bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct onshore wind predicts daily swimmer's itch (avian schistosome) incidence at a Michigan beach
Authors: Sckrabulis Jason P. , Flory Alan R. , Raffel Thomas R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSwimmer's itch (SI) is a painful rash caused by skin penetration by free-swimming infectious cercariae of avian schistosomes, snail-borne helminth parasites related to the causative agents of human schistosomiasis. The goal of this study was to determine if commonly collected environmental data could be used to predict daily fluctuations in SI incidence at an inland beach in northwestern Michigan. Lifeguards collected daily data over four summers, including the number of self-reported SI cases, total swimmers, water temperature, wind speed and wind direction. Mixed-effects binomial regression revealed that wind direction, wind speed and time of day were the best predictors of daily SI risk. Swimmers entering the water in the morning or on days with direct onshore wind perpendicular to the shoreline had the greatest SI risk. However, there was a negative effect of wind speed after accounting for direction, where SI risk was greatest on days with a gentle breeze originating directly offshore. These results suggest that at this beach, direct onshore winds generate a surface-water current that causes SI cercariae to aggregate in the shallow waters used by swimmers. Data are needed from additional sites to confirm whether the onshore wind is a generally important driver of SI incidence.
The way to the Antarctic Treaty: System of rules in times of global conflict
Authors: Rack U. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn 1940, a PhD was published in Germany about the claiming behaviour of several countries and the whaling industry in Antarctica. It shows already at this time that a need for regulation on that issue was required. The intertwined relationships between the claiming nations demanded an overarching framework where these complex issues could be managed. This paper elaborates on the state of the claiming parties before the 1940s and will demonstrate that the development for a comprehensive regulation was the only way to avoid a global conflict. The doctoral thesis from 1940 will be the focal point of the discussion.
Acquisition of aspect in L2: The computation of event completion by Japanese learners of English
Authors: Kaku-MacDonald Keiko , Liceras Juana M. , Kazanina Nina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrevious studies on the acquisition of semantics in the aspectual domain have suggested that a difficult case for achieving a targetlike representation in a second language arises when learners need to preempt a first language (L1) option (Gabriele, 2009). This study investigates this issue by focusing on a learning scenario where predicate-level variability exists in the L1 input. We investigate whether Japanese learners of English can learn to invalidate event cancellation readings (Tsujimura, 2003) in English and how such knowledge develops with increasing English proficiency. We address these questions by examining how Japanese learners of English interpret accomplishment predicates that allow an event cancellation reading in Japanese but not in English. A truth-value judgment task was administered to 60 beginner, 96 intermediate, and 40 advanced Japanese learners of English as well as 20 L1 English and 20 L1 Japanese speakers. Our results showed that Japanese learners of English progressed toward a targetlike representation of aspectual entailment. We argue that such progress follows two parallel routes: a grammatical route rooted in the learners’ growing awareness of the English determiner and number morphology combined with a statistical route rooted in the learners’ inferences based on missing data.
“Doing” Intergenerational Friendship: Challenging the Dominance of Age Homophily in Friendship
Authors: O’Dare Catherine Elliott , Timonen Virpi , Conlon Catherine 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThis article challenges the dominance of age homophily in the literature on friendship. Using findings from a recent study on intergenerational friendship, we put forward a new conceptualization of a homophily of doing-and-being in friendships between adults who are of different generations. This research took a qualitative approach using constructivist grounded theory methodology. Homophily of doing-and-being has three components: being “friends in action” (pursuing interests and leisure activities, or simply spending time together), being “not only old” (sharing identities beyond age), and sharing attitudes and approaches to friendship and life. Additionally, “differences” were an important element of interest between the intergenerational friends. Our discovery of the centrality of doing-and-being, and the relative insignificance of age homophily, constitute a novel way of looking at friendship, and a new way of conceptualizing how and why (older) adults make and maintain friendships.
