user: 희수란 무엇인가요?

gpt: **희수**는 **기쁜 느낌**, 즉, 정신적으로 즐거운 느낌으로, 전통적인 표현으로는 심적열의 수라 하는데, 대략적으로 말하자면, 마음이 대상으로부터 **기쁨**을 느끼는 것이다."喜受" , 운허. 불교사전:
喜受
"喜受" , 星雲. 佛光大辭典 3판:
喜受
"喜" , 星雲. 佛光大辭典 3판:
喜
梵語 su-manas。即心中適悅之相。為五受之一，稱為喜受；又為二十二根之一，稱為喜根。依俱舍論卷三載，初靜慮、第二靜慮及欲界等，其心悅之行相粗動，具有喜貪，稱之為「喜」；第三靜慮之心悅，其行相安靜，已離喜貪，則稱為「樂」。成唯識論卷五則謂，初靜慮與第二靜慮之近分及欲界，其心悅稱為「喜」；而在初靜慮、第二靜慮之根本之心悅，既可稱為「喜」，亦可稱為「樂」。

다음의 분류 또는 체계에 속한다.Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard . A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. p.100.
Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard . A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. pp.100-101.
When feeling is analyzed by way of the
governing faculty , it becomes fivefold. These five types of feelings are called
faculties because they exercise lordship , or control, over their associated states
with respect to the affective mode of experiencing the object.
When the fivefold analysis of feeling is considered, the pleasant feeling of the
threefold scheme becomes divided into pleasure and joy, the former bodily and the latter
mental; and neither-pleasant-nor-painful feeling becomes identified with equanimity, or
neutral feeling.
In the Suttas, the Buddha sometimes also speaks of feeling as twofold, pleasure
. This is a loose or metaphorical method of analysis, arrived at
by merging the blameless neutral feeling in pleasure and the blameworthy neutral feeling
in pain. The Buddha further declares that whatever is felt is included in suffering  36:11/iv, 216]). In this statement,
the word dukkha does not bear the narrow meaning of “painful feeling,” but the broader
meaning of “the suffering inherent in all conditional things  by reason
of their impermanence .”
): Pleasure has the characteristic of experiencing a desirable
tangible object, the function of intensifying associated states, and manifestation as bodily
enjoyment. Its proximate cause is the body faculty.
): Pain has the characteristic of experiencing an undesirable
tangible object, the function of withering associated states, and manifestation as bodily
affliction. Its proximate cause is also the body faculty.
): Joy has the characteristic of experiencing a desirable object,
the function of partaking of the desirable aspect of the object, and manifestation as
mental enjoyment. Its proximate cause is tranquility.
): Displeasure has the characteristic of experiencing an
undesirable object, the function of partaking of the undesirable aspect of the object, and
manifestation as mental affliction. Its proximate cause is the heart-base.
): Equanimity has the characteristic of being felt as
neutral, the function of neither intensifying nor withering associated states, and manifestation
as peacefulness. Its proximate cause is consciousness without zest.71
), it seems, is the proximate cause only for joyful feeling that arises in meditative
development.
On the heart-base, see below, §20.

5수에서 희수는 정신적으로 즐거운 느낌으로, 예를 들어, 오디션에서 합격하여 느끼는 기쁜 느낌을 말한다. 다른 예로는 사랑하는 사람과 데이트하면서 느끼는 즐거움을 말한다. 또 다른 예로는 4선 중 초선과 제2선에서 느끼는 기쁨 또는 즐거움을 말한다. 이에 비해 낙수는 신체적으로 즐거운 느낌으로, 예를 들어, 몸이 건강할 때 느껴지는 몸이 느끼는 상쾌한 기분 좋은 즐거운 느낌을 뜻한다. 다른 예로는, 새로 산 품질 좋은 옷을 입고 있을 때 옷의 부드러운 감촉을 느끼면서 드는 기쁨을 말한다. 이 때 좋은 옷을 입고 있다는 의기양양함이 같이 있다면 희수도 함께 느끼고 있는 것이다.

