BACKGROUND: The alterations in cortical morphology, such as cortical thinning, observed in @entity914 , may be the outcome of interacting genetic and environmental effects. It has been suggested that urban upbringing may represent a proxy environmental effect impacting @entity121 ( @entity121 ). Therefore, the current study examined whether the association between group as a proxy genetic variable ( @entity1 with @entity914 [high genetic risk], healthy siblings of @entity1 [intermediate risk] and healthy control subjects [average risk]) and @entity121 was conditional on different levels of the childhood urban environment and whether this was sex-dependent. METHODS: T1-weighted MRI scans were acquired from 89 @entity1 with a @entity914 , 95 non-psychotic siblings of @entity1 with @entity914 and 87 healthy control subjects. Freesurfer software was used to measure @entity121 . Developmental urban exposure was classified as low, medium, and high, reflecting the population density and the number of moves between birth and the 15th birthday, using data from the Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics and the equivalent database in Belgium. Multilevel regression analyses were used to examine the association between group, sex, and urban upbringing (as well as their interactions) and cortical @entity121 as the dependent variable. RESULTS: @entity121 was significantly smaller in the @entity1 group compared to the controls (B = -0.043, p <0.001), but not in the siblings compared to the controls (B = -0.013, p = 0.31). There was no main effect of developmental urbanicity on @entity121 (B = 0.001, p = 0.91). Neither the three-way group * urbanicity * sex interaction (  2 = 3.73, p = 0.16), nor the two-way group * urbanicity interaction was significant (  2 = 0.51, p = 0.77). CONCLUSION: The negative association between (familial risk for) @entity914 and @entity121 was not moderated by developmental urbanicity, suggesting that reduced @entity121 is not the outcome of familial sensitivity to the proxy environmental factor 'urban upbringing'.

No Evidence of Association between Childhood Urban Environment and Cortical Thinning in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['cortical thickness', 'CT'] @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder']
@entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['Psychotic Disorder']
