bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a gentamicin‐citrate lock leads to lower catheter‐related bloodstream infection rates and reduced cost of care in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Hussein Wael F. , Gomez Norma , Sun Sumi J. , Yu Junhua , Yang Fang , Ajuria Michael , Abra Graham E. , Schiller Brigitte 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionCentral venous catheters (CVC) are a major contributor to infections in hemodialysis (HD) patients, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Gentamicin‐citrate (GC) lock is used as standard of care at centers belonging to a mid‐size dialysis organization. Four outpatient HD centers acquired by the organization continued to use heparin for catheter locks for a period of time before converting to the provider's standard of using GC lock.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, we included patients receiving HD by CVC at these four centers. We report rates of CVC‐related bloodstream infections (CVC‐BSI) during the heparin lock and the GC lock periods; crude rate ratios and adjusted rate ratios using Cox survival analyses adjusting for potential confounders; microbiology patterns; safety signals (gentamicin resistance, hospitalizations and deaths); and financial impact on payer.FindingsA total of 220 and 281 patients used tunneled CVCs, accounting for 25,245 and 44,550 catheter days in the heparin and the GC lock periods, respectively. CVC‐BSI event rates were 66% lower in the GC lock period (CVC‐BSI event rate: 0.20 per 1000 catheter‐days) than the heparin lock period (rate: 0.59 per 1000 catheter days); rate ratio 0.34 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15–0.78, P = 0.01). In the fully adjusted multivariable Cox model, use of GC lock was associated with 70% reduction in CVC‐BSI events (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.12–0.72, P = 0.01). No increased risk of gentamicin resistance, hospitalizations, or death associated with use of GC lock were observed. Use of GC lock was associated with an estimated saving of $1533 (95% CI: $259–$4882) per patient per year.DiscussionUse of GC lock led to significant reductions in CVC‐BSIs with no signal for harm, and is associated with significant cost savings in dialysis care.
Midwives' experiences of witnessing traumatic hospital birth events: A qualitative study
Authors: Cankaya Seyhan , Erkal Aksoy Yasemin , Dereli Yılmaz Sema 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate in detail the traumatic birth experiences of midwives in the delivery rooms, and their attitudes, reactions, and coping strategies.MethodsThe design of the study is descriptive and the purposive sampling method was used. This approach is ideal for a preliminary exploration of the nature of a phenomenon. Between October 2018 and January 2019, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of midwives. The research was carried out with the participation of 29 midwives, who work in labour and birth room. They were asked to describe a particular stressful situation they had experienced during the birth process, their emotions about the event, and their coping strategies and support systems. All interviews were digitally recorded, stored in a database, and transferred to MAX Qualitative Data Analysis 18.1.0 for analysis.FindingsAs a result of the content analysis, three main themes emerged: psychological impact, defensive practice, and expectations in terms of support from the hospital. It was revealed that, after the traumatic birth, midwives experienced highly emotional exhaustion in the form of sadness, flashbacks, guilt, fear, and empathy, and they performed an increasingly defensive practice. During the interviews, we observed that 19 midwives needed psychological support. Besides, midwives explicitly stated that they were not prepared enough for traumatic events and that most traumatic births were simply ignored in their workplace. Eventually, it was determined that midwives received support mostly from their colleagues in case of a traumatic birth.Conclusion(s)Midwives need to feel valued and be supported by their institutions in coping with emotional stress. Therefore, performing clinical inspections by experienced or specialist midwives may serve as a supporting framework for reducing defensive interventions.
Successful outcome in a rare case of live post‐term ovarian pregnancy
Authors: Agarwal Neha , Shekhar Shashank , Goyal Manu , Singh Pratibha , Yadav Taruna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOvarian ectopic is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy and reaching up to term is an extreme rarity. It is usually diagnosed incidentally when a cesarean section is done for other obstetric causes. Being highly vascular, it may result in obstetric catastrophes. We report first live post‐term ovarian pregnancy well managed with multidisciplinary approach. A 35‐year multigravida at 44 weeks presented with a diagnosis of placenta percreta. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested abdominal pregnancy with a live fetus. On laparotomy, it was live ovarian ectopic with placenta attached to left infundibulopelvic vessels and later confirmed on histological examination. Ovarian ectopic is best diagnosed in the first trimester by ultrasound and managed by laparoscopy or laparotomy. It is usually misdiagnosed as an abdominal pregnancy at term even with the use of high‐end technology. It always poses a dilemma for clinicians. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging helps in the planning of surgery with all precautionary measures and counseling of patients.
