bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educating bilingual and multilingual deaf children in the 21st century
Authors: Tang Gladys , Adam Robert , OBE Karen Simpson 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter offers an overview of sign bilingual education and some of the complex issues and challenges that impacted the evolution of sign bilingual practices in Europe, Australia and Asia. One such challenge is the promotion of inclusive education in recent years, which triggers a new thinking of partnering sign bilingualism with co-enrolment education for deaf and hearing children. The chapter ends with a summary of factors surrounding the future development of sign bilingual education, from the perspective of empirical research and pedagogy.
Preparation of 13X zeolite powder and membrane: investigation of synthesis parameters impacts using experimental design
Authors: Pourazar Majid Badini , Mohammadi Toraj , Jafari Nasr Mohamad Reza , Javanbakht Mehran , Bakhtiari Omid 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Plackett—Burman method was used to identify and rank most affective parameters on hydrothermal synthesis and properties of the 13X zeolite powder with gel composition of Al2O3:aSiO2:bNa2O:cH2O. The affective parameters of SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, synthesis mixture alkalinity, synthesis temperature, and water content were selected for further study of their impacts and gel composition optimization using the Taguchi method. The synthesized powders were characterized by XRD and SEM analysis. Synthesis temperature and mixture alkalinity were found as the most affecting parameters on the 13X zeolite synthesis at the best gel composition of Al2O3:5.4SiO2: 13Na2O: 840H2O. Then 13X zeolite membranes were synthesized on the seeded supports using the optimum gel composition and impacts of synthesis temperature and time and coating layer number on their H2 and CO2 permeances and ideal H2/CO2 selectivity were studied. The optimum 13X zeolite membrane for H2/CO2 separation was obtained by three layer coatings at 80 °C for 16 h with H2 permeance of 2.88 cm3 cm−2.Pa.s and ideal H2/CO2 selectivity of 4.72.
Influence of displacement constraints to the surface reconstruction of stressed bicrystal thin films
Authors: Akyildiz Oncu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this work, surface morphology evolution of bicrystal thin films under the combined action of grain boundary and surface diffusion is investigated by considering different mechanical constraints. 2D surface topographies of thin films, that are (a) freestanding, (b) strongly bonded to its substrate and (c) strongly bonded to its substrate and one of sidewalls, are simulated using a numerical implementation of an irreversible thermo-kinetics model. Relationships which give the groove depth as a function of time are obtained. Results show that mechanical loading conditions are effective in determining the morphology and kinetics of grooving. For the three scenarios that had been investigated, it was found that the groove depth evolves linearly with different tip velocities under the same level of uniaxial tension. In freestanding films groove tip evolves faster; i.e. as the film gets constrained from its substrate and/or one of its sidewalls, the tip velocity slows down. It was also observed that high triple junction mobilities at low levels of applied stress hinder the effects of displacement constraints to groove shape, even in the case of asymmetric stress distributions inside the film. On the other hand, low triple junction mobilities at moderate applied stresses allow formation of asymmetric grain boundary grooves due to the induced asymmetry in the driving force for surface diffusion with respect to the grain boundary.
Pneumothorax as a Complication of Liposuction
Authors: Mentz James A , Mentz Henry A , Nemir Stephanie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Pneumothorax is a rare complication of liposuction resulting from injury to the lung parenchyma.

Objectives
This study aimed to determine the incidence of pneumothorax complicating liposuction, describe an archetypal presentation, identify risk factors, and propose options for risk reduction.

Methods
In a retrospective chart review, liposuction procedures performed over a 16-year period by 8 surgeons in 1 practice were screened for pneumothorax. Cases featuring pneumothorax were analyzed to ascertain risk factors, presentation, and pathogenesis.

