We have shown previously that endurance-trained postmenopausal runners demonstrate more favorable @entity301 ( @entity301 ) risk factors compared with age-matched sedentary @entity1 . However, the runners exhibited higher levels of physical activity and lower levels of body @entity1386 , both of which can influence @entity301 risk factors. To gain insight into the influence of body @entity1386 per se, we studied 38 postmenopausal healthy @entity1 : 10 swimmers, 10 runners, and nine @entity28 and nine leaner sedentary subjects matched for age, hormone replacement use, and years postmenopause. Swimmers and runners were further matched for exercise training volume (4.5+/-0.2 v 4.6+/-0.6 h/wk) and relative competitive performance (79%+/-5% v 77+/-3% of age-adjusted world record). Maximal @entity26 consumption (VO2max) on the treadmill was lower (P < .01) in swimmers versus runners. Body mass (65.0+/-2.0 v 59.0+/-1.3 kg), percent body fat (29%+/-2% v 23%+/-2%), and waist circumference (79+/-3 v 71+/-1 cm) were greater (P < .01) in swimmers than in runners. There were no significant differences in total caloric intake or dietary composition between swimmers and runners. Insulin sensitivity (via Bergman's minimal model) and fasting plasma concentrations of total @entity165 (TC), low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), @entity412 (TG), @entity413 , and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) activity were not different between the groups. However, plasma high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), @entity9477 -C, @entity3479 ) activity, and @entity3479 antigen levels all were less favorable (P < .05) in swimmers versus runners. Daytime, nighttime, and 24-hour systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 6 to 10 mm Hg higher in swimmers compared with runners, but resting blood pressure, 24-hour blood pressure load, and blood pressure variability were not significantly different. Stepwise regression showed that measures of body @entity1386 were the primary independent determinants of most of the metabolic @entity301 risk factors. When analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed with body @entity1386 as a covariate, differences in @entity301 risk factors between swimmers and runners were abolished (P=.18 to .90). We conclude that among endurance-trained postmenopausal @entity1 matched for training volume and competitive eliteness, higher total and abdominal body @entity1386 is, in general, associated with a less favorable metabolic @entity301 risk profile. Thus, high levels of habitual aerobic exercise do not appear to negate the deleterious effects of adiposity on the coronary risk profile of healthy middle-aged and older @entity1 .

Influence of body XXXX on the coronary risk profile of physically active postmenopausal @entity1 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women'] @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1'] @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese'] @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride'] @entity9477 :: ('57338', 'Gene') :: ['HDL2'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose'] @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['HDL-C/TC, insulin, fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer, PAI antigen, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA', 't-PA'] @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['fatness'] @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']
@entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['fatness']
