@entity3140 after @entity64 is caused by @entity425 , loss of individual joint control, @entity508 , and abnormal synergies. @entity3140 frequently involves abnormal, stereotyped, and fixed synergies, likely related to the increased use of sub-cortical networks following the @entity64 . The flexible coordination of the shoulder and @entity2720 is also disrupted. New methods for motor learning, based on the stimulation of activity-dependent neural plasticity have been developed. These include robots that can adaptively assist active movements and generate many movement repetitions. However, most of these robots only control the movement of the hand in space. The aim of the present text is to analyze the potential of robotic exoskeletons to specifically rehabilitate joint motion and particularly inter-joint coordination. First, a review of studies on @entity3140 in @entity64 @entity1 is presented and the potential for recovery of coordination is examined. Second, issues relating to the mechanical design of exoskeletons and the transmission of constraints between the robotic and @entity1 limbs are discussed. The third section considers the development of different methods to control exoskeletons: existing rehabilitation devices and approaches to the control and rehabilitation of joint coordinations are then reviewed, along with preliminary clinical results available. Finally, perspectives and future strategies for the design of control mechanisms for rehabilitation exoskeletons are discussed.

Robotic exoskeletons: a perspective for the rehabilitation of arm coordination in @entity64 XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human'] @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke'] @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity'] @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness'] @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['Upper-limb movement', 'Upper-limb impairment', 'upper-limb coordination'] @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['elbow joints']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']
