PURPOSE: Prostatic calculi (PC) are usually associated with @entity1067 or @entity32 . However, in several studies prostatic inflammation and @entity730 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity263 (CaP). We evaluated the prevalence of PC during transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and correlate the ultrasonographic patterns with histological findings. METHODS: A prospective study of 664 @entity1 undergoing TRUS and prostate biopsy was planned. A standardized reproducible technique was used with using a GE Logiq 7 machine equipped with a 5-9MHz multi-frequency convex probe "end-fire". We defined marked presence of PC as multiple hyperechoic foci with significant area (>=  3 mm in the largest diameter). PC were classified according to zone distribution into the gland: transitional zone (TZ), central zone (CZ), and peripheral zone (PZ). RESULTS: No significant difference was noted between the @entity1 with PC and without PC, when comparing age, preoperative PSA level, prostate volume, and biopsy number, except for DRE findings. 168 @entity1 (25.3%) had marked presence of PC on TRUS: 50.6% in TZ, 20.2% in CZ, and 29.2% in PZ. 31 @entity1 (63.3%) with presence of PC in PZ had CaP on biopsy. The correlation observed between CaP and the presence of PC in PZ was statistically significant (p < 0.001). However, among @entity1 in the CaP group there was no statistical association between PC and moderate or high Gleason grade. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that @entity1069 and PC have a role in the biogenesis of @entity5 . CaP was more frequent in @entity1 with PC in PZ of the gland, but was not associated with higher Gleason grade among these @entity1 (p < 0.001).

Prostatic calculi detected in peripheral zone of the gland during a transrectal ultrasound biopsy can be significant predictors of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation'] @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer'] @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['chronic prostatic inflammation'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer'] @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia'] @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']
@entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']