Does Parental Separation Lower Genetic Influences on Children's School Performance?
Authors: Baier Tina , Van Winkle Zachary 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveA behavioral genetics approach is used to test whether parental separation lowers the importance of genes for children's school performance.BackgroundThe Scarr–Rowe hypothesis, which states that the relative importance of genes on cognitive ability is higher for advantaged compared to disadvantaged children, has been expanded to educational outcomes. However, advantage/disadvantage is predominantly conceptualized as parental socioeconomic status and neglects other important factors. This study expands upon the literature to include family structure as an indicator for advantage/disadvantage.MethodData from TwinLife, a new population‐register‐based sample of twins and their families in Germany, and ACE variance decomposition models are used to estimate the heritability of cognitive ability (NPairs = 896), school grades (NPairs = 740), and academic self‐concept (NPairs = 949) separately for single‐parent and two‐parent households.ResultsFindings show that the relative importance of genes on children's cognitive ability and academic self‐concept is lower for children in single‐parent households compared to two‐parent households (32–47% and 23–50%, respectively), but differences are negligible for math grades (41–43%). ACE models adjusted for mothers' education and household income retrieve substantively similar results.ConclusionThe quality of the family environment that is important for the realization of children's genetic potential is not just shaped by socioeconomic status, but also family structure.
TaRPP13‐3, a CC‐NBS‐LRR‐like gene located on chr 7D, promotes disease resistance to wheat powdery mildew in Brock
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Zhang Chaoqun , Zhang Lulu , Huang Jianguo , Dang Chen , Xie Chaojie , Wang Zhenying 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDisease resistance (R) gene, RPP13, plays an important role in the resistance of plants to pathogen infections; its function in resistance of wheat to powdery mildew remains unknown. In this study, a RNA‐Seq technique was used to monitor expression of genes in susceptible wheat ‘Jing411’ and resistant near‐isogenic line ‘BJ‐1’ in response to powdery mildew infection. Overall, 413 differential expression genes were observed and identified as involved in disease resistance. RPP13 homologous gene on wheat chromosome 7D was preliminarily identified using the wheat 660K SNP chip. RPP13 was highly expressed in ‘BJ‐1’ and encodes 1,027 amino acids, including CC, NB and LRR domain, termed TaRPP13‐3. After inoculation with powdery mildew, expression of TaRPP13‐3 in resistant wheat changed with time, but average expression was higher when compared to susceptible variety, thus indicating that TaRPP13‐3 is involved in resistance to powdery mildew. Virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to inhibit expression of TaRPP13‐3 in resistant parent ‘Brock’. Results indicated that silencing of TaRPP13‐3 led to decreased disease resistance in ‘Brock’. Overall results of this study indicate that TaRPP13‐3 gene is involved in the defence response of wheat to powdery mildew and plays a positive role in wheat powdery mildew interactions.
