OBJECTIVES: @entity3168 species are anaerobic bacilli that are rarely reported as etiologic agents of @entity5414 . Previous cases of @entity625 caused by @entity3168 ramosum have not been reported. We describe the first 2 cases of C. ramosum @entity625 . METHODS: We reviewed the etiology of @entity625 in our hospital during the previous 15 years. RESULTS: Both @entity1 had underlying immunocompromising conditions and their @entity281 involved a joint with preexisting disease: @entity1 1 had @entity4789 and a prosthetic joint; @entity1 2, @entity177 on dialysis and @entity570 . The @entity281 was hematogenously acquired and the course was indolent but destructive in both the cases. Management included open arthrotomy and resection arthroplasty. The @entity281 had a persisting and relapsing course, and prolonged antibiotic treatment was required. In the literature review, we found 55 previous cases of @entity625 caused by @entity3168 species between 1966 and 2014; @entity3168 was the most common infecting species; the @entity281 was traumatically acquired in most of the cases. A total of 15 @entity1 have been described with @entity281 caused by C. ramosum; none had @entity5414 . The majority were elderly or immunocompromised adults. Proper collection, transportation and processing of clinical specimens is essential for diagnosing @entity281 . More information about the best management of @entity625 are needed. CONCLUSIONS: We describe the first 2 cases of @entity5414 caused by C. ramosum. They shared several pathogenic and clinical features. The possibility of anaerobic @entity625 should always be considered when collecting diagnostic specimens. An increasing number of @entity625 cases are likely to be diagnosed in future years.

XXXX due to @entity3168 ramosum.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic arthritis'] @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['clostridial arthritis', 'arthritis'] @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis', 'infectious arthritis'] @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium', 'Clostridium perfringens'] @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'clostridial infections'] @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis']
@entity5414 :: (MESH:D001170,Disease) :: ['Septic arthritis']
