Freezing of gait ( @entity6556 ) is an incapacitating problem in @entity191 that is difficult to manage therapeutically. We tested the hypothesis that impaired rhythm and amplitude control is a common mechanism of freezing which is also present during other rhythmic tasks. Therefore, we compared the occurrence and spatiotemporal profiles of freezing episodes during @entity3140 , lower limb motion, and @entity6556 . Eleven freezers, 12 non-freezers, and 11 controls performed a rhythmic bilateral finger movement task. The triggering effect of movement speed, amplitude, and coordination pattern was evaluated. @entity2357 slopes and spectral analysis addressed the spatial and temporal kinematic changes inherent to freezing episodes. The @entity6556 Questionnaire score significantly predicted severity of @entity3140 , present in 9 freezers, and of foot freezing, present in 8 freezers. Similar to gait, small-amplitude movements tended to trigger @entity3140 , which was preceded by hastened movement and a strong amplitude breakdown. Upper limb freezing power spectra were broadband, including increased energy in the "freeze band" (3-8 Hz). Contrary to @entity6556 , unilateral @entity3140 was common and occurred mainly on the disease-dominant side. The findings emphasize that a core motor problem underlies freezing which can affect various movement effectors. This deficit may originate on the disease-dominant body side and interfere with amplitude and timing regulation during repetitive limb movements. These results may shift current thinking on the origins of freezing as being not exclusively a gait failure.

Freezing in XXXX : a spatiotemporal motor disorder beyond gait.

@entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb motion', 'upper limb freezing'] @entity6556 :: ('161882', 'Gene') :: ['FOG'] @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Regression'] @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]
@entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']
