bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-guided epidural anesthesia and sedation foropen abdominal surgery in 20 consecutive children:a prospective case series and proof-of-concept study
Authors: Schmid Werner , Opfermann Philipp , Zadrazil Markus , Tonnhofer Ursula , Metzelder Martin , Marhofer Peter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
General anesthesia (GA) in children is associated with respiratory events and a potential for drug-induced neurotoxicity. Aiming to reduce airway manipulation and the use of GA drugs, we designed a study of abdominal surgery under epidural anesthesia in sedated, spontaneously breathing children. We enrolled 20 children (3 − 83 months, 6.3 − 25.0 kg) scheduled for open abdominal surgery with Pfannenstiel incision. Sedation was followed by ultrasound-guided epidural anesthesia. Increases in heart rate by > 15% and or patient movements upon skin incision were rated as block deficiencies. Intubation equipment for advanced airway management was kept on standby. The primary study endpoint was successful blockade, meaning that no sequential airway management was required during surgery. Secondary endpoints included any use of fentanyl/propofol intraoperatively and of postoperative analgesics in the recovery room. All 20 blocks were successful, with no block deficiencies upon skin incision, no need for sequential airway management, and stable SpO2 levels (97–100%). Surgery took a median of 120.5 minutes (IQR: 89.3–136.5) and included one bolus of fentanyl 120 minutes into a protracted operation. No more systemic analgesia had to be provided in the recovery room. Sedation and epidural anesthesia emerged as a useful alternative to GA from our consecutive case series.
Fractional CO2 laser combined with 595-nm PDL inhibiting hypertrophic scars via measuring BMP-7 and Fas expression in rabbit models
Authors: Zhang Jinxia , Zhou Shuanglin , Xia Zhikuan , Peng Zhuoying , Yang Rongya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background and ObjectivesAlthough the treatment of hypertrophic scar (HS) remain challenging, fractional CO2 laser (FCO2L) and 595-nm pulsed-dye laser (PDL) have proved clinical efficacy. Meanwhile, BMP-7 and Fas proteins are demonstrated to promote wound healing and inhibit scar formation, yet few reports on the effect of the two proteins on hypertrophic scarring are available, and their molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In current study, we attempted to observe the effect of combined use of FCO2L with 595-nm PDL in HS animal models through determining the expression of BMP-7 and Fas in scar inhibition.Materials and MethodsTwenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomized to control group, FCO2L group, PDL group and combined treatment group. Four HS samples were developed at each ear of individual rabbit. FCO2L was respectively applied to simple FCO2L and combined treatment group, and simple 595-nm PDL and combined treatment group. Totally, 3 sessions of treatments were carried out once every 14 days. Then, the changes of fibroblasts and collagens in HSs and expression of BMP-7 and Fas proteins in the scar tissues were determined via histological and immunohistochemical studies, ELISA, CCK8 test, RT-PCR and Western blot assay.ResultsHSs were flattened and shrunk after treatment, especially in rabbits treated by FCO2L plus 595-nm PDL group, in which obviously decreased abnormal fibroblast and collagen were noted. The deference was significant compared to other groups(P < 0.001). Moreover, expression of BMP-7 and Fas was both increased in the combined treatment group compared to single FCO2L or 595-nm PDL therapy group (P < 0.001) .ConclusionsFCO2L combined with 595-nm PDL can improve HSs in rabbit models by inhibiting excessive fibroblast growth and collagen deposition. This may be associated with increased BMP-7 and Fas expression in the scar tissues. And our findings may pioneer a new therapeutic strategy for alternative treatment of HSs.
