bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving binary classification using filtering based on k-NN proximity graphs
Authors: Ala’raj Maher , Majdalawieh Munir , Abbod Maysam F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOne of the ways of increasing recognition ability in classification problem is removing outlier entries as well as redundant and unnecessary features from training set. Filtering and feature selection can have large impact on classifier accuracy and area under the curve (AUC), as noisy data can confuse classifier and lead it to catch wrong patterns in training data. The common approach in data filtering is using proximity graphs. However, the problem of the optimal filtering parameters selection is still insufficiently researched. In this paper filtering procedure based on k-nearest neighbours proximity graph was used. Filtering parameters selection was adopted as the solution of outlier minimization problem: k-NN proximity graph, power of distance and threshold parameters are selected in order to minimize outlier percentage in training data. Then performance of six commonly used classifiers (Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes, Neural Network, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine and Decision Tree) and one heterogeneous classifiers combiner (DES-LA) are compared with and without filtering. Dynamic ensemble selection (DES) systems work by estimating the level of competence of each classifier from a pool of classifiers. Only the most competent ones are selected to classify a given test sample. This is achieved by defining a criterion to measure the level of competence of base classifiers, such as, its accuracy in local regions of the feature space around the query instance. In our case the combiner is based on the local accuracy of single classifiers and its output is a linear combination of single classifiers ranking. As results of filtering, accuracy of DES-LA combiner shows big increase for low-accuracy datasets. But filtering doesn’t have sufficient impact on DES-LA performance while working with high-accuracy datasets. The results are discussed, and classifiers, which performance was highly affected by pre-processing filtering step, are defined. The main contribution of the paper is introducing modifications to the DES-LA combiner, as well as comparative analysis of filtering impact on the classifiers of various type. Testing the filtering algorithm on real case dataset (Taiwan default credit card dataset) confirmed the efficiency of automatic filtering approach.
A study on clinical effectiveness of cosmetics containing human stem cell conditioned media
Authors: Kim Hyun Jung , Jung Min Sook , Hur Yu Kyung , Jung A Hyun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
With the steadily increasing trend of functional cosmetics consumption, the public is increasingly expecting the efficacy of cosmetics, and in order to meet these consumer needs, the development of various effective raw materials, as well as products through technical convergence research, has been activating focusing on dermatology. In the Republic of Korea, much attention was paid to cosmetic raw materials using human stem cells as a new growth engine at the end of the 2000s. Accordingly, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety implemented the Regulations on Cosmetic Safety Standards, etc., which contains the safety standards of human-derived cell and tissue culture as raw materials for cosmetics.

Methods
Twice a day, morning and evening, for 28 days, 3 mL of the sample provided for each subject was applied onto the entire face using an airbrush. The subjects were divided into a control group (C), an experimental group 1 (ADSC-CM 5% group, E1) and an experimental group 2 (polymersome-containing of ADSC-CM 5% group, E2), and there were 20 subjects in each group.

Results
Moisture content on the U-zone, melanin and erythema of lid-cheek, overall size and depth of eye wrinkles, and skin roughness of the items showed significant differences among all three groups. More specifically, E1 had a higher rate of skin improvement than C, and E2 had the highest skin improvement rate in all items: skin moisture content, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin and erythema of lid-cheek, eye wrinkles, and skin roughness of lid-cheek.

Conclusions
The effectiveness of ADSC-CM was verified in all items: increases in moisture content, decrease in TEWL, and improvements of whitening and wrinkles. Moreover, the effectiveness of ADSC-CM was observed as higher in samples of polymersome-containing ADSC-CM than those of raw material ADSC-CM. Furthermore, percutaneous absorption was improved compared with previous studies on formulations in relation to polymersome at the same concentration of ADSC-CM, thereby resulting in higher effectiveness.

