user: 지원 세력이 뭐야?

gpt: **지원 세력**
**지원국** 15px 프랑스 왕국
**장미 전쟁**은 붉은 장미를 표시로 삼은 랭커스터 왕가와 흰 장미를 표시로 삼은 요크 왕가 사이의 왕위 쟁탈전이었다. 1455년부터 1485년까지 벌어졌다.

요크 공작 리처드는 헨리 6세의 발병을 틈타 1453년 호민관 겸 방위관이 되어 랭커스터가의 중심세력인 서머셋 공작과 싸워, 장미전쟁을 일으켜 그를 멸하였다. 1460년에 리처드는 왕위를 요구하여 헨리 6세의 사후 왕위 계승이 승인되었으나, 랭커스터파의 반대로 리처드는 전사하였다. 리처드의 아들 에드워드는 1461년 랭커스터가를 격파하고 왕위를 획득하여 에드워드 4세가 되었다. 이윽고 요크가 내부에 불화가 일어나, 1483년 에드워드 4세의 사후, 에드워드 5세와 그 동생이 에드워드 4세의 적자가 아니라는 명분으로 에드워드 4세의 동생 글로스터 공 리처드가 리처드 3세로서 즉위하였다.

이에 어머니 계통으로 왕실에 연결된 랭커스터가의 유일한 왕위 요구자인 헨리 튜더가 1485년 망명지인 프랑스에서 귀국하여 1485년 보스워스 전투에서 리처드 3세를 격파하고 헨리 7세로 즉위하였다. 이로써 장미 전쟁은 끝나고 튜더 왕조가 열리게 되었다.

이 전투의 과정에서 많은 제후와 기사가 몰락하고 튜더 왕조 헨리 7세에 의해 잉글랜드의 절대주의가 시작되었다. 장미전쟁의 구귀족 중에서도 왕권에 대하여 반항적인 부분이 거의 모두 괴멸해버리고 말았다. 이것은 헨리 7세의 국가 재건사업을 용이하게 만들었다.

user: 참고 문헌은?

gpt: Allmand, Christopher . Henry V. Yale University Press.

Allmand, C. T. . "The Coronations of Henry VI". History Today. Vol. 32, no. 5.

"Battle for Mortimer's Cross: History". Archived from the original on 11 July 2009.

Bennett, Michael . "Edward III's Entail and the Succession to the Crown, 1376–1471". The English Historical Review. 113 

Blackstone, William. "Chapter 12". Commentaries on the Laws of England. Vol. Book 1.

Boardman, Andrew . The First Battle of St Albans

Carpenter, Christine . "The Beauchamp Affinity: A Study of Bastard Feudalism at Work". English Historical Review.

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. . "Clarence, Dukes of s.v. George, duke of Clarence". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 . Cambridge University Press.

Chrimes, Stanley  . Henry VII. Yale English Monarchs. New Haven, Connecticut; and London: Yale University Press.

Clark, K. L. . The Nevills of Middleham: England's Most Powerful Family in the Wars of the Roses. Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press.

"Clarence, Dukes of s.v. George, duke of Clarence". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 . Cambridge University Press.

Cokayne, G. E. . Gibbs, Vicary & Doubleday, H. Arthur . The Complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct or dormant . Vol. 3 . London: The St Catherine Press

"Duchy of Lancaster". Lancaster Castle. Retrieved 25 December 2019

"Edmund of Langley First Duke of York". Encyclopædia Britannica.

"Edward III ". Royal Family. 12 January 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2021.

English Heritage . "English Heritage Battlefield Report: Shrewsbury 1403" 

Fritze, Ronald H.; Robison, William Baxter . Historical Dictionary of Late Medieval England, 1272–1485. Greenwood Publishing Group.

Giles, John Allen, ed. . "The Arrivall of Edward IV in England". Chronicles of the White Rose of York . James Bohn.

Goodman, Anthony . The Wars of the Roses: Military Activity and English society, 1452–97. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Godwin.. Fatal Colours. London: Phoenix.

