@entity2331 is responsible for substantial comorbidity in @entity1 suffering from @entity309 and is an important factor in the surgical management of @entity2720 . In animal models of @entity604 stimulated by @entity625 , @entity79 and altered microstructure of bone have been documented. The subchondral bone plate near the joint surface is narrow and perforated by vascular inflammatory invasion, and in the shaft the thin cortices are weakened by giant resorption defects. Biomechanical tests and a mathematical model of bone strength suggest that @entity154 , much larger than those found in @entity5707 , are principally responsible for the experimentally observed loss of strength. Similarly, these defects may explain the @entity174 risk in @entity309 . The osteoclast, the cell resorbing bone, is demonstrated in increased number and activity in @entity309 and in animal models. Bisphosphonates, drugs that inhibit osteoclast function, have been shown experimentally to reduce both focal and generalized @entity2331 and to prevent loss of bone strength. @entity171 also protect articular cartilage from damage characteristic of @entity625 . The mechanism of chondroprotection may be prevention of subchondral bone resorption by the osteoclast and also an altered distribution of bone marrow cells. Thus, @entity171 , currently in clinical use for other bone @entity209 , appear to have potential as prophylaxis and treatment for @entity2331 and @entity16 in @entity625 .

XXXX in @entity625 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['cortical defects'] @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis'] @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['increased femoral fracture'] @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['Bisphosphonates', 'bisphosphonates'] @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases'] @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss'] @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['joint damage'] @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['increased bone remodelling'] @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia', 'Osteopenia'] @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['normal osteonal remodelling'] @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint disease'] @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']
@entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['Abnormal bone remodelling']
