bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Mass Transfer Coefficient of CO2–Amine System from Absorption Process
Authors: Limlertchareonwanit Thanakornkan , Maneeintr Kreangkrai , Charinpanitkul Tawatchai 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the main factors for climate change issues. Absorption is the technology to remove CO2 from various industries. The equipment used is the packed column to promote high mass transfer rate and to study the overall mass transfer coefficient (KGav). The KGav is an important parameter for designing and scaling up of packed column. Therefore, the objective of this work is to measure KGav for CO2 absorption into the aqueous solution of monoethanolamine (MEA) in a random-packed column and to investigate effect of parameters on KGav. The parameters are the solvent flow rate from 5.3-15.9 m3/m2h, CO2 initial loading from 0.0-0.2 mole/mole and CO2 content in gas phase from 5-15 %v/v. The results show that KGav increases as the solvent flow rate and solvent concentration increase. The CO2 content in gas phase provides relatively high impact on KGav with an increase in the CO2 content.
Understanding the properties of liquid-crystalline polymers by computational modeling
Authors: Binder Kurt , Egorov Sergei A , Milchev Andrey , Nikoubashman Arash 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A topical review of recent theoretical work on the properties of lyotropic solutions and melts containing semiflexible polymers in thermal equilibrium is given, with a focus on the liquid-crystalline and smectic order of these systems in the bulk and under confinement. Starting with a discussion of single chain properties in terms of the Kratky-Porod worm-like chain model and its limitations, extensions along the lines of Onsager’s theory for the isotropic-nematic transition of solutions of hard rods are briefly reviewed. This discussion is followed by a review of recent Molecular Dynamics simulations and classical Density Functional Theory calculations. It is argued that, even in the simplest case of athermal solutions, coarse-grained polymer models must include three lengths: the contour length L, the persistence length

ℓ

p

, and the effective chain thickness D. The discussion is then extended to semiflexible polymers in solutions with thermally driven transitions, where the isotropic-isotropic phase separation competes with the isotropic-nematic transition. Basic physical phenomena due to confinement of these systems in thin films with either repulsive or attractive walls are briefly reviewed, and conditions for the formation of strongly ordered surface layers are identified.
What is globalization?
Authors: Steger Manfred B. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
‘What is globalization?’ uses the story of how a lost iPhone turned its American owner into an Internet celebrity in China to illustrate our increased interconnectedness in both embodied and disembodied globalization (safer, faster air travel, and improved digital technology). When searching for a definition of globalization, it helps to distinguish between globalization, globality, and the global imaginary, which is people’s growing consciousness of the world as a single whole. Globalization as a process does not automatically lead to globalization as a condition. It is a complex, uneven set of processes taking place across world-time and world-space. Globalization is about intensifying planetary interconnectivity.
The cultural dimension of globalization
Authors: Steger Manfred B. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Cultural globalization arises from increased cultural flows across the world. ‘The cultural dimension of globalization’ focuses on the tension between cultural sameness and cultural difference, broadly defining culture as the ideas, customs, and social behaviour of people or society. The globalization of culture is often primarily attributed to international mass media. New technologies such as satellite television and the Internet have created a steady flow of images and messages which have had a strong effect on cultures and communities, profoundly impacting the way people experience their everyday lives. As the world becomes more connected, language diversity is decreasing as more languages become obsolete.
Surviving the surge: Evaluation of early impact of COVID-19 on inpatient pharmacy services at a community teaching hospital
Authors: McConachie Sean , Martirosov Dmitriy , Wang Bryan , Desai Neha , Jarjosa Sabrina , Hsaiky Lama 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Purpose
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented novel challenges to healthcare systems; however, an analysis of the impact of the pandemic on inpatient pharmacy services has not yet been conducted.

