Interferon alpha ( @entity3027 ), an immunomodulatory cytokine, is used for the treatment of several disorders including @entity3619 or @entity320 . During the therapy @entity3027 may cause severe @entity146 syndromes including @entity308 with suicidal ideation, paranoid @entity914 or @entity911 states. The reasons and management of these side effects are widely unknown. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms include various effects on neuroendocrine, cytokine and neurotransmitter systems. This review summarizes therapeutic strategies against @entity3027 associated @entity146 syndromes. Zolpidem or Zopiclon can be used for the treatment of @entity25 . @entity750 -reuptake-inhibitors including @entity837 or @entity903 were shown to be effective for acute treatment of @entity3027 associated @entity308 . The efficacy of prophylactic treatment for prevention of @entity3027 induced @entity308 has to be proven in future trials. In an interdisciplinary setting, @entity146 and @entity734 should not prevent @entity1 from interferon-alpha treatment. Furthermore, interdisciplinary care should improve quality of life, adherence and therapeutic outcome of interferon-alpha treated @entity1 .

[Incidence, pathoetiology and treatment of interferon-alpha induced neuro- XXXX side effects].

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression'] @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders', 'neuropsychiatric'] @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleeping disturbances'] @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine'] @entity3027 :: ('3439', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-alpha'] @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses'] @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram'] @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusional'] @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['Serotonin'] @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis'] @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addiction'] @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']
@entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']
