OBJECTIVES: To evaluate effects of natural and artificial honey solutions on urinary @entity3542 content, prostaglandin excretion and urinary variables in healthy individuals. METHODS: The study comprised 12 individuals, nine males and three females; age range 25-45 years. Urinary total @entity3542 , @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ), @entity3774 (PGF2 alpha) and @entity7489 (TXB2) were assessed in spot morning sample and 1, 2, and 3 hours after ingestion of 80 g of natural honey dissolved in 250 ml water. Honey solution was given at night; urine volume, urinary osmolality and electrolytes, and serum osmolality and electrolytes, were assayed 10 hours after drinking honey. Same procedure was repeated after drinking artificial honey (30 g @entity413 plus 38 g @entity948 ) and compared with control (drinking 250 ml of water). RESULTS: The mean (SD) of total urinary @entity3542 excretion was 103 +/- 43.5 micromol/l which was increased by 40%, 55% and 74% at 1, 2, and 3 hours after drinking honey solution respectively. The mean urinary @entity1421 was 1.323 +/- 0.8 ng/ml that was decreased by 31% 3 hours after honey ingestion. The mean urinary PGF2 alpha was 1.554 +/- 1.2 ng/ml and that of TXB2 was 0.35 +/- 0.4 ng/ml. Forty-four percent reductions in urinary PGF2 alpha and 67% reduction in TXB2 were obtained 3 hours after drinking honey. Honey increased insignificantly free water clearance, filtered @entity1372 and @entity1011 clearance. It decreased insignificantly urinary osmolality, urinary @entity460 , urinary @entity1372 , and @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ). Little changes were obtained in urine volume and urinary @entity1133 , @entity413 and @entity1011 concentration. Artificial honey decreased urinary @entity3542 and increased urinary @entity2918 concentration. It increased insignificantly free water clearance, filtered @entity1372 , urinary @entity1133 , urinary @entity1011 and @entity1011 clearance. It decreased insignificantly urinary osmolality, urinary @entity460 , urinary @entity1372 , and fractional excretion of @entity1372 (FENa). Artificial honey increased @entity1503 by 14% and urinary @entity413 by 76.5%, and decreased serum @entity1372 and plasma osmolality. CONCLUSION: Honey solution decreased urinary @entity2918 concentration and increased total urinary @entity3542 content whilst artificial honey decreased urinary @entity3542 and increased urinary @entity2918 .

Effects of honey on the urinary total @entity3542 and XXXX concentration.

@entity1133 :: ('MESH:D014508', 'Chemical') :: ['urea'] @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2'] @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite'] @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose'] @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium'] @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2'] @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins'] @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'fasting blood sugar'] @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha'] @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium'] @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']
@entity2918 :: (MESH:D011453,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandins']
