Heparan sulfate proteoglycans ( @entity13222 ) are main components of the extracellular matrix, where they interact with a large number of physiologically important macromolecules. The sulfation pattern of @entity16337 ( @entity16337 ) chains determines the interaction potential of the proteoglycans. Enzymes of the biosynthetic and degradation pathways for @entity16337 chains are thus important regulators in processes ranging from embryonic development to tissue homeostasis but also for @entity5 development. Formation of the nervous system is also critically dependent on intact @entity13222 , and several studies have outlined the role for @entity16337 in neural induction from embryonic stem cells. High-grade @entity11 is the most common malignant primary @entity1313 among adults, and the outcome is poor. Neural stem cells and @entity11 stem cells have several common traits, such as sustained proliferation and a highly efficient migratory capacity in the brain. There are also similarities between the neurogenic niche where adult neural stem cells reside, and the tumorigenic niche. These include interactions with the extracellular matrix, and many of the matrix components are deregulated in @entity11 , for example HSPGs and enzymes implementing the biosynthesis and modification of @entity16337 . In this paper, we will present how @entity16337 -regulated pathways are involved in neural differentiation and discuss their impact on brain development. We will also review and critically discuss the important role of structural modifications of @entity16337 , in @entity11 growth and invasion. We propose that targeting invasive mechanisms of @entity11 cells through modulation of @entity16337 structure and @entity16337 -mediated pathways may be an attractive alternative to other therapeutic attempts, which so far have only marginally increased survival for @entity11 @entity1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Heparan sulfate in regulation of neural differentiation and XXXX development.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity16337 :: ('MESH:D009084', 'Disease') :: ['heparan sulfate', 'HS'] @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma'] @entity13222 :: ('6383', 'Gene') :: ['HSPG']
@entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']
