bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seepage Characteristics of Karst Water System Using Temperature Tracer Technique
Authors: Chi Guangyao , Xing Liting , Xing Xuerui , Li Changsuo , Dong Fang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn order to reveal the hydrodynamic characteristics of the karst aquifer system, the water temperature dynamic data of a hydrological year in the direct recharge area of Jinan spring area were analyzed using the temperature tracer method, and the runoff intensity of karst water was estimated. The results revealed that, affected by the regional groundwater flow, the vertical temperature profile of the study area consists of four types, a gradual cooling type, a gradual heating type, a temperature‐increasing type, and “S” type. Based on these four geothermal types, three heat transfer models adapted to the region were developed. The inflection point method is used to discriminate the horizontal runoff channels of the three depth segments in the Ordovician strata in the recharge area, and the shallow groundwater horizontal runoff intensity is greater than the deep. According to the calculation of the thermal transport model, the Ordovician limestone in the direct recharge area of the spring area is shallow (at a depth of 100 m), and the vertical flow velocity of the groundwater is around 1.28 × 10−7–3 × 10−6 cm/s, and the flow rate is slow. Based on the field tracer test, the visual flow of the karst water system was found to range between 29.41 and 115.02 m/day, indicating that the karst water is dominated by horizontal motion. Since the method of temperature measurement in the hole is relatively simple, the temperature change signal could be used to reveal the seepage characteristics of the groundwater.
The Stove, Dome, and Umbrella Effects of Atmospheric Aerosol on the Development of the Planetary Boundary Layer in Hazy Regions
Authors: Ma Yongjing , Ye Jianhuai , Xin Jinyuan , Zhang Wenyu , Vilà‐Guerau de Arellano Jordi , Wang Shigong , Zhao Dandan , Dai Lindong , Ma Yongxiang , Wu Xiaoyan , Xia Xiangao , Tang Guiqian , Wang Yuesi , Shen Pengke , Lei Yali , Martin Scot T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAtmospheric aerosol plays critical roles in suppressing planetary boundary layer (PBL) and deteriorating air quality. However, comprehensive understanding on how aerosol optical properties (absorption and scattering) affect PBL remains lacking. Utilizing a large‐eddy simulation model incorporated with in situ observations, we demonstrate distinct impacts of absorption aerosol on PBL development when it is present below (stove effect and promotion) or above morning residual layer (dome effect and strong inhibition) and similar inhibition umbrella effects of scattering aerosol on PBL regardless of its vertical locations. There exists a transition height, above which absorption aerosol is more effective in suppressing PBL and below which scattering aerosol dominates the suppression. This height is highly related to the height of morning residual layer. Aerosol stove, dome, and umbrella effects enrich our knowledge on aerosol‐PBL interactions and the latter two can be interpreted as “double inhibitions” in promoting haze episodes in the North China Plain.
Decay of Kelvin‐Helmholtz Vortices at the Earth's Magnetopause Under Pure Southward IMF Conditions
Authors: Nakamura T. K. M. , Plaschke F. , Hasegawa H. , Liu Y.‐H. , Hwang K.‐J. , Blasl K. A. , Nakamura R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAt the Earth's low‐latitude magnetopause, clear signatures of the Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) waves have been frequently observed during periods of the northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), whereas these signatures have been much less frequently observed during the southward IMF. Here, we performed the first 3‐D fully kinetic simulation of the magnetopause KH instability under the southward IMF condition. The simulation demonstrates that fast magnetic reconnection is induced at multiple locations along the vortex edge in an early nonlinear growth phase of the instability. The reconnection outflow jets significantly disrupt the flow of the nonlinear KH vortex, while the disrupted turbulent flow strongly bends and twists the reconnected field lines. The resulting coupling of the complex field and flow patterns within the magnetopause boundary layer leads to a quick decay of the vortex structure, which may explain the difference in the observation probability of KH waves between northward and southward IMF conditions.
Jet Speed Variability Obscures Euro‐Atlantic Regime Structure
Authors: Dorrington J. , Strommen K. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEuro‐Atlantic regimes are typically identified using either the latitude of the North Atlantic jet or clustering algorithms in the phase space of 500‐hPa geopotential (Z500). However, while robust trimodality is visibly apparent in jet latitude indices, Z500 clusters require highly sensitive significance tests to distinguish them from autocorrelated noise. This leads to considerable decadal variability in regime patterns, confounding many potential applications. A clear‐cut choice of the optimal number of regimes is also hard to justify. We argue that the jet speed, a near‐Gaussian distribution projecting strongly onto the Z500 field, is the source of these difficulties. Once its influence is removed, the phase space becomes visibly non‐Gaussian, and clustering algorithms easily recover three regimes, closely corresponding to the jet latitude modes. Further analysis supports the existence of two additional blocking regimes, corresponding to a tilted and split jet. All five regimes are approximately stationary across the twentieth century.
