BACKGROUND: @entity1337 ( @entity1337 ) is known to be an independent risk factor for perioperative @entity2332 and its many known adverse effects. Combined general and epidural anaesthesia decreases intraoperative core temperature more rapidly than general anaesthesia alone. Hence, adequate warming procedures are needed for these @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effects of active skin-surface warming before and/or after initiation of @entity1337 during general anaesthesia as a procedure to prevent perioperative @entity2332 . DESIGN: A randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Department of Anaesthesiology in a general hospital in Germany from January 2013 until August 2014. @entity1 : After obtaining written informed consent, we included 99 adult @entity1 undergoing elective major abdominal surgery under combined general anaesthesia and @entity1337 with an expected duration of surgery of at least 120min. @entity1 were excluded if they were under 18 years of age, classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists' physical status 4 or higher or if @entity1 refused @entity1337 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of three groups and received either only passive insulation, 15min of active air-forced warming after @entity1337 and before induction of general anaesthesia, or two periods, each of 15min, of active air-forced warming before and after @entity1337 . Core and skin temperatures were measured at several time points throughout the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was the incidence of @entity2332 on arrival in the ICU. The secondary outcome measure was the incidence of postoperative shivering. In addition, the perioperative change in body core temperature was recorded. RESULTS: Without prewarming (n=32), 72% of @entity1 became hypothermic (<36  C) at the end of anaesthesia. Fifteen minutes of warming after insertion of the epidural catheter and before initiation of general anaesthesia reduced the incidence of @entity86 to 6% (n=33). After two periods of 15min of warming before and after insertion of the epidural catheter, no @entity1 became hypothermic (n=34). Prewarming in either 'warming' group prevents the initial temperature drop which was observed in the control group. CONCLUSION: Warming for 15min before and after initiation of @entity1337 in @entity1 receiving combined anaesthesia is effective in preventing @entity86 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT01795482).

Warming before and after epidural block before general anaesthesia for major abdominal surgery prevents perioperative XXXX : A randomised controlled trial.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS'] @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['Epidural analgesia', 'EDA'] @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hypothermia'] @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']
@entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']
