@entity694 is one of the major causes of @entity204 in the Western world. Early detection significantly improves long-term survival for @entity1 with @entity694 . Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoparticles are promising candidates for use as contrast agents for @entity5 detection. Using NIR offers several advantages for bioimaging compared with fluorescence in the visible spectrum: lower autofluorescence of biological tissues and lower absorbance and, consequently, deeper penetration into biomatrices. The present study describes the preparation of new NIR fluorescent proteinoid-poly(L-lactic acid) ( @entity15274 ) nanoparticles. For this purpose, a P(EF- @entity15274 ) random copolymer was prepared by thermal copolymerization of @entity4650 (E) with @entity10841 (F) and @entity15274 . Under suitable conditions, this proteinoid- @entity15274 copolymer can self-assemble to nanosized hollow particles of relatively narrow size distribution. This self-assembly process was used for encapsulation of the NIR dye @entity3194 . The encapsulation process increases significantly the photostability of the dye. These NIR fluorescent nanoparticles were found to be stable and nontoxic. Leakage of the NIR dye from these nanoparticles into @entity1391 -buffered saline containing 4% human serum albumin was not detected. Tumor-targeting ligands such as peanut agglutinin and anticarcinoembryonic antigen antibodies were covalently conjugated to the surface of the NIR fluorescent P(EF- @entity15274 ) nanoparticles, thereby increasing the fluorescent signal of @entity5 with upregulated corresponding receptors. Specific @entity694 detection by the NIR fluorescent P(EF- @entity15274 ) nanoparticles was demonstrated in a @entity1573 embryo model. In future work, we plan to extend this study to a @entity19 model, as well as to encapsulate a @entity5 drug such as @entity632 within these nanoparticles for therapeutic applications.

Synthesis and characterization of bioactive conjugated near-infrared fluorescent proteinoid-poly(L-lactic acid) hollow nanoparticles for optical detection of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin'] @entity15274 :: ('CHEBI:53408', 'Chemical') :: ['PLLA'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse'] @entity4650 :: ('CHEBI:16015', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamic acid'] @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green'] @entity10841 :: ('CHEBI:58095', 'Chemical') :: ['L-phenylalanine'] @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chicken'] @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate'] @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumor', 'Colon cancer', 'colon cancer'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death']
@entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']
