bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling Photosynthesis with ZnII‐Protoporphyrin All‐DNA G‐Quadruplex/Aptamer Scaffolds
Authors: Luo Guo‐Feng , Biniuri Yonatan , Chen Wei‐Hai , Wang Jianbang , Neumann Ehud , Marjault Henri‐Baptiste , Nechushtai Rachel , Winkler Martin , Happe Thomas , Willner Itamar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAll‐DNA scaffolds act as templates for the organization of photosystem I model systems. A series of DNA templates composed of ZnII‐protoporphyrin IX (ZnIIPPIX)‐functionalized G‐quadruplex conjugated to the 3′‐ or 5′‐end of the tyrosinamide (TA) aptamer and ZnIIPPIX/G‐quadruplex linked to the 3′‐ and 5′‐ends of the TA aptamer through a four‐thymidine bridge. Effective photoinduced electron transfer (ET) from ZnIIPPIX/G‐quadruplex to bipyridinium‐functionalized tyrosinamide, TA‐MV2+, bound to the TA aptamer units is demonstrated. The effectiveness of the primary ET quenching of ZnIIPPIX/G‐quadruplex by TA‐MV2+ controls the efficiency of the generation of TA‐MV+.. The photosystem‐controlled formation of TA‐MV+. by the different photosystems dictates the secondary activation of the ET cascade corresponding to the ferredoxin‐NADP+ reductase (FNR)‐catalysed reduction of NADP+ to NADPH by TA‐MV+., and the sequestered alcohol dehydrogenase catalysed reduction of acetophenone to 1‐phenylethanol by NADPH.
Molecular Design of Highly Efficient Heavy‐Atom‐Free Triplet BODIPY Derivatives for Photodynamic Therapy and Bioimaging
Authors: Nguyen Van‐Nghia , Yim Yubin , Kim Sangin , Ryu Bokyeong , Swamy K. M. K. , Kim Gyoungmi , Kwon Nahyun , Kim C‐Yoon , Park Sungnam , Yoon Juyoung 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNovel BODIPY photosensitizers were developed for imaging‐guided photodynamic therapy. The introduction of a strong electron donor to the BODIPY core through a phenyl linker combined with the twisted arrangement between the donor and the BODIPY acceptor is essential for reducing the energy gap between the lowest singlet excited state and the lowest triplet state (ΔEST), leading to a significant enhancement in the intersystem crossing (ISC) of the BODIPYs. Remarkably, the BDP‐5 with the smallest ΔEST (ca. 0.44 eV) exhibited excellent singlet oxygen generation capabilities in both organic and aqueous solutions. BDP‐5 also displayed bright emission in the far‐red/near‐infrared region in the condensed states. More importantly, both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that BDP‐5 NPs displayed a high potential for photodynamic cancer therapy and bioimaging.
High‐performance sodium polyacrylate nanocomposites developed by using ionic liquid covalently modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Yuan Xiang , Liu Honglin , Yu Hang , Ding Weijie , Li Yue , Wang Jikui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIonic liquids grafted with multiwalled‐nanotubes (CNTBr/NTf2), involving hydrophilic bromide salt and hydrophobic bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide salt, were prepared by amidation, followed by an easy solution‐casting method of blending CNTBr/NTf2 with sodium polyacrylate (PAA) as well as crosslinking agent (XR‐100) to form PAA hybrid nanocomposites. The uniform dispersion of CNTBr/NTf2 were analyzed by TEM. The defects and physical properties of fillers were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, Contact angle test, and TGA. Furthermore, microstructures of hybrid nanocomposites were characterized by SEM, from which it can be found that fillers were homogeneously distributed in the PAA matrix. CNTBr/NTf2 significantly improved the mechanical properties and tensile fatigue resistance, as well as offered tunable swelling behavior of PAA nanocomposites without wasting too much of thermal stability. This study offers a simple approach to develop multifunctional materials based on ionic liquids covalently modified MWCNTs PAA nanocomposites.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Prevalence in Children Aged 12–13 Years From the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
Authors: May Tamara , Brignell Amanda , Williams Katrina 
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to provide an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence update from parent and teacher report using the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). The LSAC is a prospective cohort study of Australian children representative of the population with two cohorts: Kinder (birth year 1999/2000) and Birth cohort (birth year 2003/2004). Children in the Birth and Kinder cohort with parent‐ and teacher‐reported ASD prevalence were compared to children without ASD. There were N = 3,381 (66%) responding in the Birth cohort at age 12 and N = 3,089 (62%) for the Kinder cohort at age 16. Quality of life was measured by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and emotional/behavior problems using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Parent‐reported ASD prevalence increased to 4.36% [95% CI 3.56–5.19] at age 12–13 years in the Birth cohort and 2.60% [95% CI 2.07–3.31] in the Kinder cohort. Kinder cohort ASD children had more parent‐ and teacher‐reported social problems, and lower parent‐reported social and psychosocial quality of life. As expected, parent‐reported ASD prevalence continued to rise. The higher prevalence in the Birth cohort may relate to milder cases of ASD being diagnosed. Autism Res 2020, 13: 821–827. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryParent‐reported ASD prevalence in 2016 in 12‐year‐old children from the Birth cohort of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children was 4.4%, and higher than the 2.6% in the earlier born Kinder cohort. The Birth cohort had a milder presentation with fewer social, emotional, and behavioral problems than the Kinder cohort. Milder cases of ASD are being diagnosed in Australia resulting in one of the highest reported prevalence rates in the world.
