@entity1 with @entity27 experience repetitive @entity25 , with consequent @entity519 and @entity2944 . @entity519 and @entity2944 , acting via the chemoreflexes, elicit increases in sympathetic nerve activity. The sympathetic responses to @entity519 and @entity2944 are potentiated during @entity386 , when the sympathetic inhibitory influence of the thoracic afferent nerves is eliminated. As a consequence of the sympathetic vasoconstrictor response to @entity137 , @entity1 with @entity27 manifest marked increases in blood pressure during sleep, especially evident at the end of the @entity386 . The increases in sympathetic activity and blood pressure during sleep in these @entity1 appear to carry over into the daytime such that @entity1 with @entity387 have an increased prevalence of @entity101 and high levels of sympathetic nerve activity. Although the mechanism underlying the persistent elevation in sympathetic activity during the daytime is not known, it is likely that the increased sympathetic drive is implicated in the higher daytime blood pressures in these @entity1 . Whereas @entity1 with @entity387 have an increased prevalence of @entity101 , in those @entity1 with @entity387 who do have @entity101 , the sympathetic response to @entity137 may be potentiated. This may be secondary to @entity73 , since the baroreflexes exert an inhibitory influence on the chemoreflex responses to @entity519 . Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure results in an acute reduction in blood pressure and sympathetic activity during sleep. Prolonged effective treatment of @entity387 may also reduce daytime blood pressure levels. This review examines the physiology of the chemoreflex responses to @entity519 , @entity2944 and @entity386 , as well as the physiologic responses to sleep in normal @entity1 . These physiologic responses are compared with the pathophysiologic sympathetic and hemodynamic responses that @entity27 . Increases in sympathetic activity and blood pressure in @entity1 with @entity27 may play a role in linking @entity387 to @entity101 and @entity299 .

The sympathetic nervous system and @entity27 : implications for XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['apneic events'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension'] @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia'] @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea'] @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired baroreflex sensitivity'] @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['characterize obstructive sleep apnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea'] @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and vascular events'] @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['apneic events during sleep'] @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea']
@entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']