Trial registration
Korea National Institute for Bioethics Policy, P01–201809–13-001, Registered 06 September 2018, http://public.irb.or.kr/.
Predicting individuals’ vulnerability to social engineering in social networks
Authors: Albladi Samar Muslah , Weir George R. S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe popularity of social networking sites has attracted billions of users to engage and share their information on these networks. The vast amount of circulating data and information expose these networks to several security risks. Social engineering is one of the most common types of threat that may face social network users. Training and increasing users’ awareness of such threats is essential for maintaining continuous and safe use of social networking services. Identifying the most vulnerable users in order to target them for these training programs is desirable for increasing the effectiveness of such programs. Few studies have investigated the effect of individuals’ characteristics on predicting their vulnerability to social engineering in the context of social networks. To address this gap, the present study developed a novel model to predict user vulnerability based on several perspectives of user characteristics. The proposed model includes interactions between different social network-oriented factors such as level of involvement in the network, motivation to use the network, and competence in dealing with threats on the network. The results of this research indicate that most of the considered user characteristics are factors that influence user vulnerability either directly or indirectly. Furthermore, the present study provides evidence that individuals’ characteristics can identify vulnerable users so that these risks can be considered when designing training and awareness programs.
Spectral Tau method for solving general fractional order differential equations with linear functional argument
Authors: Raslan Kamal R. , Abd El salam Mohamed A. , Ali Khalid K. , Mohamed Emad M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a numerical technique for solving new generalized fractional order differential equations with linear functional argument is presented. The spectral Tau method is extended to study this problem, where the derivatives are defined in the Caputo fractional sense. The proposed equation with its functional argument represents a general form of delay and advanced differential equations with fractional order derivatives. The obtained results show that the proposed method is very effective and convenient.
Using the artificial neural networks for prediction and validating solar radiation
Authors: Mohamed Zahraa E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to employ the artificial neural network (ANN) models for validating and predicting global solar radiation (GSR) on a horizontal surface of three Egyptian cities. The feedforward backpropagation ANNs are utilized based on two algorithms which are the basic backpropagation (Bp) and the Bp with momentum and learning rate coefficients respectively. The statistical indicators are used to investigate the performance of ANN models. According to these indicators, the results of the second algorithm are better than the other. Also, model (6) in this method has the lowest RMSE values for all cities in this study. The study indicated that the second method is the most suitable for predicting GSR on a horizontal surface of all cities in this work. Moreover, ANN-based model is an efficient method which has higher precision.
On the perturbation analysis of the maximal solution for the matrix equation $$ X-\overset{m}{\sum \limits_{i=1}}{A}_i^{\ast}\kern0.1em {X}^{-1}\kern0.1em {A}_i+\sum \limits_{j=1}^n{B}_j^{\ast}\kern0.1em {X}^{-1}\kern0.1em {B}_j=I $$
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed A. , El–Shazly Naglaa M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the perturbation estimate of the maximal solution for the matrix equation $$ X-\overset{m}{\sum \limits_{i=1}}{A}_i^{\ast}\kern0.1em {X}^{-1}\kern0.1em {A}_i+\sum \limits_{j=1}^n{B}_j^{\ast}\kern0.1em {X}^{-1}\kern0.1em {B}_j=I $$X−∑i=1mAi∗X−1Ai+∑j=1nBj∗X−1Bj=I using the differentiation of matrices. We derive the differential bound for this maximal solution. Moreover, we present a perturbation estimate and an error bound for this maximal solution. Finally, a numerical example is given to clarify the reliability of our obtained results.
MHD slip flow of upper-convected Maxwell nanofluid over a stretching sheet with chemical reaction
Authors: Ibrahim Wubshet , Negera Mekonnen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present study scrutinizes slip effects and stagnation point flows of upper-convected Maxwell fluid past a stretching sheet. The non-linear ordinary differential equations are obtained from the governing partial differential equations and solved using implicit finite difference method. The impacts of non-dimensional governing parameters such as Brownian motion parameter, velocity ratio, velocity slip parameter, suction/injection parameter, Lewis numbers, upper-convected Maxwell parameter, magnetic field, thermophoresis parameter, chemical reactions parameter, thermal slip parameter, solutal slip parameter, and heat source parameter on the velocity field, heat and mass transfer characteristics are discussed and presented through graphs. The values of local Sherwood number, local Nusselt number, and skin friction coefficient are discussed and presented through tables. The results indicate that when the magnetic field is intensified, it reduces velocity profiles and raises temperature and concentration profiles. Moreover, with an upsurge in velocity slip parameter, the local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number diminish.
Self adaptive spectral conjugate gradient method for solving nonlinear monotone equations
Authors: Koorapetse M. , Kaelo P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a self adaptive spectral conjugate gradient-based projection method for systems of nonlinear monotone equations. Based on its modest memory requirement and its efficiency, the method is suitable for solving large-scale equations. We show that the method satisfies the descent condition$F_{k}^{T}d_{k}\leq -c\|F_{k}\|^{2}, c>0$FkTdk≤−c∥Fk∥2,c>0, and also prove its global convergence. The method is compared to other existing methods on a set of benchmark test problems and results show that the method is very efficient and therefore promising.
Bivariate general exponential models with stress-strength reliability application
Authors: khames S. K. , Mokhlis N. A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce two families of general bivariate distributions. We refer to these families as general bivariate exponential family and general bivariate inverse exponential family. Many bivariate distributions in the literature are members of the proposed families. Some properties of the proposed families are discussed, as well as a characterization associated with the stress-strength reliability parameter, R, is presented. Concerning R, the maximum likelihood estimators and a simple estimator with an explicit form depending on some marginal distributions are obtained in case of complete sampling. When the stress is censored at the strength, an explicit estimator of R is also obtained. The results obtained can be applied to a variety of bivariate distributions in the literature. A numerical illustration is applied on some well-known distributions. Finally a real data example is presented to fit one of the proposed models.
A new method for underwater dynamic gravimetry based on multisensor integrated navigation
Authors: Xiong Zhiming , Cao Juliang , Liao Kaixun , Wu Meiping , Cai Shaokun , Yu Ruihang , Wang Minghao 
Published: March 2020

