bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ICI‐RS 2019 nocturia think tank: How can experimental science guide us in understanding the pathophysiology of nocturia?
Authors: Vahabi Bahareh , Jabr Rita , Fry Chris , McCloskey Karen , Everaert Karel , Agudelo Christina W. , Monaghan Thomas F. , Rahnama'i Mohammad S. , Panicker Jalesh N. , Weiss Jeffrey P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe following is a report on the proceedings of the 2019 International Consultation on Incontinence‐Research Society nocturia think tank (NTT).ObjectivesThe objectives of the 2019 NTT were as follows: (a) to evaluate the role of urothelium in the pathophysiology of nocturia; (b) to determine whether nocturia is a circadian disorder; (c) to discuss the role of melatonin in nocturia; (d) to consider ambulatory urodynamic monitoring in evaluating patients with nocturia; (e) to explore studies of water handling in human compartments utilizing heavy water; and (f) to explore whether basic science is the key to understanding the treatment options for diminished bladder capacity in patients with nocturia.MethodsA compendium of discussions of the role of experimental science in understanding the pathophysiology of nocturia is described herein.Results and ConclusionsTranslational science will play an increasing role in understanding the pathophysiology of nocturia, which may result in improved treatment strategies.
Cellulose nanocrystals from curaua fibers and poly[ethylene‐co‐(vinyl acetate)] nanocomposites: Effect of drying process of CNCs on thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Corrêa Ana Carolina , Teodoro Kelcilene Bruna Ricardo , Simão José Alexandre , Claro Pedro Ivo Cunha , de Morais Teixeira Eliangela , Mattoso Luiz Henrique Capparelli , Marconcini José Manoel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPoly[ethylene‐co‐(vinyl acetate)] (EVA) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from curaua fibers were used to obtain nanocomposites. Due to polarity that acetate groups promote in EVA, they tend to present better affinity with cellulose nanostructures without compatibilizers. In addition, the influence of the drying conditions of CNCs suspension on their dispersion through the matrix was also evaluated. CNCs were obtained via acid hydrolysis in a mixture of sulfuric and hydrochloric acids. Part of CNCs in neutral suspension was freeze‐dried and part was dried in an oven with air circulation. The dried CNCs were incorporated into EVA at concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 wt% of each CNCs. The compositions were processed in a corotating twin‐screw extruder and injection molded. Morphological results showed better dispersion and adhesion of freeze‐dried nanocrystals into EVA, and these nanocomposites also presented increase in elastic modulus and elongation at break, resulting in more resilient and elastic materials.
Surface‐Initiated RAFT Polymerization of 2,3‐Dimethyl‐1,3‐butadiene on Silica Nanoparticles for Matrix‐free Methyl Rubber Nanocomposites
Authors: Abbas Zaid M. , Khani Mohammed M. , Tawfilas Massimo , Marsh Zachary M. , Stefik Morgan , Benicewicz Brian C. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTReversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of 2,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐butadiene (DMB) in solution and on the surface of silica nanoparticles was investigated and PDMB‐grafted silica nanoparticles (PDMB‐g‐SiO2 NPs) with different chain densities and molecular weights were prepared. The kinetic studies of DMB polymerization mediated by silica anchored RAFT agents at different graft densities were investigated and compared to the polymerization mediated by the corresponding free RAFT agent. The PDMB‐g‐SiO2 NPs were cured to prepare rubbery films and obtain matrix‐free nanocomposites, which exhibited a good dispersion of silica nanoparticles and improved mechanical properties compared to the unfilled crosslinked rubber. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 417–427
The impact of using reconditioned correlated observation‐error covariance matrices in the Met Office 1D‐Var system
Authors: Tabeart Jemima M. , Dance Sarah L. , Lawless Amos S. , Migliorini Stefano , Nichols Nancy K. , Smith Fiona , Waller Joanne A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent developments in numerical weather prediction have led to the use of correlated observation‐error covariance (OEC) information in data assimilation and forecasting systems. However, diagnosed OEC matrices are often ill‐conditioned and may cause convergence problems for variational data assimilation procedures. Reconditioning methods are used to improve the conditioning of covariance matrices while retaining correlation information. In this article, we study the impact of using the “ridge regression” method of reconditioning to assimilate Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) observations in the Met Office 1D‐Var system. This is the first systematic investigation of how changing target condition numbers affects convergence of a 1D‐Var routine. This procedure is used for quality control, and to estimate key variables (skin temperature, cloud‐top pressure, cloud fraction) that are not analysed by the main 4D‐Var data assimilation system. Our new results show that the current (uncorrelated) OEC matrix requires more iterations to reach convergence than any choice of correlated OEC matrix studied. This suggests that using a correlated OEC matrix in the 1D‐Var routine would have computational benefits for IASI observations. Using reconditioned correlated OEC matrices also increases the number of observations that pass quality control. However, the impact on skin temperature, cloud fraction, and cloud‐top pressure is less clear. As the reconditioning parameter is increased, differences between retrieved variables for correlated OEC matrices and the operational diagonal OEC matrix reduce. As correlated choices of OEC matrix yield faster convergence, using stricter convergence criteria along with these matrices may increase efficiency and improve quality control.
