bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19: impact on colorectal surgery
Authors: Wexner S. D. , Cortés‐Guiral D. , Gilshtein H. , Kent I. , Reymond M. A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe rapid spread of the COVID‐19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges for the medical and surgical healthcare systems. With the ongoing need for urgent and emergency colorectal surgery, including surgery for colorectal cancer, several questions pertaining to operating room (OR) utilization and techniques needed to be rapidly addressed.MethodThis manuscript discusses knowledge related to the critical considerations of patient and caregiver safety relating to personal protective equipment (PPE) and the operating room environment.ResultsDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, additional personal protective equipment (PPE) may be required contingent upon local availability of COVID‐19 testing and the incidence of known COVID‐19 infection in the respective community. In addition to standard COVID‐19 PPE precautions, a negative‐pressure environment, including an OR, has been recommended, especially for the performance of aerosol‐generating procedures (AGPs). Hospital spaces ranging from patient wards to ORs to endoscopy rooms have been successfully converted from standard positive‐pressure to negative‐pressure spaces. Another important consideration is the method of surgical access; specifically, minimally invasive surgery with pneumoperitoneum is an AGP and thus must be carefully considered. Current debate centres around whether it should be avoided in patients known to be infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 or whether it can be performed under precautions with safety measures in place to minimize exposure to aerosolized virus particles. Several important lessons learned from pressurized intraperitoneal aerosolized chemotherapy procedures are demonstrated to help improve our understanding and management.ConclusionThis paper evaluates the issues surrounding these challenges including the OR environment and AGPs which are germane to surgical practices around the world. Although there is no single universally agreed upon set of answers, we have presented what we think is a balanced cogent description of logical safe approaches to colorectal surgery during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Short‐term mechanical circulatory support devices as bridge to heart transplantation: A prospective single‐center experience in Argentina
Authors: Giordanino Elian F. , Absi Daniel O. , Favaloro Liliana E. , Renedo Maria F. , Ratto Roxana D. , Rubira Daniela M. , Ameri Aldana , Giunta Gustavo , Favaloro Roberto R. , Bertolotti Alejandro M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with cardiogenic shock may require hemodynamic stabilization with short‐term mechanical circulatory support devices (ST‐MCS) such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and centrifugal pump (CP) as bridge to transplantion (BTT). This study aimed to describe ECMO and CP during BTT and after heart transplant.MethodsA cohort of patients on ECMO or CP as BTT between April 2006 and April 2018 in a single hospital.ResultsThirty‐seven consecutive patients with ECMO (n = 14) or CP (n = 23) were included. Acute kidney injury was more prevalent during CP (28.6% vs 69.6%, P = .02). There were no differences in stroke, thrombosis, sepsis, or vasoplegia. Bleeding (0% vs 56.5%, P = .0003) and reoperation (0% vs 47.8%, P = .002) were more frequent in CP group as well as mortality (0 vs 7 [30.4%], P = .03). The remaining 30 patients (81.1%) underwent heart transplantation, without differences in primary graft dysfunction, vasoplegia, reoperation for bleeding, or hospital stay. Mortality was 23.3% at 30 days, similar in both groups, with no further deaths at median follow‐up of 44.2 months.ConclusionsIn patients with cardiogenic shock, ST‐MCS with ECMO or CP as BTT are a lifesaving approach allowing successful transplantation in the majority of cases, with good short‐ and long‐term survival.
Prediabetes and older age increase the risk of post‐transplantation diabetes mellitus: Qatar experience
Authors: Alkadi Mohamad M. , Abuhelaiqa Essa , Jerobin Jayakumar , Thappy Shaefiq , Khan Saifatullah , Abdelhalim Mohamed F. , Asim Muhammad , Fituri Omar , Hamdi Ahmed , Ashour Adel , Nauman Awais , Al‐Maslamani Yousuf K. , Jarman Mona , Dargham Soha R. , Abou‐Samra Abdul Badi , Al‐Malki Hassan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPost‐transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a major complication in kidney transplant recipients leading to reduced allograft and patient survival. Given the high prevalence of diabetes in Qatar, which is twice the global average, we were interested in determining the incidence of PTDM, identifying risk factors, and comparing clinical outcomes in kidney transplant recipients with and without diabetes. We retrospectively followed up 191 adult kidney allograft recipients transplanted between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2016, for a median of 41 months. A total of 76 patients (40%) had pre‐existing diabetes. A total of 39 patients developed PTDM during follow‐up; they represent 34% of patients who did not have diabetes prior to transplantation. Two thirds of PTDM occurred within 3‐6 months post‐transplantation. Prediabetes before transplant [OR = 6.07 (1.24‐29.74), P = .026] older recipient's age at the time of transplantation [OR = 1.10 (1.00‐1.20), P = .039] and average fasting blood sugar during 3‐6 months post‐transplant [OR = 1.06 (1.01‐1.11), P = .010] were independently associated with PTDM. Patient and kidney allograft survival rates exceeded 97% in all groups. The incidence of PTDM in kidney transplant recipients living in Qatar is high. Older age and prediabetes are independent risk factors for developing PTDM.
