BACKGROUND: @entity1582 is a progressive @entity5 for which there is no cure. Despite treatment, almost all @entity1 eventually experience periods of disease relapse and remission. With the increasing use of novel therapies, including @entity1749 , @entity6985 , @entity33931 , @entity16291 , and @entity13537 , benchmarks for assessing the value of these therapies in treating @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) are needed for physicians and payers alike. OBJECTIVES: To develop a model framework and to calculate an annual estimate of the total costs per @entity1 for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1582 using 7 common treatment regimens, including @entity1749 plus @entity619 ; @entity13537 , @entity1749 , and @entity619 ; @entity6985 plus @entity619 ; @entity6985 , @entity1749 , and @entity619 ; @entity33931 ; @entity33931 , @entity6985 , and @entity619 ; and @entity16291 plus @entity619 . METHODS: The expenditures for drugs and their administration, for prophylaxis and adverse event monitoring, and for the treatment of grade 3 or 4 adverse events were included in the calculations of the total pharmacy and medical costs. The drug costs were based on published pricing and labeled dosing schedules; the adverse event prophylaxis and monitoring costs were obtained from peer-reviewed publications; and the adverse event incidence rates were obtained from each regimen's prescribing information and from clinical trials. All the costs were summed over the duration of therapy for which the drugs were administered and were calculated separately for commercial and Medicare plans. The duration of therapy for each regimen was the time for which a @entity1 had to be receiving the regimen to obtain 12 months of progression-free survival based on the duration-of-therapy to progression-free survival ratio observed from published clinical trials and/or the drug's labeling. RESULTS: The pharmacy costs were highest for @entity16291 plus @entity619 , whereas the medical costs were highest for the combination of @entity33931 , @entity6985 , and @entity619 . The total cost associated with available treatments for @entity1582 was highest for regimens that included @entity6985 (approximate range,  126,000- 256,000). Only @entity1749 plus @entity619 and the combination of @entity13537 , @entity1749 , and @entity619 had total costs that were lower than  125,000 per @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study represents the first model developed to comprehensively estimate the costs of managing @entity1582 with all currently approved and guideline-recommended regimens in the United States. As such, it provides the framework and basis for further budget impact analyses and for cost-effectiveness comparisons with these regimens.

Estimating the Costs of Therapy in XXXX with Relapsed and/or Refractory @entity1582 : A Model Framework.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity33931 :: ('MESH:C524865', 'Chemical') :: ['carfilzomib'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer'] @entity16291 :: ('MESH:C467566', 'Chemical') :: ['pomalidomide'] @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma', 'RRMM', 'Multiple myeloma'] @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone'] @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide'] @entity13537 :: ('MESH:C496932', 'Chemical') :: ['panobinostat'] @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']
