bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Impact of COVID-19–Related Racial Discrimination on the Health of Asian Americans
Authors: Chen Justin A. , Zhang Emily , Liu Cindy H. 
Published: September 2020

Anti-Asian discrimination and assaults have increased significantly during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, contributing to a “secondary contagion” of racism. The United States has a long and well-documented history of both interpersonal and structural anti-Asian discrimination, and the current pandemic reinforces longstanding negative stereotypes of this rapidly growing minority group as the “Yellow Peril.” We provide a general overview of the history of anti-Asian discrimination in the United States, review theoretical and empirical associations between discrimination and health, and describe the associated public health implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, citing relevant evidence from previous disasters in US history that became racialized. Although the literature suggests that COVID-19 will likely have significant negative effects on the health of Asian Americans and other vulnerable groups, there are reasons for optimism as well. These include the emergence of mechanisms for reporting and tracking incidents of racial bias, increased awareness of racism’s insidious harms and subsequent civic and political engagement by the Asian American community, and further research into resilience-promoting factors that can reduce the negative health effects of racism.
Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis for Tibial Shaft Fracture A Case Report of an Adolescent Male with Open Growth Plates
Authors: Riehl John T. , Munro Mark W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Case: An adolescent male patient with a highly comminuted fracture of the distal third of the tibia underwent minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) 1 day post‐injury. Postoperatively, tibial radiographs showed callus at 6 weeks and healed fracture at 10 weeks. Seventeen months after fracture, the hardware was removed because of prominence. The patient remained active at a high level as of the last follow‐up (3.5 years after injury).
Conclusion: Percutaneous plating offers a number of advantages in the treatment of distal tibial fractures in adolescents. In the case presented, we were able to control alignment and rotation while providing stability to the distal aspect of the tibia.
Clopidogrel Use Should Not Routinely Delay Surgical Hip Fracture Repair
Authors: Hull Jonathan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The prevalence of hip fractures continues to rise as the population ages. Delay in fixation greatly increases postoperative complications and mortality. The purpose of this review was to determine if surgical hip fracture repair should be delayed for patients taking clopidogrel. Delayed surgical fixation of hip fractures increases patient 1‐year mortality. Some institutions wait 5 days to perform operative hip repair in patients taking clopidogrel, in keeping with the drug manufacturer guidelines. The current literature was searched for evidence suggesting increased perioperative risks in this population. Five studies addressing this topic were selected for review.
The prevalence of hip fractures is growing exponentially. This is increasing the burden on health care. Many health‐care systems not only are experiencing budget cuts but also must find a way to continue to treat the increasing number of patients. “Length of stay” (LOS) has become a phrase well known in today's medical model. LOS directly impacts insurance reimbursements and will become more important with bundled payments. Every facet of the health‐care industry is trying desperately to reduce LOS in facilities. This trend, in the setting of hip fracture, will actually improve patient outcomes. It is extremely important to repair hip fractures as soon as possible. If surgical repair of a hip fracture is delayed, then the risk of patient mortality increases.
Many patients who present with a hip fracture are also taking the drug clopidogrel. In the past, the use of clopidogrel has delayed hip fracture repair by as much as 5 days. No current Level‐I evidence in support of this practice of delaying repair exists, to my knowledge. Evidence does suggest that there is no need to wait 5 days to repair hip fractures in the clopidogrel population. Many surgical disciplines, including vascular, are performing procedures within 48 hours after discontinuing clopidogrel.
Perioperative Pain Management in the Chronic Opioid User
Authors: Sasek Cody 
Published: September 2020

Abstract:
Perioperative pain management for patients who chronically consume opioids must be managed carefully to provide optimal pain control while avoiding negative outcomes. This review examines current pain management options in the perioperative period, including patient education and treatment planning; pharmacologic management with opioid pain medications; management with non‐opioids, including acetaminophen, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, alpha‐adrenergic agonists, anxiolytics, and psychiatric medications; and use of local and regional anesthesia techniques.
Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap loyalitas pelanggan
Authors: Nisa Sorayya Khairun , Singgih Mohamad Nur 
Published: September 2020

Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh corporate social responsibilty (CSR) terhadap loyalitas merek, dan menganalisis kesadaran merek, brand attitude dan kepuasan pelanggan sebagai mediasi CSR terhadap loyalitas merek. Menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif, eksplanatory research. Variabel penelitian terdiri dari CSR, kesadaran merek, brand attitude, kepuasan pelanggan, dan loyalitas merek. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan survei online terhadap 115 konsumen pakaian yang dilakukan secara random. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan CSR memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap loyalitas merek, selanjutnya kesadaran merek dan kepuasan konsumen menjadi mediasi pengaruh CSR terhadap loyalitas merek, sedangkan brand attitude tidak memediasi pengaruh CSR terhadap loyalitas merek.
Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility dan brand image terhadap nilai perusahaan dimoderasi kinerja keuangan
Authors: Suidah Yuniep Mujati , Purbowati Rachyu 
Published: September 2020

