bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Options in extracorporeal support of multiple organ failure
Authors: Huber W. , Ruiz de Garibay A. P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMultiorgan failure is among the most frequent reasons of death in critically ill patients. Based on extensive and long-term use of renal replacement therapy, extracorporeal organ support became available for other organ failures. Initially, most of these techniques (e.g. extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, extracorporeal CO2removal [ECCO2R] and extracorporeal liver support) were used as stand-alone single organ support systems. Considering multiple interactions between native organs (“crosstalk”), combined or integrated extracorporeal organ support (ECOS) devices are intriguing. The concept of multiple organ support therapy (MOST) providing simultaneous and combined support for different failing organs was described more than 15 years ago by Ronco and Bellomo. This concept also implicates overcoming the “compartmentalized” approach provided by different single organ specialized professionals by a multidisciplinary and multiprofessional strategy. The idea of MOST is supported by the failure of several recent studies onsingleorgan support including liver and lung support. Improvement of outcome by ECOS necessarily depends on optimized patient selection, integrated organ support and limitation of its side effects. This implicates challenges for engineers, industry and healthcare professionals. From a technical viewpoint, modular combination of pre-existing technologies such as renal replacement, albumin-dialysis, ECCO2R and potentially cytokine elimination can be considered as a first step. While this allows for stepwise and individual combination of standard organ support facilities, it carries the disadvantage of large extracorporeal blood volume and surfaces as well as additive costs. The more intriguing next step is an integrated platform providing the capacity of multiple organ support within one device. (This article is freely available.)
Klavikularekonstruktion bei Pseudarthrose nach lateraler Klavikulafraktur
Authors: Junker Marius , Farkhondeh-Fal Milad , Kircher Jörn 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungLaterale Klavikulafrakturen machen einen Anteil von bis zu 28 % aller Klavikulafrakturen aus und neigen zur Entstehung von Pseudarthrosen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein spezielles Operationsverfahren beschrieben. Hierbei erfolgte die Therapie durch eine Resektion des lateralen Fragments und Rekonstruktion der lateralen Klavikula mit Beckenkammspan sowie Hakenplattenfixierung, was nachfolgend zur Ausbildung eines Neo-Akromioklavikulargelenks (ACG) führte. Die 43-jährige Patientin klagte über bewegungsabhängige und Dauerschmerzen aufgrund einer lateralen Klavikulafraktur vor einem Jahr. Die klinische Untersuchung zeigte einen Druckschmerz im Bereich des ACG und einen positiven Cross-body-Test. In der bildgebenden Diagnostik (MRT und Röntgen) zeigt sich die Pseudarthrose im Bereich der lateralen Klavikula (Neer I, Jäger/Breitner I). Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Demonstration der Rekonstruktion des ACG mit Hakenplattenfixierung und Beckenkammspan. Im Follow-up zeigte sich eine gute Rekonstruktion der lateralen Klavikula unter Ausbildung eines Neo-ACG mit freier Beweglichkeit des Schultergelenks ohne Schmerzen.
Efficient limitation of resonant peaks by topology optimization including modal truncation augmentation
Authors: Delissen Arnoud , van Keulen Fred , Langelaar Matthijs 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn many engineering applications, the dynamic frequency response of systems is of high importance. In this paper, we focus on limiting the extreme values in frequency response functions, which occur at the eigenfrequencies of the system, better known as resonant peaks. Within an optimization, merely sampling the frequency range and limiting the maximum values result in high computational effort. Additionally, the sensitivities of this method are not complete, since only information about the resonance peak amplitude is included. The design dependence with respect to the frequency of the extreme value is missed, thus hampering the convergence. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a constraint which can efficiently and accurately limit resonant peaks in a frequency response function. It has a close relation with eigenfrequency maximization; however, in that case, the amplitudes of the frequency response are unconstrained. In order to keep the computational time low, efficient implementation of this constraint is studied using reduced-order models based on modal truncation and modal truncation augmentation. Furthermore, approximated sensitivities are investigated, resulting in a large computational gain, while still yielding very accurate sensitivities and designs with almost equivalent performance compared with the non-approximated case. Conditions are established for the accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed methods, depending on the number of peaks to be limited, numbers of inputs and outputs, and whether or not the system input and output are collocated.
