UNASSIGNED: The cosmopolitan coccolithophore @entity11588 is a unicellular eukaryotic alga responsible for vast blooms in the ocean. These blooms have immense impact on large biogeochemical cycles and are terminated by a specific large double-stranded DNA @entity11588 virus (EhV, Phycodnaviridae). @entity778 is accompanied by induction of hallmarks of programmed cell death and production of reactive @entity26 species (ROS). Here we characterized alterations in ROS metabolism and explored its role during infection. Transcriptomic analysis of ROS-related genes predicted an increase in @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) and @entity5568 production during infection. In accordance, using biochemical assays and specific fluorescent probes we demonstrated the overproduction of @entity6172 during @entity281 . We also showed that @entity5568 production, rather than @entity224 , is the predominant ROS during the onset of the lytic phase of infection. Using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and multispectral imaging flow cytometry, we showed that the profound co-production of @entity5568 and @entity6172 occurred in the same subpopulation of cells but at different subcellular localization. Positively stained cells for @entity6172 and @entity5568 were highly infected compared with negatively stained cells. Inhibition of ROS production by application of a peroxidase inhibitor or an @entity5568 scavenger inhibited host cell death and reduced viral production. We conclude that @entity1800 induced remodeling of the host antioxidant network that is essential for a successful viral replication cycle. This study provides insight into viral replication strategy and suggests the use of specific cellular markers to identify and quantify the extent of active @entity1800 during @entity11588 blooms in the ocean.The ISME Journal advance online publication, 19 January 2016; doi:10.1038/ismej.2015.228.

Modulation of host ROS metabolism is essential for XXXX of a bloom-forming coccolithophore in the ocean.

@entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['EhV infection'] @entity5568 :: ('D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['H2O2'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione'] @entity6172 :: ('D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['GSH'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['lytic infection'] @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection'] @entity11588 :: ('2903', 'Species') :: ['Emiliania huxleyi', 'E. huxleyi'] @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']
@entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['viral infection']
