BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for the reduction of weight and resolution of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The objective of this study was to longitudinally assess hormonal and tissue responses after RYGB. METHODS: Eight @entity1 (5 with @entity6 ) were studied before and after RYGB. A standardized test meal (STM) was administered before and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 months. Separately, a 2-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (E-clamp) and a 2-hour @entity1602 clamp (H-clamp) were performed before and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ) was infused during the last hour of the H-clamp. Body composition was assessed with DXA methodology. RESULTS: Enrollment body mass index was 49  3 kg/m(2) (X  SE). STM @entity413 and insulin responses were normalized by 3 and 6 months. @entity5445 level increased dramatically at 1, 3, and 6 months, normalizing by 12 and 15 months. Insulin sensitivity (M of E-clamp) increased progressively at 3-12 months as fat mass decreased. The insulin response to @entity413 alone fell progressively over 12 months but the @entity413 clearance/metabolism (M of H-clamp) did not change significantly until 12 months. In response to @entity5445 infusion, insulin levels fell progressively throughout the 12 months. CONCLUSION: The early hypersecretion of @entity5445 leads to @entity3190 and early normalization of @entity413 levels. The @entity5445 response normalizes within 1 year after surgery. Enhanced peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin starts at 3 months and is associated with fat mass loss. b-cell sensitivity improves at 12 months and after the loss of    33% of excess weight. There is a tightly controlled feedback loop between peripheral tissue sensitivity and b-cell and L-cell ( @entity5445 ) responses.

Mechanisms of type 2 XXXX resolution after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2 DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus'] @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia'] @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose'] @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['Glucagon-like peptide-1', 'GLP-1']
@entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']