A convective‐scale 1,000‐member ensemble simulation and potential applications
Authors: Necker Tobias , Geiss Stefan , Weissmann Martin , Ruiz Juan , Miyoshi Takemasa , Lien Guo‐Yuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study presents the first convective‐scale 1,000‐member ensemble simulation over central Europe, which provides a unique data set for various applications. A comparison with the operational regional 40‐member ensemble of Deutscher Wetterdienst shows that the 1,000‐member simulation exhibits realistic spread properties overall. Based on this, we discuss two potential applications. First, we quantify the sampling error of spatial covariances of smaller subsets compared with the 1,000‐member simulation. Knowledge about sampling errors and their dependence on ensemble size is crucial for ensemble and hybrid data assimilation and for developing better approaches for localization in this context. Secondly, we present an approach for estimating the relative potential impact of different observable quantities using ensemble sensitivity analysis. This will provide the basis for consecutive studies developing future observation and data assimilation strategies. Sensitivity studies on the ensemble size indicate that about 200 ensemble members are required to estimate the potential impact of observable quantities with respect to precipitation forecasts.
Climatic and anthropogenic impacts on water and sediment generation in the middle reach of the Jinsha River Basin
Authors: Zhang Pingping , Cai Yanpeng , Yang Wei , Yi Yujun , Yang Zhifeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResponse of water and sediment generation to climate change and anthropogenic activities is becoming a hot topic in the middle reach of the Jinsha River Basin. In this research, coefficients of variation and concentration degree (i.e., Cv and Cd) and double mass curve (DDC) were adopted to examine the changes in water and sediment discharge and their relationships with precipitation. The contribution rates of climatic and anthropogenic factors to water and sediment discharge were assessed through comparisons between the measured and predicted values in the baseline and postbaseline periods in the basin. The main results were: (a) the water and sediment discharges of the basin showed a decreasing trend from 2006 to 2014, with peak points of Cv and Cd of sediment discharge of the basin in 2009 and 2010, respectively; (b) the precipitation had a major influence on water discharge variations, and the peak point of the DDC of the cumulative precipitation and sediment discharge was consistent with the cumulative water and sediment discharge; and (c) under annual and flooding season scales, the contribution rates of anthropogenic factors to water discharge were 63.060% and 70.457%, respectively. The contribution rates of anthropogenic factors on sediment discharge were 84.790% and 85.541%, respectively. The impacts of anthropogenic factors on water and sediment discharge were more significant than the impacts of precipitation, in which the construction and operation of cascade hydropower stations (CHS) were believed to play a crucial role.
