The @entity209 consists of @entity28 , insulin resistance, @entity2299 , @entity731 , and @entity101 . Its clinical outcomes are @entity64 , @entity583 , and @entity164 2 @entity6 . Each of these is more frequent in African-Americans than in Caucasians. This is surprising since most studies indicate that the incidence of the @entity209 is lower in African-American than Caucasian adults. There is growing evidence that adult @entity65 has its origin in childhood and adolescents. Thus, it is important that we understand differences in the pathophysiological precursors to metabolic and @entity65 in this age group. Many studies, but not all, have demonstrated that African-American @entity1 and adolescents are insulin resistant compared to similar age Caucasians. The increased insulin resistance occurs in spite of lower @entity412 levels. Low @entity412 levels are usually associated with @entity1720 . There is evidence that the relationship between @entity1674 and insulin sensitivity differs between the two races. African-Americans compensate for the increased insulin resistance by @entity101 and insulin clearance. Interestingly, those studies that have not found increased insulin resistance in African-Americans have found increased insulin secretion suggesting the increased secretion may precede the insulin resistance. @entity3190 and insulin resistance are linked to @entity409 in adults and African-American adolescents have poorer endothelial function than do Caucasians. In African-American adolescents, endothelial function decreases as insulin secretion increases. It is likely that the @entity3190 , insulin resistance and @entity409 in adolescent African-American adolescents play an important role in the increased rates of @entity65 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . Future research should focus on the mechanisms of these abnormalities and ways to prevent their development in this age group.

XXXX racial differences in adolescents.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children'] @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'increasing insulin secretion'] @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity'] @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia'] @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes'] @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides'] @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction'] @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinism', 'Hyperinsulinism'] @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride'] @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['type'] @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome'] @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis'] @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['increased insulin sensitivity'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']
@entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Metabolic syndrome']
