bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Speaking Opportunities by Gender at National Dermatologic Surgery Conferences
Authors: Flaten Hania K. , Goodman Lillian , Wong Emily , Hammes Andrew , Brown Mariah R. 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND
Although gender disparities for those entering medicine have equalized, the number of women advancing in academia has remained low. Studies have demonstrated that women's representation at academic medical conferences has also remained low across multiple fields. Given that conference presentations and national reputation serve as metrics for academic promotion, women's representation at dermatology conferences may provide insight into women's academic productivity.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the gender composition of presenters and speaking time at the 2 main national dermatologic surgery conferences.

METHODS
Speaker's gender, presentation time, and topics were collected for 2009 to 2017 for the American College of Mohs Surgery (ACMS) and the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery (ASDS) Annual Meetings.

RESULTS
Women had significantly fewer speaking opportunities and speaking minutes at both conferences. This disparity was most pronounced in reconstruction topics and least pronounced in cosmetics topics. The majority of top speakers, repeat speakers, and keynote speakers were men for both conferences. Oral abstracts showed no gender disparity at either conference.

CONCLUSION
Women spoke less than men at both the ASDS and ACMS annual meetings over multiple years studied. Recently, this disparity in speaking opportunities has decreased. Further studies are needed to evaluate the speaking opportunities for women at other types of dermatology conferences.
Contribution of socioeconomic and environmental factors to geographic disparities in breast cancer risk in the Nurses’ Health Study II
Authors: Vieira Verónica M. , VoPham Trang , Bertrand Kimberly A. , James Peter , DuPré Natalie , Tamimi Rulla M. , Laden Francine , Hart Jaime E. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Evidence of geographic disparities in breast cancer incidence within the United States and spatial analyses can provide insight into the potential contribution of environmental exposures or other geographically varying factors to these disparities.

Methods:
We applied generalized additive models to smooth geocoded residential coordinates while adjusting for covariates. Our analysis included 3,478 breast cancer cases among 24,519 control women from the Nurses’ Health Study II. We first examined associations with residential location during adolescence (high school address) or early adulthood (address in 1991). We then assessed the contribution from known individual-level risk factors, measures of socioeconomic status, and occupational and environmental factors that vary spatially and have been linked to breast cancer. Secondary analyses by estrogen receptor and menopausal status were also conducted.

Results:
We identified geographic patterns of breast cancer risk associated with location during adolescence, with increased risk apparent in Michigan, the Northwest, and the New York City area, that shifted to southern New England when addresses during early adulthood were analyzed. Similar results were observed after adjustment for individual- and area-level factors, although spatial associations were no longer statistically significant.

Conclusions:
Breast cancer risk is not spatially uniform across the United States, and incidence patterns varied depending on the timing during life of the residence considered. Geographic disparities persisted even after accounting for established and suspected breast cancer risk factors, suggesting that unmeasured environmental or lifestyle risk factors may explain geographic variation in risk in different parts of the country.
Treatment of Acquired Digital Arteriovenous Malformation with Progression during Pregnancy
Authors: Fujimaki Hiroshi , Takeuchi Masaki 
Published: December 2019

Summary:
Acquired digital arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a relatively rare form of AVM that occurs in the fingers. Together with a review of the literature, we report a rare case of acquired digital AVM that enlarged after pregnancy. The patient was a 32-year-old woman with the chief complaint of digital swelling accompanied by a burning sensation. During her pregnancy, the swelling of the fingers recurred, with a symptom of throbbing sensation. After giving birth, the swelling reduced but did not completely disappear. At the first visit, we observed purple discoloration and swelling of the ulnar aspect of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the left hand. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scanning via the digital arteries of the left hand revealed a lesion showing early venous return, leading to the diagnosis of AVM. Surgery was performed under general anesthesia. The digital artery supplying the lesion was identified and dissected under a surgical microscope. At 15 months after surgery, there was no recurrence, sensory dysfunction, or mobility impairment.
Subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography and its relation to ambulatory arterial stiffness index in hypertensive patients
Authors: Ahmed Tarek A.N. , Shams-Eddin Hamdy , Fathy Marwa A. , El-Naggar Heba M. , Kishk Yehia T. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Increased arterial stiffness is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among hypertensive patients.

