bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemically Enabled Intramolecular Aminooxygenation of Alkynes via Amidyl Radical Cyclization
Authors: Hou Zhong‐Wei , Xu Hai‐Chao 
Published: January 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionAn electrochemical synthesis of oxazol‐2‐ones and imidazol‐2‐ones has been developed via 5‐exo‐dig cyclization of propargylic carbamates‐ and ureas‐derived amidyl radicals. The electrosynthesis relies on the dual function of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐ 1‐yl)oxyl (TEMPO) as a redox mediator for amidyl radical formation and an oxygen atom donor. The reactions are conducted under mild conditions using a simple setup and provide convenient access to functionalized oxazol‐2‐ones and imidazol‐2‐ones from readily available materials.
An Investigation on the Production of Random Copolymer with Monothiocarbonate and Trithiocarbonate Units over Cyclic Thiocarbonate via Metal‐free Catalysis
Authors: Yang Jia‐Liang , Hu Lan‐Fang , Cao Xiao‐Han , Wang Ying , Zhang Xing‐Hong 
Published: January 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionSynthesis of poly(thiocarbonate)s from the copolymerization of epoxides and carbon disulfide (CS2) remains a tough challenge, due to inevitable oxygen‐sulfur atom scrambling process. In this work, we utilized the oxygen‐sulfur exchange reaction (O‐S ER) to synthesize a random copolymer with monothiocarbonate and trithiocarbonate units from CS2 and phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) via metal‐free Lewis pairs. The copolymers contained monothiocarbonate and trithiocarbonate units of which the molar fraction could be tuned by varying either the types of Lewis pairs or the reaction temperature. Keeping track on the intermediate provided an insight in the process of O‐S ER and thus gave a hint to control the product structure. Production and consumption of phenyl thioglycidyl ether was the key process to regulate the chain structure. Remarkably, the oxygen atoms of PGE could be excluded out of the chain, resulting in the nearly complete production of poly(trithiocarbonate)s. Correspondingly, the refractive index of this kind of copolymer could be regulated in a wide range of 1.73—1.79 (at 590 nm).
Heterogeneous vestibulocerebellar mossy fiber projections revealed by single axon reconstruction in the mouse
Authors: Ando Takahiro , Ueda Mitsuhito , Luo Yuanjun , Sugihara Izumi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA significant population of neurons in the vestibular nuclei projects to the cerebellum as mossy fibers (MFs) which are involved in the control and adaptation of posture, eye‐head movements, and autonomic function. However, little is known about their axonal projection patterns. We studied the morphology of single axons of medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) neurons as well as those originating from primary afferents, by labeling with biotinylated dextran amine (BDA). MVN axons (n = 35) were classified into three types based on their major predominant termination patterns. The Cbm‐type terminated only in the cerebellum (15 axons), whereas others terminated in the cerebellum and contralateral vestibular nuclei (cVN/Cbm‐type, 13 axons), or in the cerebellum and ipsilateral vestibular nuclei (iVN/Cbm‐type, 7 axons). Cbm‐ and cVN/Cbm‐types mostly projected to the nodulus and uvula without any clear relationship with longitudinal stripes in these lobules. They were often bilateral, and sometimes sent branches to the flocculus and to other vermal lobules. Also, the iVN/Cbm‐type projected mainly to the ipsilateral nodulus. Neurons of these types of axons showed different distribution within the MVN. The number of MF terminals of some vestibulocerebellar axons, iVN/Cbm‐type axons in particular, and primary afferent axons were much smaller than observed in previously studied MF axons originating from major precerebellar nuclei and the spinal cord. The results demonstrated that a heterogeneous population of MVN neurons provided divergent MF inputs to the cerebellum. The cVN/Cbm‐ and iVN/Cbm‐types indicate that some excitatory neuronal circuits within the vestibular nuclei supply their collaterals to the vestibulocerebellum as MFs.