Making inferences about non-detection observations to improve occurrence predictions in Venezuelan Psittacidae
Authors: FERRER-PARIS JOSÉ R. , SÁNCHEZ-MERCADO ADA 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe global decline in psittacid populations highlights the need for monitoring programmes that allow us to estimate the level of confidence that can be placed in a non-detection observation in order to assess changes in range status. We used the detection/non-detection records for 26 psittacid species detected during the first national bird monitoring programme in Venezuela carried out in 2010 by the Neotropical Biodiversity Mapping Initiative. We fitted occupancy models and evaluate the suitability of the data to explain the lack of detections given the current sampling effort, and the expected occurrence probabilities due to environmental conditions (conditional probability of occurrence; ΨCONDL). We were able to fit reliable models for 13 of the 26 species detected. For Green-rumped ParrotletForpus passerinus, Blue-headed ParrotPionus menstrus, and Orange-winged AmazonAmazona amazonica, the probability of detection (p) under the current sampling effort was too low (> 0.2) in areas where environmental conditions would imply high ΨCONDL(< 0.3). This suggests that sampling effort should be increased to generate reliable estimations of occurrence. In contrast, for Scarlet MacawAra macao, Yellow-crowned AmazonAmazona ochrocephala, Orange-chinned ParakeetBrotogeris jugularisand Brown-throated ParakeetEupsittula pertinaxthe model estimated highp(< 0.3) and low ΨCONDL(> 0.2), suggesting that the species are reliably detected and better models could be obtained by including other predictive variables related to temporal use of resources and habitat heterogeneity. To improve the effectiveness of parrot monitoring programme in Neotropical countries, we suggest increasing the sampling effort, developing several surveys per year, and including variables related with temporal use of resources and habitat heterogeneity.
Left ventricular dysfunction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: James Katherine A. , Gralla Jane , Ridall Leslie A. , Do ThuyQuynh N. , Czaja Angela S. , Mourani Peter M. , Ciafaloni Emma , Cunniff Christopher , Donnelly Jennifer , Oleszek Joyce , Pandya Shree , Price Elinora , Yang Michele L. , Auerbach Scott R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground:Duchenne muscular dystrophy is associated with progressive cardiorespiratory failure, including left ventricular dysfunction.Methods and Results:Males with probable or definite diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, diagnosed between 1 January, 1982 and 31 December, 2011, were identified from the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance Tracking and Research Network database. Two non-mutually exclusive groups were created: patients with ≥2 echocardiograms and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation-compliant patients with ≥1 recorded ejection fraction. Quantitative left ventricular dysfunction was defined as an ejection fraction <55%. Qualitative dysfunction was defined as mild, moderate, or severe. Progression of quantitative left ventricular dysfunction was modelled as a continuous time-varying outcome. Change in qualitative left ventricle function was assessed by the percentage of patients within each category at each age. Forty-one percent (n = 403) had ≥2 ejection fractions containing 998 qualitative assessments with a mean age at first echo of 10.8 ± 4.6 years, with an average first ejection fraction of 63.1 ± 12.6%. Mean age at first echo with an ejection fraction <55 was 15.2 ± 3.9 years. Thirty-five percent (140/403) were non-invasive positive pressure ventilation-compliant and had ejection fraction information. The estimated rate of decline in ejection fraction from first ejection fraction was 1.6% per year and initiation of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation did not change this rate.Conclusions:In our cohort, we observed that left ventricle function in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy declined over time, independent of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation use. Future studies are needed to examine the impact of respiratory support on cardiac function.