Discontinuation of Different Contraceptive Methods in Thai Women During a One-year Period: A Cohort Study
Authors: Jaisamrarn Unnop , Santipap Monchai , Santibenchakul Somsook 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundEven though almost 80% of sexually active Thai women use modern contraceptives, yet unintended pregnancy remains a significant reproductive health issue. One possible explanation is that the women do not use contraceptives or stopped using contraceptives at some point in their lifetime. At present, there is scant information available about contraceptive discontinuation among Thai women. We assessed the discontinuation rate and the reason for discontinuation of the four most common contraceptives used by reproductive aged Thai women: combined oral contraceptive pills (COCs), depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), copper IUD, and contraceptive implant(s).MethodsThere were 1,880 women aged 18-45 years recruited from the Family Planning Clinic of the Chulalongkorn Hospital in Bangkok. The participants were followed at months 3, 6 and 12 either by attending the clinic or being interviewed via a phone call. Incidence density and cumulative incidence based on the Kaplan-Meier approach were used to assess contraceptive discontinuation. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine significant personal risks of discontinuing contraceptive.ResultsAmong all, 839 (44.6%) women initiated COCs; 494 (26.3%) initiated DMPA; 280 (14.9%) initiated copper IUD and 267 (14.2%) initiated contraceptive implant(s). The incidence density for discontinuation of COCs, DMPA, copper IUD, and contraceptive implant(s) were 21.33, 9.21, 4.36, and 2.26 / 100 person-year, respectively. Most of the women (185/222) discontinued their contraceptives because of the side effects. Compared to the contraceptive implant(s) users, adjusted HR (95% CI) of discontinuing COCs, DMPA, and copper IUD were 9.92 (4.38-22.46), 4.25 (1.81-9.98), 2.16 (0.81-5.76), respectively. Lower-income, higher parity numbers, history of miscarriage, and history of abortion were independent predictors of contraceptive discontinuation in a multivariable model.ConclusionsThe discontinuation rate of COCs, the most popular contraceptive method for Thai women, was the highest during the one-year period of the study. The primary reason for discontinuing the use of the various contraceptive methods was the side effects.
EEG&nbsp;Microstate in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients
Authors: Xiong Xin , Ren Yuyan , Gao Shenghan , Luo Jianhua , Liao Jiangli , Wang Chunwu , Yi Sanli , Liu Ruixiang , Xiang Yan , He Jianfeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep respiratory disease. Previous studies have found that the wakefulness electroencephalogram (EEG) of OSA patients has changed, such as increased EEG power. However, whether the microstate reflecting the transient state of the brain is abnormal is unclear during sleep apnea or hypopnea. We investigated the microstates of sleep EEG in 30 OSA patients and in 10 healthy control volunteers. Then correlation analysis was carried out between microstate parameters and EEG markers of sleep disturbance, such as power spectrum, sample entropy and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). We observed that there was an additional fifth microstate E during apnea or hypopnea in N1 and N3 stages in OSA patients. And the microstate E was correlated with the power spectrum of delta, theta and alpha bands, not correlated with sample entropy, but correlated with DFA in N1-OA/OH stage. Moreover, Global Explained Variance, Mean Duration, Time Coverage and Segment Density of microstate E were positively correlated with DFA. We can interpret that the abnormal transition of brain active areas of OSA patients in N1-OA/OH stages leads to an extra microstate E, which might be related to the change of alpha activity in the cortex. And the generation of microstate E is not correlated with the decrease of EEG complexity, but correlated with the stronger self-similar regularity of EEG signals in OSA patients. These findings indicate that the microstate has the potential as a biomarker of EEG and has potential application value in OSA diagnosis.
Shedding Light on the Bacterial Resistance to Toxic UV Filters: A Comparative Genomic Study
Authors: Lozano Clément , Lebaron Philippe , Matallana-Surget Sabine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: UV filters are toxic to marine bacteria that dominate the marine biomass. Ecotoxicology often studies the organismal response but rarely integrates deciphers the toxicity mechanisms at the molecular level. In this study, in silico comparative genomic between UV filters sensitive and resistant bacteria were conducted in order to unravel the genes responsible for a resistance phenotype. The genomes of two environmentally relevant Bacteroidetes and three Firmicutes species were compared through pairwise comparisonResults: Larger genomes were carried by bacteria exhibiting a resistant phenotype, favoring their ability to adapt to environmental stresses. While the antitoxin and CRISPR systems were the only distinctive features in resistant Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes displayed multiple unique genes that could support the difference between sensitive and resistant phenotypes.Conclusion: Several genes involved in ROS response, vitamin biosynthesis, xenobiotic degradation, multidrug resistance, xenobiotic degradation, and lipophilic compound permeability were shown to be exclusive to resistant species. Our investigation contributes to a better understanding of the molecular basis of UV filters resistance phenotypes.
