AIMS: Testis-sparing surgery might benefit quality of life, but can only be applied with histological examination for the presence of invasive @entity5 in situ ( @entity2735 ). Currently, diagnosis is based on @entity982 -embedded tissue, therefore a delay in further surgery is mainly unavoidable. The aim was to develop an intraoperative assessment technique using alkaline phosphatase as a marker. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 4093 snap-frozen samples and matched @entity982 -embedded tissue of 1500 @entity1 were included. Besides standard @entity6175 and @entity1711 (H_E) staining, the direct enzymatic alkaline phosphatase reactivity ( @entity44280 ) test (duration 15 min) was applied on frozen sections, while H_E and immunohistochemistry for detection of @entity4729 , a-fetoprotein, @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and cytokeratin was performed on the @entity982 -embedded slides. Endothelial cells served as control for the @entity44280 test. Positive staining was found in all @entity2735 (n=965), @entity4797 (n=1035) and @entity189 (n=584), either intratubular, microinvasive or invasive. Differentiated @entity4797 (n=1238) showed variable staining. No staining was identified in spermatocytic @entity4797 (n=5), @entity706 (n=42), testicular @entity980 (n=7), @entity5 (n=31), Sertoli-cell-only nodules (n=4), (epi) @entity48 (n=16), normal testicular parenchyma (n=116), @entity4115 (n=32) and @entity32 of the epididymis (n=19). The @entity44280 test results matched H_E-stained parallel sections, as well @entity982 -embedded tissue analysis, including immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity44280 test is an informative, reproducible and easy tool to diagnose @entity2735 , (intratubular and microinvasive) @entity189 on frozen tissue sections, being of great value in the context of sparing surgery.

Diagnosis of @entity189 in situ '(intratubular and microinvasive)' XXXX using direct enzymatic alkaline phosphatase reactivity on frozen histological sections.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients'] @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcomas'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity4729 :: ('5460', 'Gene') :: ['OCT3/4'] @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS'] @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['testicular lymphomas'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Leydig cell tumours', 'germ cell tumour components, and the precursor carcinoma'] @entity4115 :: ('MESH:D013086', 'Disease') :: ['testicular torsion'] @entity1711 :: ('MESH:D004801', 'Chemical') :: ['eosin'] @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma', 'seminoma and embryonal carcinoma'] @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cyst'] @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin'] @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin'] @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminoma', 'seminomas', 'non-seminomas'] @entity44280 :: ('36001(Tax:7227)', 'Gene') :: ['dAP']
@entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['seminoma and embryonal carcinoma']