Ballooning‐Interchange Instability in the Near‐Earth Plasma Sheet and Auroral Beads: Global Magnetospheric Modeling at the Limit of the MHD Approximation
Authors: Sorathia K. A. , Merkin V. G. , Panov E. V. , Zhang B. , Lyon J. G. , Garretson J. , Ukhorskiy A. Y. , Ohtani S. , Sitnov M. , Wiltberger M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExplosive magnetotail activity has long been understood in the context of its auroral manifestations. While global models have been used to interpret and understand many magnetospheric processes, the temporal and spatial scales of some auroral forms have been inaccessible to global modeling creating a gulf between observational and theoretical studies of these phenomena. We present here an important step toward bridging this gulf using a newly developed global magnetosphere‐ionosphere model with resolution capturing
30 km azimuthal scales in the auroral zone. In a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of the growth phase of a synthetic substorm, we find the self‐consistent formation and destabilization of localized magnetic field minima in the near‐Earth magnetotail. We demonstrate that this destabilization is due to ballooning‐interchange instability which drives earthward entropy bubbles with embedded magnetic fronts. Finally, we show that these bubbles create localized field‐aligned current structures that manifest in the ionosphere with properties matching observed auroral beads.
A dynamic web-based decision aid to improve informed choice in organised breast cancer screening. A pragmatic randomised trial in Italy
Authors: Roberto Anna , Colombo Cinzia , Candiani Giulia , Satolli Roberto , Giordano Livia , Jaramillo Lina , Castagno Roberta , Mantellini Paola , Falini Patrizia , Carnesciali Eva , Valenza Mario , Costa Liliana , Campari Cinzia , Caroli Stefania , Faggiano Roberto Cosimo , Orione Lorenzo , Belmessieri Bruna , Marchiò Vanda , Deandrea Silvia , Silvestri Anna , Luciano Daniela , Paci Eugenio , Mosconi Paola 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Improving the quality of information and communication is a priority in organised breast cancer screening and an ethical duty. Programmes must offer the information each woman is looking for, promoting informed decision-making. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a web-based dynamic decision aid (DA).

Methods
A pragmatic randomised trial carried out in six regional organised screening programmes recruited women at the first invitation receiving DA or a web-based standard brochure (SB). The primary outcome was informed choice measured on knowledge, attitudes, and intentions. Follow-up period: 7–10 days. Secondary outcomes included participation rate, satisfaction, decisional conflict, and acceptability of DA.

Results
Two thousand one hundred and nineteen women were randomised and 1001 completed the study. Respectively, 43.9% and 36.9% in the DA and SB reached the informed choice. The DA gave a 13-point higher proportion of women aware about overdiagnosis compared to SB (38.3% versus 25.2%, p < 0.0001). The percentage of women attending screening was the same: 84% versus 83%. Decisional conflict was significantly lower in the DA group (14.4%) than in the SB group (19.3%).

Conclusion
DA increases informed choice. Complete information including the pros, cons, controversies, and overdiagnosis–overtreatment issues boost a woman’s knowledge without reducing the rate of actual screening participation.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT 03097653.
Transplantation of discarded livers following viability testing with normothermic machine perfusion
Authors: Mergental Hynek , Laing Richard W. , Kirkham Amanda J. , Perera M. Thamara P. R. , Boteon Yuri L. , Attard Joseph , Barton Darren , Curbishley Stuart , Wilkhu Manpreet , Neil Desley A. H. , Hübscher Stefan G. , Muiesan Paolo , Isaac John R. , Roberts Keith J. , Abradelo Manuel , Schlegel Andrea , Ferguson James , Cilliers Hentie , Bion Julian , Adams David H. , Morris Chris , Friend Peter J. , Yap Christina , Afford Simon C. , Mirza Darius F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is a limited access to liver transplantation, however, many organs are discarded based on subjective assessment only. Here we report the VITTAL clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02740608) outcomes, using normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) to objectively assess livers discarded by all UK centres meeting specific high-risk criteria. Thirty-one livers were enroled and assessed by viability criteria based on the lactate clearance to levels ≤2.5 mmol/L within 4 h. The viability was achieved by 22 (71%) organs, that were transplanted after a median preservation time of 18 h, with 100% 90-day survival. During the median follow up of 542 days, 4 (18%) patients developed biliary strictures requiring re-transplantation. This trial demonstrates that viability testing with NMP is feasible and in this study enabled successful transplantation of 71% of discarded livers, with 100% 90-day patient and graft survival; it does not seem to prevent non-anastomotic biliary strictures in livers donated after circulatory death with prolonged warm ischaemia.