Objectives:
To assess the relationship between ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) and subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction assessed by 2-D speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE).

Methods:
We enrolled 70 consecutive patients with hypertension. All patients were evaluated for parameters of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) including AASI. From those patients, 51 underwent conventional echocardiography as well as 2-D STE to assess for subclinical LV systolic dysfunction defined by global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global circumferential strain (GCS).

Results:
The mean age of the patients (n = 51) was 46.3 ± 12.3 years, women represented 59%. Study population were divided into two groups according to blood pressure control as defined by ABPM; controlled (n = 23), and uncontrolled (n = 28). Baseline characteristics were comparable between both groups. There were significant differences in both daytime and night-time mean ABPM (P < 0.05). Posterior wall thickness, as well as LV relative wall thickness were significantly higher in uncontrolled patients (P < 0.05 for each). AASI was significantly, but moderately correlated to GLS. Most ABPM parameters were elevated with the higher AASI values (AASI ≥0.5). Significantly more uncontrolled hypertensive patients were encountered as well. Interestingly, sex and AASI were predictors of impaired GLS by univariate linear regression analysis; however, AASI was the only independent predictor of impaired GLS on multivariate analysis (Beta = 0.3, CI = 0.2--12, and P = 0.04).

Conclusion:
AASI might predict subclinical LV systolic dysfunction as assessed by global longitudinal strain. Further wide-scale studies should further explore this intriguing hypothesis.
Anatomical relationships between medullary veins and three types of deep-seated malignant brain tumors as detected by susceptibility-weighted imaging
Authors: Yang Shih-Hung , Hong Chien-Tai , Tsai Fong Y. , Chen Wei-Yu , Chen Chia-Yuen , Chan Wing P. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Deep-seated brain tumors can be difficult to differentiate. Three tumor types (primary central nervous system lymphoma [PCNSL], high-grade glioma, and metastatic brain tumors), identified by susceptibility-weighted imaging, have different relationships with small medullary veins, and these relationships can be used to enhance diagnostic accuracy.

Methods:
Records of patients with pathology confirmed malignant brain tumors who received susceptibility-weighted imaging between 2009 and 2015 were reviewed. A total of 29 patients with deep-seated malignant brain tumors in the territory of small medullary veins were enrolled in this study. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of medullary vein blockage (MVB), defined as a small medullary vein terminating at the margin of the tumor, for indicating malignant brain tumors were analyzed.

Results:
Of 11 patients with PCNSLs, 5 with high-grade gliomas, and 13 with metastases, only the latter presented MVBs. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of using MVBs for diagnosing metastatic tumors were 76.9%, 100%, and 89.7%, respectively.

Conclusion:
An MVB is an accurate sign for differentiating metastatic brain tumors from two other common malignancies and thus provides a useful tool for preoperative planning.
Effects of a Transdiagnostic Preventive Intervention on Anxiety and Depression Among Workers in Japan
Authors: Hidaka Yui , Imamura Kotaro , Sekiya Yuki , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Kawakami Norito 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
This study examined the effectiveness of a newly developed transdiagnostic preventive intervention for anxiety and depressive symptoms among workers in a pre- and posttest study design.

Methods:
Participants were recruited from six companies and one medical clinic. The program was developed based on Unified Protocol. The outcomes were anxiety symptoms (GAD7), depressive symptoms (BDI-II), and psychological distress (K6), measured at baseline, 3-week, and 6-week follow-up. A mixed model for repeated measures was conducted for the whole sample and for a subgroup with higher psychological distress.

