BACKGROUND: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is an important step in the process of @entity5 dissemination and @entity3 outside the primary organ, but the relationship between LVI and the prognosis of T1 non-muscle invasive @entity150 (NMIBC) has not been fully evaluated. Accordingly, the present study was performed to evaluate whether LVI had an impact on the clinical outcome in @entity1 with T1 NMIBC. METHODS: A total of 116 consecutive @entity1 were diagnosed with T1 NMIBC from 1994 to 2013 at Keio University Hospital. All cases were reviewed by a single uro-pathologist. The prognostic significance of LVI was assessed in relation to recurrence and stage progression. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 53 months. LVI was histologically confirmed in 30 @entity1 (25.9%). There were no significant differences of clinical features between the @entity1 with and without LVI. In T1 @entity1 , univariate analysis demonstrated that LVI positivity was associated with stage progression (p = 0.003), but not with @entity5 recurrence (p = 0.192). Multivariate analysis confirmed that LVI was independently associated with stage progression (p = 0.006, hazard ratio = 4.00). In 85 @entity1 who received BCG instillation, LVI was independently associated with both @entity5 recurrence and stage progression (p = 0.036 and 0.024, hazard ratio = 2.19 and 3.76). CONCLUSIONS: LVI is a strong indicator of an increased risk of recurrence and progression in BCG-treated @entity1 with T1 NMIBC. This information might assist clinicians to develop appropriate management and counseling strategies for these @entity1 .

Lymphovascular invasion status at transurethral resection of XXXX may predict subsequent poor response of T1 @entity5 to bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin.

@entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']
@entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumors']
