To describe the course and risk factors for development and progression of @entity989 , we studied a cohort of 333 Israeli Jewish @entity1 with Type 1 ( @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 mellitus. The median age at diagnosis was 9.5 (range 0.04-26.2) years and the median duration of follow-up was 14 (range 1.6-30) years. Evaluation of both retinae was performed yearly since referral and @entity4051 values were tested every 3 months since 1978. During a follow-up of 4070 @entity1 -years, 162 @entity1 developed @entity989 . The median @entity989 -free interval was 14.9 years and after 30 years all @entity1 were affected. Pre-pubertal duration of @entity6 was relevant. Independent and significant risk factors for early onset of @entity989 were: poor cumulative glycaemic control (median @entity989 -free interval in the 1st vs 4th quartiles of mean @entity4051 values over all years: 18.0 vs 12.5 years, p = 0.0001); onset of @entity6 during or after puberty (median @entity989 -free interval in @entity1 with onset of @entity6 before, during or after pubescence: 16.3, 13.2 and 14.0 years, respectively, p = 0.0001); and non-Ashkenazi Jewish origin (median @entity989 .8 years in Ashkenazi vs 14.0 in non-Ashkenazi @entity1 , p = 0.0004). Of 162 @entity1 with @entity989 , progression to @entity989 occurred in 37, during 707 @entity1 -years. The first event of @entity989 was diagnosed within the 1st year after @entity989 evolved, and at 6.3 years since onset of @entity989 75% of the @entity1 were still free of proliferative changes. Risk factors significantly and independently associated with an early progression to the proliferative stage were: poor glycaemic control in the last 3 years prior to the development of @entity989 and non-Ashkenazi Jewish origin. All @entity1 in the 4th quartile of @entity4051 values were affected by @entity989 within 11.6 years after onset of @entity989 .

The development and progression of @entity6 in type I XXXX @entity1 : a cohort study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity4051 :: ('3039', 'Gene') :: ['HbA1'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes'] @entity2690 :: ('3630', 'Gene') :: ['insulin'] @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'non-proliferative retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy', 'retinopathy-free interval 15']
@entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']
