bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting aberrant dendritic integration to treat cognitive comorbidities of epilepsy
Authors: Masala Nicola , Pofahl Martin , Haubrich André N , Sameen Islam Khondker Ushna , Nikbakht Negar , Pasdarnavab Maryam , Kamali Fateme , Bohmbach Kirsten , Henneberger Christian , Golcuk Kurtulus , Ewell Laura A , Blaess Sandra , Kelly Tony , Beck Heinz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMemory deficits are a debilitating symptom of epilepsy, but little is known about mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits. Here, we describe a Na+channel-dependent mechanism underlying altered hippocampal dendritic integration, degraded place coding, and deficits in spatial memory.Two-photon glutamate uncaging experiments revealed that the mechanisms constraining the generation of Na+spikes in hippocampal 1storder pyramidal cell dendrites are profoundly degraded in experimental epilepsy. A selective Nav1.3 sodium channel blocker reversed this effect, and Nav1.3 channels were up-regulated selectively in principal neurons at the mRNA level. Finally, in-vivo two-photon imaging revealed that the Nav1.3 channel blocker improves degraded hippocampal spatial representations, and reverses hippocampal memory deficits.Thus, a dendritic channelopathy may underlie cognitive deficits in epilepsy and targeting it pharmacologically may constitute a new avenue to enhance cognition.One Sentence SummaryImpaired input computations via aberrant dendritic spikes in chronic epilepsy degrade neuronal place codes and spatial memory
Milo:differential abundance testing on single-cell data using k-NN graphs
Authors: Dann Emma , Henderson Neil C. , Teichmann Sarah A. , Morgan Michael D. , Marioni John C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSingle-cell omic protocols applied to disease, development or mechanistic studies can reveal the emergence of aberrant cell states or changes in differentiation. These perturbations can manifest as a shift in the abundance of cells associated with a biological condition. Current computational workflows for comparative analyses typically use discrete clusters as input when testing for differential abundance between experimental conditions. However, clusters are not always an optimal representation of the biological manifold on which cells lie, especially in the context of continuous differentiation trajectories. To overcome these barriers to discovery, we presentMilo, a flexible and scalable statistical framework that performs differential abundance testing by assigning cells to partially overlapping neighbourhoods on a k-nearest neighbour graph. Our method samples and refines neighbourhoods across the graph and leverages the flexibility of generalized linear models, making it applicable to a wide range of experimental settings. Using simulations, we show thatMilois both robust and sensitive, and can reveal subtle but important cell state perturbations that are obscured by discretizing cells into clusters. We illustrate the power ofMiloby identifying the perturbed differentiation during ageing of a lineage-biased thymic epithelial precursor state and by uncovering extensive perturbation to multiple lineages in human cirrhotic liver.Milois provided as an open-source R software package with documentation and tutorials athttps://github.com/MarioniLab/miloR.
Do public governance and patriotism matter? Sales tax compliance among small and medium enterprises in developing countries: Jordanian evidence
Authors: Alshira'h Ahmad Farhan , Al-Shatnawi Hasan Mahmoud , Al-Okaily Manaf , Lutfi Abdalwali , Alshirah Malek Hamed 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to better understand the issues on tax compliance. This study aims to examine the influence of patriotism and public governance on the sales tax compliance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and to examine the interaction between patriotism and public governance on sales tax compliance.Design/methodology/approachThis study was carried out by soliciting the opinions of owner-managers of SMEs in Jordan through a survey that was distributed by self-administered. This paper uses partial least squares structural equation modelling to investigate the influence of patriotism, public governance and the interaction of these two mechanisms on sales tax compliance for a sample of 385 SMEs.FindingsThis paper finds that patriotism and the public governance increase and improve the level of sales tax compliance. The findings also supported the interaction effect of patriotism on the relationship between public governance with sales tax compliance. Thus, all the hypothesised relationships were supported.Practical implicationsTax authorities and policymakers in developing majority societies in developing countries and in other Arab countries, especially in Jordan, may use the results to focus their interest on the formulation of policies founded on the outcomes of the study to strengthen the compliance of eligible SMEs to further boost their sales collections.Originality/valueVery few studies have examined the determinants of sales tax compliance, and there has been an absence of work that examines the influence of the patriotism and public governance on sales tax compliance. This paper, therefore, fills a gap in the literature by providing the first empirical evidence about the influence of patriotism and public governance on sales tax compliance of SMEs in developing countries. This study is the initial paper to examine the interaction between patriotism and public governance on sales tax compliance among SMEs in developing countries
The nexus of teaching, research and practice: perceptions and expectations of undergraduate education students in Southeast Turkey
Authors: Smirnova Yelena , Dos Bulent 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis study aims to explore the perceptions and expectations of the undergraduate students toward the teaching-research-practice nexus (TRPN) and propose a framework for the integration of nexus components at each undergraduate level. It also intends to identify whether students' views differ depending on their specialization, year of study, academic performance and gender.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative analysis was employed to evaluate the views of 460 undergraduate students from faculties of education in the Southeast Anatolia region of Turkey. The data were collected through the survey with a five-point Likert scale. A t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for the analysis of data.FindingsSignificant differences in the perceptions and expectations of the undergraduate students in relation to the TRPN suggest a gap in their satisfaction with the present teaching approach. The factors influencing students' perceptions include specialization, year of study and academic performance. Student expectations of the TRPN are affected by their specialization and GPA. The influence of gender was not confirmed.Research limitations/implicationsThe lack of previous research on the TRPN creates a need for further development in this area of study. The sample limited to education faculty in one region precludes generalization of the findings beyond the study setting.Practical implicationsThe present study provides preliminary information for education faculties on how to meet students' learning expectations through proportional integration of the TRPN components into the undergraduate curriculum.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the ongoing debate and scarce literature on the TRPN at the undergraduate level and proposes an original framework for linking teaching, research, and practice.
