INTRODUCTION: Nonmuscle invasive urothelial cell @entity189 is the most frequent @entity1494 . The high recurrence rate (up to 80%) and risk of progression (up to 30%) reflect the need for long-term follow-up and sometimes multiple interventions. To reduce the rate of recurrences and @entity5 progression, intravesical immunotherapy, especially the use of Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), represents the gold standard adjuvant treatment of high-risk nonmuscle invasive @entity150 (NMIBC). This article reviews the role of BCG therapy and several promising new immunotherapeutic approaches such as mycobacterium phlei cell wall-nucleic acid complex, @entity688 ( @entity688 ) antibody, vaccine-based therapy, alpha-emitter therapy, and photodynamic therapy checkpoint inhibitors. METHODS: A systematic literature review was performed using the terms (immunotherapy, NMIBC, BCG, and intravesical) using PubMed and Cochrane databases. RESULTS: BCG represents the most common intravesical immunotherapeutic agent for the adjuvant treatment of high-risk NMIBC. Its use is associated with a significant reduction of recurrence and progression. @entity1 with NMIBC of intermediate and high-risk benefit the most from BCG therapy. To achieve maximal efficacy, an induction therapy followed by a maintenance schedule should be used. Full-dose BCG is recommended to obtain ideal antitumoral activity and there is no evidence of a reduction of side effects in @entity1 treated with a reduced dose. There are multiple new approaches and agents in immunotherapy with potential and promising antineoplastic effects. CONCLUSIONS: The beneficial effect of BCG is well documented and established. To reduce the @entity5 specific mortality, it is essential to follow guideline-based treatment. In @entity1 with BCG-failure, there are new promising alternatives other than BCG but BCG remains the gold standard at this stage.

Intravesical immunotherapy in nonmuscle invasive XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy of the urinary bladder'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma'] @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer'] @entity688 :: ('3586', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-10', 'IL-10']
@entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']
