BACKGROUND: Although @entity3604 present an enormous health burden, it is not clear whether screening to identify high-risk @entity1 is appropriate. PURPOSE: To examine evidence on the benefits and harms of screening postmenopausal @entity1 for @entity170 . DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (1966 to May 2001), HealthSTAR (1975 to May 2001), and Cochrane databases; reference lists; and experts. STUDY SELECTION: English-language abstracts that included original data about postmenopausal @entity1 and @entity170 and addressed the effectiveness of risk factor assessment, bone density tests, or treatment were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Selected information about @entity1 population, interventions, clinical end points, and study design were extracted, and a set of criteria was applied to evaluate study quality. DATA SYNTHESIS: No trials of the effectiveness of screening have been published. Instruments developed to assess clinical risk factors for low bone density or @entity174 have moderate to high sensitivity and low specificity. Among different bone density tests measured at various sites, bone density measured at the femoral neck by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry is the best predictor of @entity173 . @entity1 with low bone density have approximately a 40% to 50% reduction in @entity174 risk when treated with @entity171 . CONCLUSIONS: Population screening would be based on evidence that the risk for @entity170 and @entity174 increases with age, that the short-term risk for @entity174 can be estimated by bone density tests and risk factors, and that @entity174 risk can be reduced with treatment. The role of risk factor assessment and different bone density techniques, frequency of screening, and identification of subgroups for which screening is most effective remain unclear.

Screening for XXXX : a review of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.

@entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Women', 'persons'] @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates'] @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture'] @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis'] @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']
@entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis']
