OBJECTIVES: Pistachio nut ingestion (3 oz./d, two weeks) was tested for effects on exercise performance and 21-h post-exercise recovery from @entity32 , oxidative stress, @entity1200 , and metabolite shifts. METHODS: Using a randomized, crossover approach, cyclists (N=19) engaged in two 75-km time trials after 2-weeks pistachio or no pistachio supplementation, with a 2-week washout period. Subjects came to the lab in an overnight fasted state, and ingested water only or 3 oz. pistachios with water before and during exercise. Blood samples were collected 45 min pre-exercise, and immediately post-, 1.5-h post-, and 21-h post-exercise, and analyzed for plasma cytokines, @entity1851 (CRP), @entity37336 (F2-IsoP), granulocyte phagocytosis (GPHAG) and oxidative burst activity (GOBA), and shifts in metabolites. RESULTS: Performance time for the 75-km time trial was 4.8% slower under pistachio conditions (2.84  0.11 and 2.71  0.07 h, respectively, P=0.034). Significant time effects were shown for plasma cytokines, CRP, F2-IsoP, GPHAG, and GOBA, with few group differences. Metabolomics analysis revealed 423 detectable compounds of known identity, with significant interaction effects for 19 metabolites, especially @entity9592 , (12Z)-9,10-Dihydroxyoctadec-12-enoate ( @entity68398 ), and @entity969 . Dietary intake of @entity9592 was 2.19  0.15 and 0.35  0.08 mg/d during the pistachio and no pistachio periods, and metabolomics revealed that colon @entity9592 and @entity969 translocated to the circulation during exercise due to increased gut permeability. The post-exercise increase in plasma @entity9592 correlated significantly with 9,10-DiHOME and other oxidative stress metabolites. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, 2-weeks pistachio nut ingestion was associated with reduced 75-km cycling time trial performance and increased post-exercise plasma levels of @entity9592 , @entity969 , and metabolites related to leukotoxic effects and oxidative stress. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01821820.

Influence of pistachios on performance and exercise-induced XXXX , oxidative stress, @entity1200 , and metabolite shifts in cyclists: a randomized, crossover trial.

@entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity9592 :: ('MESH:D011887', 'Chemical') :: ['raffinose'] @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction'] @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose'] @entity68398 :: ('CHEBI:72663', 'Chemical') :: ['9,10-DiHOME'] @entity37336 :: ('MESH:D028441', 'Chemical') :: ['F2-isoprostanes'] @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']
@entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']
