bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An algorithm to compare two‐dimensional footwear outsole images using maximum cliques and speeded‐up robust feature
Authors: Park Soyoung , Carriquiry Alicia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFootwear examiners are tasked with comparing an outsole impression (Q) left at a crime scene with an impression (K) from a database or from the suspect's shoe. We propose a method for comparing two shoe outsole impressions that relies on robust features (speeded‐up robust feature; SURF) on each impression and aligns them using a maximum clique (MC). After alignment, an algorithm we denote MC‐COMP is used to extract additional features that are then combined into a univariate similarity score using a random forest (RF). We use a database of shoe outsole impressions that includes images from two models of athletic shoes that were purchased new and then worn by study participants for about 6 months. The shoes share class characteristics such as outsole pattern and size, and thus the comparison is challenging. We find that the RF implemented on SURF outperforms other methods recently proposed in the literature in terms of classification precision. In more realistic scenarios where crime scene impressions may be degraded and smudged, the algorithm we propose—denoted MC‐COMP‐SURF—shows the best classification performance by detecting unique features better than other methods. The algorithm can be implemented with the R‐package shoeprintr.
Superresilient Hard Carbon Nanofabrics for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ding Chenfeng , Huang Lingbo , Lan Jinle , Yu Yunhua , Zhong Wei‐Hong , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDeveloping supermechanically resilient hard carbon materials that can quickly accommodate sodium ions is highly demanded in fabricating durable anodes for wearable sodium‐ion batteries. Here, an interconnected spiral nanofibrous hard carbon fabric with both remarkable resiliency (e.g., recovery rate as high as 1200 mm s−1) and high Young's modulus is reported. The hard carbon nanofabrics are prepared by spinning and then carbonizing the reaction product of polyacrylonitrile and polar molecules (melamine). The resulting unique hard carbon possesses a highly disordered carbonaceous structure with enlarged interlayer spacing contributed from the strong electrostatic repulsion of dense pyrrolic nitrogen atoms. Its excellent resiliency remains after intercalation/deintercalation of sodium ions. The outstanding sodium‐storage performance of the derived anode includes excellent gravimetric capacity, high‐power capability, and long‐term cyclic stability. More significantly, with a high loading mass, the hard carbon anode displays a high‐power capacity (1.05 mAh cm−2 at 2 A g−1) and excellent cyclic stability. This study provides a unique strategy for the design and fabrication of new hard carbon materials for advanced wearable energy storage systems.
Facilitate Gas Transport through Metal‐Organic Polyhedra Constructed Porous Liquid Membrane
Authors: Deng Zheng , Ying Wen , Gong Ke , Zeng Yu‐Jia , Yan Youguo , Peng Xinsheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractType II porous liquids are demonstrated to be promise porous materials. However, the category of porous hosts is very limited. Here, a porous host metal–organic polyhedra (MOP‐18) is reported to construct type II porous liquids. MOP‐18 is dissolved into 15‐crown‐5 as an individual cage (5 nm). Both the molecular dynamics simulations and experimental gravimetric CO2 solubility test indicate that the inner cavity of MOP‐18 in porous liquids is unoccupied by 15‐crown‐5 and is accessible to CO2. Thus, the prepared porous liquids show enhanced gas solubility. Furthermore, the prepared porous liquid is encapsulated into graphene oxide (GO) nanoslits to form a GO‐supported porous liquid membrane (GO‐SPLM). Owing to the empty cavity of MOP‐18 unit cages in porous liquids that reduces the gas diffusion barrier, GO‐SPLM significantly enhances the permeability of gas.
