In the present review, the main objective was to describe the epidemiology and clinical features of ciguatera fish poisoning in Hong Kong. From 1989 to 2008, the annual incidence of ciguatera varied between 3.3 and 64.9 (median 10.2) per million @entity1 . The groupers have replaced the snappers as the most important cause of ciguatera. Pacific-ciguatoxins ( @entity3525 ) are most commonly present in reef fish samples implicated in ciguatera outbreaks. In affected subjects, the @entity344 often subside within days, whereas the neurological symptoms can persist for weeks or even months. @entity1168 and @entity551 , which can be life-threatening, are common. Treatment of ciguatera is primarily supportive and symptomatic. Intravenous @entity2656 (1 g/kg) has also been suggested. To prevent ciguatera outbreaks, the public should be educated to avoid eating large coral reef fishes, especially the @entity3525 -rich parts. A Code of Practice on Import and Sale of Live Marine Fish for @entity1 Consumption for Prevention and Control of @entity36303 was introduced from 2004 to 2013. The Food Safety Ordinance with a tracing mechanism came into full effect in February 2012. The Government would be able to trace the sources of the fishes more effectively and take prompt action when dealing with ciguatera incidents.

Epidemiology and Clinical Features of XXXX in Hong Kong.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Human', 'people'] @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol'] @entity3525 :: ('CHEBI:36467', 'Chemical') :: ['CTX'] @entity36303 :: ('MESH:D036841', 'Disease') :: ['Ciguatera Fish Poisoning'] @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms'] @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension'] @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['Bradycardia']
@entity36303 :: (MESH:D036841,Disease) :: ['Ciguatera Fish Poisoning']
