bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mentoring in the clinical training of midwifery students. A focus study of the experiences and opinions of midwifery students at the Medical University of Warsaw participating in a mentoring programme
Authors: Stefaniak Małgorzata , Dmoch-Gajzlerska Ewa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The current system of clinical training for midwifery students in Poland is in need of considerable revision to adapt it to the global standards and the expectations of healthcare providers, healthcare users and student midwives themselves. Aim of this study was to report the experiences of midwifery students participating in a mentor-led clinical training program and their opinions of mentoring as a novel training method.Methods: A qualitative descriptive study that used a focus group was undertaken in the period from October 2017 to June 2019. The participants were 12 second- and third-year midwifery students at the Medical University of Warsaw who at various times during the study period had their clinical training in the Department of Obstetrics, Solec Hospital in Warsaw, Poland. All students had previous experience of clinical training other than clinical mentorship. At the end of the study, a focus group interview was conducted with all 12 participants. Five questions were selected to guide the focus group discussion: Did you get any valuable learning experience during your clinical training? How did this clinical training differ from your previous clinical training? What was your experience of one-on-one mentoring? Did the mentoring program meet your expectations? What do you think could be changed to make the proposed mentor-led clinical training more effective?Results: Four themes were identified. The study demonstrated that mentoring was perceived by the participants as an innovative and effective method of clinical training for midwifery students. All students positively evaluated the quality of the mentor-led clinical training which allowed improving their clinical skills and building new competencies. Students believed they could effectively use their clinical skills and make informed decisions in a safe and supportive clinical learning environment. They felt that their inclusion in the therapeutic team contributed to better patient care.Conclusions: The use of innovative forms of clinical training at undergraduate level improves its effectiveness and in the future should be reflected in a high-quality maternity care. Mentoring has its advantages for both, mentor and mentee, but the main goal is to develop and improve professional competencies of the junior partner.
Analysis of multiple cytokines in aqueous humor of patients with idiopathic macular hole
Authors: Wang Heping , Li Yuqi , Han Song , Niu Tongtong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Idiopathic macular holes are common ophthalmic manifestations with unknown pathogenesis. Thus far, there has been minimal research regarding the causes of idiopathic macular holes, especially with respect to the underlying immune mechanism. To provide clarity regarding the treatment and prognosis of idiopathic macular holes, specifically regarding the levels of cytokines in affected patients, this study examined and analyzed multiple cytokine levels in aqueous humor from patients with idiopathic macular holes. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study included 38 patients in two groups: a cataract control group (n=17) and an idiopathic macular hole group (n=21). The levels of 48 cytokines in aqueous humor were detected by multiplex analysis with antibody-coupled magnetic beads. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to check whether the data were normally distributed; Student’s t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to assess differences in cytokine levels between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess relationships among cytokine levels in the experimental group. Signaling pathways containing cytokines with significantly different expression in the experimental group were identified. Results: There were significant differences in aqueous humor cytokine levels between patients with idiopathic macular holes and patients in the cataract control group. Notably, hepatocyte growth factor (p=0.0001), GM-CSF (p=0.0111), and IFN-γ (p=0.0120) were significantly upregulated in the experimental group , while TNF-α (p=0.0032), GRO-α (p<0.0001), and MIF (p<0.0001) were significantly downregulated in the experimental group. Furthermore, the GM-CSF level showed significant positive correlations with levels of IL-1 (r=0.67904, p<0.001), IL-4 (r=0.76017, p<0.001), and IFN-γ (r=0.59922, p=0.004097) in the experimental group. Moreover, the levels of nerve growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.64951, p=0.001441) in the experimental group. Conclusions: Patients with idiopathic macular holes showed significant variation in aqueous humor immune response after the onset of hole formation, including the recruitment of immune cells and regulation of cytokine expression. Our findings also suggest that it is not appropriate to use patients with macular holes as the control group in studies of aqueous humor cytokine levels in ophthalmic diseases.
