BACKGROUND:: Fertility treatment seems to play a role in the etiology of @entity600 , but it is unclear whether the underlying parental subfertility, ovulation induction, or the treatment itself is involved. Therefore, we investigated the odds of @entity2463 among @entity1 of subfertile parents who conceived with or without treatment compared with fertile parents. METHODS:: We performed a case-control study among 380 cases with @entity2463 treated at 3 departments of pediatric surgery in The Netherlands and 1973 population-based controls born between August 1988 and August 2012. Parental questionnaires were used to obtain information on fertility-related issues and potential confounders. RESULTS:: In singletons, increased risks of @entity2463 were observed for parents who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or @entity52 ( @entity52 ) treatment compared with fertile parents (odds ratio = 2.4 [95% confidence interval = 1.0-5.9] and 4.2 [1.9-8.9], respectively). For subfertile parents who conceived after @entity52 treatment, an elevated risk was also found when they were compared with subfertile parents who conceived without treatment (3.2 [1.4-7.2]). Among @entity1 of the latter category of parents, only the risk of @entity2463 with other major @entity600 was increased compared with fertile parents (2.0 [1.3-3.3]). No associations were found with intrauterine insemination or use of hormones for ovulation induction. CONCLUSIONS:: We found evidence of a role of ICSI and @entity52 treatments in the etiology of @entity2463 . However, subfertility without treatment increased only the risk of @entity2463 with additional @entity600 .

Parental Subfertility, Fertility Treatment, and the Risk of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children'] @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization'] @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal malformations'] @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations', 'congenital anorectal malformations']
@entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['Congenital Anorectal Malformations']