Older Age Significantly Affects Mortality of Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Only When They Have High‐Risk Features
Authors: Ito Yasuhiro , Miyauchi Akira , Higashiyama Takuya , Masuoka Hiroo , Kihara Minoru , Miya Akihiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundOld age is a known prognostic factor for mortality in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cause‐specific survival (CSS) following PTC and the extent of old age.MethodsWe enrolled 4692 patients aged ≥ 55 years with PTC who underwent surgery between 1989 and 2009 at Kuma Hospital (median follow‐up period 140 months). The presence of at least one of the following was used to classify the patients as high risk: (1) tumor sizes > 4 cm, (2) node metastasis ≥ 3 cm, (3) significant extrathyroid extension corresponding to T4a, (4) extranodal tumor extension, and (5) distant metastasis. T1N0M0 PTC was classified as low risk, and all other patients were classified as intermediate risk. We divided all patients into three categories based on age: 55–64, 65–74, and ≥ 75 years.ResultsOne low‐risk patient (0.04%), 18 intermediate‐risk patients (1.5%), and 105 high‐risk patients (9.4%) died of PTC, and CSS of high‐risk patients was poorer than that of others (p < 0.0001). The CSS of low and intermediate‐risk patients did not differ with age. However, CSS of high‐risk patients became significantly poorer with advancing age (p = 0.0017 for 55–64 years vs. 65–74 years, and p = 0.0109 for 65–74 years vs. ≥ 75 years).ConclusionsAdvanced age has a significant prognostic impact on CSS only for high‐risk patients with PTC.
Insufflation pressure above 25 mm Hg confers no additional benefit over lower pressure insufflation during posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy: a retrospective multi-centre propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Billmann Franck , Strobel Oliver , Billeter Adrian , Thomusch Oliver , Keck Tobias , Langan Ewan Andrew , Pfeiffer Aylin , Nickel Felix , Müller-Stich Beat Peter 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Insufflation pressures of or in excess of 25 mm Hg CO2 are routinely used during posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy (PRA) in most centres. A critical analysis of the surgical literature provides limited evidence to support this strategy.

Objective
To determine whether high pressure (≥ 25 mm Hg) compared with lower pressure (< 25 mm Hg) retroperitoneoscopy reduces operating time and complications.

Methods
A multi-centre retrospective cohort study was performed using data collected over a period of almost one decade (1st November 2008 until 1st February 2018) from surgical centres in Germany. A total of 1032 patients with benign adrenal tumours were identified. We compared patients undergoing PRA with insufflation pressures of < 25 mm Hg (G20 group) versus ≥ 25 mm Hg (G25 group). A propensity score matching analysis was performed using BMI, tumour size and surgeon's experience as independent variables. The main outcomes were (1) the incidence of perioperative complications and (2) the length of operating time.

Results
The baseline patient characteristics were similar in both groups, with the exception of tumour size, BMI and surgeon's experience in PRA. After propensity score matching, perioperative outcomes, especially perioperative complications (3.7% vs. 5.5% in G20 and G25, respectively; p = 0.335) and operation duration (47 min vs. 45 min in G20 and G25, respectively; p = 0.673), did not significantly differ between the groups.

Conclusion
Neither patient safety nor operative success was compromised when PRA was performed with insufflation pressures below 25 mm Hg. Prospective studies are required to determine whether an optimal insufflation pressure exists that maximizes patient safety and minimizes the risks of post-surgical complications. Nevertheless, our results call for a careful re-evaluation of the routine use of high insufflation pressures during PRA. In the absence of prospective data, commencing PRA with lower insufflation pressures, with the option of increasing insufflation pressures to counter intraoperative bleeding or exposition difficulties, may represent a reasonable strategy.