Methods
Results of an observational assessment of operational and clinical pharmacy services at a community teaching hospital during the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. Service outcomes of the inpatient pharmacy were evaluated from February 1 to April 8, 2020. Outcomes during the weeks preceding the first COVID-19 admission (February 1 to March 11, 2020) and during the pandemic period (March 12 to April 8, 2020) were compared. Evaluated outcomes included daily order verifications, clinical interventions, and usage of relevant medications. An exploratory statistical analysis was conducted using Student’s t test.

Results
During the pandemic period, the number of new order verifications decreased from approximately 5,000 orders per day to 3,300 orders per day (P &lt; 0.01), a reduction of 30% during the first 4 weeks of the pandemic compared to the weeks prior. Average daily pharmacokinetic dosing consults were reduced in the pandemic period (from 82 to 67; P &lt; 0.01) compared to the prepandemic period; however, total daily pharmacist interventions did not differ significantly (473 vs 456; P = 0.68). Dispensing of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, enoxaparin, and sedative medications increased substantially during the pandemic period (P &lt; 0.01 for all comparisons).

Conclusion
The operational and clinical requirements of an inpatient pharmacy department shifted considerably during the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Pharmacy departments must be adaptable in order to continue to provide effective pharmaceutical care during the pandemic.
Herbivory and anti-herbivore defences in wild and cultivated Cnidoscolus aconitifolius: disentangling domestication and environmental effects
Authors: Solís-Montero Virginia , Martínez-Natarén Daniela A , Parra-Tabla Víctor , Ibarra-Cerdeña Carlos , Munguía-Rosas Miguel A 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhenotypic changes in plants during domestication may disrupt plant–herbivore interactions. Because wild and cultivated plants have different habitats and some anti-herbivore defences exhibit some plasticity, their defences may be also influenced by the environment. Our goal was to assess the effects of domestication and the environment on herbivory and some anti-herbivore defences in chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) in its centre of domestication. Herbivores, herbivory, and direct and indirect anti-herbivore defences were assessed in wild and cultivated plants. The same variables were measured in the field and in a common garden to assess environmental effects. Our results show that domestication increased herbivory and herbivore abundance, but reduced direct and some indirect defences (ants). The environment also affected the herbivore guild (herbivore abundance and richness) and some direct and indirect defences (trichome number and ants). There was also an interaction effect of domestication and the environment on the number of trichomes. We conclude that domestication and the environment influence herbivory and anti-herbivore defences in an additive and interactive manner in chaya.
Benchmark of software tools for prokaryotic chromosomal interaction domain identification
Authors: Magnitov Mikhail D , Kuznetsova Veronika S , Ulianov Sergey V , Razin Sergey V , Tyakht Alexander V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Motivation
The application of genome-wide chromosome conformation capture (3C) methods to prokaryotes provided insights into the spatial organization of their genomes and identified patterns conserved across the tree of life, such as chromatin compartments and contact domains. Prokaryotic genomes vary in GC content and the density of restriction sites along the chromosome, suggesting that these properties should be considered when planning experiments and choosing appropriate software for data processing. Diverse algorithms are available for the analysis of eukaryotic chromatin contact maps, but their potential application to prokaryotic data has not yet been evaluated.

Results
Here, we present a comparative analysis of domain calling algorithms using available single-microbe experimental data. We evaluated the algorithms’ intra-dataset reproducibility, concordance with other tools and sensitivity to coverage and resolution of contact maps. Using RNA-seq as an example, we showed how orthogonal biological data can be utilized to validate the reliability and significance of annotated domains. We also suggest that in silico simulations of contact maps can be used to choose optimal restriction enzymes and estimate theoretical map resolutions before the experiment. Our results provide guidelines for researchers investigating microbes and microbial communities using high-throughput 3C assays such as Hi-C and 3C-seq.