Cell immaturity and white/beige adipocyte potential of primary human adipose-derived stromal cells are restrained by culture-medium TGFβ1
Authors: Leménager Hélène , Fiévet Loïc M. A. , Guilloton Fabien , Naji Abderrahim , Descamps Jean-Gérard , Chaput Benoît , Suganuma Narufumi , Pagès Jean-Christophe , Sensebé Luc , Carrière Audrey , Casteilla Louis , Deschaseaux Frédéric 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) can differentiate into specialized cell types and thereby contribute to tissue regeneration. As such, hASCs have drawn increasing attention in cell therapy and regenerative medicine, not to mention the ease to isolate them from donors. Culture conditions are critical for expanding hASCs while maintaining optimal therapeutic capabilities. Here, we identified a role for transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) in culture medium in influencing the fate of hASCs during in vitro cell expansion. Human ASCs obtained after expansion in standard culture medium (Standard-hASCs) and in endothelial cell growth medium 2 (EGM2-hASCs) were characterized by high-throughput transcriptional studies, gene set enrichment analysis and functional properties. EGM2-hASCs exhibited enhanced multipotency capabilities and an immature phenotype compared with Standard-hASCs. Moreover, the adipogenic potential of EGM2-hASCs was enhanced, including toward beige adipogenesis, compared with Standard-hASCs. In these conditions, TGFβ1 acts as a critical factor affecting the immaturity and multipotency of Standard-hASCs, as suggested by small mother of decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) nuclear localization and phosphorylation in Standard-hASCs vs EGM2-hASCs. Finally, the typical priming of Standard-hASCs into osteoblast, chondroblast, and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) lineages was counteracted by pharmacological inhibition of the TGFβ1 receptor, which allowed retention of SMAD3 into the cytoplasm and a decrease in expression of osteoblast and VSMC lineage markers. Overall, the TGFβ1 pathway appears critical in influencing the commitment of hASCs toward osteoblast, chondroblast, and VSMC lineages, thus reducing their adipogenic potential. These effects can be counteracted by using EGM2 culture medium or chemical inhibition of the TGFβ1 pathway.
An integrated damping system for tall buildings
Authors: Martinez‐Paneda Miguel , Elghazouli Ahmed Y. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThis paper proposes an integrated damping system that aims at providing relatively high damping levels through the mobilization of a proportion of the structure's own mass. This offers significantly higher mass levels and, consequently, considerably more damping compared to conventional tuned mass dampers. Fluid viscous dampers are used to control accelerations in parallel with springs to resist the static loads applied to the moving mass. The advantages of employing relatively large mass levels in achieving considerable damping and reducing sensitivity to tuning are first analyzed using an idealized two degree of freedom structural representation. This is then followed by a description of the proposed “integrated damping system,” which is illustrated through a case study of a 250‐m tall building. The benefits of the proposed damping system are demonstrated through several numerical parametric assessments, as well as a selected suite of earthquake records. For the adopted case study, it is shown that, besides reducing the level of perceivable accelerations, the use of the suggested arrangement can offer an equivalent damping exceeding 50% of the critical damping, resulting in more than 40% reduction in the wind loads as well as over 60% reduction in displacement and acceleration response under seismic excitations.
From boundary data to bound states. Part II. Scattering angle to dynamical invariants (with twist)
Authors: Kälin Gregor , Porto Rafael A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe recently introduced in [9] aboundary-to-bounddictionary between gravitational scattering data and observables for bound states of non-spinning bodies. In this paper, we elaborate further on thisholographicmap. We start by deriving the following — remarkably simple — formula relating the periastron advance to the scattering angle:$$ \Delta \Phi \left(J,\mathcal{E}\right)=\upchi \left(J,\mathcal{E}\right)+\upchi \left(-J,\mathcal{E}\right) $$ΔΦJE=χJE+χ−JE, via analytic continuation in angular momentum and binding energy. Using explicit expressions from [9], we confirm its validity to all orders in the Post-Minkowskian (PM) expansion. Furthermore, we reconstruct the radial action for the bound state directly from the knowledge of the scattering angle. The radial action enables us to write compact expressions for dynamical invariants in terms of the deflection angle to all PM orders, which can also be written as a function of the PM-expanded amplitude. As an example, we reproduce our result in [9] for the periastron advance, and compute the radial and azimuthal frequencies and redshift variable to two-loops. Agreement is found in the overlap between PM and Post-Newtonian (PN) schemes. Last but not least, we initiate the study of our dictionary including spin. We demonstrate that the same relation between deflection angle and periastron advance applies for aligned-spin contributions, withJthe (canonical)totalangular momentum. Explicit checks are performed to display perfect agreement using state-of-the-art PN results in the literature. Using the map between test- and two-body dynamics, we also compute the periastron advance up to quadratic order in spin, to one-loop and to all orders in velocity. We conclude with a discussion on the generalized ‘impetus formula’ for spinning bodies and black holes as ‘elementary particles’. Our findings here and in [9] imply that the deflection angle already encodes vast amount of physical information for bound orbits, encouraging independent derivations using numerical and/or self-force methodologies.