Effective myocardial perfusion and concomitant haemodynamic status determine the clinical diversity of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery
Authors: Matoq Amr A. , Tsuda Takeshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground:Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is a rare congenital heart disease (CHD) with diverse clinical presentations despite the same anatomy. Factors determining this heterogeneous presentation are not well understood.Method and Results:We retrospectively investigated 14 patients (12 females) who underwent surgical repair of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. These patients were divided into three groups based upon the severity of initial presentation: (1) severe, life-threatening condition (n = 5), (2) mild-to-moderate distress (n = 6), and (3) asymptomatic (n = 3). All patients presented with left ventricular dilation and retrograde flow in left coronary artery by echocardiogram. Eight patients in (1) and (2) presented with severe left ventricular dysfunction. All but one showed abnormal ECG consistent with myocardial ischemia or infarction. Asymptomatic patients had preserved left ventricular systolic function despite ischemic findings on ECG. In 13 patients after surgical repair, all but one normalised left ventricular geometry and systolic function, suggesting nearly full myocardial recovery upon improvement of myocardial perfusion; 8 patients had residual echogenic papillary muscle with variable degree of mitral regurgitation.ConclusionsEvidence of myocardial ischemic injury was present in all patients with anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery regardless of their initial presentation. Retrograde flow in left coronary artery, implying collateral vessel development from right coronary artery to left coronary artery, was noted in all patients, yet only few patients had preserved systolic function at the time of diagnosis. The balance between effective myocardial perfusion and a deleterious fistulous flow provided by these collaterals and the simultaneous haemodynamic status are what determine the clinical diversity of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery.
Executive Functions do not Underlie Performance on the Edinburgh Social Cognition Test (ESCoT) in Healthy Younger and Older Adults
Authors: Baksh R. Asaad , Bugeja Tereża , MacPherson Sarah E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective:Current measures of social cognition have shown inconsistent findings regarding the effects of executive function (EF) abilities on social cognitive performance in older adults. The psychometric properties of the different social cognition tests may underlie the disproportional overlap with EF abilities. Our aim was to examine the relationship between social cognition and EF abilities using the Edinburgh Social Cognition Test (ESCoT; Baksh, R.A., Abrahams, S., Auyeung, B., & MacPherson, S.E. (2018). The Edinburgh Social Cognition Test (ESCoT): Examining the effects of age on a new measure of theory of mind and social norm understanding.PloS One,13(4), e0195818.), a test assessing four different aspects of social cognition: cognitive theory of mind (ToM), affective ToM, interpersonal understanding of social norms, and intrapersonal understanding of social norms.Method:We administered the ESCoT, EF measures of inhibition, set shifting, updating, and a measure of processing speed to 30 younger and 31 older adults. We also administered the Visual Perspective Taking task (VPT) as a ToM test thought to be reliant on EF abilities.Results:Better performance on cognitive ToM was significantly associated with younger age and slower processing speed. Better performance on affective ToM and ESCoT total score was associated with being younger and female. Better performance on interpersonal understanding of social norms was associated with being younger. EF abilities did not predict performance on any subtest of the ESCoT. In contrast, on the VPT, the relationship between age group and performance was fully or partially mediated by processing speed and updating.Conclusions:These findings show that the ESCoT is a valuable measure of different aspects of social cognition and, unlike many established tests of social cognition, performance is not predicted by EF abilities.
Justifying Separate Experiences for Twins: Dorothy Burlingham’s Classic Twin Study/Twin Research Reviews: Monozygotic Twins with Maturity-Onset Diabetes, Gene Editing of Chinese Twins, Educational Disadvantage of Early-Born Twins and Developmental Trajectories of Movements in Fetal Twins/In the News: Twins with Nearly Identical License Plates, Rare Case of Fetus-in-Fetu, Twin Brothers Killed at Pearl Harbor, Death of a 96-Year-Old Twin Holocaust Survivor, Death of Male–Female Twin Toddlers in a Heated Car and Confusion of Identical Twin Politicians
Authors: Segal Nancy L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article explores the justification for providing separate experiences for twins. The focus is on Dorothy Burlingham’s (1952; Twins: A study of three sets of identical twins with 30 charts. London, UK: Imago) classic, in-depth study of three identical twin-pairs. Implications for how twins are raised currently will be examined. Reviews are presented of twin research concerning monozygotic twins with maturity-onset diabetes, gene editing of fetal Chinese twins, educational disadvantage of early-born twins, and developmental trajectories of twins’ prenatal movements. Some unusual experiences and situations involving twins that warrant media attention are also summarized. They include twins with nearly identical license plates, a rare case of fetus-in-fetu, twin brothers killed at Pearl Harbor, the death of a 96-year-old twin Holocaust survivor, the accidental death of male–female twin toddlers in a heated car and confusion over identical twin politicians.
