Retraction artifact resulting in clear spaces around @entity5 cell nests is frequently seen in histologic material and may present difficulty in their differentiation from @entity3 . We noticed that retraction artifact seemed to be more common around groups of @entity0 cells compared with benign acini, and when extensively present, @entity3 to axillary lymph nodes was often seen. Thus, we performed a study of 304 cases of stage @entity2558 and pT2 @entity0 to test our hypothesis that extensive retraction artifact in @entity5 correlates with lymphatic spread and outcome. @entity5 were evaluated to determine the presence and extent of retraction artifact around @entity5 cell nests and the presence of lymphatic invasion. Lymphatic invasion was confirmed by D2-40 immunostaining. The extent of retraction artifact in @entity5 was correlated with clinicopathologic @entity5 features and @entity1 outcome. Variable degree of retraction artifact was present in 183 of 304 (60%) invasive @entity189 , with its extent ranging from 0% to 90% (median 5%). The extent of retraction artifact showed a significant correlation with @entity5 size, histologic type, histologic grade, presence of @entity3 , and nodal @entity3 . Further, extensive retraction artifact was significantly associated with poor overall and disease-free survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. We propose that the apparent retraction of the stroma from cells of invasive @entity0 on routine histologic sections is not a phenomenon merely due to inadequate fixation as currently believed. Rather, it likely signifies important biologic changes that alter @entity5 and contribute to lymphatic spread and @entity5 progression.

Extensive retraction artifact correlates with lymphatic invasion and nodal XXXX and predicts poor outcome in early stage @entity0 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient'] @entity2558 :: ('58492', 'Gene') :: ['pT1'] @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors', 'tumor-stromal interactions'] @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'lymphovascular invasion']
@entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']