Identification of a novel repressor encoded by the putative gene ctf1 for cellulase biosynthesis in Trichoderma reesei through artificial zinc finger engineering
Authors: Meng Qing‐Shan , Zhang Fei , Liu Chen‐Guang , Zhao Xin‐Qing , Bai Feng‐Wu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStrains from Trichoderma reesei have been used for cellulase production with a long history. It has been well known that cellulase biosynthesis by the fungal species is controlled through regulators, and elucidation of their regulation network is of great importance for engineering T. reesei with robust cellulase production. However, progress in this regard is still very limited. In this study, T. reesei RUT‐C30 was transformed with an artificial zinc finger protein (AZFP) library, and the mutant T. reesei M2 with improved cellulase production was screened. Compared to its parent strain, the filter paper activity and endo‐β‐glucanase activity in cellulases produced by T. reesei M2 increased 67.2% and 35.3%, respectively. Analysis by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction indicated significant downregulation of the putative gene ctf1 in T. reesei M2, and its deletion mutants were thus developed for further studies. An increase of 36.9% in cellulase production was observed in the deletion mutants, but when ctf1 was constitutively overexpressed in T. reesei RUT‐C30 under the control of the strong pdc1 promoter, cellulase production was substantially compromised. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that the deletion of ctf1 upregulated transcription of gene encoding the regulator VIB1, but downregulated transcription of gene encoding another regulator RCE1, which consequently upregulated genes encoding the transcription factors XYR1 and ACE3 for the activation of genes encoding cellulolytic enzymes. As a result, ctf1 was characterized as a gene encoding a repressor for cellulase production in T. reesei RUT‐C30, which is significant for further elucidating molecular mechanism underlying cellulase biosynthesis by the fungal species for rational design to develop robust strains for cellulase production. And in the meantime, AZFP transformation was validated to be an effective strategy for identifying functions of putative genes in the genome of T. reesei.
Learning strategic cooperative behavior in industrial symbiosis: A game‐theoretic approach integrated with agent‐based simulation
Authors: Yazan Devrim Murat , Yazdanpanah Vahid , Fraccascia Luca 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the negotiation phase of industrial symbiosis relationships, where companies exchanging wastes for inputs need to develop strategies on how to share the additional costs to operate the industrial symbiosis business. The business behavior is approached as a “coopetition” problem where companies need to cooperate to reduce waste discharge costs and traditional input purchase costs and dive into competition to pay a minimum share of additional costs (i.e., waste treatment, waste transportation, and transaction costs) of operating industrial symbiosis. A noncooperative game‐theoretical model for sharing the additional costs is proposed that highlights the two strategies that companies can adopt aimed at sharing costs: a fair strategy and an opportunistic strategy. Then, an agent‐based model is used to simulate the game iterated over time and investigate how the players can adapt their strategies according to their past experience. Simulation results show that players learn that playing the fair strategy is beneficial in the long period, despite in the short period they can gain more benefit by playing the opportunistic strategy. Findings of the paper are critically important to reduce the business and managerial barriers against the formation of industrial symbiosis networks and to stimulate innovative thinking of company managers to foster the development of the circular economy. The paper proposes theoretical, managerial, and policy implications, which are discussed in detail in a comparative manner between linear and circular economy.
