Growth factors may play an important role in @entity5 growth and angiogenesis by their influence on @entity5 cell proliferation or their effect on neovascularization. The aim of the present study was to determine which of the growth factors, growth-inhibiting factors, and their receptors investigated in a previous study are correlated with proliferation and angiogenesis in @entity0 , with emphasis on the impact of possible autocrine and paracrine loops. Five growth factors and their receptors: platelet-derived growth factor A chain (PDGF-AA) and PDGF alpha receptor (PDGF alpha R), PDGF-BB and PDGF beta receptor (PDGF beta R), @entity310 ( @entity7790 ) and its receptor @entity470 ( @entity470 ), and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and its receptors ( @entity6758 and @entity319 / @entity319 ; two growth-inhibiting factors: @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) and @entity6474 and their receptor couple @entity7382 and @entity2534 ; and @entity540 ( @entity540 ) were stained in 45 cases of @entity0 by standard immunohistochemistry on frozen sections. Staining in @entity5 cells, stromal cells, and endothelial cells was scored as negative or positive. Proliferation was determined by assessment of the mitotic activity index (MAI) and the degree of angiogenesis was measure by counting the number of microvessels (microvessel density: MVD) in the most vascularized area of the @entity5 . @entity540 and @entity470 showed positive correlations with the MAI, while @entity6474 showed a negative correlation. Expression of @entity540 , @entity7790 , @entity6474 , and @entity470 correlated positively with the MVD. Co-expression of the @entity7790 / @entity470 growth factor/receptor combination showed a stronger correlation with the MAI and the MVD than @entity470 or @entity7790 alone, and the @entity6474 / @entity7382 /TGE beta R-II combination showed a positive correlation with the MVD. In conclusion, the expression of several growth factors, growth factor receptors and growth-inhibiting factors showed correlations with the rate of proliferation and the degree of angiogenesis in @entity0 . Some growth factor/receptor combinations showed stronger correlations with proliferation and angiogenesis than the growth factor or receptor alone, pointing to the importance of possible auto- and paracrine loops for stimulation of proliferation and angiogenesis by growth factors and their receptors.

Expression of growth factors, growth-inhibiting factors, and their receptors in XXXX . II: Correlations with proliferation and angiogenesis.

@entity7382 :: ('7046', 'Gene') :: ['TGF beta R-I'] @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['invasive breast cancer'] @entity2534 :: ('7048', 'Gene') :: ['TGF beta R-II'] @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour'] @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor alpha'] @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor'] @entity7790 :: ('7039', 'Gene') :: ['TGF alpha'] @entity319 :: ('3791', 'Gene') :: ['KDR', 'Flk-1'] @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor'] @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF beta 1', 'transforming growth factor beta-1'] @entity6474 :: ('7042', 'Gene') :: ['TGF beta 2'] @entity6758 :: ('2321', 'Gene') :: ['Flt-1']
@entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['invasive breast cancer']