Characterization of shocked quartz grains from Chicxulub peak ring granites and shock pressure estimates
Authors: Feignon Jean‐Guillaume , FerriÈre Ludovic , Leroux Hugues , Koeberl Christian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlanar deformation features (PDFs) in quartz are a commonly used and well‐documented indicator of shock metamorphism in terrestrial rocks. The measurement of PDF orientations provides constraints on the shock pressure experienced by a rock sample. A total of 963 PDF sets were measured in 352 quartz grains in 11 granite samples from the basement of the Chicxulub impact structure’s peak ring (IODP‐ICDP Expedition 364 drill core), with the aim to quantify the shock pressure distribution and a possible decay of the recorded shock pressure with depth, in the attempt to better constrain shock wave propagation and attenuation within a peak ring. The investigated quartz grains are highly shocked (99.8% are shocked), with an average of 2.8 PDF sets per grain; this is significantly higher than in all previously investigated drill cores recovered from Chicxulub and also for most K‐Pg boundary samples (for which shocked quartz data are available). PDF orientations are roughly homogenous from a sample to another sample and mainly parallel to {103} and {104} orientations (these two orientations representing on average 68.6% of the total), then to {102} orientation, known to form at higher shock pressure. Our shock pressure estimates are within a narrow range, between ~16 and 18 GPa, with a slight shock attenuation with increasing depth in the drill core. The relatively high shock pressure estimates, coupled with the rare occurrence of basal PDFs, i.e., parallel to the (0001) orientation, suggest that the granite basement in the peak ring could be one of the sources of the shocked quartz grains found in the most distal K‐Pg boundary sites.
Gut microbiota degrades toxic isothiocyanates in a flea beetle pest
Authors: Shukla Shantanu P. , Beran Franziska 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicrobial symbionts of herbivorous insects have been suggested to aid in the detoxification of plant defense compounds; however, quantitative studies on microbial contribution to plant toxin degradation remain scarce. Here, we demonstrate microbiome‐mediated degradation of plant‐derived toxic isothiocyanates in the cabbage stem flea beetle Psylliodes chrysocephala, a major pest of oilseed rape. Suppression of microbiota in antibiotic‐fed beetles resulted in up to 11.3‐fold higher levels of unmetabolized isothiocyanates compared to control beetles but did not affect other known detoxification pathways in P. chrysocephala. We characterized the microbiome of laboratory‐reared and field‐collected insects using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and isolated bacteria belonging to the three core genera Pantoea, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas. Only Pantoea isolates rapidly degraded isothiocyanates in vitro, and restored isothiocyanate degradation in vivo when reintroduced in antibiotic‐fed beetles. Pantoea was consistently present across beetle life stages and in field and lab populations. In addition, Pantoea was detected in undamaged tissues of the host plant Brassica rapa, indicating that P. chrysocephala could possibly acquire an isothiocyanate detoxifying bacterium through their diet. Our results demonstrate that both insect endogenous mechanisms and the microbiota can contribute to the detoxification of plant defense compounds and together they can better account for the fate of ingested plant metabolites.
Geographical isolation, habitat shifts and hybridisation in the diversification of the Macaronesian endemic genus Argyranthemum (Asteraceae)
Authors: White Oliver W. , Reyes‐Betancort J. Alfredo , Chapman Mark A. , Carine Mark A. 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Inferring the processes responsible for the rich endemic diversity of oceanic island floras is important for our understanding of plant evolution and setting practical conservation priorities. This requires an accurate knowledge of phylogenetic relationships, which have often been difficult to resolve due to a lack of genetic variation.

We employed genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) to investigate how geographical isolation, habitat shifts, and hybridisation have contributed to the evolution of diversity observed in Argyranthemum Webb (Asteraceae), the largest genus of flowering plants endemic to the Macaronesian archipelagos.

Species relationships were resolved, and biogeographical stochastic mapping identified intra‐island speciation as the most frequent biogeographic process underlying diversification, contrary to the prevailing view in Argyranthemum and the Canary Islands. D‐statistics revealed significant evidence of hybridisation between lineages co‐occurring on the same island, however there was little support for the hypothesis that hybridisation may be responsible for the occurrence of nonmonophyletic multi‐island endemic (MIE) species.

Geographic isolation, habitat shifts and hybridisation have all contributed to the diversification of Argyranthemum, with intra‐island speciation found to be more frequent than previously thought. Morphological convergence is also proposed to explain the occurrence of nonmonophyletic MIE species. This study reveals greater complexity in the evolutionary processes generating Macaronesian endemic diversity.
