In Germany, 36% of all new chronic dialysis @entity1 have @entity2316 . The majority are type 2 diabetics. Early intervention has the greatest effect. Incipient @entity8 can be diagnosed by evidence of microalbuminuria (30-300 mg albumin/g @entity1011 ). @entity644 on the standard test strip (>300 mg/g) indicates manifest @entity8 followed by progressive @entity177 . Important cofactors for progression are @entity101 , @entity4854 , and smoking. Low normal blood pressure levels (<130/80 mmHg without and <125/75 mmHG with @entity644 ) based on ACE inhibitors/AT1 blockers are the goal. Combination therapies are frequently necessary. This can often reverse microalbuminuria. @entity177 requires special attention (e.g. bone metabolism, @entity417 , @entity520 ). Timely initiation of renal replacement therapy (GFR <15 ml/min) reduces morbidity and mortality. In addition to hemo- and peritoneal dialysis, early kidney and in individual cases of type 1 @entity6 combined kidney/pancreas transplantation is appropriate.

[Diagnostics and therapy of XXXX nephrology].

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria', 'Proteinuria'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension'] @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anemia'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes'] @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy'] @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'Chronic renal failure'] @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis'] @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine'] @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']
@entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']
