BACKGROUND: Closed soft tissue injury induces progressive @entity409 and regional @entity32 . The authors tested the hypothesis that adverse trauma-induced effects can be reduced by local cooling. While superficial cooling reduces swelling, @entity158 , and cellular @entity26 demand, the effects of cryotherapy on posttraumatic microcirculation are incompletely understood. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: After a standardized closed soft tissue injury to the left tibial compartment, male @entity35 were randomly subjected to percutaneous perfusion for 6 hours with 0.9% NaCL (controls; room temperature) or cold @entity1219 (cryotherapy; 8 degrees C) (n = 7 per group). Uninjured @entity35 served as shams (n = 7). Microcirculatory changes and leukocyte adherence were determined by intravital microscopy. Intramuscular pressure was measured, and invasion of granulocytes and macrophages was assessed by immunohistochemistry. @entity4 and @entity3145 was quantified by gravimetry and decreased desmin staining. RESULTS: Closed soft tissue injury significantly decreased functional capillary density (240 +/- 12 cm(-1)); increased microvascular permeability (0.75 +/- 0.03), endothelial leukocyte adherence (995 +/- 77/cm(2)), granulocyte (182.0 +/- 25.5/mm(2)) and macrophage infiltration, @entity4 formation, and myonecrosis (ratio: 2.95 +/- 0.45) within the left extensor digitorum longus muscle. Cryotherapy for 6 hours significantly restored diminished functional capillary density (393 +/- 35), markedly decreased elevated intramuscular pressure, reduced the number of adhering (462 +/- 188/cm(2)) and invading granulocytes (119 +/- 28), and attenuated @entity3145 (ratio: 1.7 +/- 0.17). CONCLUSION: The hypothesis that prolonged cooling reduces posttraumatic @entity409 , @entity32 , and structural impairment was confirmed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results may have therapeutic implications as cryotherapy after closed soft tissue injury is a valuable therapeutic approach to improve nutritive perfusion and attenuate leukocyte-mediated tissue destruction. The risk for evolving @entity2054 may be reduced, thereby preventing further irreversible aggravation.

Prolonged superficial local cryotherapy attenuates microcirculatory impairment, regional XXXX , and muscle necrosis after closed soft tissue injury in @entity35 .

@entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage'] @entity1219 :: ('CHEBI:26710', 'Chemical') :: ['NaCL'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular dysfunction'] @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'Edema'] @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats']
@entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']
