There is no standard treatment for recurrent @entity463 ( @entity463 ). Retreatment with @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) is one treatment option. We reasoned this could be more effective if combined with a vaccine that preferentially targeted @entity2904 -resistant cells. To test the feasibility and safety of such an approach, a phase 1 trial was conducted in which @entity1 with @entity463 relapsing after standard chemoradiotherapy were retreated with @entity2904 in combination with a vaccine consisting of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with @entity5 cells that had previously been exposed to @entity2904 in vivo in the course of primary treatment. Of 14 @entity1 , nine @entity1 completed the initial phase of priming vaccinations and two cycles of @entity2904 , one proved to have radionecrosis, one rapidly progressed, and in three the yield of DC vaccine was insufficient to proceed with treatment. Other than expected toxicities related to @entity2904 , there were no adverse events attributable to the combined treatment.  Two @entity1 had objective radiological responses. Six month progression-free survival was 22  %, similar to retreatment with @entity2904 alone. Anti- @entity5 immune responses were assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using interferon-y ELISpot, with two @entity1 meeting criteria for a vaccine-induced immune response, one of whom remained disease-free for nearly three years. Another @entity1 with an anti- @entity5 immune response at baseline that was sustained post-vaccination experienced a 12-month period of progression-free survival. In summary, the combined treatment was safe and well-tolerated but feasibility in the recurrent setting was marginal. Evidence of immune responses in a few @entity1 broadly correlated with better clinical outcome.

Dendritic cell vaccination combined with @entity2903 retreatment: results of a phase I trial in @entity1 with recurrent XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'autologous tumor'] @entity2904 :: ('CHEBI:72564', 'Chemical') :: ['TMZ'] @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide'] @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM tumors', 'glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']
@entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma multiforme']
