OBJECTIVES: Increased activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the circulation has been observed in many, though not all, @entity1 with @entity712 . To identify the predictors of cytokine activation in @entity712 , we assessed the relationship of peripheral and hepatic venous cytokines to central haemodynamics, neuroendocrine status and intermediary metabolism in @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity712 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Concentrations of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, soluble @entity5 @entity39 factor-receptor II and @entity650 were measured from peripheral and hepatic venous plasma in 58 adult cardiac @entity1 , of whom 44 had @entity712 , undergoing heart catheterization, echocardiography and assessment of selected neuroendocrine and metabolic characteristics. RESULTS: Peripheral venous soluble @entity5 @entity39 factor-receptor II was directly related to NYHA class (rs = 0.46, P < 0.001) and inversely to 6-min walking distance (rs = -0.46, P < 0.001). @entity5 factor-alpha was related to 6-min walking distance (rs = -0.37, P < 0.01), but like soluble @entity5 @entity39 factor-receptor II, was unrelated to other @entity8799 . Peripheral venous @entity650 correlated with NYHA class (rs = 0.66, P < 0.001) and 6-min walking distance (rs = -0.52, P < 0.001). In addition, @entity650 was related to right atrial pressure (rs = 0.55, P < 0.001), pulmonary artery wedge pressure (rs = 0.50, P < 0.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (rs = -0.39, P < 0.01); in multivariate analysis, only right atrial pressure was an independent predictor of @entity650 concentration (P < 0.001). Comparisons between @entity1 with and without @entity712 showed significantly higher @entity5 factor-alpha, soluble @entity5 @entity39 factor-receptor II and @entity650 in the @entity712 group; the differences in peripheral venous cytokines were less consistent. CONCLUSIONS: In cardiac @entity1 , increased plasma @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha and soluble @entity5 @entity39 factor-receptor II are associated with symptoms of @entity712 and poor exercise capacity, while the most important predictor of increased @entity650 is elevated systemic venous pressure. Different but still unknown mechanisms may be responsible for the increased release of cytokines in @entity712 .

Haemodynamic, neuroendocrine and metabolic correlates of circulating cytokine concentrations in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS'] @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin 6'] @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure'] @entity8799 :: ('MESH:D018358', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic and neuroendocrine measurements'] @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral venous tumour necrosis', 'hepatic venous tumour necrosis', 'tumour']
@entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']
