There are very few resistance records on @entity291 @entity2199 . South American successive records have been increasing rapidly since the year 2000. In Argentina, increasing dissatisfaction based on the exclusive use of @entity35606 has prompted the use of @entity13641 in the Pampean region. The studied farm is located in the Argentina humid Pampas and had apparently poor results after anthelmintic treatments. Evaluation of resistance was firstly based on faecal egg reduction after treatment in November 2001 and June 2002 and was complemented with worm counts obtained by necropsy in June 2002. The study reports that the reduction of faecal egg excretion after @entity9158 (reduction 31-79%) or @entity3070 treatments (76-97%) in November 2001 was insufficient and these poor results were confirmed in June 2002 ( @entity13641 (65-89%) and @entity3070 (47-77%)). Several methods for evaluating faecal egg count reduction were performed and yielded different results. A new method based on the estimated faecal egg counts (corrected from the initial faecal egg counts and animal type using a general linear model) was used and gave higher flexibility in the interpretation of putative resistance to anthelmintics. From necropsy results, it could be concluded that @entity5724 was resistant to @entity23602 and @entity13641 and that Cooperia punctata, Ostertagia ostertagi and Haemonchus placei were resistant to @entity13641 . This case of multispecies and multidrug resistance is probably not unique and could reflect the emergence of resistances in Argentina. This emergence is probably due to the intensive use of anthelmintics, the absence of refugia, and the frequent circulation of infected @entity291 .

Multispecies and multiple anthelmintic resistance on @entity291 XXXX in a farm in Argentina: the beginning of high resistance?

@entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin'] @entity5724 :: ('27828', 'Species') :: ['Cooperia oncophora'] @entity23602 :: ('MESH:C019264', 'Chemical') :: ['avermectins'] @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematodes'] @entity13641 :: ('MESH:D001562', 'Chemical') :: ['benzimidazoles'] @entity9158 :: ('MESH:C031000', 'Chemical') :: ['benzimidazole'] @entity35606 :: ('CHEBI:63944', 'Chemical') :: ['macrocyclic lactones'] @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cattle']
@entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['nematodes']