즐거움과 기쁨이라는 단어가 서로 유사한 뜻이어서 호환될 수 있지만,
전통적으로, 신체적으로 즐거운 것 또는 기쁜 것을 '즐거움'이라 이름하고, 정신적으로 즐거운 것 또는 기쁜 것을 **기쁨**이라 이름한다.

user: 엄밀한 정의는?

gpt: 대략적으로 말하자면, 기쁜 느낌이란 마음이 대상으로부터 기쁨을 느끼는 것이라고 말할 수 있지만,
엄밀히 말하자면, 마음이 기쁜 느낌을 느끼는 것이 아니라 마음이라는 별개의 개체가 기쁜 느낌이라는 별개의 개체와 함께한 것, 즉, 두 개의 별개의 개체가 상응한 것이다. 불교 교의에 따르면, 무언가를 느끼는 것은, 느낌 그 자체가 느낄 뿐 따로 소유자가 있어 느끼는 것이 아니다.<!--
-->II. 느낌의 관찰

11. "비구들이여, 어떻게 비구가 느낌에서 느낌을 관찰하며 머무는가? 괴로운 느낌을 느끼면서 '괴로운 느낌을 느낀다.'고 꿰뚫어 안다. 괴롭지도 즐겁지도 않은 느낌을 느끼면서 '괴롭지도 즐겁지도 않은 느낌을 느낀다.'고 꿰뚫어 안다.

 "이처럼 세존께서는 물질의 명상주제를 설하신 뒤 이제 정신의 명상주제를 설하시면서 「제석문경」의 주석에서처럼 느낌으로 정신적인 명상주제를 설하신다. 왜냐하면 감각접촉이나 마음으로 그것을 설하게 되면  분명해지지 않는 것이 마치 암흑과도 같기 때문이다. 그러나 느낌들의 일어남은 아주 분명하기 때문에 느낌으로 설하면  분명해지기 때문이다. 거기서 '두 가지 명상주제가 있나니 물질적인 명상주제와 정신적인 명상주제이다.'라는 등의 설명은 「제석문경」에서 주석한 방법대로 알아야 한다."

 "여기서 즐거운 느낌을이라는 것은 육체적이거나 정신적인 즐거운 느낌을 느끼면서 '즐거운 느낌을 느낀다.'고 꿰뚫어 안다는 뜻이다."

 "여기서 '누가 느끼는가?' 一 어떤 중생이나 사람이 느끼는 것이 아니다. '느낌은 누구에게 속하는가?' 一 느낌은 어떤 중생이나 사람에게 속하는 것이 아니다.
Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard . A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. p.37~38.
 When an
external sense object impinges on one of the five physical sense organs, before the
appropriate sense consciousness can arise — for example, eye-consciousness seeing a
form —, another consciousness must have arisen first. This consciousness is the fivesense-
door adverting consciousness , which has the function of
adverting ( to whatever object is presenting itself at one of the five sense doors
. This consciousness does not see, hear, smell, taste, or touch the object. It
simply turns to the object, thereby enabling the sense consciousness to arise in immediate
succession.
 This is the turning of the mind towards an object. Āvajjana forms the first stage in the process of
consciousness. When an object of the five physical senses is involved, it is called “five-sense-door
adverting consciousness” ; in the case of a mental object, “mind-door adverting
consciousness” , pp. 30—31.
 A single unit of sense perception , being conditioned through a sense
organ and its corresponding object, forms in reality an extremely complex process, in which all the single
phases of consciousness follow one another in rapid succession, performing their respective functions, for
example:
“As soon as a visible object has entered the range of vision, it acts on the sensitive eye-organ
 takes
place.
“As soon, however, as subconsciousness is broken off, the functional mind element, grasping the
object and breaking through the subconscious stream, performs the function of ‘adverting’  the
mind towards the object.
“Immediately thereupon, there arises at the eye-door, and based upon the sensitive eye-organ, the
eye-consciousness, while performing the function of ‘seeing’ …
“Immediately thereafter, there arises the mind-element, performing the function of ‘receiving’
 the object of that consciousness…
“Immediately thereafter, there arises…the mind-consciousness element, while ‘investigating’
 the object received by the mind-element…
“Immediately thereafter, there arises the functional, rootless mind-consciousness-element,
accompanied by indifference, while performing the function of ‘determining’  the object…
“Now, if the object is large, then immediately afterwards there flash forth six or seven ‘impulsive
moments’  or twelve unwholesome
 classes of consciousness.
“Now, if, at the end of the impulsive moments, the object at the five-sense doors is very large and
at the mind-door clear, then there arises, once or twice, one of the eight root-accompanied -resultant
classes of consciousness of the sense-sphere, or one of the three rootless -resultant mindconsciousness-
elements… Because this consciousness, after the vanishing of the impulsive moments,
possesses the faculty continuing with the object of the subconsciousness, taking the object of the
subconsciousness as its own object, thereby, it is called ‘registering’ .” 
), or
of “determining” ; if very weak, only an excitation of the subconsciousness takes place.

