BACKGROUND: Symptomatic @entity5990 may be problematic during pregnancy. The advisability of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is uncertain. The objective of this study is to define the natural history of @entity5990 during pregnancy and evaluate the safety of LC during pregnancy. METHODS: Review of medical records of all pregnant @entity1 with @entity5990 at the University of California, San Francisco, from 1980 to 1996. RESULTS: Of approximately 29,750 deliveries, 47 (0.16%) @entity1 were treated for @entity5990 , including biliary colic in 33, acute @entity2679 in 12, and @entity788 in two. Conservative treatment was attempted in all @entity1 but failed in 17 (36%) cases. Two @entity1 required combined preterm Cesarean-section cholecystectomy and 10 required surgery in the early postpartum period for persistent symptoms. Seventeen @entity1 required cholecystectomy during pregnancy for biliary colic (10), acute @entity2679 (six), and @entity788 (one). Three @entity1 were treated with open cholecystectomy. Fourteen @entity1 underwent LC at a mean gestational age of 18.6 weeks, mean OR time of 74 min, and mean length of stay of 1.2 days. Hasson cannulation was utilized in 11 @entity1 . @entity551 (6-10 mmHg) was used in seven @entity1 . Prophylactic tocolytics were used in seven @entity1 , with transient postoperative preterm labor observed in one. There were no open conversions, preterm deliveries, fetal loss, teratogenicity, or maternal morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: In past years, symptomatic @entity5990 during pregnancy were managed conservatively or with open cholecystectomy. LC is a feasible and safe method for treating severely symptomatic @entity1 .

Changing management of XXXX during pregnancy.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis'] @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones', 'gallstone disease'] @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis'] @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Reduced-pressure pneumoperitoneum']
@entity5990 :: (MESH:D042882,Disease) :: ['gallstone disease']
