@entity360 (UGIB) is defined as bleeding proximal to the ligament of Treitz in the absence of oesophageal, gastric or duodenal varices. The clinical presentation varies according to the intensity of bleeding from @entity548 to melena or haematemesis and @entity548 . Causes of UGIB are peptic ulcers, @entity11247 , @entity3621 , @entity354 , @entity75 or @entity2817 . After admission to the hospital a structured approach to the @entity1 with acute UGIB that includes haemodynamic resuscitation and stabilization as well as pre-endoscopic risk stratification has to be done. Endoscopy offers not only the localisation of the bleeding site but also a variety of therapeutic measures like injection therapy, thermocoagulation or endoclips. Endoscopic therapy is facilitated by acid suppression with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. These drugs are highly effective but the best route of application (oral vs intravenous) and the adequate dosage are still subjects of discussion. @entity1 with @entity1066 are tested for @entity1534 and eradication therapy should be given if it is present. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have to be discontinued if possible. If discontinuation is not possible, @entity3840 inhibitors in combination with PPI have the lowest bleeding risk but the incidence of cardiovascular events is increased.

Diagnosis and therapy of non-variceal upper XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient'] @entity11247 :: ('MESH:D008309', 'Disease') :: ['Mallory-Weiss lesions'] @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['occult bleeding', 'haemorrhagic shock'] @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Dieulafoy lesions'] @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer disease'] @entity2817 :: ('MESH:D016888', 'Disease') :: ['angiodysplasia'] @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['erosive gastritis'] @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux oesophagitis'] @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori'] @entity3840 :: ('5743', 'Gene') :: ['cyclooxygenase-2'] @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding']
@entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']
