OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive effects of Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) on persistent inflammatory hypernociception induced by @entity625 in the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) of @entity35 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity35 were induced to persistent inflammatory hypernociception in the left @entity1348 . Then, animals were treated with intra- @entity1348 injections of BoNT-A, using doses of 3.5, 7 and 14 U/kg. Saline was used as control group. Behavioral tests were applied to evaluated the effect of BoNT-A in the inflammatory hypernociception. After that, animals were euthanized and samples from peri-articular tissues and trigeminal ganglia were obtained for further analyses. RESULTS: BoNT-A reduced the persistent inflammatory hypernociception induced by @entity625 in the @entity1348 of @entity35 . BoNT-A significantly reduced the peripheral release of the neurotransmitters Substance P and @entity4655 gene related peptide; and the pro-inflammatory cytokine @entity3426 . Otherwise, BoNT-A had no effect in the peripheral release of @entity3264 and the cytokine @entity1505 . CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that intra-articular injection of BoNT-A reduces the albumin-induced @entity625 persistent hypernociception in @entity1348 of @entity35 by peripheral inhibition of neuropeptides release.

Botulinum toxin type A reduces inflammatory hypernociception induced by @entity625 in the temporomadibular joint of XXXX .

@entity3264 :: ('D018698', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate'] @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis'] @entity1505 :: ('24835(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TNF-a'] @entity3426 :: ('24494(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1b'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Wistar rats', 'rats'] @entity4655 :: ('24241(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Calcitonin'] @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']
