UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Intraoperative @entity397 occurs in approximately 9.2% of all cranial @entity439 surgeries. This event is not merely a surgical complication, it is also a real surgical crisis that requires @entity514 and decisive action. Neurosurgical residents may have little exposure to this event, but they may face it in their practice. Laboratory training would be invaluable for developing competency in addressing this crisis. In this study, the authors present the "live cadaver" model, which allows repetitive training under lifelike conditions for residents and other trainees to practice managing this crisis. METHODS The authors have used the live cadaver model in 13 training courses from 2009 to 2014 to train residents and neurosurgeons in the management of intraoperative @entity1756 . Twenty-three cadaveric head specimens harboring 57 artificial and 2 real @entity439 were used in these courses. Specimens were specially prepared for this technique and connected to a pump that sent artificial blood into the vessels. This setting created a lifelike situation in the cadaver that simulates live surgery in terms of @entity548 , pulsation, and softness of tissue. RESULTS A total of 203 neurosurgical residents and 89 neurosurgeons and faculty members have practiced and experienced the live cadaver model. Clipping of the @entity439 and management of an intraoperative @entity397 was first demonstrated by an instructor. Then, trainees worked for 20- to 30-minute sessions each, during which they practiced clipping and reconstruction techniques and managed intraoperative @entity397 . Ninety-one of the @entity1 (27 faculty members and 64 @entity1 ) completed a questionnaire to rate their personal experience with the model. Most either agreed or strongly agreed that the model was a valid simulation of the conditions of live surgery on @entity438 and represents a realistic simulation of aneurysmal clipping and intraoperative @entity397 . Actual performance improvement with this model will require detailed measurement for validating its effectiveness. The model lends itself to evaluation using precise performance measurements. CONCLUSIONS The live cadaver model presents a useful simulation of the conditions of live surgery for clipping @entity438 and managing intraoperative @entity397 . This model provides a means of practice and promotes team management of intraoperative cerebrovascular critical events. Precise metric measurement for evaluation of training performance improvement can be applied.

"Live cadavers" for training in the management of intraoperative XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants'] @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding'] @entity514 :: ('8895', 'Species') :: ['swift'] @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms'] @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures', 'rupture'] @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm'] @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal rupture']
@entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal rupture']
