@entity5445 -(7-36)- @entity6346 ( @entity6757 ) is a potent blood @entity413 -lowering hormone now under investigation for use as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of type 2 (adult onset) @entity6 . @entity6757 binds with high affinity to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) located on pancreatic beta-cells, and it exerts insulinotropic actions that include the stimulation of @entity2690 gene transcription, @entity2690 biosynthesis, and @entity2690 secretion. The beneficial therapeutic action of @entity6757 also includes its ability to act as a growth factor, stimulating formation of new pancreatic islets (neogenesis) while slowing beta-cell death (apoptosis). @entity6757 belongs to a large family of structurally-related hormones and neuropeptides that include glucagon, secretin, GIP, @entity10567 , and @entity3549 . Biosynthesis of @entity6757 occurs in the enteroendocrine L-cells of the distal intestine, and the release of @entity6757 into the systemic circulation accompanies ingestion of a meal. Although @entity6757 is inactivated rapidly by @entity5735 ( @entity5735 ), synthetic analogs of @entity6757 exist, and efforts have been directed at engineering these peptides so that they are resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. Additional modifications of @entity6757 incorporate fatty acylation and drug affinity complex (DAC) technology to improve serum albumin binding, thereby slowing renal clearance of the peptides. @entity32267 , @entity69226 , @entity69227 , and @entity12348 are @entity6757 synthetic analogs that reproduce many of the biological actions of @entity6757 , but with a prolonged duration of action. @entity42652 (Exendin-4) is a naturally occurring peptide isolated from the lizard Heloderma, and it acts as a high affinity agonist at the @entity8142 . This review summarizes structural features and signal transduction properties of @entity6757 and its cognate beta-cell GPCR. The usefulness of synthetic @entity6757 analogs as blood @entity413 -lowering agents is discussed, and the applicability of @entity6757 as a therapeutic agent for treatment of type 2 @entity6 is highlighted.

@entity5445 synthetic analogs: new therapeutic agents for use in the treatment of XXXX .

@entity3549 :: ('7432', 'Gene') :: ['VIP'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus'] @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['DDP-IV', 'dipeptidyl peptidase IV'] @entity10567 :: ('116', 'Gene') :: ['PACAP'] @entity2690 :: ('3630', 'Gene') :: ['insulin'] @entity69227 :: ('MESH:C508112', 'Chemical') :: ['LY307161'] @entity32267 :: ('MESH:C439759', 'Chemical') :: ['NN2211'] @entity12348 :: ('MESH:C473712', 'Chemical') :: ['CJC-1131'] @entity6757 :: ('100125288', 'Gene') :: ['GLP-1'] @entity8142 :: ('2740', 'Gene') :: ['GLP-1 receptor'] @entity6346 :: ('CHEBI:32988', 'Chemical') :: ['amide'] @entity42652 :: ('MESH:C074031', 'Chemical') :: ['AC2993'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose'] @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['Glucagon-like peptide-1'] @entity69226 :: ('MESH:C107458', 'Chemical') :: ['LY315902']
@entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']
