bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility to Malaria During the Prevention of Re-introduction/Re-establishment Phase in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jeevatharan Hamsananthy , AR Wickremasinghe 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSusceptibility to malaria is the predisposition of populations to be infected by malaria parasites. It is influenced by the age-sex composition, parasitaemia, immunity, pregnancy status, type of residency, socio economic status, history migration of the population; broadly biological and generic factors. As imported cases are still being reported and one introduced malaria case was reported in 2018, prevention of re-introduction/re-establishment of malaria is a challenge for Sri Lanka. Addressing susceptibility to malaria is crucial for planning and implementing appropriate interventions to sustain malaria-free status of the country. The aim of this study was to assess susceptibility to malaria during the prevention of re-introduction/re-establishment phase in Sri Lanka. Methods A national survey was conducted among 3,454 households. A multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select the households. Susceptibility was assessed based on a developed conceptual framework adapted from Kienberger and Hagenlocher (2014), and an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 package. ResultsThere was zero prevalence of malaria parasites both in the general population and among fever patients. The proportion of population who had been overseas within the last 3 years in the urban sector (4.5%, n=99) was significantly higher than that of rural (2.8%, n=288) and estate sectors (0.2%, n=2) (χ42=66.103; p<0.001) and it significantly declined with the wealth index up to the 4thquintile with a slight rise in the 5th quintile (χ82=60.985; P<0.001).Conclusions Zero prevalence of malaria parasites supports the malaria-free status of the country and pooled blood samples may be tested during reactive case surveillance as a cost-effective approach. Urban and upper socioeconomic class population should be targeted for screening and awareness programmes on prevention of re-establishment of malaria.As susceptibility is a dynamic phenomenon, its assessment should be done periodically. Combining it with the resilience and receptivity, social vulnerability and risk of re-introduction/re-establishment of malaria could be assessed.
Liver Resection for Colorectal Liver-limited Metastases in Elderly Patients: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Jin Ke-Min , Wang Kun , Bao Quan , Wang Hong-Wei , Xing Bao-Cai 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Few studies have focused on the role of hepatectomy for colorectal liver-limited metastases in elderly patients compared to matched younger patients.Methods: From January 2000 to December 2018, 724 patients underwent hepatectomy for colorectal liver-limited metastases. Based on a 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM) model, 64 elderly patients (≥ 70 years of age) were matched to 128 younger patients (༜70 years of age) to obtain two balanced groups with regards to demographic, therapeutic and prognostic factors.Results: There were 73 elderly and 651 younger patients in the unmatched cohort. Compared with the younger group (YG), the elderly group (EG) had significantly higher proportion of American Society of Anesthesiologists score Ⅲ and comorbidities, and lower proportion of more than 3 liver metastases and postoperative chemotherapy (p < 0.05). After PSM for these factors, rat sarcoma virus proto-oncogene/B-Raf proto-oncogene (RAS/BRAF) mutation status and primary tumor sidedness, the EG had significantly less median intraoperative blood loss than the YG (175 ml vs. 200 ml, p = 0.046), a shorter median postoperative hospital stay (8 days vs. 11 days, p = 0.020) and a higher readmission rate (4.7% vs.0%, p = 0.036). The EG also had longer disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) compared to the YG, but these findings were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Old age was not an independent factor for DFS, OS and CSS by Cox multivariate regression analysis (p > 0.05).Conclusions: Hepatectomy is safe for colorectal liver-limited metastases in elderly patients, and these patients may subsequently benefit from prolonged DFS, OS and CSS.
Novel Oxidative Stress-related Prognostic Biomarkers for Melanoma Associated With Tumor Metastasis
