bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decisional conflict among adolescents and parents making decisions about genomic sequencing results
Authors: Raghuram Pillai Preethi , Prows Cynthia A. , Martin Lisa J. , Myers Melanie F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGenomic testing of adolescents is increasing yet engaging them in decision‐making is not routine. We assessed decisional conflict in adolescents and a parent making independent decisions about actual genomic testing results and factors that influenced their choices. We enrolled 163 dyads consisting of an adolescent (13‐17 years) not selected based on a specific clinical indication and one parent. After independently choosing categories of conditions to learn for the adolescent, participants completed the validated Decisional Conflict Scale and a survey assessing factors influencing their respective choices. Adolescents had higher decisional conflict scores than parents (15.6 [IQR:4.7‐25.6] vs 9.4 [IQR:1.6‐21.9]; P = .0007). Adolescents with clinically significant decisional conflict were less likely to choose to learn all results than adolescents with lower decisional conflict (19.6% vs 80.4%; P < .0001) and less likely to report their choices were influenced by actionability of results (33.3% vs 18.9%; P = .044) and feeling confident they can deal with the results (71.2% vs 91.9%; P = .0005). Our findings suggest higher decisional conflict in adolescents may influence the type and amount of genomic results they wish to learn. Additional research assessing decisional conflict and factors influencing testing choices among adolescents in clinical settings are required.
Clinical denture base deformation with different attachments used to stabilize implant overdentures: A crossover study
Authors: ELsyad Moustafa Abdou , Fathe Mahanna Fatma , Samir Khirallah Ahmed , Ali Habib Ahmed 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this crossover study was to compare clinical denture base deformation with different attachments used for mandibular implant overdentures.Materials and methodsTwenty‐four patients with edentulous mandibular ridges received two implants in the former canine regions. Three months thereafter, each patient was randomly given the following implant overdentures in a crossover design: (a) bar implant overdentures (BOD), (b) resilient telescopic implant overdentures (TOD), and (c) stud implant overdentures (SOD). Six linear strain gauges were attached to the lingual surface of the implant overdentures opposite to the abutments (Ch1and Ch2 at clenching [left] side and Ch5and Ch6 at non‐clenching [right] side) and at midline (Ch3 and Ch4). Three months after wearing each implant overdenture, strain registrations were performed during clenching without food and during clenching on soft (cake) and hard (carrot) foods. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare denture strains between group, channels, and clenching conditions.ResultsBar implant overdentures showed significantly higher (p < .001) total microstrains (403.7 ± 306.8 μɛ) than TOD (146.9 ± 131.8 μɛ) and SOD (99.8 ± 75.6 μɛ). No difference in microstrain was noted between TOD and SOD (p = .06, n.s.). Channels opposite to the abutments at clenching side (ch2) recorded the highest total strain during clenching hard (390.4 ± 381.6 μɛ) and soft (223.5 ± 220.2 μɛ) foods. Clenching hard food was associated with significant higher total microstrain than clenching soft food (p = .002).ConclusionTelescopic and stud attachments are recommended to be used for two‐implant mandibular over dentures as they were associated with reduced denture base deformation compared with bar attachments.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the anatomical variants of the left colic artery
Authors: Cirocchi R. , Randolph J. , Cheruiyot I. , Davies J. R. , Wheeler J. , Lancia M. , Gioia S. , Carlini L. , di Saverio S. , Henry B. M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo provide a comprehensive evidence‐based assessment of the anatomical variations of the left colic artery (LCA).MethodA thorough systematic search of the literature up until 1 April 2019 was conducted on the electronic databases PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science (WOS) to identify studies eligible for inclusion. Data were extracted and pooled into a meta‐analysis using the Metafor package in R. The primary outcomes of interest were the absence of the LCA and the anatomical variants of its origin. The secondary outcomes were the distance (mean ± SD) between the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery (OIMA) and the origin of the left colic artery (OLCA).ResultsA total of 19 studies (n = 2040 patients) were included. The pooled prevalence estimate (PPE) of LCA absence was 1.2% (95% CI 0.0–3.6%). Across participants with either a Type I or Type II LCA, the PPE of a Type I LCA was 49.0% (95% CI 40.2–57.8%). The PPE of a Type II LCA was therefore 51.0%. The pooled mean distance from the OIMA to the OLCA was 40.41 mm (95 CI% 38.69–42.12 mm). The pooled mean length of a Type I LCA was 39.12 mm (95% CI 36.70–41.53 mm) while the pooled mean length of a Type IIa and Type IIb LCA was 41.43 mm (95% CI 36.90–43.27 mm) and 39.64 mm (95% CI 37.68–41.59 mm), respectively.ConclusionAlthough the absence of the LCA is a rare occurrence (PPE 1.2%), it may be associated with an important risk of anastomotic leakage as a result of insufficient vascularization of the proximal colonic conduit. It is also necessary to distinguish variants I and II of Latarjet, the frequency of which is identical, with division of the LCA being technically more straightforward in variant I of Latarjet. Surgeons should be aware that technical difficulties are likely to be more common with variant II of Latarjet, as LCA ligation may be more difficult due to its close proximity to the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV).