Results
Among the 16,215 liposuction procedures performed during the study period, 7 pneumothoraxes were identified (0.0432%). Six (85.7%) were female. Three (42.9%) had previous liposuction. Six cases (85.7%) included liposuction of the axillary region. All cases featured depression of intra/postoperative oxygen saturations as the initial sign. Three (42.9%) were identified intraoperatively. All patients were transferred to a hospital for imaging. Five (71.4%) underwent chest tube placement. Two (28.6%) were treated with observation alone. Pneumothoraxes were left-sided in 4 cases (57.1%), and right-sided in 3 cases (42.9%). In early cases, 1.5-mm infiltration cannulas were used; in 2016 cannula size was changed to 3-4 mm for infiltration and 4-5 mm for liposuction.

Conclusions
Possible risk factors for pneumothorax include liposuction of the axilla, use of flexible infiltration cannulas, and scarring from previous liposuction. We recommend including pneumothorax as a potential complication during informed consent, performing infiltration with a stiff &gt;3.5-mm cannula, minimizing positive-pressure ventilation, emphasized awareness of cannula tip location in all patients but particularly in patients with previous liposuction or scar tissue, and increased caution when operating in the axillary area.

Level of Evidence: 4
Minimally Invasive Auricoloplasty With an Anterior Approach: A 15-Year Experience
Authors: Bellinvia Giacomo , Bellinvia Pietro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The otoplasty technique, independently conceived by Kaye and Lewis, is a simple and effective method for correcting prominent ears with an underdeveloped antihelical fold, but it is inappropriate for correcting ears with conchal hypertrophy.

Objectives
To describe an anterior approach to otoplasty that can correct prominent ears, even for those with conchal hypertrophy.

Methods
The 100 most recent otoplasty interventions to correct prominent ears were analyzed retrospectively. Indications, aesthetic results, complications and corrections were evaluated.

Results
The 100 patients who underwent otoplasty included 40 males and 60 females with a mean age of 18 years (range, 8–62 years). Sixty-five patients underwent correction of an underdeveloped antihelical fold, 30 underwent correction of conchal hypertrophy and 5 required resection of a conchal cartilage crescent. Intervention was bilateral in 96 patients and monolateral in 4 patients. Two patients required secondary corrections, including 1 requiring monolateral correction for a trauma after 10 days. No patient experienced hematomas or infections, despite the absence of antibiotic coverage.

Conclusions
This minimally invasive otoplasty technique is a simple, quick, and effective method, even in patients with conchal hypertrophy.