Stepwise development and model checking of adistributed interlocking system using RAISE
Authors: Geisler S. , Haxthausen A. E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper considers the challenge of designing and verifying control protocols for geographically distributed railway interlocking systems. It describes how this challenge can be tackled by stepwise development and model checking of state transition system models in a new extension of the RAISE Specification Language.
Railway interlocking systems are reconfigurable systems which can be configured by supplying data describing the network to be controlled and other details. Therefore, such systems are natural candidates for being modelled by generic state transition systems, which abstract away from the concrete configuration at the time of modelling, and can later be instantiated with concrete data.
For a real-world case study, a generic state transition system is developed in steps, starting with an abstract model of the essential system behaviour and incrementally adding details and restrictions. The stepwise development method allows different variants of the control protocol to be explored. The generic models are instantiated with concrete configuration data, after which desired properties, in particular safety properties, of the system models are verified using model checking.
Effective Behaviour of Critical-Contrast PDEs: Micro-resonances, Frequency Conversion, and Time Dispersive Properties. I
Authors: Cherednichenko Kirill D. , Ershova Yulia Yu. , Kiselev Alexander V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA novel approach to critical-contrast homogenisation for periodic PDEs is proposed, via an explicit asymptotic analysis of Dirichlet-to-Neumann operators. Norm-resolvent asymptotics for non-uniformly elliptic problems with highly oscillating coefficients are explicitly constructed. An essential feature of the new technique is that it relates homogenisation limits to a class of time-dispersive media.
Post-contrast acute kidney injury in a hospitalized population: short-, mid-, and long-term outcome and risk factors for adverse events
Authors: Cheng Wei , Wu Xi , Liu Qian , Wang Hong-Shen , Zhang Ning-Ya , Xiao Ye-Qing , Yan Ping , Li Xu-Wei , Duan Xiang-Jie , Peng Jing-Cheng , Feng Song , Duan Shao-Bin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the prognosis including major adverse kidney events within 30 days (MAKE30) and 90-day and 1-year adverse outcome in hospitalized patients with post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) to identify high-risk factors.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included 288 PC-AKI patients selected from 277,898 patients admitted to hospitals from January 2015 to December 2015. PC-AKI was defined according to the 2018 guideline of European Society of Urogenital Radiology. Multivariable Cox regression and logistic regression analyses were used to analyze main outcome and risk factors.ResultsPC-AKI patients with AKI stage ≥ 2 had much higher incidence of MAKE30 than those with AKI stage 1 (RR = 7.027, 95% CI 4.918–10.039). Persistent renal dysfunction, heart failure, central nervous system failure, baseline eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, oliguria or anuria, blood urea nitrogen ≥ 7.14 mmol/L, respiratory failure, and shock were independent risk factors of 90-day or 1-year adverse prognosis (p < 0.05). Compared with transient renal dysfunction, PC-AKI patients with persistent renal dysfunction had a higher all-cause mortality rate (RR = 3.768, 95% CI 1.612–8.810; RR = 4.106, 95% CI 1.765–9.551) as well as combined endpoints of death, chronic kidney disease, or end-stage renal disease (OR = 3.685, 95% CI 1.628–8.340; OR = 5.209, 95% CI 1.730–15.681) within 90 days or 1 year.ConclusionsPC-AKI is not always a transient, benign creatininopathy, but can result in adverse outcome. AKI stage is independently correlated to MAKE30 and persistent renal dysfunction may exaggerate the risk of long-term adverse events.Key Points• PC-AKI can result in adverse outcome such as persistent renal dysfunction, dialysis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), or death.• AKI stage is independently correlated to MAKE30.• Persistent renal dysfunction may exaggerate the risk of long-term adverse events.