Results:
Among 75 participants, this program showed no significant effects on improving any outcome in the whole sample, but a significant improvement of psychological distress among the high-distress subgroup.

Conclusions:
The program may be effective in improving psychological distress among those who have high symptom levels.
Identifying Strategies for Decreasing Work-Related Stress Among Working Men
Authors: Eccles Heidi , Nannarone Molly , Smail-Crevier Rachel , Lashewicz Bonnie , Aiken Alice , Attridge Mark , Marchand Alain , Friesen Jordan , Wang JianLi 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
The objective was to identify helpful, feasible strategies that can be implemented by working men to decrease work-related stress.

Methods:
An international Delphi consensus study was conducted with four panels of stakeholders. Three rounds of surveys were sent to panellists who rated the helpfulness and feasibility of strategies. Strategies were considered to have reached consensus if 80+% of at least three panels “agreed” or “strongly agreed” that the strategies were helpful or feasible.

Results:
Eighty-one strategies reached consensus out of a total 127 for helpfulness in decreasing work-related stress. Eleven strategies did not reach consensus in any of the vignettes. Only two strategies reached consensus for feasibility.

Conclusion:
While many strategies are perceived as helpful for decreasing workplace stress, the feasibility of the strategies likely depends on an individual's particular needs and context.
Drug-eluting balloons versus drug-eluting stents for small vessel coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Song Cai-xia , Zhou Chao , Hou Wenbo , Yin Yuxia , Lu Shoutao , Liu Guang , Duan Cuihai , Li Maoquan , Zhang Haijun 
Published: December 2019

Objective
We aimed to conduct a network meta-analysis of treatments for small vessels coronary artery disease between drug-eluting balloon (DEB) and drug-eluting stent (DES).

Method
A meta-analysis comparing DEB and DES outcomes was performed using the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases. The primary outcome was target lesion revascularization (TLR) or target vessel revascularization (TVR), and myocardial infarction (MI), death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were secondary outcomes. A total of six studies on 1813 patients were included.

Results
There was no significant difference in rates of TLR or TVR in the patients treated with the DEB strategy compares with the DES strategy [odds ratio (OR) = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57–1.61, P = 0.89] within a follow-up period of 9–24 months. There was a significant reduction in rates of MI and death in the patients treated with a DCB strategy compared with those treated with a DES strategy (3.7%, 17 of 460 vs 6.1%, 36 of 595; 2.4%, 11 of 460 vs 6.1%, 36 of 595, respectively), and this difference was statistically significant (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.29–0.96, P = 0.04; OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.22–0.88, P = 0.02, respectively). There was no difference between DEB and DES strategies in rates of MACE (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.66–1.33, P = 0.73).

Conclusion
In summary, this study demonstrates that treatment of small vessel (diameter ≤ 3 mm) coronary artery disease (CAD) with DEB may lead to improving outcomes compared with the use of DES within a follow-up period of 9–24 months. Further large clinical trials are needed to verify this conclusion.
Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis and differentiation of pancreatic tumors
Authors: Haodan Dang , Ruimin Wang , Jiajin Liu , Mu Lin , Xiang Feng , Baixuan Xu 
Published: December 2019

Objective
This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of simultaneous positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) in differentiating the benign and malignant of pancreatic tumors as well as the differentiation of pancreatic cancer.

Methods
A total of 62 patients with suspected pancreatic tumors, diagnosed by PET/MR examinations, were collected in this study. These patients were divided into benign group and malignant group. The characteristics of the morphological MR, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), the mean of standardized uptake value (SUVmean), maximum values of standardized uptake value (SUVmax), in lesions were measured, and the novel parameters SUVpeak/ADC and SUVmax/ADC were constructed. The diagnostic efficiency for differentiating the benign and malignant lesions was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the diagnosis efficiency for the differentiation of pancreatic cancer was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis.

