@entity842 is a potent vasodilator synthesized from @entity534 by @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ). Constitutive @entity3623 in endothelial cells (eNOS) produces transient bursts of NO in low but physiologically effective levels. Activated monocytes and macrophages express @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ), which produces copious quantities of NO. Previous studies showed that NO attenuates pulmonary @entity101 responses induced by i.v. injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cellulose microparticles (MP). The present study determined whether changes in plasma NO concentrations could be used to assess the time course of NO production in response to LPS or MP injections. Broilers were injected i.v. with 1 mL of PBS (control), 1 mL of LPS (1 mg/mL), or 0.4 mL of MP (0.02 g/mL). Plasma samples were collected from 10 different broilers per group at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min and at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h postinjection. Total plasma NO concentrations were analyzed by @entity1507 + @entity3542 assay. After PBS or MP injection, plasma NO levels did not change throughout the 12-h period. @entity842 measured in the plasma increased in LPS-injected broilers from 4.8 +/- 0.8 microM at 15 min to 46.6 +/- 5.7 microM by 4 h postinjection, reached peak levels of 85.1 +/- 10.6 microM at 5 h, and returned to baseline levels similar to PBS-injected broilers by 12 h postinjection. We conclude that LPS triggered widespread @entity3623 expression by circulating monocytes and macrophages, resulting in copious NO production as reflected by significant increases in total plasma NO. Proportionally few monocytes and macrophages responded to MP entrapped in pulmonary arterioles. Consequently, NO produced by @entity3623 in activated leukocytes or by eNOS in the pulmonary vasculature had a minimal impact on total plasma NO. Total plasma NO from broilers did reflect the time course of massive @entity3623 activation in response to LPS, but biologically relevant quantities of NO produced by @entity3623 and eNOS activated during the local inflammatory response to entrapped MPs were too low to affect total plasma NO concentrations.

Plasma XXXX concentrations in broilers after intravenous injections of lipopolysaccharide or microparticles.

@entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive'] @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite'] @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate'] @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['l-Arg'] @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide'] @entity3623 :: ('4843', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NOS', 'NOS', 'iNOS', 'NO synthase']
@entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']
