@entity22743 , @entity11141 and @entity117 are @entity3785 derivates. They differ in their substitution on the @entity7935 ring and may have different effects on membranes. Red blood cells were used as a prototypical cellular system regarding drug mediated plasma bilayer effects. Established photometric methods sensing tiny changes of red blood cell morphology at rest (red blood cell shape) and at very low shear forces (red blood cell stiffness, red blood cell relaxation time) were applied. The derivative induced effects were detected in a time- and dose-dependent manner. @entity22743 induced a most pronounced echinocytic shape at 5 mM. The shape effect was smaller above as well as below 5 mM. @entity11141 induced echinocytes with increasing concentrations showing a saturation above 10 mM. In contrast, the shape was not affected by @entity117 . All shape changes occurred within 2 min, and were reversible. The above tendencies were in parallel to a slight red blood cell stiffening. The relaxation time continuously increased with increasing concentrations in both @entity22743 and @entity11141 , with @entity22743 always acting stronger. @entity117 again showed no effect. We hypothesize that the observed effects of @entity11141 and @entity22743 are due to their phenolic character mediating a molecular hydrophobicity. According to the bilayer couple hypothesis this would lead to an insertion into the red blood cells outer plasma bilayer leaflet. The extension induced here would cause a positive membrane bending leading to echinocytic shapes and the observed loss of red blood cell fluidity. In contrast, the hydrophilic @entity117 would penetrate and thus not affect the red blood cell plasma membrane.

Effects of XXXX derivatives on red blood cell membranes.

@entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid'] @entity11141 :: ('MESH:D012980', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium salicylate', 'sodium salicylate'] @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid', 'Acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin'] @entity7935 :: ('MESH:D001554', 'Chemical') :: ['benzene'] @entity22743 :: ('MESH:C031060', 'Chemical') :: ['Salicylamide', 'salicylamide']
@entity3785 :: (MESH:D020156,Chemical) :: ['salicylic acid']
