bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anogenital High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Comorbid With Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus and Lichen Planus
Authors: Lin Angela , Day Tania , Ius Yvette , Scurry James 
Published: April 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to describe the clinicopathologic features of vulvovaginal or anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) comorbid with lichen sclerosus and/or lichen planus (LS/LP).

Methods
The local pathology database identified 37 consecutive cases from 2007 to 2019 of vulvar, vaginal, or anal HSIL among women who had a histopathologic diagnosis of vulvar LS/LP. Cases had p16 and p53 immunoperoxidase stains. Clinical data included age, relative location of HSIL and LS/LP, immune-modifying conditions, tobacco use, treatment type, and follow-up. Histopathologic data included HSIL morphology categorized as warty-basaloid or keratinizing, p16 and p53 patterns within HSIL, and features of LS/LP.

Results
The mean age was 69 years with a median follow-up up 42 months. Lichen sclerosus, alone or in combination with LP, was the comorbid dermatosis in 89%. Lichen sclerosus/lichen planus was overlapping or adjacent to HSIL in two-thirds of cases and located separately in the remainder. Rates of tobacco use and immunologic dysfunction were each 40%. In cases of co-located LS and HSIL, sclerosis was absent under the neoplasia in 57%. Twenty-four percent of HSIL cases showed keratinizing morphology; block-positive p16 and suprabasilar-dominant p53 helped distinguish HSIL from human papillomavirus–independent neoplasia.

Conclusions
Histopathologic identification of comorbid HSIL and LS/LP may be challenging because of keratinizing morphology and loss of diagnostic features of LS. Clinicopathologic correlation and use of p16 and p53 are essential to achieve an accurate diagnosis and enact disease-specific management plans.
The Relation of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Pediatric Patients With Recurrent Otitis Media: A Nested Case-control Study Using a National Sample Cohort
Authors: Choi Hyo Geun , Min Chanyang , Lee Chang Ho , Kim So Young 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
The risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) was suggested to be increased in chronic otitis media patients. This study expanded previous findings by using pediatric patients with recurrent otitis media.

Study Design:
A nested case-control study.

Setting:
Participants in the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort that were less than 15 years old from 2002 to 2004 were included.

Patients:
Overall, 24,226 patients with ≥ 5 instances of otitis media were 1:1 matched with a group controlled for age, sex, income, and region of residence.

Main Outcome Measure:
The occurrence of SSNHL was followed until 2013. The hazard ratio (HR) for SSNHL was analyzed in the otitis media patients using a stratified Cox proportional hazard regression model. Matching variables were stratified. The histories of sinusitis and atopic dermatitis were adjusted. Subgroup analysis was performed according to age and sex.

Results:
Overall, 0.14% (33/24,226) of the otitis media group and 0.06% (14/24,226) of the control group had SSNHL (p = 0.006). The otitis media group had a higher adjusted HR for SSNHL than the control group (adjusted HR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.13–4.02). According to age, the 10- to 14-year-old group showed a 9.07-fold higher HR for SSNHL than the control group (95% CI = 1.14–72.54). According to sex, the female group showed a 3.74-fold higher HR for SSNHL than the control group (95% CI = 1.24–11.29).

Conclusion:
Recurrent otitis media in children was related to the onset of SSNHL.
Treating the Individual Ear in Children: Results of Cochlear Implantation in Children With Asymmetric Sensory Hearing Loss
Authors: Perkins Elizabeth L. , Nguyen Michelle , Woodard Jennifer , O’Connell Brendan P. , Dedmon Matthew M. , Brown Kevin D. 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
Determine speech outcomes of children undergoing cochlear implantation with severe-to-profound hearing loss in the implanted ear and moderate or better hearing loss in nonimplanted ear.

Study Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Forty-nine children with severe-to-profound hearing loss in the ear to be implanted (pure-tone average), and no worse than moderate hearing loss in the nonimplant ear.

Intervention:
Subjects underwent cochlear implantation from 2007 and 2017 in the ear with severe-to-profound hearing loss.

Main Outcome Measures:
Consonant Nucleus Consonant or Phonetically Balanced Kindergarten word scores pre- and postoperatively were compared in both the implanted ear and binaural setting. Comparisons were made between Phonetically Balanced Kindergarten scores pre- and postoperatively or Consonant Nucleus Consonant scores pre- and postoperatively.

Results:
The average pure-tone average for the implant ear was 92 ± 13 dB HL and 55 ± 12 dB HL in the nonimplant ear. Word scores for the implant ear increased an average of 58 (±27) % following cochlear implantation at 12 months and 62 (±20) % at 24 months. Binaural best-aided word scores increased an average of 36 (±29) % at 12 months and 49 (±24) % at 24 months.

Conclusion:
Children with asymmetric sensory hearing loss should have each ear treated individually as significant benefits can be gained not only in the implanted ear, but also in binaural hearing.
Development of a 60/60 Guideline for Referring Adults for a Traditional Cochlear Implant Candidacy Evaluation
Authors: Zwolan Teresa A. , Schvartz-Leyzac Kara C. , Pleasant Terrence 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the effectiveness of a 60/60 referral guideline for identifying patients who should be referred for a cochlear implant candidacy evaluation (CICE), which states patients should be referred if they demonstrate a best ear unaided monosyllabic word score less than or equal to 60% correct and if they demonstrate an unaided pure-tone average in their better ear that is greater than or equal to 60 dB HL.

Study Design:
Retrospective review of data from adults who participated in a CICE.

Setting:
A single tertiary medical facility.

Patients:
Five hundred twenty-nine patients who participated in a CICE.

Intervention:
CICEs included unaided threshold assessment, unaided speech recognition, and aided word and sentence testing.

Main Outcome Measure:
Ninety-five percent of patients who met traditional indications for a cochlear implant (n = 250) had a pure-tone average that was greater than or equal to 60 dB, while 92% had a better ear unaided monosyllabic word score that was less than or equal to 60%.

Results:
If used as a screening measure, the 60/60 measure resulted in a 96% detection rate and a 34% false-positive rate for identifying adults who would meet traditional indications for a cochlear implant.

Conclusions:
Hearing professionals should consider referring patients for a CICE when they meet the 60/60 guideline. It is hoped that provision of this guideline will result in greater numbers of adults being referred for CICEs, improving access to cochlear implants for patients who may benefit from this important technology.
Importance of Video Head Impulse Test Parameters for Recovery of Symptoms in Acute Vestibular Neuritis
Authors: Lee Jung-Yup , Kim Min-Beom 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
To examine the importance of video head impulse test parameter for recovery of symptoms in acute vestibular neuritis (AVN).

Study Design:
Prospective study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral hospital.

Patients/Interventions:
Twenty-seven patients with AVN were enrolled. We divided patients into two groups according to both dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) score and visual analog scale (VAS) at 6 months: Group F (symptoms free), DHI = 0 and VAS = 0; Group R (symptoms residual), DHI more than zero or VAS more than zero.

Main Outcome Measure:
All patients underwent video head impulse test paradigm (HIMP), and suppression head impulse test paradigm (SHIMP) initially and at 1 month. Patients were also asked to complete DHI and VAS initially, at 1 month and 6 months. We compared measured parameters between Group F and R.

Results:
In HIMP, Group F showed higher vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) gain, higher occurrence of covert corrective saccade (CS), lower occurrence and peak velocity of overt CS, and lower PR score than Group R at 1 month. In SHIMP, Group F showed higher VOR gain, higher occurrence and peak velocity of anti-CS, and higher PR score than Group R at 1 month.

Conclusions:
Above parameters of both HIMP and SHIMP at 1 month would be important factors to predict the residual symptoms in chronic phase of AVN.
Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Schöffel Norman , Brüggmann Dörthe , Klingelhöfer Doris , Bendels Michael H.K. , Groneberg David A. 
Published: April 2020

Background and Aims:
Despite decades of effort, numerous aspects on ulcerative colitis (UC) remain unknown and require further investigation. Scientists experience numerous challenges to survey >40,000 items that have been published on UC since 1900, to evaluate their scientific impact or to identify collaborative networks publishing the most relevant work. Hence, no current, detailed and comprehensive knowledge regarding the worldwide research architecture of UC has been established until now.

Methods:
We conducted a scientometric study employing the previously validated NewQIS (New Quality and Quantity Indices in Science) platform to quantify the global research activity in the field of UC. Hereby, the total research productivity, scientific output of countries, individual institutions, authors, journals, their collaborative networks as well as semiqualitative aspects were assessed. Results were visualized via state-of-the-art density-equalizing mapping projections.

Results:
The United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom play leading roles regarding scientific activity, multilateral and bilateral cooperations. Within the past decades, research on UC diversified into a field covering numerous subject areas. Recently published studies predict that the scientific progress will be mainly depending on international cooperations; we can confirm that development by now.

Conclusions:
Scientometrics proofed to be a useful methodical approach to evaluate quantitative and semiqualitative aspects regarding UC. Also, we conclude that the influence of international cooperations on the scientific progress in the field of UC is constantly progressing.
The Association Between Evidence-Based Decision Making and Accreditation of State Health Departments
Authors: Erwin Paul Campbell , Padek Margaret M. , Allen Peg , Smith Romario , Brownson Ross C. 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
To assess the association between evidence-based decision making, including implementation of evidence-based interventions (EBIs), with accreditation of state health departments through the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB).

Design:
This was a cross-sectional, electronic survey of state health department practitioners. We utilized a survey instrument focused on evidence-based public health, de-implementation, and sustainability of public health programs. Survey questions were organized into 6 domains: (1) demographic information; (2) individual-level skills; (3) decision making on programs ending; (4) decision making on programs continuing; (5) organization/agency capacity; and (6) external influences.

Participants:
The targeted practitioners were randomly selected from the 3000-person membership of National Association of Chronic Disease Directors and program manager lists from key Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–supported programs in cancer and cancer risk factors. The final target audience for the survey totaled 1329 practitioners, representing all 50 states.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
The main outcome measures included the strength of association between a state's PHAB accreditation status and variables related to evidence-based public health and use of EBIs that fell within the individual participant skills, organization/agency capacity, and external influences domains.

Results:
We received 643 valid responses (response rate = 48.4%), representing all 50 states, with 35 states being PHAB accredited. There was a statistically significant association between PHAB accreditation and state health department use of quality improvement processes (P = .002), leadership plans to implement EBIs (P = .009), and leadership reactions to EBI implementation issues (P = .004). Respondents from PHAB-accredited states were significantly more likely than participants from nonaccredited states to report greater engagement with legislators and governors regarding EBIs and 14% less likely to report the inappropriate termination of programs in their work unit (P = .05).

Conclusions:
The importance of accreditation relates to both internally focused functions and externally focused activities, especially regarding policy-related impact.
Developing Future Public Health Leaders Trained in Long-term Care Administration
Authors: Little N. Ruth Gaskins , Welsh Polly , Sholar Adam 
Published: April 2020

Background:
America's population is rapidly aging. Long-term care leaders have not been considered part of the public health workforce. The enumeration of long-term care into the public health workforce taxonomy has not occurred. This article examines the extent of graduate public health education oriented to long-term care and provides a case study of a successful curriculum at East Carolina University (ECU).

Method:
Web sites displaying the curriculum of 135 graduate programs/schools accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH) were analyzed for graduate long-term care orientation. A case-study approach was used to describe the integration of long-term care into the Master of Public Health (MPH) Health Policy Administration & Leadership concentration at ECU.

Results:
A review of 135 CEPH graduate MPH programs from January to July 2019 found that only 8 institutions offered graduate courses in long-term care administration. Of the 8, ECU Brody School of Medicine Department of Public Health was the only program directly linking coursework to licensure as a long-term care administrator. Program graduates total 30, which include 5 MPH students currently completing their Administrator in Training. At time of graduation, 17 students had obtained North Carolina licensure.

Conclusions:
Because of increases in population aging, this requires a public health workforce with skills and training in the care of older adults. Formal recognition of long-term care workers as an integral part of the public health workforce is needed. The Institute of Medicine called for this action more than a decade ago.
Evaluation of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Burn Survivors Undergoing Reconstructive Surgery in the Rehabilitative Period
Authors: Sheckter Clifford C. , Carrougher Gretchen J. , McMullen Kara , Bamer Alyssa , Friedstat Jonathan , Pham Tam N. , Gibran Nicole S. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Health-related quality of life is decreased in burn survivors, with scars implicated as a cause. The authors aim to characterize the use of reconstructive surgery following hospitalization and determine whether patient-reported outcomes change over time. The authors hypothesized improvement in health-related quality of life following reconstructive surgery.

Methods:
Adult burn survivors undergoing reconstructive surgery within 24 months after injury were extracted from a prospective, longitudinal database from 5 U.S. burn centers (Burn Model System). Surgery was classified by problem as follows: scar, contracture, and open wound. The authors evaluated predictors of surgery using logistic regression. Short Form-12/Veterans RAND 12 health survey outcomes at 6, 12, and 24 months were compared at follow-up intervals and matched with nonoperated participants using propensity score matching.

Results:
Three hundred seventy-two of 1359 participants (27.4 percent) underwent one or more reconstructive operation within 24 months of injury. Factors that increased the likelihood of surgery included number of operations during index hospitalization (p < 0.001), hand (p = 0.001) and perineal involvement (p = 0.042), and range-of-motion limitation at discharge (p < 0.001). Compared to the physical component scores of peers who were not operated on, physical component scores increased for participants undergoing scar operations; however, these gains were only significant for those undergoing surgery more than 6 months after injury (p < 0.05). Matched physical component scores showed nonsignificant differences following contracture operations. Mental component scores were unchanged or lower following scar and contracture surgery.

Conclusions:
Participants requiring more operations during index admission were more likely to undergo reconstructive surgery. There were improvements in Short Form-12/Veterans RAND 12 scores for those undergoing scar operations more than 6 months after injury, although contracture operations were not associated with significant differences in Short Form-12/Veterans RAND 12 scores.
Childhood Adversity and Pubertal Development Among Puerto Rican Boys and Girls
Authors: Suglia Shakira F. , Chen Chen , Wang Shuang , Cammack Alison L. , April-Sanders Ayana K. , McGlinchey Eleanor L. , Kubo Ai , Bird Hector , Canino Glorisa , Duarte Cristiane S. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
Evidence stemming largely from retrospective studies suggests that childhood adversity (CA) is associated with earlier age at menarche, a marker of pubertal timing, among girls. Little is known about associations with pubertal tempo among boys or racial/ethnic minorities. We examined the association between CA and timing and tempo of pubertal development among boys and girls.

Methods
The Boricua Youth Study is a longitudinal study of Puerto Rican youth residing in the San Juan metro area in Puerto Rico and the South Bronx, New York. CA was based on caretaker reports of parental loss and parental maladjustment and youth reports of child maltreatment and exposure to violence. Youth completed the Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) yearly for 3 years. In linear mixed models stratified by sex, we examined the association between CA and pubertal timing and tempo, adjusting for site, socioeconomic status, and age.

Results
Among the 1949 children who were 8 years or older by wave 3, cumulative CA was associated with higher PDS scores among girls compared with girls not exposed to CA (PDS score: 2.63 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 2.55–2.71] versus 2.48 [95% CI = 2.37–2.58]). In contrast, among boys, experiencing adversities was associated with lower pubertal developmental stage or later timing (PDS: 1.77 [95% CI = 1.67–1.87] versus 1.97 [95% CI = 1.85–2.10]) compared with those not exposed to adversities.

Conclusions
Associations between CA and pubertal development may vary by sex. Understanding the etiological role of adversities on pubertal development and identifying targets for intervention are of utmost importance in ameliorating the impact of CA on child health.
Acute infectious myelopathies
Authors: Isada Carlos M. , Miller Ryan 
Published: April 2020

Purpose of review
The patient who presents with an acute spinal cord syndrome with weakness/paralysis of the limbs presents a diagnostic. Two important syndromes are acute transverse myelitis (ATM) and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Both can be caused by a number of infectious and noninfectious causes. Since 2014 there have been outbreaks of acute flaccid myelitis (a subgroup of AFP) in the United States, with a national surveillance program underway. In addition, there have been increasing reports of ATM from new and emerging pathogens, and opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts.

Recent findings
Infectious causes of ATM or AFP need to be ruled out first. There may be important clues to an infectious cause from epidemiologic risk factors, immune status, international travel, MRI, and laboratory findings. We summarize key features for the more common pathogens in this review. Advances in laboratory testing have improved the diagnostic yield from cerebrospinal fluid, including real-time polymerase chain reaction, metagenomic next-generation sequencing, and advanced antibody detection techniques. These tests still have limitations and require clinical correlation.

Summary
We present a syndromic approach to infectious myelopathies, focusing on clinical patterns that help narrow the diagnostic possibilities.
CNS infections in HIV
Authors: Thakur Kiran T. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose of review
Central nervous system (CNS) infections associated with HIV remain significant contributors to morbidity and mortality, particularly among people living with HIV (PLWH) in resource-limited settings worldwide. In this review, we discuss several recent important scientific discoveries in the prevention, diagnosis, and management around two of the major causes of CNS opportunistic infections-tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and cryptococcal meningitis including immune reconstitution syndrome (IRIS) associated with cryptococcal meningitis. We also discuss the CNS as a possible viral reservoir, highlighting Cerebrospinal fluid viral escape.

Recent findings
CNS infections in HIV-positive people in sub-Saharan Africa contribute to 15–25% of AIDS-related deaths. Morbidity and mortality in those is associated with delays in HIV diagnosis, lack of availability for antimicrobial treatment, and risk of CNS IRIS. The CNS may serve as a reservoir for replication, though it is unclear whether this can impact peripheral immunosuppression.

Summary
Significant diagnostic and treatment advances for TBM and cryptococcal meningitis have yet to impact overall morbidity and mortality according to recent data. Lack of early diagnosis and treatment initiation, and also maintenance on combined antiretroviral treatment are the main drivers of the ongoing burden of CNS opportunistic infections. The CNS as a viral reservoir has major potential implications for HIV eradication strategies, and also control of CNS opportunistic infections.
Effects of Laughter Therapy on Life Satisfaction and Loneliness in Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes in Turkey: A Parallel Group Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kuru Alici Nilgün , Zorba Bahceli Pınar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Purpose
This study examined the effects of laughter therapy on life satisfaction and loneliness in older adults living in nursing homes.

Design
A single-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials NCT 03687788) with a pretest–posttest design was conducted.

Methods
There were 31 experimental participants and 31 controls. The experimental group received laughter therapy twice a week for 6 weeks, along with usual care. The control group received usual care only. Loneliness was measured with the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, and life satisfaction was measured with the Satisfaction With Life Scale.

Findings
After 6 weeks, there was a statistically significant difference in De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale total score between the two groups, and the subscale scores of the experimental group decreased.

Conclusions
Laughter therapy may reduce loneliness in older adults.

Clinical Relevance
Healthcare professionals, especially nurses, can potentially use laughter therapy to reduce loneliness in older adults.
Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) for Use in Temporizing Intra-Abdominal and Pelvic Hemorrhage: Physiologic Sequelae and Considerations
Authors: Brenner Megan , Moore Laura , Dubose Joseph , Scalea Thomas 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
REBOA has been used for several years by acute care surgeons for temporization of intra-abdominal, pelvic, and junctional hemorrhage. The physiology and consequences of aortic occlusion in these patients are largely unstudied.