num_pages: 592
description: PULITZER PRIZE WINNER  NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY SAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLEFrom National Book Award finalist David I. Kertzer comes the gripping story of Pope Pius XIs secret relations with Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. This groundbreaking work based on seven years of research in the Vatican and Fascist archives including reports from Mussolinis spies inside the highest levels of the Church will forever change our understanding of the Vaticans role in the rise of Fascism in Europe. The Pope and Mussolini tells the story of two men who came to power in 1922 and together changed the course of twentieth-century history. In most respects they could not have been more different. One was scholarly and devout the other thuggish and profane. Yet Pius XI and Il Duce had many things in common. They shared a distrust of democracy and a visceral hatred of Communism. Both were prone to sudden fits of temper and were fiercely protective of the prerogatives of their office. (We have many interests to protect the Pope declared soon after Mussolini seized control of the government in 1922.) Each relied on the other to consolidate his power and achieve his political goals. In a challenge to the conventional history of this period in which a heroic Church does battle with the Fascist regime Kertzer shows how Pius XI played a crucial role in making Mussolinis dictatorship possible and keeping him in power. In exchange for Vatican support Mussolini restored many of the privileges the Church had lost and gave in to the popes demands that the police enforce Catholic morality. Yet in the last years of his lifeas the Italian dictator grew ever closer to Hitlerthe pontiffs faith in this treacherous bargain started to waver. With his health failing he began to lash out at the Duce and threatened to denounce Mussolinis anti-Semitic racial laws before it was too late. Horrified by the threat to the Church-Fascist alliance the Vaticans inner circle including the future Pope Pius XII struggled to restrain the headstrong pope from destroying a partnership that had served both the Church and the dictator for many years. The Pope and Mussolini brims with memorable portraits of the men who helped enable the reign of Fascism in Italy: Father Pietro Tacchi Venturi Piuss personal emissary to the dictator a wily anti-Semite known as Mussolinis Rasputin; Victor Emmanuel III the king of Italy an object of widespread derision who lacked the statureliterally and figurativelyto stand up to the domineering Duce; and Cardinal Secretary of State Eugenio Pacelli whose political skills and ambition made him Mussolinis most powerful ally inside the Vatican and positioned him to succeed the pontiff as the controversial Pius XII whose actions during World War II would be subject for debate for decades to come. With the recent opening of the Vatican archives covering Pius XIs papacy the full story of the Popes complex relationship with his Fascist partner can finally be told. Vivid dramatic with surprises at every turn The Pope and Mussolini is history writ large and with the lightning hand of truth.
language: English
title: The Pope and Mussolini: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe
publisher: Random House