Previous studies have demonstrated that insulin and @entity2135 both @entity2915 (LSNA) and decrease @entity551 ( @entity551 ). We hypothesized that the peripheral responses to insulin and @entity2135 are mediated, at least in part, via the central nervous system. In this study we determined the effects of the peripheral administration of both insulin and @entity2135 on cardiovascular dynamics and LSNA following removal of the area postrema (APX), a major site of blood-brain communication. Insulin infusion in normal @entity35 decreased @entity551 but increased HR and LSNA. When insulin was infused in APX @entity35 it also decreased the @entity551 but the @entity551 recovered rapidly and plateaued at a level equivalent to normals after 40 min. Insulin significantly increased the HR and LSNA in the APX @entity35 compared to normals. However, when @entity4053 was prevented by @entity413 infusion, the HR and LSNA responses to insulin in the APX @entity35 were similar to normals. @entity2135 also decreased @entity551 and to a greater extent in the APX @entity35 compared to normals but the increased LSNA in APX @entity35 was equivalent to normals. The APX @entity35 when compared to normals had a greater sensitivity to insulin-induced @entity4053 while @entity2135 decreased the plasma @entity413 to a lesser degree in APX @entity35 . We conclude that insulin and @entity2135 entry into the CNS at least via the area postrema does not contribute significantly to the @entity551 response and that the greater depressor response to @entity2135 is likely due to enhanced vascular sensitivity in APX @entity35 . The increased HR and LSNA following insulin were likely mediated by an increased reflexive response to @entity4053 .

The effect of the removal of the area postrema on insulin and XXXX -induced cardiovascular and sympathetic nervous responses.

@entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia'] @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-1'] @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['increase lumbar sympathetic nerve activity'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats'] @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'MAP', 'mean arterial pressure'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']
@entity2135 :: (24482(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['IGF-1']