Cornea donation in Germany: Obtaining consent
Authors: Schmidt Sabrina , Ghouzi Ammar , Petrov George , Hofmann Nicola , Boergel Martin , Sixt Stephan Urs 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTissue donation is important to reverse cornea‐related blindness. Unfortunately, the willingness to make a decision concerning organ and tissue donation while still alive remains low despite all efforts. By analyzing anonymized archived data from 25 654 next‐of‐kin interviews from our database over a period of 5 years (2013‐2018), it was found that only 20.8% of all potential cornea donors have declared their own wishes. While still alive, refusal was communicated more often than consent by potential donors. Overall consent rates were 39.2%, with parents and siblings consenting more often than other relatives and females refusing more often than male family members. Personal interviews and interviews via telephone handled by staff known to the family resulted in better consent rates (up to 75.6%) with male interviewers receiving higher consent rates in general. The gender of the approached relatives in relation to a male/female interviewer was of low importance. The results also show that it is important to allow discussion about that topic between family members—the more relatives that were involved the higher the probability of consent.
Is bacterial vaginosis associated with autoimmune antibody positivity?
Authors: Donmez Hanife Guler , Cagan Murat , Fadiloglu Erdem , Unal Canan , Onder Sevgen Celik , Beksac Mehmet Sinan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and autoimmune antibody positivity.MethodWe evaluated Papanicolaou‐stained cervicovaginal smears of 210 patients with poor obstetric history who were admitted to a special preconception counselling programme. Cytological specimens with various types of microorganisms except for BV, epithelial cell abnormalities and other non‐neoplastic findings, including inflammation were excluded from the cohort in addition to patients with autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. The remaining study population (n = 121) was divided into two groups of patients with autoimmune antibody positivity (study group, n = 80) and patients without antibody positivity (control group, n = 41).ResultsThe rate of BV was demonstrated to be 13.8% and 2.4% in the study and control groups respectively (P = .042). We also demonstrated that the anti‐nuclear antibody was positive in 58.3% of the cases with BV.ConclusionBV was found more frequently in patients with autoimmune antibody positivity to a statistically significant degree.
Getting under the skin of hair aging: the impact of the hair follicle environment
Authors: Williams Rachael , Pawlus Alison D. , Thornton M. Julie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLike the skin, our hair shows striking changes with age, producing hairs with altered diameter, lustre and texture. The biology of hair aging has focused predominately on various aspects of the hair cycle, follicle size and the fibre produced, but surprisingly the impact of the aging scalp dermal environment on the hair follicle and fibre has been generally overlooked. Hair loss affects both sexes with incidence increasing with age. In men, male pattern‐balding (androgenetic alopecia) is driven by androgens and follows a specific pattern of frontotemporal and vertex regression. Women also experience female pattern hair loss (FPHL), presenting as more general, diffuse hair thinning. Hair thinning in women is commonly associated with the menopause, corresponding with other age‐related changes in skin. The rapidly growing hair follicle undergoes continued renewal throughout the life span of an individual, where it is exposed to a substantial number of extrinsic and intrinsic stressors. As the hair follicle sits deep within the dermis with its bulb residing in the hypodermis, detrimental age‐related changes in the surrounding scalp skin may likely disrupt the hair follicle machinery. The impacts of these changes are unknown, but evidence suggests that scalp skin aging and hair follicle aging go hand‐in‐hand. Herein, we summarize the evidence that the age‐related changes observed in sun‐exposed human skin also occur in scalp skin and that these changes are likely to play a contributing role in the aging hair phenotype.