Authors: Wu Xianpei , Wu Zhengyuan , Zhao Jinmin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a prevalent skin cancer whose metastatic form is dangerous due to its high morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have systematically established the vital role of oxidative stress (OS) in melanoma progression. This study aimed to identify prognostic OS genes closely associated with SKCM and illustrate their potential mechanisms.
Methods
Transcriptome data and corresponding clinical traits of patients with SKCM were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis was conducted to identify relationships between clinical features and OS genes in specific modules. Subsequently, Cox regression analysis was performed on candidate OS genes; four hub prognosis-associated OS genes (AKAP9, VPS13C, ACSL4, and HMOX2) were identified to construct a prognostic model.
Results
After a series of bioinformatics analysis, our prognostic model was identified significantly associated with the overall survival of patients with SKCM and metastatic ability of the cancer. Furthermore, our risk model demonstrated improved diagnostic accuracy in TCGA and GEO cohorts. In addition, we established two nomograms based on either risk score or hub genes, which displayed favorable discriminating ability for SKCM.
Conclusions
Together, our results provide novel insight into the potential applications of OS-associated genes in SKCM.
Clinical Impact of Intratumoral EpCAM-Positive Cancer Stem Cell Heterogeneity in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Krause Jenny , von Felden Johann , Casar Christian , Fründt Thorben W. , Galaski Johanna , Schmidt Constantin , Jung Caroline , Ittrich Harald , Weidemann Sören Alexander , Krech Till , Heumann Asmus , Li Jun , Fischer Lutz , Sauter Guido , Lohse Ansgar W. , Wege Henning , Schulze Kornelius 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds & Aims: Intratumoural heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is of increasing translational interest. Dismal prognosis is frequently linked to HCC harbouring cancer stem cell (CSC)-features, represented by EpCAM-expression. However, to what extent intratumoural distribution of CSC-features impacts on recurrence after curative resection remains unknown. Hence, we aimed to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of CSC-features and its impact on clinical outcome, identifying high-risk patients amenable to adjuvant treatment.Methods: We designed a tissue microarray (TMA) from patients, who received liver resection between 2011 and 2017. Tumour specimens were sampled at multiple locations (n=3-8). EpCAM-positivity was assessed for intensity and proportion by applying a score dividing three groups: negative (E-/-), heterogeneous-positive (E-/+), homogeneous-positive (E+/+). The groups were further analysed with respect to time-to-recurrence (TTR) and recurrence-free-survival (RFS).Results: We included 341 tumour spots from 75 patients (77% male, median age 66 years, liver cirrhosis/fibrosis 74.6%). Risk factors were alcohol abuse in 23.9%, NASH 16.3%, HBV 14.1%, HCV 17.4% and others 28.3%, representing a typical Western cohort. E+/+ patients experienced a significantly shorter TTR and RFS compared to E+/- (and E-/-) patients (TTR 5 vs. 19 months, p=0.017; RFS 5 vs. 14 vs. 18 months, p=0.016). Only homogeneous EpCAM-positivity correlated with higher AFP levels (>400 ng/ml, p=0.024).Conclusions: Spatial heterogeneity of EpCAM-expression was markedly present. Only homogeneously positive EpCAM-expression correlated significantly with early recurrence, whereas heterogeneous EpCAM-expression was associated with clinical endpoints comparable to EpCAM-negativity. Similar to colorectal cancer, high or low risk features for recurrence could be decisive for adjuvant treatment.
Immediate and Legacy Effects of Snow Exclusion on Soil Fungal Diversity and Community Composition
Authors: Zhang Li , Ren Yuzhi , Yang Kaijun , Li Zhijie , Tan Bo , Liu Yang , Li Han , You Chengming , Liu Sining , Wang Lixia , Yin Rui , Zhang Jian , Xu Zhenfeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Soil fungi play crucial roles in ecosystem functions. However, how snow cover change associated with winter warming affects soil fungal communities remains unclear in the Tibetan forest.Methods: We conducted a snow manipulation experiment to explore immediate and legacy effects of snow exclusion on soil fungal community diversity and composition in a spruce forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The fungal communities were performed by the high throughput sequencing of gene-fragments amplified from forest soil DNA.Results: We found that the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the two dominant fungal phyla and Archaeorhizomyces, Aspergillus and Amanita were the three most common genera across seasons and snow manipulations. Snow exclusion did not affect the diversity and structure of soil fungal community in both snow-covered and snow-free seasons. However, the relative abundance of some fungal communities was different among seasons. Soil fungal groups were correlated with environmental factors (i.e., temperature and moisture) and soil biochemical variables (i.e., ammonium and enzyme).Conclusions: These results suggest that the season-driven variations had stronger impacts on soil fungal community than short-term snow cover change. Such findings may have important implications for soil microbial processes in Tibetan forests experiencing significant decreases in snowfall.
Climate change and its implications for rainfed agriculture in Ethiopia
Authors: Moges Desalew Meseret , Bhat H. Gangadhara 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the spatio-temporal variability and trends in climate and its implications for rainfed agriculture in the Rib watershed, north-western highland Ethiopia from 1986 to 2050. The daily rainfall and temperature records for the period 1986–2017 were used to detect the variability and trends of the current climate using the coefficient of variation, precipitation concentration index, Mann–Kendall test, and Sen's slope estimator. On the other hand, future climate changes (2018–2050) were analyzed based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project version 5 (CMIP5) model outputs under under two representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios, RCP 4.5 and 8.5. The results showed high inter-seasonal and inter-annual variability of rainfall and temperature in the studied watershed over the last four decades. The annual and Kiremt (June–September) rainfall showed a generally increasing trend, while the Belg (March–May) rainfall exhibited a decreasing trend between 1986 and 2017. Conversely, the minimum, maximum and mean temperature demonstrated increasing trends over the study period although most of the detected trends were statistically insignificant at 5 and 10% level of significance. Future climate analysis results showed an increase in future temperature and annual and Kiremt rainfall while Belg rainfall declined.
Removal of fluoride using magnesium and iron complex hydroxides
Authors: Ogata Fumihiko , Nagai Noriaki , Nagahashi Eri , Kadowaki Natsumi , Saenjum Chalermpong , Nakamura Takehiro , Kawasaki Naohito 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this study, metal complex hydroxide materials containing magnesium to iron in molar ratios of 3:1 and 5:1, referred to in this study as Mg-Fe-CH3.0 and Mg-Fe-CH5.0, respectively, were prepared, and their adsorption capability with respect to fluoride ions was investigated. The physicochemical characteristics of adsorbents were determined using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, and specific surface area and the number of hydroxyl groups were calculated. The adsorption behaviors and mechanism of fluoride ions were assessed. The adsorption capability of fluoride ions using Mg-Fe-CH3.0 was greater than that using Mg-Fe-CH5.0. In addition, the amount adsorbed depended on the adsorption temperatures; the adsorption was comparatively less at 5 °C than at 25 °C. Adsorption mechanism of fluoride ions was evaluated by elemental distribution analysis and binding energy. The binding energy of fluorine onto Mg-Fe-CH3.0 and Mg-Fe-CH5.0 could be detected after adsorption. Additionally, it was clear that one of the adsorption mechanisms was related to the ion exchange between fluoride ions and chloride ions in the interlayer space of the Mg-Fe-CH3.0 and Mg-Fe-CH5.0 (correlation coefficient 0.923–0.965). This study illustrates that both Mg-Fe-CH3.0 and Mg-Fe-CH5.0 have a high potential for fluoride ion adsorption from the aqueous phase.
Public Perceptions and Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Nonpharmaceutical Interventions Across Six Countries: A Topic Modeling Analysis of Twitter Data
Authors: Doogan Caitlin , Buntine Wray , Linger Henry , Brunt Samantha 
Published: August 2020

Background
Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) (such as wearing masks and social distancing) have been implemented by governments around the world to slow the spread of COVID-19. To promote public adherence to these regimes, governments need to understand the public perceptions and attitudes toward NPI regimes and the factors that influence them. Twitter data offer a means to capture these insights.

Objective
The objective of this study is to identify tweets about COVID-19 NPIs in six countries and compare the trends in public perceptions and attitudes toward NPIs across these countries. The aim is to identify factors that influenced public perceptions and attitudes about NPI regimes during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We analyzed 777,869 English language tweets about COVID-19 NPIs in six countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United States). The relationship between tweet frequencies and case numbers was assessed using a Pearson correlation analysis. Topic modeling was used to isolate tweets about NPIs. A comparative analysis of NPIs between countries was conducted.

Results
The proportion of NPI-related topics, relative to all topics, varied between countries. The New Zealand data set displayed the greatest attention to NPIs, and the US data set showed the lowest. The relationship between tweet frequencies and case numbers was statistically significant only for Australia (r=0.837, P<.001) and New Zealand (r=0.747, P<.001). Topic modeling produced 131 topics related to one of 22 NPIs, grouped into seven NPI categories: Personal Protection (n=15), Social Distancing (n=9), Testing and Tracing (n=10), Gathering Restrictions (n=18), Lockdown (n=42), Travel Restrictions (n=14), and Workplace Closures (n=23). While less restrictive NPIs gained widespread support, more restrictive NPIs were perceived differently across countries. Four characteristics of these regimes were seen to influence public adherence to NPIs: timeliness of implementation, NPI campaign strategies, inconsistent information, and enforcement strategies.

Conclusions
Twitter offers a means to obtain timely feedback about the public response to COVID-19 NPI regimes. Insights gained from this analysis can support government decision making, implementation, and communication strategies about NPI regimes, as well as encourage further discussion about the management of NPI programs for global health events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Undergraduate Medical Competencies in Digital Health and Curricular Module Development: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Poncette Akira-Sebastian , Glauert Daniel Leon , Mosch Lina , Braune Katarina , Balzer Felix , Back David Alexander 
Published: August 2020

Background
Owing to an increase in digital technologies in health care, recently leveraged by the COVID-19 pandemic, physicians are required to use these technologies appropriately and to be familiar with their implications on patient care, the health system, and society. Therefore, medical students should be confronted with digital health during their medical education. However, corresponding teaching formats and concepts are still largely lacking in the medical curricula.

Objective
This study aims to introduce digital health as a curricular module at a German medical school and to identify undergraduate medical competencies in digital health and their suitable teaching methods.

Methods
We developed a 3-week curricular module on digital health for third-year medical students at a large German medical school, taking place for the first time in January 2020. Semistructured interviews with 5 digital health experts were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using an abductive approach. We obtained feedback from the participating students and lecturers of the module through a 17-item survey questionnaire.

Results
The module received overall positive feedback from both students and lecturers who expressed the need for further digital health education and stated that the field is very important for clinical care and is underrepresented in the current medical curriculum. We extracted a detailed overview of digital health competencies, skills, and knowledge to teach the students from the expert interviews. They also contained suggestions for teaching methods and statements supporting the urgency of the implementation of digital health education in the mandatory curriculum.

Conclusions
An elective class seems to be a suitable format for the timely introduction of digital health education. However, a longitudinal implementation in the mandatory curriculum should be the goal. Beyond training future physicians in digital skills and teaching them digital health’s ethical, legal, and social implications, the experience-based development of a critical digital health mindset with openness to innovation and the ability to assess ever-changing health technologies through a broad transdisciplinary approach to translate research into clinical routine seem more important. Therefore, the teaching of digital health should be as practice-based as possible and involve the educational cooperation of different institutions and academic disciplines.
Prototype Alarm Sensor Magnet Untuk Pencegah Pencurian Menggunakan Arduino
Authors: Aditya Didit , Cahyono Eko Budi , Nuryasin Ilyas 
Published: August 2020

Didaerah Sumenep mulai tahun 2017 dengan total pencurian sebesar 22 kasus, lalu ditahun 2018 sebanyak 30 kasus yang bertempat pada Polres Sumenep. Khususnya , perampokan atau pencurian yang terjadi di minimarket, toko – toko atau rumah kerap kali terjadi saat situasi sepi dan pada malam hari saat toko, minimarket tersebut tutup atau rumah yang ditinggal pemiliknya. Sehingga sang pemilik mempunyai perasaan khawatir saat minimarket, toko atau rumah tersebut ditutup atau ditinggal pada malam hari. Berdasarkan permasalahan di atas, maka penulis mengangkat topik penelitian guna mencegah pencurian secara dini, dengan menggunakan teknologi Arduino diharapkan dapat lebih mudah dalam penggunaan dan juga memiliki kelebihan kemudahan dalam instalasi. Penggunaan teknologi Arduino Mega 2560 otak pemrosesan dari sebuah alarm. Untuk sensor yang digunakan adalah sensor magnet. Dengan cara menaruh sensor magnet diletakkan pada bingkai pintu lalu didekatkan pada magnet yang berada pada sisi tepi pintu. Apabila pintu dibuka pada jam tertentu maka akan membunyikan sebuah suara.
Efek Pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving Berbantuan Media Interaktif Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Dasar Listrik dan Elektronika di SMK Negeri 1 Pariaman
Authors: Fajri Fajri , Usmeldi Usmeldi 
Published: August 2020

Proses pembelajaran di SMKN 1 Pariaman masih terpusat pada pendidik dan dalam penyampaian materi pembelajaran pendidik hanya mengandalkan media papan tulis berbantuan bahan ajar seadanya, sehingga kurangnya partisipasi aktif siswa dan hasil belajar siswa banyak di bawah kriteria ketuntasan minimal. Oleh karena itu digunakanlah pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving (CPS) berbantuan media interaktif untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melihat seberapa besar efek dari model CPS berbantuan media interaktif terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian pre experimental dengan desain one group pretest posttest serta subjeknya siswa kelas X TITL 3. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah soal tes berbentuk soal esay. Data di analisis menggunakan rumus effect size. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian model Creative Problem Solving memiliki efek yang besar terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran dasar listrik dan elektronika di SMKN 1 Pariaman.
TK ‘Aisyiyah Busthanul Athfal Tertua Dan Terbaik di Provinsi Lampung: Sebuah Tinjauan Awal
Authors: Hidayat Bobi , Kuswono K , Agustono Ragil , Hartati Umi 
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penilitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui secara historis apa yang menjadi latarbelakang pendirian TK ‘Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal tertua dan terbaik di Provinsi Lampung. Selain itu yang ingin dipaparkan dalam penulisan artikel hasil penelitian ini adalah bagaimana strategi yang digunakan oleh sekolah untuk mempertahankan keberadaan sekolah hingga saat ini dan menjadi TK ‘Aisyiyah unggulan di Provinsi Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian historis dengan menggunakan 4 langkah yaitu 1). Heuristik, 2). Kritik sumber, 3). Interpretasi, dan 4). Historiografi. Untuk merealisasikan langkah penelitian sejarah, peneliti menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara secara mendalam, observasi lapangan langsung, dan pencatatan dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa TK ‘Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal tertua di Provinsi Lampung yaitu TK ‘Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal Teluk Betung Selatan yang berdiri pada tahun 1955. Sedangkan TK ‘Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal terbaik di Provinsi Lampung yaitu TK ‘Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 1 Pringsewu yang berdiri pada tahun 1961. Untuk mempertahankan eksistensi TK, TK ‘Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal melibatkan masyarakat khususnya anggota ‘Aisyiyah dan masyarakat umum lainya dalam menajalankan kegiatan di TK baik dalam hal tenaga pengajar, sumbangan dana dan pengembangan program-program kerja lainya.