bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
For Those in the “Ghetto Torture Chambers”
Authors: Teutsch Matthew , Oakes Jason Lee 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the connective tissue that joins the urban noir tradition to the representations of antiheros that populate Iceberg Slim’s texts and many hip hop narratives. Specifically, it analyzes Slim’s construction of realness in his writings and his 1976 album Reflections in order to understand how his work shapes a notion of “pulp authenticity” that would come to influence gangsta rap. Slim and his hip hop progeny arose from the noir tradition, a literary genre that confronted anxieties of race and gender identity amid an ever-changing urban landscape. Pulp authenticity incorporates the sensational on one hand and varying forms of genuineness on the other, appearing in African American noir cultural productions in the latter part of the twentieth century and into the twenty-first. At its core, pulp authenticity funnels “genuineness” through a genre that privileges the sensational.
Durkheim and the New Sociology of Morality
Authors: Lukes Steven 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Durkheim’s writings on morality are examined, distinguishing his earlier, more familiar account from later developments that advance new ideas relevant to present-day debates. The question is raised of the extent to which familiar criticisms of Durkheim’s sociology of morality are justified and ways are suggested in which sociologists and anthropologists can gain from reconsidering Durkheim on morality. His attempts to demarcate the scope of the sociology of morals against the claims of the philosophers and psychologists of his time are, it is argued, relevant to how sociologists of morality should view today’s philosophers and psychologists. Durkheim’s influence on current work by sociologists of morality is considered: positive influence, whether acknowledged or not, and negative, in response to what are seen as inadequacies of Durkheim’s approach. It is suggested that apparently non-Durkheimian studies of trust, collective action, and the evolution of social norms are nonetheless Durkheimian in their object of inquiry.
The Artificial Pancreas in Cyborg Bodies
Authors: Hatch Anthony Ryan , Gordon Julia T. , Sternlieb Sonya R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The new artificial pancreas system includes a body-attached blood glucose sensor that tracks glucose levels, a worn insulin infusion pump that communicates with the sensor, and features new software that integrates the two systems. The artificial pancreas is purportedly revolutionary because of its closed-loop design, which means that the machine can give insulin without direct patient intervention. It can read a blood sugar and administer insulin based on an algorithm. But, the hardware for the corporate artificial pancreas is expensive and its software code is closed-access. Yet, well-educated, tech-savvy diabetics have been fashioning their own fully automated do-it-yourself (DIY) artificial pancreases for years, relying on small-scale manufacturing, open-source software, and inventive repurposing of corporate hardware. In this chapter, we trace the corporate and DIY artificial pancreases as they grapple with issues of design and accessibility in a content where not everyone can become a diabetic cyborg. The corporate artificial pancreas offers the cyborg low levels of agency and no ownership and control over his or her own data; it also requires access to health insurance in order to procure and use the technology. The DIY artificial pancreas offers patients a more robust of agency but also requires high levels of intellectual capital to hack the devices and make the system work safely. We argue that efforts to increase agency, radically democratize biotechnology, and expand information ownership in the DIY movement are characterized by ideologies and social inequalities that also define corporate pathways.
The Right(s) to Procreate and Assisted Reproductive Technologies in the United States
Authors: Cohen I. Glenn 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the right (or rights) to procreate in the United States, with a focus on reproductive technology use. The United States has been too often described as the “wild west” of reproductive technology use. When measured against many of its comparators—Canada, Australia, the UK, Germany, etc.—it is undoubtedly true that more forms of reproductive technology use are permitted in the United States than elsewhere. It is for this reason that the United States has been a frequent destination for “circumvention tourism” or “fertility tourism.” At the same time, it would be wrong to think that reproductive medicine is unregulated in the United States. The chapter argues that it is just that the regulation is more fragmented, both in terms of the locus of control (federal vs. state authority, governmental vs. professional self-regulation, etc.) and also of the legal sources involved (more of a focus on tort law and family law than direct regulation at the statutory or constitutional level).
The Roman Empire in Paul’s Letters
Authors: Liew Tat-siong Benny 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Paul’s reality as a colonized Jew and an imperial subject of Rome means that the Roman Empire loomed large in his world, especially given his frequent travels to spread the gospel of Jesus Christ to Gentiles of the Roman Empire. Although Paul’s letters seldom refer directly to the Roman Empire, the Roman Empire formed the content as much as it constituted the context of Paul’s letters. While these letters contain critiques of the Roman Empire, they also mirror the Roman Empire in different ways. Attempts to pin Paul down through his letters as either anti-imperial or pro-Rome are unrealistic and reductionist, because they do not take seriously the complexity of the Roman Empire, of Paul as a person, of language and writing, and of textual interpretation.
Social Relations Modeling of Interpersonal Accuracy
