bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and performance of the Italian alpine “core”: a counterfactual analysis
Authors: Bramanti Alberto , Ricci Sofia 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The competitiveness of the Alpine regions is strongly influenced by environmental constraints and its relationship with the urban network in the valley floor, which cannot be one of pure dependence. This study aims to analyse the health of the Italian Alpine economy through the performance of its capital companies, defined as those operating in the strictly mountainous are-as within the territories covered by the Alpine Convention. The authors compare the performance (2012-2018) of the “inner core” firms with a counterfactual sample of companies from neighbouring territories to delineate the strengths and weaknesses of the Alpine enterprises. The paper addresses policymakers and practitioners who will design the future policies for the high lands, exploiting a vast collaborative planning network.

Design/methodology/approach
The study analyses two broad strands of literature on territorial competitiveness. It uses the coarsened exact matching techniques for the selection of a counterfactual sample at the enterprise level. The study follows a policy-oriented design, offering answers to future challenges.

Findings
The Alpine region has several different local production systems, with a significant level of heterogeneity among firms that differentiate the top 25% from the rest. The counterfactual analysis carried out does not provide clear evidence of significant differences. Instead, it con-firms strong similarities between the Alpine core and the peri-Alpine belt. It is only in terms of employment growth that the core grows less (with a high statistical significance). Finally, the authors introduce the analysis of sustainable value added (SVA) in the core area and use the “tourism chain” to compare different models. The focus here is on two keywords – rarefied and uncontaminated – that enable the transformation of some typical weaknesses of the “minor (or marginal) mountain” into assets for development, provided that place-based and network policies are activated.

Research limitations/implications
The study focusses on the Italian Alps and could be extended in the future to the other countries participating in the Alpine Convention. It may also be enriched by qualitative analyses of partnerships and sole proprietorships that are not identified by the balance sheet analysis.

Practical implications
The study follows a policy-oriented design, offering possible solutions to future challenges.

Social implications
The study offers some suggestions on the post-COVID-19 phase. The bottom-up, reluctant and community dimension are possible strengths to face the challenges that are opening up.

Originality/value
The study is one of the very few to carry out a counterfactual analysis of Alpine enterprises. It offers evidence on the strengths and weaknesses of the productive fabric of the high lands and updates the assessment of the health status of Alpine enterprises to accompany future fact-based policies after the COVID pandemic.
Durvalumab‐induced de novo annular psoriasiform drug eruption successfully treated with a combination of narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy and topical treatment
Authors: Lin Wei‐Hsi , Lee Kang‐Yun , Lee Woan‐Ruoh , Shih Yi‐Hsien 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors, including anti‐programmed death 1 and anti‐programmed death ligand 1, have become prominent treatment options for various types of cancers. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors are associated with various cutaneous adverse events, one of which is psoriasiform drug eruption. Some cases of psoriasiform drug eruption can only be controlled through the cessation of immune checkpoint inhibitors and administration of systemic immunosuppressants, such as corticosteroids and methotrexate. However, no clear guideline is available on the management of this specific rash, and the use of systemic immunosuppressants is contraindicated in selected conditions. In this article, we report a case of annular psoriasiform drug eruption induced by an anti‐programmed death ligand 1 monoclonal antibody, durvalumab. The patient responded well to the combination of phototherapy and topical treatment, which allowed continuation of durvalumab treatment without concomitant systemic immunosuppressants in a 2‐year follow up.
Higher early life mortality with lower infant body mass in a free‐ranging primate
Authors: Lee D. Susie , Mandalaywala Tara M. , Dubuc Constance , Widdig Anja , Higham James P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Traits that reflect the amount of energy allocated to offspring by mothers, such as infant body mass, are predicted to have long‐lasting effects on offspring fitness. In very long‐lived species, such as anthropoid primates, where long‐lasting and obligate parental care is required for successful recruitment of offspring, there are few studies on the fitness implications of low body mass among infants.

