The discovery and characterization of the @entity6071 ( @entity6071 ) family has led to a better understanding of the innate immune system. The strategy of innate immune recognition is based on the detection of constitutive and conserved products of micro-organisms. However, host molecules that are released during injury can also activate TLRs. Engagement of TLRs by microbial or host-derived molecules induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may have both beneficial and detrimental effects on the host. In addition to being expressed in immune cells, TLRs are expressed in other tissues such as those of the cardiovascular system. In the present review, the role of TLRs in @entity296 , @entity2401 , @entity731 , ischaemia/reperfusion injury and @entity299 after @entity583 are outlined, with attention paid to genetically modified @entity19 models. Although much has been learned about stress-induced @entity6071 activation in the tissues of the cardiovascular system, the role of individual TLRs in initiating and integrating homoeostatic responses within the heart remains to be defined. Accumulating evidence indicates that TLRs may play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity731 , @entity2401 , @entity384 , cardiac allograft rejection and sepsis-induced @entity1002 . Moreover, @entity712 of diverse aetiology is also now recognized to have an important immune component, with @entity6071 signalling influencing the process of @entity299 and prognosis. In the present review, we outline the biology of TLRs as well as the current experimental and clinical evidence for the role of TLRs in @entity65 .

Role of toll-like receptors in XXXX .

@entity6071 :: ('MESH:C562709', 'Disease') :: ['Toll-like receptor', 'TLR'] @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['septic cardiomyopathy'] @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure'] @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['murine'] @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac remodelling'] @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis'] @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['viral myocarditis'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases'] @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']
@entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular diseases']