Availability and implementation
The code of the analysis is available at https://github.com/magnitov/prokaryotic_cids.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Event history analysis of dynamic networks
Authors: Sit T , Ying Z , Yu Y 
Published: May 2020

SummaryStatistical analysis on networks has received growing attention due to demand from various emerging applications. In dynamic networks, one of the key interests is to model the event history of time-stamped interactions among nodes. We model dynamic directed networks via multivariate counting processes. A pseudo partial likelihood approach is exploited to capture the network dependence structure. Asymptotic results are established. Numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposal.
Hyperexcitability in Aging Is Lost in Alzheimer’s: What Is All the Excitement About?
Authors: Lockwood Colin T , Duffy Charles J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Neuronal hyperexcitability has emerged as a potential biomarker of late-onset early-stage Alzheimer’s disease (LEAD). We hypothesize that the aging-related posterior cortical hyperexcitability anticipates the loss of excitability with the emergence of impairment in LEAD. To test this hypothesis, we compared the behavioral and neurophysiological responses of young and older (ON) normal adults, and LEAD patients during a visuospatial attentional control task. ONs show frontal cortical signal incoherence and posterior cortical hyper-responsiveness with preserved attentional control. LEADs lose the posterior hyper-responsiveness and fail in the attentional task. Our findings suggest that signal incoherence and cortical hyper-responsiveness in aging may contribute to the development of functional impairment in LEAD.
From Easing Lockdowns to Scaling Up Community-based Coronavirus Disease 2019 Screening, Testing, and Contact Tracing in Africa—Shared Approaches, Innovations, and Challenges to Minimize Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Nachega Jean B , Grimwood Ashraf , Mahomed Hassan , Fatti Geoffrey , Preiser Wolfgang , Kallay Oscar , Mbala Placide K , Muyembe Jean-Jacques T , Rwagasore Edson , Nsanzimana Sabin , Ngamije Daniel , Condo Jeanine , Sidat Mohsin , Noormahomed Emilia V , Reid Michael , Lukeni Beatrice , Suleman Fatima , Mteta Alfred , Zumla Alimuddin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The arrival of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the African continent resulted in a range of lockdown measures that curtailed the spread of the infection but caused economic hardship. African countries now face difficult choices regarding easing of lockdowns and sustaining effective public health control measures and surveillance. Pandemic control will require efficient community screening, testing, and contact tracing; behavioral change interventions; adequate resources; and well-supported, community-based teams of trained, protected personnel. We discuss COVID-19 control approaches in selected African countries and the need for shared, affordable, innovative methods to overcome challenges and minimize mortality. This crisis presents a unique opportunity to align COVID-19 services with those already in place for human immunodeficiency virus, tuberculosis, malaria, and non communicable diseases through mobilization of Africa’s interprofessional healthcare workforce. By addressing the challenges, the detrimental effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on African citizens can be minimized.
Persistence of Hybrid Diagnosability of Regular Networks Under Testing Diagnostic Model
Authors: Lian Guanqin , Zhou Shuming , Cheng Eddie , Liu Jiafei , Chen Gaolin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Diagnosability is an important metric to fault tolerance and reliability for multiprocessor systems. However, plenty of research on fault diagnosability focuses on node failure. In practical scenario, not only node failures take place but also link malfunctions may arise. In this work, we investigate the diagnosability of general regular networks with failing nodes as well as missing malfunctional links. Let $S$ be a set of the missing links and broken-down nodes. We first prove that the diagnosability of the survival graph $G\setminus S$ persists $\delta (G\setminus S)$ under the PMC model (Preparata, F.P., Metze, G. and Chien, R.T. (1967) On the connection assignment problem of diagnosable systems. IEEE Trans. Electron. Comput., EC-16, 848–854) for a $t$-regular and $t$-connected triangle-free network $G$ subject to $|S|\leq t-1$ and $|V(G)|\geq 3t-2$ ($t\geq 3$). Furthermore, we determine the diagnosability of $G\setminus S$ for some kinds of extensively explored $t$-regular networks with triangles subject to $|S|\leq t-1$ ($t\geq 3$).
