bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust and recoverable dual cross‐linking networks in pressure‐sensitive adhesives
Authors: Kim Eun Seon , Song Da Bin , Choi Kyoung Hwan , Lee Jae Heung , Suh Dong Hack , Choi Woo Jin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) demand the ability to simultaneously improve toughness and adhesion. However, these requirements of PSAs have remained a great challenge because robust and recoverable characteristics are usually contradictory properties of PSAs. Dual cross‐linking networks developed by incorporating dynamic noncovalent bonds into chemical cross‐linking networks have the potential to mitigate these requirements in a wide variety of applications including adhesives, hydrogels, and elastomers. Herein, a facile approach to achieve dual cross‐linking networks of acrylic PSAs with excellent mechanical properties and high‐adhesive performance that integrate physically cross‐linked networks into chemically cross‐linked networks is proposed. Diurethane acrylic monomer‐pentaerythritol ethoxylate (DAM‐PEEL) groups were introduced into the acrylic PSA system through photopolymerization. The PSA/DAM‐PEEL dual cross‐linking networks led to the development of the chemically cross‐linked networks for both PSA and DAM via covalent bonds and the physically cross‐linked networks between the amide groups of DAM and the hydroxyl groups of PEEL via hydrogen bonds. Consequently, the PSA/DAM‐PEEL dual cross‐linking networks were able to simultaneously improve the modulus and stretchability. This design strategy for developing dual cross‐linking networks of materials could offer potential applications for various adhesive‐related applications.
Weighted gene coexpression network reveals downregulation of genes in bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Liu Wangkai , Su Yihua , Li Sitao , Chen Haitian , Liu Yumei , Li Xiaoyu , Shen Wei , Zhong Xinqi , Wu Fan , Meng Qiong , Jiang Xiaoyun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a serious lung disease observed in premature infants, known to cause considerable morbidity and mortality. Its prognosis is influenced by a complex network of genetic interactions. In this study, we determined the potential key factors in the pathogenesis of this condition.MethodsWe constructed scale‐free gene coexpression network using weighted gene coexpression network analysis. The analysis was carried out on the GSE8586 dataset, which contains the expression profiles of umbilical cord tissue homogenates from 20 neonates with BPD and 34 unaffected controls.ResultsOur analysis identified one significantly downregulated coexpression module related to the BPD phenotype. It was significantly enriched in genes related to human T‐cell leukemia virus infection and the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway. In this module, the expression of the following four hub genes in infants with BPD was significantly decreased: Fos proto‐oncogene (FOS), BTG antiproliferation factor 2 (BTG2), Jun proto‐oncogene (JUN), and early growth response protein 1 (EGR1). The downregulation of these hub genes was verified in clinical samples derived from blood and umbilical cord tissue.ConclusionThe decreased expression of FOS, BTG2, JUN, and EGR1 is associated with BPD and, therefore, could be used as biomarkers to diagnose early BPD.
Clinical implications of pulmonary nodules detected in children
Authors: Barber Andrew , Passarelli Patrick , Dworsky Zephyr D. , Gatcliffe Chelsea , Ryu Julie , Lesser Daniel J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe management of children found to have pulmonary nodules is not well established. We determined how often diagnostic testing was pursued, the outcome of diagnostic testing, and how often pulmonary nodules were given a definitive diagnosis.MethodA retrospective review of patients found to have pulmonary nodules. Patients with oncologic diagnoses were excluded. Data collected included number of nodules, presence of pre‐existing systemic disease, laboratory testing, presence of respiratory symptoms, repeat imaging, biopsy result, and final diagnosis.ResultsWe identified 88 patients, of which 56 (64%) had a single nodule, 21 (24%) had a pre‐existing nononcologic systemic disease, and four patients (5%) had a new systemic disease identified at the same time the nodule(s) was found. In otherwise healthy patients presenting with a solitary nodule, 94% did not have a definitive diagnosis and none went on to be diagnosed with systemic disease. Serum infectious work‐up result for tuberculosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, or aspergillosis was not significantly different between single and multiple nodule/systemic illness groups. No previously healthy patients presenting with a solitary nodule were later diagnosed with malignancy.ConclusionDiagnostic workup for a solitary pulmonary nodule was often inconclusive, especially if the patient did not have symptoms at presentation. Pulmonary nodules were not the sole presenting sign of systemic disease for any subjects. We suggest that in an otherwise healthy pediatric patient found to have an asymptomatic single pulmonary nodule, observation without laboratory work‐up or repeat imaging is a reasonable option.
