OBJECTIVES: To investigate possible social, lifestyle-related and biological predictors of @entity7793 in middle-aged @entity1 , followed prospectively for 11 years. DESIGN: A prospective, population-based, cohort follow-up, observational study. SETTING: Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. SUBJECTS: A total of 493 female subjects, all aged 40 years at baseline, and divided into three groups according to self-reported menopausal age (40-45, 46-51, 51+ years), after 12 months of @entity4999 . @entity1 having had medical or surgical interventions to influence menopausal state were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body mass index, @entity413 , insulin, lipids, @entity1011 , @entity414 , thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), lung function tests (forced VC, FEV1, peak flow), blood pressure; a self-administered questionnaire with questions on psychosocial variables, lifestyle, and self-rated health. RESULTS: An early menopausal age correlated in an univariate way with @entity73 , increased smoking habits and low social class (in childhood or present), as well as with a feeling of tiredness, all measured at the baseline investigation. On the contrary, a later menopausal age correlated with higher serum insulin and @entity414 levels. In multiple regression analysis, with menopausal age as the dependent variable, it was found that smoking habits (number of years smoking) was inversely (P < 0.001), and insulin as well as @entity414 were positively (P < 0.05) correlated with menopausal age. CONCLUSIONS: Females who smoke run an increased risk of @entity7793 , whereas relative hyperinsulinaemia is independently associated with later menopause. At the age of 40 years, high insulin levels in females might be just a marker for normal female sex hormone physiology, not for insulin resistance, as seen in postmenopausal female subjects. Early menopause might be useful as a potential model of @entity1240 .

Social and biological predictors of @entity7793 : a model for XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women'] @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired lung function'] @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['early menopause'] @entity1240 :: ('MESH:D019588', 'Disease') :: ['premature ageing'] @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine'] @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose'] @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']
@entity1240 :: (MESH:D019588,Disease) :: ['premature aging']
