The objective of the study was to provide an overview of the demographics of @entity1697 and pharynx in @entity3548 (1995-2001), and identify potential risk factors. Cases recorded for @entity3548 , at Karachi @entity5 Registry during 1(st) January 1995 to 31(st) December 2002 were analysed. For maximum completion of data @entity5 cases, recorded from 1(st) January 1995 to 31(st) December 2001 were included for final analysis. The age standardized incidence rates per 100000 population (ASIRs) for @entity1697 (excluding salivary gland) in @entity3548 were 17.1 and 16.5 in males and females whereas the ASIRs for @entity5 of the pharynx (excluding nasopharynx) were 7.1 and 2.4 in males and females, respectively. The oral pharyngeal ratios were 2.4 and 6.9 for males and females and gender ratios (M F) were 1.04 for the oral cavity and 3.0 for the pharynx. The mean ages were 51 years (95% CI 49.6; 52.2) and 56.1 years (95% CI 54.4; 57.8) respectively. @entity1697 ranked 2(nd) in Karachi in both genders. @entity5 of the pharynx ranked 7(th) in males and 14(th) in females. Approximately 97% of the oral cavity and @entity5 were histologically confirmed. The majority of the oral (47.1%) and pharyngeal (51.9%) @entity5 cases presented as @entity75 , and were discovered at advanced stages. Of the @entity5 reported during 1995-2001, 60.4% of the oral and 78.1% of the pharyngeal lesions had spread to a distant site at the time of diagnosis. @entity957 comprised 96.5% and 91.8% of the totals. The incidences of these @entity5 are comparable to the highest risk regions of the world. As distinct from other geographical areas @entity5 is as common in females as in males, which may reflect the pattern of exposure to known risk factors such as betal quid, arecanut and @entity286 and the absence of @entity167 as a risk factor in both genders. Apergillus contamination of arecanut could also be a risk factor but no confirmation studies or quantification is available. Despite the common risk factors, incidence of @entity5 is three times higher in @entity1 as compared with @entity1 . The keys to reducing the incidence and mortality due to oral and @entity5 are prevention and control, emphasizing cessation of @entity286 use and @entity5 screening. However a targeted @entity5 and @entity286 control program does not presently exist in Pakistan.

XXXX and pharynx in Karachi--identification of potential risk factors.

@entity3548 :: ('MESH:C538659', 'Disease') :: ['Karachi South'] @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'men'] @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer of the oral cavity', 'cancer of the oral cavity'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngeal cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'oral cancer', 'Cancer', 'pharyngeal cancers'] @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['grade II lesions'] @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma'] @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']
@entity1697 :: (MESH:D009062,Disease) :: ['Cancer of the oral cavity']
