UNASSIGNED: Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a lipid phosphatase implicated in cellular proliferation and survival. In animal cells, loss of PTEN leads to increased levels of @entity19065 [ @entity19065 ], stimulation of energetic metabolism, cellular growth, and morphological changes (related to adaptation and survival). Intriguingly, in plants, @entity19065 has not been detected, and the enzymes that synthesize it were never reported. In this study we performed a genetic, biochemical and functional characterization of the moss @entity17573 PTEN gene family. @entity17573 has four PTENs which are ubiquitously expressed during the entire moss life cycle. Using a knock in approach we show that all four genes are expressed in growing tissues, namely caulonemal and rhizoid cells. At the subcellular level, PpPTEN-GFP fusions localized to the cytosol and the nucleus. Analysis of single and double knockouts revealed no significant phenotypes at different developmental stages, indicative of functional redundancy. However, in comparison to wild type triple and quadruple pten knockouts caulonemal cells grew faster, switched from the juvenile protonemal stage to adult gametophores earlier and produced more rhizoids. Furthermore, analysis of lipid content and qRT-PCR data performed in quadruple mutants revealed altered @entity7425 levels [increase in @entity12498 , @entity12498 ; decrease in @entity8736 , @entity8736 ] and up-regulation of marker genes from the S-phase of the cell cycle (e.g. PpPCNA, PpRNR2, PpMCM3) and of the @entity995 related protein gene PpRBR1. Together these results suggest that PpPTEN is a suppressor of cell growth and morphogenic development in plants.

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a growth repressor of both rhizoid and gametophore development in the moss XXXX .

@entity8736 :: ('MESH:C055525', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate', 'PtdIns(3)P'] @entity7425 :: ('CHEBI:18179', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositide'] @entity17573 :: ('3218', 'Species') :: ['Physcomitrella patens', 'P. patens'] @entity12498 :: ('MESH:C106336', 'Chemical') :: ['PtdIns(3,5)P2', 'phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate'] @entity19065 :: ('MESH:C060974', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate', 'PtdIns(3,4,5)P3'] @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']
@entity17573 :: (3218,Species) :: ['Physcomitrella patens']