Assessing color of gemstones
Authors: De Meo Silvia , Plutino Alice , Rizzi Alessandro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA precise and shared description of gemstones color could greatly help their classification and market evaluation, and the key to develop an efficient color evaluation system for gemstones is the creation of a common descriptive language and assessment method. Nowadays, there is a lack of standards for the determination of color of gemstones, and traditional color assessment is exclusively based on the direct visual observation in some cases with lenses and microscopes. The underlying problem is that light impinging gemstones, due to their physical characteristics, produce scattering and multiple reflecting phenomena. This puts the process of gemstone color assessment out of the scope of classic colorimetry. What needs to be assessed is the overall appearance of the gemstone and this explain why, so far, it is realized mainly by visual inspection. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the use of color measuring instruments and the visual inspection method for the determination of gems color appearance. We set up a perceptual experiment involving 21 participants to correlate the measured and the perceived colors of a set of gemological samples. Results report the correlations between instrumental measures and the visual assessment of gemstones color appearance and can be a potential base for a future standard method for gemstones color assessment.
On the Role of Water as a Catalyst in Prebiotic Chemistry
Authors: Saa José M. , Frontera Antonio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this manuscript we provide computational support to the catalytic role of water in all kinds of pseudopericyclic reactions operating in the reductive acid cycle, as well as in other metabolic processes. Water catalysis is not limited to those reactions where simple translocation of hydrogen atoms occurs, such as those represented by NuH+E→Nu‐EH general equation. Indeed, water catalysis is more general and extremely important in tautomerization reactions of the type HX−Y=Z→X=Y−ZH, which operate in the reductive citric acid cycle and metabolic processes. Moreover, the comprehensive theoretical study reported herein illustrates that these reactions appear to behave as authentic enzyme‐catalyzed reactions showing Michaelis‐Menten behavior, however with the abnormal singularity that the concentration of the catalytic “water clusters” of different length and nature must be taken as a huge number. Overall, the results presented are suggestive of the workability of the so‐called “metabolism first” proposal in a hot water world, as water catalysis eliminates the dilution problem frequently associated to this proposal.
Usefulness of the newly developed artificial denture plaque for practical denture care training
Authors: Kawanishi Katsuya , Okahashi Tomoe , Aita Hideki , Kan Yuki , Yamazaki Masao , Asahiro Kenya , Oyama Shizue , Ueki Takumi , Sugihara Kana , Chiba Riyo , Yamagata Masa , Matsubara Kunio , Murata Yukie , Shirai Kaname , Kono Mai , Sasaki Mizuho , Toyoshita Yoshifumi , Sakakura Yasunori , Nagasawa Toshiyuki , Koshino Hisashi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the newly developed artificial dental plaque (A‐DP) is useful as an educational tool for denture care of dental hygienist that compared it with conventional artificial dental plaque from the viewpoint of practical skills.Material and methodsThe 125 dental hygienist school students and 26 dental hygienists who had clinical experience were subjected a practical training of denture plaque control using the conventional denture plaque (C‐DP) and the A‐DP. The questionnaires based on the semantic differential method were used to survey whether the A‐DP is similar to the real denture plaque (R‐DP). Factor analysis by rotation of promax was carried out.ResultsIn the results of the factor analysis, the two factors could be detected in students and three factors in dental hygienists. The total score of each denture plaque was calculated for each factor, and correlation coefficient was examined. There was significant correlation between the A‐DP and the R‐DP at the first factors, both students and dental hygienists. C‐DP was not similar to R‐DP in all factors.ConclusionsThese results suggested that A‐DP resembles R‐DP better than C‐DP. It was concluded that the A‐DP was similar to the R‐DP and could be a potent educational tool for practical denture care.
