UNASSIGNED: Leishmania parasites are the causative agents of @entity232 , a neglected tropical disease that causes substantial morbidity and considerable mortality in many developing areas of the world. Recent estimates suggest that roughly 10 million @entity1 suffer from @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ), and approximately 76,000 are afflicted with @entity234 ( @entity234 ), which is universally fatal without treatment. Efforts to develop therapeutics and vaccines have been greatly hampered by an incomplete understanding of the parasite's biology and a lack of clear protective correlates that must be met in order to achieve immunity. Although parasites grow and divide preferentially in macrophages, a number of other cell types interact with and internalize Leishmania parasites, including monocytes, dendritic cells, and neutrophils. Neutrophils appear to be especially important shortly after parasites are introduced into the skin, and may serve a dual protective and permissive role during the establishment of @entity281 . Curiously, neutrophil recruitment to the site of @entity281 appears to continue into the chronic phase of disease, which may persist for many years. The immunological impact of these cells during chronic @entity232 is unclear at this time. In this review we discuss the ways in which neutrophils have been observed to prevent and promote the establishment of @entity281 , examine the role of anti-neutrophil antibodies in @entity19 models of @entity232 , and consider recent findings that neutrophils may play a previously-unrecognized role in influencing chronic parasite persistence. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Permissive and protective roles for neutrophils in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse'] @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['VL', 'visceral leishmaniasis'] @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection'] @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis', 'CL']
@entity232 :: (MESH:D007896,Disease) :: ['leishmaniasis']
