UNASSIGNED: Whey protein is a highly functional food ingredient used in a wide variety of applications. A large portion of fluid whey produced in the United States is derived from Cheddar cheese manufacture and contains annatto ( @entity68285 ), and therefore must be bleached. The objective of this study was to compare sensory and functionality differences between whey protein isolate (WPI) bleached by @entity18575 (BP) or @entity273 (HP). HP and @entity1131 and unbleached controls were manufactured in triplicate. Descriptive sensory analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were conducted to determine flavor differences between treatments. Functionality differences were evaluated by measurement of foam stability, protein solubility, @entity214 -PAGE, and effect of @entity4202 concentration on gelation relative to an unbleached control. HP bleached WPI had higher concentrations of lipid oxidation and @entity599 containing volatile compounds than both BP and unbleached WPI (P < 0.05). HP bleached WPI was characterized by high aroma intensity, cardboard, cabbage, and @entity1560 , while @entity1131 was differentiated by low bitter taste. Overrun and yield stress were not different among WPI (P < 0.05). Soluble protein loss at pH 4.6 of WPI decreased by bleaching with either @entity273 or @entity18575 (P < 0.05), and the heat stability of WPI was also distinct among WPI (P < 0.05). @entity214 PAGE results suggested that bleaching of whey with either BP or HP resulted in @entity1797 , which likely contributed to functionality differences. These results demonstrate that bleaching has flavor effects as well as effects on many of the functionality characteristics of whey proteins.

Sensory and Functionality Differences of Whey Protein Isolate Bleached by Hydrogen or XXXX .

@entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty flavors'] @entity18575 :: ('MESH:D001585', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoyl peroxide'] @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['BP bleached WPI'] @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['protein degradation'] @entity68285 :: ('MESH:C099823', 'Chemical') :: ['norbixin'] @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide'] @entity4202 :: ('D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['NaCl'] @entity599 :: ('MESH:D013455', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur'] @entity214 :: ('CHEBI:8984', 'Chemical') :: ['SDS']
@entity18575 :: (MESH:D001585,Chemical) :: ['Benzoyl Peroxide']
