BACKGROUND AND AIMS: As dietary @entity1718 are associated with @entity65 , a potentially interesting strategy to reduce disease risk is modification of the quality of fat consumed. Vegetable oils represent an attractive target for intervention, as they largely determine the intake of dietary fats. Furthermore, besides potential health effects conferred by the type of @entity1718 in a vegetable oil, other minor components (e.g. phytochemicals) may also have health benefits. Here, we investigated the potential long-term health effects of isocaloric substitution of dietary fat (i.e. partial replacement of saturated by unsaturated fats), as well as putative additional effects of phytochemicals present in unrefined (virgin) oil on development of @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) and associated @entity731 . For this, we used pumpkin seed oil, because it is high in @entity1474 and a rich source of phytochemicals. METHODS: ApoE*3Leiden @entity19 were fed a Western-type diet (CON) containing @entity6353 butter (15% w/w) and @entity165 (1% w/w) for 20 weeks to induce risk factors and disease endpoints. In separate groups, @entity6353 butter was replaced by refined (REF) or virgin (VIR) pumpkin seed oil (comparable in @entity844 composition, but different in phytochemical content). RESULTS: Both oils improved dyslipidaemia, with decreased (V)LDL- @entity165 and @entity412 levels in comparison with CON, and additional @entity165 -lowering effects of VIR over REF. While REF did not affect plasma inflammatory markers, VIR reduced circulating serum amyloid A and soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1. @entity1561 and @entity731 development was modestly reduced in REF, and VIR strongly @entity1560 and @entity32 as well as @entity731 area and severity. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we show that an isocaloric switch from a diet rich in saturated fat to a diet rich in unsaturated fat can @entity1561 and @entity731 development. Phytochemical-rich virgin pumpkin seed oil exerts additional anti-inflammatory effects resulting in more pronounced health effects.

Replacement of Dietary Saturated Fat by PUFA-Rich Pumpkin Seed Oil Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and XXXX Development, with Additional Health Effects of Virgin over Refined Oil.

@entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid'] @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['decreased liver steatosis'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids'] @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD', 'attenuate NAFLD'] @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride'] @entity6353 :: ('3641', 'Species') :: ['cocoa'] @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesion'] @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids', 'saturated fatty acids'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic and cardiovascular disease'] @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']
@entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']