Imaging the kinetics of anisotropic dissolution of bimetallic core–shell nanocubes using graphene liquid cells
Authors: Chen Lei , Leonardi Alberto , Chen Jun , Cao Muhan , Li Na , Su Dong , Zhang Qiao , Engel Michael , Ye Xingchen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChemical design of multicomponent nanocrystals requires atomic-level understanding of reaction kinetics. Here, we apply single-particle imaging coupled with atomistic simulation to study reaction pathways and rates of Pd@Au and Cu@Au core-shell nanocubes undergoing oxidative dissolution. Quantitative analysis of etching kinetics using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging reveals that the dissolution mechanism changes from predominantly edge-selective to layer-by-layer removal of Au atoms as the reaction progresses. Dissolution of the Au shell slows down when both metals are exposed, which we attribute to galvanic corrosion protection. Morphological transformations are determined by intrinsic anisotropy due to coordination-number-dependent atom removal rates and extrinsic anisotropy induced by the graphene window. Our work demonstrates that bimetallic core-shell nanocrystals are excellent probes for the local physicochemical conditions inside TEM liquid cells. Furthermore, single-particle TEM imaging and atomistic simulation of reaction trajectories can inform future design strategies for compositionally and architecturally sophisticated nanocrystals.
The root of anomalously specular reflections from solid surfaces on Saturn’s moon Titan
Authors: Hofgartner Jason D. , Hayes Alexander G. , Campbell Donald B. , Lunine Jonathan I. , Black Gregory J. , MacKenzie Shannon M. , Birch Samuel P. D. , Elachi Charles , Kirk Randolph D. , Le Gall Alice , Lorenz Ralph D. , Wall Stephen D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSaturn’s moon Titan has a methane cycle with clouds, rain, rivers, lakes, and seas; it is the only world known to presently have a volatile cycle akin to Earth’s tropospheric water cycle. Anomalously specular radar reflections (ASRR) from Titan’s tropical region were observed with the Arecibo Observatory (AO) and Green Bank Telescope (GBT) and interpreted as evidence for liquid surfaces. The Cassini spacecraft discovered lakes/seas on Titan, however, it did not observe lakes/seas at the AO/GBT anomalously specular locations. A satisfactory explanation for the ASRR has been elusive for more than a decade. Here we show that the ASRR originate from one terrain unit, likely paleolakes/paleoseas. Titan observations provide ground-truth in the search for oceans on exoearths and an important lesson is that identifying liquid surfaces by specular reflections requires a stringent definition of specular; we propose a definition for this purpose.