Determining nonfamily employees' job satisfaction and turnover intentions: the roles of job autonomy and work passion
Authors: Mustafa Michael , Ramos Hazel Melanie , Zainal Badri Siti Khadijah 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study seeks to examine how nonfamily employees' job autonomy and work passion can influence their job satisfaction and intention to quit in family small-to-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Current, research regarding the determinants of nonfamily employees' job satisfaction and turnover intentions has largely focused on the effects of family influence and family firm characteristics. Accordingly, not much is known of how the job characteristics and emotions of nonfamily employees influence their job satisfaction and intention to quit.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 160 nonfamily employees across 28 family-SMEs. Process macro was used to analyze the mediating role of nonfamily employees' work passion in the relationship between their job autonomy and job satisfaction and intention to quit.FindingsFindings showed that nonfamily employees' job autonomy only had a significant direct effects on their job satisfaction and not their intention to quit. Subsequently, nonfamily employees' work passion was found to only partially mediate the relationship between their job autonomy and job satisfaction.Originality/valueBy focusing on the concepts of job autonomy and work passion, the study adds additional insights about the drivers of nonfamily employees' pro-organizational attitudes in family-SMEs. Also the study represents one of the first efforts in the literature to establish a link between job autonomy and the work passion of nonfamily employees with respect to their job satisfaction.
Drama pedagogy as a catalyst for shifting language anxiety in primary school teachers: offering critical engagement within EFL classroom
Authors: Araki Naoko 
Published: November 2020

PurposeJapanese school teachers are facing challenges under the new curricula reform, and there is still a lack of preparation to guide them to a successful implementation. Dilemmas related to teaching English language in primary schools were seen among participant teachers in a program of professional learning. This study aims (1) to identify a feeling of anxiety and readiness to the new EFL curricula and (2) to offer a professional learning program for shifting their concerns to regain their confidence and agency as educators.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted based on qualitative research. Qualitative data was collected from 40 participating teachers in the professional learning program, and later was critically analysed.FindingsInitial findings revealed that the majority of participants felt concerned towards teaching EFL in their school, as they are homeroom teachers, not specialist teachers in EFL. Drama pedagogy helped shifting their language anxiety and repositioning themselves within the new EFL curricular implementation, as it became evident through the reflections of the professional development workshop.Originality/valueThe study highlights current educational issues that Japanese primary school teachers are facing. Failure to fully address their feeling of anxiety underlies the Japanese school culture. Drama pedagogy, despite being quite new to educational pedagogy in Japan, was effective in allowing the participants to freely express their voices.
Discordance between patient‐reported and actual emergency department pain management
Authors: Taylor David McD , Valentine Safire , Majer James , Grant Nicole 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine patient knowledge of the nature of their pain management in the ED.MethodsThis was a planned sub‐study of data collected during a randomised, controlled trial of the nature of the informed consent process in a single ED. Patients aged ≥18 years, with a triage pain score of ≥4, were enrolled. Forty‐eight hours post‐ED discharge, patients were asked if they had declined analgesia or if a range of pain management options had been administered. The primary outcome was discordance between the patient report and the ED report (proportion of cases where these reports differed).ResultsOutcome data were collected on 655 patients. There was significant discordance for all variables examined (P < 0.001). Discordance for patients declining analgesia was lowest at 8.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.8–11.4). Discordance for administration of pain management ‘other’ than analgesia was highest at 32.6% (95% CI 29.0–36.4). Discordance for the administration of oral analgesia or ‘any’ analgesia was 17.1% (95% CI 14.3–20.3) and 14.4% (95% CI 11.8–17.3), respectively. For both of these outcomes, patients with chest pain and lower triage pain scores were more likely to report discordant responses. With the exception of ‘other’ pain management, smaller proportions of patients incorrectly reported not receiving management than incorrectly reporting that they did receive it.ConclusionPatients are often unaware of the nature of their pain management. They are most often unaware of management other than analgesia. Patients with chest pain and lower triage pain scores had the least knowledge of their pain management.