Hepatocellular adenomas: is there additional value in using Gd-EOB-enhanced MRI for subtype differentiation?
Authors: Auer Timo Alexander , Fehrenbach Uli , Grieser Christian , Penzkofer Tobias , Geisel Dominik , Schmelzle Moritz , Müller Tobias , Bläker Hendrik , Seehofer Daniel , Denecke Timm 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To differentiate subtypes of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) based on enhancement characteristics in gadoxetic acid (Gd-EOB) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and methods
Forty-eight patients with 79 histopathologically proven HCAs who underwent Gd-EOB-enhanced MRI were enrolled (standard of reference: surgical resection). Two blinded radiologists performed quantitative measurements (lesion-to-liver enhancement) and evaluated qualitative imaging features. Inter-reader variability was tested. Advanced texture analysis was used to evaluate lesion heterogeneity three-dimensionally.

Results
Overall, there were 19 (24%) hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1a-mutated (HHCAs), 37 (47%) inflammatory (IHCAs), 5 (6.5%) b-catenin-activated (bHCA), and 18 (22.5%) unclassified (UHCAs) adenomas. In the hepatobiliary phase (HBP), 49.5% (39/79) of all adenomas were rated as hypointense and 50.5% (40/79) as significantly enhancing (defined as > 25% intralesional GD-EOB uptake). 82.5% (33/40) of significantly enhancing adenomas were IHCAs, while only 4% (1/40) were in the HHCA subgroup (p < 0.001). When Gd-EOB uptake behavior was considered in conjunction with established MRI features (binary regression model), the area under the curve (AUC) increased from 0.785 to 0.953 for differentiation of IHCA (atoll sign + hyperintensity), from 0.859 to 0.903 for bHCA (scar + hyperintensity), and from 0.899 to 0.957 for HHCA (steatosis + hypointensity). Three-dimensional region of interest (3D ROI) analysis showed significantly increased voxel heterogeneity for IHCAs (p = 0.038).

Conclusion
Gd-EOB MRI is of added value for subtype differentiation of HCAs and reliably identifies the typical heterogeneous HBP uptake of IHCAs. Diagnostic accuracy can be improved significantly by the combined analysis of established morphologic MR appearances and intralesional Gd-EOB uptake.

Key Points
•Gd-EOB-enhanced MRI is of added value for subtype differentiation of HCA.
•IHCA and HHCA can be identified reliably based on their typical Gd-EOB uptake patterns, and accuracy increases significantly when additionally taking established MR appearances into account.
•The small numbers of bHCAs and UHCAs remain the source of diagnostic uncertainty.
PIV-based pressure estimation in the canopy of urban-like roughness
Authors: Ferreira M. Aguiar , Ganapathisubramani B. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In-plane velocity measurements from PIV are used to estimate the pressure field above and within the canopy of two staggered arrays of cuboids, with distinct height distributions, via 2D-RANS and 2D-TH. The viability of this approach is examined by first comparing the mean drag profiles against reported wind-tunnel measurements that were carried out under similar test conditions and numerical simulations (LES and DNS). The surface drag is extrapolated from the nearest data point surrounding the roughness elements. Second, estimates of the friction velocity $$U_{\tau }^p$$Uτp and the zero-plane displacement height $$d^p$$dp are obtained by integrating the axial pressure difference across each individual obstacle, assuming it is spanwise uniform. These are compared against direct measurements of the wall-shear stress from a floating-element balance and a pressure-tapped cube, as well as against estimates from indirect methods. In addition to mean pressure maps, snapshots of the pressure field are obtained via 2D-TH, based on Taylor’s Hypothesis, which are used to compute the RMS of the pressure fluctuations on the surface of a cube. The results indicate that 2D-RANS and 2D-TH perform adequately, providing reasonable estimates of the mean pressure distribution and of the boundary-layer flow parameters, outperforming indirect methods which rely on equilibrium assumptions that are often not verified.

