num_pages: 64
description: The greatest period of Inca expansion occurred during the reigns of Pachacuti (143871) Tupa Inca (147193) and Huayna Capac (14931527). From the mountain stronghold of Cuzco they subjugated the surrounding kingdoms and territories absorbing their civilizations and their peoples. By 1525 they dominated much of the west of the continent relying on fortified strongholds an extensive system of roads an bridges and obligatory military service to control local populations. This title takes a detailed look at the development of Incan fortification techniques and examines how they came to be overrun by the Spanish conquistadors.
language: English
title: Fortifications of the Incas: 1200–1531
publisher: Osprey Publishing