Estimating GPS radio occultation observation error standard deviations over China using the three‐cornered hat method
Authors: Xu X. , Zou X. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObservation error variances are required input parameters for assimilating GPS radio occultation (RO) data in numerical weather prediction systems. A three‐cornered hat method is applied to estimate RO observation error standard deviation (SD) of both refractivity and bending angle. RO data from the Global Navigation Satellite System Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding on board the MetOp‐A/B satellites from 1 January 2016 to 31 August 2019, along with radiosonde observations, the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Interim reanalysis, and the Global Forecast System forecast analysis, are employed in this study. Taking the Guam radiosonde station as an example, we first introduce a detailed procedure of estimating GPS RO fractional error SDs, which shows the significant impacts of outliers on the resulting error SDs, especially in the lower and middle troposphere. Fractional bending angle error SDs near 48 radiosonde stations in China are then estimated for the same time period of more than 3 years. The RO fractional error SDs near the 48 radiosonde stations have a significant latitudinal dependence, larger at lower than higher latitudes. This characteristic feature of the RO bending angle errors agrees with that of the bending angle uncertainty information provided by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate Data Analysis and Archival Center.
Adaptiveness and consistency of a class of online ensemble learning algorithms
Authors: Young Carol , Yao Ningshi , Zhang Fumin 
Published: October 2020

SummaryExpert based ensemble learning algorithms often serve as online learning algorithms for an unknown, possibly time‐varying, probability distribution. Their simplicity allows flexibility in design choices, leading to variations that balance adaptiveness and consistency. This article provides an analytical framework to quantify the adaptiveness and consistency of expert based ensemble learning algorithms. With properly selected states, the algorithms are modeled as a Markov chains. Then quantitative metrics of adaptiveness and consistency can be calculated through mathematical formulas, other than relying on numerical simulations. Results are derived for several popular ensemble learning algorithms. Success of the method has also been demonstrated in both simulation and experimental results.
Effect of Substituting Sunflower Oil with Starch‐Based Fat Replacers on Sensory Profile, Tribology, and Rheology of Reduced‐Fat Mayonnaise‐Type Emulsions
Authors: Agyei‐Amponsah Joyce , Macakova Lubica , DeKock Henrietta L. , Emmambux Mohammad N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of substituting sunflower oil with two starch‐based fat‐replacers on the rheological and lubricating properties, as well as the sensory properties of reduced‐fat mayonnaise‐type emulsions. Lipid‐modified maize starch fat replacers containing amylose–lipid complexes, maize starch with 1.5% stearic acid and maize starch with 2% monoglyceride, are used to formulate reduced‐fat mayonnaise‐type emulsions at 0% (full‐fat control), 50%, 80%, and 98% level of oil replacement. Reduced‐fat emulsions containing starch/monoglyceride are rated similar (p > 0.05) to the full‐fat mayonnaise at all the oil replacement levels in terms of smoothness, creaminess, melting, and mouth‐coating. They also have similarities in terms of thickness and easy‐to‐swallow sensory attributes, up to a 50% substitution level. For the corresponding starch/stearic acid emulsions, the smoothness, thickness, creaminess, and mouth‐coating attributes are rated lower while the melting and easy‐to‐swallow attributes are rated higher than for the starch/monoglyceride emulsions. In general, all the reduced‐fat emulsions exhibit good lubrication. The ability of the reduced‐fat emulsions to support the highly viscous structure provided by the presence of amylose–lipid complexes in the fat replacers is better for the starch/monoglyceride fat replacer than for the starch/stearic acid fat replacer.
Swelling and Shrinking Behavior of Modified Starch Biopolymer with Iron Oxide
Authors: Kumar Sunny , Madan Sapana , Bariha Nilambar , Suresh S 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRapid consumption of petroleum‐based polymers has resulted in the growth of global production but such polymers have a limited source and slow degradation rate. Biopolymers are an alternative sustainable material that can be synthesized using natural sources. In this study, a starch‐based biopolymer composite is synthesized using various concentrations of iron oxide as a binder. A decreased absorption of water is found with an increase in binder concentration. The swelling (absorption) and shrinking (desorption) behaviors of biopolymers are studied as a function of pH, sodium chloride salt, and alcohol (methanol and ethanol). The diffusion model is used to study the absorption and desorption behavior of the biopolymer. Electron microscopy and elemental analysis find iron and oxygen atoms at the composite surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction confirm that iron oxide is bound with starch. The mechanical hardness of the biocomposites is studied at varied of binder concentrations. This biocomposite can be utilized in packaging, electronics, sensor, and biomedical applications.
