Currently, there is a growing emphasis on wastewater reclamation and reuse all over the world due to restricted water resources. Among a variety of wastewater reuse technologies, the use of @entity231 ( @entity231 ) is one of the popular processes because it has the ability to successfully eliminate particulates and colloidal matters. However, successful fouling control is not easy because effluents from the activated sludge process still contain small particulates and colloidal matters such as @entity3144 ( @entity3144 ) and soluble microbial products (SMP). On the other hand, microbubbles have advantageous properties compared to common bubbles, but there hasn't been reporting of the use of microbubbles in physical cleaning instead of aeration. Encouraging results were obtained herein through the application of microbubbles for physical cleaning. In evaluation of the cleaning efficiency, the efficiency of microbubbles was observed to be twice as high as that of aeration, except during the course of the initial 30  min. Total organic @entity505 (TOC) concentration of the membrane tank after treatment with microbubbles was more than twice as high as that after aeration for physical cleaning. The membrane cleaned with microbubbles also had the smoothest surface, with a roughness of 42.5  nm. In addition, microbubbles were found to effectively remove @entity3144 and make the structure of the gel layer loose. In particular, the microbubbles had the ability to remove proteins through the effect of pyrolytic decomposition. Therefore, in FT-IR spectra of the membrane surfaces taken before and after physical cleaning, while each treatment showed similar peak positions, the peak values of the membrane treated with microbubbles were the lowest. Through various analyses, it was confirmed that microbubbles can remove foulants on the gel layer in spite of their very low shear force. This means that microbubble cleaning has full potential for use as a physical cleaning method in the wastewater reclamation process.

Influence of microbubble in physical cleaning of XXXX membrane process for wastewater reuse.

@entity505 :: ('MESH:D002244', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon'] @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['EPS', 'extracellular polymeric substance'] @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['microfiltration membranes', 'MF']
@entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['MF']
