This paper summarizes data from different studies all aimed at elucidating regulation of protein kinase B in the @entity6 heart. Two @entity35 models of @entity6 ((i) elicited via neonatal streptozotocin injection (Stz) and (ii) Zucker fa/fa @entity35 ), were used as well as different experimental models viz isolated, Langendorff perfused hearts as well as adult ventricular myocytes. @entity413 uptake was elicited by a variety of stimuli and the activation of PKB measured in tandem. Basal @entity413 uptake was impaired in both @entity6 models while basal phosphorylation of PKB differed, showing lower levels in the Stz model but higher levels in the Zucker @entity35 . Neither 100 nM insulin nor 10(-8) M @entity3044 could stimulate PKB phosphorylation to the same extent in the @entity6 as in controls, regardless of the method used, but a combination of these stimuli resulted in an additive response. Concurrent @entity413 uptake however, was not additive. Wortmannin abolished both insulin and @entity3044 stimulation of @entity413 uptake as well as PKB phosphorylation. In contrast to the above-mentioned results, the protein @entity669 phosphatase inhibitor @entity8870 , alone or in combination with insulin, elicited PKB phosphorylation to the same extent in @entity6 as in controls. Despite this, @entity413 uptake stimulated by @entity8870 or insulin in combination with @entity8870 was attenuated. The combination of insulin and @entity8870 may however be beneficial to the @entity6 heart as it resulted in improved @entity413 transport. Results from the different studies can be summarized as follows: (i) dysregulation of PKB is evident in the @entity6 , (ii) PKB activation is not always directly correlated with @entity413 uptake and (iii) insulin resistance is associated with multiple alterations in signal transduction, both above and below PKB activation.

Protein kinase B in the XXXX heart.

@entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic myocardium', 'diabetic cardiomyocytes'] @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'rats'] @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose'] @entity8870 :: ('MESH:D014638', 'Chemical') :: ['vanadate']
@entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']
