Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neurophysiologic treatment for @entity1 with medically or surgically @entity302 . Since the first @entity1 implant in 1989, more than 10,000 @entity1 have been treated with VNS. The precise mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. Animal experiments with VNS were initially performed to demonstrate efficacy and safety preceding the clinical trials in @entity1 @entity1 . Mechanism of action research involving animal experiments can provide essential clues. Animal experiments are often labor-intensive even in the hands of experienced researchers, however, and the results remain only a reflection of the complicated pathophysiologic systems of the @entity1 brain. Mechanism of action research in @entity1 @entity1 treated with VNS is particularly challenging because of safety concerns, the large number of @entity1 required, and the heterogeneous nature of various small @entity1 series. This study provides an overview of the progress that has been made in the past 10 years through neurophysiologic, neuroanatomic, neurochemical, and cerebral blood flow studies in animals and @entity1 treated with VNS. Further elucidation of the mechanism of action of VNS may increase its clinical efficacy. It may also provide inspiration for the development of new therapeutic modalities for @entity302 .

The mechanism of action of vagus nerve stimulation for XXXX : the current status.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy']
@entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['refractory epilepsy']
