CONTEXT: Evidence is emerging that @entity146 are common in populations affected by mass violence. Previously, we found associations among @entity308 , @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), and disability in a Bosnian refugee cohort. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether previously observed associations continue over time and are associated with mortality emigration to another region. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Three-year follow-up study conducted in 1999 among 534 adult Bosnian refugees originally living in a refugee camp in Croatia. At follow-up, 376 (70.4%) remained living in the region, 39 (7.3%) were deceased, 114 (21.3%) had emigrated, and 5 (1%) were lost to follow-up. Those still living in the region and the families of the deceased were reinterviewed (77.7% of the original @entity1 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity308 and @entity1005 diagnoses, based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria and measured by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 and the @entity130 Questionnaire, respectively; disability, measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 20; and cause of @entity204 , determined by family interviews with review of @entity204 certificates, if available. RESULTS: In 1999, 45% of the original respondents who met the DSM-IV criteria for @entity308 , @entity1005 , or both continued to have these disorders and 16% of respondents who were asymptomatic in 1996 developed 1 or both disorders. Forty-six percent of those who initially met disability criteria remained disabled. Log-linear analysis revealed that disability and @entity146 were related at both times. Male sex, isolation from family, and older age were associated with increased mortality after adjusting for demographic characteristics, @entity130 history, and health status (for male sex, adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-5.92; living alone, OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.07-5.38; and each 10-year increase in age, OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.34-2.71). @entity308 was associated with higher mortality in unadjusted analysis but was not after statistical adjustment (unadjusted OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.55-6.26; adjusted OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 0.82-4.16). @entity1005 was not associated with mortality or emigration. Spending less than 12 months in the refugee camp (OR, 11.30; 95% CI, 6.55-19.50), experiencing 6 or more @entity130 events (OR, 3.34; 95% CI, 1.89-5.91), having higher education (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.10-3.29), and not having an observed handicap (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.02-0.52) were associated with higher likelihood of emigration. @entity308 was not associated with emigration status. CONCLUSIONS: Former Bosnian refugees who remained living in the region continued to exhibit @entity146 and disability 3 years after initial assessment. Social isolation, male sex, and older age were associated with mortality. Healthier, better educated refugees were more likely to emigrate. Further research is necessary to understand the associations among @entity308 , emigration status, and mortality over time.

Longitudinal study of XXXX symptoms, disability, mortality, and emigration among Bosnian refugees.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS'] @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression'] @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders', 'Mental Disorders', 'psychiatric disorder'] @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic stress disorder', 'posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'Harvard Trauma']
@entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']