Combination of PbFE as an electrochemical sensor and cupferron as a complexing agent for the rapid determination of Mo(VI)
Authors: Adamczyk Marzena , Grabarczyk Malgorzata 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn analytical procedure regarding the trace determination of molybdenum in natural water samples by adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) using the in situ plated lead film electrode (PbFE) was described. The method is based on adsorptive accumulation of the Mo(VI)-cupferron complex at the PbFE surface. The optimum analytical conditions include the supporting electrolyte containing 0.2-mol L−1 acetic buffer pH = 5.3, 1.45 × 10−4-mol L−1 Pb(II), and 2.0 × 10−4-mol L−1cupferron. A linear response of Mo(VI) in the concentration range of 3.0 × 10−8 to 1.0 × 10−6 mol L−1 (r = 0.997) was obtained with detection limit of 9.0 × 10−9 mol L−1 using accumulation time of 50 s. The selectivity of the method was determined by investigating how the presence of foreign ions affects the determination of molybdenum. The interferences of surface-active substances and humic substances on the molybdenum voltammetric signal were precisely examined and effectively minimized by preliminary mixing with Amberlite XAD-7 resin. The application of the proposed procedure to the analysis of natural water samples was validated by the determination of molybdenum in certificate reference materials SPS-SW1 surface water, Bystrzyca river, tap, and mineral water.
Biochars obtained from freshwater biomass—green macroalga and hornwort as Cr(III) ions sorbents
Authors: Mokrzycki Jakub , Michalak Izabela , Rutkowski Piotr 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo different aquatic biomass sources—freshwater hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) and macroalga (Cladophora glomerata L.)—were used to produce biochars, which were investigated as Cr(III) ion sorbents. Wide range of pyrolysis temperatures from 250 to 800 °C was examined. Resultant biochars were characterized in detail by means of proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, FT-IR, SEM imaging, Boehm titration, and mercury porosimetry. The sorption capacities of the macroalga biochars varied from 104.2 to 163.9 mg g−1, whereas for hornwort biochars from 37.6 to 60.2 mg g−1. Obtained results were compared with literature data, suggesting that pyrolysis temperature and mineral matter content have crucial impact on the sorption capacities of Cr(III) ions. Simple thermal valorization of invasive aquatic macrophytes, i.e., hornwort or macroalga, allows to produce efficient adsorbents for chromium(III) ion removal from water.
Intentionally or Ambivalently Risking a Short Interpregnancy Interval: Reproductive-Readiness Factors in Women’s Postpartum Non-Use of Contraception
Authors: Rendall Michael S. , Harrison Eowna Young , Caudillo Mónica L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A focus of research on short interpregnancy intervals (IPI) has been on young disadvantaged women whose births are likely to be unintended. Later initiation of family formation in the United States and other high-income countries points to the need to also consider a woman’s attributes indicative of readiness for purposefully accelerated family formation achieved through short IPIs. We test for whether factors indicating “reproductive readiness”—including being married, being older, and having just had a first birth or a birth later than desired—predict a woman’s non-use of contraception in the postpartum months. We also test for whether this contraceptive non-use results explicitly from wanting to become pregnant again. The data come from the 2012–2015 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, representing women who recently gave birth in any of 35 U.S. states and New York City (N = 120,111). We find that these reproductive-readiness factors are highly predictive of women’s postpartum non-use of contraception because of a stated desire to become pregnant and are moderately predictive of contraceptive non-use without an explicit pregnancy intention. We conclude that planning for, or ambivalently risking, a short IPI is a frequent family-formation strategy for women whose family formation has been delayed. This is likely to become increasingly common as family formation in the United States is initiated later in the reproductive life course.
A New Antimalarial Noreudesmane Sesquiterpenoid from Dobinea delavayi
Authors: Wu Xiu-Rong , Shen Yi , Cui Shu-Jun , Luo Xiao-Lei , Xiao Chao-Jiang , Jiang Bei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
One previously undescribed angeloylated noreudesmane sesquiterpenoid, dobinin O (1), along with four known eudesmane sesquiterpenoids (2–5) were isolated from the peeled roots of Dobinea delavayi. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analyses. In addition, compound 1 exhibited moderate antimalarial activity against Plasmodium yoelii BY265RFP with the inhibition ratio of 17.8 ± 13.3% at the dose of 30 mg/kg/day.