Multispectral and X-ray images for characterization&nbsp;of Jatropha curcas L.&nbsp;seed quality
Authors: Bianchini Vitor J , Mascarin Gabriel M , Silva Lúcia CAS , Arthur Valter , Carstensen Jean M , Boelt Birte , Silva Clíssia Barboza da 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The use of non-destructive methods with less human interference is of great interest in agricultural industry and crop breeding. Modern imaging technologies enable the automatic visualization of multi-parameter for characterization of biological samples, reducing subjectivity and optimizing the analysis process. Furthermore, the combination of two or more imaging techniques has contributed to discovering new physicochemical tools and interpreting datasets in real time.Results: We present a new method for automatic characterization of seed quality based on the combination of multispectral and X-ray imaging technologies. We proposed an approach using X-ray images to investigate internal tissues because seed surface profile can be negatively affected, but without reaching important internal regions of seeds. An oilseed plant (Jatropha curcas) was used as a model species, which also serve as a multi-purposed crop of economic importance worldwide. Our studies included the application of a normalized canonical discriminant analyses (nCDA) algorithm as a supervised transformation building method to obtain spatial and spectral patterns on different seedlots. We developed classification models using reflectance data and X-ray classes based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The classification models, individually or combined, showed high accuracy (>0.96) using reflectance at 940 nm and X-ray data to predict quality traits such as normal seedlings, abnormal seedlings and dead seeds.Conclusions: Multispectral and X-ray imaging have a strong relationship with seed physiological performance. Reflectance at 940 nm and X-ray data can efficiently predict seed quality attributes. These techniques can be alternative methods for rapid, efficient, sustainable and non-destructive characterization of seed quality in the future, overcoming the intrinsic subjectivity of the conventional seed quality analysis.
Biological Risk Factors Predict Transfer to Intensive Care Units and Death in Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Sauzay Chloé , Guyader Maïlys Le , Evrard Ophélie , Nyga Rémy , Caulier Alexis , Schmit Jean-Luc , Andréjak Claire , Galmiche Antoine , François Catherine , Castelain Sandrine , Maizel Julien , Garçon Loïc , Brochot Etienne , Boyer Thomas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be withdrawn due to erroneous posting.
An Efficient Data Collection Path Planning Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks with Mobile Sinks
Authors: Chang Jau-Yang , Jeng Jin-Tsong , Sheu Yung-Hoh , Jian Z-Jie , Chang Wei-Yeh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Wireless sensor networks with mobile sinks enable a mobile device to move into the sensing area for the purpose of collecting the sensing data. Mobile sinks increase the flexibility and convenience of data gathering in such systems. Taking the energy consumption of the mobile sink into account, the moving distance of the mobile sink must be reduced efficiently. Hence, it is important and necessary to develop an efficient path planning scheme for mobile sinks in large-scale wireless sensor network systems. According to several greedy-based algorithms, we adopt an angle bisector concept to create the moving path for the mobile sink. In this paper, a novel and efficient data collection path planning scheme is proposed to reduce the moving distances and to prolong the lifetimes of mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks. Considering the communication range limitations of sensor nodes and the obstacles within sensing areas, we design an inner center path planning algorithm to reduce the moving distance for the mobile sink. A back-routing avoidance method is included to address the moving path backpropagation problem. We account for the obstacles in sensing area. The reference point of obstacle avoidance is employed to address the obstacle problem. The proposed scheme makes an adaptive decision for creating the moving path of the mobile sink. A suitable moving path planning scheme can be achieved, and the moving distance of the mobile sink can be reduced. The proposed scheme is promising in large-scale wireless sensor networks. When the number of sensor nodes in the sensing area is increased by 50, the proposed scheme yields an average moving distance that is 1.1 km shorter than that of the heuristic tour-planning algorithm, where the sensing area is 5 km × 5 km. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed data collection path planning scheme outperforms the previously developed greedy-based scheme in terms of the moving paths and moving distances of mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks.
miR-129-5p inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced A7r5 cells proliferation and migration through targeting HMGB1 involving a PI3K/Akt signal pathway
Authors: Jiang Hongfei , Gong Ren , Wu Yanqing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background

Currently, gene therapy for cardiovascular diseases has been widely concerned, but its mechanism is still unclear.