Graphic abstract
Non-localised contact between beams with
circular and elliptical cross-sections
Authors: Magliulo Marco , Lengiewicz Jakub , Zilian Andreas , Beex Lars A. A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe key novelty of this contribution is a dedicated technique to
efficiently determine the distance (gap) function between parallel or almost parallel
beams with circular and elliptical cross-sections. The technique consists of
parametrizing the surfaces of the two beams in contact, fixing a point on the centroid
line of one of the beams and searching for a constrained minimum distance between the
surfaces (two variants are investigated). The resulting unilateral (frictionless)
contact condition is then enforced with the Penalty method, which introduces compliance
to the, otherwise rigid, beams’ cross-sections. Two contact integration schemes are
considered: the conventional slave-master approach (which is biased as the contact
virtual work is only integrated over the slave surface) and the so-called two-half-pass
approach (which is unbiased as the contact virtual work is integrated over the two
contacting surfaces). Details of the finite element formulation, which is suitably
implemented using Automatic Differentiation techniques, are presented. A set of
numerical experiments shows the overall performance of the framework and allows a
quantitative comparison of the investigated variants.
The impact of the verbal instruction and task characteristics on effect-based action control
Authors: Vogel Diana , Rudolf Matthias , Scherbaum Stefan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAccording to ideomotor theory, when people perform a movement and observe its subsequent effect, they acquire a bidirectional action-effect association. If at a later point they want to produce the effect, its anticipation activates and allows executing the corresponding action. In ideomotor induction tasks, several task characteristics determine whether participants use the experimentally induced action-effect associations to pre-activate the corresponding actions. Here, we assess the impact of the verbal instruction, the task relevance of the effect stimuli and the presentation of post-response effects on the expression of action-effect associations. The results show that an instruction stressing the stimulus–effect correspondence prompts participants to utilize the presented effects more than an instruction stressing the stimulus-response correspondence. Furthermore, the induced action-effect associations were only expressed when the effects were relevant for the task and when post-response effects were presented in the test phase. These findings show the importance of the particular task construction for the expression of the experimentally manipulated action-effect knowledge.
Examining the Relationship Between Autism Traits and Sleep Duration as Predictors of Suicidality
Authors: Hochard K. D. , Pendrous R. , Mari T. , Flynn S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractShort sleep duration is a known risk factor for suicidality in the general population, yet it is unclear how short sleep interacts with autism traits in predicting suicidality. In this cross-sectional online study, a general population sample (N = 650) completed measures assessing autism traits, suicidal ideation, and sleep duration. Moderated hierarchical regressions demonstrated that higher autism traits and shorter sleep were independent predictors of increased suicide ideation. However, sleep duration did not significantly moderate the autism trait to suicide ideation relationship. Future work should explore this relationship longitudinally using objective measures before considering intervention work to increase sleep duration in those with elevated autism traits.
Growing a small firm; experiences and managing difficult processes
Authors: Tunberg Maria , Anderson Alistair R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractContrary to a simple model of small firm growth where increased inputs produce greater outputs, we consider growth is a complex and difficult process. Accordingly, the paper is concerned with how small firms grow, especially how they make sense of the growth process. We collected narratives of the experiences of small firm growth in an extended case study to draw out how growth is understood and managed. We saw how owners became entangled in the process of growing, especially where a change in one aspect led to problems in other dimensions of growth. Their narratives were about trying to make sense, and give some sense to the complexity of growth and some direction to what they should manage. We identified a repertoire of narrative forms: Growth is understood through output indicators, growth is treated as the internal development of the firm and finally, growth is taken to be inevitable - a necessity to which the firm has to conform. These illustrate how growth can be understood as processes of growing, bound up in the context, created in space and time, and contingent on how growth is understood and experienced. Far from a smooth trajectory, enacting growth reflects the experience of the moment, it is shaped by reactions rather than strategy and it is messy rather than ordered. This study contributes to the literature by complementing the functionalist and output oriented view by understanding firm growth as a social phenomenon constructed and reconstructed in the interactions between people and experiences of context.