@entity348 ( @entity348 ) is the most common and cost-effective treatment for older adults with long-standing @entity571 . Projections indicate that nearly 3.5 million older adults will undergo this procedure annually by the year 2030. Thus, understanding the factors that lead to optimal outcomes is of great clinical interest. In the majority of cases, tourniquet is applied during surgery to maintain a clear surgical field, however, there is debate as to whether this intervention is completely benign. In particular, @entity2057 is a significant factor in preventing full functional recovery following surgery, and some evidence suggests that tourniquet application and the associated @entity63 -reperfusion injury that results contributes to @entity2057 . For this reason, we examined tissue level changes in muscle in @entity348 @entity1 following surgery and found that there was a significant increase in cross-sectional area of muscle fibers of all types. Furthermore, to detect changes not evident at the tissue level, we performed NextSeq analysis to assess the transcriptional landscape of quadriceps muscle cells following @entity348 with tourniquet and found 72 genes that were significantly upregulated. A large proportion of those genes regulate cell stress pathways, suggesting that muscle cells in our cohort of older adults were capable of mounting a significant response to cell stress. Furthermore, factors related to complement were upregulated, suggesting tourniquet may play a role in priming cells to @entity63 reperfusion injury. Therefore, our analysis reveals potential harms of tourniquet during @entity348 , thus suggesting that surgeons should consider limiting its use.

Transcriptional profiling and muscle cross-section analysis reveal signs of XXXX reperfusion injury following total knee arthroplasty with tourniquet.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis'] @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia'] @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TKA', 'Total knee arthroplasty'] @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']
@entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']
