Hemoparasites can cause serious morbidity in @entity1 and animals and often involve wildlife reservoirs. Understanding patterns of @entity281 in natural populations can therefore inform about emerging disease risks, especially in the light of climate change and @entity1 disruption of natural ecosystems. We investigated the effects of host age, sex, host group size and season on @entity281 patterns of Plasmodium sp., @entity743 sp. and filarial @entity2199 in a population of wild Malagasy primates, Verreaux's sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi), as well as the effects of these @entity281 on hematological variables. We tested 45 blood samples from 36 individuals and identified two species of Plasmodium, one species of @entity743 and two species of filarial @entity2199 . Plasmodium spp. and @entity743 sp. @entity281 showed opposite patterns of age-dependency, with @entity743 being prevalent among young animals, while older animals were infected with Plasmodium sp. In addition, @entity743 sp. @entity281 was a statistically significant negative predictor of Plasmodium sp. @entity281 . These results suggest that Plasmodium and @entity743 parasites may interact within the host, either through @entity1200 , so that Plasmodium @entity281 can only establish after @entity743 has resolved. We found no effects of host sex, host group size and season on @entity281 . @entity281 showed high prevalences and did not influence hematological variables. This preliminary evidence supports the impression that the hosts and parasites considered in this study appear to be well-adapted to each other, resulting in persistent @entity281 with low pathogenic and probably low zoonotic potential. Our results illustrate the crucial role of biodiversity in host-parasite relationships, specifically how within-host pathogen diversity may regulate the abundance of parasites.

Hemoparasites in a wild primate: Infection patterns suggest interaction of Plasmodium and XXXX in a lemur species.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human'] @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematodes'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Infections', 'infections', 'hemoparasite infections'] @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['cross-immunity or via resource competition'] @entity743 :: ('MESH:D001404', 'Disease') :: ['Babesia', 'babesiosis']
@entity743 :: (MESH:D001404,Disease) :: ['Babesia']
