bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENENTUAN JALUR DISTRIBUSI DENGAN METODE SAVING MATRIKS
Authors: Ahmad Fandi , Muharram Hafidz Fadel 
Published: December 2019

Dalam persaingan bisnis yang makin ketat dibutuhkan strategi dalam menetukan optimalisasi dan efesiensi, mengefektifkan jalur distribusi barang akan berakibat pada profit yang diperoleh perusahaan dan harga barang yang makin kompetitif, kesalahan penentuan jalur distribusi ke customer akan mengakibatkan jalur pengiriman yang ditempuh terlalu panjang dan rumit sehingga mengakibatkan biaya transportasi yang mahal. Dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut, maka perlu dilakukan penentuan rute yang akan dilalui sehingga dapat meminimalkan biaya transportasi pada Metode Saving Matrix dipilih dalam penelitian ini untuk menentukan rute distribusi produk t agar diperoleh rute dan memperoleh biaya transportasi yang optimal.
Dari hasil penelitian rute pada penelitian ini diketahui berjumlah 18 rute dari sebelumnya berjumlah 25 rute, sehingga diperoleh pernghematan 7 rute, total jarak melalui metode perhitungan saving matrix, nearest insert dan nearest neighbour adalah sebesar 1700,69 km. Sedangkan total jarak pengiriman rute aktual pada perusahaan adalah sebesar 2046,97 km. Penghematan antara rute penelitian ini dengan rute aktual perusahaan adalah sebesar 346,28 km.sedangkan daris sisi total biaya pengiriman/transportasi yang dihasilkan melalui metode perhitungan saving matrix, nearest insert dan nearest neighbour adalah sebesar Rp. 483.927.812. Dari sisi biaya pengiriman/transportasi rute aktual pada perusahaan adalah sebesar Rp. 629.281.041. Penghematan dengan metode penelitian saving matrix adalah sebesar Rp. 145.353.229 atau 23,09 %

In the increasingly fierce business competition strategies are needed to determine optimization and efficiency, streamlining the distribution channels of goods will result in profits obtained by the company and increasingly competitive goods prices, errors in determining the distribution path to the customer will lead to too long and complicated shipping lines resulting expensive transportation costs. With these problems, it is necessary to determine the route to be passed so as to minimize transportation costs in the Saving Matrix Method selected in this study to determine the product distribution route to obtain the route and obtain optimal transportation costs.
From the results of the route research in this study it is known that there are 18 routes from the previous number of 25 routes, so obtained savings of 7 routes, the total distance through the calculation method of saving matrix, nearest insert and nearest neighbor is equal to 1700.69 km. While the total distance of shipping the actual route to the company is 2046.97 km. Savings between the route of this research with the actual route of the company is 346.28 km. While from the total side of the shipping / transportation costs generated through the calculation method of saving matrix, nearest insert and nearest neighbor is Rp. 483,927,812. In terms of shipping / transportation costs the actual route of the company is Rp. 629,281,041. Savings with the saving matrix research method is Rp. 145,353,229 or 23.09%
СПЕЦИФІКА МЕХАНІЗМУ ЗАДОВОЛЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ПОТРЕБ ПРОМИСЛОВИМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ НА РИНКУ В2В
Authors: Deineha O.  
Published: December 2019

У статті ідентифікована суть інформаційних потреб індивідів та підприємств. Сформовано ієрархію інформаційних потреб підприємств, що базується на врахуванні рівня їх розвитку. Досліджено відмінності у структурі каналів отримання маркетингової інформації промисловими підприємствами на ринку В2В залежно від масштабів їх діяльності. Розглянуто ключові тенденції розвитку інформаційних послуг на світовому ринку B2B. Проаналізовано рівень задоволення інформаційних потреб промисловими підприємствами за рахунок застосування традиційних та електронних носіїв інформації. Розроблено рекомендації щодо засобів задоволення інформаційних потреб промисловими підприємствами різних масштабів діяльності.
ТРЕНДОВА МОДЕЛЬ ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ РОЗМІРУ ВВП ВІД НАДХОДЖЕНЬ ДО БЮДЖЕТУ
Authors: Skrypnyk H., Tsiupa S.  
Published: December 2019