Evaluation of an interactive educational system in urban knowledge acquisition and representation based on students' profiles
Authors: Sanchez‐Sepulveda Monica V. , Fonseca David , García‐Holgado Alicia , García‐Peñalvo Francisco José , Franquesa Jordi , Redondo Ernesto , Moreira Fernando 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this article is to study how students currently understand the conception of space through different media and how that understanding helps them to intervene in the space. Firstly, the process of teaching and learning as well as innovative supporting technologies are analysed, revealing the characteristics of the contemporary student profile and better ways of teaching according to it. Secondly, we describe the evaluation of an experiment with a virtual reality (VR) system for urban project design with students of architecture from two universities. The premise is that the technology used in VR is familiar to the current profile of students. This paper aims to study the advantages and disadvantages of this trend and to find a balance. To do so, we use a quantitative method to evaluate students' profiles and their level of satisfaction with the system. The results were obtained by a questionnaire and a survey, which show the role and use of technologies in the students' environment and the degree of satisfaction when using it in the educational processes. In line with our assumptions, the value of satisfaction in the use of an advanced visualization technology in the classroom reveals a high level of motivation, in general, with differentiation between students in their first and last phases of studies.
Network learning and trust: A case study of a benchmarking network
Authors: Dietrichson Lars G. , Bukh Per Nikolaj 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhen organizations engage in learning from each other through self‐governed networks, they may encounter challenges regarding confidentiality. This is particularly true if external accountability needs of the network participants conflict with internal accountability among participants and/or network‐level objectives. This study shows how important it is to have specific agreements about not using findings for accountability outside the network. Empirical evidence comes from a longitudinal case study of a benchmarking project involving six independent public sector companies. Based on reciprocal trust among the participants, the promise of confidentiality was made up front and enforced throughout the network collaboration by the participants themselves.
Applying machine learning methods to develop a successful aging maintenance prediction model based on physical fitness tests
Authors: Cai TianPan , Long JingWen , Kuang Jie , You Fu , Zou TingTing , Wu Lei 
Published: May 2020

AimThe purpose of this study was to develop a machine learning prediction model for successful aging (SA) based on physical fitness tests.MethodsA total of 3657 community‐dwelling adults aged ≥60 years from Nanchang city were recruited in this study. A 3‐year follow‐up test was carried out for all the participants to determine whether they turn to non‐SA. Developed questionnaires and physical fitness tests were used to obtain overall health condition, balance, agility, speed, reactions and gait. Four machine learning models (logistic regression, deep learning, random forest and gradient boosting decision tree) were applied to develop the prediction models, the analyzed sample was 890.ResultsThe baseline prevalence of successful aging was 26.99%, The average annual incidence rate of SA to non‐SA was 11.04%. There were significant differences between the SA and non‐SA groups for all physical fitness tests at baseline. The accuracy and area under the curve of all four machine learning models was >85%, the positive predictive value and sensitivity was >75%, and the specificity was >86% on the average. The deep learning model outperformed the other model, with area under the curve 90.00%, accuracy 89.3%, positive predictive value 85.8% and specificity 93.1%, respectively. Compared with other models, the logistic regression model performed best in sensitivity. Age, arm curl, 30‐s sit‐to‐stand and reaction time were important predictors in all models.ConclusionThe deep learning model is ideal in the prediction of SA maintenance, and the corresponding physical fitness interventions are essential to ensuring SA. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••–••.
Poorly differentiated clusters in colorectal cancer: a current review and implications for future practice
Authors: Shivji Sameer , Conner James R , Barresi Valeria , Kirsch Richard 
Published: May 2020

SummaryPoorly differentiated clusters (PDC), defined as small groups of ≥5 tumour cells without glandular differentiation, have gained recent attention as a promising prognostic factor in colorectal cancer (CRC). Numerous studies have shown PDC to be significantly associated with other adverse histopathological features and worse clinical outcomes. PDC may hold particular promise in stage II colon cancer, where risk stratification plays a critical role in patient selection for adjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that PDC can predict lymph node metastasis in endoscopically resected pT1 CRC, potentially helping the selection of patients for oncological resection. In ‘head‐to‐head’ comparisons, PDC grade has consistently outperformed conventional histological grading systems both in terms of risk stratification and reproducibility. With a number of large‐scale studies now available, this review evaluates the evidence regarding the prognostic significance of PDC, considers its relationship with other emerging invasive front prognostic markers (such as tumour budding and stroma type), assesses its ‘practice readiness’, addressing issues such as interobserver reproducibility, scoring methodologies and special histological subtypes (e.g. micropapillary and mucinous carcinoma), and draws attention to ongoing challenges and areas in need of further study. Finally, emerging data on the role of PDC in non‐colorectal cancers are briefly considered.
