Excess body weight (EBW) is an independent risk factor for many @entity1 @entity5 , including @entity5 throughout the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary tract from the esophagus to the colorectum. The relative risk of @entity1820 in @entity28 individuals is approximately 1.5-2.0 times that for normal weight individuals, with organ-specific and gender-specific differences for specific @entity5 . The association between EBW and risk of premalignant stages of @entity344 , such as @entity2513 and @entity355 , is similar, implying a role for EBW during the early stages of @entity105 that could be relevant to preventative strategies. EBW also impacts negatively on @entity1820 outcomes. The mechanistic basis of the association between EBW and @entity105 remains incompletely understood. Postulated mechanisms include @entity10423 (both linked to the @entity209 ), as well as signaling via adipokines, such as leptin. The role of obesity-related changes in the intestinal microbiome in @entity344 deserves further attention. Whether @entity353 leads to @entity96 risk has yet to be fully explored. There is some support for the idea that @entity353 negatively regulates @entity14 . In addition, data suggest a reduction in risk of several @entity5 in the first 10 years after bariatric surgery.

Excess body weight and XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss'] @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese'] @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['Barrett esophagus'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'malignancies'] @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome'] @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['reduced future gastrointestinal and liver cancer'] @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal carcinogenesis'] @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer'] @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinogenesis'] @entity10423 :: ('MESH:C565529', 'Disease') :: ['increased insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling and chronic inflammation'] @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenoma'] @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']
@entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['obesity--the link with gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary cancer']