Розвиток ринкових відносин зумовив загострення уваги на проблемних питаннях регулювання державних фінансів загалом і побудови зваженої та ефективної бюджетної політики зокрема. В умовах динамічних змін у економічному середовищі бюджет являє собою не лише централізований фонд фінансових ресурсів держави, а й є важливим інструментом впливу як на макроекономічний стан і стабільний економічний розвиток кожної країни загалом, так і на стійке економічне зростання окремих її суб’єктів господарювання. В статті розглянуто показники надходжень до бюджету та їх залежність від розміру ВВП.
В роботі запропонована трендова модель показує чи присутня залежність ВВП від надходжень бюджету і подальший прогноз цієї залежності відповідно.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ПЕРШОЧЕРГОВИХ НАПРЯМІВ СТРАТЕГІЇ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНИМ МЕХАНІЗМОМ СФЕРИ КУЛЬТУРИ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Кучин С. П.  
Published: December 2019

У статті виявлено першочергові напрями стратегії державного регулювання економічним механізмом сфери культури в Україні. Метою дослідження є виявлення сучасних тенденцій у стратегії державного регулювання економічного механізму сфери культури в Україні. У ході дослідження використовувалися класичні методи наукового знання (аналіз, синтез, групування, прогнозування, вивчення наукових і статистичних джерел). Проблема вибору пріоритетів стратегії державного регулювання економічним механізмом сфери культури є надзвичайно актуальною з урахуванням структурних змін в економіці України та проявів кризових явищ. Запропоновано вдосконалити державне регулювання економічним механізмом сфери культури в Україні на основі впровадження елементів, спрямованих на його реформування, які складаються з групи адміністративних, організаційних та економічних методів. Отримані результати та висновки є основою для поглибленого наукового дослідження проблем розвитку національної та світової соціально-культурної сфери. Результати та висновки можуть бути використані при розробці програм розвитку національної економіки, у формуванні стратегії модернізації сучасних економічних систем. Практична цінність роботи полягає в тому, що положення і практичні рекомендації дають можливість вирішити порушену науково-практичну проблему, а результати досліджень, що мають прикладний характер, можуть мати практичне застосування в діяльності органів державної влади та місцевого самоврядування.
Activated Sludge Technology to Treat Wastewater from Offices and Residential Areas PT Kaltim Prima Coal
Authors: Pranoto Kris , Pahilda Widia Rahmawati , Abfertiawan Muhammad Sonny , Elistyandari Apridawati , Sutikno Andi 
Published: December 2019

In Indonesia, coal mining operations generally involve a huge number of workers. This condition causes its own challenges in managing environmental impacts that potentially generated from human activities. One of them is domestic wastewater. Domestic waste water is waste water that comes from activities of daily living of humans related to water usage. In mining operations, domestic wastewater is generated from office and residential areas. Because of the potential impact on the environment, domestic wastewater must be treated before flowing to natural water bodies. Since the beginning of mining operations in 1990s, PT Kaltim Prima Coal has been building and operating Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant (IPALD) to treat domestic wastewater resulting from offices and residential areas. There are 12 IPALDs with activated sludge technology operating in the PT KPC area. Active sludge is one of the domestic wastewater treatment technologies by utilizing the role of aerobic bacteria to degrade organic material contained in domestic wastewater. This paper is presented to describe the performance of activated sludge technology usedin the KPC’s IPALD and the challenges faced in its operation. One of the challenges faced is the fulfillment of water quality standards in Minister of Environment and Forestry Decree No. P. 68 of 2016 concerning Domestic Wastewater Quality Standards. The latest quality standards regulate the effluent concentration of IPALD more stringent than before and there are new parameters, including ammonia which requires attention in the operation of IPALD.
A Novel Energy-conserving Scheme for Eight-dimensional Hamiltonian Problems
Authors: Hu Shiyang , Wu Xin , Huang Guoqing , Liang Enwei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We design a novel, exact energy-conserving implicit nonsymplectic integration method for an eight-dimensional Hamiltonian system with four degrees of freedom. In our algorithm, each partial derivative of the Hamiltonian with respect to one of the phase-space variables is discretized by the average of eight Hamiltonian difference terms. Such a discretization form is a second-order approximation to the Hamiltonian gradient. It is shown numerically via simulations of a Fermi–Pasta–Ulam-β system and a post-Newtonian conservative system of compact binaries with one body spinning that the newly proposed method has extremely good energy-conserving performance, compared to the Runge–Kutta; an implicit midpoint symplectic method, and extended phase-space explicit symplectic-like integrators. The new method is advantageous over very long times and for large time steps compared to the state-of-the-art Runge–Kutta method in the accuracy of numerical solutions. Although such an energy-conserving integrator exhibits a higher computational cost than any one of the other three algorithms, the superior results justify its use for satisfying some specific purposes on the preservation of energies in numerical simulations with much longer times, e.g., obtaining a high enough accuracy of the semimajor axis in a Keplerian problem in the solar system or accurately grasping the frequency of a gravitational wave from a circular orbit in a post-Newtonian system of compact binaries. The new integrator will be potentially applied to model time-varying external electromagnetic fields or time-dependent spacetimes.
Scattering of Energetic Electrons by Heat-flux-driven Whistlers in Flares
Authors: Roberg-Clark G. T. , Agapitov O. , Drake J. F. , Swisdak M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The scattering of electrons by heat-flux-driven whistler waves is explored with a particle-in-cell simulation relevant to the transport of energetic electrons in flares. This simulation is initiated with a large heat flux produced by using a kappa distribution of electrons with positive velocity and a cold return current beam. This system represents energetic electrons escaping from a reconnection-driven energy-release site. This heat-flux system drives large-amplitude oblique whistler waves propagating both along and against the heat flux, as well as electron acoustic waves. While the waves are dominantly driven by the low-energy electrons, including the cold return current beam, the energetic electrons resonate with and are scattered by the whistlers on timescales of the order of a hundred electron cyclotron times. Peak whistler amplitudes of

