not recommended to install eucalyptus forests near areas with fruit trees.
Cascade recurrent neural network-assisted nonlinear equalization for a 100  Gb/s PAM4 short-reach direct detection system
Authors: Xu Zhaopeng , Sun Chuanbowen , Ji Tonghui , Manton Jonathan H. , Shieh William 
Published: June 2020

We propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, cascade recurrent neural network (RNN)-based nonlinear equalizer for a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM)4 short-reach direct detection system. A 100 Gb/s PAM4 link is experimentally demonstrated over 15 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF), using a 16 GHz directly modulated laser (DML) in C-band. The link suffers from strong nonlinear impairments which is mainly induced by the mixture of linear channel effects with square-law detection, the DML frequency chirp, and the device nonlinearity. Experimental results show that the proposed cascade RNN-based equalizer outperforms other feedforward or non-cascade neural network (NN)-based equalizers owing to both its cascade and recurrent structure, showing the great potential to effectively tackle the nonlinear signal distortion. With the aid of a cascade RNN-based equalizer, a bit-error rate (BER) lower than the 7% hard-decision forward error correction (FEC) threshold can be achieved when the receiver power is larger than 5 dBm. Compared with traditional non-cascade NN-based equalizers, the training time could also be reduced by half with the help of the cascade structure.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE ATRIBUTOS DE SOLOS AO LONGO DE UMA TOPOSSEQUENCIA EM AMBIENTE DE CAMPINARANA NA AMAZÔNIA SUL OCIDENTAL, BRASIL
Authors: Dos Santos Pereira Sebastião , Araújo Edson Alves , Carlos de Lima Moreira Willian , Gomes Bardales Nilson , De Oliveira Eliane 
Published: June 2020

As Campinaranas são fitofisionomias que ocorrem na Amazônia e na região do Vale do Juruá, em domínio de solos arenosos e utilizados frequentemente para exploração mineral e agrícola. Objetivou-se caracterizar atributos de solo em uma topossequencia de ambiente de Campinarana Florestada de modo a subsidiar sua utilização de forma racional. Este trabalho foi realizado no município de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, em área de solos originados de arenitos da Formação Cruzeiro do Sul. Na área de estudo foram abertos três perfis de solo: topo, meia encosta e baixada. Os solos foram descritos e coletados para análises físicas e químicas de rotina. A classificação taxonômica foi realizada conforme o Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos. No topo constatou-se Neossolo Quartzarênico, um intergrade na meia encosta e Espodossolo Humilúvico na baixada. As análises físicas evidenciaram maiores proporções de areia nos perfis estudados, com predomínio da fração areia grossa, que favorecem a lixiviação, baixa capacidade de armazenamento de água e suscetibilidade à erosão. Os solos são pobres em nutrientes, com alta saturação de alumínio, e maior proporção de matéria orgânica no horizonte Espódico. Os solos e o ambiente estudados são altamente sucetíveis a degradação, se mal utilizados, sendo recomendados como áreas de conservação.
Sustainability Focus in Destination Management. The Case of Russia
Authors: DEDUSENKO Elena Aleksandrovna , WAGENSEIL Urs 
Published: June 2020

This paper analyzes the tourism management regarding sustainability of eight Russian regions and discusses the possibility of implementing the principles of sustainable tourism development in a particular region using the performance criteria of the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC).
The goals of this paper are to focus on sustainable tourism development as a function of destination management and discuss the problems of the integrated efforts of Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) in the field of tourism and destination sustainability.
Enhancement Student Understanding Through The Development Of Lab Module Based On Constructivistic
Authors: Oktiawan Wiharyanto , Hadiwodo Mochtar , Purwono Purwono 
Published: June 2020

