BACKGROUND: @entity286 , @entity167 and @entity281 are associated with increased risk of @entity213 . However, little is known about the underlying signaling events influencing risk. We aimed to investigate the relationship between these risk factors and @entity584 phosphorylation, to determine prognostic value. METHOD: VEGF-positive @entity213 biopsies, with known HPV status, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for @entity584 , phosphorylated at residues S473 and T308. Comparisons between the tissues were carried out using a Mann-Whitney U test. Associations between the variables and continuous immunohistochemical parameters were evaluated with general linear models. @entity1 characteristics and pAkt IHC score were analyzed for possible association with overall survival by Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry revealed that @entity5 @entity1 had significantly higher levels of pAkt T308 than S473 (P   <   0.001). Smoking and @entity167 were found to be independent risk factors for @entity584 phosphorylation at T308 (P   =   0.022 and 0.027, respectively). @entity1 with @entity5 positive for HPV or pAkt S473 had a poorer prognosis (P   =   0.005, and 0.004, respectively). @entity1 who were heavy drinkers were 49 times more likely to die than non-drinkers (P   =   0.003). @entity1 with low pAkt T308 were more likely to be HPV positive (P   =   0.028). Non-drinkers were also found to have lower levels of pAkt T308 and were more likely to have @entity5 positive for HPV than heavy drinkers (P   =   0.044 and 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study suggests different mechanisms of @entity105 are initiated by smoking, @entity167 and HPV. Our data propose higher phosphorylation of @entity584 at T308 as a reliable biomarker for smoking and @entity167 induced @entity213 progression and higher phosphorylation of @entity584 at S473 as a prognostic factor for @entity213 .

Activation of XXXX at T308 and S473 in @entity167 , @entity286 and HPV-induced @entity213 : is there evidence to support a prognostic or diagnostic role?

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient'] @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Tobacco'] @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors'] @entity584 :: ('207', 'Gene') :: ['Akt'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection'] @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis'] @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['HNSCC']
@entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['Akt']