and angles of ∼60° with respect to the background magnetic field are observed. Electron perpendicular energy is increased, while the field-aligned electron heat flux is suppressed. The resulting scattering mean-free-paths of energetic electrons are small compared with the typical scale size of energy-release sites in flares, which might lead to the effective confinement of energetic electrons required for the production of very energetic particles.
The Density Gradient Inside Molecular-gas Clumps as a Booster of Their Star Formation Activity
Authors: Parmentier G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Star-forming regions presenting a density gradient experience a higher star formation rate than if they were of uniform density. We refer to the ratio between the star formation rate of a spherical centrally concentrated gas clump and the star formation rate that this clump would experience if it were of uniform density as the magnification factor ζ. We map ζ as a function of clump mass, radius, initial volume-density profile, and star formation timespan. For clumps with a steep density profile (i.e., a power-law slope ranging from −3 to −4, as observed in some high-density regions of Galactic molecular clouds), we find their star formation rate to be at least an order of magnitude higher than their top-hat equivalent. This implies that such clumps experience faster and more efficient star formation than expected based on their mean freefall time. This also implies that measurements of the star formation efficiency per freefall time of clumps based on their global properties, namely, mass, mean volume density, and star formation rate, present wide fluctuations. These reflect the diversity in the density profile of star-forming clumps, not necessarily variations in the physics of star formation. Steep density profiles inside star-cluster progenitors may be instrumental in the formation of multiple stellar populations, such as those routinely observed in old globular clusters.
Electron Temperatures in the Dayside Ionosphere of Mars Derived from
Chemistry
Authors: Vigren E. , Cui J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
From a reduced chemical model of the Martian dayside ionosphere we derive an expression that can be used to estimate the electron temperature as a function of the ambient number densities of CO2, O,

