bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersal strategies of juvenile pike (Esox luciusL.): Influences and consequences for body size, somatic growth and trophic position
Authors: Nyqvist Marina J. , Cucherousset Julien , Gozlan Rodolphe E. , Beaumont William R.C. , Britton J. Robert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIndividual variability in dispersal strategies, where some individuals disperse and others remain resident, is a common phenomenon across many species. Despite its important ecological consequences, the mechanisms and individual consequences of dispersal remain poorly understood. Here, riverine Northern pike (Esox lucius) juveniles (age 0+ (young‐of‐the‐year) and 1+ years) were used to investigate the influence of body size and trophic position (at capture) on the dispersal from off‐channel natal habitats and the subsequent consequences for body sizes, specific growth rate and trophic position (at recapture). Individuals that dispersed into the river (“dispersers”) were not significantly different in body size than those remaining on nursery grounds (“stayers”). For trophic position, 0+ dispersers were of significantly lower trophic position than stayers, but with this not apparent in the 1+ fish. Following dispersal into the river, the dispersers grew significantly faster than stayers and, on recapture, were significantly larger, but with no significant differences in their final trophic positions. Early dispersal into the river was, therefore, not associated with early dietary shifts to piscivory and the attainment of larger body sizes of individuals whilst in their natal habitats, contrary to prediction. These results suggest that despite an increasing risk of mortality for individuals dispersing early from natal areas, there are long‐term benefits via elevated growth rates and, potentially, higher fitness. Such early dispersal behaviour could be driven by early competitive displacement.
Alarm communication networks as a driver of community structure in African savannah herbivores
Authors: Meise Kristine , Franks Daniel W. , Bro‐Jørgensen Jakob 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSocial information networks have the potential to shape the spatial structure of ecological communities by promoting the formation of mixed‐species groups. However, what actually drives social affinity between species in the wild will depend on the characteristics of the species available to group. Here we first present an agent‐based model that predicts trait‐related survival benefits from mixed‐species group formation in a multi‐species community and we then test the model predictions in a community‐wide field study of African savannah herbivores using multi‐layered network analysis. We reveal benefits from information transfer about predators as a key determinant of mixed‐species group formation, and that dilution benefits alone are not enough to explain patterns in interspecific sociality. The findings highlight the limitations of classical ecological approaches focusing only on direct trophic interactions when analysing community structure and suggest that declines in species occupying central social network positions, such as key informants, can have significant repercussions throughout communities.
Stock market anomalies and baseball cards
Authors: Engelberg Joseph , Thompson Linh , Williams Jared 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBaseball cards exhibit anomalies that are analogous to those that are documented in financial markets, namely, momentum, price drift in the direction of past fundamental performance, and initial public offering (IPO) underperformance. Momentum is higher among active players than retired players, and among newer sets than older sets. Regarding IPO underperformance, we find that newly issued rookie cards underperform newly issued cards of veteran players, and that newly issued sets underperform older sets. The results are broadly consistent with models of slow information diffusion and short‐selling constraints.
A carbon‐nanofiber glass composite with high electrical conductivity
Authors: Tao Guangming , Chen Shi , Pandey Sudeep J. , Tan Felix A. , Ebendorff‐Heidepriem Heike , Molinari Michael , Abouraddy Ayman F. , Gaume Romain M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe use of oxide glasses is pervasive throughout everyday amenities and commodities. Such glasses are typically electrical insulators, and endowing them with electrical conductivity—without changing their salutary mechanical properties, weight, or thermoformability—enables new applications in multifunctional utensils, smart windows, and automotive parts. Previous strategies to impart electrical conductivity include modifying the glass composition or forming a solid‐in‐solid composite of the glass and a conductive phase. Here, we demonstrate—using the latter strategy—the highest reported room‐temperature electrical conductivity in a bulk oxide glass (~1800 S/m) corresponding to the theoretical limit for the loading fraction of the conductive phase. This is achieved through glass sintering of a mixture of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and oxide flint (F2) or soda‐lime glasses, with the bulk conductivity further enhanced by a polyethylene‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) additive. A theoretical model provides predictions that are in excellent agreement with the dependence of conductivity of these composites on the carbon‐loading fraction. Moreover, nanoscale electrical characterization of the composite samples provides evidence for the existence of a connected network of CNFs throughout the bulk. Our results establish a potentially low‐cost approach for producing large volumes of highly conductive glass independently of the glass composition.
“The GCR and the Role of Development Actors with Refugees: A Game‐Changer, or More of the Same?”
