bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure analysis of surface coating of graphene modified Cr12MoV die steel by induction cladding
Authors: Heping Liu , Shaolei Cheng , Langlang Liu , Fenger Sun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this work, 316 stainless steel powder was used as base powder and graphene was selected as reinforcer. A stainless steel graphene composite coating was successfully prepared by induction cladding on the surface of cold working die steel Cr12MoV. The effects of different coating processes on the microstructure of the coating were investigated by metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results show that the bond strength of the coating and the mold steel substrate is perfect. No significant oxides are present in the grain boundaries. With the raise of induced current, the surface hardness of the composite coating increases gradually. In addition, with the increase of graphene content, the surface hardness of the coating also shows the same upward trend.
Investigating the effect of the conductivity of the electron transportation layer on the organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: chen Jinxiang , Wang Shipan , Zhou Hang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we choose three types of n-doped electron transport layer (ETL) materials with different chemical structures to fabricate only-electron carrier device for studying the conductivity of them, namely, 100 nm ETL1, 40 nm ETL2, and 23 nm ETL3. It is also analyzed that the effect of the potential barrier height on the carrier injection efficiency of the single-carrier device when they directly contact with the electrode having the different work function ITO (indium tin oxide film) electrode. When the thickness of the organic electron transport layer is thin, the current density is mainly limited by the injection barrier in the interface, However, When the thickness of the organic electron transport layer is thick, the organic electron transport layer with very low carrier mobility is a dominant factor in limiting the current through the device. If ETL1 is in contact with a lower work function aluminum electrode relative to the ITO electrode, the effect of the injection limit on the current is weaker. Considering Poole-Frenkel effect and space charge limited current effect, the field strength-dependent carrier mobility of ETL1 material is estimated by linear-fitting the current-electric field characteristic curve of only-electron device. Organic red light-emitting diode is fabricated with ETL1 thicknesses of 10 nm and 100 nm, respectively. For the organic light-emitting device with 100 nm ETL1, it reaches 14.9 cd/A at a current density of 30 mA/cm2 , and the color coordinates is (0.658, 0.341).
The influence of terminal chain on the formation of chiral nematic phase of non-symmetric liquid crystal dimers containing fluorinated units
Authors: Chen Zhu , Zhang Rui , Tian Mei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this study, we have synthesized four fluorine liquid crystals (LCs), termed FA-PD-UBA, FA-PD-PBA, FA-PD-ABA and FA-PD-BA. Through the research on thermal properties and mesophase type of the dimers, we can draw a conclusion that the non-symmetric structure type with flexible terminal chain of appropriate length, may help the dimers to form cholesteric fluorinated liquid crystals.
Effect of melting method on the bio-corrosion resistance of Mg67Zn28Ca5 cast magnesium alloy in simulated body fluid
Authors: Wang Guoqing , Ding Hao , Ding Hongyan , Li Hong , Zhou Guanghong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In recent years, biodegradable magnesium alloys have attracted considerable attention in medical devices, such as permanent implants and stents. However, poor corrosion resistance is a major problem limiting the practical application of magnesium alloys. In this study, Mg67Zn28Ca5 alloys were prepared via two different methods, namely, vacuum induction melting and ulfur hexafluoride shielded melting. The effect of melting method on the bio-corrosion resistance of MgZnCa cast magnesium alloy was also studied. The microstructure and phase composition of Mg67Zn28Ca5 alloys were investigated by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The element distribution and surface morphology of Mg67Zn28Ca5 alloys were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance of Mg67Zn28Ca5 alloys was measured via electrochemical and immersion tests. Results showed uniform composition of the Mg67Zn28Ca5 alloy melted by vacuum induction. Immersed in the simulated body fluid, the corrosion rate of Mg67Zn28Ca5 by vacuum induction melting (0.2618 mm/a) was lower than that by ulfur hexafluoride shielded melting (0.9686 mm/a); the corrosion potential of Mg67Zn28Ca5 melted by vacuum induction (−1313 mV) was nobler than that by ulfur hexafluoride shielded melting (−1483 mV); the corrosion current of Mg67Zn28Ca5 by vacuum induction melting (1.202 × 10−5 A) was lower than that by ulfur hexafluoride shielded melting (4.332 × 10−5 A). The Mg67Zn28Ca5 by vacuum induction melting showed uniform corrosion behavior.
Effects of grading tungsten powders on properties of CuW alloy
