BACKGROUND: @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) are @entity1778 with increasing incident rates worldwide, but very limited treatment options. Little is known about small regulatory RNAs and how they contribute to pathogenesis, progression and transcriptome changes in @entity4289 . METHODS: @entity1 ' primary marrow cells were screened for short RNAs (RNA-seq) using next generation sequencing. Exon arrays from the same cells were used to profile gene expression and additional measures on 98 @entity1 obtained. Integrative bioinformatics algorithms were proposed, and pathway and ontology analysis performed. RESULTS: In low-grade @entity4289 , observations implied extensive post-transcriptional regulation via microRNAs (miRNA) and the recently discovered @entity15660 interacting RNAs (piRNA). Large expression differences were found for @entity4289 -associated and novel miRNAs, including 48 sequences matching to miRNA star (miRNA*) motifs. The detected species were predicted to regulate disease stage specific molecular functions and pathways, including apoptosis and response to DNA damage. In high-grade @entity4289 , results suggested extensive post-translation editing via transfer RNAs (tRNAs), providing a potential link for reduced apoptosis, a hallmark for this disease stage. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed important regulatory roles for @entity4289 linked miRNAs and TFs, and strengthened the biological significance of miRNA*. The "RNA polymerase II promoters" were identified as the tightest controlled biological function. We suggest their control by a miRNA dominated feedback loop, which might be linked to the dramatically different miRNA amounts seen between low and high-grade @entity4289 . DISCUSSION: The presented results provide novel findings that build a basis of further investigations of diagnostic biomarkers, targeted therapies and studies on @entity4289 pathogenesis.

Integrative analysis of next generation sequencing for small non-coding RNAs and transcriptional regulation in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity4289 :: ('MESH:D054221', 'Disease') :: ['MDS'] @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['Myelodysplastic Syndromes', 'MDSS'] @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['pre-leukemic disorders'] @entity15660 :: ('9271', 'Gene') :: ['Piwi']
@entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['Myelodysplastic Syndromes']
