The surgical treatment of @entity449 including newly developed procedures and their outcomes is reviewed. Major advances in aortic arch repair have been made by meticulous brain protection with antegrade-selective and retrograde cerebral perfusion in addition to @entity2332 circulatory arrest and refinement of surgical techniques. Total arch replacement using a multibranched prosthetic graft with antegrade-selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) under @entity2332 through a median sternotomy has been standardized, resulting in lower mortality and cerebral mortality rates. In particular, the impact of the use of the axillary artery for cardiopulmonary bypass and of the stepwise or @entity7105 trunk technique for distal anastomosis has recently been assessed. In addition, arch repair under moderate @entity2332 in conjunction with SCP has been attempted without any serious problems. The surgical strategy for extended @entity449 is also of concern. A two-stage approach with an @entity7105 trunk procedure is employed predominantly for high-risk @entity1 , while one-stage repair is aggressively applied for relatively young, low-risk @entity1 . In contrast, there has been great progress in stent graft therapy for aortic arch lesions. Arch stent graft repairs including hybrid procedures have been attempted in elderly, high-risk @entity1 . Consequently, these comorbid procedures can be used satisfactorily.

[Surgical treatment for XXXX : newly developed procedures and their outcomes].

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity7105 :: ('9783', 'Species') :: ['elephant'] @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic arch aneurysm', 'aortic aneurysms'] @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']
@entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic arch aneurysm']