Genetic architecture of polyphenol oxidase activity in wheat flour by genome‐wide association study
Authors: Zhai Shengnan , He Zhonghu , Wen Weie , Liu Jindong , Jin Hui , Yan Jun , Zhang Yong , Zhang Pingzhi , Wan Yingxiu , Xia Xianchun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe primary cause of time‐dependent discoloration in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)‐based products is polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. A comprehensive genetic characterization of PPO activity in wheat could expedite the development of wheat varieties with low PPO activity. To dissect the genetic architecture of PPO activity in wheat flour, a panel of 166 diverse bread wheat cultivars was phenotyped in four different environments and genotyped by high‐density wheat 90K and 660K arrays. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was performed by a mixed linear model that incorporated population structure and relative kinship. Four hundred and sixty‐five stable marker–trait associations representative of 43 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for PPO activity identified in at least two environments were located on all wheat chromosomes except 5A, with each explaining 6.6–32.4% of the phenotypic variance. Based on IWGSC RefSeq v1.0, we found thatQPPO2A.3,QPPO2B.1,QPPO2B.2, andQPPO2D.2were consistent with the previously reported QTL, and 12 QTL located on homoeologous group 1 chromosomes (6 QTL), chromosomes 4B, 4D, and 7A (2 QTL), and chromosome 7B (2 QTL) are likely to be new PPO loci. Based on physical positions of QTL and previous studies,Ppo‐A1,Ppo‐A2,Ppo‐B2,Ppo‐D2,Pinb‐D1, and genes encoding a Cu ion‐binding protein and a Cu‐transporting ATPase RAN1‐like protein were considered as candidates forQPPO2A.3,QPPO2B.1,QPPO2D.2,QPPO5D.1,QPPO4A.2, andQPPO7D.2, respectively. This study provided insights into the molecular basis of wheat PPO activity, and associated markers can be used for selection of low PPO breeding lines as a means of improving the marketing quality of wheat products.
A prospective study on the link between weight‐related self‐stigma and binge eating: Role of food addiction and psychological distress
Authors: Ahorsu Daniel K. , Lin Chung‐Ying , Imani Vida , Griffiths Mark D. , Su Jian‐An , Latner Janet D. , Marshall Rachel D. , Pakpour Amir H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis prospective study investigated the link between weight‐related self‐stigma and binge eating by (a) examining the temporal association between weight‐related self‐stigma and binge eating; (b) investigating the mediating role of food addiction in the association between weight‐related self‐stigma and binge eating; and (c) examining the mediating role of psychological distress in the association between weight‐related self‐stigma and binge eating.MethodParticipants comprised 1,497 adolescents (mean = 15.1 years;SD= 6.0). Body mass index and weight bias were assessed at baseline; psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) assessed and food addiction at 3 months; and binge eating at 6 months. The mediation model was analyzed using Model 4 in the PROCESS macro for SPSS with 10,000 bootstrapping resamples.ResultsThere was no significant direct association between weight‐related self‐stigma and binge eating. However, food addiction and psychological distress significantly mediated the association between weight‐related self‐stigma and binge eating.DiscussionThese findings highlight the indirect association between weight‐related self‐stigma and binge eating via food addiction and psychological distress. Consequently, intervention programs targeting food addiction and psychological distress among adolescents may have significant positive effects on outcomes for weight‐related self‐stigma and binge eating. The findings will be beneficial to researchers and healthcare professionals working with adolescents during this critical developmental period.
PTPRε Acts as a Metastatic Promoter in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Facilitating Recruitment of SMAD3 to TGF‐β Receptor 1
Authors: Liao Zhibin , Chen Lin , Zhang Xuewu , Zhang Hongwei , Tan Xiaolong , Dong Keshuai , Lu Xun , Zhu He , Liu Qiumeng , Zhang Zhanguo , Ding Zeyang , Dong Wei , Zhu Peng , Chu Liang , Liang Huifang , Datta Pran K. , Zhang Bixiang , Chen Xiaoping 
Published: January 2020

Background and Aims
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) suppresses early stages of tumorigenesis, but contributes to the migration and metastasis of cancer cells. However, the role of TGF‐β signaling in invasive prometastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the roles of canonical TGF‐β/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) signaling and identified downstream effectors on HCC migration and metastasis.

Approach and Results
By using in vitro trans‐well migration and invasion assays and in vivo metastasis models, we demonstrated that SMAD3 and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor epsilon (PTPRε) promote migration, invasion, and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Further mechanistic studies revealed that, following TGF‐β stimulation, SMAD3 binds directly to PTPRε promoters to activate its expression. PTPRε interacts with TGFBR1/SMAD3 and facilitates recruitment of SMAD3 to TGFBR1, resulting in a sustained SMAD3 activation status. The tyrosine phosphatase activity of PTPRε is important for binding with TGFBR1, recruitment and activation of SMAD3, and its prometastatic role in vitro. A positive correlation between pSMAD3/SMAD3 and PTPRε expression was determined in HCC samples, and high expression of SMAD3 or PTPRε was associated with poor prognosis of patients with HCC.