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) dan brand image terhadap nilai perusahaan dimoderasi kinerja keuangan, metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, yaitu 10 perusahaan perusahaan manufaktur sektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2014-2018. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Square(SEM-PLS). Hasil penelitian CSR dan brand image tidak berpengaruh yang signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan (NP), namun variabel CSR berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai perusahaan dan variabel brand image tidak berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai perusahaan. Variabel kinerja keuangan dapat memperkuat pengaruh CSR terhadap nilai perusahaan dan pengaruh brand image terhadap nilai perusahaan. Jika terjadi peningkatan kinerja keuangan, maka pengaruh CSR terhadap nilai perusahaan tinggi, begitu juga sebaliknya jika nilai kinerja keuangan turun, maka pengaruh CSR terhadap nilai perusahaan semakin rendah. Namun, jika terjadi peningkatan pada kinerja keuangan maka pengaruh brand image terhadap nilai perusahaan semakin rendah.
Secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine is crucial for the vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated fibrotic process in human Tenon’s fibroblasts
Authors: Xiang XiaoQiong , Luo LiYing , Chen YuHong , Ye FuXiang , Fu Yang , Tang Min 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Aberrant post-surgical scarring is responsible for failure of glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) and is attributed to strong fibrotic process of human Tenon’s fibroblasts (HTFs). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) contribute to angiogenesis and fibrosis. However, whether SPARC can regulate the VEGF-mediated fibrotic process in HTFs has not been clarified. This study aimed to examine how SPARC and VEGF crosstalk to regulate the expression of Collagen-I and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) as well as the ERK signalling in HTFs.

Methods

Human Tenon's capsule tissues were cultured for preparation of HTFs, which were characterized by immunofluorescence. The effects of VEGF treatment on SPARC, Collagen-I and MMP9 expression and ERK phosphorylation were determined by Western blot, quantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. The proliferation and wound healing induced by VEGF were examined in HTFs and SPARC-silenced HTFs.

Results

Following successful passages, immunofluorescent assays indicated that HTFs at passages 3-9 displayed unique characters of fibroblasts with Vimentin, but not keratin, expression. Treatment with VEGF significantly up-regulated SPARC, Collagen-I and MMP9 expression and ERK phosphorylation, and promoted the proliferation and wound healing of HTFs. The stimulatory effects of VEGF were significantly mitigated by SPARC silencing in HTFs.