Authors: Miller Sarah Deardorff 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article considers the Global Compact for Refugees (GCR) in light of the increased role of development actors with refugees. It questions whether the GCR is a “game changer” in how it engages development actors in refugee situations, or more of the status quo, whereby development actors are involved with refugees in ad hoc and indirect ways. The article argues that the GCR is a potential game changer because it initiates changes relating to financial, rhetorical and coordination mechanisms that further engage development actors in refugee situations. While it is too early to judge the effectiveness of the GCR fully, the article highlights examples where progress has been made and identifies other areas for potential progress. The article also underscores challenges, noting that the GCR is not designed to respond to all of these obstacles, and that behaviours engrained in development and humanitarian actors may impede potential progress.
The Global Compacts on Refugees and for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Ferris Elizabeth E. , Martin Susan F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn December 2018, the UN General Assembly adopted two Global Compacts: The Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) and the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM). These two compacts, while non‐binding and aspirational in nature, offer the first widely‐accepted new normative frameworks on the movement of people since the ratification of the 1951 refugee convention and its 1967 protocol. This special issue of International Migration aims to analyse the way in which these two compacts were negotiated, examine their potential impact in a number of areas, and compare the way they deal with common themes such as gender, civil society and security. This introductory article describes the background and the process of negotiating the global compacts, provides a short summary of the articles included in this special issue, and highlights gaps in the two compacts that are not elsewhere discussed herein.
Success of endodontic management of compromised first permanent molars in children: A systematic review
Authors: Taylor Greig D. , Vernazza Christopher R. , Abdulmohsen Bana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundEndodontic therapies may be required in the management of compromised first permanent molar teeth; their success in children, however, is unknown.AimTo determine the success of endodontic therapies used on first permanent molar teeth in children aged sixteen and under.DesignMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane library, CENTRAL, Clinicaltrials.gov, and the ISRCTN registry as well as relevant paediatric, endodontic, and traumatology journal were searched using a detailed search strategy. References of included studies were hand‐searched. A PICOS question was formulated: (P): children aged sixteen and under; (I): endodontic therapies (not pulp capping) on a first permanent molar tooth; (C): no treatment; (O): clinical success of endodontic therapy; and (S): all study types included.Bias was assessed using the Cochrane and Robins‐I risk tools. Quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Significant heterogeneity precluded meta‐analysis.Results4172 studies were retrieved and eleven were included in the narrative review. Partial and coronal pulpotomies have high success rates in the short term and long term. Limited evidence is available for conventional pulpectomy or regenerative techniques.ConclusionsPartial and coronal pulpotomies are successful endodontic therapies for use in a compromised child's first permanent molar.
Effect of intermittent drought on grain yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in Rwanda
Authors: Mukamuhirwa Alphonsine , Persson Hovmalm Helena , Ortiz Rodomiro , Nyamangyoku Obedi , Prieto–Linde Maria Luisa , Ekholm Anders , Johansson Eva 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe climate change will contribute drought and temperature extremes to rice growing systems, especially when cultivated in equatorial regions. To evaluate opportunities to cultivate and breed drought‐tolerant rice, seven rice cultivars were evaluated in Rwanda for recurring morphological drought scores, grain yield and components, and quality characteristics. The cultivation conditions, that is site and drought treatment, impacted morphological drought scores, growth and yield attributes, while cultivar affected quality attributes. Thus, site showed a higher impact on grain yield and components than drought and cultivar, with generally a reduced grain yield at the low‐temperature site, as a result of low spikelet fertility. Morphological drought scores were generally increased by drought, while drought at the reproductive stage at the high‐temperature site was negative for yield and its components. The cultivars “Intsindagirabigega” and “Jyambere” were adapted to high‐temperature site conditions. The cultivar “Intsindagirabigega” had the highest amylose content, and “Mpembuke,” the highest antioxidant capacity. Thus, climate change with increased temperature and drought extremes may increase rice productivity in cool areas, while especially drought at reproductive stage will be detrimental in low altitude areas with high temperature. Cultivar variation indicated opportunities for selection and breeding of climate change tolerant rice cultivars which should be of immediate priority.