Underwater gravity information plays a major role in deepwater oil and gas exploration. To realize underwater dynamic gravimetry, we have developed a strapdown gravimeter mounted in a pressure capsule for adaption to the underwater environment and we adopted a two-stage towed underwater gravimetry scheme. An improved strapdown gravimeter and other underwater sensors were installed in a towed vessel to form an underwater dynamic gravimetry system. Because the global navigation satellite system cannot be used for underwater dynamic gravimetry, we developed a new method based on underwater multisensor integrated navigation, in which a federal Kalman filter was applied for error estimation. This new method allowed us to obtain the accurate attitude, velocity, and position necessary for gravity estimation. In addition, the gravity data can then be extracted from the noisy data through finite impulse response low-pass filtering. We acquired the underwater gravity data at a depth of 300 m to test the validity of the new method and evaluate the accuracy of the underwater gravity system. The results indicated a repeatability from 0.85 to 0.96 mGal at a half wavelength of approximately 0.2 km and also indicated good consistency with the marine gravity data.
Relationship of Anabolic Hormones With Motor Unit Characteristics in Quadriceps Muscle in Healthy and Frail Aging Men
Authors: Swiecicka Agnieszka , Piasecki Mathew , Stashuk Daniel , Jones David , Wu Frederick , McPhee Jamie S , Rutter Martin K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Context
Anabolic hormones are important factors in maintaining muscle mass for aging men, but their role in overall motor unit structure and function is unclear.

Objective
The objective of this work is to determine associations of anabolic and reproductive hormone levels with motor unit characteristics in quadriceps muscle in older healthy and frail men.

Design
This work is an observational cohort study of community-dwelling men.

Participants
Participants included healthy and frail men younger than 65 years.

Intervention
No intervention was performed.

Outcome measure
Quantitative assessments of electromyography-derived motor unit potential size (MUP) and compound muscle action potential size (CMAP) of the vastus lateralis muscle.

Results
We studied 98 men (mean ± SD: age 73 ± 6 years; body mass index [BMI] 25.7 ± 4.0 kg/m2; diabetes 11%) of whom 45% were prefrail and 18% frail. After adjusting for age, BMI, and prevalent diabetes, higher total and free testosterone levels were significantly related to larger CMAP (total testosterone: β [95% CI]: 0.3 [0.08-0.53]; free testosterone: 0.34 [0.13-0.56]). Exploratory analysis showed the relationship between free testosterone and CMAP was stronger in frail rather than robust men. In univariate analyses, estradiol was associated with CMAP size (0.37 [0.16-0.57]); and vitamin D was associated with MUP size (0.22 [0.01-0.43]) but these relationships were no longer significant after adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusion
Our data highlight the associations between androgen levels and the electrophysiological characteristics of older men, particularly in the frail. Clinical trials involving administration of androgens will help to elucidate the potential benefits of intervention on neuromuscular function and/or frailty status.
The Role of Podocytes and Podocyte-Associated Biomarkers in Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kravets Igor , Mallipattu Sandeep K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an important public health problem. Podocyte injury is a central event in the mechanism of DKD development. Podocytes are terminally differentiated, highly specialized glomerular visceral epithelial cells critical for the maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier. Although potential mechanisms by which diabetic milieu contributes to irreversible loss of podocytes have been described, identification of markers that prognosticate either the development of DKD or the progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) have only recently made it to the forefront. Currently, the most common marker of early DKD is microalbuminuria; however, this marker has significant limitations: not all diabetic patients with microalbuminuria will progress to ESKD and as many as 30% of patients with DKD have normal urine albumin levels. Several novel biomarkers indicating glomerular or tubular damage precede microalbuminuria, suggesting that the latter develops when significant kidney injury has already occurred. Because podocyte injury plays a key role in DKD pathogenesis, identification of markers of early podocyte injury or loss may play an important role in the early diagnosis of DKD. Such biomarkers in the urine include podocyte-released microparticles as well as expression of podocyte-specific markers. Here, we review the mechanisms by which podocyte injury contributes to DKD as well as key markers that have been recently implicated in the development and/or progression of DKD and might serve to identify individuals that require earlier preventative care and treatment in order to slow the progression to ESKD.
Rationale and design of a complex intervention measuring the impact and processes of social accountability applied to contraceptive programming: CaPSAI Project
Authors: Steyn Petrus S , Boydell Victoria , Cordero Joanna Paula , McMullen Heather , Habib Ndema , Nguyen Thi My Huong , Nai Dela , Shamba Donat , Kiarie James ,   CaPSAI Project
Published: March 2020

