UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Treatment strategies for @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ) remain unclear due to the limited number of cases and a lack of long-term outcomes. The purpose of this study was to report the authors' experience with treatment outcomes with a review of the pertinent literature in @entity1 with @entity2758 . METHODS Medical and radiological data from 1998 to 2011 were retrospectively evaluated. The degree of the arteriovenous (AV) shunt was categorized into 2 groups, a high- and low-flow AV shunt based on the angiographic findings. RESULTS Sixteen @entity1 with a mean age of 45.3 years (range 16-78 years) and a mean follow-up of 79.9 months (range 25-264 months) were examined. Symptomatic lesions were noted in 13 @entity1 : @entity932 ( @entity932 ) in 9, @entity410 in 1, and @entity10 in 3. A high-flow shunt was observed on angiography in 13 @entity1 . Among these 13 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 were symptomatic. Nine @entity1 presenting with @entity932 underwent @entity1410 removal with additional Gamma Knife surgery (GKS; n = 4), GKS only (n = 2), or conservative treatment (n = 3). The 3 asymptomatic @entity1 received conservative treatment, and 1 rebleeding episode was observed. Seven of 8 @entity1 who underwent GKS as an initial or secondary treatment modality experienced a marked reduction in the AV shunt on follow-up angiography, but complete obliteration was not observed. CONCLUSIONS Poor lesion localization makes a @entity2758 challenging to treat. Symptomatic @entity1 with a high-flow shunt are supposedly best treated with GKS, despite the fact that only 87.5% of the vp-AVMs treated this way showed a reduction in the @entity600 volume, and none were cured.

Long-term treatment outcome of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure'] @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'ICH'] @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['venous-predominant arteriovenous malformation', 'vp-AVM'] @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation'] @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematoma'] @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']
@entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['venous-predominant arteriovenous malformation']
