The endothelin (ET) system has been studied extensively in experimental models of progressive @entity740 , but there is limited information regarding the ET system in renal @entity1 . First, the expression of @entity1 @entity2232 , as well as ET receptor type A (ET-R(A)) and ET-R(B), was studied in 26 renal biopsies from @entity1 with different @entity8 . Gene expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Second, @entity69553 protein expression and localization were examined, by immunohistochemical analyses, among a homogeneous cohort of 16 @entity1 with @entity8 and different degrees of @entity644 . ET-R(B) mRNA expression was threefold higher among @entity1 with higher-grade @entity644 [> or =2 g/24 h, n = 10; @entity5771 ratio (ODR), i.e., wild-type/mutant mRNA ratio, 1.81 +/- 0.3], compared with @entity1 with lower-grade @entity644 (<2 g/24 h, n = 8; ODR, 0.63 +/- 0.1; P < 0.01) or control subjects (n = 9; ODR, 0.57 +/- 0.1; P < 0.01). @entity2232 gene expression was significantly higher among @entity1 with higher-grade @entity644 , compared with @entity1 with lower-grade @entity644 (P < 0.01) or control subjects (P < 0.05). ET-R(A) mRNA expression was not different among the groups. @entity1 with higher-grade @entity644 who were receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower @entity2232 and ET-R(B) mRNA expression, which was comparable to that of control subjects. By using immunohistochemical analyses, an association between @entity644 and expression of @entity2232 and ET-R(B) in proximal tubular epithelial cells and of @entity2232 in glomeruli was confirmed in the separate cohort of @entity1 with @entity8 . It is concluded that the increased ET-R(B) and @entity2232 mRNA and protein expression observed in animal models of @entity8 is also demonstrable among @entity1 with @entity8 and high-grade @entity644 .

Renal @entity69553 expression in @entity8 with XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients'] @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases', 'IgA nephropathy', 'renal disease'] @entity2232 :: ('1906', 'Gene') :: ['ET-1'] @entity69553 :: ('1906;1910', 'Gene') :: ['ET-1 and ET-R(B)'] @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal disease'] @entity5771 :: ('OMIM:165800', 'Disease') :: ['OD']
@entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']