Addressing Multiple Ions Using Single Optical Probe: Multi‐Color Response via Mutually Independent Sensing Pathways
Authors: Dey Nilanjan , Bhattacharjee Subham , Bhattacharya Santanu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMultiresponsive smart optical probe based on p‐phenylene vinylene backbone is designed for simultaneous sensing of multiple ions, such as Cu2+, Zn2+ and F− at pH 7.4. A rapid color change from colorless to deep yellow is observed upon addition of both Cu2+ and Zn2+ ion. However, under long UV lamp, the green‐colored emission of the probe is specifically quenched in the presence of Cu2+, while Zn2+ induces change in the emission color from green to yellow. On the contrary, F−, unlike Cu2+ and Zn2+, does not render any change in visible color, however, an emission quenching, similar to that of Cu2+ addition, was noticed. The binding of metal ions to the central bipyridine core diminishes the ‘conformational flexibility’ and facilitates ‘ligand to metal ion’ charge transfer. On the contrary, addition of fluoride triggers the cleavage of silyl ether groups and results in the photo‐induced electron transfer from free hydroxyl groups to the core aromatic unit. Thus, we can detect as well as discriminate these three ions (Cu2+, Zn2+ and F−) simultaneously by comparing the respective output signals. Further, a sustainable strategy has been developed for on‐site detection of toxic ions using reusable, low‐cost paper strips. Most importantly, the current method is found to be fairly effective in quantifying (as evident by relatively smaller standard deviation values) the presence of toxic metal ions, above permissible levels, in a wide range of natural water samples. Further, estimation of fluoride is achieved in commercially available toothpaste and mouthwash products.
Dinuclear μ‐Phenoxo and μ‐Hydroxo Bridged Copper Complexes Exhibiting Oxidation of Phenols and Isoelectronic Compounds: Cytotoxicity and Evidences for Cellular Apoptosis
Authors: Mawai Kiran , Nathani Sandip , Tuglak Khan Firoz Shah , Verma Pankaj , Kumari Sheela , Roy Partha , Singh U. P. , Ghosh Kaushik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe compartmental pentadentate ligands HLR (where R=Me, OMe, tBu) have been utilized for the synthesis of dinuclear hydroxo and phenolato bridged copper complexes viz. [Cu2(LMe)(μ‐OPh)(μ‐OH](ClO4)2]CH3CN; (1), [Cu2(LOMe)(μ‐OPh)(μ‐OH)(μ‐OH2)](ClO4)2.CH3CN; (2) and [Cu2(LtBu)(μ‐OPh)(μ‐OH)(OH2)](ClO4)2; (3). All the three complexes were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. Tyrosinase activity was studied by insitu reaction of Cu(I) and ligands exploiting 2,4‐di‐tert‐butyl phenol as substrate. The phenolic substrate (2,4‐DTBP) underwent radical mediated C−C coupling reaction with no insertion of molecular oxygen in contrast to the oxidative aromatic hydroxylation reaction. The catalytic activities of complexes 1–3 on diphenols and related substrate molecules were investigated and all three complexes efficiently oxidize 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol. Treatment of copper complexes on o‐aminophenol and o‐phenylene diamine resulted in the oxidative coupling of substrate molecules, leading to the formation of phenoxazinone and diaminophenazine respectively. Furthermore, oxidative properties of reported copper complexes were studied in relevance to their ability in inducing apoptotic cell death. Remarkably, all three copper complexes (1, 2 and 3) exhibited excellent cytotoxic activity towards MCF‐7 cell lines (human breast cancer cell lines) with IC50 values of 1.6 μM, 2.0 μM and 0.65 μM respectively and carried out self activated DNA cleavage of plasmid pUC18 DNA.
Hydrothermal Carbon‐Doped Polyethylene Glycol as Phase‐Change Materials with Good Thermal Conductivity and Shape‐Stability
Authors: Yang Huizhi , Yu Xiaohan , Ge Chunhua , Bai Yufeng , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPolyethylene glycol (PEG) is limited by the low thermal‐conductivity and poor shape‐stability in practical applications. In our work, the thermal conductivity and shape‐stable phase change Materials (SSPCMs) doped with hydrothermal carbon (HTC) was successfully prepared. HTC with ‐ OH and ‐ COOH groups on the surface was prepared by hydrothermal carbonization of glucose. The hydrogen bonds were formed between functional groups on HTC surface and PEG to obtain the network structure. When the HTC doping ratio is 6 wt%, good shape‐stability can be achieved. Besides, the thermal conductivity of the HTC/PEG SSPCMs with the HTC doping ratio of 9 wt% is 0.6121 W/(m⋅K), which is 134.7% higher than PEG. The DSC results show that the melting enthalpy (ΔHm) of PEG and HTC/PEG SSPCMs is almost the same, as is the crystallization enthalpy (ΔHc). It indicates that doping HTC does not substantially affect the heat storage capacity of PEG.