,

, O+, and NO+ and the total ion number density. The model is tested in the sunlit ionosphere with Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN/Neutral Gas Ion Mass Spectrometer (MAVEN/NGIMS) data from the Deep Dip campaigns DD2 (2015 April) and DD8 (2017 October). Around an altitude of ∼130–140 km the calculated electron temperatures along the DD2 orbits are in many cases compatible with the neutral temperatures derived from the CO2 density profiles and downward integration of the hydrostatic balance equation, indicating efficient cooling of the electron population. For altitudes below 170 km the electron temperature (constructed from median density profiles) are higher for DD8 than for DD2 which we link to atmospheric solar cycle modulation. Median electron temperatures derived for DD2 and DD8 are roughly similar when inspecting similar CO2 number densities and a simple power law is proposed to relate the electron temperature to the CO2 number density. Calculated electron temperatures of approximately 1000 K around an altitude of 180–200 km appear not to conflict with published data from MAVEN Langmuir Probe Wave (LPW) measurements. At greater depths the LPW-derived electron temperatures have been reported as biased high and so a detailed comparison with results from the present work is merely proposed as a dedicated follow-up study.
Star-density Profiles of Six Old Star Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Lanzoni Barbara , Ferraro Francesco R. , Dalessandro Emanuele , Cadelano Mario , Pallanca Cristina , Raso Silvia , Mucciarelli Alessio , Beccari Giacomo , Focardi Paola 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We used resolved star counts from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images to determine the center of gravity and the projected density profiles of six old globular clusters (GCs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), namely NGC 1466, NGC 1841, NGC 1898, NGC 2210, NGC 2257, and Hodge 11. For each system, the LMC field contribution was properly taken into account by making use, when needed, of parallel HST observations. The derived values of the center of gravity may differ by several arcseconds (corresponding to more dal 1 pc at the distance of the LMC) from previous determinations. The cluster density profiles are all well fit by King models, with structural parameters that may differ from the literature ones by even factors of two. Similar to what was observed for Galactic GCs, the ratio between the effective and the core radius has been found to anticorrelate with the cluster dynamical age.
Information in the Reflected-light Spectra of Widely Separated Giant Exoplanets
Authors: Hu Renyu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Giant exoplanets located >1 au away from their parent stars have atmospheric environments cold enough for water or ammonia clouds. We have developed a new equilibrium cloud and reflected-light spectrum model, ExoREL, for widely separated giant exoplanets. The model includes the dissolution of ammonia in liquid-water cloud droplets, an effect studied for the first time for exoplanets. While preserving the causal relationship between temperature and cloud condensation, ExoREL is simple and fast to enable efficient exploration of parameter space. Using the model, we find that the mixing ratio of methane and the cloud top pressure of a giant exoplanet can be uniquely determined from a single observation of its reflected-light spectrum at wavelengths less than 1 μm if it has a cloud deck deeper than ∼0.3 bar. This measurement is enabled by the weak and strong bands of methane and requires a signal-to-noise ratio of 20. The cloud pressure, once derived, provides information about the internal heat flux of the planet. Importantly, we find that for a low, Uranus-like internal heat flux, the planet can have a deep liquid-water cloud, which will sequester ammonia and prevent the formation of the ammonia cloud that would otherwise be the uppermost cloud layer. This newly identified phenomenon causes a strong sensitivity of the cloud top pressure to the internal heat flux. Reflected-light spectroscopy from future direct-imaging missions should therefore not only measure the atmospheric abundances but also characterize the thermal evolution of giant exoplanets.
Treatment of Previous Decentered Excimer Laser Ablation With Combined Myopic and Hyperopic Ablations
Authors: Lafond Gilles , Bonnet Sylviane , Solomon Leon 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Decentration of the ablation zone is an occasional complication of excimer laser refractive surgery. We describe a technique to recenter the ablation zone without changing the refractive status obtained by the first surgery.
METHODS: Sixteen eyes of 14 patients had moderate or marked ablation decentration after previous excimer laser surgery for myopia, but with only minor residual refractive error. Five eyes had spectacle-corrected visual acuity loss and all these patients reported various symptoms such as halos, ghost images, or night driving difficulties. To recenter the ablation zone without changing the refraction, a combination myopic and hyperopic treatment was used. The hyperopic treatment was decentered toward the initial decentered myopic ablation. A myopia ablation of near equal dioptric value was then added, but decentered in the opposite direction. The Bausch & Lomb Technolas Keracor 217 laser was used.
