BACKGROUND: The majority of @entity1 with @entity201 present with advanced disease that is often challenging to diagnose and to treat. The optimal preoperative evaluation requires a coordinated multidisciplinary approach. Surgical resection is the mainstay of therapy. METHODS: This systematic review delineates surgical treatment strategies for @entity201 in general as well as special considerations concerning the particular @entity5 localization. A literature search (see keywords) was conducted using PubMed and publications between 1990 and 2016 regarding resectable and advanced @entity201 were reviewed. Selected studies were utilized based on their significance and innovation. RESULTS: The type and extent of resection performed depends on the location of the @entity409 or biliary tree and the extent of @entity5 invasion. The common surgical strategy contains: (i) for @entity5 : tailored partial hepatectomy combined with extended hilar, suprapancreatic, celiac axis lymphadenectomy, (ii) for hilar @entity5 : complete resection of the extrahepatic biliary tree combined with extended hepatectomy inclusive of segment I, resection of portal vein bifurcation, and systematic N1/N2 lymphadenectomy, and (iii) for @entity5 : en bloc pancreatoduodenectomy combined with complete resection of the extrahepatic bile duct below the hepatic confluence and systematic N1/N2 lymphadenectomy. Pathologic confirmation is not required prior to resection. Preoperative biliary drainage and remnant liver volume augmentation are necessary in selected @entity1 with @entity1419 considered for extensive liver resection. CONCLUSION: Cure for @entity201 requires complete surgical resection with histologically negative margins. R0 resection provides a satisfactory long-term outcome in @entity1 with lymph node-negative stage. Neoadjuvant treatment followed by liver transplantation provides long-term survival in highly selected cases with localized, unresectable, lymph node-negative @entity201 .

Surgical Therapy of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intrahepatic tumors', 'distal tumors', 'local tumor', 'tumors'] @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma within the liver'] @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma', 'cholangiocarcinoma'] @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic or hilar cholangiocarcinoma']
@entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['Cholangiocarcinoma']