Prognostication of inflammatory cells in liver transplantation: Is the waitlist neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio really predictive of tumor biology?
Authors: McVey John C. , Sasaki Kazunari , Firl Daniel J. , Fujiki Masato , Diago‐Uso Teresa , Quintini Cristiano , Eghtesad Bijan , Miller Charles C. , Hashimoto Koji , Aucejo Federico N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this retrospective study was to characterize the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on the waitlist and determine its prognostic utility in liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with special focus on longitudinal data. Biomarkers such as pre‐operative NLR have been suggested to predict poor oncological outcomes for patients with HCC seeking LT. NLR's utility is thought to be related to tumor biology. However, recent studies have demonstrated that a high NLR conveys worse outcomes in non‐HCC cirrhotics. This study investigated the relationship between NLR, liver function, tumor factors and patient prognosis.MethodsPatients with HCC undergoing LT were identified between 2002 and 2014 (n = 422). Variables of interest were collected longitudinally from time of listing until LT. The prognostic utility of NLR was assessed using Kaplan‐Meier and Cox Proportional Hazard regression. Associations between NLR and MELD‐Na, AFP, and tumor morphology were also assessed.ResultsNLR demonstrated a positive correlation with MELD‐Na at LT (R2 = 0.125, P < 0.001) and had parallel trends over time. The lowest NLR quartile had a median MELD‐Na of 9 while the highest had a median MELD‐Na of 19. There were minimal differences in AFP, tumor morphology, and rates of vascular invasion between quartiles. NLR was a statistically significant predictor of OS (HR = 1.64, P = 0.017) and recurrence (HR = 1.59, P = 0.016) even after controlling for important tumor factors. However, NLR lost its statistical significance when MELD‐Na was added to the Cox regression model (OS: HR = 1.46, P = 0.098) (recurrence: HR = 1.40, P = 0.115).ConclusionsNLR is a highly volatile marker on the waitlist that demonstrates a significant correlation and collinearity with MELD‐Na temporally and at the time of LT. These characteristics of NLR bring into question its utility as a predictive marker in HCC patients.
Diminished school‐based support for the management of type 1 diabetes in adolescents compared to younger children
Authors: McCollum D. C. , O'Grady M. J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate diabetes management at school in a large cohort of adolescents with type 1 diabetes and to compare the level of support provided to adolescents with that provided to younger children.MethodsQuestionnaires were distributed to adolescents with type 1 diabetes attending nine regional and tertiary paediatric diabetes services in the Republic of Ireland. The data collected included patient demographics, treatment regimen and support provided for self‐care management. Results were compared with a similar cohort of primary school children with type 1 diabetes, studied using similar methodology.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 405 adolescents with a median age of 15 years, of whom 215 (54%) were on multiple daily injections and 128 (32%) were on pump therapy. Eighty‐five percent of pump users administered their bolus insulin in classrooms, whereas 76% of those on a multiple daily injection regimen injected outside the classroom. Girls were less likely to administer bolus insulin in an office (10% vs 19%) and more likely to administer it in the bathroom (50% vs 34%; P=0.01). Twenty‐five adolescents (12%) on multiple daily injection regimens did not administer bolus insulin at school. Compared to primary school children with type 1 diabetes, adolescents were less likely to use pump therapy, have an emergency treatment plan and have a designated staff member responsible for care needs.ConclusionsSupport provided to adolescents with type 1 diabetes is diminished compared with that provided to younger schoolchildren.
