num_pages: 192
description: Janet MacGaffey examines the case of Zaire where, according to the published statistics, wages are at starvation level, production is declining and the infrastructure is falling apart. The center is increasingly held by "system D," the second economy, whose activities, often illegal, take place outside the official economy.
language: English
title: The Real Economy of Zaire: The Contribution of Smuggling and Other Unofficial Activities to National Wealth
titlecomplete: The Real Economy of Zaire: The Contribution of Smuggling and Other Unofficial Activities to National Wealth
ratings_count: 2
publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press