Experimental focuses learning on developing the skills of student in the process of knowledge, discover and develop their own fact, concept, and values required. The way to make it is by doing modification to the practical guidance module had been given. Nowadays, practical guidance tend to emphasize on the explanation, so its use both practical and follow the path that has been presented. The practical guidance module should be modified based on constructivism. The module is an experimental guidance to environmental laboratory subject. The test material consists of water and wastewater sample with parameter of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solid (TDS), and nitrate. The results showed progress in the cognitive aspects such students' ability to predict the concentration of COD sample. The greater COD concentration of wastewater make the color of mixture is blue-green. The student could communicate the calibration curves correctly. Hypothesis skills presented at TDS testing. The greater of the sediment, the greater the concentration of its. The same thing happened on COD testing, COD levels can be estimated earlier. The skills show an increasing such as the skill to ask questions, experiment planning skills, skills in using tools/materials, accuracy in data retrieval, seriousness and cooperation in conducting the experiment.
DETERMINATION OF EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS REQUIRED BY ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA
Authors: Olojuolawe Sunday Rufus , Amin Fadila Nor Bt 
Published: June 2020

The rate of unemployment among youths in Nigeria has assumed a worrisome dimension. More importantly that those affected are specialized graduates from tertiary institutions. The youth unemployment rate has been of persitent increase since 2014 from from 11.7% to 36.5% in 2018. It has been established that the vacancies exists, but the graduates lack the skills to match the jobs. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to identify the constructs and sub-constructs of employability skills that are needed to match Electrical Technology students with the labour market. The resaerch design is a qualitative metthod involving document analysis and interview protocol of stakeholders in electrical technology. The stakehoders were the academics and the employers. The documents were analysed using frequency matrix table. While the interview of the stakeholders (experts) were done thematically. To ensure the reliability of the constructs and sub-constructs, an item pool was constructed to determine the agreement and content reliability index for the constructs. From the item pool, 5 constructs and 193 sub-constructs were generated. These were constructed into instrument for expert review. Three experts in electrical technology rated the instrument for determining the aggreement level, using the Fleiss kappa approach. The percent agreement for the raters are 89.63%, 86.01%, and 81.86% respectively with a mean agreement of 85.83%. The 85.83% indicate an almost perfect agreement by the experts for each of the constructs in the instrument. This is very good for producing a functional framework of employability skills.
The Development of Technology-supported Approaches to the LO Process for Accredited Engineering Programs
Authors: Lackeyram Dale , Donald John R , Gorrie Richard , Zytner Richard G 
Published: June 2020

