bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Treatment with Ulipristal Acetate before Outpatient Hysteroscopic Myomectomy
Authors: Ferrero Simone , Scala Carolina , Vellone Valerio Gaetano , Paudice Michele , Vitale Salvatore Giovanni , Cianci Antonio , Barra Fabio 
Published: January 2020

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Nowadays, the resection of submucosal myomas is usually performed by hysteroscopy. No previous study has investigated the use of preoperative hormonal therapy before outpatient hysteroscopic myomectomy. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To compare the usefulness of 3-month preoperative treatment with ulipristal acetate (UPA) before outpatient hysteroscopic myomectomy in patients with FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) type 0–1 myomas. <b><i>Study Design:</i></b> This prospective patient preference study included women requiring hysteroscopic resection of single FIGO type 0–1 myoma with the largest diameter &#x3c;2 cm. Patients underwent either preoperative treatment with UPA (5 mg/day) for 3 months or direct surgery. Outpatient myomectomy was performed using the bipolar electrosurgical Versapoint system (Ethicon Gynecare, USA). The primary objective of the study was to compare the rate of complete resections in the 2 study groups. The secondary objective of the study was to compare the operative time and the volume of fluid infused/absorbed. The tertiary objective of the study was to assess the surgical appearance of the myomas in patients treated with UPA. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The study included 38 women treated with UPA and 45 women who underwent direct surgery. UPA treatment significantly decreased the volume of uterine myomas (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). The percentage of complete resection was higher in patients treated with UPA (89.5%) than in those who underwent direct surgery (68.9%; <i>p</i> = 0.046). Preoperative UPA treatment decreased the operative time (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and the volume of fluid infused (<i>p</i> = 0.016), but it did not significantly affect the volume of fluid absorbed (<i>p</i> = 0.874). The texture of the myoma was not significantly affected by UPA treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.142). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Three-month UPA treatment improves the chance of single-step complete outpatient hysteroscopic resection of single FIGO type 0–1 myoma. Future randomized studies with a larger sample size should confirm these preliminary findings.
Higher Incidence of Asymptomatic Cerebral Emboli After Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Found With High-Resolution Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Yu Yaya , Wang Xuecheng , Li Xiaorong , Zhou Xiujuan , Liao Shengen , Yang Wen , Yu Jinbo , Zhang Fengxiang , Ju Weizhu , Chen Hongwu , Yang Gang , Li Mingfang , Gu Kai , Tang Lijun , Xu Yi , Chan Joseph Yat-Sun , Kojodjojo Pipin , Cao Kejiang , Fan Jie , Yang Bing , Chen Minglong 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Asymptomatic cerebral emboli (ACE) are commonly seen on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after atrial fibrillation ablation, but the incidence in previous studies varies widely. No data exists to compare the effects of different diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) settings on detecting ablation-related ACE. This self-control study sought to compare the incidence and characteristics of ablation-related ACE between high-resolution DWI and conventional DWI.

Methods:
A total of 55 consecutive patients referred for atrial fibrillation ablation between December 2017 and September 2018 were enrolled. Patients underwent high-resolution DWI 1 day before ablation and repeated high-resolution DWI and conventional DWI within 48 hours post-ablation. The incidence, number, size, and location of ACE were compared between 2 DWI settings in the same patients.

Results:

The high-resolution DWI revealed a higher incidence of acute ACE compared with conventional DWI (67.3% versus 41.8% of patients,
P
<0.001) and significantly more ACE (106 versus 45 lesions,
P
=0.001). For ACE seen on both scans, the size measured by high-resolution DWI was larger (5.42 versus 4.21 mm,
P
<0.001). No patients had any impaired neurocognitive performance during follow-up. Impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (
P
=0.012) and low intraoperative activated clotting time (
P
=0.009) level were associated with the occurrence of ACE in a multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:
High-resolution DWI revealed a higher incidence and greater details of post-ablation ACE in patients with atrial fibrillation. MRI settings significantly impact the detection of ACE and should be considered when comparing incidence rates of ACE among different studies.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01761188.
Incidence, Temporal Trends, and Associated Outcomes of Vascular and Bleeding Complications in Patients Undergoing Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Sherwood Matthew W. , Xiang Katelyn , Matsouaka Roland , Li Zhuokai , Vemulapalli Sreekanth , Vora Amit N. , Fanaroff Alexander , Harrison J. Kevin , Thourani Vinod H. , Holmes David , Kirtane Ajay , Pineda Andres M. , Peterson Eric D. , Rao Sunil V. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Vascular and bleeding complications were commonly reported in transcatheter aortic valve replacement clinical trials. Little is known about complication rates in contemporary US clinical practice or clinical outcomes associated with these complications.