Morpho-Physiological Response to Heat Stress During Seedling Stage and Interrelation With Agronomical Traits in Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Cultivars Differing in Heat Tolerance
Authors: Rajametov Sherzod , Yang Eun Young , Cho Myeong Cheoul , Chae Soo Young , Jeong Hyo Bong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Identification of heat tolerance trait in pepper genotypes is an important for the breeding of heat tolerant cultivars in pepper. Therefore, in the present study were investigated effect of heat treatment (HT) on morpho-physiological and biochemical status of two commercial pepper cultivars “Chyung Yang” and “New Bigarim” in seedling stage and their post-treatment reproductive ability. The seedlings with 8-10 true leaf stage were maintained at day and night temperature of 42°C for 10 days and cv. “Chyung Yang” were identified as a heat tolerant and “New Bigarim” as a susceptible to heat stress. The HT survival were revealed during 5 days and the threshold of heat tolerance were determined within 10 days of treatment among cultivars. We found no significant relation between leaf heat damage levels (LHD) with chlorophyll content (CHL). During HT were identified significant reducing of the biomass of seedlings, whereas the photosynthetic rate (PN), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) values were increased than in normal treatment (NT) seedlings. The cell membrane thermostability values were not steady during HT and in heat treated seedlings at recovery stages, where electrical conductivity (EC) rate showed of the increasing in seedlings at HT than NT. Total free proline content (PRL) significantly increased in HT stressed seedlings over NT on day 5 of treatment, when survival of seedlings were finished. In both cultivar plants with different LHD were identified the significantly increasing of PRL than NT plants at recovery, where the mean fold increase within 2-3 times than in seedlings which were exposed to the HT. LHD significantly effected on reproductive growth stage, where LHD levels over 25% was critical for plants recovery. There no identified the any significant the linkage of heat tolerance in seedling stage with reproductive growth stage, where cv. “Chyung Yang” was determined as a heat tolerant in seedling stage but in reproductive stage it showed negative index of agronomical traits.
WITHDRAWN: OxyR-Like Improve Cell's Hydrogen Peroxide Tolerance via Participate in Monocyte Chemotaxis and Oxidative Phosphorylation Regulation in Magnetospirillum Gryphiswaldense MSR-1
Authors: Ma Yong , Wen Tong , Zhang Yunpeng , Guo Fangfang , Sun Xiuyu , Jiang Wei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Magnetosome formation inside magnetotactic bacteria is a complex process strictly regulated by intracellular metabolic regulation system. A series of transcriptional regulators have been proved involved in magnetosome bio-synthesis, including OxyR-Like, which is indispensable during magnetosome maturation in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1. In this study, a new function of OxyR-Like was identified that it helps cell to defense reactive oxygen species (ROS). Comparison of expression profile data between wild type MSR-1 and oxyR-Like defective mutant demonstrate that after the disruption of oxyR-Like, 7 genes encoding chemotaxis proteins were down-regulated. On the contrary, the expression level of numerous genes encoding proteins which are critical for cellular aerobic respiration are increased. The result suggesting a model that OxyR-Like enhance the cell’s ROS resistant ability via increasing its environmental perception and keeping its oxidative phosphorylation in a reasonable level to avoid excessive production of endogenous ROS. This study further enriched the regulatory network of OxyR-Like and established the relationship between antioxidant metabolism pathway and magnetosome biomineralization in MSR-1.