Social service as glasshouses? On the use and consequences of the Open Comparison system in Swedish social services
Authors: Johansson Staffan , Liljegren Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPerformance measurement (PM) systems where local governments performance is exposed to public scrutiny have been demanded in many OECD (Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development) countries. The experiences from the Swedish Open Comparisons (OC) system have been highlighted as a particularly interesting case because it bears similarities with both Anglo‐Saxon countries concerning coverage, scope, and transparency, and also with Continental European countries concerning voluntarism, sanctions, and policy sensitivity. The aim of this article is to investigate how managers and senior officials within the Swedish social services use the OC‐system, how they perceive its consequences, and also to understand how their use can be explained.The study is based on concepts identified in previous research on use of performance information. The empirical investigation is based on a survey to 269 managers and senior officials in the social services in randomly selected municipalities.The analysis shows that the OC system is mainly used for reporting to superior levels, identifying needs for improvements, and for evaluating the developments over time. The use is to a high extent determined by if the OC system has a strong support from the local leadership structure, and also if the users perceive it as a reliable and mature system. The users’ perceived consequences of the system concern changed attitudes, forms of governance, and also concrete operational processes.
Reluctant Generalised Additive Modelling
Authors: Tay J. Kenneth , Tibshirani Robert 
Published: November 2020

SummarySparse generalised additive models (GAMs) are an extension of sparse generalised linear models that allow a model's prediction to vary non‐linearly with an input variable. This enables the data analyst build more accurate models, especially when the linearity assumption is known to be a poor approximation of reality. Motivated by reluctant interaction modelling, we propose a multi‐stage algorithm, called reluctant generalised additive modelling (RGAM), that can fit sparse GAMs at scale. It is guided by the principle that, if all else is equal, one should prefer a linear feature over a non‐linear feature. Unlike existing methods for sparse GAMs, RGAM can be extended easily to binary, count and survival data. We demonstrate the method's effectiveness on real and simulated examples.
From fitness landscapes evolution to automatic local search algorithm generation
Authors: Hénaux Vincent , Goëffon Adrien , Saubion Frédéric 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSolving an optimization problem with local search algorithms consists of evolving a solution by means of an evaluation function, which is usually directly derived from the objective function of the problem. The resolution difficulties appear when the fitness landscape naturally induced by the problem instance is not perfectly exploitable, has a certain level of ruggedness, and therefore has many local optima. We propose here to shift the problem of searching a solution, from searching an evaluation function that maximizes the efficiency of the corresponding local search algorithm. In particular, we propose an evolution strategy scheme designed to evolve fitness functions and their corresponding fitness landscapes. The purpose is to generate a local search algorithm guided by an evolved fitness function specifically dedicated to tackling the problem instance to solve. Here, we focus on hill‐climbing algorithms and NK landscapes and show that such a strategy can be efficient to generate relevant search algorithms whose components are not problem‐specific.
Evaluation of piggyBac‐mediated anti‐CD19 CAR‐T cells after ex vivo expansion with aAPCs or magnetic beads
Authors: Yang Li‐Rong , Li Lin , Meng Ming‐Yao , Wang Wen‐Ju , Yang Song‐Lin , Zhao Yi‐Yi , Wang Run‐Qing , Gao Hui , Tang Wei‐Wei , Yang Yang , Yang Li‐Li , Liao Li‐Wei , Hou Zong‐Liu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdoptive immunotherapy is a new potential method of tumour therapy, among which anti‐CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy (CAR‐T cell), is a typical treatment agent for haematological malignancies. Previous clinical trials showed that the quality and phenotype of CAR‐T cells expanded ex vivo would seriously affect the tumour treatment efficacy. Although magnetic beads are currently widely used to expand CAR‐T cells, the optimal expansion steps and methods have not been completely established. In this study, the differences between CAR‐T cells expanded with anti‐CD3/CD28 mAb‐coated beads and those expanded with cell‐based aAPCs expressing CD19/CD64/CD86/CD137L/mIL‐15 counter‐receptors were compared. The results showed that the number of CD19‐specific CAR‐T cells with a 4‐1BB and CD28 co‐stimulatory domain was much greater with stimulation by aAPCs than that with beads. In addition, the expression of memory marker CD45RO was higher, whereas expression of exhausted molecules was lower in CAR‐T cells expanded with aAPCs comparing with the beads. Both CAR‐T cells showed significant targeted tumoricidal effects. The CAR‐T cells stimulated with aAPCs secreted apoptosis‐related cytokines. Moreover, they also possessed marked anti‐tumour effect on NAMALWA xenograft mouse model. The present findings provided evidence on the safety and advantage of two expansion methods for CAR‐T cells genetically modified by piggyBac transposon system.
