The study compares responders and non-responders to post-operative @entity1 -controlled analgesia (PCA) and evaluates factors that might differ between these two groups in order to identify non-responders during the early post-operative period. A prospective, randomized, double-blinded study design was used. @entity1 recovering from abdominal surgery were assigned to one of three treatment groups for a study period of 48 h. After titration of an individual loading dose, @entity1 could self-administer 1 mL bolus doses (2 mg of @entity1286 , 20 mg of @entity1340 or placebo) using a PCA device. @entity1 responding or not responding to the treatment were identified. In non-responders the escape medication was @entity1286 . There were 96 responders and 65 non-responders. All responders showed similar @entity158 scores, irrespective of the drug they received. Drug consumption of placebo responders was twice as high as that of opioid responders. @entity158 scores and analgesic consumption of non-responders were significantly higher compared with responders, although those @entity1 received @entity1286 . The loading dose correlated with subsequent analgesic consumption. Altogether, 89.2% of the non-responders were identified after the loading dose. Size of loading dose and @entity158 scores during the first 30 min are useful for assessing the overall response to post-operative @entity158 management. These factors may be valuable for predicting @entity158 management.

Responders and non-responders to post-operative XXXX treatment: the loading dose predicts analgesic needs.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'individual pain'] @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol'] @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']
@entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']
