OBJECTIVE: The availability of non-invasive brain imaging permits the study of normal and abnormal brain development in childhood and adolescence. This paper summarizes current knowledge of @entity75 of two conditions, @entity71 ( @entity71 ) and @entity19096 ( @entity19096 ), and illustrates how such findings are bringing clinical and preclinical perspectives closer together. METHOD: A selected review is presented of the pattern and temporal characteristics of anatomic brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in @entity71 and @entity19096 . These results are discussed in terms of candidate mechanisms suggested by studies in developmental neuroscience. RESULTS: There are consistent, diagnostically specific patterns of @entity75 for @entity71 and @entity19096 . Attention @entity71 is characterized by a slightly smaller (4%) total brain volume (both white and grey matter), less-consistent abnormalities of the basal ganglia and a striking (15%) decrease in posterior @entity76 . These changes do not progress with age. In contrast, @entity1 with @entity19096 have smaller brain volume due to a 10% decrease in cortical grey volume. Moreover, in @entity19096 there is a progressive loss of regional grey volume particularly in frontal and temporal regions during adolescence. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity71 , the developmental pattern suggests an early @entity74 ' involving @entity2057 controlling overall brain growth and selected @entity935 circuits. In contrast, in @entity19096 , which shows progressive grey matter loss, various candidate processes influencing later synaptic and dendritic pruning are suggested by @entity1 post-mortem and developmental animal studies.

Imaging normal and abnormal brain development: new perspectives for XXXX psychiatry.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human'] @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormalities', 'brain abnormality'] @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine'] @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'deficit hyperactivity disorder', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder'] @entity19096 :: ('MESH:D012561', 'Disease') :: ['COS', 'childhood onset schizophrenia'] @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar vermal volume'] @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ["non-progressive 'lesion"] @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['neurotrophic factors']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']