Conclusions

Our data provided novel evidence that SPARC was crucial for the VEGF-stimulated fibrotic process in HTFs and may be a novel target for anti-fibrotic therapies post GFS.
Barriers and opportunities for cleanliness of shared sanitation facilities in low-income settlements in Kenya
Authors: Simiyu Sheillah , Kweyu Raphael M. , Antwi-Agyei Prince , Adjei Kwaku A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Sharing of sanitation is commonly being practiced in low income areas in Sub Saharan Africa. However, shared sanitation is categorized as a limited sanitation service, and they may therefore not count towards achieving the global goals. These shared facilities are often the only option available for most residents in low income settlements, and improving their cleanliness and overall management is key to reducing open defecation and risk of disease. This study sought to investigate barriers and opportunities for improved cleanliness of shared sanitation in low income settlements of Kisumu in Kenya. Methods: Thirty-nine In-depth interviews and 11 focus group discussions were held with residents, who were mainly tenants and landlords. Analysis followed a thematic approach to define the problem, specify the target behaviour and define what needs to change. Results: Sanitation facilities were mainly pit latrines commonly shared among landlords and tenants. Participants singled out behavioural (poor use of the shared toilets) and social (lack of cooperation in cleaning) challenges that led to unclean shared toilets. Available opportunities for improvement included instituting clear cleaning plans, improving communication among users, and enhanced problem solving mechanisms between landlords and tenants. These approaches could form the basis for designing intervention strategies for improving the cleanliness of shared sanitation. Conclusion: The results highlight the need to focus on social aspects for improvement of shared sanitation cleanliness in low income settlements. Through a social approach, shared sanitation facilities can be managed appropriately to afford the millions of low income residents an opportunity to access sanitation. This study provides further evidence on approaches for improved management of shared sanitation facilities in line with the JMP’s recommendation for high quality shared facilities.
Identifying Community Physical Activity and Health Resources for Treatment of Back Pain by Utilizing Members of a Physical Activity Network
Authors: Sedney Cara L. , Haggerty Treah , Zizzi Sam , Dekeseredy Patricia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Back pain is one of the leading causes of health care expenditure in the US and is linked to an increased body mass index. Many evidence-based modalities for the prevention and treatment of back pain closely mirror recommendations for weight loss and include physical activity and health maintenance activities (PAHM). The primary aim of this study was to ascertain community assets, and perceptions of the use of PAHM in the treatment of back pain by West Virginia Physical Activity Network (WVPAN) members. Methods: Participants for the study were recruited from the West Virginia Physical Activity Network. This grassroots organization is filled with volunteers from various sectors who were recruited from various workshops, conferences, or coalition meetings over a period of several years. This network was purposely selected as the study population because of the statewide reach and their familiarity with resources in their local communities. A brief survey instrument was designed to gather their scaled perceptions about various treatment modalities related to back pain, and to gather their local knowledge related to specific providers in their communities. In addition, participants were given a free text box to list any local assets or resources for the nine treatments listed, and county of residence, and the nature of their connection to the physical activity network. Descriptive analyses were used to describe overall patterns of survey data. The qualitative data were compiled manually by the research team to show themes of specific treatments mentioned across different parts of the state. Results: Participants overwhelmingly supported physical therapy, flexibility training, yoga, and core strengthening as treatments for back pain. The majority of respondents were “undecided” about other treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapies and acupuncture. Conclusions: The implementation of PAHM interventions in communities could help treat patients with back pain, and may reduce reliance on the pharmacological treatment for back pain. The current study’s data support the potential of such approaches in many West Virginia counties. Also, local resources, and context can be gleaned from community leader surveys utilizing previously developed infrastructure for PAHM promotion.
Statistical field theory of the transmission of nerve impulses
Authors: Balzo Gianluigi Zangari del 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Stochastic processes leading voltage-gated ion channel dynamics on the nerve cell membrane are a sufficient condition to describe membrane conductance through statistical mechanics of disordered and complex systems. Results: Voltage-gated ion channels in the nerve cell membrane are described by the Ising model. Stochastic circuital elements called ”Ising machines” are introduced. Action potentials are described as quasi-particles of a statistical field theory for the Ising system. Conclusions: The particle description of action potentials is a powerful new tool for describing the generation and propagation of nerve impulses. We thus have the opportunity to exploit another useful point of view to describe the generation and propagation of nerve impulses, especially when classical electrophysiological models break down. Moreover, the corpuscular description allows us to develop new hardware and software devices based on particle physics to study neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases (Multiple Sclerosis), even integrated by connectomes. It is also suitable for the study of complex networks, cryptography, machine learning, quantum computing and many other applications of medical, physical and engineering interest.