Methods:

In the Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry, we evaluated patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement from November 1, 2011 to June 30, 2016. The primary outcomes were in-hospital vascular complications and bleeding events. Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality, stroke, and rehospitalization at 1 year.
P
values for trends were calculated for rates over time, and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between vascular/bleeding complications and in-hospital clinical outcomes.

Results:

Overall, 34 893 patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement at 445 hospitals were analyzed. Of these, 9.3% (n=3257) experienced a vascular complication while 7.6% (n=2651) had an in-hospital bleeding event. Rates of both vascular complications and bleeding events decreased over time (
P
value for trend test <0.0001); however, there was significant variation in rates across hospital sites (adjusted median rate, 11.4%; IQR, 8.9–14.5). Vascular complications were independently associated with 30-day death (adjusted HR, 2.23 [95% CI, 1.80–2.77]) and death (adjusted HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.05–1.30]) and rehospitalization (adjusted HR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.07–1.22]) at 1 year. Bleeding events were also associated with 30-day death (adjusted HR, 3.71 [95% CI, 2.94–4.69]), and with death (adjusted HR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.23–1.56]) and hospital readmission (adjusted HR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.11–1.27]) at 1 year.

Conclusions:
In patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement in the US, vascular complications and in-hospital bleeding events were common, but rates have declined over time with significant variation in complication rates across hospital sites. Vascular and bleeding complications are both associated with worse short- and long-term clinical outcomes including all-cause mortality. Further innovation to reduce sheath sizes and optimize antithrombotic therapy is necessary to reduce the incidence of these detrimental complications.
A taxonomic revision of Paracanthon Balthasar, 1938 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)
Authors: Pacheco Thaynara L. , Vaz-de-Mello Fernando Z. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Paracanthon
Balthasar 1938 includes four nominal species of dung beetles occurring in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern, southeastern and southern Brazil, and Misiones, Argentina. Here we describe twelve new species of Paracanthon: P. arnaudi
sp. n., P. belloi
sp. n., P felipei
sp. n., P genieri
sp. n., P. grossiorum
sp. n., P. laevinotus
sp. n., P. lopesandradei
sp. n., P. marinezae
sp. n., P. millerorum
sp. n., P.monteiroorum
sp. n., P. muriloi
sp. n., P. ocellatopunctatus
sp. n. We propose P. pereirai d’Andretta & Martínez 1957 as a new junior subjective synonym of P. rosinae
Balthasar 1942. In addition, we present new data on the morphology of the hindwings and male genitalia, and an identification key to the species of the genus. Paracanthon is restricted to the Atlantic domain, and we briefly discuss the possible processes that might have led to the diversification of the putative lineages recognized here.
Indian Network Project on Carbonaceous Aerosol Emissions, Source Apportionment and Climate Impacts (COALESCE)
Authors: Venkataraman C. , Bhushan M. , Dey S. , Ganguly D. , Gupta T. , Habib G. , Kesarkar A. , Phuleria H. , Raman R. Sunder 
Published: January 2020

