In order to characterize the clinical spectrum of @entity3326 induced @entity304 (NIP), we studied a population of consecutive @entity146 in- @entity1 treated with neuroleptics for at least two weeks, who were diagnosed by their psychiatrist as having @entity304 . @entity304 was confirmed by a @entity717 specialist who performed neurological assessment including the motor examination and the activities of daily living (ADL) sections of the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS), and the Hoehn and Yahr (H_Y) staging. Seventy-five @entity1 (54 males), aged 46 +/- 13 years (range 21 to 73 years) were included in the analysis. The mean duration of neuroleptic therapy was 15 +/- 12 years, while 61% were treated for more than 10 years. Most of the @entity1 (n = 66, 88%) were scored as H_Y stage 2.5 or less. Rest @entity400 was present in 44% of the @entity1 , and usually persisted in action. Forty-one @entity1 (61%) had symmetrical involvement. Parkinsonian signs were significantly more common and pronounced in the upper in comparison with the lower limbs (p = 0.0001). Gait disturbances were mild and freezing of gait was very rare (n = 2). Neither age nor duration of therapy or their interaction affected the total motor score or any of the motor sub-scores. In conclusion, NIP differs from @entity1726 for more bilateral involvement with relative symmetry, and by affecting upper limbs more often than the lower ones. NIP tends to be associated with the triad of @entity2845 , @entity400 and @entity2003 while @entity1726 tends to involve gait and posture more often. NIP develops unrelated to duration of neuroleptic treatment or age of the @entity1 , suggesting an individual predisposition to blockage of the dopaminergic receptors.

Clinical characteristics of @entity3326 induced XXXX .

@entity3326 :: ('MESH:D009459', 'Disease') :: ['neuroleptic-'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigidity'] @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism', 'parkinsonism'] @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric'] @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease"] @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia'] @entity1726 :: ('OMIM:168600', 'Disease') :: ['PD'] @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['tremor'] @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']
@entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['parkinsonism']
