UNASSIGNED: Explosive blast-related @entity130 are one of the hallmark @entity130 of veterans returning from recent wars, but the effects of a blast overpressure on the brain are poorly understood. In this study, we used in vivo diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to investigate tissue microstructure and metabolic changes in a novel, direct cranial blast @entity131 (dc-bTBI) @entity35 model. Imaging was performed on @entity35 before injury and 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after blast exposure (~517 kPa peak overpressure to the dorsum of the head). No @entity75 were visible on conventional T2-weighted MRI, but microstructural and metabolic changes were observed with DKI and proton MRS, respectively. Increased mean kurtosis, which peaked at 21 days post injury, was observed in the hippocampus and the internal capsule. Concomitant increases in @entity8580 ( @entity41153 ) and @entity2226 ( @entity5624 ) were also observed in the hippocampus, while early changes at 1 day in the @entity3264 ( @entity7647 ) were observed in the internal capsule, all indicating @entity66 in these regions. Neurofunctional testing on a separate but similarly treated group of @entity35 showed early disturbances in vestibulomotor functions (days 1-14), which were associated with imaging changes in the internal capsule. Delayed @entity2414 and in rapid learning, as assessed by Morris Water Maze paradigms (days 14-19), were associated with delayed changes in the hippocampus. Significant microglial activation and @entity179 were observed at 28 days in the hippocampus. Overall, our findings indicate delayed neurofunctional and pathological abnormalities following dc-bTBI that are silent on conventional T2-weighted imaging, but are detectable using DKI and proton MRS.

Changes in Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in a Direct Cranial Blast XXXX (dc-bTBI) Model.

@entity2226 :: ('MESH:D013654', 'Chemical') :: ['Taurine'] @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury'] @entity41153 :: ('CHEBI:17268', 'Chemical') :: ['Ins'] @entity3264 :: ('D018698', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine'] @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['myo-Inositol'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial abnormality'] @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain parenchyma abnormalities'] @entity7647 :: ('CHEBI:32668', 'Chemical') :: ['Gln'] @entity5624 :: ('CHEBI:36355', 'Chemical') :: ['Tau'] @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'rats'] @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impairments in spatial memory'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']
@entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']
