PURPOSE: To assess longer-term patterns of @entity726 medication adherence and identify whether patterns established during the first year of medication use persist during 3 subsequent years of follow-up. DESIGN: Retrospective, longitudinal cohort analysis. @entity1 : Beneficiaries aged >= 40 years who were enrolled in a United States (US)-managed care plan for >= 7 years between 2001 and 2012 and newly diagnosed and treated for @entity1538 . METHODS: For each enrollee, we quantified medication adherence using the medication possession ratio. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was applied to identify patterns of adherence for 1 and 4 years of follow-up. The percent of beneficiaries who remained in the same trajectory group in the 1- and 4-year models was tabulated to evaluate group stability. Factors impacting adherence at 1 and 4 years were identified using regression analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patterns of @entity726 medication adherence. RESULTS: Of the 1234 eligible beneficiaries, GBTM identified 5 distinct @entity726 medication adherence patterns in both the 1-year and 4-year follow-up periods. These groups were as follows: (1) never adherent after their index prescription fill (7.5% and 15.6% of @entity1 in the 1- and 4-year models, respectively); (2) persistently very poor adherence (14.9% and 23.4% of @entity1 in the 1- and 4-year models, respectively); (3) declining adherence (9.5% and 9.1% of @entity1 in the 1- and 4-year models, respectively); (4) persistently moderate adherence (48.1% and 37.0% of @entity1 in the 1- and 4-year models, respectively); and (5) persistently good adherence (20.0% and 15.0% of @entity1 in the 1- and 4-year models, respectively). More than 90% of beneficiaries in the 4 groups with the worst and best adherence patterns (groups 1, 2, 3, 5) maintained their patterns from their first year throughout their 4 years of follow-up. Those with persistently moderate adherence (group 4), the largest group, were most likely to change groups from 1 to 4 years of follow-up. @entity1 with the best adherence over 4 years were more likely to be white, to be older, to earn > 60 000/year, and to have more eye care visits (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Those with a higher initial copayment cost had lower adherence rates (b  =  -0.06/dollar, P  = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: For most @entity1 who were newly prescribed @entity726 medications, adherence patterns observed in the first year of treatment reflect adherence patterns over the subsequent 3 years. Investing resources in both identifying and helping @entity1 with suboptimal adherence patterns over the first year may have a large impact on longer-term adherence.

Patterns of XXXX Medication Adherence over Four Years of Follow-Up.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons'] @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma'] @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']
@entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']
