UNASSIGNED: Epithelial to mesenchymal cell transition ( @entity958 ), whereby fully differentiated epithelial cells transition to a mesenchymal phenotype, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ). @entity366 and its ligands are recognized to play a protective role in @entity3794 . In this study, we investigated the presence and extent of @entity958 and @entity366 expression in @entity1 @entity2416 surgical lung biopsies and assessed whether @entity366 and its ligand @entity373 modulate @entity958 in alveolar epithelial cells. Coexpression of the epithelial marker @entity7457 and the mesenchymal marker a-smooth muscle actin and @entity366 expression was examined by immunohistochemical staining of @entity2416 surgical lung biopsies. Epithelial and mesenchymal marker expression was examined by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence in @entity1 alveolar epithelial (A549) cells treated with @entity2533 and @entity373 , with @entity2536 , @entity7379 , and @entity8110 expression and cellular localization examined by Western blotting. We found that significantly more cells were undergoing @entity958 in fibrotic versus normal areas of lung in @entity2416 surgical lung biopsy samples. @entity366 was expressed by type II pneumocytes and fibroblasts in fibrotic areas in close proximity to cells undergoing @entity958 . In vitro, @entity373 abrogated @entity2533 -induced @entity958 . A decrease in @entity2533 -induced phosphorylation of @entity2536 and @entity7379 occurred with @entity373 treatment. This was associated with increased shuttling of @entity8110 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it inhibits Smad phosphorylation. This suggests a role for @entity958 in the pathogenesis of @entity2416 and provides a novel mechanism for the inhibitory effects of @entity373 on @entity2533 -induced @entity958 .

XXXX Regulates @entity2533 -Induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in @entity1 Alveolar Epithelial Cells.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity7379 :: ('4088', 'Gene') :: ['Smad3'] @entity2536 :: ('4087', 'Gene') :: ['Smad2'] @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis'] @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Gene') :: ['EMT'] @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis'] @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b1'] @entity373 :: ('4283', 'Gene') :: ['CXCL9'] @entity366 :: ('2833', 'Gene') :: ['CXCR3'] @entity8110 :: ('4092', 'Gene') :: ['Smad7'] @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['thyroid transcription factor-1']
@entity373 :: (4283,Gene) :: ['CXCL9']