Connecting vacuolar and plasma membrane transport networks
Authors: Cubero‐Font Paloma , De Angeli Alexis 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe coordinated control of ion transport across the two major membranes of differentiated plant cells, the plasma and the vacuolar membranes, is fundamental in cell physiology. The stomata responses to the fluctuating environmental conditions are an illustrative example. Indeed, they rely on the coordination of ion fluxes between the different cell compartments. The cytosolic environment, which is an interface between intracellular compartments, and the activity of the ion transporters localised in the different membranes influence one each other. Here we analyse the molecular mechanisms connecting and modulating the transport processes at both the plasma and the vacuolar membranes of guard cells.
Improving drought tolerance in rice: Ensuring food security through multi‐dimensional approaches
Authors: Khan M. Iqbal R. , Palakolanu Sudhakar R. , Chopra Priyanka , Rajurkar Ashish B. , Gupta Ravi , Iqbal Noushina , Maheshwari Chirag 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDrought has been highly prevalent around the world especially in Sub‐Saharan Africa and South‐East Asian countries. Consistent climatic instabilities and unpredictable rainfall patterns are further worsening the situation. Rice is a C3 staple cereal and an important food crop for the majority of the world's population and drought stress is one of the major growth retarding threats for rice that slashes down grain quality and yield. Drought deteriorates rice productivity and induces various acclimation responses that aids in stress mitigation. However, the complexity of traits associated with drought tolerance has made the understanding of drought stress‐induced responses in rice a challenging process. An integrative understanding based on physiological adaptations, omics, transgenic and molecular breeding approaches successively backed up to developing drought stress‐tolerant rice. The review represents a step forward to develop drought‐resilient rice plants by exploiting the knowledge that collaborates with omics‐based developments with integrative efforts to ensure the compilation of all the possible strategies undertaken to develop drought stress‐tolerant rice.
Doubly periodic lozenge tilings of a hexagon and matrix valued orthogonal polynomials
Authors: Charlier Christophe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe analyze a random lozenge tiling model of a large regular hexagon, whose underlying weight structure is periodic of period 2 in both the horizontal and vertical directions. This is a determinantal point process whose correlation kernel is expressed in terms of non‐Hermitian matrix valued orthogonal polynomials (OPs). This model belongs to a class of models for which the existing techniques for studying asymptotics cannot be applied. The novel part of our method consists of establishing a connection between matrix valued and scalar valued OPs. This allows to simplify the double contour formula for the kernel obtained by Duits and Kuijlaars by reducing the size of a Riemann–Hilbert problem. The proof relies on the fact that the matrix valued weight possesses eigenvalues that live on an underlying Riemann surface of genus 0. We consider this connection of independent interest; it is natural to expect that similar ideas can be used for other matrix valued OPs, as long as the corresponding Riemann surface is of genus 0. The rest of the method consists of two parts, and mainly follows the lines of a previous work of Charlier, Duits, Kuijlaars and Lenells. First, we perform a Deift–Zhou steepest descent analysis to obtain asymptotics for the scalar valued OPs. The main difficulty is the study of an equilibrium problem in the complex plane. Second, the asymptotics for the OPs are substituted in the double contour integral and the latter is analyzed using the saddle point method. Our main results are the limiting densities of the lozenges in the disordered flower‐shaped region. However, we stress that the method allows in principle to rigorously compute other meaningful probabilistic quantities in the model.
Pre‐clerkship physical examination assessment rubric
Authors: Feldman Max , Valeriano‐Marcet Joanne , Slone Frederick , Jacovino Crystal , Aslam Sadaf , Khalil Farina , Kumar Ambuj 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe physical examination is a core competency in the training of pre‐clerkship medical students. It is important to certify proficiency in the physical examination before students start their clinical rotations. Many institutions use home grown assessment tools for this purpose; however, there currently are no validated rubrics designed to assess the performance a head to toe physical examination by a pre‐clerkship medical student. The goal of this study is to assess the reliability (inter‐rater and intra‐rater) of our institutionally developed rubric.MethodsClinical faculty with various levels of teaching experience watched videos of students doing a head to toe physical examination and scored the students using our assessment rubric. These scores were evaluated for intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability.ResultsA total of 15 student videos were reviewed by five faculty members with varying levels of teaching experience. The degree of inter‐rater agreement (between raters) for single and average measure was excellent and the degree of intra‐rater agreement (same rater twice) for single and average measure was excellent.DiscussionWe conclude that our institutionally developed physical examination assessment rubric is a reliable means to certify proficiency in the physical examination before students start their clinical clerkships.
