UNASSIGNED: Positive-strand RNA [(+) RNA] viruses remodel cellular membranes to facilitate virus replication and assembly. In the case of @entity68316 ), the viral membrane protein 6K2 plays an essential role in endomembrane alterations. Although 6K2-induced membrane dynamics have been widely studied by confocal microscopy, the ultrastructure of this remodeling has not been extensively examined. In this study, we investigated the formation of @entity68316 -induced membrane changes by chemical fixation and high-pressure freezing/freeze substitution (HPF/FS) for transmission electron microscopy at different times of @entity281 . We observed the formation of convoluted membranes connected to rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) early in the @entity281 process, followed by the production of single-membrane vesicle-like (SMVL) structures at mid stage of @entity281 . Both SMVL and double-membrane vesicle-like structures with electron-dense cores, as well as electron-dense bodies, were found late in the @entity281 process. Immunogold labeling results showed that the vesicle-like structures were 6K2 tagged, and suggested that only the SMVL structures were viral RNA replication sites. Electron tomography (ET) was used to regenerate a three-dimensional model of these vesicle-like structures, which showed they were in fact tubules. Late in @entity281 , we observed filamentous particle bundles associated with electron-dense bodies, which suggests that these are sites for viral particle assembly. In addition, @entity68316 particles were observed to accumulate in the central vacuole as membrane-associated linear arrays. Our work thus unravels the sequential appearance of distinct @entity68316 -induced membrane structures for viral RNA replication, viral particle assembly and accumulation. IMPORTANCE: Positive-strand RNA viruses remodel cellular membranes for different stages of the infectious process, such as protein translation and processing, viral RNA synthesis, particle assembly, and virus transmission. The ultrastructure of the @entity68316 -induced membrane remodeling was investigated over several days of @entity281 . The first change that was observed involved endoplasmic reticulum-connected convoluted membrane accumulation. This was followed by the formation of single-membrane tubules, which were shown to be viral RNA replication sites. Later in the @entity281 process, double-membrane tubular structures were observed and were associated with viral particle bundles. In addition, @entity68316 particles were observed to accumulate in the central vacuole as membrane-associated linear arrays. This work thus unravels the sequential appearance of distinct @entity68316 -induced membrane structures for viral RNA replication, viral particle assembly and accumulation.

Ultrastructural characterization of XXXX induced cellular rearrangements reveal membrane-bound viral particles accumulating in vacuoles.

@entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection'] @entity68316 :: ('12230', 'Species') :: ['Turnip mosaic virus', 'Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV', 'TuMV']
@entity68316 :: (12230,Species) :: ['Turnip mosaic virus']
