BACKGROUND: There is controversy over whether a lack of breastfeeding is related to @entity28 development. OBJECTIVE: We examined the effects of feeding different types of milk in late infancy on childhood growth. DESIGN: A cohort of 1112 term, singleton @entity1 (born in 1992) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and @entity1 , United Kingdom, were studied prospectively. Food records collected at 8 mo of age were used to define the following 5 mutually exclusive feeding groups on the basis of the type and amount of milk consumed: breast milk (BM), <600 mL formula milk/d (FMlow), >= 600 mL formula milk/d (FMhigh), <600 mL @entity291 milk/d (CMlow), and >= 600 mL @entity291 milk/d (CMhigh). Weight, height, and BMI were measured at 14 time points from birth to 10 y of age, and SD scores (SDSs) were calculated. Dietary energy and macronutrient intakes were available at 7 time points. RESULTS: CMhigh @entity1 were heavier than were BM @entity1 from 8 mo to 10 y of age with weight differences (after adjustment for maternal education, smoking, and parity) >= 0.27 SDSs and an average of 0.48 SDSs. The maximum weight difference was at 18 mo of age (0.70 SDS; 95% CI: 0.41, 1.00 SDS; P = <0.0001). CMhigh @entity1 were taller at some ages (25-43 mo; P < 0.01) and had greater BMI SDSs from >= 8 mo of age (at 9 y of age; P = 0.001). FMhigh @entity1 were heavier and taller than were BM @entity1 from 8 to 37 mo of age. There were marked dietary differences between milk groups at 8 mo of age, some of which persisted to 18 mo of age. Adjustments for current energy and protein intakes did not attenuate the growth differences observed. CONCLUSIONS: The feeding of high volumes of @entity291 milk in late infancy is associated with faster weight and height gain than is BM feeding. The feeding of bottle-fed @entity1 with high volumes of @entity291 milk in late infancy may have a persisting effect on body habitus through childhood.

Effects on childhood body habitus of feeding large volumes of XXXX or formula milk compared with breastfeeding in the latter part of infancy.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infants'] @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cow'] @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']
@entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']
