@entity150 ( @entity150 ) is a common @entity5 worldwide and has a high probability of recurrence after initial diagnosis and treatment. As a result, recurrent surveillance, primarily involving repeated cystoscopies, is a critical component of post diagnosis @entity1 management. Since cystoscopy is invasive, expensive and a possible deterrent to @entity1 compliance with regular follow-up screening, new non-invasive technologies to aid in the detection of recurrent and/or primary @entity150 are strongly needed. In this study, mass spectrometry based metabolomics was employed to identify biochemical signatures in @entity1 urine that differentiate @entity150 from non- @entity5 controls. Over 1000 distinct compounds were measured including 587 named compounds of known chemical identity. Initial biomarker identification was conducted using a 332 subject sample set of retrospective urine samples (cohort 1), which included 66 @entity150 positive samples. A set of 25 candidate biomarkers was selected based on statistical significance, fold difference and metabolic pathway coverage. The 25 candidate biomarkers were tested against an independent urine sample set (cohort 2) using random forest analysis, with @entity68720 , @entity880 , @entity859 and @entity4588 providing the strongest predictive power for differentiating @entity5 from non- @entity5 urines. Cohort 2 metabolite profiling revealed additional metabolites, including @entity3899 , that were higher in @entity5 vs. non- @entity5 controls, but were below quantitation limits in the cohort 1 profiling. Metabolites related to lipid metabolism may be especially interesting biomarkers. The results suggest that urine metabolites may provide a much needed non-invasive adjunct diagnostic to cystoscopy for detection of @entity150 and recurrent disease management.

XXXX biomarker discovery using global metabolomic profiling of urine.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient'] @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cohort 2 cancer', 'malignancy'] @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate'] @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder cancer', 'bladder cancer', 'BCa'] @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonate'] @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate'] @entity68720 :: ('MESH:C033171', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitoyl sphingomyelin']
@entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder cancer']
