BACKGROUND: Nystagmus in @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) is generally attributed to @entity66 . Lesions in other regions may result in @entity346 . The identification of these other sites is enhanced by using 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (3TMRI) due to increased signal-to-noise ratio. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the distribution of structural lesions and disruption of tracts in @entity1 with @entity346 secondary to @entity15 using 3TMRI. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 (20 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 ; age range 26-55  years) with @entity346 secondary to @entity15 underwent 3TMRI brain scans; and 18 @entity1 had diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for tractography. RESULTS: Nystagmus was bidirectional in 11, right-sided in 6 and left-sided in 7. We identified 194 lesions in 20 regions within the neural integrator circuit in 24 @entity1 ; 140 were within the cortex and 54 were within the brainstem. Only two @entity1 had no lesions in the cortex, and 9 had no lesions in the brainstem. There was no relationship between side of lesion and direction of @entity346 . Thirteen of 18 (72  %) had tract disruption with fractional anisotropy (FA) values below 0.2. FA was significantly lower in bidirectional compared to unidirectional @entity346 (p  =  0.006). CONCLUSION: In @entity15 @entity1 with @entity346 , lesions in all cortical eye fields and their descending connections were evident. Technical improvements in tractography may help identify the specific site(s) resulting in @entity346 in @entity15 .

@entity346 and XXXX using 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men'] @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['horizontal nystagmus', 'nystagmus'] @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem disease']
@entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']