Authors: Malloy Thomas E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Interpersonal perception is a dyadic phenomenon with multiple perspectives; dyad members reciprocally perceive one another (perceptions), while also assessing how the other perceives them (meta-perceptions). Because accuracy is inherently dyadic, social relations modeling is appropriate for partitioning interpersonal perceptions into theoretically meaningful components called perceiver, target, and relationship. Estimation of accuracy should use only the relevant components when assessing if perceptions conform to a validity criterion. Moreover, interpersonal perception exists within a broader nomological network of perceptual phenomena. People assume that others’ traits are similar to their own traits (assumed similarity), and that others judge them as they judge others (assumed reciprocity). Each has implications for accuracy. Theoretical models are developed that specify the effect of perceivers’ assumptions about others (i.e., top-down processes), and the effect of others’ behaviors (i.e., bottom-up processes) on perceivers’ judgments of targets’ traits, and their impact on accuracy.
Humanism in East Asia
Authors: Huang Chun-chieh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses types of Confucian humanism in East Asia, their manifestations, functions, and shared core value. First of all, it differentiates two types of Confucian humanism: (a) ethno-historical humanism, and (b) culturo-philosophical humanism. The former was baptized in the spirit of temporality while the latter stressed a return to the spontaneity of one’s mind-heart, which was considered to be supra-temporal and supra-spatial. Both types of Confucian humanism took humanity or ren (仁) as their core value. Throughout the history of Confucian humanism, the meaning of ren fell into four categories, namely: (a) ren as the locale of physical and mental relief; (b) ren as the inner awareness of value judgment: (c) ren as social ethics; and (d) ren as political career. Confucius and Zhu Xi were the two major architects of Confucian humanistic thinking. The spirit of Confucian humanism manifested itself in beliefs in a (a) mind-body continuum, (b) self-other harmony, (c) homo-cosmic resonation, and (d) past-present fusion. Moreover, Confucian humanism functioned as (a) socio-cultural nostalgia, (b) political counter-factuality, and (c) day-to-day “practical learning.”
South African War, Union, Segregation
Authors: Vahed Goolam 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the politics of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century South Africa. It considers the South African War and itsrole in shaping modern South Africa through the postwar program of reconstruction under the watch of Milner’s kindergarten, in the context of the British imperial project. Factors that led to the war are outlined, including the role of Randlords, followed by a discussion of the reconciliation between the British and the Boers at the expense of black South Africans, the standoff between Smuts and Gandhi, reconstruction, segregation, the marginalization of black South Africans, and the genesis of organized black resistance to white minority rule under which union was forged.
Contributions from the Sociology of Care in Latin America
Authors: Batthyány Karina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter aims to provide some insights into how care emerged as a subject of sociological study in Latin America through the lens of gender inequality. Since its emergence as an academic concern, care has become one of the most dynamic and controversial fields of study in contemporary sociology. In Latin American countries, the social organization of care became important in the context of a “care crisis,” which was caused by a combination of increased female participation in the labor market, a more diverse organization of households and families, men’s infrequent participation in care and domestic chores, increasing life expectancy, and new care needs. Shifts in women’s professional lives, in combination with an absence of public services and social benefits that might have replaced some of the unpaid work women had performed within families, have given rise to the crisis of care.
Pro Oriente
Authors: Legrand Hervé 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Pro Oriente foundation was established by Cardinal König of Vienna in 1964 to promote relations between the Catholic Church and the eastern churches, both Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox. Always acting unofficially, it has had great success, fostering personal contacts among leading figures and organizing conferences in which long-standing doctrinal issues could be addressed. This chapter considers how its activities and initiatives helped the official dialogue to get under way between the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church and assisted in the major Christological declarations that broke the ice between the Catholic Church and the Oriental Orthodox churches. More recently, Pro Oriente has also facilitated dialogue with the Assyrian Church of the East, within the ambit of discussion among all the churches of Syriac tradition. The remarkable contribution of Pro Oriente to ecumenical rapprochement via several major series of scholarly publications is also indicated.
Unity in Reconciled Diversity
Authors: Meyer Harding 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter considers the development of the idea of the ecumenical goal as one of unity in reconciled diversity. From the 1920s, the ecumenical movement was committed to a visible unity, generally understood as requiring organic union. Confession was seen as opposed to oikoumene. However, particularly as a result of the many bilateral dialogues between the confessions that began following the entry of the Roman Catholic Church into the ecumenical movement after the Second Vatican Council, a rethinking of the value of confessions occurred. The dialogues have often achieved a differentiated consensus which does not abolish all differences but removes their church-dividing character, and the idea of unity in reconciled diversity has correspondingly taken shape. Examining that idea and responding to various critiques of it, the chapter maintains that it can be seen as fully compatible with the formula of unity agreed by the World Council of Churches at New Delhi in 1961.
Endogenous Agency Problems and the Dynamics of Rents