Impact of fat types on the rheological and textural properties of gluten‐free oat dough and cookie
Authors: Culetu Alina , Stoica‐Guzun Anicuta , Duta Denisa Eglantina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of six fats (margarine, butter, lard‐LAR, refined palm oil‐RPO, refined palm oil with stearin‐RPOS, hydrogenated palm oil‐HPO) with different solid fat content (SFC) on gluten‐free oat dough and cookie properties. RPOS and HPO had the highest SFC. RPO dough was the softest, whereas HPO was the hardest one. Dough hardness was correlated with SFC (r = 0.87). Dough stickiness was positively correlated with dough hardness (r = 0.92). Dough hardness influenced the breaking force of the cookies (r = 0.79). HPO were the hardest cookies. Oscillatory test revealed that HPO dough was the stiffest as well as presented a higher rigidity compared to the other samples as showed by the creep tests. LAR cookies were the darkest, while HPO were the lightest. SFC of fats is the most important composition parameter which influences thermal, textural and rheological properties of the oat dough.
Doctors' understanding of consent law
Authors: Skiba Rohen , Sikotra Nisha , Wilson Alexandra , Clay Timothy D. , Gabbay Eli 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground: Obtaining informed consent is an important responsibility of all doctors and is a major component of their day‐to‐day practice. However, little is known regarding practising doctors' understanding of consent in relation to medical law.Aims: To gain insights into current doctors' understanding of the legal requisites that underpin the consent of patients to medical procedures in Australia.Methods: A cross‐sectional survey of Western Australian medical practitioners was conducted. A 15‐question online questionnaire (SurveyMonkey, USA) was developed and distributed to Western Australia medical practitioners via social media, hospital‐based Junior doctor society pages and through the email accounts of practitioners registered with MDA National ‐ a large medical defence organisation. Doctors were questioned on their understanding of medicolegal responsibilities, informed consent practice and knowledge of a historically significant Australian medicolegal case (Rogers v Whitaker, 1992).Results: A total of 172 responses was received during the survey period. The respondents came from various levels of seniority and from a variety of subspecialist areas. The survey demonstrated that among the respondents, the understanding of their medicolegal responsibilities around the issues of informed consent was deficient. Only 31% of respondents were aware that it is a court of law that defines the reasonable standard of care in relation to obtaining informed consent. Less than half of the respondents (48%) were aware of the High Court of Australia's definition by which the standard of reasonable care is defined.Conclusion: The results from our survey suggest that there is a requirement to enhance the education of medical practitioners to meet the medicolegal requirements and optimise consent.
Adherence to guidelines regarding anticoagulation and risk factors for progression of atrial fibrillation in a nurse‐led clinic
Authors: Olivia Celine , Hastie Cheryl , Farshid Ahmad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest cardiac arrhythmia associated with an increased risk of stroke. Evidence suggests that management in a specialty clinic improves clinical outcomes of patients.Aims: To assess level of adherence to evidence‐based guidelines regarding anticoagulation and the risk factors for progression of AF in a nurse‐led AF clinic.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical records of 136 patients seen at the AF clinic to determine their risk factors and progression of AF (change in AF type to more advanced types) during follow up. Additionally, the proportion of patients with CHA2DS2‐VASC score (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 (doubled), diabetes mellitus, stroke (doubled)‐vascular disease, age 65–74 years, sex category (female)) of ≥2 who were prescribed anticoagulants according to European Society of Cardiology guidelines before and after attending the clinic was determined.Results: Rate of anticoagulation in patients with CHA2DS2‐VASC score of ≥2 after attending the clinic (91.3%) was significantly higher than the rate before attending the clinic (79.3%) (P = 0.0076). Mean age in those with AF progression (72.5 ± 9.4) was higher than those without AF progression (66.9 ± 13.9) (P = 0.0072). Rate of AF progression was higher in those with obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) (P = 0.0364) and those with excessive alcohol intake (>2 standard drinks) (P = 0.0039). History of hypertension was not a significant predictor of AF progression (P = 0.7507).Conclusions: Management of AF in a nurse‐led clinic was associated with high level of adherence to anticoagulation guidelines. Age, obesity and excessive alcohol intake were significant predictors for progression of AF.
The European Union Global Strategy and the EU's Maieutic Role*
Authors: Giusti Serena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe article suggests an exegesis of the conceptual tenets introduced by the EUGS. By focusing on the two disruptive concepts that have come forward in the document – principled pragmatism and resilience – it aims at unveiling the new role the EUGS allocates to the EU, especially in its neighbourhood. This recalls the Socratic maieutic method, blending the cognitive, aspirational and performative aspects suggested by principled pragmatism and resilience. Instead of spreading norms especially in its neighbourhood, the EU would rather engage selectively in a wider space, pragmatically supporting the others becoming resilient. While recognizing local agency and disowning the ‘one size fits all’ principle, this new role still legitimates the EU to influence the outside, although not structurally. This shift tends to de‐politicize external actions, with the risk of obfuscating the question of accountability and responsibility while maintaining the capability to influence.