Using body mass data collected from 253 free‐ranging rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta infants on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, we examined if lower infant body mass predicts lower chance of survival through to reproductive maturation (4th year of life). We also used data on inter‐birth intervals and suckling behaviours to determine whether the duration of maternal care was adjusted to infant body mass.

Rhesus macaque infants experienced on average 5% reduced hazard of death for an increase in body mass of 0.1 SD (~100 g) above the mean within their age–sex class. The positive association between body mass and early life survival was most pronounced in the 1st year of life.

Infant body mass tended to be lower if mothers were young or old, but the link between infant body mass and early life survival remained after controlling for maternal age. This finding suggests that maternal effects on early life survival such as maternal age may act through their influence on infant body mass.

Mothers of heavier infants were less likely to be delayed in subsequent reproduction, but the estimated association slightly overlapped with zero. The timing of the last week of suckling did not differ by infant body mass.

Using infant body mass data that has been rarely available from free‐ranging primates, our study provides comparative evidence to strengthen the existing body of literature on the fitness implications of variation in infant body mass.
Association between secondhand smoke exposure and diabetes mellitus in 131 724 Korean never smokers using self‐reported questionnaires and cotinine levels: Gender differences
Authors: Kim Byung Jin , Kim Ji Hye , Kang Jeong Gyu , Kim Bum Soo , Kang Jin Ho 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to compare the gender‐different associations between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and diabetes in self‐reported never smokers verified by cotinine.MethodsSelf‐reported never smokers verified by cotinine levels (<50 ng/mL) enrolled in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study between April 2011 and December 2016 were included for this study. SHS exposure was defined as current exposure to passive smoke indoors at home or workplace. The gender‐specific association between SHS exposure and diabetes was assessed using multivariable regression analyses.ResultsOf the total 131 724 individuals (mean age 35 years, SD 7.1 years), 66.8% were female, and the prevalence of SHS exposure in the entire population was 22.9%. The prevalence of diabetes in the group exposed to SHS was higher than that in the group unexposed to SHS only in females (1.8% vs 1.2%, P < .001 for females; 2.2% vs 2.2%, P = .956 for males). A significant gender interaction existed for the relationships between SHS exposure and diabetes (P for interaction <.001). The multivariate regression model showed that SHS exposure was significantly associated with diabetes only in females (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.40 [1.20, 1.65] for females; 1.00 [0.85, 1.19] for males). In particular, females with SHS exposure ≥1 hour/day, ≥3 times/week, and ≥10 years showed an increased risk of diabetes by more than 50% compared to those without SHS exposure.ConclusionsSHS exposure was significantly associated with diabetes in female never smokers with dose‐dependent relationship. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the gender difference in the incidence of diabetes associated with SHS exposure.
Jonathan Swift and the Transgender Classroom
Authors: Ftacek Julia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEighteenth‐century studies has seen a flourishing of queer scholarship aimed at recovering the non‐normative sexualities of eighteenth‐century people and the contexts in which they existed. This article calls for an extension of this scholarship into issues of gender, citing both the existence of transgender students in eighteenth‐century classrooms and the potential existence of transgender identities, aesthetics and materials in the period itself. It ends with a model transgender reading of Jonathan Swift’s ‘The Lady’s Dressing Room’ as a demonstration of trans scholarship in the field.