Preoperative diagnosis of malignant pulmonary nodules in lung cancer screening with a radiomics nomogram
Authors: Liu Ailing , Wang Zhiheng , Yang Yachao , Wang Jingtao , Dai Xiaoyu , Wang Lijie , Lu Yuan , Xue Fuzhong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Its survival rate can be significantly improved by early screening. Biomarkers based on radiomics features have been found to provide important physiological information on tumors and considered as having the potential to be used in the early screening of lung cancer. In this study, we aim to establish a radiomics model and develop a tool to improve the discrimination between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 875 patients with benign or malignant pulmonary nodules who underwent computed tomography (CT) examinations between June 2013 and June 2018. We assigned 612 patients to a training cohort and 263 patients to a validation cohort. Radiomics features were extracted from the CT images of each patient. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used for radiomics feature selection and radiomics score calculation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to develop a classification model and radiomics nomogram. Radiomics score and clinical variables were used to distinguish benign and malignant pulmonary nodules in logistic model. The performance of the radiomics nomogram was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve and Hosmer‐Lemeshow test in both the training and validation cohorts.ResultsA radiomics score was built and consisted of 20 features selected by LASSO from 1288 radiomics features in the training cohort. The multivariate logistic model and radiomics nomogram were constructed using the radiomics score and patients’ age. Good discrimination of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules was obtained from the training cohort (AUC, 0.836; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.793‐0.879) and validation cohort (AUC, 0.809; 95% CI: 0.745‐0.872). The Hosmer‐Lemeshow test also showed good performance for the logistic regression model in the training cohort (P = 0.765) and validation cohort (P = 0.064). Good alignment with the calibration curve indicated the good performance of the nomogram.ConclusionsThe established radiomics nomogram is a noninvasive preoperative prediction tool for malignant pulmonary nodule diagnosis. Validation revealed that this nomogram exhibited excellent discrimination and calibration capacities, suggesting its clinical utility in the early screening of lung cancer.
Study on solutions to problems in the application of multimedia in translation teaching
Authors: Zhang Shidong , Ji Hongli , Sun Pengfei , Peng Shuang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe development of technology has revolutionized the teaching methods. Multimedia‐assisted education has gained extensive recognition since the 20th century. However, due to limited research on the subject, multimedia‐assisted education faces three major challenges. With respect to the teaching content, teachers and students regard the computer and the Internet as simple tools for searching for information and facilitating the translation of the available out‐of‐date source text in most universities; in terms of teaching methods, teachers use PowerPoint to present teaching content similar to using the traditional blackboard; as regards teaching evaluation, teachers are only evaluators. This kind of a traditional teaching system follows the “teacher‐centered” model, which is obviously inefficient in the cultivation of students’ comprehensive translation ability. Thus, a study on the corresponding solutions is meaningful and crucial for enhancing the quality of translation teaching. We provide the following suggestions. Teaching content should be time‐bound. Teachers need to search for up‐to‐date materials on the Internet for students to practice translating; the teaching method should be guided by a “process‐centered” concept, which means that students make presentations about making a comparative analysis of their translations and reference translations that are clips of videos of conferences or are recorded by the students themselves in translation companies. Their presentations need to be recorded to facilitate reflection; students should be evaluators as well as teachers. Evaluation by students is beneficial for cultivating the concepts of translation and independent thinking.
A Developmental Perspective on the Relationship between Child Sexual Abuse and Depression: A Systematic and Meta‐Analytic Review
Authors: Li Dongdong , Chu Chi Meng , Lai Violet 
Published: March 2020

It is essential to examine child sexual abuse (CSA) and depression from a developmental perspective. Two meta‐analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between CSA and depression pertaining to the age at onset. English and Chinese databases were searched for articles on the association between CSA and depression that were published before December 2016. Random effect models were used in the meta‐analyses (35 studies with 37 effect sizes altogether). The result of the first analysis showed that CSA experiences were related to an earlier onset of depression among adult patients with depression with a moderate effect size. This relationship was found to be robust as it was not influenced by any of the moderators except for gender composition of the sample, and no publication bias was detected. The second analysis showed that CSA at a younger age was significantly related to a higher risk for depression in studies with female, adult or clinical/community samples, or where CSA onset was measured as a continuous age variable. The mixed findings between the age at CSA onset and depression caution against the use of a simple linear model.‘Two meta‐analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between CSA and depression pertaining to the age at onset’Key Practitioner Messages

Screening for child maltreatment experiences should be done routinely for the treatment of depression.
Preventive treatment is recommended for young CSA victims even if they do not present with depressive symptoms.
Clinicians who work with sexually abused children should consider abuse‐specific treatment to reduce the negative effect of earlier depression onset.
Penehyclidine hydrochloride protects against anoxia/reoxygenation injury in cardiomyocytes through ATP‐sensitive potassium channels, and the Akt/GSK‐3β and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways
Authors: Zi Congna , Zhang Chunlei , Yang Yanli , Ma Jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPenehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) can protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the possible mechanisms of PHC in anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R)‐induced injury in H9c2 cells remain unclear. In the present study, H9c2 cells were pretreated with PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002, ATP‐sensitive K+ (KATP) channel blocker 5‐hydroxydecanoate (5‐HD), PHC, or KATP channel opener diazoxide (DZ) before subjecting to A/R injury. Cell viability and cell apoptosis were determined by cell counting kit‐8 assay and annexin V/PI assay, respectively. Myocardial injury was evaluated by measuring creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities. Intracellular Ca2+ levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) were measured. The levels of cytoplasmic/mitochondrial cytochrome c (Cyt‐C), Bax, Bcl‐2, cleaved caspase‐3, KATP channel subunits (Kir6.2 and SUR2A), and the members of the Akt/GSK‐3β and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways were determined by western blotting. We found that PHC preconditioning alleviated A/R‐induced cell injury by increasing cell viability, reducing CK and LDH activities, and inhibiting cell apoptosis. In addition, PHC preconditioning ameliorated intracellular Ca2+ overload and ROS production, accompanied by inhibition of both mPTP opening and Cyt‐C release into cytoplasm, and maintenance of ΔΨm. Moreover, PHC preconditioning activated mitochondrial KATP channels, and modulated the Akt/GSK‐3β and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Similar effects were observed upon treatment with DZ. Pretreatment with LY294002 or 5‐HD blocked the beneficial effects of PHC. These results suggest that the protective effects of PHC preconditioning on A/R injury may be related to mitochondrial KATP channels, as well as the Akt/GSK‐3β and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways.
