In spite of substantial advances in defining the immunobiology and function of structural cells in @entity358 there is still insufficient knowledge to develop fundamentally new classes of drugs to treat many @entity358 . For example, there is a compelling need for new therapeutic approaches to address severe persistent @entity565 that is insensitive to inhaled corticosteroids. Although the prevalence of steroid-resistant @entity565 is 5-10%, severe @entity748 require a disproportionate level of health care spending and constitute a majority of fatal @entity565 episodes. None of the established drug therapies including long-acting beta agonists or inhaled corticosteroids reverse established airway remodeling. Obstructive airways remodeling in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), restrictive remodeling in @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) and @entity432 in @entity120 are similarly unresponsive to current drug therapy. Therefore, drugs are needed to achieve long-acting suppression and reversal of pathological airway and vascular remodeling. Novel drug classes are emerging from advances in epigenetics. Novel mechanisms are emerging by which cells adapt to environmental cues, which include changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of transcription and translation by noncoding RNAs. In this review we will summarize current epigenetic approaches being applied to preclinical drug development addressing important therapeutic challenges in @entity358 . These challenges are being addressed by advances in lung delivery of oligonucleotides and small molecules that modify the histone code, DNA methylation patterns and miRNA function.

Epigenetic targets for novel therapies of XXXX .

@entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma'] @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension'] @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis'] @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung diseases'] @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD'] @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusive vascular remodeling']
@entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['lung diseases']