Conclusions
PTPRε positive feedback regulates TGF‐β/SMAD3 signaling to promote HCC metastasis.
Six gene and TH2 signature expression in endobronchial biopsies of participants with asthma
Authors: Sánchez‐Ovando Stephany , Baines Katherine J. , Barker Daniel , Wark Peter A. , Simpson Jodie L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundBoth the six gene signature (6GS: CPA3, DNASE1L3, CLC, IL1B, ALPL, and CXCR2) and T‐helper 2 signature (TH2S: CLCA1, SERPINB2, and POSTN) are proposed as biomarkers in the identification of inflammatory phenotypes of asthma in induced sputum and epithelial brushings, respectively. The aim of this study was to explore patterns of gene expression of known signatures, 6GS and TH2S in endobronchial biopsies.MethodsThis was an exploratory cross‐sectional study of gene expression in endobronchial biopsies of 55 adults with asthma and 9 healthy controls (HC). The expression of the 6GS and TH2S was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Correlations with clinical and cellular characteristics were performed, and receiver operating characteristic was utilized to assess signatures' ability to predict asthma from HC and inflammatory phenotypes.ResultsGene expression of DNASE1L3 (P = .045) was upregulated in asthma compared with HC, and IL1B (P = .017) was upregulated in neutrophilic asthma compared with non‐neutrophilic asthma. In asthma, the expression of CPA3 was negatively associated with ICS daily dose (r = −.339; P = .011), IL1B expression was positively associated with bronchial lavage fluid (BLF) total cell count (r = .340; P = .013) and both CLC and POSTN expression were associated with lymphocytes percentage in BLF (r = −.355, P = .009; r = −.300, P = .025, respectively). Both 6GS (area under curve [AUC] = 86.3%; P = .017) and TH2S (AUC = 72.7%; P = .037) could significantly predict asthma from HC. In addition, 6GS can identify neutrophilic (AUC = 93.2%; P = .005) and TH2S identifies eosinophilic (AUC = 62.7%; P = .033) asthma.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThere was increased expression of DNASE1L3 in asthma and IL1B in neutrophilic asthma. These results show similar upregulated patterns of expression in two genes of the 6GS in endobronchial biopsies, previously identified in sputum. The upregulation of DNASE1L3 and IL1B suggests that common mechanisms may be at play throughout the airway.
Ligand‐based pharmacophore modeling and docking studies on vitamin D receptor inhibitors
Authors: Yadav Dharmendra Kumar , Kumar Surendra , Teli Mahesh Kumar , Kim Mi‐Hyun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn recent years, pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking approaches have been extensively used to characterize the structural requirements and explore the conformational space of a ligand in the binding pocket of the selected target protein. Herein, we report a pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking of 45 compounds comprising of the indole scaffold as vitamin D receptor (VDR) inhibitors. Based on the selected best hypothesis (DRRRR.61), an atom‐based three‐dimensional quantitative structure‐activity relationships model was developed to rationalize the structural requirement of biological activity modulating components. The developed model predicted the binding affinity for the training set and test set with R2(training) = 0.8869 and R2(test) = 0.8139, respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking and dynamics simulation were performed to understand the underpinning of binding interaction and stability of selected VDR inhibitors in the binding pocket. In conclusion, the results presented here, in the form of functional and structural data, agreed well with the proposed pharmacophores and provide further insights into the development of novel VDR inhibitors with better activity.
