We investigated the effect of hyperbaric @entity26 therapy (HBOT) on @entity35 muscles during tibial distraction osteogenesis (DO) at normal and hyperdistraction rates. Animals in groups 1 and 2 were distracted by 0.5mm/day and those in groups 3 and 4 by 1mm/day. Groups 2 and 4 received HBOT during distraction. Group 5 served as control. @entity224 dismutase (SOD; U/g protein), @entity1234 (nmol/g protein), @entity2041 (mmol/g protein), and protein levels (g/dl) were determined. SOD was significantly higher in group 2 (4.59  0.97) than in controls (2.19  0.7) (P=0.0001), and lower in group 4 (3.74  1.70) than in group 2 (P=0.011). @entity1234 was significantly higher in group 2 (0.72  0.23) than in controls (0.38  0.10) (P=0.005). Total protein levels were better preserved with HBOT in distracted muscles: group 2 (3.24  0.37) vs. group 1 (1.88  0.60), and group 4 (3.45  0.70) vs. group 3 (2.03  0.75) (both P=0.0001). Numbers of fibres were lower in group 1 (4.88  0.59) than in group 2 (6.07  0.86), and in group 3 (5.13  0.36) than in group 4 (6.14  0.74) (both P=0.001). Numbers of nuclei were higher in group 1 (11.29  2.47) than in group 2 (9.03  1.53) (P=0.04), and in group 3 (12.43  3.32) than in group 4 (9.08  1.58) (P=0.001). Fibres and nuclei with HBOT were similar to those of controls. HBOT decreased the inflammatory cell infiltrate for group 1 (19.8  8.54) vs. group 2 (4.2  2.53) and group 3 (36.54  11.29) vs. group 4 (21.5  9.23) (both P=0.001). HBOT improves the adaptation of distracted muscle by increasing fibres and antioxidants while decreasing inflammation.

Effects of hyperbaric XXXX therapy on biochemical and histological parameters of muscle groups in proximity to the distracted @entity35 tibia.

@entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione'] @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['Malondialdehyde', 'malondialdehyde'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat'] @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['Superoxide']
@entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']