Toward a Robust Plio‐Pleistocene Chronostratigraphy for ODP Site 762
Authors: Auer Gerald , De Vleeschouwer David , Christensen Beth A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe advent of rapidly acquired proxy records provides paleoceanographers and paleoclimatologists with a wealth of high‐resolution data. These data are a boon for the community, as they enable millennial or even submillennial scale interpretation of past climate and ocean change. Multisite and multiproxy research permits regional and global correlations with high precision. Yet, accuracy is sometimes lost sight of, resulting in inaccurate age constraints. To highlight the importance of chronostratigraphic accuracy, we examine a recent publication by Stuut et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083035) that presents a chronostratigraphic framework potentially at odds with regional chronostratigraphy by up to 300 kyr in the Pliocene and 600 kyr in the Pleistocene. Using all available chronostratigraphic data, we provide an alternate integrated stratigraphic framework resulting in a higher degree of uniformity among regional climate archives and confirm the timing of a major climatic transition in Australia between ~3.55 and 3.3 Ma.
First Synoptic Observations of Geomagnetic Storm Effects on the Global‐Scale OI 135.6‐nm Dayglow in the Thermosphere by the GOLD Mission
Authors: Gan Quan , Eastes Richard W. , Burns Alan G. , Wang Wenbin , Qian Liying , Solomon Stanley C. , Codrescu Mihail V. , McInerney Joseph , McClintock William E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission provides, for the first time, a synoptic view of the thermospheric response to a moderate geomagnetic storm at a 30‐min cadence. The observations showed that the OI 135.6‐nm emission substantially decreased at middle and high latitudes, but it increased at low latitudes. The depletion pattern between 4 and 6 November 2018 was likely due to the strong upwelling of the high‐latitude thermosphere. The deepest depletion in brightness that occurred near local noon was of ~300–400 R (~35% of the quiet time background level) and displayed a striking westward movement. First‐principles modeling reasonably reproduced the overall morphology of brightness response to the geomagnetic storm despite the depletion magnitude in brightness being underestimated. The postprocessing of the simulation results revealed that the westward movement of the deepest depletion was attributable to the horizontal wind changes driven by the geomagnetic storm.
Combined Inversion of Land and Marine Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Submarine Groundwater Discharge and Saltwater Intrusion Characterization
Authors: Hermans T. , Paepen M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractElectrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is particularly suited for the characterization of saltwater intrusion and submarine freshwater discharge, given its sensitivity to the electrical conductivity of pore water. A comprehensive survey might combine land ERT collected during low tide and marine ERT acquired with lower sensitivity due to the presence of a seawater layer, most often, inverted separately. In this contribution, we propose a new methodology to jointly invert land and marine ERT acquired along a same profile, bringing them to a common situation at high tide. We first estimate the electrical resistivity distribution under the land profile. Then, we compute a corrected data set for land ERT, simulating a data set collected with the same level of water as the marine ERT. Finally, both land and marine ERT data sets are inverted jointly. We show that the approach allows to better image the freshwater/saltwater distribution across the shoreline.
