In this study we employed a raised cage model in combination with @entity172 to observe their effects on the proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM) and tibial shaft (TX) in sham-operated or ovariectomized @entity35 . A total of 105 6-month-old female @entity35 were used in the study. Bilateral sham ovariectomy or ovariectomy was performed at day 0 and the @entity35 were housed in normal height or raised cages (RCs) and injected subcutaneously twice per week with 10 microg/kg of @entity53 (E2) or vehicle for 4 and 8 weeks. Because the time course of @entity604 or @entity79 distribution was not uniform in the metaphyses of the tibia, we subdivided the PTM into three zones (medial, central, and lateral) to observe the different @entity604 or @entity79 patterns after ovariectomy and/or raised cages. We found that: (1) E2 alone did not alter bone area or architecture in sham @entity35 , whereas RC alone increased trabecular thickness and area of PTM, but had no effects on TX; (2) Ovx induced most @entity604 from the central zone of the PTM and endocortical surface of TX, accompanied by @entity652 and increased bone resorption; (3) E2 alone prevented ovx-induced @entity604 by preserving trabecular number and depressing bone resorption; (4) RC alone partially compensated for @entity604 following ovx by thickening the surviving trabeculae in lateral and medial zones, and tended to stimulate bone formation and decrease bone resorption; and (5) RC plus E2 increased trabecular bone area by having an additive effect on bone resorption and bone turnover. RCs helped to prevent the @entity308 effect of @entity172 on periosteal bone formation. In conclusion, early and rapid @entity604 occurred in the central zone of the metaphysis and endocortical surface after ovx. @entity172 replacement therapy prevented this loss. Raised cages partially compensated for @entity604 following ovx by thickening the trabeculae in the lateral area of the metaphysis and decreased endocortical erosion. Combination treatment added bone to the PTM and prevented the decrease of periosteal bone formation after @entity172 administration.

Bipedal stance exercise enhances antiresorption effects of @entity172 and counteracts its inhibitory effect on bone formation in sham and ovariectomized XXXX .

@entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen'] @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive'] @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss'] @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol'] @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone gain'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats'] @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['decreased trabecular number']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']