The rise and shine of yeast optogenetics
Authors: Figueroa David , Rojas Vicente , Romero Andres , Larrondo Luis F. , Salinas Francisco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOptogenetics refers to the control of biological processes with light. The activation of cellular phenomena by defined wavelengths has several advantages compared with traditional chemically inducible systems, such as spatiotemporal resolution, dose–response regulation, low cost, and moderate toxic effects. Optogenetics has been successfully implemented in yeast, a remarkable biological platform that is not only a model organism for cellular and molecular biology studies, but also a microorganism with diverse biotechnological applications. In this review, we summarize the main optogenetic systems implemented in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which allow orthogonal control (by light) of gene expression, protein subcellular localization, reconstitution of protein activity, and protein sequestration by oligomerization. Furthermore, we review the application of optogenetic systems in the control of metabolic pathways, heterologous protein production and flocculation. We then revise an example of a previously described yeast optogenetic switch, named FUN‐LOV, which allows precise and strong activation of the target gene. Finally, we describe optogenetic systems that have not yet been implemented in yeast, which could therefore be used to expand the panel of available tools in this biological chassis. In conclusion, a wide repertoire of optogenetic systems can be used to address fundamental biological questions and broaden the biotechnological toolkit in yeast.
Quantitative methods in microscopy to assess pollen viability in different plant taxa
Authors: Ascari Lorenzo , Novara Cristina , Dusio Virginia , Oddi Ludovica , Siniscalco Consolata 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh-quality pollen is a prerequisite for plant reproductive success. Pollen viability and sterility can be routinely assessed using common stains and manual microscope examination, but with low overall statistical power. Current automated methods are primarily directed towards the analysis of pollen sterility, and high throughput solutions for both pollen viability and sterility evaluation are needed that will be consistent with emerging biotechnological strategies for crop improvement. Our goal is to refine established labelling procedures for pollen, based on the combination of fluorescein (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI), and to develop automated solutions for accurately assessing pollen grain images and classifying them for quality. We used open-source software programs (CellProfiler, CellProfiler Analyst, Fiji and R) for analysis of images collected from 10 pollen taxa labelled using FDA/PI. After correcting for image background noise, pollen grain images were examined for quality employing thresholding and segmentation. Supervised and unsupervised classification of per-object features was employed for the identification of viable, dead and sterile pollen. The combination of FDA and PI dyes was able to differentiate between viable, dead and sterile pollen in all the analysed taxa. Automated image analysis and classification significantly increased the statistical power of the pollen viability assay, identifying more than 75,000 pollen grains with high accuracy (R2 = 0.99) when compared to classical manual counting. Overall, we provide a comprehensive set of methodologies as baseline for the automated assessment of pollen viability using fluorescence microscopy, which can be combined with manual and mechanized imaging systems in fundamental and applied research on plant biology. We also supply the complete set of pollen images (the FDA/PI pollen dataset) to the scientific community for future research.
The relation between teacher self-reported individualization and student-perceived teaching quality in linguistically heterogeneous classes: an exploratory study
Authors: Hachfeld Axinja , Lazarides Rebecca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGermany historically responded to student diversity by tracking students into different schools beginning with grade 5. In the last decades, sociopolitical changes, such as an increase in “German-as-a-second-language” speaking students (GSL), have increased diversity in all tracks and have forced schools to consider forms of individualization. This has opened up the scientific debate in Germany on merits and limitations of individualization for different student groups within a tracked system and heterogeneous classes. The aim of the present exploratory study was to examine how individualized teaching (i.e., teacher self-reported individualized teaching practices and individual reference norm orientation) is related to student-perceived teaching quality. Additionally, we considered moderation effects of classroom composition in relation to achievement and proportion of GSL students. Longitudinal data came from 35 mathematics classes with 659 9th and 10th grade students. Results showed significant relation between teacher self-reported individualized teaching practices and individual reference norm orientation and monitoring. Regarding the composition effects, the proportion of GSL students in class moderated the relation between teacher self-reported individual reference norm orientation and cognitive activation. Our findings contribute to the growing body of evidence that classroom composition can differentially impact the relation between teachers’ behaviors and students’ perceptions of teaching quality.
Cybersecurity in PACS and Medical Imaging: an Overview
Authors: Eichelberg Marco , Kleber Klaus , Kämmerer Marc 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article provides an overview on the literature published on the topic of cybersecurity for PACS (Picture Archiving and Communications Systems) and medical imaging. From a practical perspective, PACS specific security measures must be implemented together with the measures applicable to the IT infrastructure as a whole, in order to prevent incidents such as PACS systems exposed to access from the Internet. Therefore, the article first offers an overview of the physical, technical and organizational mitigation measures that are proposed in literature on cybersecurity in healthcare information technology in general, followed by an overview on publications discussing specific cybersecurity topics that apply to PACS and medical imaging and present the “building blocks” for a secure PACS environment available in the literature. These include image de-identification, transport security, the selective encryption of the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) header, encrypted DICOM files, digital signatures and watermarking techniques. The article concludes with a discussion of gaps in the body of published literature and a summary.
