Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) comprise a family of proteolytic @entity219 - and @entity460 -dependent enzymes that are capable of disrupting the blood-brain barrier and mediating the destruction of extracellular matrix and myelin components. MMPs are also involved in facilitating leukocyte migration into inflammatory sites of the central nervous system. To determine the cellular localization and the amount of mRNA for @entity11799 , @entity68059 and a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases ( @entity11800 ) in @entity235 with spontaneous demyelinating distemper @entity198 , @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded cerebella were investigated by in situ hybridization using specific @entity1859 -labeled RNA probes. Additionally, immunohistochemistry was performed to characterize the different types of plaques of demyelinating @entity11411 . Furthermore, virus antigen and mRNA were detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Healthy control @entity235 revealed a weak signal for mRNA for @entity11799 , @entity68059 , and @entity11800 in various numbers of neurons, astrocytes, microglial cells and oligodendrocytes. In the cerebella of @entity235 with distemper, a strong increase of both number and staining intensity of @entity11799 , @entity68059 , and @entity11800 mRNA-expressing cells, mainly in subacute inflammatory lesions and chronic plaques, was observed. The number of cells expressing mRNA for @entity11799 and @entity68059 increased about two- to threefold compared to @entity11800 mRNA-expressing cells, whereas staining intensity of individual cells was similar. In @entity75 , especially astrocytes and activated macrophages/microglial cells displayed a positive signal for MMPs and @entity11800 , whereas in older lesions activated microglia/macrophages and infiltrating lymphocytes represented the main source for @entity11799 , @entity68059 , and @entity11800 mRNA synthesis as revealed by double-labeling techniques. In summary, the proportionally higher increase of MMP mRNA-expressing cells might indicate an MMP/TIMP imbalance as a cause for lesion initiation and progression in demyelinating @entity235 distemper @entity11411 .

Up-regulation of mRNA for matrix metalloproteinases-9 and -14 in advanced lesions of demyelinating XXXX distemper @entity11411 .

@entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis'] @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'dogs'] @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['early lesions'] @entity1859 :: ('MESH:D004076', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxigenin'] @entity219 :: ('MESH:D015032', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc'] @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin'] @entity11800 :: ('403816(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1'] @entity11411 :: ('MESH:D004684', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalitis'] @entity11799 :: ('403885(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9'] @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium'] @entity68059 :: ('403823(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-14']
@entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']
