The morphology of dorsal lingual papillae of the @entity21394 ( @entity21394 ) was studied by using light and scanning electron microscopy. Filiform and @entity2360 were considered as mechanical papillae but fungiform and @entity1829 were considered as gustatory papillae. @entity1829 were distributed mostly in the anterior two-thirds region of the tongue. Each @entity1829 consisted of one primary papilla and a few smaller secondary papillae. @entity2360 were distributed on the torus linguae. The larger papillae were arranged in two parallel lines medially whereas the smaller papillae were laterally located. Most of the @entity1829 were found on the lateral margins of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. These papillae were small and round. Intra-epithelial taste buds were located on the dorsal surface of each papilla. The @entity1829 were arranged in two rows on each rim of the torus linguae. Each round- and flat-shaped vallate papilla was surrounded by a prominent gustatory groove and an annular pad. A few taste buds were observed in the lateral epithelium of the papillae. The keratinization of the covering stratified squamous epithelium of the mechanical lingual papillae was relatively thicker than those of the gustatory papillae. The lingual papillae of the @entity21394 exhibited some different characteristics from other domestic ruminants. These morphological characteristics of the tongue of the @entity21394 might have evolved to assist the @entity20770 in prehension and manipulating of the inorganic stiff plants that grow in its environment and therefore might relate to the feed and feeding habits of the animal.

Characteristics of dorsal lingual papillae of the @entity21394 ( XXXX ).

@entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['fungiform papillae', 'Filiform papillae', 'filiform papilla', 'vallate papillae'] @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ['Lenticular papillae', 'lenticular papillae'] @entity21394 :: ('9837', 'Species') :: ['Camelus bactrianus', 'Bactrian camel'] @entity20770 :: ('9838', 'Species') :: ['camel']
@entity21394 :: (9837,Species) :: ['Camelus bactrianus']