Rho‐kinase pathway activation and apoptosis in circulating leucocytes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Ocaranza Maria Paz , Moya Jackeline , Jalil Jorge E. , Lavandero Sergio , Kalergis Alexis M. , Molina Cristián , Gabrielli Luigi , Godoy Iván , Córdova Samuel , Castro Pablo , Mac Nab Paul , Rossel Victor , García Lorena , González Javier , Mancilla Cristián , Fierro Camila , Farías Luis 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIncreased Rho‐kinase activity in circulating leucocytes is observed in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, there is little information in HFrEF regarding other Rho‐kinase pathway components an on the relationship between Rho‐kinase and apoptosis. Here, Rho‐kinase activation levels and phosphorylation of major downstream molecules and apoptosis levels were measured for the first time both in HFrEF patients and healthy individuals.MethodsCross‐sectional study comparing HFrEF patients (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 19). Rho‐kinase activity in circulating leucocytes (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMCs) was determined by myosin light chain phosphatase 1 (MYPT1) and ezrin‐radixin‐moesin (ERM) phosphorylation. Rho‐kinase cascade proteins phosphorylation p38‐MAPK, myosin light chain‐2, JAK and JNK were also analysed along with apoptosis.ResultsMYPT1 and ERM phosphorylation were significantly elevated in HFrEF patients, (3.9‐ and 4.8‐fold higher than in controls, respectively). JAK phosphorylation was significantly increased by 300% over controls. Phosphorylation of downstream molecules p38‐MAPK and myosin light chain‐2 was significantly higher by 360% and 490%, respectively, while JNK phosphorylation was reduced by 60%. Catecholamine and angiotensin II levels were significantly higher in HFrEF patients, while angiotensin‐(1‐9) levels were lower. Apoptosis in circulating leucocytes was significantly increased in HFrEF patients by 2.8‐fold compared with controls and significantly correlated with Rho‐kinase activation.ConclusionRho‐kinase pathway is activated in PMBCs from HFrEF patients despite optimal treatment, and it is closely associated with neurohormonal activation and with apoptosis. ROCK cascade inhibition might induce clinical benefits in HFrEF patients, and its assessment in PMBCs could be useful to evaluate reverse remodelling and disease regression.
Impact of Intensive Blood Pressure Therapy on Concern about Falling: Longitudinal Results from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT)
Authors: Berlowitz Dan R. , Foy Capri , Conroy Molly , Evans Gregory W. , Olney Christine M. , Pisoni Roberto , Powell James R. , Gure Tanya R. , Shorr Ronald I. 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVESConcern about falling is common among older hypertension patients and could impact decisions to intensify blood pressure therapy. Our aim was to determine whether intensive therapy targeting a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 120 mm Hg is associated with greater changes in concern about falling when compared with standard therapy targeting an SBP of 140 mm Hg.DESIGNSubsample analysis of participants randomized to either intensive or standard therapy in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT).SETTINGApproximately 100 outpatient sites.PARTICIPANTSA total of 2313 enrollees in SPRINT; participants were all age 50 or older (mean = 69 y) and diagnosed with hypertension.MEASUREMENTSConcern about falling was described by the shortened version of the Falls Efficacy Scale International as measured at baseline, 6 months, 1 year, and annually thereafter.RESULTSConcern about falling showed a small but significant increase over time among all hypertension patients. No differences were noted, however, among those randomized to intensive vs standard therapy (P = .95). Among participants younger than 75 years, no increase in concern about falling over time was noted, but among participants aged 75 years and older, the mean falls self‐efficacy score increased by .3 points per year (P < .0001). No differences were observed between the intensive and standard treatment groups when stratified by age (P = .55).CONCLUSIONIntensive blood pressure therapy is not associated with increased concern about falling among older hypertension patients healthy enough to participate in SPRINT. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:614–618, 2020
Donepezil‐induced oligodendrocyte differentiation is mediated through estrogen receptors
Authors: Imamura Osamu , Arai Masaaki , Dateki Minori , Oishi Kazuhiko , Takishima Kunio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLoss of oligodendrocytes, the myelin‐forming cells of the central nervous system, and subsequent failure of myelin development result in serious neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis. Using primary mouse embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs), we previously demonstrated that donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, stimulates the differentiation of NSCs into oligodendrocytes and neurons, albeit at the expense of astrogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms underlying donepezil‐induced differentiation remain unclear. In this study, we aimed at elucidating the molecular pathways contributing to donepezil‐induced differentiation of mouse‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neural stem cells (miPSC‐NSCs). We used cell‐based reporter gene arrays to investigate effects of donepezil on differentiation of miPSC‐NSCs. Subsequently, we assessed the molecular pathway underlying donepezil action on differentiation of miPSC‐NSCs into mature oligodendrocytes. Donepezil increased the transcriptional activity of estrogen response element under differentiating conditions. Moreover, estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) were highly expressed in MBP‐positive mature oligodendrocytes. The ER antagonist ICI 182,780 abrogated the number of MBP‐positive oligodendrocytes induced by donepezil, but showed no effect on the differentiation of miPSC‐NSCs into Tuj1‐positive neurons and GFAP‐positive astrocytes. Furthermore, the donepezil‐induced generation of mature oligodendrocytes from miPSC‐NSC was significantly attenuated by antagonists and siRNA targeting ERα and ERβ. In conclusion, we demonstrated, for the first time, that donepezil‐induced oligodendrogenesis is mediated through both ER subtypes, ERα and ERβ.