Authors: Biais B , Landier A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile potentially more productive, more complex tasks generate larger agency rents. Agents therefore prefer to acquire complex skills, to earn large rents. In our overlapping generations model, their ability to do so is kept in check by competition with predecessors. Old agents, however, are imperfect substitutes for young ones, because the latter are easier to incentivize, thanks to longer horizons. This reduces competition between generations, enabling young managers to go for larger complexity than their predecessors. Consequently, equilibrium complexity and rents gradually increase beyond what is optimal for the principal and for society.
Performance-Induced CEO Turnover
Authors: Jenter Dirk , Lewellen Katharina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper revisits the relationship between firm performance and CEO turnover. Instead of classifying turnovers into forced and voluntary, we introduce performance-induced turnover, defined as turnover that would not have occurred had performance been “good.” We document a close turnover-performance link and estimate that 38%–55% of turnovers are performance induced. This is significantly more than the number of forced turnovers, though the two types of turnovers are highly correlated. Compared to the predictions of Bayesian learning models, learning about CEO ability appears to be slow, and boards act as if CEO ability (or match quality) was subject to frequent shocks.
Adaptation to the New Normal—Maternal Employment in the Framework of Psychosomatic and Stress Discourse in Finland from the 1950s to the Early 1970s
Authors: Myllykangas Mikko , Hyrkäs Eve-Riina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article examines how the psychosomatic approach, a holistic orientation towards health and illness, and the concept of ‘stress’ were employed in the Finnish socio-medical discussion on maternal employment during the post-war decades. The concepts of psychosomatics and stress voiced the contemporary anxieties about a changing way of life, and as the psychosocial environment was connected to morbidity, maternal employment could be seen as a medical problem. The changing value climate of the late 1960s elicited an emerging discrepancy between interpretations of medical theories and ‘modern values’, articulated in maternal employment and day care discussions. ‘Psychosomatics’ and ‘stress’ could be used as tools for victim-blaming, but also to call for changes in social conditions. The article contributes to the historical scholarship on social change by suggesting how the interaction between individual behaviour and the planning of social policies can be analysed.
The liquidation of Austrian private foundations
Authors: Stichmann Elisabeth , Hristov Dimitar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article deals with the dissolution and liquidation processes and their corporate and tax law effects on Austrian private foundations. Corporate and tax law aspects are briefly presented and discussed, and the consequences are outlined. The article serves to provide an overview and is intended as guidance for the course of a liquidation process in Austria. The authors also reflect on their personal experiences in practice and contribute these experiences to the article.
The problem of trustee discharge
Authors: Wallace Keith 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Outgoing trustees wish to draw a line under their duties—and, accordingly, seek a legally effective discharge. What exactly is a discharge? Are there different kinds and attributes? How is one obtained—by statute, court process, beneficiaries or third parties? What are the consequences of a lack of discharge? Not only for the ‘undischarged’ trustee, but elsewhere? Does lack of discharge for an existing trustee impair subsequent otherwise legitimate actions of continuing or successor trustees? Historically, how did any trustee obtain a discharge? What legislation existed before the 1850 law? How has the ‘two-trustee’ replacement principle applied over the last two hundred years? How do fixed-term, ex officio, invalidly ‘appointed’ or constructive trustees exit with an effectual discharge?
Phylogenetic analysis and osteological comparison of the cave-dwelling spined loach,Bibarba parvoculus(Cypriniformes: Cobitidae), and its surface congener
Authors: He You , Chen Yongxia , Yang Jian , Page Lawrence M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBibarba parvoculus, a depigmented and small-eyed, spined loach, is endemic to a karst cave in southern China. Both mitochondrial Cytb and nuclear RAG1 gene analyses indicate that B. parvoculus and its only surface congener, B. bibarba, form the basal-most lineage in the so-called Northern Clade of Cobitidae. Genetic divergence for Cytb is 10.3 % between B. parvoculus and B. bibarba. A duplication of the lamina circularis on the second and third pectoral rays occurs in male Bibarba species. The osteology of the two species is illustrated and compared using X-ray microtomography. Bibarba parvoculus has higher vertebral counts, a broader anterior part of the frontal bone at the orbital region and decreased sexual dimorphism when compared with B. bibarba. The coracoid, mesocoracoid and scapula are stouter in males of both species, but the three bones are autogenous in B. parvoculus, while fused with the cleithrum in B. bibarba. Specific differentiation of B. parvoculus is corroborated by both molecular and morphological evidence. The split between the two species is estimated to have occurred in the Early Miocene.
The Efficacy of Albumin Dialysis in the Reversal of Refractory Vasoplegic Shock Due to Amlodipine Toxicity
Authors: Connor-Schuler Randi L. , Carr Jennifer M. , Reaven Matthew S. , Bridgman Bob T. , Patel Deepa M. , Subramanian Ram M. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
Calcium channel blockers are highly protein-bound medications frequently used in the management of hypertension. Overdose results in severe hypotension and is the fourth most common cause of toxicity-related deaths in the United States. Management is mostly supportive, with currently no standard role for targeted drug removal. The protein-bound nature of these medications presents the option of utilizing albumin dialysis for their removal and for the reversal of associated shock.