Expression of genes involved in apoptosis is dysregulated in mucopolysaccharidoses as revealed by pilot transcriptomic analyses
Authors: Brokowska Joanna , Pierzynowska Karolina , Gaffke Lidia , Rintz Estera , Węgrzyn Grzegorz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), a group of lysosomal storage diseases (LSD), are inherited disorders caused by mutations in genes coding for enzymes involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Therefore, accumulated GAGs in lysosomes lead to severe symptoms in patients and significantly shortened life span. Although GAG accumulation in cells is the primary cellular defect in MPS, recent reports indicated that severe changes in cellular processes occur there as secondary or tertiary effects, which may contribute significantly to the disease pathomechanism. Apoptosis is one of such process, while mechanisms leading to dysregulation of this process in MPS remain largely unknown. To learn about these mechanisms, we have performed transcriptomic studies using cultures of fibroblasts derived from patients suffering from all types and subtypes of MPS, and assessed genes related to apoptosis. We found that there are significant changes in expression levels of many such genes relative to control fibroblasts (Human Dermal Fibroblasts‐adult cell line), and the number of down‐ or up‐regulated transcripts was between 19 and 73 in different MPS types. We have identified apoptosis‐related genes, which were considerably dysregulated in many MPS types, as well as those in which expression was significantly changed in specific MPS types. BNIP3, C1D, CLU, GPER1, KREMEN1, and PRKCD genes displayed the most changed expression profiles in most MPS types relative to control cells. Caspase 3/7 activity was increased in MPS IVA and IX. These results indicate that changes in apoptosis, observed in MPS, may arise, at least partially, from dysregulation of genes coding for proteins involved in this process.
Reaction Rate Inside the Cavity of [Ga4L6]12− Supramolecular Metallocage is Regulated by the Encapsulated Solvent
Authors: Norjmaa Gantulga , Maréchal Jean‐Didier , Ujaque Gregori 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the present study the dependence of the reaction rate of carbon‐carbon reductive elimination from R3PAu(MeOH)(CH3)2 (R=Me, Et) complexes inside [Ga4L6]12− metallocage on the nature of the phosphine ligand is investigated by computational means. The reductive elimination mechanism is analyzed in methanol solution and inside the metallocage. Classical molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the smaller the gold complex (which depends on the phosphine ligand size) the larger the number of solvent molecules encapsulated. The size of the phosphine ligands defines the space that is left available inside the cavity that can be occupied by solvent molecules. The Gibbs energy barriers calculated at DFT level, in excellent agreement with experiment both in solution and in the metallocage, show that the presence/absence of explicit solvent molecules inside the cavity significantly modifies the reaction rate.
Matrix Effects in a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Particle: Influence on Structure, Acidity, and Accessibility
Authors: Velthoen Marjolein E. Z. , Lucini Paioni Alessandra , Teune Iris E. , Baldus Marc , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMatrix effects in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst have been studied in terms of structure, accessibility, and acidity. An extensive characterization study into the structural and acidic properties of a FCC catalyst, its individual components (i.e., zeolite H‐Y, binder (boehmite/silica) and kaolin clay), and two model FCC catalyst samples containing only two components (i.e., zeolite‐binder and binder‐clay) was performed at relevant conditions. This allowed the drawing of conclusions about the role of each individual component, describing their mutual physicochemical interactions, establishing structure‐acidity relationships, and determining matrix effects in FCC catalyst materials. This has been made possible by using a wide variety of characterization techniques, including temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia, infrared spectroscopy in combination with CO as probe molecule, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Ar physisorption, and advanced nuclear magnetic resonance. By doing so it was, for example, revealed that a freshly prepared spray‐dried FCC catalyst appears as a physical mixture of its individual components, but under typical riser reactor conditions, the interaction between zeolite H‐Y and binder material is significant and mobile aluminum migrates and inserts from the binder into the defects of the zeolite framework, thereby creating additional Brønsted acid sites and restoring the framework structure.