@entity888 ( @entity7865 ) is a highly addictive psychostimulant, and cessation of use is associated with reduced @entity1154 signalling, and increased @entity148 / @entity308 states. Neurons expressing the neuropeptide, @entity22828 ( @entity22828 ), and its cognate receptor, @entity22829 , constitute a putative 'ascending arousal system', which shares neuroanatomical and functional similarities with @entity750 ( @entity750 )/dorsal raphe and @entity1063 (NA)/locus coeruleus @entity1154 systems. In light of possible synergistic roles of @entity22828 and @entity750 /NA, endogenous @entity22828 / @entity22829 signalling may compensate for the temporary reduction in @entity1154 signalling associated with chronic @entity7865 withdrawal, which could alter the profile of 'behavioural despair', bodyweight reductions, and increases in @entity4270 and @entity148 -like behaviours observed following chronic @entity7865 administration. In studies to test this theory, @entity22828 and @entity22829 knockout (KO) @entity19 and their wildtype (WT) littermates were injected once daily with saline or escalating doses of @entity7865 (2  mg/kg, i.p. on day 1, 4  mg/kg, i.p. on day 2 and 6  mg/kg, i.p. on day 3-10). WT and @entity22828 and @entity22829 KO @entity19 displayed an equivalent sensitivity to behavioural despair (Porsolt swim) during the 2-day @entity7865 withdrawal and similar bodyweight reductions on day 3 of @entity7865 treatment. Furthermore, during a 3-week period after the cessation of chronic @entity7865 exposure, @entity22828 KO, @entity22829 KO and corresponding WT @entity19 displayed similar behavioural responses in paradigms that measured @entity148 (light/dark box, elevated plus maze), @entity4270 ( @entity8021 preference), and social interaction. These findings indicate that a @entity15531 in endogenous @entity22828 / @entity22829 signalling does not markedly alter behavioural sensitivity to chronic @entity7865 treatment or withdrawal, but leave open the possibility of a more significant interaction with global or localised manipulations of this peptide system in the adult brain.

Sensitivity to Chronic @entity888 Administration and Withdrawal in @entity19 with XXXX / @entity22829 Deficiency.

@entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive'] @entity7865 :: ('D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['METH'] @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['Methamphetamine'] @entity22828 :: ('212108(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['RLN3', 'relaxin-3', 'Rln3'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity22829 :: ('239336(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['RXFP3', 'Rxfp3'] @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['anhedonia'] @entity15531 :: ('MESH:C531766', 'Disease') :: ['whole-of-life deficiency'] @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin'] @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety'] @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine'] @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', '5-HT'] @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']
@entity22828 :: (212108(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Relaxin-3']