AbstractClimate change and air pollution have important societal consequences, especially in emerging economies, wherein transitions from polluting technologies to cleaner alternatives coincide with high population vulnerability to environmental threats. India is home to a fifth of the world’s population and a gamut of human activities, employing a far ranging spectrum of technologies and fuels, with consequent emissions. Atmospheric fine particles or aerosols in the region predominate in carbonaceous constituents and dust. Multi-institutional studies in the region have earlier focused on natural and anthropogenic climate forcing by aerosols and feedbacks on regional and global climate. Important gaps remain in understanding human activities influencing emissions, emission aerosol properties, and regional atmospheric processes, specifically those related to carbonaceous aerosol impacts on climate and air quality. With an aim to address these gaps, the COALESCE (Carbonaceous Aerosol Emissions, Source Apportionment and Climate Impacts) project was launched on 7 July 2017. The project adopts integration of scientific methods developed by both the climate and air quality research communities. New fundamental knowledge from the project and strong links to India’s policy framework would enable climate and clean-air action in the region. The article describes the scientific rationale, objectives, and planned activities under COALESCE to explore engagement with the international climate and air quality research communities and to enable eventual dissemination of research findings, knowledge products, and decision-support tools.
Impacts of Anthropogenic Heat Flux and Urban Land-Use Change on Frontal Rainfall near Coastal Regions: A Case Study of a Rainstorm over the Pearl River Delta, South China
Authors: Wen Junpeng , Chen Ji , Lin Wenshi , Jiang Baolin , Xu Suishan , Lan Jing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study investigated heavy frontal rainfall that occurred on 13–14 October 2011 over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in China. The frontal rainstorm was simulated using the WRF-ARW Model (version 3.3), which included its urban canopy model. Although the model-simulated convection occurred 2 h early and the second precipitation peak was underestimated, the model represented the formation, development, and extinction of the frontal rainfall and captured the distribution of the peak value. In addition, the averaged value of 49.7 W m−2was taken as the anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) of the PRD, and two land-use datasets were adopted: one for 1992 and the other for 2011. The simulation revealed that AHF and urban land-use change (ULUC) increased the total rainfall over the PRD by 6.3% and 7.4% and increased the maximum hourly rainfall intensity by 24.6% and 21.2%, respectively. Furthermore, to elucidate the mechanism of AHF and ULUC influence, the rainstorm structure, low-level jet (LLJ), and CAPE of the rainfall event were analyzed. It was found that AHF and ULUC enhanced two strong southward LLJs located over the urban areas, which carried abundant water vapor to the PRD and generated additional upper-level CAPE. This not only sustained steady ascent of the air, but it also created conditions favorable for downward motion, resulting in large persistent convective clouds and heavy frontal rainfall.
The Time-Scale-Dependent Response of the Wintertime North Atlantic to Increased Ocean Model Resolution in a Coupled Forecast Model
Authors: Roberts C. D. , Vitart F. , Balmaseda M. A. , Molteni F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study uses initialized forecasts and climate integrations to evaluate the wintertime North Atlantic response to an increase of ocean model resolution from ~100 km [low-resolution ocean (LRO)] to ~25 km [high-resolution ocean (HRO)] in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Integrated Forecasting System (ECMWF-IFS). Importantly, the simulated impacts are time-scale dependent such that impacts in subseasonal and seasonal forecasts cannot be extrapolated to climate time scales. In general, mean biases are reduced in HRO relative to LRO configurations and the impact is increased at longer lead times. At subseasonal to seasonal lead times, surface heating anomalies over the Gulf Stream are associated with local increases to the poleward heat flux associated with transient atmospheric eddies. In contrast, surface heating anomalies in climate experiments are balanced by changes to the time-mean surface winds that resemble the steady response under linear dynamics. Some aspects of air–sea interaction exhibit a clear improvement with increased resolution at all lead times. However, it is difficult to identify the impact of increased ocean eddy activity in the variability of the overlying atmosphere. In particular, atmospheric blocking and the intensity of the storm track respond more strongly to mean biases and thus have a larger response at longer lead times. Finally, increased ocean resolution drives improvements to subseasonal predictability over Europe. This increase in skill seems to be a result of improvements to the Madden–Julian oscillation and its associated teleconnections rather than changes to air–sea interaction in the North Atlantic region.
