BACKGROUND: Sleep-related @entity387 are common and often are associated with @entity455 such as @entity101 , @entity301 and @entity64 . The most widely studied form of these @entity27 . @entity1 usually are diagnosed with @entity27 years after the onset of symptoms, which generally are nonspecific and include excessive @entity25 , chronic fatigue and habitual snoring. The risk factors for @entity387 are @entity28 , advancing age, male sex and @entity17323 . This review focuses on the diagnosis and @entity27 and, specifically, on the utility of oral appliances in the management of this disorder. METHODS: The review is based on a MEDLINE search for articles in English on this topic. The article discusses results of randomized studies and prospective case series. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Several treatment options are quite effective. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure, with an overall acceptance rate of 70 percent, is the most widely used treatment modality. Maxillofacial surgery, although effective, is reserved for @entity1 who have not responded to the more conventional therapies. Newer methods include application of oral appliances. Oral appliances have been shown to alleviate the severity of @entity1576 during sleep by about 60 percent, with an overall acceptance rate of 75 percent. The long-term complications generally are minor and are related to occlusal changes and temporomandibular joint discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: With the advent of oral appliances, dentists are increasingly involved in managing the care of @entity1 with sleep-related @entity387 . Further studies are needed to determine the long-term complications of this type of intervention for the treatment of sleep-related @entity387 .

The role of oral appliances in treating XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke'] @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hypertension'] @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea', 'breathing disorders'] @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease'] @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity'] @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'disorders is obstructive sleep apnea', 'treatment of obstructive sleep apnea'] @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disturbances'] @entity17323 :: ('MESH:D019767', 'Disease') :: ['maxillofacial abnormalities'] @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']
@entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']