Authors: Zou Juntao , Song Dazhuo , Shi Hao , Liang Shuhua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Considering the advantages and disadvantages of CuW alloys with different single particle size of tungsten powder, CuW alloys with three kinds of tungsten powders: ultramicron (50 μm), micron(6–8 μm), submicron(0.4 μm) were prepared by the infiltration method. Microstructure of the CuW alloy with different grading ration of tungsten powder were characterized via field-emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Vacuum electrical breakdown properties were studied by electrical breakdown test. The results shows that the grading tungsten powders can form a variety of W-W sintered necks, strengthen the tungsten skeleton. SEM results show that a suitable ratio of grading tungsten powders can make the infiltrated copper phase more dispersed and uniform. Compared with the tradition CuW alloy, the conductivity is greater than 53.5%IACS, with the lowest hardness of 203HB, the lowest CuW/CrCu bonding strength of 417 MPa and the highest of 495 MPa, the hardness and electrical conductivity increased by 20%–30%, the bonding strength of new CuW/CrCu monolithic materials increased by 20%, vacuum electrical breakdown properties performed good.
In situ decomposition of Ti2AlN promoted interfacial bonding in ZnAl-Ti2AlN biocomposites for bone repair
Authors: Shuai Cijun , Xue Lianfeng , Gao Chengde , Pan Hao , Deng Youwen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this study, in situ decomposition of Ti2AlN was used to obtain strong interfacial bonding in Zn7Al-Ti2AlN composites prepared via laser melting. During the preparation process, the Al atoms in Ti2AlN could diffuse out of the lattice due to the weak bonding between Al and Ti, followed by easily diffusing into the liquid Zn7Al matrix. Consequently, the diffused Al could bond with the Al in Zn7Al matrix owing to their inherent chemical affinity, leading to a strong interfacial bonding in Zn7Al-Ti2AlN composites. This significantly improved the load transfer ability and prohibited the motion of dislocations in the composites. As a result, the hardness and compressive strength of Zn7Al-Ti2AlN composites were enhanced from 74 HV and 155 MPa to 80 HV and 205 MPa, respectively, which were more suitable for bone repair application. What’s more, the composites also showed improved accelerated degradation and cytocompatibility.
Microstructure evolution and grain refinement mechanism of Inconel 601H alloy welded joints under compound physical fields of vibration and rapid cooling
Authors: Shi Fen , Zheng Zhen-tai , He Meng , Guo Dong-hui , Yu Jin-ling , Li Shuai 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The method and mechanism of suppressing grain growth and microstructure coarsening in nickel-based alloy welded joints were studied herein. First, sodium thiosulfate was used to simulate the crystallization processes of the welding pool. Then, on this basis, the compound physical fields of low-frequency mechanical vibration and rapid cooling on the microstructure of the Inconel 601H alloy welded joint were investigated. Finally, the joint grain refinement behavior and mechanism were analyzed based on the experimental and physical simulation results. The experimental results indicate that only the low-frequency mechanical vibration acting in the welding process caused the center of the weld to be mostly composed of equiaxed grains. The epitaxial solidification phenomenon near the fusion line disappeared, but there were still many fine columnar grains in the upper part of the weld edge. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) morphology was eventually dominated by coarse grains, and the width of the HAZ increased. However, with the compound physical fields, the weld was mainly composed of equiaxed grains, and the grain size and width of the HAZ decreased. Thus, an increased hardness distribution was also achieved. Moreover, the γ′ phase exhibited a dispersed distribution and the alloy elements were very uniformly distributed in the γ′ phase, which helped to prevent the initiation of hot cracking of the weld comprising nickel-based alloys. In addition, the results demonstrated that the generation of additional crystal nuclei and the increase in the cooling rate from the compound physical fields were the main mechanisms for the grain refinement.
Numerical linked-cluster expansion for the dissipative XYZ model on a triangular lattice
Authors: Qiao Jiaxin , Chang Weixuan , Li Xinmeng , Jin Jiasen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We generalize the numerical linked-cluster expansion (NLCE) method to study the dissipative quantum many-body system. We apply the NLCE to the triangular strip and two-dimensional lattice system. We investigate the dynamics and steady-state properties of the dissipative XYZ model where the coherent dynamics is governed by the anisotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian while the nonunitary process is induced by the incoherent spin flips. By comparing with the quantum trajectory simulations, the NLCE results show good performance in capturing the dynamics of system with short-range correlations. For strong and long-range correlated system, the larger size clusters in the series should be included. The NLCE study for the magnetic susceptibility also signals the steady-state paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition in the two-dimensional case.
Giant fluctuations in the flow of fluidised soft glassy materials: an elasto-plastic modelling approach
