To date, no effective method exists that predicts the response to preoperative chemoradiation (CRT) in locally advanced @entity5 (LARC). Nevertheless, identification of @entity1 who have a higher likelihood of responding to preoperative CRT could be crucial in decreasing treatment morbidity and avoiding expensive and time-consuming treatments. The aim of this study was to identify signatures or molecular markers related to response to pre-operative CRT in LARC. We analyzed the gene expression profiles of 26 pre-treatment biopsies of LARC (10 responders and 16 non-responders) without @entity3 using @entity1 WG CodeLink microarray platform. Two hundred and fifty seven genes were differentially over-expressed in the responder @entity1 subgroup. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed a significant ratio of differentially expressed genes related to @entity5 , cellular growth and proliferation pathways, and @entity517 network. We demonstrated that high @entity68367 , @entity517 , @entity10947 , and @entity4736 mRNA expression levels was a significant prognostic factor for response to treatment in LARC @entity1 (p<0.05). Using this gene set, we were able to establish a new model for predicting the response to CRT in @entity5 with a sensitivity of 60% and 100% specificity. Our results reflect the value of gene expression profiling to gain insight about the molecular pathways involved in the response to treatment of LARC @entity1 . These findings could be clinically relevant and support the use of mRNA levels when aiming to identify @entity1 who respond to CRT therapy.

Expression profiling of XXXX defines response to neoadjuvant treatment related genes.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Human'] @entity4736 :: ('6240', 'Gene') :: ['Rrm1'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer'] @entity517 :: ('4609', 'Gene') :: ['c-Myc'] @entity10947 :: ('5422', 'Gene') :: ['Pola1'] @entity68367 :: ('2786', 'Gene') :: ['Gng4'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']
@entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal tumors']