The process of the inner, or mind, consciousness, that is, without participation of the five physical
senses, is as follows: in the case that the mind-object entering the mind-door is distinct, then it passes
through the stages of “adverting at the mind-door” , “the impulsive stage,” and “the
registering stage,” before finally sinking into the subconscious stream. Cf, Nyanatiloka,  , pp. 227—228.
Mehm Tin Mon . The Essence of Buddha Abhidhamma. Third edition. Mehm Tay Zar Mon, Mya Mon Yadanar Literature. pp.37~38.

 are given the following symbols and
names.

1 Upekkhā-sahagataṁ cakkhuviññāṇaṁ
eye-consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling.
2 Upekkhā-sahagataṁ sotaviññāṇaṁ
ear-consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling.
3 Upekkhā-sahagataṁ ghānaviññāṇaṁ
nose-consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling.
4 Upekkhā-sahagataṁ jivhāviññāṇaṁ
tongue-consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling.
5 Dukkha-sahagataṁ kāyaviññāṇaṁ
body-consciousness accompanied by painful feeling.
6 Upekkhā-sahagataṁ sampaṭicchana-cittaṁ
receiving consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling.
7 Upekkhā-sahagataṁ santīraṇa-cittaṁ
investigating-consciousness accompanied by indifference.

Of the seven cittas mentioned above, the first five are known as
 that are conscious of the five senses.
The last two, i.e., , represent
two connecting stages in the process of cognition (awareness of
an object).
For example, when a visible object appears in the eye, a series of
consciousness has to arise and perish in order to see the object. First
  directs the consciousness
stream towards the object. Then  
sees the object and transmits it to the next consciousness.
  receives the sense
object. Then   investigates the
sense object. Then  
determines the sense object whether it is good or bad. We are
aware of the sense object roughly at this stage.
Similarly, when an audible voice strikes the eardrum, a series of
consciousness, i.e., ,
, etc., has to arise and perish before we
can hear the voice.
 are essential for cognition
of the senses at the five sense-doors .

달리 말해, 인간은 색온수온상온행온식온의 5온으로 이루어져 있는데, 정신적으로 즐거운 느낌 즉 기쁜 느낌이란 수온과 식온이 정신적 인식대상 즉 상온 또는 행온의 법과 화합할 때를, 즉, 3가지 조건 또는 인연이 만났을 때를 세간적인 표현 즉 엄밀한 표현이 아닌 일반적인 통용 표현으로 '무엇을 느낀다'고 말하는 것일 뿐이다.

정리하자먼, 기쁜 느낌이란 과거 선한 업의 과보로서 마음에 드는 정신적 대상을 만나 저절로 일어나는 느낌이다. 그리고 기쁜 느낌은 기쁜 경험 속에서만 존재하는데, 기쁜 경험이란 ① 마음에 드는 대상과 ② 그 대상을 만나 저절로 일어난 기쁜 느낌과 ③ 그 기쁜 느낌에 대한 앎이 화합하고 있는 현상이다.