Tracking graduate outcomes is a new requirement for engineering education in Canada. Working closely with curriculum developers and educational technologists, the School of Engineering at the University of Guelph has shown it is possible to put in place an effective process. The process requires engaged participants, an open-mindedness and integrated technologies to collect and report the data. Combining people, process and technology provides a way for data analysis to satisfy accreditation requirements and internal quality education metrics. This paper describes the approach taken and identifies strengths, challenges, and opportunities to be successful, and support the ultimate goal of curriculum improvement.
Taro Genome Assembly and Linkage Map Reveal QTLs for Resistance to Taro Leaf Blight
Authors: Bellinger M Renee , Paudel Roshan , Starnes Steven , Kambic Lukas , Kantar Michael B , Wolfgruber Thomas , Lamour Kurt , Geib Scott , Sim Sheina , Miyasaka Susan C , Helmkampf Martin , Shintaku Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTaro (Colocasia esculenta) is a food staple widely cultivated in the humid tropics of Asia, Africa, Pacific and the Caribbean. One of the greatest threats to taro production is Taro Leaf Blight caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora colocasiae. Here we describe a de novo taro genome assembly and use it to analyze sequence data from a Taro Leaf Blight resistant mapping population. The genome was assembled from linked-read sequences (10x Genomics; ∼60x coverage) and gap-filled and scaffolded with contigs assembled from Oxford Nanopore Technology long-reads and linkage map results. The haploid assembly was 2.45 Gb total, with a maximum contig length of 38 Mb and scaffold N50 of 317,420 bp. A comparison of family-level (Araceae) genome features reveals the repeat content of taro to be 82%, &gt;3.5x greater than in great duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), 23%. Both genomes recovered a similar percent of Benchmarking Universal Single-copy Orthologs, 80% and 84%, based on a 3,236 gene database for monocot plants. A greater number of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat disease resistance genes were present in genomes of taro than the duckweed, ∼391 vs. ∼70 (∼182 and ∼46 complete). The mapping population data revealed 16 major linkage groups with 520 markers, and 10 quantitative trait loci (QTL) significantly associated with Taro Leaf Blight disease resistance. The genome sequence of taro enhances our understanding of resistance to TLB, and provides markers that may accelerate breeding programs. This genome project may provide a template for developing genomic resources in other understudied plant species.
Environmental and Genetic Contributions to Imperfect wMel-Like Wolbachia Transmission and Frequency Variation
Authors: Hague Michael T J , Mavengere Heidi , Matute Daniel R , Cooper Brandon S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Maternally transmitted Wolbachia bacteria infect about half of all insect species. They usually show imperfect maternal transmission and often produce cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). Irrespective of CI, Wolbachia frequencies tend to increase when rare only if they benefit host fitness. Several Wolbachia, including wMel that infects Drosophila melanogaster, cause weak or no CI and persist at intermediate frequencies. On the island of São Tomé off West Africa, the frequencies of wMel-like Wolbachia infecting Drosophila yakuba (wYak) and Drosophila santomea (wSan) fluctuate, and the contributions of imperfect maternal transmission, fitness effects, and CI to these fluctuations are unknown. We demonstrate spatial variation in wYak frequency and transmission on São Tomé. Concurrent field estimates of imperfect maternal transmission do not predict spatial variation in wYak frequencies, which are highest at high altitudes where maternal transmission is the most imperfect. Genomic and genetic analyses provide little support for D. yakuba effects on wYak transmission. Instead, rearing at cool temperatures reduces wYak titer and increases imperfect transmission to levels observed on São Tomé. Using mathematical models of Wolbachia frequency dynamics and equilibria, we infer that temporally variable imperfect transmission or spatially variable effects on host fitness and reproduction are required to explain wYak frequencies. In contrast, spatially stable wSan frequencies are plausibly explained by imperfect transmission, modest fitness effects, and weak CI. Our results provide insight into causes of wMel-like frequency variation in divergent hosts. Understanding this variation is crucial to explain Wolbachia spread and to improve wMel biocontrol of human disease in transinfected mosquito systems.
Representación difusa del umbral de precipitaciones en el desencadenamiento de procesos de remoción en masa
Authors: González-Campos José , Romero-González Carlos , Carvajal-Muquillaza Cristian 
Published: June 2020

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es la implementación de una nueva metodología de representación cuantitativa de registros métricos sobre los procesos de remoción en masa que incorpore la imprecisión propia y en coherencia con la naturaleza humana o técnica. La pesquisa se enmarca en un paradigma positivista, con alcance cuantitativo, de medición longitudinal, en un contexto propositivo. La muestra de estudio está caracterizada por los registros diarios de precipitaciones de las estaciones meteorológicas Punta Ángeles del Servicio Meteorológico de la Armada de Chile y Laboratorio de Meteorología del Instituto de Geografía, de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, entre los años 2008 y 2013. Como resultado, se observa que la metodología propuesta permite tomar decisiones rápidas y con un soporte estadístico formal, además se muestra consistencia en las mediciones de precipitaciones realizadas por ambas estaciones; por otro lado, se mejoró la creación de un umbral de alerta y finalmente, se pudo establecer que la variabilidad de las precipitaciones en las estaciones meteorológicas de estudio y los años de registro no presentan diferencias significativas, por lo que se concluye que la propuesta se transforma en una mejora cualitativa en la generación de resultados cuantitativos.