num_pages: 344
description: John Andr was head of the British Armys Secret Service in North America as the Revolutionary War entered its most bitter and ultimately decisive phase. In 1780 he masterminded the defection of a high-ranking American officerGeneral Benedict Arnold. Arnoldhis name for ever synonymous with treason in American folklorehad recently been appointed commander of West Point and agreed through Andr to turn over to the British this strategically vital fort on the upper reaches of the Hudson River. Control of the fort would interrupt lines of communication between New England and the southern colonies seriously impeding military operations against the British. The plan was also to simultaneously kidnap General George Washington Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. By these two masterstrokes the British believed they could end rebel resistance.The secret negotiations between Arnold and Andr were protracted and fraught with danger. Arnolds new wife Peggy became the go-between in the negotiations. Arnold insisted that to complete negotiations he and Andr must meet face to face. At the dead of night on September 21st 1780 the two rendezvoused in no-mans-land. Sir Henry Clinton commander of British forces in North America and Andrs immediate superior agreed to this meeting but with three strict conditions: that Andr not go within the American lines; that he remain in uniform; and that he carry away from the meeting no incriminating papers. Thus if caught Andr could not be treated as a spy.Yet when Andr was captured forty-eight hours later he was within American lines had changed into civilian clothes and was carrying maps of West Point hidden in his boots. The Americans had no option other than to treat him as a spy especially when he himself admitted this. He was convicted by military tribunal and hangedhis death lamented both in America and England.While biographers agree on the facts of this tragic episode they disagree on Andrs motives and why he chose to sacrifice himself. This new biography of Andr puts forward a new answer to this mysterynot only why he acted as he did but how he wished others to see his actions.
language: English
title: The Life of John André: The Redcoat Who Turned Benedict Arnold
publisher: Casemate