OBJECTIVE: This study examined (1) whether two previously reported, well-established models in @entity35 , one a model of @entity551 and the other a model of @entity6075 , could be combined to evaluate neurologic outcome when @entity548 occurs subsequent to @entity542 , and (2) the ability of the traditional, conservative approach to fluid therapy (3 mL of intravenous fluid for 1 mL of @entity190 ) to reverse the detrimental effects of @entity551 after @entity6075 . In addition, two strategies of fluid therapy (early and delayed) were examined. METHODS: Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley male @entity35 were divided into five groups with @entity542 at time 0 in groups 3 to 5, @entity548 at 1 hour in groups 1, 2, 4, and 5, and intravenous fluid at 15 minutes (groups 2 and 5) or 60 minutes (groups 1 and 4) after @entity548 . @entity542 was delivered using a weight-drop impact of 0.5 J onto the closed cranium. Neurologic Severity Score (NSS) was determined at 1 hour (just before @entity548 ) and at 4 hours. RESULTS: NSS at 1 hour did not differ between groups 3 to 5 (15.5 (9-24) to 16 (2-21), median (range)). The amount of bleeding did not differ between groups during the first 15 minutes of @entity548 (2.8 +/- 0.8 to 3.7 +/- 2.0 mL, mean +/- SD). After 60 minutes, cumulative @entity190 in the delayed fluid therapy groups was less (3.1 +/- 1.13 mL in group 1 and 4.25 +/- 2.39 mL in group 4) than in the early fluid therapy groups (7.73 +/- 4.41 mL in group 2 and 6.85 +/- 2.36 mL in group 5) (analysis of variance, p < 0.01). The NSS of group 3 ( @entity542 only) improved at 4 hours after injury (12 (5-20)), whereas the NSS of groups 4 and 5 ( @entity542 followed by @entity548 ) deteriorated (24 (17-25) and 19.5 (9-25), respectively) (Kruskal-Wallis test,p < 0.05). In all the @entity548 groups, fluid therapy failed to restore blood pressure to prehemorrhage levels. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the two individual models of @entity551 and @entity6075 in @entity35 can be combined to evaluate outcome when @entity548 occurs subsequent to @entity542 . Furthermore, traditional, conservative fluid therapy, whether early or delayed, failed to restore blood pressure or to improve NSS when @entity548 occurred after @entity542 . @entity190 was greater with early fluid therapy whether or not @entity542 was present.

Neurologic outcome with @entity551 after @entity6075 in XXXX : effect of early versus delayed conservative fluid therapy.

@entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage'] @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'Blood loss'] @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head injury', 'head injury'] @entity6075 :: ('MESH:D016489', 'Disease') :: ['closed head trauma'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats'] @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic hypotension']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']