Temperature impacts community structure and function of phototrophic Chloroflexi and Cyanobacteria in two alkaline hot springs in Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Bennett Annastacia C. , Murugapiran Senthil K. , Hamilton Trinity L. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryPhotosynthetic bacteria are abundant in alkaline, terrestrial hot springs and there is a long history of research on phototrophs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Hot springs provide a framework to examine the ecophysiology of phototrophs in situ because they provide natural gradients of geochemistry, pH and temperature. Phototrophs within the Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi groups are frequently observed in alkaline hot springs. Decades of research has determined that temperature constrains Cyanobacteria in alkaline hot springs, but factors that constrain the distribution of phototrophic Chloroflexi remain unresolved. Using a combination of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and photoassimilation microcosms, we tested the hypothesis that temperature would constrain the activity and composition of phototrophic Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi. We expected diversity and rates of photoassimilation to decrease with increasing temperature. We report 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing along with carbon isotope signatures and photoassimilation from 45 to 72°C in two alkaline hot springs. We find that Roseiflexus, Chloroflexus (Chloroflexi) and Leptococcus (Cyanobacteria) operational taxonomic units (OTUs) have distinct distributions with temperature. This distribution suggests that, like phototrophic Cyanobacteria, temperature selects for specific phototrophic Chloroflexi taxa. The richness of phototrophic Cyanobacteria decreased with increasing temperature along with a decrease in oxygenic photosynthesis, whereas Chloroflexi richness and rates of anoxygenic photosynthesis did not decrease with increasing temperature, even at temperatures approaching the upper limit of photosynthesis (~72–73°C). Our carbon isotopic data suggest an increasing prevalence of the 3‐hydroxypropionate pathway with decreasing temperature coincident with photoautotrophic Chloroflexi. Together these results indicate temperature plays a role in defining the niche space of phototrophic Chloroflexi (as has been observed for Cyanobacteria), but other factors such as morphology, geochemistry, or metabolic diversity of Chloroflexi, in addition to temperature, could determine the niche space of this highly versatile group.
Perioperative hyperglycaemia in elective arthroplasties. Should we do better?
Authors: Ylikoski Marianne , Jokinen Janne J. , Lahtela Jorma , Kauppi Markku J. , Huhtala Heini , Immonen Heidi , Tiihonen Raine 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPerioperative dysglycaemia is associated with deleterious outcomes but guidelines to improve glucose management are poorly or inconsistently adhered to. We evaluated glucose management among diabetic and non‐diabetic patients undergoing elective hip or knee arthroplasty.MethodsCapillary plasma glucose (CPG) was measured prospectively four times daily of 209 patients undergoing elective hip or knee surgery. Actions of the attending teams to CPG values and detection of patients at risk were analysed.ResultsA total of 209 patients were enrolled. All diabetic patients on insulin (6/6) had hyperglycaemia (≥7.8 mmol/l) more than twice and severe hyperglycaemia (>10 mmol/l) at least once. Of the 27 diabetic patients not on insulin 26 (96.3%) had CPG ≥ 7.8 mmol/l ≥ 2 times and 17 (63%) >10 mmol/l. The corresponding figures of the 176 non‐diabetic patients were 137 (77.8%) and 61 (34.7%). Severe hyperglycaemia occurred in 54/176 (30.1%) of the non‐diabetic patients with pre‐operative HbA1c < 42 mmol/mol and random plasma glucose < 7.8 mmol/l. Of the 84 hyperglycaemic episodes > 10 mmol/l, none was treated. Patients with a FINDRISC score ≥ 12 (corresponding to moderate to high risk of diabetes) and hyperglycaemia went unnoticed.ConclusionsHyperglycaemia is common among elective orthopaedic surgery patients with or without diabetes. More than 80% of the 209 patients had hyperglycaemia and 40% had severe hyperglycaemia. None of the patients was treated according to guidelines and none of the patients at risk of hyperglycaemia or diabetes was noticed. There is an obvious need for further education and support by diabetes specialists.Clinical trial registrationClinical trials, gov. NCT03306810.
Factors associated with the biphasic kinetics of serum HBV RNA in patients with HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues
Authors: Liu Shi , Liu Zhihong , Li Wanying , Zhou Bin , Liang Xieer , Fan Rong , Deng Rui , Hou Jinlin , Sun Jian 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundSerum hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA is a novel biomarker for evaluating treatment response. Detailed information regarding serum HBV RNA kinetics during treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) is limited.AimsTo ascertain serum HBV RNA kinetics during long‐term NA treatment and identify associated factors.MethodsWe enrolled 76 HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients receiving NA from randomised controlled trials. Laboratory assays were undertaken every 3 months. Factors associated with serum HBV RNA kinetics were identified by generalised estimating equations.ResultsBaseline serum HBV RNA was 8.5 ± 1.0 log10 copies/mL. Decline in serum HBV RNA during NA therapy was biphasic: the first phase (HBV DNA detectable) had a fast decrease (median slope, −0.207 log10 copies/mL/month) and was followed by a second phase (HBV DNA undetectable) with slow decrease (median slope, −0.071 log10 copies/mL/month). In the first phase, factors independently associated with lower initial serum HBV RNA were male sex (OR, 0.685, P = 0.044), low baseline HBsAg (OR, 0.525, P = 0.001) and rapid virological response (RVR) (OR, 0.624, P = 0.031). In the second phase, only RVR was independently associated with serum HBV RNA kinetics, including its lower initial level (OR, 0.694, P = 0.043) and greater decline (OR, 0.966, P = 0.002). Based on viral dynamics, time needed to achieve undetectable serum HBV RNA from baseline was 43.56 (IQR: 29.49‐66.40) months.ConclusionRVR was a significant determinant for biphasic decline in serum HBV RNA during NA treatment, which significantly influenced the treatment duration required to achieve undetectable serum HBV RNA.
Effects of beak trimming on the performance, beak length, behavior, and carcass traits of a local broiler breed reared in battery cages
Authors: Li Junying , Chen Hong , Dai Cong , Sa Renna , Wang Zhicheng , Wang Jiangxian , Su Hu , He Xinxin , Guo Xing , Jiang Runshen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of beak trimming on a local broiler breed. A total of 648 one‐day‐old birds were randomly allocated into three treatments: no trimming (NBT), infrared beak trimming (IRBT), and hot‐blade beak trimming (HBBT). The performance, beak length, behavior, carcass traits, organ percentages, and meat quality were inspected. The body weight (BW) from 7 to 35 days in the IRBT group was significantly lower than that in the NBT group, and the BW from 7 to 49 days was lower than that in the HBBT group (p < .05). Compared with untrimmed birds, birds in the IRBT group had lower average daily feed intake (ADFI) from 15 to 21 days, and higher heart percentage and L* value in the breast muscle. The upper beak length at 28 and 49 days of age were longest in untrimmed birds, intermediate in birds in the HBBT group, and shortest in the IRBT groups (p <.05). No evidence was found that HBBT caused changes in performance, behavior, carcass traits, organ percentages, and meat quality except for lower change in spleen percentage. Taken together, IRBT had more influence at inhibiting early BW, ADFI, and upper beak length than HBBT in the local broiler breed.
Genetic impact of CDHR3 on the adult onset of asthma and COPD
Authors: Shigemasa Rie , Masuko Hironori , Hyodo Kentaro , Kitazawa Haruna , Kanazawa Jun , Yatagai Yohei , Iijima Hiroaki , Naito Takashi , Saito Takefumi , Hirota Tomomitsu , Tamari Mayumi , Sakamoto Tohru , Hizawa Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundAdult‐onset asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are heterogeneous diseases caused by complex gene‐environment interactions. A functional single nucleotide polymorphism of cadherin‐related family member 3 (CDHR3), known as a receptor of rhinovirus‐C, is associated with childhood‐onset asthma especially in atopic individuals.ObjectiveHere, we identified risk factors for adult‐onset asthma and COPD, focusing on the impact of the CDHR3 variant in atopic individuals.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal, retrospective, observational cohort study of 1523 healthy adults with baseline examinations at Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital in 2008 and retrospectively identified new‐onset, physician‐diagnosed asthma or COPD from 2009 to 2018. We assessed risk factors by the Cox regression analysis. The impact of CDHR3 variant rs6967330 was also examined in individuals with pre‐existing atopy.ResultsOver 10 study years, 103 people developed airway diseases (79 asthma and 24 COPD; 52 females, average onset‐age 55 years old, range 38‐80). Higher body mass index (BMI) and lower forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio were significant risk factors (BMI: HR 1.072 [95% CI 1.005‐1.14], P = .034; FEV1/FVC ratio: HR 1.091 [1.044‐1.14], P = .00011). Restriction to atopic individuals saw the A allele at rs6967330 and lower FEV1/FVC ratio to associate with adult‐onset disease (A allele: HR 2.89 [1.57‐5.20], P = .00062; FEV1/FVC ratio: HR 1.10 [1.04‐1.17], P = .0010).Conclusion and clinical relevanceGenetic susceptibility to rhinovirus‐C infection in atopic individuals is a risk factor for chronic airway diseases even in later life.