Benign pericardial schwannoma with massive pericardial effusion in a Chinese man: A case report
Authors: Li Cuiling , Zhang Jingwei , Fan Rui , Chen Lili , Liu Donghong , Lin Hong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrimary cardiac neoplasms are rare, and the pericardial schwannoma has an even lower occurrence. We report a case of pericardial schwannoma in China, which is the eighth reported case adding to the existing literature on pericardial schwannoma, and this is the first case reported complicated with massive pericardial effusion. Pericardial schwannomas are usually benign, but they can sometimes have a malignant tendency and cause life‐threatening complications. Thus, it should be managed aggressively and completely resected.
Instantaneous interjoint rescaling and adaptation to balance perturbation under muscular fatigue
Authors: Rinaldin Carla Daniele Pacheco , Ávila de Oliveira Júlia , Coelho Daniel Boari , Scheeren Eduardo Mendonça , Teixeira Luis Augusto 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAdaptation of automatic postural responses (APR) to balance perturbations might be thought to be impaired by muscle fatigue, given the associated proprioceptive and effector deficits. In this investigation, we aimed to evaluate the effect of muscular fatigue on APR adaptation over repetitive balance perturbations through support base backward translations. APR adaptation was evaluated in three epochs: (a) pre‐fatigue; (b) post‐fatigue, immediately following fatigue of the plantiflexor muscles through isometric contractions and (c) post‐recovery, 30 min after the end of fatiguing activity. Results showed the following: (a) Decreasing amplitudes of joints' maximum excursion over repetitive perturbations in the three fatigue‐related epochs. (b) Modulation of joints' excursion was observed in the first trial in the post‐fatigue epoch. (c) In the post‐fatigue epoch, we found interjoint rescaling, with greater amplitude of hip rotation associated with reduced amplitude of ankles' rotation. (d) Amplitudes of ankles' rotation were similar between the post‐fatigue and post‐recovery epochs. These findings lead to the conclusions that adaptation of automatic postural responses over repetitive trials was effective under focal muscular fatigue; modulation of the postural response took place in the first perturbation under fatigue, and generalization of response characteristics from post‐fatigue to post‐recovery suggests that feedforward processes in APRs generation are affected by the recent history of postural responses to stance perturbations.
Anxiety‐like behavior in female mice changes by feeding, possible effect of guanylate cyclase C
Authors: Dugandzic Aleksandra , Ratko Martina , Habek Nikola 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnxiety disorders are the most frequent mental disorders and are more prevalent in the female population. Up to date, an involvement of guanylate cyclase A and B in anxiety‐like behavior has been suggested. In this study, we showed an expression of guanylate cyclase C (GC‐C) in the amygdala which is regulated by feeding. Therefore, we further investigated sex differences of GC‐C effects on anxiety levels with special attention to female estrous cycle and feeding. The effects of estrous cycle and feeding were investigated by several behavior tests: elevated plus maze, home cage escape and novelty‐induced hypophagy. Possible changes in GC‐C expression in amygdala and hypothalamus during estrous cycle were established by qPCR. When GC‐C is activated (after a meal), the sex difference in all behavior tests used was abolished. As the expression of mRNA for GC‐C in the amygdala increases 2 hr after a meal only in female animals, the anxiety levels change after a meal again only in female animals. When the anxiety levels are investigated, it is very important to pay attention not only to estrous cycle in female animals but also when animals were fed compared to the time point of the experiments. Concluding from our results, the sex differences in the incidence of anxiety disorders in humans could be GC‐C dependent.