Objective

Recently miRNAs have been recognized as a key regulator in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) which involved in the formation of atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to explore the role of miR-129-5p in regulation of HMGB1 involving a PI3K/Akt signal pathway as well as the proliferation and migration in A7r5 cells induced by ox-LDL.
Methods

Cell viability, proliferation and migration were conducted by CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing assay and transwell assay. The expressions of miR-129-5p and HMGB1 were detected by real-time quantitative-qPCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot. Luciferase assay was used to confirm that miR-129-5p directly targeted HMGB1.
Results

The expression of miR-129-5p in A7r5 cells induced by ox-LDL was significantly decreased in comparison with the control cells. Cell viability, proliferation and migration of A7r5 cells induced by ox-LDL were increased. MiR-129-5p could down-regulate the expression of HMGB1 in A7r5 cells. More studies showed that miR-129-5p could inhibit cell viability, proliferation on and migration of A7r5 cells induced by ox-LDL and target HMGB1 to regulate PI3K/Akt signal pathway.
Conclusion

miR-129-5p could inhibit PI3K/Akt signal pathway by target HMGB1 and further restrain the cell viability, proliferation and migration of A7r5 cells induced by ox-LDL.
Monochromatic green light stimulation during incubation shortened the hatching time via pineal function in White Leghorn eggs
Authors: Wang Panlin , Sun Yanyan , Li Yunlei , Fan Jing , Zong Yunhe , Isa Adamu Mani , Shi Lei , Wang Yuanmei , Ni Aixin , Ge Pingzhuang , Jiang Linlin , Bian Shixiong , Ma Hui , Yuan Zhengdong , Liu Xiaolin , Chen Jilan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Effect of monochromatic green light illumination on embryo development has been reported in chickens. The avian pineal gland is an important photo-endocrine organ formed by a mediodorsal protrusion during embryonic development. However, the involvement of pineal gland in the light transduction process remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the influence of monochromatic green light on hatching time and explored the possible mechanism via pineal function. Results: A total of 600 eggs of White Leghorn (Shaver strain) were incubated under photoperiods of either 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness using monochromatic green light (12L:12D group) or 24 h of darkness (0L:24D group) for 18 d. Compared to 0L:24D group, the green light stimulation shortened the hatching time without extending the hatch window or impairing hatchability. The liver of embryos incubated in the 12L:12D light condition was heavier than those of the 0L:24D group on d 21 post incubation which may be linked to the observed increase in the serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1); primary secretion of the liver. Histological structure analysis of pineal gland demonstrated that the light stimulation increased follicle area, wall thickness and lumen area on d 10 and d 12 post incubation. Rhythmic function analysis demonstrated that three clock related genes (brain and muscle ARNT-like-1, BMAL1; circadian locomotor output cycles kaput, CLOCK; and cryptochrome-1, CRY1) and a melatonin rate-limiting enzyme related gene (Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, AANAT) were rhythmically expressed in the pineal gland of the 12L:12D group, but not in the 0L:24D group. Simultaneously, the light stimulation also increased the concentration of melatonin (MT), which was linked to hepatocyte proliferation and IGF-1 secretion in previous studies. Conclusions: The 12L:12D monochromatic green light stimulation during incubation shortened hatching time without impairing hatching performance. Pineal gland’s early histological development and maturation of its rhythmic function were accelerated by the light stimulation. It may be the key organ in the photo-endocrine axis that regulates embryo development, and the potential mechanism could be through enhanced secretion of MT in the 12L:12D group which promotes the secretion of IGF-1.