Background: There are numerous barriers leading to a high unmet need for family planning and contraceptives (FP/C). These include limited knowledge and information, poor access to quality services, structural inefficiencies in service provision and inadequately trained and supervised health professionals. Recently, social accountability programs have shown promising results in addressing barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health services. As a highly complex participatory process with multiple and interrelated components, steps and actors, studying social accountability poses methodological challenges. The Community and Provider driven Social Accountability Intervention (CaPSAI) Project study protocol was developed to measure the impact of a social accountability process on contraceptive uptake and use and to understand the mechanisms and contextual factors that influence and generate these effects (with emphasis on health services actors and community members). Methods: CaPSAI Project is implementing a social accountability intervention where service users and providers assess the quality of local FP/C services and jointly identify ways to improve the delivery and quality of such services. In the project, a quasi-experimental study utilizing an interrupted time series design with a control group is conducted in eight intervention and eight control facilities in each study country, which are Ghana and Tanzania. A cross-sectional survey of service users and health care providers is used to measure social accountability outcomes, and a cohort of women who are new users of FP/C is followed up after the completion of the intervention to measure contraceptive use and continuation. The process evaluation utilizes a range of methods and data sources to enable a fuller description of how the findings were produced. Conclusion: This complex study design could provide researchers and implementers with the means to better measure and understand the mechanisms and contextual factors that influence social accountability processes in reproductive health, adding important findings to the evidence base.
Patterns of neurobehavioral functioning in school-aged survivors of neonatal jaundice and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in Kilifi, Kenya: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Magai Dorcas N. , Newton Charles R , Mwangi Paul , Koot Hans M. , Abubakar Amina 
Published: March 2020

Background: Studies in high-income countries have reported that school-aged children who survive neonatal jaundice (NNJ) and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) develop long-term neurocognitive problems. However, less is known about the patterns of functioning in school-aged survivors of NNJ and HIE in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examined patterns of functioning in school-aged children who survived NNJ and HIE in Kilifi, Kenya. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included 107 survivors of NNJ/HIE (64 with NNJ, 43 with HIE), aged 6-12 years, admitted to Kilifi County Hospital on the Kenyan Coast. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Adapted Communication Profile, Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) and an epilepsy screening tool were used to assess gross motor function, communication function, intellectual functioning, and epilepsy, respectively. Results: Most of the survivors of NNJ (95.2%) and HIE (95.3%) had no impairments in gross motor functioning. A small percentage of the children in the NNJ and HIE groups had profound problems in their communication (4.7% and 4.7%); expressive communication function (4.7% and 4.7%); social functions (3.1% and 2.3%); receptive communication (4.7% and 2.3%); and communicative effectiveness (4.7% and 2.3%). Cognitive impairment was reported in 10.9% and 11.9% for NNJ and HIE survivors, respectively. Active epilepsy was detected in 1.6% of survivors of NNJ and 2.3% of survivors of HIE. All children had normal hearing and visual functioning except one participant who presented with mild visual acuity problems. Conclusions: Most school-aged children who survive with NNJ and HIE have normal motor and communication function; however, one in ten are likely to present with lowered intellectual functioning compared to the normative sample.
Tick-borne diseases: an update for general practice
Authors: Graham Sharon 
Published: March 2020

Practice nurses offering pre-travel consultations should be aware of tick-borne diseases. Sharon Graham outlines how to help prevent these diseases in travellers Ticks are the vectors for a number of bacterial and viral infections that can affect humans. This article will outline the general transmission, risk and prevention of tick-borne diseases. Many of these diseases are associated with travel outside of the UK. Where a vaccine for a disease is available in the UK, information will be provided, but not all tick-borne disease is vaccine preventable and people should be aware of personal protection and bite avoidance measures.
Pneumococcal disease and vaccination: recent changes to the schedule
Authors: Sisson Helen 
Published: March 2020

Vaccination against pneumococcal disease has led to a significant drop in cases in the UK. Helen Sisson provides an overview of recent changes to the vaccination schedule Vaccination to protect against infectious diseases is a fundamental part of the practice nurse's role. The immunisation schedule in the UK frequently changes and this emphasises the need for nurses to remain familiar with what the changes are, and why they have occurred. The most recent change to the pneumococcal vaccination schedule at the start of this year provides an opportunity to reflect on the significance of infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae, which can cause non-invasive or invasive disease. The introduction of routine vaccination against pneumococcal disease for children has led to a significant drop in invasive disease in the population as a whole.