BACKGROUND: @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) are difficult to close. In this report, we describe a simple and safe technique of closing multiple muscular and apical @entity1757 . METHODS: Between January 2010 and December 2013, 52 @entity1 with a muscular @entity1757 either in isolation or in association with other @entity299 underwent surgery using this technique in which a black silk thread was passed through the suspected @entity1757 opening into the left ventricle and brought out through the mitral valve and the interatrial septum. Sutures were placed around the silk thread to close the @entity1757 . RESULTS: Out of 52 @entity1 , 34 were male; age ranged from 45 days to 5.5 years. In addition to the large subaortic/lage muscular @entity1757 , three additional @entity1757 were present in 34 @entity1 , two additional @entity1757 were present in 13 @entity1 , and five @entity1 had "Swiss Cheese septum." The @entity1757 were mid-muscular in 35 @entity1 and were apical in 17 @entity1 . Eleven @entity1 had associated complex lesions. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiograms did not reveal any significant residual shunt in any of these @entity1 . There was no step-up on oximetry. There was one @entity204 due to @entity295 . Follow-up was available in 48 @entity1 ; three @entity1 were lost to follow-up. At follow-up, no @entity1 had a residual @entity1757 . CONCLUSION: The biventricular approach through trans-right atrial, trans-interatrial septum using a thread through the hole method for closing multiple muscular @entity1757 is effective with no persistent residual defects.

A Simple Technique for Closing Multiple Muscular and Apical XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis'] @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'Multiple ventricular septal defects', 'VSDs'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['hospital death']
@entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['Ventricular Septal Defects']
