The present study investigated the effects of intrathecal (i.t.) application of @entity291 adrenal medulla 22 (BAM22), an endogenous opioid peptide potently activating opioid receptors and sensory neuron-specific receptor (SNSR), on a model of complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 )-induced in   @entity158 . Unilateral, but not bilateral, in   @entity158 was induced by intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of @entity3795 in one side, as indicated by the shortened paw withdrawal latency and the increased @entity4 of paw. Paw withdrawal latency test, paw @entity4 determination and immunohistochemistry were used in @entity3795 -induced in   @entity158 model after i.t. administration of BAM22 or saline. It was found that administration of BAM22 dose-dependently attenuated @entity3795 -induced @entity1931 and @entity4 , and resumed antinociceptive effects against thermal stimulation in behavioral test. In 10 nmol BAM22 group, paw withdrawal latency was resumed to 83.2% of normal, and @entity4 increased only by 60% of normal at 48 h. The potency of BAM22 was 33.5% of @entity24882 ( @entity24882 ) at 24 h, and the antinociception persisted for at least 1 h. Furthermore, i.t. treatment of 10 nmol BAM22 evidently decreased the expressions of @entity3795 -evoked neuronal @entity842 synthase (nNOS)-positive cells and calcitonin gene-related peptide ( @entity10132 )-immunoreactivity positive nerve fibers by 25.6% (P<0.01) and 25.2% (P<0.001) compared with saline group, respectively, at L3-L5 segments of the spinal cord. Small and medium @entity10132 -positive cells were 57.4% and 35.2% in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in 10 nmol BAM22 group, respectively, which were remarkably lower than those in saline group (P<0.001). The present study suggests that BAM22 relieves @entity3795 -induced thermal @entity1931 in the early phase and resumes antinociceptive effects through down-regulation of nNOS and @entity10132 expressions in DRG and spinal cord, which is possibly mediated via SNSR.

[ XXXX adrenal medulla 22 @entity1931 in the early phase of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation in rats].

@entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia'] @entity24882 :: ('MESH:D065606', 'Disease') :: ['MPE', 'maximal possible effect'] @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema'] @entity10132 :: ('796', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP'] @entity3795 :: ('31658', 'Species') :: ['CFA'] @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ammatory pain'] @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['bovine']
@entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bovine']
