UNASSIGNED: Despite the routine collection of oocytes from @entity1238 ( @entity1238 ) for use in research, few studies have evaluated methods for preparing their skin for surgery. We evaluated 3 skin preparatory agents by examining their antibacterial efficacy and the gross and microscopic appearance of @entity1238 skin after exposure. Frogs (n = 14) were sedated and treated (contact time, 10 min) with 0.9% sterile @entity4202 on one-half of the ventrum and with 0.5% @entity4279 or 0.75% @entity1216 on the other half. Bacterial cultures were obtained before and after skin treatment; bacteria were identified by mass spectrometry. To assess @entity32 and degenerative changes, the incision sites were photographed and biopsied at 0, 1, and 7 d after surgery. We isolated at least 22 genera of bacteria from the skin of our frog population (mean    SE, 5.21    0.82 genera per frog). @entity1496 (2.00    0.44 genera) and @entity1216 (0.29    0.76 genera) both had greater antimicrobial activity than did saline. Skin erythema did not correlate with treatment group. Histologic evidence of @entity528 and @entity39 was greater on days 1 and 7 after @entity1216 treatment than after @entity1496 or saline. In addition, frogs treated with @entity1216 had a higher incidence of clinical illness associated with the exposure site. In summary, although @entity1216 has adequate antimicrobial activity against organisms on @entity1238 skin, it leads to @entity272 and subsequent clinical complications. We therefore do not recommend @entity1216 as a preoperative preparation agent in @entity1238 .

Evaluation of Presurgical Skin Preparation Agents in XXXX ( @entity1238 ).

@entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity1496 :: ('MESH:D007455', 'Chemical') :: ['iodine', 'Iodine'] @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['African clawed frogs', 'Xenopus laevis', 'Xenopus', 'X. laevis'] @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis'] @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone-iodine'] @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin damage'] @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal degeneration'] @entity4202 :: ('D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['NaCl']
@entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['African Clawed Frogs']
