RATIONALE: The aim of bronchial thermoplasty is to improve @entity565 symptoms by reducing central airway smooth muscle mass. Up to now, the reduction of smooth muscle mass has been documented for only 1 group of 10 @entity1 who had 15% or more of their pretreatment total bronchial biopsy area occupied by smooth muscle. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of bronchial thermoplasty on airway smooth muscle mass and airway collagen deposition in adult @entity1 with @entity565 , regardless of pretreatment smooth muscle area. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity565 underwent bronchial thermoplasty over the course of three visits. At Visit 1, bronchial biopsies were taken from the lower lobe that was not treated during this session. At Visit 2 (3-14 wk after the first visit), all 17 @entity1 underwent biopsy of the lower lobe treated during the first procedure. At Visit 3 (7-22 wk after the first visit), nine @entity1 agreed to undergo biopsy of the same lower lobe. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on the biopsy specimens. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Bronchial thermoplasty decreased airway smooth muscle from 12.9        1.2% of the total biopsy surface at Visit 1 to 4.6        0.8% at Visit 2 (P   <   0.0001). For the nine @entity1 who underwent a third biopsy, mean airway smooth muscle area was 5.3        1.3% at Visit 3 (P   =   0.0008 compared with baseline). Bronchial thermoplasty also decreased Type I collagen deposition underneath the basement membrane from 6.8        0.3  m at Visit 1 to 4.3        0.2  m at Visit 2 (P   <   0.0001) and to 4.4        0.4  m for nine @entity1 at Visit 3 (P   <   0.0001 compared with baseline). Over the course of 1 year after treatment, the doses of inhaled @entity228 , the number of severe exacerbations, and @entity565 control all improved (P    <=   0.02). CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with severe @entity565 , bronchial thermoplasty reduced the smooth muscle mass of treated airway segments, regardless of the baseline level of muscle mass. Treatment also altered the deposition of collagen. At follow-up, bronchial thermoplasty improved @entity565 control; however, the limited number of subjects did not allow us to evaluate possible correlations between these improvements and the studied histological parameters. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and evaluate their persistence.

Effects of Bronchial Thermoplasty on Airway Smooth Muscle and Collagen Deposition in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma'] @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']
@entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Asthma']