Griffiths, Ralph Alan . "Local Rivalries and National Politics: The Percies, the Nevilles, and the Duke of Exeter, 1452–55". Speculum.

Griffiths, Ralph A. . The Reign of King Henry VI. University of California Press.

Griffiths & Thomas. . The Making of the Tudor Dynasty. New York: St. Martin's Press.

Guilhamon, Henri . La Maison de Durfort au Moyen Age.

Harvey, I. M. W. . Jack Cade's Rebellion of 1450. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Hartley, Cathy . A Historical Dictionary of British Women. London: Europa Publications

Hicks, Michael A. . False, Fleeting, Perjur'd Clarence.

Hicks . Warwick the Kingmaker. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.

Hicks.. Revolution and Consumption in Late Medieval England. Boydell & Brewer.

Hicks . The Wars of the Roses: 1455–1485. Osprey.

Hicks. Anne Neville: Queen to Richard III. Stroud: The History Press.

Hookham, Mary Ann . The Life and Times of Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England and France; and of her Father René "the Good," King of Sicily, Naples, and Jerusalem With Memoirs of the Houses of Anjou. Vol. 2. London

Jacob, Ernest Fraser . The Fifteenth Century 1399–1485. Oxford History of England. Vol. 6.

Jones, Dan . "Richard Alone". The Plantagenets: The Kings Who Made England.

Jones, Dan . The Hollow Crown: The Wars of the Roses and the Rise of the Tudors. Faber & Faber.

Kingsford, C. , "Henry V ", in Chisholm, Hugh , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 13 , Cambridge University Press

Kendall, Paul Murray . Richard The Third. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

Lambert, David; Gray, Randal . Kings and Queens. Collins Gem.

McCormack, Anthony M. . The Earldom of Desmond 1463–1583: The Decline and Crisis of a Feudal Lordship. Four Courts Press.

Mortimer, Ian . "Richard II and the Succession to the Crown". History. 91 

Mortimer. The Fears of Henry IV: The Life of England's Self-Made King. Jonathan Cape. appendix 2.

Peberdy, Philip . Bargate Guildhall Museum Southampton. Southampton Museums

Penn, Thomas . The Brothers York. Allen Lane.

Pollard.. Warwick the Kingmaker: Politics, Power and Fame. London

Potter, Philip J. . Monarchs of the Renaissance: The Lives and Reigns of 42 European Kings and Queens. McFarland.

Ross.  . Edward IV. English Monarchs series . Connecticut, United States: Yale University Press.

Rowse, A. L. . Bosworth Field & the Wars of the Roses. Wordsworth Military Library.

Royle, Trevor . The Road to Bosworth Field. London: Little, Brown.

Sadler . The Red Rose and the White: the Wars of the Roses 1453–1487. Longman.

Saul, Nigel . The Three Richards: Richard I, Richard II and Richard III. London: Hambledon Continuum.

Scofield, Cora L. . The Life and Reign of Edward the Fourth. Vol. I. London: Longmans, Green and Co.

Sellar, W. C.; Yeatman, R. J. . 1066 And All That. Methuen

Spencer, Andrew M. . Nobility and Kingship in Medieval England: The Earls and Edward I, 1272–1307. Cambridge University Press.

Seward, Desmond . A Brief History of the Wars of the Roses. London: Constable & Co.

Stubbs, William . The Constitutional History of England, in its origin and development. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Tuck, Anthony . Crown and Nobility 1272-1461: Political Conflict in Late Medieval England. London: Fontana.

Wagner, John A. . Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses. ABC-CLIO.

Walker, Simon . Political Culture in Late Medieval England: Essays by Simon Walker. Manchester University Press.

Weir, Alison . The Wars of the Roses. New York: Random House

Wolffe, Bertram . Henry VI . Methuen.

Vickers, K. . Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester: A Biography. London:

"1413", TimeRef , archived from the original on 5 May 2009