BACKGROUND: The challenging task of @entity282 relief comes within the realm of the anesthesiologist. @entity4282 ( @entity4282 ) anesthesia can be used as the sole technique for carrying out surgical procedures and managing @entity282 using various drug regimes. Epidural administration of opioids in combination with local anesthetic agents in low dose offers new dimensions in the management of @entity282 . AIMS: Comparative evaluation of @entity1341 with @entity5889 versus @entity1341 with @entity1340 for postoperative @entity1337 in lower limb orthopedic surgeries under @entity4282 anesthesia to know the quality of @entity1337 , incidence of side effects, surgical outcome and level of @entity1 satisfaction. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A prospective, randomized and double-blind study was conducted involving 80 @entity1 of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II coming for elective lower limb orthopedic surgeries carried under spinal anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anesthesia was given with 0.5% of 2.5 ml @entity1341 intrathecally in both the groups. Epidurally 0.25% @entity1341 along with 10 mg @entity5889 (group A) or @entity1340 100 mg (group B) diluted to 2 ml to make a total volume of 10 ml was administered at sensory regression to T10. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The data were collected, compiled and statistically analyzed with the help of @entity15 Excel, EPI Info 6 and SPSS to draw the relative conclusions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The mean duration of @entity1337 in group A was 380    11.49 min and in group B was 380    9.8 min. The mean sedation score was found to be more in group B than group A. The mean @entity1 satisfaction score in group A was 4.40    0.871 and in group B was 3.90    1.150 which was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). We concluded that the addition of @entity5889 with @entity1341 was effective for postoperative @entity1337 in terms of quality of @entity1337 and @entity1 satisfaction score as compared to @entity1340 .

Epidural XXXX for postoperative @entity1337 in orthopedic surgery.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['Combined spinal epidural', 'CSE'] @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol'] @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia'] @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine', 'bupivacaine hydrochloride'] @entity5889 :: ('MESH:D009266', 'Chemical') :: ['nalbuphine'] @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain'] @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS']
@entity5889 :: (MESH:D009266,Chemical) :: ['nalbuphine']
