This study analysed the prevalence, demography, soft- and hard-tissue injury patterns, management and complications of @entity130 to the maxillo-facial region in 301 @entity1 treated at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. The number of @entity1 presenting with maxillo- @entity8494 caused by gunshot increased over the 15-year study period. The majority were caused by civilian type low-velocity hand-guns and were purposefully and intentionally inflicted by others. Males in their third decade of life and of low socioeconomic status were most often the victims. The wounding effects of these low-velocity injuries were characteristic--small rounded entrance wounds, causing @entity1949 and comminution of the underlying bone, usually without any exit wounds. A comminuted displaced type of @entity174 pattern was most frequently observed. Special investigations included plain film radiographs with more sophisticated investigations being requested where indicated. Definitive surgical management was initiated by early soft-tissue debridement. Both the mandibular and @entity174 had more open than closed reductions. Bone continuity defects as a result of the @entity130 were usually reconstructed secondarily using free autogenous bone grafts. All the patients received anti- @entity116 toxoid on admission and the majority received antibiotic treatment. The most common complications were @entity295 , @entity16 and limitation of mouth opening. The @entity86 rate was high (19%). The wounding effects of these low-velocity missile injuries are devastating and pose a treatment challenge to the maxillo-facial surgeon.

A retrospective analysis of XXXX to the maxillo-facial region.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation of teeth'] @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis'] @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary fractures', 'fracture'] @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ocular and neurological complications'] @entity8494 :: ('MESH:D005151', 'Disease') :: ['facial injuries'] @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative sepsis'] @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetanus'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['initial injury', 'gunshot injuries']
@entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['gunshot injuries']
