At the Charing Cross Hospital (England) and Family Planning Association Clinics, 121 IUDs were examined after removal from @entity1 . There were 92 Lippes loops, 10 @entity52948 -T-Coils, and 19 Birnberg bows. 71 IUDs were from @entity1 who had symptoms of @entity931 ; 50 were from @entity1 who were symptom free. The IUDs were graded 0-3 according to the amount of @entity460 deposit on each device: 0, no deposit at all; 1, smooth on sight but minimal roughness felt in some areas; 2, deposit visible on less than half the surface of the device; and 3, deposit visible on more than half the surface of the device. When the deposit was scraped off a smooth unaltered surface remained with no pitting or @entity2681 . The extent of the deposit appeared to be related to the time the IUD had been retained. It also appeared that the deposits occurred more frequently on the Lippes loops and @entity52948 -T-Coils, after the same average time, than on the Birnberg bows. Enquiries from the manufacturers failed to elucidate any chemical reasons for this. Of the 92 Lippes loops examined, 12 were not included in the investigations because they came from @entity1 who were postmenopausal (2 cases), requested removal for pregnancy (5 cases), were extruding the device (4 cases), and 1 who had an early pregnancy. Of the remaining 80 @entity1 , 44 had @entity931 and of these 7 were excluded because of other causes for the @entity931 (2 distorted loops, 1 loop partially embedded in cervical canal, 3 @entity1 with @entity32 , and 1 @entity1 with a fibroid). There remained 36 @entity1 without symptoms of @entity931 and 37 @entity1 with @entity931 . The incidence of @entity931 was unrelated to the roughness of the Lippes loop. When @entity1 using other devices were considered 2 using @entity52948 -T-Coils and 1 using Birnberg bow were excluded for similar reasons, leaving 15 devices coming from @entity1 without symptoms and 11 from @entity1 with @entity931 . No relation was shown between the incidence of @entity931 and the time of retention. It is concluded that the degree of roughness had no relation to the @entity931 . The @entity460 deposit on an IUD does not appear to produce @entity931 and other causes should be considered for this symptom occurring when an IUD is in use.

The significance of XXXX deposits occurring on intrauterine devices.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic inflammation'] @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['erosion'] @entity52948 :: ('100302740', 'Gene') :: ['Saf'] @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium'] @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']
@entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']
