BACKGROUND: @entity1 b-defensin 2 ( @entity15875 ) gene expression is dependent on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) activity. We have previously demonstrated that electrolytically generated acid functional water (FW) induces the expression of @entity15875 in the @entity1 @entity957 ( @entity957 ) cell line Ca9-22. However, the induction was not dependent on NF-kB activity; in fact, FW inhibited NF-kB activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that FW might reduce spontaneous @entity687 ( @entity687 ) secretion by Ca9-22 cells, which is heavily dependent on NF-kB activity. This study aimed at demonstrating the inhibitory effect of FW on NF-kB activity. METHODS: Ca9-22 cells were incubated with FW, and spontaneous @entity687 secretion was observed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Luciferase assay was performed using the 5'-untranslated region of the @entity687 gene. The steps of NF-kB activation blocked by FW were evaluated by localization of the NF-kB subunits @entity9135 and @entity2451 by immunofluorescence staining. Western blotting was further performed to confirm the changes in NF-kB subunit localization. RESULTS: The Ca9-22 cells spontaneously secreted @entity687 , which was rapidly and drastically inhibited by FW treatment. The luciferase assay demonstrated the inhibitory action of FW, which was diminished by deletion of the NF-kB binding site from this construct. FW treatment altered the distribution of both the @entity9135 and @entity2451 subunits. @entity9135 , which was localized in the nucleus during the resting state, moved to the cytoplasm after FW treatment, whereas, @entity2451 , localized in the cytoplasm during the resting state, moved to the nucleus subsequent to FW treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study indicate that FW might inhibit spontaneous @entity687 secretion by redistribution of the NF-kB subunits within the cells.

Electrolytically generated acid functional water inhibits NF-kB activity by attenuating nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of @entity9135 and XXXX subunits.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Human'] @entity9135 :: ('5970', 'Gene') :: ['P65', 'p65'] @entity15875 :: ('1673', 'Gene') :: ['hBD2'] @entity2451 :: ('4790', 'Gene') :: ['p50'] @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma'] @entity687 :: ('3576', 'Gene') :: ['IL-8', 'interleukin 8']
@entity2451 :: (4790,Gene) :: ['p50']