Connections between Spring Arctic Ozone and the Summer Circulation and Sea Surface Temperatures over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Wang Tao , Tian Wenshou , Zhang Jiankai , Xie Fei , Zhang Ruhua , Huang Jinlong , Hu Dingzhu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUsing various observations, reanalysis datasets, and a general circulation model (CESM-WACCM4), the relationship between the Arctic total column ozone (TCO) and the tropospheric circulation and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over the western North Pacific (30°–45°N, 130°E–170°W) was investigated. We find that anomalies in the circulation and SSTs over the western North Pacific in June are closely related to anomalies in the Arctic TCO in March; that is, when the Arctic TCO in March decreases, the anomalous tropospheric cyclone and negative SST anomalies (SSTAs) will occur over the western North Pacific in June. Further analysis indicates that the decreased Arctic TCO in March tends to result in positive Victoria mode (VM)-like SSTAs over the North Pacific in April, which persist and develop an anomalous cyclone over the eastern North Pacific in May via atmosphere–ocean coupling. This anomalous cyclone over the eastern North Pacific subsequently induces an anomalous cyclone over the western North Pacific in June via westward-propagating Rossby waves in the lower troposphere. Furthermore, the negative SSTAs over the western North Pacific are enhanced by the anomalous northerly wind related to the anomalous cyclone in June. The effects of increased Arctic TCO in March on the tropospheric circulation and SSTs are almost opposite to those of decreased Arctic TCO. These results are also supported by our numerical simulations. Moreover, 10%–20% of the anomalies in the tropospheric circulation and SSTs over the western North Pacific in June are affected by the anomalies in the Arctic TCO in March.
Reexamining the Mechanisms of East Asian Summer Monsoon Changes in Response to Non–East Asian Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing
Authors: Wang Zhili , Mu Junyu , Yang Meilin , Yu Xiaochao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study examines the mechanisms by which the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) changes in response to non–East Asian (NEA) anthropogenic aerosol forcing by distinguishing the fast direct atmospheric response and slow ocean-mediated response to forcing using a global aerosol–climate coupled model. The results show that NEA aerosol forcing significantly exacerbates the weakening of the EASM due to local aerosol forcing. The fast response is dominant in the weakening of the EASM and an anomalous precipitation pattern over eastern China resembling the “southern flood and northern drought” pattern in the total response to NEA aerosol forcing. Changes in upper-tropospheric temperature caused by the fast response play a major role in the impact of NEA aerosol forcing on the EASM. Anomalous cooling occurs during summer in the upper troposphere (at ~40°N) over East Asia caused by the fast response. This is due to the combined effects of strong eastward cold advection in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes caused by increased aerosol loading in Europe and the resulting change in local meridional heat transport in East Asia. Subsequently, the zonal wind speed changes on either side of the anomalous cooling, and the East Asian subtropical jet shifts equatorward, thereby weakening the EASM. The changes in atmospheric temperature and the local Hadley cell caused by the slow response to NEA aerosol forcing are conducive to strengthening the southwesterly winds over eastern China. Our study suggests the importance of NEA aerosol forcing in driving changes in the EASM on a fast time scale.
Shipborne MAX-DOAS Observations of Tropospheric Trace Gases over a Coastal City and the Yellow Sea near Qingdao, China
Authors: Li Xianxin , Wang Zhangjun , Du Libin , Liu Xingtao , Wang Xiufen , Chen Chao , Meng Xiangqian , Li Hui , Zhuang Quanfeng , Deng Wei , Pan Xin , Chu Xinzhao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObservations of the atmospheric trace gases are crucial for quality assessment of the human living environment. Multiaxis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) is the most promising candidate to meet the requirements on observations of atmospheric trace gases with high sensitivity, good stability, and a wide range of regional monitoring. The shipborne observations of tropospheric trace gases (NO2, SO2, and O3) over a coastal city, Qingdao, with MAX-DOAS were conducted by a Chinese oceanographic research vessel, XiangYangHong 08 (XYH 08). During the observational campaign, the shipborne MAX-DOAS equipment was used to make anchor measurements for 3 days, and a sailing measurement along Qingdao coast for half an hour. Measurement results are presented for both sailing and anchor point measurements in this paper. Combining geometry characteristic of the monitoring area, it can be concluded from the sailing measurements that the traffic emissions may play an important role in the boundary layer (BL) pollution of a coastal city’s atmosphere. The anchor point measurements showed that the NO2 vertical column density (VCD) mean value of Jiaozhou Bay is about 2.7 times of the value of the Qingdao offshore sea area. Likewise, the tropospheric VCDs of SO2 and O3 have an increase of 30% and 40%, respectively, on 1 September in Jiaozhou Bay, compared to the other 2 days in Qingdao offshore sea area.