Assessment of paddy fields’ damage caused by Cyclone Nargis using MODIS time-series images (2004–2013)
Authors: Omori Keisuke , Sakai Toru , Miyamoto Jun , Itou Akihiko , Oo Aung Naing , Hirano Akira 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Ayeyarwady Delta in the Bay of Bengal, the rice bowl of Myanmar, depends on natural conditions, especially rainfall. During the dry season, the delta’s coastal zone experiences saline water intrusion due to its low-lying topography. On May 2, 2008, Cyclone Nargis made landfall and crossed Ayeyarwady Region and Yangon City, affecting more than 50 townships and causing massive destruction of personal property and natural ecosystems. There is no doubt that Nargis caused an unprecedented large-scale disaster, but there is no objective method to quantify crop yield and salinity damage in the delta post-Nargis. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to clarify the changes in vegetation in paddy fields in the Ayeyarwady Delta using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data pre- and post-Nargis and determine whether this method can be applied to measure crop and salinity damage. The study used daily composite data at a 250-m resolution (MOD09GQ, collection 6) from 2004 to 2013 and calculated NDVI and salinity indices smoothed by locally weighted regression (Lowess). Based on the results of our studies, NDVI peak value in 2008 was lower by 19% compared to 2007 data, and that the NDVI peak values declined for three straight years since May 2008 when Nargis struck. However, salinity damage evaluation pre- and post-Nargis (using the salinity index equation) showed that soil electrical conductivity did not tend to move up in the post-Nargis dry season (2009), indicating that the decrease in NDVI values was not due to salinity damage.
The link between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and entrepreneurial orientation in Japanese business owners
Authors: Wismans Annelot , Kamei Katsuyuki , Thurik Roy , Torrès Olivier 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeveral studies have observed a relationship between (subclinical levels of) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and entrepreneurship. Recently, Yu et al. (Entrep Theory Pract10.1177/1042258719892987, 2019) and Wismans et al. (Appl Psychol 69:1093–111210.1111/apps.12247, 2020) observed a positive association between hyperactivity and entrepreneurial orientation (EO). The present study seeks to replicate these findings in an entirely different culture, that of Japan. Moreover, because of the low internal consistency of the hyperactivity measure across studies, we study the individual contributions of the hyperactivity items. Using a sample of 255 Japanese business owners, we conducted OLS regressions and PLS-structural equation modelling. The results of our study on the ADHD-EO relationship in Japan are partly in line with previous findings: the positive link between hyperactivity and EO is again confirmed. In contrast with the results of previous studies, we find a positive link between overall ADHD symptoms and EO using both methods and a positive link between attention-deficit and EO using one of the methods (PLS-SEM). Cultural differences may explain these different findings. When the two hyperactivity items are separated, they appear to have different associations with EO. One item, measuring mental hyperactivity, is strongly positively associated with EO, whereas the other item, measuring physical hyperactivity, is not associated with EO. This result is a new and interesting finding that is replicated in the current study using the French dataset of Wismans et al. (Appl Psychol 69:1093–111210.1111/apps.12247, 2020) but which warrants further research.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Newborns and their Mothers—Novel Approaches to Early Detection, Treatment and Prevention of a Global Health Issue
Authors: Gramer Gwendolyn , Hoffmann Georg F. 
Published: October 2020

Summary
Vitamin B12 deficiency, mostly of maternal origin in newborns, is a well treatable condition but can cause severe neurologic sequelae. In women of childbearing age and pregnant women worldwide vitamin B12 deficiency has been reported with frequencies of 10%–50%. Children with vitamin B12 deficiency are asymptomatic at birth but may develop severe multisystemic symptoms, including irreversible developmental impairment in the second half-year of life. Early detection of vitamin B12 deficiency allows for presymptomatic treatment. This article provides an overview over the function of vitamin B12 and discusses causes and frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency in newborns, infants, and women of childbearing age. It describes novel successful approaches to newborn screening (NBS) for vitamin B12 deficiency and results of a pilot study which performed systematic NBS for vitamin B12 deficiency using so-called second-tier strategies by measuring homocysteine and methylmalonic acid in dried blood spots. Recommendations for diagnostics in mothers of children with vitamin B12 deficiency are described as well as results of systematic work-up in mothers and treatment and follow-up of children with vitamin B12 deficiency detected by NBS. Treatment options of vitamin B12 deficiency are presented including a newly developed standardized supplementation scheme with exclusively oral vitamin B12 supplementation. Recommendations for preventive approaches to vitamin B12 deficiency for children and mothers are stated. Many children worldwide could benefit from systematic inclusion of vitamin B12 deficiency into NBS panels. In addition, preventive approaches to maternal vitamin B12 deficiency should be implemented systematically during maternal care.