INTRODUCTION: The aim of this article was to review and evaluate the published literature related to the outcome of @entity302 surgery, while placing it in an historical perspective, and to describe the future prospects in this field. STATE OF ART: Temporal lobe surgery achieves @entity410 freedom in about 70% of cases. @entity410 outcome is similar in the pediatric population. Extratemporal resections impart good results to 40% to 60% of @entity1 , with a better prognosis in the case of frontal lobe surgery. Pediatric hemispherotomy leads to @entity410 control in about 80% of @entity1 . Radiosurgery used as a treatment for temporal @entity302 has an outcome quite similar to that obtained with surgical resection, but provides a neuropsychological advantage. Radiosurgery is also effective in 60% of @entity1 treated for @entity410 related to @entity10128 . Regarding palliative surgery, callosotomy and multiple subpial transections show satisfactory outcomes in over 60% of cases. Neuromodulation techniques (vagus nerve stimulation and bilateral stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus) allow a 50% reduction of @entity410 in half of @entity1 . PERSPECTIVES: Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography seems a promising technique because of its diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applications. Transcranial ultrasound stimulation, which can reversibly control neuronal activity, is also under consideration. Concerning neuromodulation, trigeminal nerve stimulation may become an alternative to vagus nerve stimulation; while other targets of deep brain stimulation are being evaluated. Also, the possibility of coupling SEEG @entity410 focus detection with concomitant laser or radiofrequency focus destruction is under development. CONCLUSIONS: Constant evolution of @entity302 surgery has improved @entity1 outcomes over time. Current research and development axes suggest the continuation of this trend and a reduction of the invasiveness of surgical procedures.

[Evolution of ideas and techniques, and future prospects in XXXX surgery.]

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure'] @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['mesial epilepsy', 'epilepsy'] @entity10128 :: ('MESH:C537158', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic hamartoma']
@entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']
