Salivary @entity29073 ( @entity29073 ), a potent toxin for the @entity1 fungal pathogen @entity5132 , induces noncytolytic efflux of cellular @entity855 , @entity972 , and @entity1760 in the absence of cytolysis, implicating these ion movements in the toxin's fungicidal activity. @entity29073 action on Candida resembles, in many respects, the action of the K1 killer toxin on @entity375 , and in that system the @entity375 plasma membrane @entity972 channel, @entity70316 , has recently been reported to be a primary target of toxin action. The question of whether the Candida homologue of @entity375 @entity70316 might be a primary target of @entity29073 action has now been investigated by disruption of the @entity5132 @entity70316 gene. The resultant strains ( @entity70316 / @entity70316 ) and ( @entity70316 / @entity70316 ) were compared with wild-type Candida ( @entity70316 / @entity70316 ) for relative @entity855 leakage and killing in response to @entity29073 . Patch-clamp measurements on Candida protoplasts were used to verify the functional deletion of @entity70316 and to provide its first description in Candida. @entity70316 is an outwardly rectifying, noisily gated, 40-pS channel, very similar to that described in @entity375 . Knockout of CaTOK1 ( @entity70316 / @entity70316 ) completely abolishes the currents and gating events characteristic of @entity70316 . Also, knockout ( @entity70316 / @entity70316 ) increases residual viability of Candida after @entity29073 treatment to 27%, from 7% in the wild type, while the single allele deletion ( @entity70316 / @entity70316 ) increases viability to 18%. Comparable results were obtained for Hst-induced @entity855 efflux, but quantitative features of @entity855 loss suggest that wild-type @entity70316 genes function cooperatively. Overall, very substantial killing and @entity855 efflux are produced by @entity29073 treatment after complete knockout of wild-type @entity70316 , making clear that @entity70316 channels are not the primary site of @entity29073 action, even though they do play a modulating role.

Killing of XXXX by @entity1 salivary @entity29073 is modulated, but not determined, by the @entity972 channel TOK1.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity70316 :: ('853352(Tax:4932)', 'Gene') :: ['TOK1', 'tok1', 'Tok1p'] @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans'] @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium'] @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces', 'yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae'] @entity29073 :: ('3347', 'Gene') :: ['Hst 5', 'histatin 5'] @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['ATP'] @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']
@entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']
