All @entity1 undergoing neurological surgery are at risk for serious complications. @entity16 presenting with @entity1269 or speech difficulties occurs in up to 6% of @entity1 undergoing cerebral bypass procedures and other complicated neurosurgical procedures. Currently available methods for detection of such damage include the use of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and electro-encephalography (EEG). Unfortunately, these techniques have false positives and may remain normal in the presence of severe focal @entity51 . Early detection of potential deficits may prevent or minimize damage through a change in operative or anaesthetic strategy. With the availability of several potential neuroprotective compounds, it is also possible to treat @entity1 at risk of developing ischaemic complications if the individuals are identified early. The excitatory neurotransmitter @entity2227 is not only a metabolic product, but is also thought to promote ischaemia induced cell injury if released into the extracellular space. It may be a significant parameter for ischaemic brain metabolism. In this report we describe 10 @entity1 who underwent extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) high flow bypass procedures with routine intra-operative monitoring (IOM) as well as intra-operative in-vivo microdialysis measurement of @entity2227 . Our aim was to compare intra-operative microdialytic findings and IOM findings with respect to @entity1 ' early postoperative clinical courses. Three @entity1 had significant intra-operative @entity2227 increases indicating ischaemia. Two of these @entity1 awoke with a new @entity51 ( @entity1269 ). Routine IOM findings were either normal or showed only transient changes during the time the @entity2227 levels were high. Our study shows that an increase in extracellular @entity2227 , as monitored by in-vivo microdialysis, is an excellent early market of @entity528 . While our @entity2227 measurements were done off-line, it may be possible to get in future continuous on-line measurements to serve as an early warning system for potential @entity16 .

An increase in extracellular @entity2227 is a sensitive method of detecting XXXX during cranial base and cerebrovascular surgery. An in vivo microdialysis study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate'] @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis'] @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic damage', 'Ischaemic damage'] @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits', 'neurological deficit'] @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']
@entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['ischaemic neuronal damage']
