BACKGROUND: Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) may promote hepatic tumorgenesis through low-grade @entity32 . Therefore, we assessed the association of long-term exposure levels of PM2.5 and subsequent risk of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and investigated the mediation effect of @entity32 as represented by @entity3929 aminotransferase (ALT) on this association. METHODS: Between 1991 and 1992, we recruited 23 820 @entity1 in Taiwan with no history of @entity157 . Case @entity1 of @entity157 were ascertained through computerized data linkage with the National @entity5 Registry and death certification systems. @entity1 ' exposures to PM2.5 were based on a four-year average retrieved from stationary monitoring sites. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between PM2.5 exposure and @entity157 incidence. Mediation effects of ALT on PM2.5-associated @entity157 incidence were estimated. RESULTS: A total of 464 @entity157 cases were newly diagnosed with a median follow-up of 16.9 years. Statistically significantly increasing trends between PM2.5 exposures and ALT were observed on the Main Island and Penghu Islets. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for @entity157 on the Penghu Islets was 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02 to 1.47) per PM2.5 interquartile range (IQR) increment (0.73   g/m(3)) exposure. We also found a positive association between PM2.5 exposure (per IQR increment, 13.1   g/m(3) ) and @entity157 incidence on the Main Island. Furthermore, ALT had a statistically significant mediation effect on PM2.5-associated @entity157 incidence (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.02 to1.52 on the Main Island; HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.07 on the Penghu Islets) per PM2.5 IQR increment. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term PM2.5 exposure increased the risk for @entity96 , and chronic @entity32 of the liver may underlie the pathogenesis.

Fine Particle Pollution, @entity3929 Transaminase, and XXXX : A Taiwanese Prospective Cohort Study (REVEAL-HBV).

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer'] @entity3929 :: ('D000409', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine'] @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']
@entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['Liver Cancer']