Greybody factor and quasinormal modes of Regular Black Holes
Authors: Rincón Ángel , Santos Victor 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the quasinormal frequencies of a class of regular black hole solutions which generalize Bardeen and Hayward spacetimes. In particular, we analyze scalar, vector and gravitational perturbations of the black hole with the semianalytic WKB method. We analyze in detail the behaviour of the spectrum depending on the parameter p/q of the black hole, the quantum number of angular momentum and the s number. In addition, we compare our results with the classical solution valid for $$p = q = 1$$

p
=
q
=
1

.
The all-loop perturbative derivation of the NSVZ $$\beta $$-function and the NSVZ scheme in the non-Abelian case by summing singular contributions
Authors: Stepanyantz K. V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe perturbative all-loop derivation of the NSVZ $$\beta $$
β
-function for $${{\mathcal {N}}}=1$$

N
=
1

supersymmetric gauge theories regularized by higher covariant derivatives is finalized by calculating the sum of singularities produced by quantum superfields. These singularities originate from integrals of double total derivatives and determine all contributions to the $$\beta $$
β
-function starting from the two-loop approximation. Their sum is expressed in terms of the anomalous dimensions of the quantum gauge superfield, of the Faddeev–Popov ghosts, and of the matter superfields. This allows obtaining the NSVZ equation in the form of a relation between the $$\beta $$
β
-function and these anomalous dimensions for the renormalization group functions defined in terms of the bare couplings. It holds for an arbitrary renormalization prescription supplementing the higher covariant derivative regularization. For the renormalization group functions defined in terms of the renormalized couplings we prove that in all loops one of the NSVZ schemes is given by the HD + MSL prescription.
TH-DPMS
Authors: Shu Jiwu , Chen Youmin , Wang Qing , Zhu Bohong , Li Junru , Lu Youyou 
Published: October 2020

The rapidly increasing data in recent years requires the datacenter infrastructure to store and process data with extremely high throughput and low latency. Fortunately, persistent memory (PM) and RDMA technologies bring new opportunities towards this goal. Both of them are capable of delivering more than 10 GB/s of bandwidth and sub-microsecond latency. However, our past experiences and recent studies show that it is non-trivial to build an efficient and distributed storage system with such new hardware. In this article, we design and implement TH-DPMS (<underline>T</underline>sing<underline>H</underline>ua <underline>D</underline>istributed <underline>P</underline>ersistent <underline>M</underline>emory <underline>S</underline>ystem) based on persistent memory and RDMA, which unifies the memory, file system, and key-value interface in a single system. TH-DPMS is designed based on a unified distributed persistent memory abstract, pDSM. pDSM acts as a generic layer to connect the PMs of different storage nodes via high-speed RDMA network and organizes them into a global shared address space. It provides the fundamental functionalities, including global address management, space management, fault tolerance, and crash consistency guarantees. Applications are enabled to access pDSM with a group of flexible and easy-to-use APIs by using either raw read/write interfaces or the transactional ones with ACID guarantees. Based on pDSM, we implement a distributed file system and a key-value store named pDFS and pDKVS, respectively. Together, they uphold TH-DPMS with high-performance, low-latency, and fault-tolerant data storage. We evaluate TH-DPMS with both micro-benchmarks and real-world memory-intensive workloads. Experimental results show that TH-DPMS is capable of delivering an aggregated bandwidth of 120 GB/s with 6 nodes. When processing memory-intensive workloads such as YCSB and Graph500, TH-DPMS improves the performance by one order of magnitude compared to existing systems and keeps consistent high efficiency when the workload size grows to multiple terabytes.