Level of Evidence: 4
Improved detection of RNA foci in C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis post-mortem tissue using BaseScope™ shows a lack of association with cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Mehta Arpan R , Selvaraj Bhuvaneish T , Barton Samantha K , McDade Karina , Abrahams Sharon , Chandran Siddharthan , Smith Colin , Gregory Jenna M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion is the commonest known genetic mutation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A neuropathological hallmark is the intracellular accumulation of RNA foci. The role that RNA foci play in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is widely debated. Historically, C9orf72 RNA foci have been identified using in situ hybridization. Here, we have implemented BaseScope™, a high-resolution modified in situ hybridization technique. We demonstrate that previous studies have underestimated the abundance of RNA foci in neurons and glia. This improved detection allowed us to investigate the abundance, regional distribution and cell type specificity of sense C9orf72 RNA foci in post-mortem brain and spinal cord tissue of six deeply clinically phenotyped C9orf72 patients and six age- and sex-matched controls. We find a correlation between RNA foci and the accumulation of transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa in spinal motor neurons (rs = 0.93; P = 0.008), but not in glia or cortical motor neurons. We also demonstrate that there is no correlation between the presence of RNA foci and the accumulation of transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa in extra-motor brain regions. Furthermore, there is no association between the presence of RNA foci and cognitive indices. These results highlight the utility of BaseScope™ in the clinicopathological assessment of the role of sense RNA foci in C9orf72.
The Impact of Ovariectomy on Olfactory Neuron Regeneration in Mice
Authors: Yamada Kentaro , Shiga Hideaki , Noda Takuya , Harita Masayuki , Ishikura Tomoko , Nakamura Yukari , Hatta Toshihisa , Sakata-Haga Hiromi , Shimada Hiroki , Miwa Takaki 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Estrogen has been shown to affect differentiation and proliferation as a mitogen in various neural systems. Olfactory receptor cells are unique within the nervous system, and have the ability to regenerate even after an individual has reached maturity. Olfactory receptor cells also regenerate after experimentally induced degeneration. The purpose of this study is to observe the influence of estrogen depletion induced by ovariectomy on olfactory nerve regeneration. Female mice underwent bilateral ovariectomy at 8 weeks of age and received intraperitoneal administration of methimazole 1 week later. At 2, 4, and 6 weeks after methimazole administration, the olfactory mucosa was analyzed histochemically to determine olfactory epithelium (OE) thickness, olfactory marker protein distribution, and Ki-67 immunoreactivity. Furthermore, 2 weeks after ovariectomy, trkA protein distribution in the OE and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in the olfactory bulb were determined by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Our results showed that in ovariectomized mice OMP, Ki-67, and trkA-immunopositive cells expression decreased at 2 weeks after methimazole injection, a time point at which regeneration is underway. At this same time point, although NGF production in the olfactory bulb had increased before methimazole administration, no differences were observed between the ovx and control groups. These results suggest that estrogen depletion induces a suppressive effect on regeneration of olfactory neurons, and that estrogen may have a potential use in the treatment of sensorineural olfactory dysfunction.
TELEmedicine for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TELE-IBD) Does Not Improve Depressive Symptoms or General Quality of Life Compared With Standard Care at Tertiary Referral Centers
Authors: Schliep Matthew , Chudy-Onwugaje Kenechukwu , Abutaleb Ameer , Langenberg Patricia , Regueiro Miguel , Schwartz David A , Tracy J Kathleen , Ghazi Leyla , Patil Seema A , Quezada Sandra , Russman Katharine , Horst Sara , Beaulieu Dawn , Quinn Charlene , Jambaulikar Guruprasad , Cross Raymond K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Depression is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and contributes to poor quality of life (QoL). The use of information technology for the remote management of patients with IBD is growing, but little is known about its impact on depressive symptoms (DS) and QoL. We aimed to evaluate the impact of telemedicine on DS and generic QoL in IBD patients.

Methods
We analyzed data from the Telemedicine for Patients with IBD (TELE-IBD) study. During this 12-month clinical trial, patients were randomized to receive text message-based telemedicine weekly (TELE-IBD W), every other week (TELE-IBD EOW), or to standard care. Depressive symptoms and QoL were assessed over time with the Mental Health Inventory 5 (MHI-5) and the Short Form 12 (SF-12), respectively. We compared the change in MHI-5 and SF-12 (with separate physical (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores) between the study arms.

Results
A total of 217 participants were included in this analysis. After 1 year, there was no significant difference in the change in MHI-5 (TELE-IBD W +3.0 vs TELE-IBD EOW +0.7 vs standard care +3.4; P = 0.70), MCS (TELE-IBD W +1.4 vs TELE-IBD EOW +1.0 vs standard care +2.5; P = 0.89), and PCS scores (TELE-IBD W +0.4 vs TELE-IBD EOW +0.6 vs standard care +3.7; P = 0.06) between the groups.