Microbiome Analysis of Three Sample Types Obtained From Mixed Dentition Children With Different Caries Statuses: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Yang Xiaoxia , He Lidan , Yan Siqi , Chen Xinyi , Que Guoying 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Both supragingival plaque and saliva are commonly sampled for analysis of microbial communities. However, it remains unclear whether saliva can replace supragingival plaque for microbial studies of caries. There are limited studies on whether the microbiota of healthy first permanent molar (FPM) differs in different caries statuses of deciduous teeth. Herein, the PacBio Sequel platform was used to identify microbiome between three types of oral samples. Additionally, we compared the microbia between children with caries and healthy children in the same kind of microhabitat.Methods: In total, 30 children (aged 7–9 years) were enrolled in this study; 15 of them had dental caries. DNA was extracted from supragingival plaques of deciduous molars, supragingival plaques of maxillary FPMs, and saliva, and the v1–v9 regions of 16S rRNA was amplified. Additionally, PacBio sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed.Results: The salivary microbial alpha diversity were lower than that of the supragingival plaque on the teeth, but three was no difference between deciduous teeth and FPMs. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the saliva samples were mainly scattered in the left side, whereas most plaque samples were distributed on the right. In the same microhabitat , there was no difference in microbial alpha and beta diverty between children with caries and healthy children. For the samples of the deciduous teeth, Streptococcus mutans, Propionibacterium acidifaciens, and Veillonella dispar were more abundant in the children with caries than healthy children, and the first two bacteria showed a positive correlation. For the samples of the FPMs, Selenomonas noxia was more abundant in healthy children than children with caries. But no differentially abundant microorganism were identified between the saliva subgroups. Conclusion:The microbial composition and struction of supragingival plaque was different from that of saliva, and supragingival plaque was found to be the best candidate for studying caries etiology. Streptococcus mutans, Veillonella dispar, and Propionibacterium acidifaciens are highly associated with the existence of deciduous caries. The microbia of the supragingival plaque on the healthy FPMs resemble when the caries status of the deciduous teeth was different, except for the abundance of Selenomonas noxia.
Analyzing the Distribution and Variation of Suspended Particulate Matter in the Yellow River Estuary (YRE) using Landsat 8 OLI
Authors: Li Jin , Hao Yanling , Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Li Zhipeng , Yu Ruihong , Sun Ying 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Yellow River Estuary (YRE) as well as its adjacent coastal areas are famous for its high concentration of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM). The distribution of SPM and its variations in the estuary area promoted the carbon, oxygen and nutrient cycles in coastal areas and nearby sea areas. This study took advantage of Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (Landsat 8 OLI) data to estimate SPM in the YRE from 2013 to 2019. Remote sensing reflectance (R rs ) measured by Landsat 8 OLI has been proved to be effective through cross-validate with Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI). A simple empirical alogrithm (NIR band ratio green band and add red band) was developed to map the SPM distribution and concentration, with the APD 33.12% and R 2 0.93 based on in-situ data. Annual average distribution of SPM shows that highy turbid areas with SPM greater than 10 3 mg/L are mostly found surrounding the estuary of Yellow River, in the northwest part of the Laizhou Bay and south part of Bohai bay. High variations of SPM distributions are consistent with high SPM, and vice versa. The influences of river runoff is mainly concentrated in the estuary area, and outside 4.5 km the variability of SPM effected by river discharge is not ovbious. Significant difference is observed in seasonal SPM distribution. Higher SPM in winter is observed both in range and intensity compared to summer. Significant seasonal variations are mainly controlled by sediment resuspension processes driven by wind-wave forces. The results of this study indicate that Landsat8 OLI is an effective mean to retrieve SPM in YRE and its adjcent areas.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Regulates Joint Capsule Fibrosis by Promoting TGF-β1 Production in Fibroblasts
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Lu Shenji , Wang Kexin , Fan Shuai , Xu Lili , Cai Bin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Joint capsule fibrosis caused by excessive inflammation results in post-traumatic joint contracture (PTJC). Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 plays a key role in PTJC by regulating fibroblast functions, however, cytokine-induced TGF-β1 expression in specific cell types remains poorly characterized. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in inflammation- and fibrosis-associated pathophysiology. Results: In this study, we investigated whether MIF can facilitate TGF-β1 production from fibroblasts and regulate joint capsule fibrosis following PTJC. Our data demonstrated that MIF and TGF-β1 significantly increased in fibroblasts of injured rat posterior joint capsules. Treatment the lesion sites with MIF inhibitor 4-Iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine (4-IPP) reduced TGF-β1 production and relieved joint capsule inflammation and fibrosis. In vitro, MIF facilitated TGF-β1 expression in primary joint capsule fibroblasts by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (P38, ERK) signaling through coupling with membrane surface receptor CD74, which in turn affected fibroblast functions and promoted MIF production. Conclusion: Our results reveal a novel function of trauma-induced MIF in the occurrence and development of joint capsule fibrosis. Further investigation of the underlying mechanism may provide potential therapeutic targets for PTJC.
