BACKGROUND: Although cytokines are known to be pivotal in the development of @entity731 , few data exist regarding their expressions in the established stages such as @entity432 . Therefore, in the present study the gene expression levels of cytokine-related substances in @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) and @entity543 ( @entity543 ) were determined using cDNA macroarray and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. METHODS AND RESULTS: Tissue samples were obtained from 31 @entity1 with @entity1028 and 24 with @entity543 . The array-specific [33P]-labeled cDNA probe mixture synthesized from 2.5 microg total RNA with gene-specific primers was hybridized with nylon membranes containing 375 cDNA clones. Densitometric analysis confirmed differences in expression (>5-fold) for 97 of the cytokine-related gene products between @entity1028 and adjacent control tissue. Among these, simultaneous upregulation was found in the expression of @entity687 (9-fold) and its receptor, @entity7416 (11-fold). Thus, the expressions of @entity687 and @entity7416 were further quantified by real-time RT-PCR. The expression of both the genes was significantly upregulated in both @entity1028 and @entity543 compared with control regions as followed: @entity687 =0.53+/-0.16 vs 0.11+/-0.04 (p<0.01); @entity7416 =2.04+/-0.75 vs 0.29+/-0.10 (p<0.01) in @entity1028 , and @entity687 =1.35 +/-0.25 vs 0.60+/-0.16; @entity7416 =2.00 +/-0.51 vs 0.58+/-0.21 (p<0.05) in @entity543 . Under these conditions, the gene expressions of @entity2842 , @entity9172 , were not significantly different in the control and diseased regions of both @entity1028 and @entity543 . CONCLUSIONS: Sustained upregulation of @entity687 and @entity7416 was observed in both @entity1028 and @entity543 , suggesting the inflammatory process is still active in established dilated and occlusive @entity731 . Whether upregulation of this system could be protective or not protective for disease development requires further study.

Sustained upregulation of inflammatory chemokine and its receptor in aneurysmal and occlusive XXXX : results form tissue analysis with cDNA macroarray and real-time reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction methods.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity9172 :: ('729230', 'Gene') :: ['CCR-2'] @entity7416 :: ('3579', 'Gene') :: ['CXCR-2'] @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and its receptor'] @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal or occlusive lesions'] @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic diseases'] @entity687 :: ('3576', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin (IL)-8', 'IL-8'] @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis', 'CAS'] @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']
@entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic disease']