Inequality in health service utilization among migrant and local children: a cross-sectional survey of children aged 0–14 years in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Ke Xiatong , Zhang Liang , Tang Wenxi , Li Zhong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Shenzhen is characterized with the largest scale of migrant children among all the cities in China. Unequal access to health services among migrant and local children greatly affects health equity and has a profound impact on the quality of human capital. This study aimed to investigate differences in using community-based healthcare between local and migrant children and to identify the influencing factors in Futian District of Shenzhen.Methods: Households in 12 communities in Futian District of Shenzhen were randomly sampled. Children aged 0-14 years were investigated using self-administered questionnaire - the 2018 Survey of Health Service Needs of Chinese Residents. Differences in healthcare including physical examination, feeding guidance, development guidance, disease prevention guidance, injury prevention guidance, oral health guidance, and mental health guidance, were tested between local and migrant children. Binary logistic regressions were used in identifying potential influencing factors which affected the use in the above healthcare items.Results: A total of 936 participants from1512 families were sampled and 508 of them were included. Compared with local children, migrant children had less use of development guidance (OR=0.417, 95% CI: 0.279-0.624) and oral health care guidance (OR=0.557, 95% CI: 0.381-0.813). Children whose father received higher education level enjoyed a better use of disease prevention guidance as compared to whose father stopped at junior high school education or below (senior high vs junior high and below, OR=1.286, 95% CI: 0.791-2.090; bachelor and above vs junior high and below, OR=2.257, 95% CI: 1.417-3.595). Children whose fathers were blue-collar workers had less use of injury prevention guidance (OR=0.750, 95% CI: 0.334-1.684) and mental health guidance (OR=0.784, 95% CI: 0.295-2.080) as compared to whose father were white collar workers. Conclusions: Except feeding guidance, healthcare utilization were lower among migrant children than among local children. Generally, fathers have a stronger influence on children’s use of community-based healthcare than mothers do. The potential influence of fathers in promoting children’s healthcare use behaviors should be carefully considered, and fathers’ attention to children’s health should be increased.
Differential susceptibility of Onchocerca volvulus microfilaria to ivermectin in two areas of contrasting history of mass drug administration in Cameroon: Relevance of microscopy and molecular techniques for the monitoring of skin microfilarial repopulation within six months of direct observed treatment
Authors: Abong Raphael Awah , Amambo Glory N. , Ndongmo Patrick W. Chounna , Njouendou Abdel Jelil , Manuel Ritter , Beng Amuam Andrew , Esum Mathias Eyong , Deribe Kebede , Cho Jerome Fru , Fombad Fanny Fri , Nji Theobald Mue , Enyong Peter Ivo , Poole Catherine B. , Pfarr Kenneth , Hoerauf Achim , Carlow Clotilde K.S. , Wanji Samuel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background. Ivermectin is an excellent microfilaricide against Onchocerca volvulus. However, in some regions, long term use of ivermectin has resulted in sub-optimal responses to the treatment. More data to properly document the phenomenon in various contexts of ivermectin mass drug administration (IVM-MDA) is needed. Also, there is a need to accurately monitor a possible repopulation of skin by microfilariae following treatment. Skin snip microscopy is known to have a low sensitivity in individuals with light infections, which can be the case following treatment. This study was designed with two complementary objectives: (i) to assess the susceptibility of O. volvulus microfilariae to ivermectin in two areas undergoing IVM-MDA for different lengths of time, and (ii) to document the repopulation of skin by the O. volvulus microfilariae following treatment, using 3 independent diagnostic techniques. Method. Identified microfilaridermic individuals were treated with ivermectin and re-examined after 1, 3, and 6 months using microscopy, actin real-time PCR (actinqPCR) and O-150 LAMP assays. Susceptibility to ivermectin and trends in detecting reappearance of skin microfilariae were determined using three techniques. Microscopy was used as an imperfect gold standard to determine the performance of actin-qPCR and LAMP. Results. In Bafia with over 20 years of IVM-MDA, 11/51 (21.6%) direct observe treated microfilaridemic participants were still positive for skin microfilariae after 1 month. In Melong, with 10 years of IVM-MDA, 2/29 (6.9%) treated participants were still positive. The microfilarial density reduction per skin biopsy within one month following treatment was significantly lower in participants from Bafia. In both study sites, the molecular techniques detected higher proportions of infected individuals than microscopy at all monitoring time points. LAMP demonstrated the highest levels of sensitivity and real-time PCR was found to have the highest specificity. Conclusion. Patterns in skin mirofilariae clearance and repopulation were established. O. volvulus worms from Bafia with higher number of annual MDA displayed a lower clearance and higher repopulation rate after treatment with ivermectin. Molecular assays displayed higher sensitivity in monitoring O. volvulus microfilaridemia within six months following treatment.
Determinants of health-related quality of life decline in interstitial lung disease
Authors: Maqhuzu Phillen Nozibuyiso , Szentes Boglárka Lilla , Kreuter Michael , Bahmer Thomas , Kahn Nicolas , Claussen Martin , Holle Rolf , Schwarzkopf Larissa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQL) in interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients is impaired. We aimed to identify baseline predictors for HRQL decline within a 12-month observation period.Methods: We analyzed 194 ILD patients from two German ILD-centers in the observational HILDA study. We employed the disease-specific King’s Brief Interstitial Lung Disease questionnaire (K-BILD) with the subdomains ‘psychological impact’, ‘chest symptoms’ and ‘breathlessness and activities’, and the generic EQ-5D Visual Analog Scale (VAS). We evaluated how many patients experienced a clinically meaningful decline in HRQL. Subsequently, we investigated medical and sociodemographic factors as potential predictors of HRQL deterioration.Results: Within the study population (34.0% male, Ø age 61.7) mean HRQL scores hardly changed between baseline and follow up (K-BILD: 52.8 vs. 52.5 | VAS: 60.0 vs. 57.3). On the intra-individual level, 30.4% (n = 59) experienced a clinically relevant deterioration in K-BILD total score and 35.4% (n = 68) in VAS. Lower baseline forced vital capacity (FVC) % predicted determined HRQL decline in K-BILD total score (ß–coefficient: -0.02, p = 0.007), VAS (ß–coefficient: -0.03, p < 0.0001), and in the subdomain ‘psychological impact’ (ß–coefficient: -0.02, p = 0.014). Lower baseline diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) % predicted determined deterioration in ‘breathlessness and activities’ (ß– coefficient: -0.04, p = 0.003) and ‘chest symptoms’ (ß– coefficient: -0.04, p = 0.002). Additionally, increasing age predicted decline in ‘psychological impact’ (ß–coefficient: 0.06, p < 0.007).Conclusion: Around a third of ILD patients experienced a clinically relevant HRQL deterioration in a 12-month period, which was associated with baseline lung function values in all K-BILD domains. As lung function values are time-dependent variables with possible improvements, in contrast to age and ILD subtype, it, thus, seems important to improve lung function and prevent its decline in order to maintain HRQL on the possibly highest level.