Conclusions
Text message-based telemedicine does not improve DS or QoL when compared with standard care in IBD patients treated at tertiary referral centers. Further studies are needed to determine whether telemedicine improves DS or QoL in settings with few resources.
Prognostic significance of cardiac I-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging in patients with reduced, mid-range, and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction admitted for acute decompensated heart failure: a prospective study in Osaka Prefectural Acute Heart Failure Registry (OPAR)
Authors: Seo Masahiro , Yamada Takahisa , Tamaki Shunsuke , Watanabe Tetsuya , Morita Takashi , Furukawa Yoshio , Kawasaki Masato , Kikuchi Atsushi , Kawai Tsutomu , Abe Makoto , Nakamura Jun , Yamamoto Kyoko , Kayama Kiyomi , Kawahira Masatsugu , Tanabe Kazuya , Kimura Takanari , Ueda Kunpei , Sakamoto Daisuke , Sakata Yasushi , Fukunami Masatake 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsCardiac 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) imaging provides prognostic information in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). However, there is little information available on the prognostic role of cardiac 123I-MIBG imaging in patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), especially relating to reduced ejection fraction [HFrEF; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) &lt; 40%], mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF; 40% ≤ LVEF &lt; 50%) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; LVEF ≥ 50%).Methods and resultsWe studied 349 patients admitted for ADHF and discharged with survival. Cardiac 123I-MIBG imaging, echocardiography, and venous blood sampling were performed just before discharge. The cardiac 123I-MIBG heart-to-mediastinum ratio (late H/M) was measured on the chest anterior view images obtained at 200 min after the isotope injection. The endpoint was cardiac events defined as unplanned HF hospitalization and cardiac death. During a follow-up period of 2.1 ± 1.4 years, 128 patients had cardiac events (45/127 in HFrEF, 28/78 in HFmrEF, and 55/144 in HFpEF). On multivariable Cox analysis, late H/M was significantly associated with cardiac events in overall cohort (P = 0.0038), and in subgroup analysis of each LVEF subgroup (P = 0.0235 in HFrEF, P = 0.0119 in HFmEF and P = 0.0311 in HFpEF). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with low late H/M (defined by median) had significantly greater risk of cardiac events in overall cohort (49% vs. 25% P &lt; 0.0001) and in each LVEF subgroup (HFrEF: 48% vs. 23% P = 0.0061, HFmrEF: 51% vs. 21% P = 0.0068 and HFpEF: 50% vs. 26% P = 0.0026).ConclusionCardiac sympathetic nerve dysfunction was associated with poor outcome in ADHF patients irrespective of HFrEF, HFmrEF, or HFpEF.
A rare finding of giant accessory mitral valve tissue: a case report
Authors: Okafor Joseph , Kanaganayagam Gajen Sunthar , Patel Ketna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Accessory mitral valve tissue (AMVT) is a rare anomaly that can be detected in the first decade. It is associated with other congenital cardiac abnormalities, such as ventricular septal defect. When detected in adulthood, it is usually an incidental finding on echocardiography. Symptomatic individuals can present with breathlessness, syncope, and features of distal tissue embolization. Cardiac surgery is indicated in those with significant left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

Case summary
A 45-year-old man without any significant medical history was referred due to an abnormal electrocardiogram. He was asymptomatic from a cardiac perspective. Echocardiography revealed the presence of a giant mobile mass attached to the anterior mitral valve leaflet and prolapsing into the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). This was classified as Type IIB2 AMVT. As there was no dynamic outflow tract obstruction on subsequent treadmill stress echocardiography, and in the absence of other coexistent congenital abnormality, surgical excision was not performed.