Graphic Abstract
THE STATUS OF CHILDREN BORN OUT OF WEDLOCK AND ADOPTED CHILDREN IN INDONESIA: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ISLAMIC,ADAT, AND HUMAN RIGHTS NORMS
Authors: Nurlaelawati Euis , van Huis Stijn Cornelis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article examines the cases of children born out of wedlock and adopted children with the aim of depicting the mechanisms through which the concepts of biological fatherhood, derived from the human-rights framework, and adoption, derived from the customary law framework, have been adopted into Indonesian Islamic family law. We argue that the introduction of external concepts into family law pertaining to Muslims requires an adaptation process in which the relation between these external concepts and core Islamic family law concepts is determined. In the case of children born out of wedlock, this adaptation to core Islamic norms means that biological fatherhood does not lead to a full legal father-child relationship, despite a 2012 Constitutional Court ruling establishing that children born out of wedlock have a civil relationship with their biological father. In the case of adoption, it means that there is no full adoption, despite recognition of customary adoptions under Indonesian law. We argue that in a context of strong support for a religion-based family law, reforms tend to take the form of conditions or exceptions to core religious concepts, as replacing these concepts altogether would be perceived as jeopardizing the religious character of the law. While attempts to replace core Islamic family law concepts will inevitably meet strong resistance, there is much more tolerance for introducing family law reforms that aim at changing the way that Islamic concepts are applied in practice.
Enumerating isoclinism classes of semi-extraspecial groups
Authors: Lewis Mark L. , Maglione Joshua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe enumerate the number of isoclinism classes of semi-extraspecialp-groups with derived subgroup of orderp2. To do this, we enumerate GL (2,p)-orbits of sets of irreducible, monic polynomials in 𝔽p[x]. Along the way, we also provide a new construction of an infinite family of semi-extraspecial groups as central quotients of Heisenberg groups over local algebras.
Historical Antecedents and Post-World War II Regionalism in the Americas
Authors: Long Tom 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTAfter World War II, the US-led international security order exhibited substantial regional variation. Explaining this variation has been central to the debate over why is there nonatoin Asia. But this debate overlooks the emergence of multilateral security arrangements between the United States and Latin American countries during the same critical juncture. These inter-American institutions are puzzling considering the three factors most commonly used to explain divergence betweennatoand Asia: burden-sharing, external threats, and collective identity. These conditions fail to explain contemporaneous emergence of inter-American security multilateralism. Although the postwar inter-American system has been characterized as the solidification of US dominance, at the time of its framing, Latin American leaders judged the inter-American system as their best bet for maintaining beneficial US involvement in the Western Hemisphere while reinforcing voice opportunities for weaker states and imposing institutional constraints on US unilateralism. Drawing on multinational archival research, the author advances a historical institutionalist account. Shared historical antecedents of regionalism shaped the range of choices for Latin American and US leaders regarding the desirability and nature of new regional institutions while facilitating institutional change through mechanisms of layering and conversion during this critical juncture.
Determinants of Overnight Stay in Health Centres and Length of Admission: A Study of Canadian Seniors
Authors: Amegbor Prince M. , Plumb Kyle B. , Rosenberg Mark W. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThis study examines the influence of chronic health conditions and socio-economic status on overnight admission and length of stay among Canadian seniors. Incremental multivariate logistic and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models assessed the relationship between selected predictors, overnight admission, and duration of stay. The findings show that all chronic health conditions and socio-economic factors examined were significantly associated with overnight hospital admission. However, seniors with cardiovascular health conditions, the very old, and seniors living in lower-income households had a greater risk of longer stays. Canadian seniors diagnosed with hypertension, cancer, diabetes, and stroke had greater risk of longer overnight hospital stays. Seniors aged 75 to 79 years, 80 years or older, and those living in lower-income households (≤ $39,999) were more likely to have a longer overnight hospital stay. Findings suggest that improving seniors’ health and socio-economic status may reduce the risk of overnight admission and longer stays of hospitalisation.
