Based on our clinical observations that @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) are subject to periodontal disease, we developed the hypothesis that @entity4053 might contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity6 . In this article, experimental facts that substantiate this hypothesis are presented on the basis of our studies and then discussed. @entity4854 progressively glycates body proteins, forming advanced glycation end products (AGE), which stimulate phagocytes to release @entity32 cytokines such as @entity310 and @entity650 . In this context, to understand the effects of @entity1602 episodes on periodontal health, 24 adolescent @entity1723 @entity1 were examined for their periodontal status, and 3 of them were found to have @entity2521 . Laboratory analyses on these 3 @entity1 revealed that 2 had elevated serum @entity310 levels. These results may partly support the current hypothesis of a mechanism of @entity2412 in which abnormal cytokine levels induced by AGE could exacerbate @entity32 responses. In @entity1723 @entity1 , the @entity6 is often accompanied not only by @entity1602 episodes but also by iatrogenic @entity4053 . Periodontal ligament cells (PDL) cultured under @entity1602 conditions were impaired in such biological functions as adhesion and motility, while cells cultured under hypoglycemic conditions (10 mg/dL) gradually dissociated from their anchor and underwent cell death. These phenomena correlated well with the expression profile of fibronectin receptor. Interestingly, these changes due to the different @entity413 levels were observed more intensively in PDL than in other fibroblastic cells, suggesting that the biological functions of PDL are easily led to impairment by variation or rapid fluctuation of @entity413 levels. These observations suggest that @entity4854 could indirectly exacerbate @entity32 tissue destruction through the body's scavenger system against AGE, and that both @entity4053 might directly impair the biological functions of periodontal connective tissues through cell-matrix interactions.

Periodontal disease as a complication of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory'] @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['IL-6'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic periodontitis'] @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['TNF-alpha'] @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'hyper- or hypoglycemia', 'hyper- and hypoglycemia'] @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic'] @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus'] @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis'] @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications'] @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']
@entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']