Risk of Uveitis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Immunosuppressive Drug Therapy
Authors: Barberio Julie , Kim Seoyoung C , Roh Miin , Lewis James D , Desai Rishi J 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients may develop anterior uveitis.MethodsAn observational cohort of IBD patients followed new users of (1) tumor necrosis factor inhibitor versus nonbiologic agents or (2) adalimumab versus infliximab until occurrence of anterior uveitis or treatment change/discontinuation. Cox-proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios in propensity score-matched cohorts of Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis patients.ResultsNo statistically significant differences in the risk of uveitis were observed between initiators of nonbiologics and tumor necrosis factor inhibitor. Effect estimates for adalimumab versus infliximab were highly imprecise due to limited outcomes.ConclusionsUveitis risk was not different between IBD patients treated with immunosuppressives.
Warming and disturbance alter soil microbiome diversity and function in a northern forest ecotone
Authors: Van Nuland Michael E , Smith Dylan P , Bhatnagar Jennifer M , Stefanski Artur , Hobbie Sarah E , Reich Peter B , Peay Kabir G 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe response to global change by soil microbes is set to affect important ecosystem processes. These impacts could be most immediate in transitional zones, such as the temperate-boreal forest ecotone, yet previous work in these forests has primarily focused on specific subsets of microbial taxa. Here, we examined how bacterial and fungal communities respond to simulated above- and below-ground warming under realistic field conditions in closed and open canopy treatments in Minnesota, USA. Our results show that warming and canopy disturbance shifted bacterial and fungal community structure as dominant bacterial and fungal groups differed in the direction and intensity of their responses. Ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungal communities with greater connectivity (higher prevalence of strongly interconnected taxa based on pairwise co-occurrence relationships) were more resistant to compositional change. Warming effects on soil enzymes involved in the hydrolytic and oxidative liberation of carbon from plant cell walls and nutrients from organic matter were most strongly linked to fungal community responses, although community structure–function relationships differed between fungal guilds. Collectively, these findings indicate that warming and disturbance will influence the composition and function of microbial communities in the temperate-boreal ecotone, and fungal responses are particularly important to understand for predicting future ecosystem functioning.
Fcirc: A comprehensive pipeline for the exploration of fusion linear and circular RNAs
Authors: Cai Zhaoqing , Xue Hongzhang , Xu Yue , Köhler Jens , Cheng Xiaojie , Dai Yao , Zheng Jie , Wang Haiyun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
In cancer cells, fusion genes can produce linear and chimeric fusion-circular RNAs (f-circRNAs), which are functional in gene expression regulation and implicated in malignant transformation, cancer progression, and therapeutic resistance. For specific cancers, proteins encoded by fusion transcripts have been identified as innovative therapeutic targets (e.g., EML4-ALK). Even though RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technologies combined with existing bioinformatics approaches have enabled researchers to systematically identify fusion transcripts, specifically detecting f-circRNAs in cells remains challenging owing to their general sparsity and low abundance in cancer cells but also owing to imperfect computational methods.

