काष्ठकार्य सम्बन्धी संधियाँ

काष्ठकारी में, अधिक जटिल पुर्जे बनाने के लिये लकड़ी के कई टुकड़ों को जोड़ना पड़ता है। इनको ही 'संधि' कहते हैं। कुछ सन्धियों पर चिपकाने वाले पदार्थ, फास्नर (fasteners) आदि भी लगाने पड़ते हैं जबकि अन्य सन्धियों पर बिना इनके ही केवल लकड़ी ही सीधे लकड़ी जुड़ती है। संधियाँ विभिन्न प्रकार की होतीं हैं। इनके मुख्य गुण हैं- शक्ति, लचीलापन, देखने में संधि की सुन्दरता आदि। आवश्यकता के अनुसार उचित सन्धि का चयन किया जाता है।

 काष्ठ में लगने वाली सन्धियों की सूची 
 परम्परागत काष्ठ संधियाँ
संधि (जोड़) का नामसंधि का चित्रवर्णनटक्कर जोड़ (Butt joint) thumb|115x115pxThe end of a piece of wood is butted against another piece of wood. This is the simplest and weakest joint. Of those, there is the a) T-butt, b) end-to-end butt, c) T-lap d) Miter butt and e) edge-to-edge butt.Overlap joint see lap joint thumb|115x115pxThe end of a piece of wood is laid beside and connected to another piece of wood. This is the next simplest and weakest joint. Bridle joint thumb|115x115pxAlso known as open tenon, open mortise and tenon, or tongue and fork joints, this joint is where the through mortise is open on one side and forms a fork shape. The mate has a through tenon or necked joint. Bridle joints are commonly used to join rafter tops, also used in scarf joints and sometimes sill corner joints in timber framing.Dowel jointthumb|115x115pxThe end of a piece of wood is butted against another piece of wood. This is reinforced with dowel pins. This joint is quick to make with production line machinery and so is a very common joint in factory-made furniture.Mitre jointthumb|120x120pxSimilar to a butt joint, but both pieces have been bevelled (usually at a 45 degree angle).Finger jointthumb|115x115pxAlso known as a box joint, is a corner joint with interlocking fingers. Receives pressure from two directions. Dovetail jointthumb|115x115pxA form of box joint where the fingers are locked together by diagonal cuts. More secure than a finger joint.Dado jointthumb|115x115pxAlso called a housing joint or trench joint, a slot is cut across the grain in one piece for another piece to set into; shelves on a bookshelf having slots cut into the sides of the shelf, for example.Groove jointthumb|115x115pxLike the dado joint, except that the slot is cut with the grain.Tongue and groovethumb|115x115pxEach piece has a groove cut all along one edge, and a thin, deep ridge (the tongue) on the opposite edge. If the tongue is unattached, it is considered a spline joint.Mortise and tenonthumb|115x115pxA stub (the tenon) will fit tightly into a hole cut for it (the mortise). This is a hallmark of Mission Style furniture, and also the traditional method of jointing frame and panel members in doors, windows, and cabinets. This joint is a good strong joint to use.Birdsmouth jointthumb|115x115pxAlso called a bird's beak cut, this joint used in roof construction. A V-shaped cut in the rafter connects the rafter to the wall-plate.Cross Lapthumb|115x115pxA joint in which the two members are joined by removing material from each at the point of intersection so that they overlap.Splice jointthumb|115x115pxA joint used to attach two members end to end.

 अपरम्परागत काष्ठ संधियाँ
JointImageDescriptionWooden (or integral) connectorsPocket hole joinerythumb|115x115pxA hidden screw is driven into the joint at an angle.biscuitA wooden disc is driven into the joint at an angle.Metal connectorsJoints using metal connectors that attach to the frame with nails or screws.मोर्टाइस और टेनन संधिSee Mortise and tenonstitch and gluethumb|135x135px

 संधियों की गुणवत्ता बढ़ाने के परम्परागत तरीके
thumb|A doweled joint
 Dowel: A small rod is used internal to a joint both to help align and to strengthen the joint. Traditional joints are used with natural timbers as they do not need any other materials other than the timber itself. for example: Butt joints. Dowel joints are also useful for pegging together weaker, cheaper composite materials such as laminate-faced chipboard, and where limited woodworking tools are available (since only simple drilled holes are needed to take the dowels).
thumb|115x115px

 संधियों की गुणवत्ता बढ़ाने के अपरम्परागत तरीके 
 Biscuit joints: A small 'biscuit' is used to help align an edge or butt joint when gluing.
 Domino joiner: A trademarked tool similar to a biscuit joiner, where a piece larger than a biscuit has some of the advantages of dowels, and some of the advantages of biscuits.

इन्हें भी देखें
 काष्ठकारी
 Cabinet making
 Timber framing
 Shaker tilting chair
 भवन निर्माण
 Chinese Wooden Architecture

Footnotes

सन्दर्भ

 Lee A. Jesberger (2007). Woodworking Terms and Joints. Pro Woodworking Tips.com
 Bernard Jones (Ed.) (1980). The Complete Woodworker. ISBN 0-89815-022-1
 Peter Korn (1993). Working with Wood. ISBN 1-56158-041-4
 Sam Allen (1990). Wood Joiner's Handbook. Sterling Publishing. ISBN 0-8069-6999-7
 Wolfram Graubner (1992). Encyclopedia of Wood Joints. Taunton Press. ISBN 1-56158-004-X
 US Forestry Service (1985) Water Repellency and Dimensional Stability of Wood https://web.archive.org/web/20170510010648/https://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fplgtr50.pdf

बाहरी कड़ियाँ

 Pro Woodworking Tips - Woodworking
 British Woodworking Federation - not for profit woodworking body advice on joinery in the UK
Terms and Joints
Dimensioning woodworking and carpentry joints Craftsmanspace
 List of French timber framing joints, in French language

श्रेणी:काष्ठकारी