OBJECTIVE BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium simiae has been identified as the most prevalent slow growing mycobacteria that has been isolated among Iranian @entity1 . Due to an importance of molecular approaches in the treatment of nontuberculosis mycobacteria, this study aimed to evaluate molecular drug susceptibility testing against the first-line ( @entity1215 and @entity3109 ) and second-line ( @entity2177 - @entity4509 and @entity7913 ) treatment in different subtypes of M. simiae. METHODS: The study involved all @entity1 presenting to our referral @entity378 center from March 2014 to August 2016, with confirmation of M. Simiae. For all sputum samples, after digestion and decontamination, followed by DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed using the @entity11217 gene. Furthermore, susceptibility to @entity1215 , @entity3109 , @entity2177 , @entity4509 , and @entity7913 were evaluated using rpoB, @entity11225 , katG, gyrA, and rrs genes, respectively. RESULTS: In total, 60 cases (58.33% @entity1 and 41.66% @entity1 ) of M. simiae @entity281 were identified and all were confirmed as subtype I. All the @entity1 were resistant to the first line- @entity378 drugs, while 88.33% and 91.66% of cases were susceptible to @entity2177 and both @entity4509 and @entity7913 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Regarding the given result, first-line @entity378 drugs should be excluded from the treatment regimen of M. simiae @entity1 . In addition, subtype I seems to be the most or even the only isolated M. simiae subtype among all Iranian @entity1 . While both @entity4509 and @entity7913 drugs showed better efficacy in the treatment M. simiae, the most susceptible antibiotic is still indeterminate.

Molecular drug susceptibility testing against the first-line ( @entity1215 and @entity3109 ) and second-line ( @entity2177 - @entity4509 and XXXX ) treatment in different subtypes of Mycobacterium simiae.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients'] @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin'] @entity11225 :: ('3623', 'Gene') :: ['inhA'] @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin'] @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin'] @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections'] @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin'] @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis'] @entity11217 :: ('3329', 'Gene') :: ['hsp65']
@entity7913 :: (MESH:D007612,Chemical) :: ['kanamycin']