Results
We developed the Python-based workflow “Fcirc” to identify fusion linear and f-circRNAs from RNA-Seq data with high specificity. We applied Fcirc to 3 different types of RNA-Seq data scenarios: (i) actual synthetic spike-in RNA-Seq data, (ii) simulated RNA-Seq data, and (iii) actual cancer cell–derived RNA-Seq data. Fcirc showed significant advantages over existing methods regarding both detection accuracy (i.e., precision, recall, F-measure) and computing performance (i.e., lower runtimes).

Conclusion
Fcirc is a powerful and comprehensive Python-based pipeline to identify linear and circular RNA transcripts from known fusion events in RNA-Seq datasets with higher accuracy and shorter computing times compared with previously published algorithms. Fcirc empowers the research community to study the biology of fusion RNAs in cancer more effectively.
High-quality human preimplantation embryos stimulate endometrial stromal cell migration via secretion of microRNA hsa-miR-320a
Authors: Berkhout Robbert P , Keijser Remco , Repping Sjoerd , Lambalk Cornelis B , Afink Gijs B , Mastenbroek Sebastiaan , Hamer Geert 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
How do high-quality human preimplantation embryos influence the endometrium to promote their own implantation?

SUMMARY ANSWER
High-quality human preimplantation embryos secrete a specific microRNA (miRNA), hsa-miR-320a, which promotes migration of human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs).

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
We have previously shown that high-quality human preimplantation embryos excrete unknown factors that influence migration of hESCs.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
Embryo excreted miRNAs, specifically those excreted by high-quality embryos, were identified and their effect on hESCs was determined by measuring the migration capacity and gene expression patterns of primary isolated hESCs.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Embryo conditioned medium (ECM) from routine ICSI procedures was used to identify embryo excreted miRNAs. miRNome analyses were performed on ECM from individually cultured embryos with high morphological quality, with low morphological quality or empty control medium. MiRNA mimics and inhibitors were then used to further study the effect of miRNAs of interest on migration and gene expression of hESCs. Migration assays were performed using hESCs that were obtained from endometrial biopsies performed on hysterectomy specimens from women that received surgery for spotting due to a niche in a cesarean section scar.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
By using miRNA mimics and inhibitors, we showed that hsa-miR-320a alone can stimulate migration of decidualized hESCs, accurately resembling the response typically triggered only by high-quality embryos. Transcriptome analysis further demonstrated that this effect is very likely mediated via altered expression of genes involved in cell adhesion and cytoskeleton organization.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
The effect of hsa-miR-320a on hESCs was measured in vitro. Further studies on the in vivo effect of hsa-miR-320a are warranted.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Implantation failure is one of the major success limiting factors in human reproduction. By secreting hsa-miR-320a, high-quality human preimplantation embryos directly influence hESCs, most likely to prime the endometrium at the implantation site for successful implantation. Together, our results indicate that hsa-miR-320a may be a promising target to further increase success rates in assisted reproduction.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
The study was funded by the Amsterdam University Medical Centers and the Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute. R.P.B., G.H. and S.M. have a patent on the use of hsa-miR-320a in assisted reproduction treatments pending.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A.
Crohn’s Disease Differentially Affects Region-Specific Composition and Aerotolerance Profiles of Mucosally Adherent Bacteria
Authors: Shahir Nur M , Wang Jeremy R , Wolber E Ashley , Schaner Matthew S , Frank Daniel N , Ir Diana , Robertson Charles E , Chaumont Nicole , Sadiq Timothy S , Koruda Mark J , Rahbar Reza , Nix B Darren , Newberry Rodney D , Sartor R Balfour , Sheikh Shehzad Z , Furey Terrence S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The intestinal microbiota play a key role in the onset, progression, and recurrence of Crohn disease (CD). Most microbiome studies assay fecal material, which does not provide region-specific information on mucosally adherent bacteria that directly interact with host systems. Changes in luminal oxygen have been proposed as a contributor to CD dybiosis.

Methods
The authors generated 16S rRNA data using colonic and ileal mucosal bacteria from patients with CD and without inflammatory bowel disease. We developed profiles reflecting bacterial abundance within defined aerotolerance categories. Bacterial diversity, composition, and aerotolerance profiles were compared across intestinal regions and disease phenotypes.

Results
Bacterial diversity decreased in CD in both the ileum and the colon. Aerotolerance profiles significantly differed between intestinal segments in patients without inflammatory bowel disease, although both were dominated by obligate anaerobes, as expected. In CD, high relative levels of obligate anaerobes were maintained in the colon and increased in the ileum. Relative abundances of similar and distinct taxa were altered in colon and ileum. Notably, several obligate anaerobes, such as Bacteroides fragilis, dramatically increased in CD in one or both intestinal segments, although specific increasing taxa varied across patients. Increased abundance of taxa from the Proteobacteria phylum was found only in the ileum. Bacterial diversity was significantly reduced in resected tissues of patients who developed postoperative disease recurrence across 2 independent cohorts, with common lower abundance of bacteria from the Bacteroides, Streptococcus, and Blautia genera.

Conclusions
Mucosally adherent bacteria in the colon and ileum show distinct alterations in CD that provide additional insights not revealed in fecal material.