Atmospheric 81Kr as an Integrator of Cosmic‐Ray Flux on the Hundred‐Thousand‐Year Time Scale
Authors: Zappala J. C. , Baggenstos D. , Gerber C. , Jiang W. , Kennedy B. M. , Lu Z.‐T. , Masarik J. , Mueller P. , Purtschert R. , Visser A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe atmospheric abundance of 81Kr is a global integrator of cosmic rays. It is insensitive to climate shifts, geographical variations, and short‐term solar cycle activity, making it an ideal standard to test models of cosmic‐ray flux on the time scale of 105 years. Here we present the first calculation of absolute 81Kr production rates in the atmosphere, and a measurement of the atmospheric 81Kr/Kr abundance via the Atom Trap Trace Analysis method. The measurement result significantly deviates from previously reported values. The agreement between measurement and model prediction supports the current understanding of the production mechanisms. Additionally, the calculated 81Kr atmospheric inventory over the past 1.5 Myr provides a more accurate input function for radiokrypton dating.
Alfvénic Acceleration Sustains Ganymede's Footprint Tail Aurora
Authors: Szalay J. R. , Allegrini F. , Bagenal F. , Bolton S. J. , Bonfond B. , Clark G. , Connerney J. E. P. , Ebert R. W. , Gershman D. J. , Giles R. S. , Gladstone G. R. , Greathouse T. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Imai M. , Kurth W. S. , Kotsiaros S. , Louarn P. , McComas D. J. , Saur J. , Sulaiman A. H. , Wilson R. J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntegrating simultaneous in situ measurements of magnetic field fluctuations, precipitating electrons, and ultraviolet auroral emissions, we find that Alfvénic acceleration mechanisms are responsible for Ganymede's auroral footprint tail. Magnetic field perturbations exhibit enhanced Alfvénic activity with Poynting fluxes of ~100 mW/m2. These perturbations are capable of accelerating the observed broadband electrons with precipitating fluxes of ~11 mW/m2, such that Alfvénic power is transferred to electron acceleration with ~10% efficiency. The ultraviolet emissions are consistent with in situ electron measurements, indicating 13 ± 3 mW/m2 of precipitating electron flux. Juno crosses flux tubes with both upward and downward currents connected to the auroral tail exhibiting small‐scale structure. We identify an upward electron conic in the downward current region, possibly due to acceleration by inertial Alfvén waves near the Jovian ionosphere. In concert with in situ observations at Io's footprint tail, these results suggest that Alfvénic acceleration processes are broadly applicable to magnetosphere‐satellite interactions.
Does Land Use Age Influence Carbon Cycling in the Tibetan Plateau?
Authors: Justine Meta Francis , Pan Kaiwen , Jean de Dieu Nambajimana , Karamage Fidele , Tadesse Zebene , Pandey Bikram , Yang Wanqin , Wu Fuzhong , Olatunji Olusanya Abio`udun , Nepal Nirdesh , Uchenna Ochege Friday , Tariq Akash , Zhang Lin , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough substantial information had been generated on the effects of land use change on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) storage, studies are absent on multifactorial effects of land use types, land use age, and elevation on SOC and TN storage. SOC and TN were therefore investigated in 30 field sites comprising natural forests, planted forests, shrub, and grasslands. SOC and TN stocks differed and correlated significantly with land use age; the C stocks correlates significantly with land use change compared the TN stocks. However, there was no relation between the C and N stocks with elevation, implying that SOC and TN are solely dependent on land use age. SOC sequestration potentials of the sampled ecosystems were 345.86, 293.19, 266.45, and 251.23 t ha−1 for the natural forests, planted forests, shrub, and grasslands with total mean value of 289.18 t·ha−1 (1,060.42 t·ha−1 CO2−eq). A significant SOC stock loss (17.96%, 29.80%, and 37.66%) occurred in converting natural forests to planted forests, shrub, and grasslands, whereas gains (27.36%, 14.31%, and 5.71%) would occur in reconverting grassland to natural forests, planted forests, and shrublands. Therefore, the C that was lost during deforestation and conversion of natural forests into other land use types could not match the carbon gains thereafter. Our results suggest that land use change and land use age have influenced soil C and N stocks. Moreover, natural forests are better in ecological conservation and restoration of degraded lands. This study provides baseline information for C and N management in ecologically restored and degraded lands.