@entity43 is the leading cause of reproductive @entity5 in U.S. @entity1 . This high mortality rate is due to the lack of early detection methods and ineffectiveness of therapy for advanced disease. Until more effective screening methods and therapies are developed, chemoprevention strategies are warranted. The hen has a high spontaneous prevalence of @entity43 and has been used as a model for studying @entity43 chemoprevention. In this study, we used the hen to determine the effect of @entity1871 alone, @entity172 alone, or @entity1871 and @entity172 in combination (as found in oral contraceptives) on @entity43 prevalence. We found that treatment with @entity1871 alone and in combination with @entity172 decreased the prevalence of @entity43 . A significant risk reduction of 91% was observed in the group treated with @entity1871 alone (risk ratio = 0.0909; 95% CI: 0.0117-0.704) and an 81% reduction was observed in the group treated with @entity1871 plus @entity172 (risk ratio = 0.1916; 95% CI = 0.043-0.864). Egg production was also significantly reduced in these treatment groups compared with control. We found no effect of @entity1871 , either alone or in combination with @entity172 , on apoptosis or proliferation in the ovary, indicating that this is not the likely mechanism responsible for the protective effect of @entity1871 in the hen. Our results support the use of oral contraceptives to prevent @entity43 and suggest that ovulation is related to the risk of @entity43 in hens and that other factors, such as hormones, more than likely modify this risk.

Oral contraceptives decrease the prevalence of XXXX in the hen.

@entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian cancer'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women'] @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer death'] @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']
@entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']