Results
In differentiating the benign and malignant of pancreatic tumors, the diagnostic efficiency increased in the order of SUVpeak (AUROC: 0.760), SUVmax (AUROC: 0.774), T1T2 (AUROC: 0.789), ADC (AUROC: 0.817), SUVpeak/ADC (AUROC: 0.836), SUVmax/ADC (AUROC: 0.847). There was no significant correlation for SUVmax, SUVpeak, ADC, SUVpeak/ADC, and SUVmax/ADC with the differentiation of pancreatic cancer (P > 0.05). Besides, T1T2 was not significantly correlated to the differentiation of pancreatic cancer (P = 0.026, r = −0.406).

Conclusion
The integration of PET/MR imaging could be used to efficiently diagnose whether the pancreatic tumor was benign or malignant. The SUVmax/ADC was the most efficient metric, while it could not help in the differentiation of pancreatic cancer.
The cannabidiol conundrum: potential benefits and risks of cannabidiol products for children
Authors: Singer Lauren , Tokish Hannah , Park Faith , Campisi Christine , Milanaik Ruth L. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
Since the federal ban on hemp products was lifted in December 2018, cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid derived from hemp, has become increasingly popular and accessible. CBD is sold in the form of oils, tablets, and foods in locations including gas stations, cafés, and drug stores. Despite a lack of reliable evidence, many parents praise its purported therapeutic effects on a variety of childhood ailments.

Recent findings
Epidiolex was the first CBD-based medication to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2018 for the treatment of two rare and severe forms of epilepsy, known as Lennox–Gastaut and Dravet syndrome, in patients of at least 2 years of age. Its efficacy was assessed through three randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled trials in a sample of 516 patients with either Lennox–Gastaut syndrome or Dravet syndrome. Despite this development, there are few or no large-scale, rigorous studies concerning the effects of CBD on any other pediatric conditions that parents have tried to alleviate with CBD. The purpose of this review is to explore recent literature regarding the efficacy and safety of CBD in treating various health conditions in children; the risks of consuming CBD products, and the role of pediatricians in helping parents navigate often-confusing information about CBD.

Summary
Although CBD use has dramatically increased in recent years, both its potential to treat conditions and its risks have not yet been subjected to rigorous study. Pediatricians should be aware of the risks posed by poor-quality standards and labeling practices for cannabinoid products. Due to the confusing nature of the numerous sources of information about CBD, pediatricians are in a position to provide and clarify information about CBD to parents and understand the risks it poses to children.
Changes in liver allocation in United States
Authors: Leventhal Thomas M. , Florek Ellen , Chinnakotla Srinath 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
United States has seen several significant changes in liver allocation. The aim of this review is to focus on those changes.

Recent findings
The success of liver transplantation led to its wider applicability for patients with end-stage liver disease. This success meant ultimately more patients were in need of transplantation, however, there was a limited availability of cadaveric organs. A system of prioritization was critical to reconcile the disparity between supply and demand of organs for liver transplantation. Liver allocation system has continuously evolved since inception. Implementation of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD)-system of allocation occurred in 2002. Since then several ‘tweaks’ have been made to the allocation system. Most recently, United Network for Organ Sharing made significant changes to the liver-allocation policy to promote a broader sharing of livers. This policy eliminates the use of donor service areas (DSAs) and regions, and is consistent with direction given by the US Department of Health and Human Services Final Rule. This policy is awaiting implementation.

Summary
An ideal allocation policy would be fair, equitable and significantly reduce the waitlist mortality while simultaneously improving post transplantation outcomes. The impact of the recent changes in liver allocation on landscape of liver transplantation in United States is eagerly awaited.
Linking 24-h urines to clinical phenotypes: what alternatives does the future bring?
Authors: Sui Wilson , Hsi Ryan S. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
The 24-h urine test is recommended as part of the metabolic evaluation for patients with nephrolithiasis to guide preventive interventions. However, this test may be challenging to interpret and has limits in its predictive ability. In this review, we summarize and discuss the most recent research on the opportunities and challenges for utilizing urinary biomarkers for kidney stone prevention.