MiR-7e-5p downregulation promotes transformation of low-grade follicular lymphoma to aggressive lymphoma by modulating an immunosuppressive stroma through the upregulation of FasL in M1 macrophages
Authors: Lou Xiaoli , Fu Jianhong , Zhao Xin , Zhuansun Xuemei , Rong Chao , Sun Maomin , Niu Hui , Wu Lei , Zhang Yongsheng , An Lu , Guo Lingchuan , Wan Shan , Wang Shouli 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: In follicular lymphoma (FL), histologic transformation to high-grade FL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a critical adverse step in disease progression. Activation of the oncogene c-MYC and tumor microenvironment remodeling account for FL progression. A panel of microRNA (miRNA) was downregulated in transformed FL. Methods: Differentially expressed miRNAs were systematically analyzed compared in eleven lymph nodes tissue samples from patients at different stages of disease. Expression of miR-7e-5p was analyzed in 46 B-cell lymphomas, including 30 FLs and 16 DLBCLs. In FL cells, transcriptional regulation of the oncogene c-MYC on its target miR-7e-5p was revealed by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Exosome, carrying differentially expressed miR-7e-5p was isolated and visualized by transmission electron microscope and fluorescence tracing. The effect of miR-7e-5p on recipient macrophage was determined by target gene quantification, flow cytometry, and TUNEL method in a cocultured system with miR-7e-5p-mimics or inhibitor treatment. Expression of miR-7e-5p targets, macrophage proportions, and clinical parameters were included for correlation analysis. Results: We determined that downregulation of miR-7e-5p, driven by c-MYC overexpression, was associated with poorer prognosis in FL patients. The decreased expression of miR-7e-5p in lymphoma cells led to a reduced exosomal transfer to surrounding macrophages. As a result, the target gene of miR-7e-5p, Fas ligand (FasL), was upregulated and activated the caspase signaling, which led to the apoptosis of M1 macrophages in tumor stroma. Finally, in transformed FL tissues, overexpression of FasL and activation of caspase proteins was detected in tumor stromal macrophages. Downregulation of miR-7e-5p was associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Conclusion: Downregulation of exosomal miR-7e-5p induces stromal M1 macrophage apoptosis, which leads to immunosurveillance and transformation of FL.
Reducing the Smoking-Related Health Burden in the US through Diversion to Electronic Cigarettes: A System Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Selya Arielle 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Electronic cigarettes (“e-cigarettes”) have altered tobacco use trends, and their impacts are controversial. Given their lower risk relative to conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes have potential for harm reduction. This study presents a simulation-based analysis of an e-cigarette harm reduction policy set in the US. Methods: A system dynamics simulation model was constructed, with separate aging chains representing different stages of use for both cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users. These structures interact with a policy module to close the gap between actual (simulated) and goal numbers of cigarette smokers, chosen to reduce the tobacco-attributable death rate to that due to all accidents in the general population. The policy is two-fold, removing existing flavor bans and providing an informational campaign promoting e-cigarettes as a lower-risk alternative. Realistic practical implementation challenges are modeled in the policy sector, including time delays, political resistance, and budgetary limitations. Effects of e-cigarettes on conventional smoking occurs through three mechanisms: 1) diversion from ever initiating conventional smoking; 2) reducing progression to established smoking; and 3) increasing smoking cessation. An important unintended effect was included, which increases the tobacco-related mortality accordingly with an increase in nicotine users due to e-cigarettes. Results: The base-case model replicated the historical exponential decline in smoking and the exponential increase in e-cigarette use since 2010. The ideal-case policy was able to reduce conventional smoking to the goal level approximately 40 years after implementation. Implementation obstacles (time delays, political resistance, and budgetary constraints) delayed and weakened the effect of the policy by up to 95% in the worst case, relative to the ideal-case scenario; however, these discrepancies substantially decreased over time in dampened oscillations as negative feedback loops stabilize the system after the one-time “shock” introduced by policy changes. Conclusions: Current findings demonstrate that the promotion of e-cigarettes as a harm-reduction policy is a viable strategy, given current knowledge of e-cigarettes’ effects on conventional smoking. Given the strong effects of implementation challenges on policy effectiveness in the short term, accurately modeling such obstacles is essential in policy design. Ongoing research is needed with forthcoming data on e-cigarette use prevalence and possible effects on cigarette smoking.