Impact of near‐surface hydraulic gradient on the interrill erosion process
Authors: Wang Chenfeng , Wang Bin , Wang Yunqi , Wang Yujie , Zhang Wenlong , Yan Yuke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe impact of near‐surface hydraulic gradients on interrill erosion is still obscure. The objective of this study is to distinguish the dominant interrill erosion process in areas impacted by near‐surface hydraulic gradients. A series of rainfall simulations were conducted on a clay loam soil subjected to near‐surface hydraulic gradients that shifted from drainage/saturation conditions to seepage conditions under three rainfall intensities (30, 60 and 90 mm hr−1) and two slope gradients (5° and 10°). The results showed significant differences in soil loss between all the treatments. The sediment concentrations for seepage conditions were 0.57 to 7.02 times greater than those for drainage conditions. The correlation analysis indicated that the near‐surface hydraulic gradient was a governing factor affecting interrill erosion. The critical flow rate was larger than 90 mm hr−1, suggesting that thin sheet flow does not have sufficient power to detach soil particles without raindrop impact. Furthermore, the detachment rates by raindrop impact were 1.12 to 4.60 times greater for seepage conditions than for drainage conditions. As the near‐surface hydraulic gradient shifted from drainage conditions to seepage conditions, it transitioned from transport‐limited to detachment‐limited, and the contribution of interrill erosion to overall erosion increased from 20.19 to 75.30%. The critical point of dominant interrill erosion process transition existed between saturation (SA) and artesian seepage in 20 cm of hydrostatic pressure head (SP20). The results emphasize the importance of the near‐surface hydraulic gradients’ impact on the interrill erosion process. Further investigations need to be verified in different soil types, steeper slopes and natural storms.Highlights
The impact of near‐surface hydraulic gradients on interrill erosion is only partially understood.
Dominant interrill erosion processes are identified under near‐surface hydraulic gradients.
The critical point of dominant interrill erosion process transition exists between SA and SP20.
The dominant erosion process varied as a function of near‐surface hydraulic gradients.
Afforestation for climate change mitigation: Potentials, risks and trade‐offs
Authors: Doelman Jonathan C. , Stehfest Elke , van Vuuren Detlef P. , Tabeau Andrzej , Hof Andries F. , Braakhekke Maarten C. , Gernaat David E. H. J. , van den Berg Maarten , van Zeist Willem‐Jan , Daioglou Vassilis , van Meijl Hans , Lucas Paul L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAfforestation is considered a cost‐effective and readily available climate change mitigation option. In recent studies afforestation is presented as a major solution to limit climate change. However, estimates of afforestation potential vary widely. Moreover, the risks in global mitigation policy and the negative trade‐offs with food security are often not considered. Here we present a new approach to assess the economic potential of afforestation with the IMAGE 3.0 integrated assessment model framework. In addition, we discuss the role of afforestation in mitigation pathways and the effects of afforestation on the food system under increasingly ambitious climate targets. We show that afforestation has a mitigation potential of 4.9 GtCO2/year at 200 US$/tCO2in 2050 leading to large‐scale application in an SSP2 scenario aiming for 2°C (410 GtCO2cumulative up to 2100). Afforestation reduces the overall costs of mitigation policy. However, it may lead to lower mitigation ambition and lock‐in situations in other sectors. Moreover, it bears risks to implementation and permanence as the negative emissions are increasingly located in regions with high investment risks and weak governance, for example in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Afforestation also requires large amounts of land (up to 1,100 Mha) leading to large reductions in agricultural land. The increased competition for land could lead to higher food prices and an increased population at risk of hunger. Our results confirm that afforestation has substantial potential for mitigation. At the same time, we highlight that major risks and trade‐offs are involved. Pathways aiming to limit climate change to 2°C or even 1.5°C need to minimize these risks and trade‐offs in order to achieve mitigation sustainably.
