From 1981 to 1987, 62 @entity1 with @entity1165 and associated @entity944 required treatment after unsuccessful initial medical therapy (51 @entity1 ) and previous surgical therapy (11 @entity1 ). Surgical options included direct revascularization (group I, 11 @entity1 ), endocardial resection (group II, 7 @entity1 ), @entity299 (group III, 18 @entity1 ), and these combinations of operations: revascularization and endocardial resection (group IV, 18 @entity1 ), revascularization and insertion of @entity299 (group V, 5 @entity1 ), and endocardial resection and insertion of @entity299 (group VI, 3 @entity1 ). Five underwent repeat revascularization (4) or endocardial resection (4) with mitral valve replacement (1) or papillary muscle reconstruction (2). The overall operative mortality of 8.1% (5/62) has been acceptable (2.8% or 1/36 for the simple procedures [groups I, II, and III] and 15.4% or 4/26 for the combined procedures [IV, V, and VI]; p less than 0.074). Operative risk factors included recent @entity583 (4/5 @entity204 ) and depressed ejection fraction of 23% or less (5/5 @entity204 ). These operative risks were highest in group IV and, thus, the highest mortality was in group IV (4/18 @entity1 or 22%, p less than 0.022). Six late @entity204 (4 @entity1 in group III) brought the overall survival rate to 82% or 51/62 @entity1 at a mean follow-up of 30 months. Surgical treatment of @entity944 requires a planned, combined operative approach, since initial medical or surgical failures can occur. The optimal surgical approach requires complete revascularization, resection of the localized subendocardial arrhythmogenic focus, and ventricular reconstruction. An @entity10804 is a palliative alternative for less favorable surgical anatomy and for @entity1 who are poor operative candidates for these combined or reoperative procedures.

Surgical options for treating @entity1165 and XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias'] @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'sudden death'] @entity10804 :: ('MESH:C537069', 'Disease') :: ['automatic defibrillator'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['automatic internal cardiac defibrillators', 'cardiac defibrillator'] @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths']
@entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden death']
