BACKGROUND: Experience-dependent plasticity is confined to the critical period of early postnatal life, and declines dramatically thereafter. This attenuation promotes the stabilization of cortical circuits, but also limits functional recovery of several @entity75 . The cognitive functions and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are elevated following chronic @entity1760 treatment. Here, we explored the effect of @entity1760 treatment on visual plasticity and the potential clinical significance. RESULTS: Visual plasticity in adult @entity19 was dramatically enhanced following @entity1760 treatment, which was concurrent with an increase in the expression of NR2 subunits of @entity3391 receptors. Blockade of @entity13430 activity in both the induction and expression periods of plasticity prevented this reinstatement. However, the plasticity restored via a decrease in cortical inhibition was independent on the activation of @entity13430 , indicating a different underlying mechanism. The functional excitatory synapses on layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons were increased following @entity1760 supplementation. Moreover, the synaptic and neuronal responses were reminiscent of that within the critical period, and this rejuvenation of adult visual cortex facilitated the recovery of visual functions in @entity4457 . CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data reveal two distinct mechanisms underlying the restoration of visual plasticity in adulthood, and the rejuvenation of adult visual cortex following @entity1760 treatment provides a new avenue to develop clinical therapies for adult @entity4457 , as well as to explore plasticity-based treatment of other @entity75 , such as @entity64 and @entity2026 .

The distinct role of XXXX subunit in the enhancement of visual plasticity in adulthood.

@entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke'] @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain diseases'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity3391 :: ('D016202', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate'] @entity13430 :: ('14812(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['NR2B'] @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['aphasia'] @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia'] @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']
@entity13430 :: (14812(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['NR2B']
