From 1981 to 1984, 86 consecutive @entity1 with previously untreated nonseminomatous @entity189 were classified as clinical radiological stage I and treated with orchiectomy alone. The follow-up program included chest x-ray and lymphangiography ( @entity13064 ) every month and abdominal computed tomography (CT) bimonthly. All @entity1 were followed for 15 to 63 months after orchiectomy (median 32 mo.). @entity3 developed in 23 @entity1 (26.7%) and in 13/23 there was @entity3329 . Time of relapse after orchiectomy ranged from 2 to 36 months (median 7 mo.) with a shorter interval for chest (4 mo.) compared with retroperitoneal metastases (7 mo.). Lung metastases were readily identified at an early stage (less than 2 cm) whereas more than one-third of retroperitoneal nodal metastases were greater than 5 cm at time of diagnosis. @entity13064 detected metastases in 8/11 @entity1 (72.7%), abdominal CT in 8/10 (80%), and both together ( @entity70007 (87.5%). In clinical stage I nonseminomatous @entity189 , the high incidence of concomitant but often asymptomatic regional and distant metastases and the relatively high cost and inconvenience of follow-up using abdominal CT imaging, @entity13064 and chest x-ray suggest that orchiectomy is best combined with retroperitoneal node dissection at time of initial presentation to insure more accurate and safe staging of @entity5 dissemination.

Reliability of diagnostic imaging after orchiectomy alone in follow-up of clinical stage I XXXX : excessive cost with potential risk.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['testicular carcinoma'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases'] @entity13064 :: ('3925', 'Gene') :: ['LAG'] @entity70007 :: ('3925;7258;9947;51213', 'Gene') :: ['LAG and CT) 7/8']
@entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['testicular carcinoma']
