BACKGROUND: @entity1091 ( @entity8357 ) is an invaluable drug for the treatment of @entity162 . Long-term @entity8357 use is associated with renal complications including the formation of uncomplicated @entity8 caused by proliferation and expansion of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) cells. We report six @entity1 with complicated @entity8 in the context of @entity8357 @entity8 . METHODS: Over a time period of 15 years, we have identified six @entity1 with one or more solid @entity703 in our population of approximately 50 @entity1 with chronic @entity8357 @entity8 . In this study we describe the clinical and pathological characteristics of these @entity8357 -related @entity5 . RESULTS: All @entity1 were on @entity8357 therapy for over 10 years and suffered from varying degrees of @entity8357 @entity8 . The @entity5 were all of @entity1358 origin and comprised both @entity1637 and @entity1358 . The @entity1358 differed from the very rare "classical" @entity1358 in histological appearance, multifocal presentation and non-aggressive clinical behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: The increased incidence of @entity1358 derived @entity5 and atypical @entity1358 in @entity1 with chronic @entity8357 @entity8 suggests that @entity8357 predisposes to the development of these @entity5 . We hypothesize that prolonged stimulation of @entity1358 cell proliferation and expansion by @entity8357 not only causes cyst formation, but can eventually induce the formation of @entity652 and @entity189 . Increased awareness of a possible relationship between chronic @entity8357 therapy and @entity703 , will enhance the knowledge on epidemiology, clinical behavior and optimal therapy for the @entity8357 -related @entity703 .

@entity703 of @entity1358 origin in XXXX on chronic @entity1091 therapy.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal cysts'] @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytomas'] @entity8357 :: ('D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Li'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours'] @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas'] @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['CD carcinomas', 'presentation of CD cell carcinomas', 'CD', 'CD cell carcinomas', 'collecting duct carcinomas', 'collecting duct'] @entity1091 :: ('MESH:D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium'] @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas'] @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal neoplasms', 'renal tumours']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']
