@entity4784 ( @entity4784 ) is a common adverse effect associated with opioid therapy. @entity4784 is commonly described as @entity1142 ; however, it is a constellation of adverse gastrointestinal (GI) effects, which also includes abdominal cramping, bloating, and @entity354 . The mechanism for these effects is mediated primarily by stimulation of opioid receptors in the GI tract. In @entity1 with @entity158 , uncontrolled symptoms of @entity4784 can add to their discomfort and may serve as a barrier to effective @entity158 management, limiting therapy, or prompting discontinuation. @entity1 with @entity5 may have disease-related @entity1142 , which is usually worsened by opioid therapy. However, @entity4784 is not limited to @entity5 @entity1 . A recent survey of @entity1 taking opioid therapy for @entity158 of noncancer origin found that approximately 40% of @entity1 experienced @entity1142 related to opioid therapy (<3 complete bowel movements per week) compared with 7.6% in a control group. Of subjects who required laxative therapy, only 46% of opioid-treated @entity1 (control subjects, 84%) reported achieving the desired treatment results >50% of the time. Laxatives prescribed prophylactically and throughout opioid therapy may improve bowel movements in many @entity1 . Nevertheless, a substantial number of @entity1 will not obtain adequate relief of @entity4784 because of its refractory nature. @entity1510 and other tertiary opioid receptor antagonists effectively reduce the symptoms of @entity1142 in opioid-treated @entity1 . However, because they also act centrally, they may provoke @entity3347 or reverse @entity1337 in some @entity1 . There are 2 peripherally selective opioid receptor antagonists, @entity25716 and ADL 8-2698 (Adolor Corporation, Exton, PA, USA), that are currently under investigation for their use in treating @entity4784 . Early studies confirm that they are effective at normalizing bowel function in opioid-treated @entity1 without entering the central nervous system and affecting @entity1337 . With a better understanding of the prevalence of @entity4784 and its pathophysiology, a more aggressive approach to preventing and treating @entity4784 is possible and will likely improve the quality of life of @entity1 with @entity158 .

Incidence, prevalence, and management of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['opioid withdrawal symptoms'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer'] @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['OBD', 'Opioid bowel dysfunction'] @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia'] @entity25716 :: ('MESH:C032257', 'Chemical') :: ['methylnaltrexone'] @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain'] @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux'] @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']
@entity4784 :: (MESH:D009293,Disease) :: ['opioid bowel dysfunction']