Two novel likely pathogenic variants of HARS2 identified in a Chinese family with Perrault syndrome
Authors: yu jing , jiang Wei , cao Li , Na xiaoxue , Yang jiyun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Mutations in HARS2 are one of the genetic causes of Perrault syndrome, characterized by sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and ovarian dysfunction. Here, we identified two novel putative pathogenic variants of HARS2 in a Chinese family with sensorineural hearing loss including two affected male siblings, c.349G>A (p.Asp117Asn) and c.908T>C (p.Leu303Pro), through targeted next-generation sequencing methods. The two affected siblings (13 and 11 years old) presented with early-onset, rapidly progressive SNHL. The affected siblings did not have any inner ear malformations or delays in gross motor development. Combined with preexisting clinical reports, Perrault syndrome may be latent in some families with non-syndromic deafness associated with HARS2 mutations. The definitive diagnosis of Perrault syndrome based on clinical features alone is a challenge in sporadic males, and preadolescent females with no signs of POI. Our findings further expanded the existing spectrum of HARS2 variants and Perrault syndrome phenotypes, which will assist in molecular diagnosis and genetic counselling of patients with HARS2 mutations.
Interrelation between facial soft tissue lessions, underlying fracture patterns and treatment of zygomatic bone trauma: a 10 year retrospective study
Authors: Iulia Juncar Raluca , Tent Paul Andrei , Mihai Juncar , Anton Arghir Ioan , Oana Arghir Cristina , Mircea Rivis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The pattern of zygomatic bone fractures varies in the literature, their features being frequently masked by the presence of associated soft tissue lesions. In this context the clinical diagnosis and the therapeutic indications can be difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of zygomatic bone fractures and their interrelation with concomitant overlying soft tissue injuries, as well as to assess the type of treatment methods applied depending on the fracture pattern and the results achieved depending on the incidence rate of postoperative complications. We will use these results in order to improve the diagnosis and the establishment of correct treatment of this pathology. Methods: A 10-year retrospective evaluation of midface fractures was performed in patients diagnosed and treated in a tertiary Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Statistical analysis was performed with the MedCalc Statistical Software version 19.2 (MedCalc Software bvba, Ostend, Belgium;53 https://www.medcalc.org; 2020). Nominal data were expressed as frequency and percentage. The comparisons of the frequencies of a nominal variable among the categories of another nominal variable were made using the chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regressions were used in order to establish the independent association between variables and lacerations/excoriations. After using the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, a value of p<0.025 was considered statistically significant.Results: The study included 242 patients with zygomatic bone fractures. The majority of the fractures were displaced n=179 (73.9%), closed n=179 (73.9%) and complete n=219 (90.5%). Hematoma was the most frequent associated soft tissue lesion n=102 (42.1%) regardless of the fracture pattern (p=1.000). Complete zygomatic fracture (OR – 2.68; p=0.035) and fractures with displacement (OR – 3.66; p=0.012) were independently associated with the presence of laceration. Fractures with displacement (OR – 7.1; p=0.003) were independently associated with the presence of excoriation. The most frequent type of treatment applied was Gillies reduction (61.9%), followed by ORIF (30.9%). The most frequent postoperative complication was malunion secondary to Gillies treatment (4,6%). Conclusions: Patients presenting lacerations and excoriations on clinical soft tissue examination will most frequently have an underlying complete, displaced or comminuted zygomatic fracture. In the case of displaced, open or comminuted fractures we achieved the best results secondary to ORIF treatment method, while in the case of non-displaced and closed fractures, the best results achieved were secondary to conservative treatment.