num_pages: 239
description: China's interest in the outside world is relatively recent. Until the arrival of Europeans in the nineteenth century, China was an autonomous, self-satisfied and largely self-contained civilization. Geographically protected by barren steppes and desert in the north, high mountains and arid plateaus in the west, the endless sea in the east and inaccessible jungles in the south, it was able to establish a highly developed pre-industrial civilization.
language: English
title: As China Sees the World: Perception of Chinese Scholars
titlecomplete: As China Sees the World: Perception of Chinese Scholars
publisher: Palgrave Macmillan