An exome‐wide exploration of cases of primary ovarian insufficiency uncovers novel sequence variants and candidate genes
Authors: Alvarez‐Mora Maria Isabel , Todeschini Anne‐Laure , Caburet Sandrine , Perets Lilach Peled , Mila Montserrat , Younis Johnny S. , Shalev Stavit , Veitia Reiner A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrimary ovarian insufficiency (POI) implies the cessation of menstruation for several months in women before the age of 40 years and is a major cause of infertility. The study of the contribution of genetic factors to POI has been fueled by the use of whole exome sequencing (WES). Here, to uncover novel causative pathogenic variants and risk alleles, WES has been performed in 12 patients with familial POI (eight unrelated index cases and two pairs of sisters) and six women with early menopause and family history of POI (four index cases and one pair of sisters). Likely causative variants in NR5A1 and MCM9 genes were identified as well as a variant in INHA that requires further investigation. Moreover, we have identified more than one candidate variant in 3 out of 15 familial cases. Taken together, our results highlight the genetic heterogeneity of POI and early menopause and support the hypothesis of an oligogenic inheritance of such conditions, in addition to monogenic inheritance.
Unsettling Stories of Eviction from the New Saigon
Authors: Harms Erik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStories of settling and civilizing a landscape often mask or conceal stories of displacement. Settling stories are often unsettling stories—and scholarship on urban settlement should strive to show both faces of the settlement process. This article analyzes interview excerpts collected between 2010 and 2012 from residents who have been evicted from an urban development site located across the Saigon River from Ho Chi Minh City’s central business district. I highlight how evictees evoke their own histories of settlement as a way of unsettling the triumphalist story of contemporary urban development in the city. Along the way, an unexpected, yet equally unsettling, irony emerges. The settlement stories evictees rely upon to prove their own status as legitimate urban settlers evoke the larger story of Vietnamese manifest destiny, which is also an unsettling tale of conquest, displacement, and settler colonialism.
Voluntary pursuit of negatively valenced stimuli from childhood to early adulthood
Authors: Grisanzio Katherine A. , Sasse Stephanie F. , Nook Erik C. , Lambert Hilary K. , McLaughlin Katie A. , Somerville Leah H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough common sense suggests that we are motivated to pursue positive and avoid negative experiences, previous research shows that people regularly seek out negative experiences. In the current study, we characterized this tendency from childhood to young adulthood. Due to the known increases in risky behavior and sensation seeking in adolescence, we hypothesized that adolescents would show an increased engagement with negatively valenced stimuli compared to children and adults. Participants aged 4–25 (N = 192) completed a behavioral task assessing motivation to engage with negative, positive, and neutral images. On each trial, participants viewed two small images and selected one to view at a larger size for up to 10s. Trials were organized into three valence conditions: negative versus positive images (matched on arousal), negative versus neutral images, and positive versus neutral images. Although participants chose positive images more than neutral or negative images, participants selected negative images frequently, even when given a positive (28% of trials) or neutral (42% of trials) alternative. Contrary to expectations, the tendency to choose negative images was highest in early childhood and decreased linearly with increasing age, and the tendency to choose positive images increased linearly with age. These results provide insight into how motivation to engage with emotional stimuli varies across age. It is possible that the novelty and rarity of negative experiences drives children to pursue these stimuli. Alternatively, children may find negative images less aversive, which would caution against assuming that these stimuli elicit the same motivational states in individuals of all ages.