The mechanisms by which @entity526 cells survive exposure to the toxic electrophile @entity8816 ( @entity17462 ) have been investigated. Stationary-phase @entity526 cells were more resistant to @entity17462 than exponential-phase cells. The KefB and KefC systems were found to play an important role in protecting both exponential- and stationary-phase cells against @entity17462 . Additionally, RpoS and the @entity35137 Dps aided the survival of both exponential- and stationary-phase cells against @entity17462 . Double mutants lacking both RpoS and Dps and triple mutants deficient in KefB and KefC and either RpoS or Dps had an increased sensitivity to @entity17462 in both exponential- and stationary-phase cells compared to mutants missing only one of these protective mechanisms. Stationary- and exponential-phase cells of a quadruple mutant lacking all four protective systems displayed even greater sensitivity to @entity17462 . These results indicated that protection by the KefB and KefC systems, RpoS and Dps can each occur independently of the other systems. Alterations in the level of RpoS in exponentially growing cells correlated with the degree of @entity17462 sensitivity. Decreasing the level of RpoS by enriching the growth medium enhanced sensitivity to @entity17462 , whereas a mutant lacking the ClpP protease accumulated RpoS and gained high levels of resistance to @entity17462 . A slower-growing @entity526 was also found to accumulate RpoS and had enhanced resistance to @entity17462 . These data emphasize the multiplicity of pathways involved in protecting @entity526 cells against @entity17462 .

Importance of RpoS and Dps in survival of exposure of both exponential- and stationary-phase XXXX cells to the electrophile @entity8816 .

@entity35137 :: ('18157783', 'Gene') :: ['DNA-binding protein'] @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide'] @entity17462 :: ('CHEBI:44485', 'Chemical') :: ['NEM'] @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli', 'E. coli strain']
@entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']