Design and Subjects:
We present two cases of life-threatening intentional amlodipine overdoses successfully treated with albumin dialysis. Both patients experienced profound distributive shock in the setting of preserved cardiac contractility that was refractory to maximal vasoactive agent support.

Interventions and Results:
After initiation of albumin dialysis, the patients showed rapid hemodynamic improvement and were able to be weaned off vasopressor support.

Conclusions:
These cases demonstrate the safety and efficacy of albumin dialysis in the management of near-fatal calcium channel blocker overdoses related to amlodipine and offer an additional therapeutic option apart from conventional supportive care. Importantly, these cases were not associated with impaired cardiac contractility, thereby making venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation a less preferable option. Furthermore, this therapeutic benefit of albumin dialysis can potentially be extended to the management of toxicity related to other highly protein-bound drugs and toxins.
Improved Student Outcomes after Pathophysiology Course Revisions
Authors: Washington Georgita T. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT:
The value of a nursing course revision for the purpose of improved student learning and outcomes is discussed in this descriptive, quasi-experimental study. An instructor of a nursing pathophysiology course devised and implemented the study to determine if outcomes would differ between two groups of first semester baccalaureate nursing students taking the required pathophysiology course. The revisions, which were applied and then evaluated, demonstrated improvement in student learning.
Incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after bag-in-the-lens IOL implantation: extended follow-up in a larger cohort of patients
Authors: Van den Heurck Jonas J. I. , Boven Kim B. M. , Van Looveren Jan , Mathysen Danny G. P. , Chiairi Ibrahim , Tassignon Marie-José 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To report the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and associated risk factors after cataract surgery using the bag-in-the-lens (BIL) intraocular lens (IOL) implantation technique.

Setting:
Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Methods:
All consecutive BIL IOL surgeries performed between January 2001 and December 2010 were included, with the exclusion of combined procedures and IOL exchanges. The incidence of RRD was reported first in the total cohort, then in a subgroup of patients with 1 year to 5 years of follow-up, and finally in the group remaining after exclusion of all risk factors, except gender. Risk factors associated with RRD were examined using multiple Cox regression analysis with a random intercept.

Results:
Rhegmatogenous RD was diagnosed in 36 eyes (1.06%) of 3385 BIL cases, with a mean follow-up of 48.28 ± 40.05 months (range 0 to 195 months). The 2-year cumulative RRD incidence rate was 0.66% (17 cases in 1024 eyes; 0.00% in patients without risk factors). The 5-year cumulative RRD incidence rate was 1.17% (26 cases in 931 eyes; 0.15% without risk factors). Five risk factors were confirmed: male sex, age less than 60 years at the time of surgery, axial length 25.0 mm or greater, a history of contralateral RD, and intraoperative surgical complications.

Conclusions:
The incidence of RRD after BIL IOL implantation is comparable with that of lens-in-the-bag (LIB) implantation. This larger study provided a longer follow-up and suggested that RRD incidence is even lower than that previously reported. This study also confirmed intraoperative surgical complications as an additional risk factor for RRD development, as already described with LIB implantation.
Exposure of the abdominal aorta and visceral branches for hemorrhage control: A 2020 EAST Master Class Video Presentation
Authors: Warriner Zachary , Benjamin Elizabeth , Minneti Michael , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND
Rapid control of abdominal hemorrhage is a potentially life-saving surgical skill. Although open exposure and control of the abdominal aorta and its visceral branches is a fundamental part of surgical training, familiarity with the anatomy and spacial relationships of the surrounding structures can be challenging for even the experienced surgeon.

Content (Description of Video)
Using a fresh perfused cadaver, this video provides a step by step visual guide for aortic exposure from the diaphragmatic hiatus to the iliac bifurcation. Key maneuvers including control of the supraceliac aorta, left medial visceral rotation with identification of superior mesenteric and celiac arteries, and exposure of the perirenal aorta and proximal renal vessels are outlined. Damage control and definitive management strategies are discussed and potential tips and pitfalls in addressing intraabdominal hemorrhage are highlighted.

Conclusion
The critical application of aortic exposure for hemorrhage control is a life-saving intervention if done rapidly and effectively. This requires a sound understanding of aortic anatomy and necessary steps for adequate exposure and subsequent repair. This video outlines the necessary steps to perform these interventions.