BACKGROUND: Although the @entity652 to @entity189 pathway in @entity14 is well described, the mechanisms of @entity105 in the small intestine remain unclear. AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate candidate genes in the genetic pathway of @entity420 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 21 non-familial, @entity420 of the small intestine were analysed. DNA was extracted from @entity406 fixed paraffin wax embedded tissue using standard techniques. The @entity124 ( @entity124 ) status was determined by amplification of BAT26. The mutation cluster region (MCR) of the @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) gene was screened using polymerase chain reaction single strand conformational polymorphism and direct sequencing. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin fixed @entity982 wax embedded tissue using monoclonal antibodies for @entity6756 , @entity4311 , @entity3546 , @entity5962 , and @entity876 . RESULTS: Fourteen male and seven female @entity1 with a median age of 64 years (range 21-85) presented with @entity420 (10), jejunum (7), and ileum (4). One @entity5 (5%) was found to be @entity124 +, and all @entity5 stained positive for @entity6756 and @entity4311 . No mutations were detected in the MCR of the @entity1412 gene. @entity3546 showed increased nuclear expression with loss of membranous staining in 10 @entity5 (48%). Absent or decreased membrane expression of @entity5962 was found in eight @entity5 (38%). Strong staining of @entity876 was found in the nucleus of five @entity5 (24%). CONCLUSION: We did not detect mutations in the MCR of the @entity1412 gene, and this suggests that @entity420 may follow a different genetic pathway to @entity14 . Abnormal expression of @entity5962 and @entity3546 was common and reflects an early alternative to @entity1412 in this pathway in which mutations may be found in @entity420 .

An insight into the genetic pathway of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity6756 :: ('4292', 'Gene') :: ['hMLH1'] @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['RER', 'replication error'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours'] @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyposis coli', 'APC'] @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin'] @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma'] @entity4311 :: ('4436', 'Gene') :: ['hMSH2'] @entity5962 :: ('999', 'Gene') :: ['E-cadherin'] @entity3546 :: ('1499', 'Gene') :: ['beta-catenin', 'beta-Catenin'] @entity876 :: ('7157', 'Gene') :: ['p53'] @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin'] @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer'] @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma'] @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis'] @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the small intestine', 'non-ampullary adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma of the duodenum']
@entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the small intestine']
