@entity66 , such as @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) and @entity4697 , are disproportionately prevalent in females. However, the biological mechanism underlying these sex differences in the prevalence rate remains unclear. In the present study, we examined sex differences in fear memory, fear extinction, and spontaneous recovery of fear. We investigated the presence of sex differences in recent and remote fear memory in @entity19 using contextual fear conditioning, as well as sex differences in spontaneous recovery of fear memory using a consecutive fear extinction paradigm. We examined the number of fear extinction days required to prevent spontaneous recovery of fear in either sex. We investigated whether ovariectomy affected fear extinction and spontaneous recovery. We also measured the activation of @entity8837 in the dorsal hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex following fear extinction sessions. In our results, we found no sex difference in recent or remote fear memory. However, females required more fear extinction sessions compared to males to prevent spontaneous recovery. Within-extinction freezing also differed between males and females. Moreover, females required more extinction sessions than males to increase @entity13436 phosphorylation in the dorsal hippocampus. Our data suggest that contextual fear extinction was unstable in females compared to males and that such sex differences may be related to the @entity13436 phosphorylation in the hippocampus.

Sex differences in fear extinction and involvements of XXXX ( @entity13436 ).

@entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Stress-related disorders'] @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorders'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD'] @entity13436 :: ('26413(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ERK2'] @entity8837 :: ('26417;26413', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and 2']
@entity13436 :: (26413(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase']
