user: 국제철학올림피아드의 문제에 대해 설명해 주세요.

gpt: ## 대한민국 예선 문제

### 2020년

“Death and life, survival and perishing, success and failure, poverty and wealth, superiority and inferiority, disgrace and honor, hunger and thirst, cold and heat– these are the transformations of events, the proceedings of fate. …. So there is no need to let them disrupt our harmony.”


“There is a world of created beings -living things, animals, entelechies, and souls- in the least part of matter. ... Thus there is nothing waste, nothing
sterile, nothing dead in the universe; no chaos, no confusions, save in appearance.  The soul follows its own laws, and the body its own
likewise, and they accord by virtue of the harmony pre-established among all substances, since they are all representations of one and the same universe.”


“Now morally practical reason pronounces in us its irresistible veto: There is to be no war, neither war between you and me in the state of nature nor
war between us as states, which, although they are internally in a lawful condition, are still externally  in a lawless condition; for war is not the way in which everyone should seek his rights.”


“By the law of the excluded middle, either ‘A is B’ or ‘A is not B’ must be true. Hence either ‘the present King of France is bald’ or ‘the King of France
is not bald’ must be true. Yet if we enumerated the things that are bald, and then the things that are not bald, we should not find the present King of
France in either list. Hegelians, who love a synthesis, will probably conclude that he wears a wig.”
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## 국제대회 문제

### 2020년
“If the social reality is organized around the cute/dork dichotomy, then there are cute girls and dorky girls, and it would be a mistake not to recognize this. This is important social knowledge. But at the same time it is tempting to say that the cute/dork dichotomy is an illusion. It is socially and morally problematic and because it is reified through a pattern of belief and expectation, it could be undermined by a refusing to have beliefs in its terms. More generally, in cases such as this we seem to be able to generate a contradiction: it is true that p so you should believe p; but believing p makes it true, and it would be better if p weren’t true; so you shouldn’t believe p.”

Sally Haslanger, ‘“But mom, crop-tops are cute!” Social knowledge, social structure and ideology critique’. In: Philosophical Issues 17, 2007, p. 73.

Topic 2

“Know that philosophy is able to perfect the human soul by bringing it to know the reality of exis-tents according to their proper essences, as well as accurately assessing their existence by way of proofs grasped by the mind; or else accepted by tradition, as befits the majority of human beings.”

Mulla Sadrā, The Transcendent Philosophy of the Four Journeys of the Intellect, Introduction to the First Journey, 17th century. From: David Burrell, ‘Mulla Sadra’s Ontology Revisited’. In: Journal of Islamic Philosophy 6, 2010, p. 54.

Topic 3

“It will be necessary to…awaken the experience of the world such as it appears to us insofar as we are in the world through our bodies, and insofar as we perceive the world with our bodies. But by re-establishing contact with the body and with the world in this way, we will also rediscover our-selves.”

Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology of Perception, 1945/2014, p. 213. Translated by Donald A. Landes.

Topic 4

“We have to entertain the possibility that there is no reason for something existing; or that the split between subject and object is only our name for something equally accidental we call knowledge; or, an even more difficult thought, that while there may be some order to the self and the cosmos, to the microcosm and macrocosm, it is an order that is absolutely indifferent to our existence.”

Eugene Thacker, In the Dust of This Planet: Horror of Philosophy vol. 1, 2011, p. 18.}}

### 1993년
G. Bachelard

Children are antiquities.

G. Bachelard

Everything we see could be otherwise.

Wittgenstein

Without “now” there wouldn’t be time and without time there wouldn’t be “now”.

Aristotle}}