Recurrent horizontal transfer identifies mitochondrial positive selection in a transmissible cancer
Authors: Strakova Andrea , Nicholls Thomas J. , Baez-Ortega Adrian , Ní Leathlobhair Máire , Sampson Alexander T. , Hughes Katherine , Bolton Isobelle A. G. , Gori Kevin , Wang Jinhong , Airikkala-Otter Ilona , Allen Janice L. , Allum Karen M. , Arnold Clara L. , Bansse-Issa Leontine , Bhutia Thinlay N. , Bisson Jocelyn L. , Blank Kelli , Briceño Cristóbal , Castillo Domracheva Artemio , Corrigan Anne M. , Cran Hugh R. , Crawford Jane T. , Cutter Stephen M. , Davis Eric , de Castro Karina F. , De Nardi Andrigo B. , de Vos Anna P. , Delgadillo Keenan Laura , Donelan Edward M. , Espinoza Huerta Adela R. , Faramade Ibikunle A. , Fazil Mohammed , Fotopoulou Eleni , Fruean Skye N. , Gallardo-Arrieta Fanny , Glebova Olga , Gouletsou Pagona G. , Häfelin Manrique Rodrigo F. , Henriques Joaquim J. G. P. , Horta Rodrigo S. , Ignatenko Natalia , Kane Yaghouba , King Cathy , Koenig Debbie , Krupa Ada , Kruzeniski Steven J. , Lanza-Perea Marta , Lazyan Mihran , Lopez Quintana Adriana M. , Losfelt Thibault , Marino Gabriele , Martínez Castañeda Simón , Martínez-López Mayra F. , Masuruli Bedan M. , Meyer Michael , Migneco Edward J. , Nakanwagi Berna , Neal Karter B. , Neunzig Winifred , Nixon Sally J. , Ortega-Pacheco Antonio , Pedraza-Ordoñez Francisco , Peleteiro Maria C. , Polak Katherine , Pye Ruth J. , Ramirez-Ante Juan C. , Reece John F. , Rojas Gutierrez Jose , Sadia Haleema , Schmeling Sheila K. , Shamanova Olga , Sherlock Alan G. , Steenland-Smit Audrey E. , Svitich Alla , Tapia Martínez Lester J. , Thoya Ngoka Ismail , Torres Cristian G. , Tudor Elizabeth M. , van der Wel Mirjam G. , Vițălaru Bogdan A. , Vural Sevil A. , Walkinton Oliver , Wehrle-Martinez Alvaro S. , Widdowson Sophie A. E. , Zvarich Irina , Chinnery Patrick F. , Falkenberg Maria , Gustafsson Claes M. , Murchison Elizabeth P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAutonomous replication and segregation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) creates the potential for evolutionary conflict driven by emergence of haplotypes under positive selection for ‘selfish’ traits, such as replicative advantage. However, few cases of this phenomenon arising within natural populations have been described. Here, we survey the frequency of mtDNA horizontal transfer within the canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT), a contagious cancer clone that occasionally acquires mtDNA from its hosts. Remarkably, one canine mtDNA haplotype, A1d1a, has repeatedly and recently colonised CTVT cells, recurrently replacing incumbent CTVT haplotypes. An A1d1a control region polymorphism predicted to influence transcription is fixed in the products of an A1d1a recombination event and occurs somatically on other CTVT mtDNA backgrounds. We present a model whereby ‘selfish’ positive selection acting on a regulatory variant drives repeated fixation of A1d1a within CTVT cells.
Combined ground and aerial measurements resolve vent-specific gas fluxes from a multi-vent volcano
Authors: Pering T. D. , Liu E. J. , Wood K. , Wilkes T. C. , Aiuppa A. , Tamburello G. , Bitetto M. , Richardson T. , McGonigle A. J. S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVolcanoes with multiple summit vents present a methodological challenge for determining vent-specific gas emissions. Here, using a novel approach combining multiple ultraviolet cameras with synchronous aerial measurements, we calculate vent-specific gas compositions and fluxes for Stromboli volcano. Emissions from vent areas are spatially heterogeneous in composition and emission rate, with the central vent area dominating passive emissions, despite exhibiting the least explosive behaviour. Vents exhibiting Strombolian explosions emit low to negligible passive fluxes and are CO2-dominated, even during passive degassing. We propose a model for the conduit system based on contrasting rheological properties between vent areas. Our methodology has advantages for resolving contrasting outgassing dynamics given that measured bulk plume compositions are often intermediate between those of the distinct vent areas. We therefore emphasise the need for a vent-specific approach at multi-vent volcanoes and suggest that our approach could provide a transformative advance in volcano monitoring applications.
Hepatic HuR modulates lipid homeostasis in response to high-fat diet
Authors: Zhang Zhuojun , Zong Chen , Jiang Mingyang , Hu Han , Cheng Xiaolei , Ni Juhua , Yi Xia , Jiang Bin , Tian Feng , Chang Ming-Wen , Su Wen , Zhu Lijun , Li Jinfan , Xiang Xueping , Miao Congxiu , Gorospe Myriam , de Cabo Rafael , Dou Yali , Ju Zhenyu , Yang Jichun , Jiang Changtao , Yang Zhongzhou , Wang Wengong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLipid transport and ATP synthesis are critical for the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we report that the RNA-binding protein HuR (ELAVL1) forms complexes with NAFLD-relevant transcripts. It associates with intron 24 of Apob pre-mRNA, with the 3′UTR of Uqcrb, and with the 5′UTR of Ndufb6 mRNA, thereby regulating the splicing of Apob mRNA and the translation of UQCRB and NDUFB6. Hepatocyte-specific HuR knockout reduces the expression of APOB, UQCRB, and NDUFB6 in mice, reducing liver lipid transport and ATP synthesis, and aggravating high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD. Adenovirus-mediated re-expression of HuR in hepatocytes rescues the effect of HuR knockout in HFD-induced NAFLD. Our findings highlight a critical role of HuR in regulating lipid transport and ATP synthesis.