The factors associated with natural disease progression from HIV to AIDS in the absence of ART, a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Jia X. C. , Xia Z. H. , Shi N. , Wang Y. P. , Luo Z. X. , Yang Y. L. , Shi X. Z. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study aimed at comparing the factors associated with the natural progression between typical progressors (TPs) and rapid progressors (RPs) in HIV-infected individuals. A retrospective study was conducted on 2095 eligible HIV-infected individuals from 1995 to 2016 in a high-risk area of Henan Province, China. Propensity score matching was used to balance covariates, and the conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the factors of natural disease progression among HIV infectors. A total of 379 pairs of RPs and TPs were matched. The standardised difference values of all covariates were less than 10%. HIV-infected individuals transmitted through sexual transmission (odds ratio (OR) 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36–0.85) were more likely to progress to AIDS compared with those infected through contaminated blood. Older age at diagnosis of HIV-infected individuals (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58–0.89) exhibited a faster progression to AIDS. HIV-infected individuals identified through a unique survey (OR 7.01, 95% CI 2.99–16.44) were less likely to progress to AIDS compared with those identified through medical institutions. HIV-infected individuals who had higher baseline CD4+T cell counts (OR 3.37, 95% CI 2.59–4.38) had a slower progression to AIDS. These findings provide evidence for natural disease progression from HIV to AIDS between TPs and RPs.
Phonological rule spreading across hostile lines: (TH)-fronting in Philadelphia
Authors: Sneller Betsy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article examines the transfer of (TH)-fronting, a phonological feature of African American English, into the speech of white speakers from South Philadelphia. While most cases of linguistic diffusion, particularly of African American English, are found in speakers with a positive affiliation with the source dialect (e.g., Bucholtz, 1999; Cutler, 1999; Fix, 2010), here the white adopters of (TH)-fronting exhibit overtly hostile attitudes toward black neighbors. I argue that (TH)-fronting has been adopted as an index ofstreetormasculinityby the white speakers in this study. Furthermore, I demonstrate that the phonological constraints on borrowed (TH)-fronting have been restricted and simplified from the constraints in the source dialect. Finally, I discuss how hostile interactions may play a role in language change, allowing change in dialects not only to proceed in tandem across unexpected boundaries (e.g., Milroy & Milroy, 1985), but also to be directly diffused across hostile boundaries.
Differences in the dietary habits of Verreaux’s Eagles Aquila verreauxii between peri-urban and rural populations
Authors: PADAYACHEE KAILEN , MALAN GERARD , LÜBCKER NICO , WOODBORNE STEPHAN , HALL GRANT 
Published: February 2020

SummaryDifferences in the diets of urban and rural avian predators could indicate potential niche vulnerability in a particular habitat. This study compares the core-isotopic niche areas and diet disparity of a declining peri-urban Verreaux’s Eagle Aquila verreauxii population with a stable rural population in South Africa. In addition to stable isotope analyses, the diet of the peri-urban Verreaux’s Eagles was investigated using camera trap footage of prey delivered during the nesting season. Dominant prey consisted of species with a mixed diet of plants with a C3 and/or C4 photosynthetic pathway (browsers and grazers). Rock hyrax Procavia capensis contributed 60% of the total diet composition, scrub hare Lepus saxatilis 26% and Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris 22%. The core-isotopic niche area for each population was calculated using bulk carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope values chronological measured along the length of 18 feathers from 21 nests. The isotopic niche of the rural eagle population revealed that they consume prey from multiple trophic levels with a C3-plant-dominated prey base (browsers), likely including small carnivores. In contrast the isotopic niche of the peri-urban Verreaux’s Eagles correlated with the mixed mammalian and avian food-niche determined from camera trapping, confirming that the peri-urban population mainly hunted three abundant species that are all narrowly associated with modified human habitats. The decline in the Magaliesberg Verreaux’s Eagle population is, therefore, unlikely to be due to constraints in their dietary niche, as raptors benefit from the diversity and abundance of human-commensal prey associated with the peri-urban habitats.