Ovariectomy leads to @entity1017 primarily in the form of adipose tissue in rodents. The authors investigated whether swimming improves ovariectomy-induced @entity28 through activation of @entity3229 ( @entity3229 ) in the skeletal muscle of female ovariectomized (OVX) @entity19 , an animal model of postmenopausal @entity1 . Female @entity19 were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8/group): a sedentary sham-operated group, a sedentary OVX group, and a swim-trained OVX group. After @entity19 were subjected to swim training or kept sedentary for 6 wk, the authors studied the effects of swimming on not only bodyweight gain, @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) mass, adipocyte size, and skeletal-muscle lipid accumulation but also the expression of skeletal-muscle @entity3229 target genes. Sedentary OVX @entity19 had significantly higher body weight and @entity1386 than sedentary sham @entity19 . However, swim training reduced body- @entity1017 , @entity1386 mass, and adipocyte size of OVX @entity19 . Swim-trained OVX @entity19 had significantly lower levels of serum @entity1674 and total @entity165 than sedentary OVX @entity19 . Lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle was also markedly decreased by swimming. Concomitantly, swim training significantly increased mRNA levels of skeletal-muscle @entity3229 and its target enzymes, as well as @entity4308 ( @entity4308 ) responsible for @entity844 oxidation. These results suggest that swimming can effectively prevent @entity1017 , adiposity, adipocyte @entity1184 , and @entity4977 caused by ovariectomy, in part through the activation of @entity3229 and @entity4308 , in the skeletal muscle of female @entity19 and may contribute to the alleviation of @entity209 , including @entity28 , @entity407 , and @entity164 2 @entity6 in postmenopausal @entity1 .

Swimming's prevention of ovariectomy-induced @entity28 through activation of skeletal-muscle XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women'] @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia'] @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty-acid'] @entity3229 :: ('19013(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a', 'PPARa'] @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy'] @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides'] @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain'] @entity4308 :: ('22229(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['UCP3', 'uncoupling protein 3'] @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['lipid disorders'] @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['Type'] @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome'] @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['white adipose tissue', 'WAT'] @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']
@entity3229 :: (19013(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PPARa']