Recent findings
Contemporary studies utilizing the 24-h urine test have improved our understanding of how to better administer testing and interpret test results. Beyond the standard panel of 24-h urine parameters, recent applications of proteomics and metabolomics have identified protein and metabolic profiles of stone formers. These profiles can be assayed in future studies as potential biomarkers for risk stratification and prediction. Broad collaborative efforts to create large datasets and biobanks from kidney stone formers will be invaluable for kidney stone research.

Summary
Recent advances in our understanding of kidney stone risk have opened opportunities to improve metabolic testing for kidney stone formers. These strategies do not appear to be mutually exclusive of 24-h urine testing but instead complementary in their approach. Finally, large clinical datasets hold promise to be leveraged to identify new avenues for stone prevention.
Monitoring Eosinophilic Esophagitis Disease Activity With Blood Eosinophil Progenitor Levels
Authors: Henderson Anna , Magier Adam , Schwartz Justin T. , Martin Lisa J. , Collins Margaret H. , Putnam Philip E. , Mukkada Vincent A. , Abonia J. Pablo , Rothenberg Marc E. , Fulkerson Patricia C. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:A minimally invasive biomarker to monitor disease activity is one of the greatest unmet clinical needs of the pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) population. We aimed to determine whether circulating eosinophil progenitors (EoPs) could be used as a biomarker to identify pediatric patients with active EoE.Methods:In a prospective observational study, peripheral blood samples, symptom history, and laboratory data were collected from pediatric patients undergoing endoscopy for evaluation of EoE on dietary therapy at Cincinnati Children's Hospital. Peripheral blood EoP level was determined by flow cytometry.Results:Thirty‐four children with active (n = 16) and inactive (n = 18) EoE were included in the analysis. EoP levels in the peripheral blood were 3‐fold higher in patients with active EoE than inactive EoE (P < 0.0025). Blood absolute eosinophil count did not distinguish between active and inactive EoE (P = 0.16). A cut‐off EoP level ≥17 accurately detected active disease in 79% of patients with 94.4% specificity and 62.5% sensitivity (area under the curve 0.81; P < 0.0024). Antihistamine use lowered the threshold EoP level to detect active EoE.Conclusions:This study suggests that blood EoP levels may be used as a biomarker to detect active EoE disease in patients undergoing food trials and potentially reduce the need for repeated endoscopies. Larger prospective studies are needed to investigate the effects of antihistamines and swallowed steroids on EoP mobilization into the peripheral blood and longitudinal studies to assess the performance of the assay in individual patients over time.
Trauma in Youth At-Risk for Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Stowkowy Jacqueline , Goldstein Benjamin I. , MacQueen Glenda , Wang JianLi , Kennedy Sidney H. , Bray Signe , Lebel Catherine , Addington Jean 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Childhood trauma has been shown to have detrimental consequences on mental health. It is unknown what impact childhood trauma may have on the early trajectory of serious mental illness (SMI). The purpose of this article is to estimate the baseline prevalence, perceived impact, and duration of trauma that occurred before the age of 18 years in youth at risk for SMI using a transdiagnostic approach. This study included 243 youths, ages 12 to 25 years (42 healthy controls, 43 non–help-seeking individuals [stage 0], 52 help-seeking youth experiencing distress and possibly mild symptoms of anxiety or depression [stage1a], and 108 youth demonstrating attenuated symptoms of an SMI such as bipolar disorder or psychosis [stage 1b]). Participants completed an adapted version of the Childhood Trauma and Abuse scale. There were high frequencies of reported trauma across all stages. Symptomatic individuals experienced more trauma and bullying. Stage 1b individuals reported more physical abuse. Stage 1b also indicated psychological bullying to have a longer duration and impact on their lives. Future work should aim to clarify the complex interrelations between trauma and risk of SMI.