PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine whether the type of operation, sphincter sparing procedures (SSP) or @entity9 ( @entity9 ) for primary @entity188 at or below the peritoneal reflection affects survival and recurrence after curative surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective controlled study of seventy nine @entity1 with @entity189 was done between January 1999 and March 2003. Two types of operations were done; SSP (43 @entity1 ) including a low anterior resection with either double-stapling technique (DST) (18) or hand-sewn colorectal anastomosis (HSA) (25), and @entity9 (36 @entity1 ). The outcome factors evaluated were operative time, intraoperative @entity190 , mortality, morbidity, disease-free survival and @entity5 recurrence. @entity1 have been followed-up for a minimum of 12 months (mean time 32 months). RESULTS: Out of 43 @entity1 who underwent SSP, there was one mortality, and 7 morbidities. @entity834 occurred in 4 cases; one @entity1 needed colostomy. In @entity9 group, no mortalities and 6 morbidities were found. Morbidity was similar in both groups. The local recurrence rates for SSP and @entity9 were 13.8% and 22.2%, respectively (p = 0.540), and the distant metastases rates were 11.1% and 8.3%, respectively (p = 1.000). Two-year disease-free survival rates for SSP and @entity9 @entity1 were 73.3% and 66.7%, respectively (p = 0.121). Intraoperative @entity190 was significantly lower in SSP groups. CONCLUSIONS: Sphincter saving procedures can be performed to all @entity1 with @entity189 regardless of the site of the lesion so long the distal and lateral margins are clear. Survival and the risk of local recurrence are similar to that obtained by standard @entity9 . Unlike @entity9 , sphincter saving procedures preserve the continence and give accepted good quality of life.

Sphincter sparing procedures: is it a standard for management of low XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage'] @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['low rectal carcinoma', 'rectal carcinoma'] @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the rectum'] @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['APR', 'abdomino-perineal resection']
@entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']
