OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of @entity2421 solutions on ureteral relaxation mediated by the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from intramural sensory nerve endings. METHODS: Urine osmolarity of @entity35 drinking water low in salt content (Fiuggi water) or a reference water for 7  days was measured. Release of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity from slices of @entity35 ureter and urinary bladder by @entity2421 solutions was assessed by an immunometric assay. The mechanism through which @entity2421 solutions inhibit neurokinin  A-induced phasic contractions of isolated @entity35 ureters was evaluated by organ bath studies. RESULTS: A 7-day consumption of Fiuggi water in @entity35 reduced urine osmolarity by ~40%. Exposure to @entity2421 solutions released calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity from slices of @entity35 ureter. This response was abated in a @entity460 -free medium, after @entity2951 desensitization, and in the presence of the unselective transient receptor potential channel antagonist, @entity3739 red. Exposure of isolated @entity35 ureteral preparations to a @entity2421 solution inhibited neurokinin  A-evoked phasic contraction. This response was attenuated by @entity2951 desensitization and in the presence of the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist, @entity43938 . Transient receptor potential vanilloid  1 or transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 antagonists did not affect the neurogenic and calcitonin gene-related peptide-dependent relaxation. CONCLUSION: Present data show that @entity2421 solution evokes calcitonin gene-related peptide release from @entity2951 -sensitive intramural sensory nerves, thus inhibiting ureteral contractility, through a transient receptor potential-dependent mechanism. However, this mechanism does not involve transient receptor potential vanilloid  1 or transient receptor potential vanilloid   4. Future studies with appropriate in  vivo models should investigate the hypothesis that hypostenuric urine diffusing into the ureteral tissue might favor ureteral relaxation through this novel mechanism.

Ureteral relaxation through calcitonin gene-related peptide release from sensory nerve terminals by XXXX solution.

@entity43938 :: ('MESH:C058636', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin gene-related peptide8-37'] @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin'] @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium'] @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic'] @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']
@entity2421 :: (MESH:D009123,Disease) :: ['hypotonic']