RESULTS: After the first retreatment, the centration of the ablation zone was improved in 15 of the 16 eyes. All eyes with initial spectacle-corrected visual acuity loss recovered lines of visual acuity. Subjective decrease of symptoms was described as follows: nil in one eye, mild in one eye, moderate in four eyes, and marked in ten eyes. A second retreatment was needed in five eyes: in two to improve centration and in three to correct residual ametropia. The only complication (one eye) was induced decentration 180° away from the initial decentration with a 1-line spectacle-corrected visual acuity loss, and additional retreatment was required.
CONCLUSION: A combination of decentered myopic and hyperopic ablation of an equivalent dioptric magnitude, each decentered 180° apart, was a useful method to correct previous excimer laser treatment decentration, with minimal alteration of refractive status that was obtained by the initial surgery. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:139-148]
Comparison of Wavefront Aberrations and Optical Quality of Eyes Implanted With Five Different Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Bellucci Roberto , Morselli Simonetta , Piers Patricia 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We compared corneal and total higher order wavefront aberrations in 25 Pseudophakie eyes implanted with five different types of intraocular lenses to obtain an objective evaluation of the optical quality of these Pseudophakie eyes. Five IOLs per type were studied.
METHODS: Implanted lenses were the Pharmacia Tecnis Z9000 with negative spherical aberration, Pharmacia 911 Edge, Alcon Acrysof SA60AT and MA60BM, and Allergan Sensar AR40e. Eyes were examined using the Topcon KR-9000PW topographer/aberrometer, which obtains simultaneous coaxial measurements of corneal and ocular aberrations, and displays the calculated Point Spread Function (PSF) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF).
RESULTS: Corneal spherical aberration was positive in all tested eyes. For a 4-mm optical zone, ocular spherical aberration was 0.0054 ? 0.0172 ??? root-mean-square (RMS) in eyes implanted with the Tecnis lens, and was 0.0562 to 0.0974 ??? RMS in eyes implanted with the four other conventional IOLs. A myopic refractive shift with mydriasis of -0.08 D occurred with the Tecnis IOL; it was -0.57 to -0.90 D with the conventional IOLs. Coma did not show a substantial reduction with any of the IOLs. Total wavefront aberrations showed nonsignificant reduction with the Tecnis lens. The PSF and the MTF also showed nonsignificant improvements over conventional IOLs.
CONCLUSIONS: The optical quality of Pseudophakie eyes can be measured in vivo by aberr?meters. Different IOLs resulted in measurably different outcomes. In this preliminary study, comperisation of the spherical aberration observed with the Tecnis lens confirmed the theoretical predictions associated with this lens and resulted in no myopic shift in refraction with mydriasis. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:297-306]
Videokeratography in Conductive Keratoplasty
Authors: Haji Shamim A , Brocks Daniel C , Fahim Magid M , Asbell Penny A 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We used EyeSys videokeratography to evaluate corneal shape changes induced by conductive keratoplasty, a procedure that utilizes radio frequency energy to alter corneal shape to correct hyperopia.
METHODS: Follow-up data were available for 19 eyes (out of 24 eyes of 13 patients). Preoperative spherical hyperopia ranged from +0.75 to +3.25 D with astigmatism <0.75 D. Manifest refractive spherical equivalent refraction (MRSE), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle -corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), topographical parameter predicted corneal acuity (PCA), corneal uniformity index (CU Index), regular astigmatism, total astigmatism, average simulated keratometry (Avg Sim K), effective refractive power, and asphericity were measured preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively.
RESULTS: Twelve months postoperatively, mean PCA, CU Index, and BSCVA were maintained at preoperative levels. Mean UCVA (LogMAR) improved from 0.53 ± 0.21 to 0.10 ± 0.19 (P<.05) with a mean MRSE change from +1.62 ± 0.76 D to -0.06 ± 0.84 D (P<.05) from preoperative to 12 months postoperative. Mean asphericity increased +0.044 ± 0.24 D (P>.05), mean Avg Sim K increased 1.88 ± 0.72 D (P<.05), mean effective refractive power increased 1.71 ± 0.79 D (P<.05), mean cylinder (cycloplegic refraction) increased 0.19 ± 0.36 D (P<.05), mean regular astigmatism increased 0.25 ± 0.49 D (P>.05), and mean irregular astigmatism decreased 0.01 ± 0.13 D (P>.05) from preoperative to 12 months after conductive keratoplasty.
CONCLUSIONS: Avg Sim K and effective refractive power changes support the refractive results; 12-month postoperative maintenance of BSCVA, PCA, and CU Index suggest the procedure is safe. Conductive keratoplasty induced a slight regular astigmatism in some eyes, which decreased with time. The increase in mean corneal asphericity indicated possible induction of central and peripheral cornea changes. [J Refract Surg 2004;20: 329-336]