An Educational Experiment Resulting from COVID‐19: The Use of At‐Home Waxing and Webinars for Teaching a 3‐Week Intensive Course in Tooth Morphology to First Year Dental Students
Authors: Goodacre Charles J. , Younan Reema , Kearbey Vaughn , Fitzpatrick Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo report the outcomes of presenting a 3‐week intensive course in tooth morphology to first year dental students using “at‐home” waxing projects and webinars.Materials and MethodsStudents were provided with the instrumentation and materials required to complete 5 waxing projects at home during the 3‐week course. In the same time period, the didactic content was presented via 11 webinar sessions. A postcourse survey provided student perspectives regarding this new experience.ResultsStudents were able to effectively complete high‐quality waxing projects at home by using step‐by‐step images and videos but the survey indicated an overwhelming preference for in‐person faculty feedback. Webinars based on the students having studied the 3D Tooth Atlas and an instructor reviewing content in the Atlas was effective in teaching the didactic aspect of tooth morphology as evidenced by the student grades and survey results. However, most of the students indicated a preference for physically going to class and being able to interact with faculty and classmates as opposed to online webinars. The condensed 3‐week version of the course was part of an expanded 4‐week student orientation and worked well, allowing other clinical precursor courses to occur before their usual time in the curriculum, thereby allowing students to begin earlier patient treatment.ConclusionsThe at‐home waxing exercises produced very good results by having the students use step‐by‐step images and videos in the 3D Tooth Atlas. However, the students indicated a strong preference for personal faculty feedback that was not available at home. Students effectively learned the didactic aspects of tooth morphology through the webinars with accompanying use of the 3D Tooth Atlas but again most students prefer physically going to class and being able to interact with faculty and classmates. These preferences for contact with classmates and faculty supports the natural human desire for personal interactions with other human beings.
Efficient expression and function of a receptor‐like kinase in wheat powdery mildew defence require an intron‐located MYB binding site
Authors: Xia Tengfei , Yang Yanping , Zheng Hongyuan , Han Xinyun , Jin Huaibing , Xiong Zijun , Qian Weiqiang , Xia Lanqi , Ji Xiang , Li Guangwei , Wang Daowen , Zhang Kunpu 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe LRK10‐like receptor kinases (LRK10L‐RLKs) are ubiquitously present in higher plants, but knowledge of their expression and function is still limited. Here, we report expression and functional analysis of TtdLRK10L‐1, a typical LRK10L‐RLK in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum). The introns of TtdLRK10L‐1 contained multiple kinds of predicted cis‐elements. To investigate the potential effect of these cis‐elements on TtdLRK10L‐1 expression and function, two types of transgenic wheat lines were prepared, which expressed a GFP‐tagged TtdLRK10L‐1 protein (TtdLRK10L‐1:GFP) from the cDNA or genomic DNA (gDNA) sequence of TtdLRK10L‐1 under the native promoter. TtdLRK10L‐1:GFP expression was up‐regulated by the powdery mildew pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) in both types of transgenic plants, with the scale of the elevation being much stronger in the gDNA lines. Both types of transgenic plants exhibited enhanced resistance to Bgt infection relative to wild type control. Notably, the Bgt defence activated in the gDNA lines was significantly stronger than that in the cDNA lines. Further analysis revealed that a putative MYB transcription factor binding site (MYB‐BS, CAGTTA) located in TtdLRK10L‐1 intron I was critical for the efficient expression and function of TtdLRK10L‐1 in Bgt defence. This MYB‐BS could also increase the activity of a superpromoter widely used in ectopic gene expression studies in plants. Together, our results deepen the understanding of the expression and functional characteristics of LRK10L‐RLKs. TtdLRK10L‐1 is likely useful for further dissecting the molecular processes underlying wheat defence against Bgt and for developing Bgt resistant wheat crops.
From the Hawaiian classroom to the wards: A model of effective pedagogy for clinicians, trainees, and patients
Authors: Ferenchak Kenny S. , Wyatt Tasha R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClinical teachers receive little training in the actual practice of teaching, often lacking any pedagogical framework by which to approach learners. The Center for Research in Education, Diversity, and Excellence (CREDE) offers an evidence‐based pedagogical framework from our experience in primary and secondary education that can transform the clinician’s teaching practice. The CREDE standards of effective pedagogy provide concrete guidance for a clinician’s interactions with trainees, peers, and patients. This framework can support clinical teachers to be more effective when working with the diverse set of trainees, peers, and patients that our fields must engage.