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Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.14771.
Fluorescent tagging for environmental surface cleaning surveillance in a veterinary hospital
Authors: Langdon G. , Hoet A. E. , Stull J. W. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the use of fluorescent tagging for environmental surface cleaning surveillance in a small animal veterinary hospital and identify factors associated with tag removal.Materials and MethodsOver 5.5 weeks, a commercial fluorescent dye (Glo Germ) was used to tag (mark) surfaces in a small animal veterinary teaching hospital. Twenty‐four hours after tagging, cleaning was assessed with a black light (UV‐A source). Surfaces were recorded as cleaned based on complete removal of fluorescent tagging at assessment. Proportions cleaned were calculated overall and by predictors (i.e. surface location/type, primary nature of surface contact – animal/human, week of study).ResultsA total of 4984 surfaces were tagged and assessed. Overall cleaning was 50%. Cleaning varied by surface/object (range: 2 to 100%) and hospital location (4 to 78%). Surfaces designated as having primarily animal contact were cleaned more frequently than those with primarily human contact (75%, 42%; P<0.001). Cleaning varied over the study period (range by week: 45 to 54%;); a significant trend was not identified.Clinical SignificanceKey surfaces in the small animal veterinary practice environment are unlikely to be adequately cleaned, posing a concern for animal and human health. Commercial products can be effectively used to asses environmental cleaning with findings used to target clinic‐specific barriers to improve cleaning and reduce hospital‐associated infections.
Amoxicillin and amoxicillin‐clavulanate resistance in urinary Escherichia coli antibiograms of cats and dogs from the Midwestern United States
Authors: KuKanich Kate , Lubbers Brian , Salgado Brianna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAntibiograms are stewardship tools that provide antimicrobial resistance data for regional bacterial isolates to guide treatment of infections.ObjectivesTo develop regional antibiograms of urinary Escherichia coli isolates from cats and dogs.AnimalsEscherichia coli isolates cultured from feline (N = 143) and canine (640) urine from 2013 to 2017, from Kansas State University (N = 335) and private practice (N = 448) patients in the Midwestern United States.MethodsRetrospective review of urine culture and susceptibility results. Antibiograms were created for 10 commonly used antimicrobial agents using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institutes guidelines.ResultsNo isolates from cats were susceptible to amoxicillin‐clavulanate (susceptibility [S] ≤ 0.25/0.12) or amoxicillin (S ≤ 0.25); isolates from dogs had low susceptibility to amoxicillin 53% (S ≤ 8). Conversely, isolates from dogs had high susceptibility to amoxicillin‐clavulanate 92% (S ≤ 8/4), despite equal 90th percentile minimum inhibitory concentrations (8 μg/mL) for feline and canine populations. Resistance to other antimicrobials was uncommon (≤7% for isolates from cats, ≤14% for isolates from dogs).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe disparity in susceptibility for amoxicillin and amoxicillin‐clavulanate between isolates from cats and dogs likely reflects higher breakpoints for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in dogs. Urine concentration data for these antimicrobials in cats might support a UTI‐specific breakpoint for cats and increase potential therapeutic options for managing UTIs in cats with first‐line antimicrobials. Decreased susceptibility among isolates from dogs to amoxicillin (53%) compared to amoxicillin‐clavulanate (92%) might support amoxicillin‐clavulanate as a better empirical choice for UTIs in dogs in this geographical region.
Any: Logic, likelihood, and context (Pt. 1)
Authors: Crnič Luka 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAny has a more restricted distribution than other determiners. While it is uncontroversial that providing an adequate description of this distribution requires recourse to semantics, a full description has remained elusive. This holds, in particular, due to the intricate behavior of any in modal and non‐monotone environments, where sensitivity to extra‐grammatical factors is sometimes attested. Drawing on the insights of Kadmon and Landman, and on independently motivated mechanisms in grammar, we show that such descriptive challenges can be answered without abandoning a uniform treatment of any across the different environments. The resulting picture falls naturally out of an approach that takes any to be accompanied by covert even. There are two parts to this review. Part I attends to the distribution of any in entailment‐reversing and modal environments. Part II turns to an explanation of this distribution, its predictions about the distribution of any in non‐monotone environments, and to differences between any and some allied expressions. The review concludes by pointing out several open questions left for future research.