Reverse Microemulsion Synthesis of Mesopore Phloroglucinol‐Resorcinol‐Formaldehyde Carbon Aerogel Microsphere as Nano‐Platinum Catalyst Support for ORR
Authors: Su Lei , Wang Chao‐Yang , Luo Zhi‐Hui , Wu Jian‐Kun , Zeng Min , Xiao Yu‐Wei , Yi Yong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCarbon aerogel (CA) microspheres are modified CA materials that can be prepared by reverse microemulsion and ambient pressure drying and without solvent exchanged. However, mesopore size of traditional resorcinol‐formaldehyde (RF) carbon aerogel microsphere is too small (3‐5 nm) to support nano‐platinum catalyst. In this study, we utilize reverse microemulsion polymerization and ambient pressure drying to develop a series of phloroglucinol‐resorcinol‐formaldehyde (PRF) carbon aerogel microspheres. These carbon aerogel microspheres possess large mesopore size (10–30 nm) and high specific surface area (1300–2000 m2 g−1). Compared with commercial Pt/C, the PRF carbon aerogel as nano‐platinum catalyst support shows the better and durable catalytic activity. The initial mass and electrochemical active surface area of the best performance of Pt/CA are 2.9 and 2.8 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C respectively. After the accelerated stability test (ADT), Pt/CA still keeps a mass and electrochemical active surface area up to 0.15 A mg−1 and 86.4 m2 g−1, while the commercial Pt/C lost to 0.02 A mg−1 and 42.8 m2 g−1. The stability of Pt/CA shows about 7.5 times enhancements compared to commercial Pt/C.
Stressful life events and adolescent well‐being: The role of parent and peer relationships
Authors: McMahon Grace , Creaven Ann‐Marie , Gallagher Stephen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt is well established that stressful life events (e.g., family bereavements or moving to a new country) are damaging to psychological health and well‐being. Indeed, social relationships are often noted as an important factor that can influence well‐being and buffer the negative effects of stress. However, the quality and source of these relationships, particularly for adolescents, are often overlooked. Using the Growing Up in Ireland Survey, a population‐based study of 13‐year‐old Irish adolescents (N = 7,525; 51.1% female), the current study examines the quality of both parent and peer relationships as potential mechanisms explaining the association between stressful life events and psychological well‐being indices in adolescents. As expected, results showed that stressful life events negatively impacted the psychological well‐being of adolescents. Parallel mediation analyses indicated that both parent and peer relationship quality mediated this association. Further exploratory analyses found that for girls, greater numbers of stressful life events were associated with poorer quality relationships with both their parents and peers, and in turn, these were linked to lower levels of psychological well‐being. For boys, this effect was only evident for parental relationship quality, but not peers. The implication of these findings for adolescent's psychological well‐being, particularly for girls, is discussed.
Enhancing organic food identity through green marketing in Thailand: Mediating role of environmental, health, and social consciousness
Authors: Jermsittiparsert Kittisak , Haseeb Muhammad , Dawabsheh Mohammed 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGreen marketing is revolutionizing all aspects of business including organic food industry. Few years back, it was hard for consumers to identify themselves with organic food but with a developed consciousness through green marketing, they are consuming such food in a larger quantity. The purpose of this study was to check the impact of green marketing on organic food identity and also to see the mediating roles of environmental, health, and social consciousness in this respective relationship. Thailand is emerging as one of the largest consumers of organic food and this study has collected data from its 308 residents through questionnaire‐based survey. The results of structural equation modeling have shown that green marketing enhances organic food identity while social and health consciousness significantly mediate the relationship between them. However, the mediating role of environmental consciousness was observed insignificant in the relationship between green marketing and organic food identity. Originality of this study is in the mediating roles of consciousness dimensions which were not observed previously. Implications of this study are for food consumers, organic food manufacturers and the government of Thailand.
A network meta‐analysis of the effects of psychotherapies, pharmacotherapies and their combination in the treatment of adult depression
Authors: Cuijpers Pim , Noma Hisashi , Karyotaki Eirini , Vinkers Christiaan H. , Cipriani Andrea , Furukawa Toshi A. 
