There are three members in the natriuretic peptide hormone family, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), @entity3876 ( @entity3876 , brain natriuretic peptide), and @entity21695 ( @entity21695 ), that are involved in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. @entity21695 is found principally in the central nervous system and vascular endothelial cells while ANP and @entity3876 are cardiac hormones. ANP is synthesized mainly in the atria of the normal adult heart, while @entity3876 is produced by both the atria and ventricles. The mechanisms controlling ANP release have been the subject of intense research, and are now fairly well understood. The major determinant of ANP secretion is myocyte stretch. Although much less is known about the factors regulating @entity3876 release from the heart, myocyte stretch has also been reported to stimulate @entity3876 release from both atria and ventricles. However, whether wall stretch acts directly or via factors such as endothelin- , @entity842 , or @entity2178 liberated in response to distension has not been established. Recent studies show that by stimulating endothelin type A receptors endothelin plays an important physiological role as a mediator of acute-volume load-induced ANP secretion from atrial myocytes in conscious animals. In fact, endogenous paracrine/autocrine factors liberated in response to atrial wall stretch rather than direct stretch appears to be responsible for activation of ANP secretion in response to volume load, as evidenced by almost complete blockade of ANP secretion during combined inhibition of endothelin type A/B and @entity2178 receptors. Furthermore, under certain experimental conditions @entity2178 and @entity842 may also exert a significant modulatory effect on stretch-activated ANP secretion. The molecular mechanisms by which @entity2232 , @entity2178 , and @entity842 synergistically regulate stretch-activated ANP release are yet unclear.

Mechanisms of mechanical load-induced atrial natriuretic peptide secretion: role of endothelin, @entity842 , and XXXX .

@entity21695 :: ('4880', 'Gene') :: ['CNP', 'C-type natriuretic peptide'] @entity2232 :: ('1906', 'Gene') :: ['endothelin-1'] @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II'] @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'B-type natriuretic peptide'] @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']
@entity2178 :: (183,Gene) :: ['angiotensin II']