Authors: Goff Magali Le , Bertin Eric , Martens Kirsten 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this work we study the effect of an additional mechanical noise on the rheological features of yield stress materials that exhibit non-homogeneous steady flows. Using a mesoscale elasto-plastic model accounting for a viscosity bifurcation in the flow response to an external shear stress, we find that additional sources of noise can lead to a fluidisation effect. As we increase the noise intensity we evidence a transition from a non-monotonic to a monotonic rheology, associated with giant fluctuations of the macroscopic shear rate and long-time correlated dynamics. Although distinct noise models can lead to different rheological behaviours in the low stress regime, we show that the noise-induced transition from shear-localised to homogeneous flow at higher stresses appears very generic. The observed dynamical features can be interpreted as a result of an out-of-equilibrium phase transition, for which we estimate the critical exponents that appear to be independent of the specific choice of the noise implementation for the microscopic dynamics.
New horizons in supporting older people's health and wellbeing: is social prescribing a way forward?
Authors: Hamilton-West Kate , Milne Alisoun , Hotham Sarah 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Older people’s health and care needs are changing. Increasing numbers live with the combined effects of age-related chronic illness or disability, social isolation and/or poor mental health. Social prescribing has potential to benefit older people by helping those with social, emotional or practical needs to access relevant services and resources within the local community. However, researchers have highlighted limitations with the existing evidence-base, while clinicians express concerns about the quality of onward referral services, liability and upfront investment required. The current article provides a critical review of evidence on social prescribing, drawing on the RE-AIM Framework (Glasgow et al., 1999) to identify questions that will need to be addressed in order to inform both the design and delivery of services and the evolving research agenda around social prescribing. We emphasise the need for researchers and planners to work together to develop a more robust evidence-base, advancing understanding of the impacts of social prescribing (on individuals, services and communities), factors associated with variation in outcomes and strategies needed to implement effective and sustainable programmes. We also call on policymakers to recognise the need for investment in allied initiatives to address barriers to engagement in social prescribing programmes, provide targeted support for carers and improve access to older adult mental health services. We conclude that social prescribing has potential to support older people’s health and wellbeing, but this potential will only be realised through strategic alignment of research, local level implementation and national policy and investment.
TdT Expression Is a Marker of Better Survival in Merkel Cell Carcinoma, and Expression of B-Cell Markers Is Associated With Merkel Cell Polyomavirus
Authors: Hoang Mai P , Donizy Piotr , Wu Cheng-Lin , Kopczynski Janusz , Pieniazek Malgorzata , Miller David M , Ryś Janusz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesMerkel cell carcinoma is a rare but very aggressive cutaneous tumor. We evaluated the prognostic potential of B-cell markers (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase [TdT], PAX5, CD117), follicular stem cell markers (CK15, CK19), p63, p53, RB, and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV; CM2B4) in 136 primary cutaneous Merkel cell carcinomas.MethodsClinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. The results were correlated with patient outcomes by Fisher exact test, log-rank tests, and Cox multivariate models.ResultsBy Fisher exact test, although TdT significantly correlated with both lack of progression (P = .0087) and alive status (P = .0056), MCPyV status correlated only with alive status (P = .031). In univariate analyses, TdT, MCPyV, and RB significantly correlated with improved overall survival, whereas p63 and CK15 correlated with worse overall survival. However, in multivariate analyses, only TdT expression remained as an independent predictor of improved overall survival, Merkel cell carcinoma-specific survival, and progression-free survival. By linear regression analyses, significant correlations between MCPyV vs TdT, PAX5, and CD117 were observed.ConclusionsTdT expression is a potential marker of better survival in Merkel cell carcinoma. Expression of B-cell markers is associated with MCPyV, suggesting that clonal viral integration might play a role in the expression of these markers.
Are thick leaves, large mesophyll cells and small intercellular air spaces requisites for CAM?
Authors: Herrera Ana 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
It is commonly accepted that the leaf of a crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant is thick, with large mesophyll cells and vacuoles that can accommodate the malic acid produced during the night. The link between mesophyll characteristics and CAM mode, whether obligate or C3/CAM, was evaluated.

Methods
Published values of the carbon isotopic ratio (δ 13C) as an indicator of CAM, leaf thickness, leaf micrographs and other evidence of CAM operation were used to correlate cell density, cell area, the proportion of intercellular space in the mesophyll (IAS) and the length of cell wall facing the intercellular air spaces (Lmes/A) with CAM mode.

Key Results
Based on 81 species and relatively unrelated families (15) belonging to nine orders, neither leaf thickness nor mesophyll traits helped explain the degree of CAM expression. A strong correlation was found between leaf thickness and δ 13C in some species of Crassulaceae and between leaf thickness and nocturnal acid accumulation in a few obligate CAM species of Bromeliaceae but, when all 81 species were pooled together, no significant changes with δ 13C were observed in cell density, cell area, IAS or Lmes/A.

Conclusions
An influence of phylogeny on leaf anatomy was evidenced in a few cases but this precluded generalization for widely separate taxa containing CAM species. The possible relationships between leaf anatomy and CAM mode should be interpreted cautiously.
VYC-25L Hyaluronic Acid Injectable Gel Is Safe and Effective for Long-Term Restoration and Creation of Volume of the Lower Face
Authors: Ogilvie Patricia , Benouaiche Laurence , Philipp-Dormston Wolfgang G , Belhaouari Lakhdar , Gaymans Frodo , Sattler Gerhard , Harvey Candice , Schumacher Andrew 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Juvéderm Volux (VYC-25L; Allergan plc) is an injectable hyaluronic acid gel designed to restore and create facial volume.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Volux for chin retrusion over 18 months and after repeat treatment.

Methods
This prospective, single-blind, controlled study enrolled subjects aged ≥18 years with chin retrusion (glabella-subnasale-pogonion facial angle 145°-165°). Subjects were randomized (3:1) to Volux at study onset or 3 months later (control group), and could receive a single repeat treatment during months 18 to 24. Assessments included mean facial-angle change from baseline, Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) responder rates (improved/much improved), improvements in 3 subject-reported FACE-Q scales, and safety.

Results
Of 132 enrolled subjects, 119 received initial Volux treatment and 89 received repeat treatment. Mean changes (95% confidence interval) in glabella-subnasale-pogonion angle from baseline for treatment and control groups, respectively, were: 1.15° (0.75°, 1.56°) and 1.16° (0.57°, 1.75°) at month 18, and 3.14° (2.68°, 3.61°) and 2.72° (1.78°, 3.66°) 1 month after repeat treatment. Investigators rated 52.5%/60.0% of treated/control subjects at month 18 and 96.9%/100% after retreatment as GAIS responders; subject-reported rates were 62.0%/64.0% and 93.8%/100%. Durable improvements in Satisfaction with Chin, Satisfaction with Lower Face and Jawline, and Psychological Well-Being were reported in 82.1%, 78.2%, and 60.3% of subjects, respectively, at month 18, and 92.3%, 93.8%, and 67.7% of subjects after retreatment. The safety profile was as expected.

Conclusions
Volux injectable gel is a safe, effective, and durable alternative to surgical treatments for increasing chin projection and jaw volume, and results in high patient satisfaction.

Level of Evidence: 2
GSOAP: a tool for visualization of gene set over-representation analysis
Authors: Tokar Tomas , Pastrello Chiara , Jurisica Igor 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Gene sets over-representation analysis (GSOA) is a common technique of enrichment analysis that measures the overlap between a gene set and selected instances (e.g. pathways). Despite its popularity, there is currently no established standard for visualization of GSOA results.

Results
Here, we propose a visual exploration of the GSOA results by showing the relationships among the enriched instances, while highlighting important instance attributes, such as significance, closeness (centrality) and clustering.

Availability and implementation
GSOAP is implemented as an R package and is available at https://github.com/tomastokar/gsoap.
G4Killer web application: a tool to design G-quadruplex mutations
Authors: Brazda Vaclav , Kolomaznik Jan , Mergny Jean-Louis , Stastny Jiri 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Motivation
G-quadruplexes (G4) are important regulatory non-B DNA structures with therapeutic potential. A tool for rational design of mutations leading to decreased propensity for G4 formation should be useful in studying G4 functions. Although tools exist for G4 prediction, no easily accessible tool for the rational design of G4 mutations has been available.

Results
We developed a web-based tool termed G4Killer that is based on the G4Hunter algorithm. This new tool is a platform-independent and user-friendly application to design mutations crippling G4 propensity in a parsimonious way (i.e., keeping the primary sequence as close as possible to the original one). The tool is integrated into our DNA analyzer server and allows for generating mutated DNA sequences having the desired lowered G4Hunter score with minimal mutation steps.

Availability and implementation
The G4Killer web tool can be accessed at: http://bioinformatics.ibp.cz.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Facultative sociality in a subterranean rodent, the highland tuco-tuco (Ctenomys opimus)
Authors: O’Brien Shannon L , Tammone Mauro N , Cuello Pablo A , Lacey Eileen A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnderstanding why social relationships vary among conspecifics is central to studies of animal behaviour. For many species, patterns of space use provide important insights into social behaviour. To characterize the social organization of the highland tuco-tuco (Ctenomys opimus), we used visual observations and radiotelemetry to quantify spatial relationships among adults in a population at Laguna de los Pozuelos, Jujuy Province, Argentina. Specifically, we sought to confirm anecdotal reports that these subterranean rodents are social, meaning that adults share burrow systems and nest sites. Our data indicate that the animals live in spatially distinct groups, although the number of individuals per group varies markedly. Although these relationships were robust with regard to location (above vs. below ground) and type of data (visual vs. telemetry), some groups identified during the daytime fissioned during the night. We suggest that the population of C. opimus at Pozuelos is facultatively social, meaning that individuals display predictable, adaptive differences in social relationships with conspecifics. More generally, our findings add to the growing number of subterranean species of rodents recognized as social, thereby generating new opportunities for comparative studies of these animals aimed at assessing the causes and consequences of variation in social organization.
A Simple, Rapid Method for Paper Chromatography of Barbiturates
Authors: Waddell William J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Barbiturates are extracted quantitatively into ethyl ether from biologic fluids buffered to pH 6. A measured portion of the ether extract is then impinged to dryness and the residue spotted on Whatman No. 2 paper that has been previously dipped in alkali and dried. The paper is developed by descending chromatography with chloroform saturated with water. The barbiturate may then be located and a quantitative estimate made by viewing with a mercury lamp; it may also be eluted into an alkaline buffer and ultraviolet spectra determined at several pH's. The extraction from the biologic fluid and development of the chromatogram may be accomplished in about 2 hr.
A Rapid Modification of the Cephalin Cholesterol Flocculation Test
Authors: Rosenberg Arthur A , Eimann Lucille G , O'Leary John 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A modification of the Hanger (1) cephalin cholesterol flocculation test is described in which the degree of flocculation is determined by instrumental turbidimetric analysis following 4 hr. of cold incubation, centrifugation, and resuspension of sedimented particles. Results of this procedure and the Hanger test are compared.