Smoothing and Interpolating Noisy GPS Data with Smoothing Splines
Authors: Early Jeffrey J. , Sykulski Adam M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA comprehensive method is provided for smoothing noisy, irregularly sampled data with non-Gaussian noise using smoothing splines. We demonstrate how the spline order and tension parameter can be chosen a priori from physical reasoning. We also show how to allow for non-Gaussian noise and outliers that are typical in global positioning system (GPS) signals. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods on GPS trajectory data obtained from oceanographic floating instruments known as drifters.
Comparison of Lightning Forecasts from the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh Model to Geostationary Lightning Mapper Observations
Authors: Blaylock Brian K. , Horel John D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The ability of the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model to forecast the location of convective storms is of interest for a variety of applications. Since lightning is often present with intense convection, lightning observations from the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) on GOES-East are used to evaluate the performance of the HRRR lightning forecasts from May through September during 2018 and 2019. Model skill is presented in terms of the fractions skill score (FSS) evaluated within circular neighborhoods with radial distances from 30 to 240 km. Case studies of individual events illustrate that the HRRR lightning forecasts FSS varies from storm to storm. Mean FSS is summarized for the months with peak lightning activity (June–August) for the west, central, and east United States. Our results suggest that forecasters should use HRRR lightning forecasts to indicate general tendencies for the occurrence, region, and timing of thunderstorms in a broad region rather than expect high forecast accuracy for lightning locally. For example, when FSS is evaluated within small neighborhoods (30-km radius), mean FSS drops sharply after the first two hours of model integration in all regions and during all hours of the day. However, when evaluated within larger neighborhoods (60-km radius and larger), FSS in the western United States and northern Mexico remains high for all lead times in the late afternoon and early evening. This result is likely due to the model capturing the tendency for convection to break out over higher terrain during those hours.
Health and wellbeing in design studio briefs – Architecture and engineering graduating students’ motivations and approaches
Authors: Oliveira Sonja , Griffin Emma , Cash Dan , Marco Elena 
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon architecture and environmental engineering students’ approaches to health and wellbeing issues in design studio project briefs. The design studio project is a key aspect of the students’ fourth year programme in a dual accredited (RIBA/ARB and CIBSE) BEng course in the SW of England. Whilst the overarching site and brief are set by the studio leader, each student develops their own project agenda drawing on extensive urban and site analysis as well as precedent research. Particular detailed aspects of the brief are then further analysed and researched as part of an engineering report study. The research draws on first author’s earlier work on effects of non-prescriptive briefs on transdisciplinary studio working in architecture and engineering programmes. Drawing on visual ethnography methods, the preliminary observations drawn out of the study begin to consider key intrinsic/extrinsic motivations and assumptions students draw on to develop a health and wellbeing agenda in their projects and the way these motivations further inform analysis in the engineering reports. The implications of the research are twofold. First, the preliminary analysis enables new insights into assumptions graduating architecture and engineering students draw on to develop a health and wellbeing motivated agenda. Second the study has benefits for design studio education brief setting approaches in particular, increasingly drawn upon in engineering and multidisciplinary built environment pedagogy. Practical application: This paper enables new initial insights into ways designers (architects and building services engineers) approach health and wellbeing issues at early stages of design, drawing on a higher education empirical setting. It is particularly relevant to professionals as well as educators in the built environment.