PURPOSE: The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of the solvent system on the permeation of @entity3360 across excised @entity35 epidermis in order to select a suitable solvent system for use in the development of a transdermal therapeutic system. METHODS: The solubility of @entity3360 in pure and mixed solvent systems was determined. The solvents used were water, @entity2771 , @entity1068 or various proportions of @entity1068 and water. The effect of these pure or mixed solvent systems on the skin permeation of @entity3360 was also studied using in vitro permeation studies through excised @entity35 epidermis mounted in modified Keshary-Chien diffusion cells. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies were carried out to study the effect of these solvents on the biophysical properties of @entity35 ' stratum corneum. RESULTS: Although the solubility of @entity3360 in @entity2771 (51.23 mg/mL) was higher than that in water (7.90 mg/mL) and @entity1068 (20.01 mg/mL), the flux of the drug from @entity2771 was as low (7.25+/-0.13 microg/cm(2)/h) as that from water (7.05+/-0.15 microg/cm(2)/h) and lower than that from @entity1068 (21.51+/-0.81 microg/cm(2)/h). The solubility of @entity3360 in binary @entity1068 -water solvent systems in various proportions was higher than in pure solvents. The highest permeability was observed from an @entity1068 -water (70:30 v/v) solvent system (56.10+/-1.23 micro g/cm(2)/h) which showed the highest solubility (224.21 mg/mL). The DSC and FT-IR data indicated that the binary solvent system containing @entity1068 -water in the ratio of 70:30 v/v increased the drug permeability through the skin by disrupting the highly ordered intercellular lipid structure of the stratum corneum in comparison with the untreated stratum corneum. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study indicate that the use of a binary solvent system, @entity1068 and water in the ratio of 70:30 v/v, is an effective vehicle for the development of a transdermal therapeutic system for @entity3360 .

Effect of the solvent system on the in vitro permeability of XXXX through excised @entity35 epidermis.

@entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat'] @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol'] @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['ethanol'] @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine hydrochloride']
@entity3360 :: (MESH:D009529,Chemical) :: ['nicardipine hydrochloride']
