Persistent @entity281 with high-risk @entity1 papillomaviruses (HPVs) induce @entity75 of the lower genital tract. Some of these lesions eventually progress to invasive @entity5 , particularly of the uterine cervix. In many advanced @entity1613 and most derived @entity189 , HPV genomes are found to be integrated into the host cell chromosomes. Although HPV integration seems to play an important role in the progression of @entity3799 , the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. To investigate the pathogenic role of genomic integration of HPV genomes in greater detail, we analysed integration sites of @entity1799 and 18 genomes in 21 anogenital precancerous and @entity5 using a ligation-mediated chain reaction (DIPS) and the recently described amplification of @entity1185 virus oncogene transcripts (APOT) assay. On the genomic level, only singular integration events were observed in individual neoplastic cell clones. At many integration sites, a short overlap between HPV and genomic sequences was observed, suggesting that the integration of HPV genomes is mediated by nonhomologous sequence-specific recombination. APOT analysis revealed that the majority of integrated HPV genomes was actively transcribed. These data suggest that in the progression of cervical @entity189 , integration of viral genomes occurs only at single or few chromosomal loci in a given cell clone. Disruption of cellular genes might support malignant transformation in rare cases; however, it is not a pathogenic prerequisite. The main function of HPV integration seems to be the stabilization of oncogene transcription.

A comprehensive analysis of HPV integration loci in XXXX combining transcript and genome-based amplification techniques.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous lesions', 'cancers'] @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papilloma'] @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'preneoplasia to invasive carcinomas'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections'] @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical dysplasia'] @entity1799 :: ('333760', 'Species') :: ['HPV16'] @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic cervical lesions']
@entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['anogenital lesions']