Published: January 2020

No network meta‐analysis has examined the relative effects of psychotherapies, pharmacotherapies and their combination in the treatment of adult depression, while this is a very important clinical issue. We conducted systematic searches in bibliographical databases to identify randomized trials in which a psychotherapy and a pharmacotherapy for the acute or long‐term treatment of depression were compared with each other, or in which the combination of a psychotherapy and a pharmacotherapy was compared with either one alone. The main outcome was treatment response (50% improvement between baseline and endpoint). Remission and acceptability (defined as study drop‐out for any reason) were also examined. Possible moderators that were assessed included chronic and treatment‐resistant depression and baseline severity of depression. Data were pooled as relative risk (RR) using a random‐effects model. A total of 101 studies with 11,910 patients were included. Depression in most studies was moderate to severe. In the network meta‐analysis, combined treatment was more effective than psychotherapy alone (RR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.14‐1.39) and pharmacotherapy alone (RR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.14‐1.37) in achieving response at the end of treatment. No significant difference was found between psychotherapy alone and pharmacotherapy alone (RR=0.99; 95% CI: 0.92‐1.08). Similar results were found for remission. Combined treatment (RR=1.23; 95% CI: 1.05‐1.45) and psychotherapy alone (RR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.02‐1.32) were more acceptable than pharmacotherapy. Results were similar for chronic and treatment‐resistant depression. The combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy seems to be the best choice for patients with moderate depression. More research is needed on long‐term effects of treatments (including cost‐effectiveness), on the impact of specific pharmacological and non‐pharmacological approaches, and on the effects in specific populations of patients.
Metformin add‐on vs. antipsychotic switch vs. continued antipsychotic treatment plus healthy lifestyle education in overweight or obese youth with severe mental illness: results from the IMPACT trial
Authors: Correll Christoph U. , Sikich Linmarie , Reeves Gloria , Johnson Jacqueline , Keeton Courtney , Spanos Marina , Kapoor Sandeep , Bussell Kristin , Miller Leslie , Chandrasekhar Tara , Sheridan Eva M. , Pirmohamed Sara , Reinblatt Shauna P. , Alderman Cheryl , Scheer Abigail , Borner Irmgard , Bethea Terrence C. , Edwards Sarah , Hamer Robert M. , Riddle Mark A. 
Published: January 2020

Antipsychotics are used for many psychiatric conditions in youth. Although developmentally inappropriate weight gain and metabolic abnormalities, which are risk factors for premature cardiovascular mortality, are especially frequent in youth, optimal strategies to reduce pediatric antipsychotic‐induced overweight/obesity are unclear. The Improving Metabolic Parameters in Antipsychotic Child Treatment (IMPACT) was a randomized, parallel group, 24‐week clinical trial which enrolled overweight/obese, psychiatrically stable youth, aged 8‐19 years, with a DSM‐IV diagnosis of severe mental illness (schizophrenia spectrum disorder, bipolar spectrum disorder or psychotic depression), at four US universities. All of them had developed substantial weight gain following treatment with a second‐generation antipsychotic. The centralized, computer‐based randomization system assigned participants to unmasked treatment groups: metformin (MET); antipsychotic switch (aripiprazole or, if already exposed to that drug, perphenazine or molindone; SWITCH); or continued baseline antipsychotic (CONTROL). All participants received healthy lifestyle education. The primary outcome was body mass index (BMI) z‐score change from baseline, analyzed using estimated least squares means. Altogether, 127 participants were randomized: 49 to MET, 31 to SWITCH, and 47 to CONTROL. BMI z‐score decreased significantly with MET (week 24: –0.09±0.03, p=0.002) and SWITCH (week 24: –0.11±0.04, p=0.003), while it increased non‐significantly with CONTROL (week 24: +0.04±0.03). On 3‐way comparison, BMI z‐score changes differed significantly (p=0.001). MET and SWITCH were each superior to CONTROL (p=0.002), with effect sizes of 0.68 and 0.81 respectively, while MET and SWITCH did not differ. More gastrointestinal problems occurred in MET than in SWITCH or CONTROL. The data safety monitoring board closed the perphenazine‐SWITCH arm because 35.2% of subjects discontinued treatment due to psychiatric worsening. These data suggest that pediatric antipsychotic‐related overweight/obesity can be reduced by adding metformin or switching to a lower risk antipsychotic. Healthy lifestyle education is not sufficient to prevent ongoing BMI z‐score increase.