AIMS: To determine pathological features that predict survival in @entity1 having repeat craniotomy within 6 months of radiotherapy for high-grade @entity11 (HGG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: HGG @entity1 (World Health Organization grade 3/4) managed with repeat craniotomy within 6 months of completing radiotherapy between 2008 and 2012 were included. Based on the presence of @entity5 cells, the pathology was reported as pathological progression or pathological pseudoprogression. The proliferation index (Ki67) was reported and compared with initial pathology as a percentage change. Tumour @entity39 was estimated as a percentage of the specimen. Overall survival was calculated in months. RESULTS: Of 327 @entity1 managed with HGG, 27 @entity1 underwent repeat craniotomy within 6 months of radiotherapy. The median survival after reoperation was 11 months (95% confidence interval 1-22). Ki67 at reoperation of 0%, 1-9% and >10% was associated with survival with a median survival of 13, 13 and 3 months, respectively (P  =  0.007). Change in Ki67 was also associated with median survival, with <50% reduction median survival 3 months, 50-80% median survival 7 months and >80% reduction median survival 13 months, P  =  0.02. Widespread treatment-related @entity39 improved outcome, with >80% @entity39 having a median survival of 13 months versus 3 months in those with <80% @entity39 (P  =  0.003). CONCLUSION: The presence of @entity5 at repeat craniotomy within 6 months of radiotherapy is not an independent indicator of prognosis. @entity1 with @entity5 that had a low Ki67 had a similar median survival as those with only treatment @entity39 . Reduced proliferation of @entity5 cells and widespread @entity39 may be more important indicators for future outcome.

Proliferation Index Predicts Survival after Second Craniotomy within 6 Months of Adjuvant Radiotherapy for High-grade XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour'] @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']
@entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Glioma']