Effects of gill excision and food deprivation on metabolic scaling in the goldfish Carassius auratus
Authors: Xiong Wei , Zhu Yanqiu , Zhu Xiaoling , Li Qian , Luo Yiping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAccording to the metabolic‐level boundaries hypothesis, metabolic level mediates the relative influence of surface area or volume‐related metabolic processes on metabolic scaling in organisms. Therefore, variation in both metabolic level and surface area may affect metabolic scaling. Goldfish were used to determine the influence of both a surgical reduction in respiratory surface area and food deprivation on metabolic scaling exponents (bR). Gill excision did not change resting metabolic rate (RMR) or bR (a common value of 0.895). However, ventilation frequency (VF) increased from 21.6 times min−1 before gill excision to 52.8 times min−1 after gill excision. This suggests that the acceleration of breathing after gill excision offsets the constraints of the respiratory surface area on RMR and results in no influence of surface area reduction on metabolic scaling. In the food deprivation experiment, RMR decreased; however, bR (a common value of 0.872) did not increase. The VFs of the fish at weeks 1 and 2 were approximately 22% and 38% lower than that at Week 0, which may enhance exchange surface area limits and result in no increase in bR with a decreasing RMR induced by food deprivation. The results suggest that food deprivation reduces metabolic level, but does not alter metabolic scaling exponent owing to variation in VF.
Evaluation of the uterine hormonal control of the bat Artibeus lituratus during the different phases of its reproductive cycle
Authors: Santiago Cornélio S. , Albernaz Edna S. S. , Santos Renata T. S. , Guerra Luiz H. A. , Santos Fernanda C. A. , Góes Rejane M. , Morielle‐Versute Eliana , Taboga Sebastião R. , Beguelini Mateus R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractArtibeus lituratus is a frugivorous bat that directly assists in the restoration of degraded habitats through the effective dispersion of seeds and fruits. Given its great importance, this work aimed to evaluate the uterine hormonal control of A. lituratus during its different reproductive phases. The uteri of 30 sexually mature adult females, five specimens for each of the six sample groups (NON, nonreproductive; P1, initial pregnancy; P2, intermediate pregnancy; P3, advanced pregnancy; LAC, lactating; P + LAC, pregnant‐lactating), were submitted to analyses of serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations, in addition to immunohistochemical analyses. Both estradiol and progesterone, gradually increased during pregnancy, with a marked significant increase in P3 females. Both returned to low levels in LAC‐females; however, estradiol levels decreased further in P + LAC‐females, while progesterone increased in the same group. In general, signs indicative of aromatase expression were observed in the endometrium of all analyzed groups and in the placenta of bats in the gestation groups. Similarly, ERα and PR were expressed in the myometrium, endometrium and placenta at varying levels of intensity. The results indicate that the uterine microenvironment of A. lituratus is directly regulated by serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone, and fluctuations in these concentrations control morphological and physiological changes of this organ during different phases of the reproductive cycle.Research highlights
Increases in serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone coordinate the gestational period of A. lituratus.
Estradiol activates ERα, stimulating cell proliferation in the uterus, in addition to activating the expression of PR, which trigger the quiescence of the myometrium and stimulation of the secretion and differentiation of the endometrium.
Results showed several similarities to humans, indicating the use of A. lituratus as an animal model in reproductive studies.
Effect of static‐state fermentation on volatile composition in rapeseed meal
Authors: Hao Yining , Wang Zhigao , Zou Yucheng , He Rong , Ju Xingrong , Yuan Jian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDFermented rapeseed meal has been used as an alternative protein source for animal feed, but the volatile compounds and how their contents change during fermentation have not been reported. To clarify the effect of static‐state fermentation on its aroma, the volatile compounds of rapeseed meal during different stages of fermentation were analyzed using an electronic nose system and headspace solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.RESULTSThe results suggested that the volatile compounds in the raw rapeseed meal, mostly hydrocarbons and some aldehydes, were lost. The levels of the volatile compounds resulting from microbial metabolism, especially pyrazines, greatly increased during fermentation. Nonanal was the dominant volatile measured in the headspace of raw rapeseed meal. However, the volatile compounds found at high concentrations in rapeseed meal after 5 days of fermentation were tetramethylpyrazine, followed by butanoic acid, benzenepropanenitrile, 2‐methylbutanoic acid, trimethylamine, 2,3,5‐trimethyl‐6‐ethylpyrazine, and 2,3,5‐trimethylpyrazine.CONCLUSIONThe fermentation process could significantly change the composition and content of volatile compounds in rapeseed meal. The results may provide reference data for studies on the choice of fermentation period and formation mechanism of flavor substances in fermented rapeseed meal. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry