bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of tianeptine in the treatment of major depression and depressed bipolar disorders. Illustration of the interest of surveillance of a European multicentre double-blind study in progress: tianeptine versus placebo and imipramine
Authors: Staner L , Mendlewicz J 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn the course of the international development of tianeptine (T), depressed patients were recruited by 15 centres from Belgium, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland in a double-blind parallel group study versus placebo (P) and imipramine (I). Efficacy and safety of tianeptine are evaluated in the treatment of major depressions (single episode or recurrent) and depressed bipolar disorders. The initial severity of the depression is controlled by a MADRS score equal to or greater than 25. Rapid placebo responded are excluded during a placebo pre-inclusion period (duration: 1 week). After an increasing daily dose period (3 days), depressed patients are treated, until the 14th day (D14), at a constant daily dose (T: 37.5 mg; I: 150 mg; P: 3 capsules). After D14 and until the end of the 6th week, a flexible dosage can be used in accordance with the therapeutic efficacy and/or the potential adverse events (T: 25–50 mg; I: 100–200 mg; P: 2–4 capsules). The antidepressant efficacy is regularly evaluated by rating scales (MADRS, HSCL). Anxiety linked to depression is evaluated by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. The safety is controlled by clinical examination, laboratory parameters and a check-list of side-effects. Preliminary results are presented and discussed showing the interest of surveillance of trials in progress.
Why Derek Parfit had reasons to accept the Repugnant Conclusion
Authors: Tännsjö Torbjörn 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTotal views imply what Derek Parfit has called ‘the repugnant conclusion’. There are several strategies aimed at debunking the intuition that this implication is repugnant. In particular, it goes away when we consider the principle of unrestricted instantiation, according to which any instantiation of the repugnant conclusion must appear repugnant if we should be warranted in relying on it as evidence against total theories. However, there are instantiations of the conclusion where it doesn't seem to be at all repugnant. Hence there is nothing repugnant about the repugnant conclusion as such. The faults with total views have nothing to do with large numbers or with the conclusion as such. It is possible, if you like, to correct these putative faults even if you adopt some total view (different from utilitarianism).
Testing alternative cascades from internalizing and externalizing symptoms to adolescent alcohol use and alcohol use disorder through co-occurring symptoms and peer delinquency
Authors: Scalco Matthew D. , Colder Craig R. , Read Jennifer P. , Lengua Liliana J. , Wieczorek William F. , Hawk Larry W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGiven the equivocal literature on the relationship between internalizing symptoms and early adolescent alcohol use (AU) and AU disorder (AUD), the present study took a developmental perspective to understand how internalizing and externalizing symptoms may operate together in the etiology of AU and AUD. We pit the delayed onset and rapid escalation hypothesis (Hussong et al., 2011) against a synthesis of the dual failure model and the stable co-occurring hypothesis (Capaldi, 1992; Colder et al., 2013, 2018) to test competing developmental pathways to adolescent AU and AUD involving problem behavior, peer delinquency, and early initiation of AU. A latent transactional and mediational framework was used to test pathways to AUD spanning developmental periods before AU initiation (Mage = 11) to early and high risk for AUD (Mage = 14–15 and Mage = 17–18). The results supported three pathways to AUD. The first started with “pure” externalizing symptoms in early childhood and involved multiple mediators, including the subsequent development of co-occurring symptoms and peer delinquency. The second pathway involved stable co-occurring symptoms. Interestingly, chronically elevated pure internalizing symptoms did not figure prominently in pathways to AUD. Selection and socialization effects between early AU and peer delinquency constituted a third pathway.
Outcomes of closure of doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defects in adults
Authors: Chen Zhaoyang , Chen Wanhua , Chen Hang , Liao Zhenmei , Chen Qiang , Chen Lianglong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground:Outcome data of doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect closure in adults are limited.Methods:A review was made of the inpatients >18 years of age who underwent doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect closure between June 2010 and June 2017.Results:The patients were categorised into two groups: The valve intervention group consisted of 31 patients who underwent aortic valvuloplasty, aortic valve replacement, or repair of sinus Valsalva aneurysm in addition to doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect closure; non-valvular intervention group comprised 58 patients who underwent only doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect closure. The groups did not differ by sex and age. Patients in the valve intervention group, with a larger ventricular septal defect size, were shorter and tended to be lighter. The valve intervention group had more patients with pneumonia perioperatively. No infective endocarditis and reoperation were noted during the study period. At last follow-up, 91 and 96.6% of the studied patients were free from left ventricle dilation and pulmonary hypertension. In patients without pre-operative aortic regurgitation, 12 developed new mild aortic regurgitation during the follow-up.Conclusions:About 34.8% of adult patients with doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect required concurrent intervention on aortic valve or sinus Valsalva aneurysm. The midterm results of doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect closure in adult patients were favourable. However, the incidence of new mild aortic regurgitation after ventricular septal defect closure was high (27.3%). Long-term follow-up of aortic regurgitation progression is needed.
Influenza associated with circulatory collapse and atrioventricular block in an unvaccinated child with repaired CHD
Authors: Akam-Venkata Jyothsna , Aggarwal Sanjeev , Karpawich Peter P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSymptomatic, circulatory collapse occurred in an unvaccinated child with repaired congenital heart and a backup pacemaker during an Influenza B viral infection with complete atrioventricular block and pacemaker non-capture. Ventricular arrhythmias occurred during her collapse. Atrioventricular conduction recovered within 24 hours. Influenza-associated cardiac inflammation can adversely affect patients with repaired CHD. Proactive immunisation is strongly recommended.
A pilot study on the association between the blood oxygen level-dependent signal in the reward system and dopamine transporter availability in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Lin Shih-Hsien , Chi Mei Hung , Lee I Hui , Chen Kao Chin , Tai Ying Chun , Yao Wei Jen , Chiu Nan Tsing , Yang Dong-Yu , Lin Chun-Yu , Chen Po See , Yang Yen Kuang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is well-known that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with changes in the dopaminergic system. However, the relationship between central dopaminergic tone and the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal during receipt of rewards and penalties in the corticostriatal pathway in adults with ADHD is unclear.MethodsSingle-photon emission computed tomography with [99mTC]TRODAT-1 was used to assess striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on subjects performing the Iowa Gambling Test.ResultDAT availability was found to be associated with the BOLD response, which was a covariate of monetary loss, in the medial prefrontal cortex (r= 0.55,P= .03), right ventral striatum (r= 0.69,P= .003), and right orbital frontal cortex (r= 0.53,P= .03) in adults with ADHD. However, a similar correlation was not found in the controls.ConclusionsThe results confirmed that dopaminergic tone may play a different role in the penalty-elicited response of adults with ADHD. It is plausible that a lower neuro-threshold accompanied by insensitivity to punishment could be exacerbated by the hypodopaminergic tone in ADHD.
Impact of 2 Weeks of Monitored Abstinence on Cognition in Adolescent and Young Adult Cannabis Users
Authors: Wallace Alexander L. , Wade Natasha E. , Lisdahl Krista M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectives:Previous research suggests recovery from cannabis-related deficits in verbal learning and memory functioning after periods of cannabis abstinence in adolescents. Here, we examine how cannabis cessation affects cognitive performance over 2 weeks of monitored abstinence compared to controls in adolescents and young adults.Methods:Seventy-four participants (35 cannabis users) aged 16–26 ceased all cannabis, alcohol, and other illicit substance consumption for a 2-week period; abstinence was monitored via weekly urinalysis, breath, and sweat patch testing. Starting at baseline, participants completed weekly abbreviated neuropsychological batteries. Measures included tests of attention, inhibition, verbal working memory, and learning. Repeated measures assessed within and between subject effects for time and group status, while controlling for past year alcohol and nicotine use.Results:Cannabis users showed increased performance compared to controls on sustained attention tasks after 2 weeks of cannabis use.Conclusions:Deficits in attention, but not verbal learning and memory, recovered after 2 weeks of monitored abstinence. This differs from previous literature, suggesting that other cognitive domains may show signs of recovery after periods of cannabis cessation in adolescents and young adults.
Breast boost vector: a new metric proposed to optimise isocentre location in an fIMRT–VMAT hybrid technique for a simultaneous integrated boost in breast radiotherapy
Authors: de la Llana Víctor , del Castillo Ángel , Andrés Carlos , Gómez Laura , Agulla Manuel , del Valle María Luisa , Iglesias María , Torres Ricardo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurpose:Evaluating the improvements of placing the treatment isocentre at the boost centre of mass (CoM) in a hybrid treatment for breast cancer radiotherapy.Material and methods:Twenty-two patients were planned in two isocentre locations with two forward intensity-modulated radiation therapy (fIMRT) tangentials to the breast and a volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) to the boost. A simultaneous integrated boost technique was used. Breast Boost (BB) Vector was investigated as a criterion for selecting an appropriate isocentre placement. Various metrics for boost, breast and hybrid plans were analysed using analysis of variance statistics.Results:Comparing hybrid plans at the boost CoM vs. hybrid plans at the breast CoM, no significant differences were found. Analysis of relative variations of planning target volume (PTV) boost coverage vs. BB Vector indicated an upgrade in boost CoM isocentre strategy. Dose to organs at risk was comparable: V5Gy (26·24 vs. 25·69%, p = 0·8), V20Gy (14·66 vs. 14·58%, p = 0·959) and the mean dose (7·37 Gy vs. 7·26 Gy, p = 0·879) to ipsilateral lung; V5Gy (15·60 vs. 15·22%, p = 0·903), and the mean dose (4·91 Gy vs. 4·86 Gy, p = 0·950) to heart and dose to free breast of boost (46·71 Gy vs. 46·62 Gy, p = 0·408).Findings:The hybrid fIMRT–VMAT technique centred at the boost CoM resulted equivalent to plans centred at the breast CoM, while benefiting from an enhancement in PTV boost coverage for patients with BB Vector superior to 5.
Deutschdidaktisches Wissen angehender Sekundarstufenlehrkräfte
Authors: König Johannes , Bremerich-Vos Albert 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Das fachdidaktische Wissen ist eine zentrale Facette professionellen Lehrerwissens. Im Gegensatz zu mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fächern existieren bislang nur wenige fachdidaktische Wissenstests für sprachliche Fächer. Vorgestellt wird ein standardisierter Test zur Erfassung von fachdidaktischem Wissen angehender Deutschlehrkräfte der Sekundarstufen I und II, der im Rahmen des Projekts PlanvoLL-D entwickelt wurde. Datenbasis bilden die Testdaten von 378 Referendarinnen und Referendaren (Stichprobe 1) sowie 150 Lehramtsstudierenden (Stichprobe 2) im Bachelor ( n = 114) bzw. Master ( n = 36). Zudem liegen für 85 dieser Studierenden eine Wiederholungstestung nach einem Jahr vor, für 27 Referendarinnen bzw. Referendare Befragungsdaten zur Unterrichtsqualität aus Sicht von 564 Schülerinnen und Schülern. Fragen zur Reliabilität des Tests an Stichprobe 1 und Stichprobe 2 sowie Fragen zur Kriteriumsvalidität werden geprüft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Test eine reliable Messung an allen Stichproben erlaubt, die Retest-Stabilität ist hoch. Die Kriteriumsvalidität lässt sich hinsichtlich Übereinstimmungsvalidität, Methode der bekannten Gruppen und Vorhersagevalidität belegen.
All‐Sky Tracking of Sporadic Field‐Aligned Irregularities as a Novel Probe of Thermospheric Winds
Authors: Helmboldt J. F. , Taylor G. B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an analysis of a unique observing campaign that tracks groups of irregularities associated with sporadic
(
) via their coherent backscattering of a very high frequency transmitter of opportunity (an analog TV station). The unique all‐sky imaging capability of the first station of the Long Wavelength Array used in this campaign, allowed for the identification and tracking of multiple groups of irregularities, or “clouds,” over the entire visible sky. This all‐sky tracking yielded horizontal wind measurements from 75 distinct clouds observed within 18, 1‐hr collections from May–September 2014 within the
90‐ to 150‐km altitude range. While unusually strong winds of 100–200 m s
or more were observed, the winds generally agree with predictions from the updated Horizontal Wind Model. The exception to this was an offset in premidnight zonal winds, which the Long Wavelength Array observations indicated were systematically more westerly than predicted by the Horizontal Wind Model. We postulate that this may be due to a local excess in mountain waves, which is partially supported by tropospheric and stratospheric wind data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration North American Regional Reanalysis. In three out of the 18 collections, we also observe evidence of significant horizontal zonal wind shears (positive and negative) with magnitudes on the order of 1 m
s
km
.
Statistical Characteristics and Synoptic Situations of Long‐Duration Heavy Rainfall Events Over North China
Authors: Kang Yanzhen , Peng Xindong , Wang Shigong , Dong Chunqing , Shang Kezheng , Zhao Yang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe spatiotemporal characteristics of long‐duration heavy rainfall (LDHR) events are statistically analyzed using hourly surface observations over central‐southern North China during the warm seasons of 2011–2018, revealing pronounced variabilities in the frequency and amount of LDHR. Two accumulated rainfall peaks are found in the western (WHRR) and eastern (EHRR) regions of central‐southern North China. The LDHR occurrence frequency decreases westward, and the peaks of the LDHR amount, frequency and intensity in the WHRR and EHRR are observed at nighttime (2100–0200 Beijing Standard Time) or in the early morning (0300–0700 Beijing Standard Time). The rainfall amount exhibits a bimodal diurnal variation in the WHRR (determined mainly by the rainfall intensity), whereas a single rainfall frequency‐related peak is found in the EHRR. Four types of LDHR events corresponding to different flow patterns, synoptic systems, and moisture transport mechanisms are classified according to their locations. The first is heavy rainfall in the WHRR with an upper‐level jet favorable for an ascending motion near Taihang Mountain; topographic blocking of southerly flow is crucial for heavy rainfall formation. The second describes heavy rainfall in the EHRR attributable to the favorable configurations of upper‐ and lower‐level systems. Heavy rainfall occurs over both the WHRR and the EHRR in the third type, including topographic blocking and convergence associated with low‐pressure systems or shear lines and a mesoscale low vortex or shear line related to topographic effects and positive vorticity advection in front of a westerly trough. The fourth shows a scattered distribution of LDHR stations and is generally not comparable to the first three types.
Seismic Characteristics of the Eastern North American Crust With Ps Converted Waves: Terrane Accretion and Modification of Continental Crust
Authors: Li Cong , Gao Haiying , Williams Michael L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe impact of past tectonic events on the formation and modification of continental lithosphere remains as an open question of fundamental importance. Eastern North America provides a complete record of supercontinent assembly and breakup over the past 1.3 Ga, serving as a natural laboratory for our understanding of continental crust and mantle lithosphere and for integrating geologic and geophysical observations. In this study, we used teleseismic Ps receiver functions to image the detailed distribution of crustal thickness beneath eastern North America. The radial‐component receiver functions were calculated from seismic waveforms recorded by a total of 659 broadband stations during 2010–2017, yielding a high‐resolution image of Moho depth distribution. The depths of the Moho and intracrustal layers vary within and across the major tectonic units. Specifically, there are distinct differences in crustal thickness between the northern and southern Grenville Province. A dipping intracrustal feature can be seen within the central Grenville Province, with the depth increasing eastward from 5 to 27 km. The Moho depth decreases southeastward across the Grenville‐Appalachian boundary, with a sharp Moho offset of up to 12–15 km in the central segment and a more gradual variation to the north and south. The thickness difference between the southern and northern Grenville‐aged crusts suggests different tectonic and/or exhumation histories during and after the Grenville Orogeny. The low‐angle eastward dipping crustal feature is interpreted to be a Grenville‐aged collisional structure. Differences in the steepness of the Moho offset along the strike of Appalachians probably reflect variation of the steepness of the subsurface boundary between Laurentia and accreted terranes with different intensities of postorogenic modification. The observed spatial relation between the geologically defined tectonic boundaries and crustal thickness variations provides new constraints on the depth extent of the tectonic units within the crust.
Energy Transfers and Reflection of Infragravity Waves at a Dissipative Beach Under Storm Waves
Authors: Bertin Xavier , Martins Kévin , de Bakker Anouk , Chataigner Teddy , Guérin Thomas , Coulombier Thibault , de Viron Olivier 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study presents unpublished field observations of infragravity waves, collected at the dissipative beach of Saint‐Trojan (Oléron Island, France) during the storm Kurt (3 February 2017), characterized by incident short waves of significant heights reaching 9.5 m and peak periods reaching 22 s. Data analysis reveals the development of exceptionally large infragravity waves, with significant heights reaching 1.85 m close to shore. Field observations are complemented by numerical modeling with XBeach, which well reproduces the development of such infragravity waves. Model results reveal that infragravity waves were generated mainly through the bound wave mechanism, enhanced by the development of a phase lag with the shortwave energy envelope. Spectral analysis of the free surface elevation shows the generation of superharmonic and subharmonic infragravity waves, the latter dominating the free surface elevation variance close to shore. Modeling results suggest that subharmonic infragravity waves result, at least partly, from infragravity‐wave merging, promoted by the combination of free and bound infragravity waves propagating across a several kilometer‐wide surf zone. Due to the steeper slope of the upper part of the beach profile, observed and modeled reflection coefficients under moderate‐energy show a strong tidal modulation, with a weak reflection at low tide (R2<0.2) and a full reflection at high tide (R2∼1.0). Under storm waves, the observed reflection coefficients remain unusually high for a dissipative beach (R2∼0.5−1.0), which is explained by the development of subharmonic infragravity waves with frequencies around 0.005 Hz, too long to suffer a substantial dissipation.
Homogenizing GPS Integrated Water Vapor Time Series: Benchmarking Break Detection Methods on Synthetic Data Sets
Authors: Van Malderen R. , Pottiaux E. , Klos A. , Domonkos P. , Elias M. , Ning T. , Bock O. , Guijarro J. , Alshawaf F. , Hoseini M. , Quarello A. , Lebarbier E. , Chimani B. , Tornatore V. , Zengin Kazancı S. , Bogusz J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe assess the performance of different break detection methods on three sets of benchmark data sets, each consisting of 120 daily time series of integrated water vapor differences. These differences are generated from the Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements at 120 sites worldwide, and the numerical weather prediction reanalysis (ERA‐Interim) integrated water vapor output, which serves as the reference series here. The benchmark includes homogeneous and inhomogeneous sections with added nonclimatic shifts (breaks) in the latter. Three different variants of the benchmark time series are produced, with increasing complexity, by adding autoregressive noise of the first order to the white noise model and the periodic behavior and consecutively by adding gaps and allowing nonclimatic trends. The purpose of this “complex experiment” is to examine the performance of break detection methods in a more realistic case when the reference series are not homogeneous. We evaluate the performance of break detection methods with skill scores, centered root mean square errors (CRMSE), and trend differences relative to the trends of the homogeneous series. We found that most methods underestimate the number of breaks and have a significant number of false detections. Despite this, the degree of CRMSE reduction is significant (roughly between 40% and 80%) in the easy to moderate experiments, with the ratio of trend bias reduction is even exceeding the 90% of the raw data error. For the complex experiment, the improvement ranges between 15% and 35% with respect to the raw data, both in terms of RMSE and trend estimations.