Continuous Veno-Venous Hemofiltration (CVVH) Improves Iron Metabolism Disorders in Patients With Sepsis : A Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: An Meng-Meng , Jiang Yi , Jin Bei-Bei , Cao Da , Gong Ping 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Iron metabolism disorder is commonly seen in patients with sepsis. This study aimed to evaluate whether continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) improved the iron metabolism disorders in sepsis. Methods: In a single-center, retrospective cohort study, totally 89 sepsis patients were prospectively enrolled and divided into the CVVH group (n=39) and the control group (n=50). Clinical and laboratory data were collected and compared between the groups on days 1, 3 and 7 of ICU admission. Plasma interleukin (IL)-6, hepcidin, erythropoietin (EPO), ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sequential organ failure scores (SOFA) on days 1 and 7, and 28-day survival between groups were compared.Results: Plasma IL-6, hepcidin, ferritin and RDW on days 3 and 7 were significantly reduced in the CVVH group compared with those in the control group (all P<0.05). The CVVH group had a significantly lower SOFA score on day 7 compared with the control group (P<0.05). Hemoglobin and EPO were gradually decreased within the first week of ICU admission in both groups although no significant differences between the groups were observed. There was no significant difference in sTfR between the two groups along with the time (all P > 0.05). In addition, there were no significant differences in 28-day survival rate and median survival time between the two groups. Conclusion: CVVH improves iron metabolism disorders and the disease severity in sepsis. However, it does not alleviate anemia and fails to improve the survival.
Rural and Remote Intubations in An Australian Aeromedical Retrieval Service: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Authors: Pellatt Richard , Bolot Renee , Sweeny Amy , Gibbs Clinton , O'Gorman Jacob 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective Critically unwell patients in rural and remote areas of Queensland, Australia, often require airway management with rapid sequence intubation (RSI) prior to retrieval to a tertiary centre. Retrieval Services Queensland (RSQ) coordinate retrievals and support rural hospitals, including via telehealth. We aimed to describe the demographics of patients intubated in Queensland hospitals requiring subsequent aeromedical retrieval. This retrospective cohort study compared patients intubated by a retrieval team, including a LifeFlight Retrieval Medicine (LRM) doctor, to those intubated by the local hospital team. MethodsRetrospective cohort study of all patients intubated in hospitals in Queensland, Australia, requiring subsequent aeromedical retrieval (including an LRM doctor) between January 2019 and December 2019. Data collected included: time of day, mission priority, geographical location of hospital, rurality, diagnosis, failure/assistance with intubation. Descriptive statistics were complemented by logistic regression analyses. Results In 2019, 684 patients were intubated in hospitals in Queensland, Australia, requiring subsequent aeromedical retrieval by a team including an LRM doctor. 131 (19.2%) were intubated by the retrieval team, and 553 (80.8%) were intubated by the local hospital team. The retrieval team was more likely to intubate as the age of the patient increased. In the most rural and remote areas, 64 (43.2%) of patients were intubated by the retrieval team, compared with 84 (56.8%) by the local team. In this subgroup of rural and remote patients, the composite diagnosis of ‘injuries, poisons, toxicology and drugs’ was significantly more likely to be associated with the local team intubating. ConclusionA retrieval team is more likely to be required for intubation of patients in rural and remote hospitals in Queensland, Australia. Service provision for critically unwell patients, coordinated by RSQ, is effective and well-managed. Rural and remote hospitals should be given special preference and consideration for timely dispatch of the retrieval team for assistance with these cases.Trial RegistrationEthical approval for this project was granted by the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (LNR/2020/QRBW/64917). A waiver of consent was granted given the retrospective and deidentified nature of the study.