Snipe taxonomy based on vocal and non‐vocal sound displays: the South American Snipe is two species
Authors: Miller Edward H. , Areta Juan Ignacio , Jaramillo Alvaro , Imberti Santiago , Matus Ricardo 
Published: October 2019

We analysed breeding sounds of the two subspecies of South American SnipeGallinago paraguaiae paraguaiaeandGallinago paraguaiae magellanicato determine whether they might be different species: loud vocalizations given on the ground, and the tail‐generatedWinnowgiven in aerial display. Sounds of the two taxa differ qualitatively and quantitatively. Both taxa utter two types of ground call. InG. p. paraguaiae, the calls are bouts of identical sound elements repeated rhythmically and slowly (about five elements per second (Hz)) or rapidly (about 11 Hz). One call ofG. p. magellanicais qualitatively similar to those ofG. p. paraguaiaebut sound elements are repeated more slowly (about 3 Hz). However, its other call type differs strikingly: it is a bout of rhythmically repeated sound couplets, each containing two kinds of sound element. TheWinnowofG. p. paraguaiaeis a series of sound elements that gradually increase in duration and energy; by contrast, that ofG. p. magellanicahas two or more kinds of sound element that roughly alternate and are repeated as sets, imparting a stuttering quality. Sounds of the related Puna Snipe (Gallinago andina) resemble but differ quantitatively from those ofG. p. paraguaiae. Differences in breeding sounds ofG. p. paraguaiaeandG. p. magellanicaare strong and hold throughout their geographical range. Therefore we suggest that the two taxa be considered different species:G. paraguaiaeeast of the Andes in much of South America except Patagonia, andG. magellanicain central and southern Chile, Argentina east of the Andes across Patagonia, and Falklands/Malvinas.
Use of the metal artefact reduction tool in the identification of fractured endodontic instruments in cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Costa E. D. , Brasil D. M. , Queiroz P. M. , Verner F. S. , Junqueira R. B. , Freitas D. Q. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of the metal artefact reduction (MAR) tool in the diagnosis of fractured instruments in root canals of extracted mandibular molars, with or without root canal fillings.MethodologyThe root canals of 31 mandibular molars were divided into four groups: (i) the control group, without root fillings; (ii) the fracture group, without fillings and with fractured files; (iii) the fill group, with root filling; and (iv) the fill/fracture group, root filled and with fractured files. The following instruments were used as fractured endodontic instruments: stainless steel hand files, NiTi reciprocating files and NiTi rotary files. Each tooth was inserted in a dry mandible to obtain cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images using a CBCT OP300 3D Maxio (Instrumentarium Dental, Tuusula, Finland) and Picasso Trio (Vatech, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea), with and without application of the MAR tool. All images were evaluated by three radiologists for the presence or absence of fractured files on a 5‐point scale. The diagnostic accuracy (area under ROC curve) was calculated. Image noise was measured in regions of trabecular and cortical bone and soft tissue. The comparison between the ROC curve values with the MAR tool enabled or disabled was performed using a t‐test. A t‐test was also employed for comparing image noise when the MAR tool was enabled and disabled. The significance level was set at 5%.ResultsThe use of the MAR tool did not influence the diagnostic accuracy for identifying fractured endodontic instruments in root canals with and without fillings in both CBCT systems (P > 0.05), nor did it influence the image noise (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe MAR tool on these two devices did not increase the detection of fractured endodontic instruments and did not reduce image noise using extracted mandibular molars. Therefore, the MAR tool is not recommended for evaluation of fractured endodontic instruments in teeth with and without root fillings in mandibular molars.
Mechanisms of oil uptake during deep frying and applications of predrying and hydrocolloids in reducing fat content of chips
Authors: Lumanlan Jane Cantre , Fernando Warnakulasuriya Mary Ann Dipika Binosha , Jayasena Vijay 
Published: October 2019

SummaryDeep frying resulting in high‐fat content is extensively used in the food industries and domestic households, and becoming an integral diet globally. The physical and chemical changes and oil uptake contributes to the unique taste and texture of fried food. Consumption of food high in fat is a health concern due to the increasing rate of obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Consumer awareness has led food industries to aim at fat reduction while maintaining the organoleptic properties of fried foods. This article reviews recent findings in reducing fat content emphasising on pretreatments. Modification of product surface was proven to lower fat content, reducing moisture content by 10% after predrying results in 54% fat reduction, while hydrocolloids coating in potato chips reduces fat content by 57% after deep frying. Although current technology, vacuum frying and air frying have a promising result in using less oil, but the initial cost is high.