Maternal Work and Spontaneous Preterm Birth: A Multicenter Observational Study in Brazil
Authors: Buen Mariana , Amaral Eliana , Souza Renato T. , Passini Renato , Lajos Giuliane J. , Tedesco Ricardo P. , Nomura Marcelo L. , Dias Tábata Z. , Rehder Patrícia M. , Sousa Maria Helena , Cecatti José Guilherme ,   the Brazilian Multicentre Study on Preterm Birth Study Group†, Marba Sérgio T. , Matias Jacinta P. , Maia Filho Nelson L. , Borges Vera T. M. , Oliveira Laércio R. , Oliveira Tenilson A. , Assumpção Augusta M. B. , Moreira Maria E. L. , Guedes Marcela , Senger Cintia E , Vettorazzi Janete , Martinez Francisco E. , Quintana Silvana M. , Melli Patricia P. S. , Lima Antonio C. F. Barbosa , Leite Debora F. , Melo Junior Elias , Nascimento Denis J. , Tristão Edson G. , Siqueira Luciana F. , Coutinho Pedro R. , Guinsburg Ruth , Zamarian Ana C. P. , Souza Eduardo , Martins Marilia G. , Nunes Marynea V. , Paiva Claudio S. M. , Freire Djacyr M. C. , Lima Moisés D. , Porto Ana M. F. , Coelho Isabela C. , Melo Adriana S. O. , Melo Fabiana O. , Amorim Melânia M. R. , Menezes Carlos A. S. , Aquino Marcelo , Feitosa Francisco E. L. , Chaves George N. , Silveira Miriam R. F. , Sass Nelson , Lotufo Fátima A. H. , Uzilin Kaliane P. , Andreucci Carla B. , Zanette Elvira A. O. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is a major pregnancy complication involving biological, social, behavioural and environmental mechanisms. Workload, shift and intensity may play a role in the occurrence of sPTB. This analysis is aimed addressing the effect of occupational activities on the risk for sPTB and the related outcomes. We conducted a secondary analysis of the EMIP study, a Brazilian multicentre cross-sectional study. For this analysis, we included 1,280 singleton sPTB and 1,136 singleton term birth cases. Independent variables included sociodemographic characteristics, clinical complications, work characteristics, and physical effort devoted to household chores. A backward multiple logistic regression analysis was applied for a model using work characteristics, controlled by cluster sampling design. On bivariate analysis, discontinuing work during pregnancy and working until the 7th month of pregnancy were risks for premature birth while working during the 8th - 9th month of pregnancy, prolonged standing during work and doing household chores appeared to be protective against sPTB during pregnancy. Previous preterm birth, polyhydramnios, vaginal bleeding, stopping work during pregnancy, or working until the 7th month of pregnancy were risk factors in the multivariate analysis. The protective effect of variables compatible with exertion during paid work may represent a reverse causality. Nevertheless, a reduced risk associated with household duties, and working until the 8th-9th month of pregnancy support the hypothesis that some sort of physical exertion may provide actual protection against sPTB.
Transparent heater with meshed amorphous oxide/metal/amorphous oxide for electric vehicle applications
Authors: Lee Sang Yeol , Hwang Jin Young 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFor electric vehicle application, one of the problems to be solved is defrosting or defogging a windshield or a side mirror without gas-fired heaters. In this paper, we report on a high performance of transparent heater with meshed amorphous-SiInZnO (SIZO)/ Ag/ amorphous-SiInZnO (SIZO) (SAS) for pure electric vehicles. We have adopted amorphous oxide materials like SIZO since SIZO is well known amorphous oxide materials showing high transparency and smooth surface roughness. With the mesh processing technology, a transparent electrode with high transmittance of 91% and low sheet resistance of 13.8 Ω/ϒ was implemented. When a 10 V supply voltage is applied to transparent heater, the transparent heater on glass substrate was heated up to 130oC in just 5 seconds and then reached to 250oC after tens of seconds due to the low sheet resistance. In addition, the SAS transparent meshed heater (TMH) showed high stability under cycling test and long time working stability test.