UNASSIGNED: The aim of the study was to determine the correlations between intracellular @entity460 ion level and a cell's ability to survive. The intracellular concentration of @entity141 ions, maintained through different mechanisms, plays an important role in signalling in cells. The deregulation of these mechanisms by various cell stressors (e.g. cytotoxic agents) can disturb @entity141 homeostasis and influence @entity141 -dependent signalling pathways in the cell. Perturbations of intracellular electrochemical equilibrium may lead to changes in cell function or even to cell death. According to some experimental results, one of the cell stressors may be exposure to @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ). Because of the wide distribution of @entity2194 sources in our environment, @entity2194 have recently been intensively examined in relation to the occurrence of @entity5 . Nevertheless, two questions still remain unanswered: Is the influence of @entity2194 on cells positive or negative, and what mechanism(s) underlie the effects of @entity2194 action on cells? Most studies focus on the influence of @entity2194 on @entity141 ion fluxes as @entity460 ions play the role of intracellular second messengers, triggering many signalling cascades. Physical models assuming the mechanisms generating the disturbance of ionic transport and/or the dysfunction of ion-protein complexes in cells due to @entity2194 action have been widely discussed in the literature, but a detailed explanation of experimental results is still awaited. The dynamics of the concentration of intracellular @entity460 ions can be detected by various methods, including optical and non-optical techniques. This review combines an insight into basic intracellular @entity141 regulative mechanisms and common techniques used to detect changes in @entity141 concentration inside the cell. The emphasis here is on the determination of @entity141 regulative mechanisms developed in non-excitable cells (e.g. U937 cells, HeLa, etc.), which are probably mainly involved in cell responses to external stress (e.g. @entity2194 stimuli).

Cell viability modulation through changes of XXXX -dependent signalling pathways.

@entity141 :: ('CHEBI:29108', 'Chemical') :: ['Ca(2+)'] @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['magnetic fields', 'MF'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer'] @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']
@entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca(2+)']
