T-helper (Th) lymphocytes consist of @entity1198 and Th2 subsets. @entity1198 cells are effectors of cell-mediated immunity and secrete @entity379 ( @entity379 ), which recruits new @entity1198 cells in cooperation with interleukin-12 (IL-12; produced by monocytes) and inhibits Th2 differentiation. Th2 cells produce @entity3646 and @entity688 , which inhibit @entity379 secretion and cell immunity. We investigated whether the impaired immune response in @entity5507 is associated with an altered balance of @entity1198 /Th2. Peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from @entity1 with @entity177 ( @entity177 ) on conservative treatment ( @entity177 @entity1 ), @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ) on regular hemodialysis therapy ( @entity454 - @entity2033 @entity1 ), and healthy controls (CON). @entity404 (+) cells were isolated from PBMCs by negative selection using a magnetic labeling system. PBMCs and purified @entity404 (+) cells were cultured in Iscove's medium and Iscove's medium plus mitogens (phytohemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide). @entity379 , IL-12, @entity3646 , and @entity688 were measured in supernatant. The constitutive release of @entity3646 and @entity688 by PBMCs and @entity404 (+) cells of @entity177 and @entity454 - @entity2033 @entity1 was increased by five to eight times in comparison with CON (P < 0.001). Constitutive @entity379 release by PBMCs of @entity454 - @entity2033 @entity1 was undetectable, although they secreted an increased amount of IL-12. Mitogen-stimulated release of @entity379 by PBMCs and @entity404 (+) cells of @entity177 and @entity454 - @entity2033 @entity1 was blunted (average PBMCs: CON, 115.8 @entity468 x10(6) cells; @entity177 , 81.8 @entity468 x10(6) cells; @entity454 - @entity2033 , 9.3 @entity468 x10(6) cells; @entity404 (+) cells: CON, 358.0 @entity468 x 10(5) cells; @entity177 , 165.4 @entity468 x 10(5) cells; @entity454 - @entity2033 , 43.5 @entity468 x 10(5) cells). The ability of PBMCs of @entity454 - @entity2033 @entity1 to secrete @entity379 was recovered after @entity3646 and @entity688 neutralization. @entity5507 is associated with a prevalence of @entity1198 over Th2 cells and a configuration of cytokine network that depresses cell-mediated immunity.

Polarization of T-helper lymphocytes toward the Th2 phenotype in uremic XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity404 :: ('920', 'Gene') :: ['CD4'] @entity5507 :: ('MESH:D014511', 'Disease') :: ['uremia', 'Uremia'] @entity1198 :: ('51497', 'Gene') :: ['Th1'] @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ['HD'] @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF'] @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma'] @entity3646 :: ('3565', 'Gene') :: ['IL-4'] @entity468 :: ('9685', 'Species') :: ['pg/2', 'pg/5'] @entity688 :: ('3586', 'Gene') :: ['IL-10'] @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']