Discussion
It is important to exclude significant obstruction when a large AMVT is seen to be prolapsing into the LVOT. Three-dimensional echocardiography is the tool of choice for anatomical classification and to assess for concomitant congenital cardiac abnormalities.
Aortic dissection during pregnancy and postpartum in patients with Marfan syndrome: a 21-year clinical experience in 30 patients
Authors: Ma Wei-Guo , Zhu Jun-Ming , Chen Yu , Qiao Zhi-Yu , Ge Yi-Peng , Li Cheng-Nan , Zheng Jun , Liu Yong-Min , Sun Li-Zhong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOBJECTIVESPregnancy-related aortic dissection (AoD) in Marfan syndrome is a lethal catastrophe. Due to its rarity and limited clinical experience, there is no consensus regarding the optimal management strategy. We seek to present our 21-year experience in such patients , focusing on management strategies and early and late outcomes.METHODSBetween 1998 and 2019, we managed 30 pregnant women with Marfan syndrome (mean age 30.7 ± 4.3 years) who sustained AoD at a mean of 28.3 ± 8.8 weeks of gestation (GWs). AoD was acute in 21 (70%), type A (TAAD) in 24 (80%) and type B (TBAD) in 6 (20%). Fourteen TAADs (58.3%, 14/24) and 2 TBADs (33.3%, 2/6) occurred in the third trimester or postpartum. The maximal aortic size was &lt; 45 mm in 26.7% (8/30; 3 TAADs, 5 TBADs). Management strategy was based on the types of dissection and GWs (i.e. surgical versus medical treatment, surgery or delivery first).RESULTSTAADs were treated medically in 1 and surgically in 23. The timing of delivery and surgery were caesarean first at 35.4 ± 6.1 GWs in 7 (29.2%), followed by surgery after mean 46 days; single-stage C-section and surgery at 32.0 ± 5.0 GWs in 10 (41.7%); and surgery first at 18.0 ± 5.8 GWs in 6 (25%), followed by C-section after 20 days. Maternal and foetal mortality were 28.6% (2/7) and 14.3% (1/7), 10.0% (1/10) and 20.0% (2/10) and 16.7% (1/6) and 83.3% (5/6), respectively. Five TBADs (83.3%) were managed with C-section followed by surgery in 2 and medical treatment in 3. The respective maternal and foetal mortality were 50% (1/2) and 100% (2/2) and 33.3% (1/3) and 33.3% (1/3), respectively. One TBAD was managed surgically first followed by C-section, resulting in maternal survival and foetal death. Follow-up was complete in 95.8% (23/24) at 3.7 ± 2.9 years. Four late deaths occurred and reoperation was performed in 1 patient. Maternal and foetal survival were 64.3% and 54.1% at 6 years, respectively.CONCLUSIONSManagement of AoD in pregnant women with Marfan syndrome should be based on types of dissection (surgical versus medical) and gestational age (delivery or surgery first), which largely determine maternal and foetal survival. Aortic repair should be considered prior to conception in women with Marfan syndrome even at diameters smaller than recommended by current guidelines.
Nonspecific toxicities of Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus dCas9 in Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Wurihan Wurihan , Huang Yehong , Weber Alec M , Wu Xiang , Fan Huizhou 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Chlamydiae are common, important pathogens for humans and animals alike. Despite recent advancement in genetics, scientists are still searching for efficient tools to knock out or knock down the expression of chromosomal genes. We attempted to adopt a dCas9-based CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) technology to conditionally knock down gene expression in Chlamydia trachomatis using an anhydrotetracycline (ATC)-inducible expression system. Surprisingly, expression of the commonly used Streptococcus pyogenes dCas9 in C. trachomatis causes strong inhibition in the absence of any guide RNA (gRNA). Staphylococcus aureus dCas9 also shows strong toxicity in the presence of only an empty gRNA scaffold. Toxicity of the S. pyogenes dCas9 is readily observed with as little as 0.2 nM ATC. Growth inhibition by S. aureus dCas9 is evident starting at 1.0 nM ATC. In contrast, C. trachomatis growth was not affected by methionine-tRNA ligase overexpression induced with 10 nM ATC. We conclude that S. pyogenes and S. aureus dCas9 proteins in their current forms have limited utility for chlamydial research and suggest strategies to overcome this problem.
Marchenko multiple elimination of a laboratory example
Authors: Zhang Lele , Slob Evert 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARY
The Marchenko multiple elimination (MME) scheme is derived from the coupled Marchenko equations. It is proposed for filtering primary reflections with two-way traveltime from the measured acoustic data. The measured acoustic reflection data are used as its own filter and no model information or adaptive subtraction is required to apply the method. The data obtained after MME are better suited for velocity model construction and artefact-free migration than the measured data. We apply the MME scheme to a measured laboratory data set to evaluate the success of the method. The results suggest that the MME scheme can be the appropriate choice when high-quality pre-processing is performed successfully.