BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The triplet of airway @entity281 , @entity32 and bronchial wall destruction associated with excessive matrix metalloproteinases ( @entity5952 ) release and imbalance of @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ) is implicated in @entity4595 . We sought to determine the associations between sputum @entity5952 ( @entity5952 , @entity1495 ) and @entity2843 and the severity of @entity4595 ; the utility of @entity5952 in predicting risks of future @entity4595 exacerbations (BE); and the changes in @entity5952 levels during BE. METHODS: We recruited 102 @entity1 with stable @entity4595 and 22 healthy subjects. For @entity4595 @entity1 , baseline measurements consisted of sputum @entity32 and @entity5952 measurements, bacterial culture, spirometry and chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). @entity4595 @entity1 were followed up for 1 year to determine the frequency of BE. Changes in @entity5952 levels during BE were assessed in 36 @entity4595 @entity1 . RESULTS: Sputum @entity5952 , @entity1495 and @entity1495 / @entity2843 ratio in @entity4595 @entity1 were significantly increased compared with healthy subjects. @entity5952 and @entity1495 levels, but not @entity2843 , were positively correlated with clinical measures, including HRCT scores, spirometry and @entity4595   Severity   Index. Seventy-nine @entity4595 @entity1 were included in survival analyses of BE. Lower levels of baseline @entity1495 were associated with reduced risks of and a longer time to the first BE during follow-up. @entity5952 and @entity1495 , but not @entity2843 or @entity1495 / @entity2843 ratio, were significantly heightened during BE. CONCLUSIONS: Sputum @entity5952 might be useful biomarkers for the assessment of @entity4595 severity and the prediction of future risks of BE. Our results provide the rationales for the future clinical application of @entity5952 inhibitors.

Sputum matrix metalloproteinase-8 and -9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in XXXX : Clinical correlates and prognostic implications.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection'] @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1', 'tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1'] @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchiectasis', 'bronchiectasis'] @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9'] @entity5952 :: ('4317', 'Gene') :: ['MMP', 'MMP-8']
@entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']
