OBJECTIVE: To develop a method for evaluating the carcinogen delivery of potential reduced exposure products (PREPs) like Advance, a PREP marketed to reduce smokers' exposure to one @entity286 specific @entity22463 (TSN), NNK, a potent lung carcinogen. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Latin square ordered, three condition, outpatient, crossover design with 12 smokers of light or ultra-light cigarettes (15 or more cigarettes/day). In each five @entity558 , @entity1 either smoked own brand, Advance, or no cigarettes. Also, on the first and last day of each condition, @entity1 smoked one cigarette in the laboratory. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subject rated measures of @entity286 / @entity1239 withdrawal, expired air @entity1223 , urine concentrations of @entity4874 and NNAL (one TSN biomarker), puff volume, duration, number, and interpuff interval. RESULTS: Relative to own brand, Advance produced similar withdrawal suppression, slightly lower @entity1223 , equivalent @entity4874 , and 51% lower NNAL concentrations. The lowest @entity4874 and NNAL concentrations were observed in the no cigarette condition. @entity1 took fewer puffs when smoking Advance. CONCLUSIONS: Past experience with PREPs that failed to reduce smoking's harm demonstrates the need for clinical methods in PREP evaluation. This study shows how assessing PREP induced changes in withdrawal and exposure to @entity1223 , @entity1239 , and carcinogens may help predict PREP harm reduction potential. Adequate withdrawal suppression, slightly lower concentrations of @entity1223 , and reduction of one TSN biomarker were observed for Advance. In the future, clinical methods like those described here may be valuable for evaluating PREPs before they are marketed publicly.

XXXX specific nitrosamines and potential reduced exposure products for smokers: a preliminary evaluation of Advance.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS'] @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco'] @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['day condition'] @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide'] @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine'] @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine'] @entity22463 :: ('CHEBI:35803', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrosamine']
@entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']
