UNASSIGNED: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) represents the most effective immunotherapy for @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and @entity5 . However, disease relapse remains the most common cause of treatment failure. By performing a second allo-HCT, durable remission can be achieved in some @entity1 . However, a second allo-HCT is of no benefit for the majority of @entity1 , so this approach requires further understanding. We present a retrospective cohort of 116 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3052 , @entity2590 , and @entity6961 who consecutively underwent a second allo-HCT for disease relapse. The median age was 38  years (range, 4 to 69  years). Sixty-three @entity1 were alive at last follow-up. The median follow-up of the whole cohort was 193  days (range, 2 to 6724  days) and the median follow-up of survivors was 1628  days (range, 52 to 5518  days). @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) at 5  years was 32% (SE      4.7%). Multivariate analysis identified @entity66 status (P < .001) and second allo-HCT  <  430  days (the median of the time to second transplantation) after the first transplantation (P < .001) as factors for poor prognosis, whereas the use of an HLA-identical sibling donor for the second allo-HCT was identified as a good prognostic factor (P < .05) for @entity1349 . The use of myeloablative conditioning (P  = .01), @entity66 (P  = .02), and a donor other than an HLA-identical sibling (others versus HLA-identical siblings) (P  = .009) were factors statistically significant for nonrelapse mortality in multivariate analysis. Time to second transplantation was statistically significant (P  = .001) in the relapse multivariate analysis, whereas multivariate analysis identified @entity66 status (P < .001) and time to second transplantation (P < .001) as poor prognosis factors for disease-free survival. This study confirms @entity66 and early relapse as dismal prognostic factors for a second allo-HCT. Using a different donor at second allo-HCT did not appear to change outcome, but using an HLA-identical sibling donor for a second transplantation appears to be associated with better survival. Further studies are warranted.

Outcome of Second Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation after Relapse of XXXX following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Retrospective Cohort on Behalf of the Grupo Espa  ol de Trasplante Hematopoyetico.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['active disease'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid malignancies'] @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes'] @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML'] @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorders'] @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']
@entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Myeloid Malignancies']
