There is scarce evidence on suitable approaches for the treatment of unresponsive or residual periodontal sites in @entity6 @entity1 . This study assessed the effects of @entity954 ( @entity954 ) and nonsurgical debridement (NSD), associated with @entity115 and @entity868 , on clinical and immunological outcomes of residual pockets and adjacent healthy sites in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . A split-mouth, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 21 @entity1 presenting at least 2 residual pockets in contralateral quadrants 12 months after basic nonsurgical periodontal therapy. @entity1 received systemic antibiotics, and contralateral quadrants were assigned to receive @entity954 or NSD. The changes in clinical parameters were evaluated from baseline to 12 months. Local levels of 14 cytokines and chemokines were measured with multiplex bead immunoassays at baseline and 3 and 12 months after therapy. There were no statistically significant differences between @entity954 and NSD for changes in clinical parameters from baseline to 12 months (P > 0.05). There was a significantly greater increase in the levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 6 from baseline to 3 months in the healthy sites adjacent to residual pockets receiving @entity954 (P < 0.05). A significant decrease in the levels of @entity2842 and macrophage inflammatory protein 1a occurred from baseline to 12 months in the residual pockets treated by @entity954 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, @entity954 and NSD resulted in similar clinical benefits at 12 months. The short-term increase in the levels of proinflammatory biomarkers in @entity954 sites probably can be attributed to tissue @entity130 and healing, and the long-term decrease in the levels of chemotactic factors in residual pockets treated by surgery may reflect remission of @entity281 and stable wound healing in these sites at 12 months.

Local levels of biomarkers after surgical and nonsurgical debridement of residual pockets and nonresidual sites in @entity6 XXXX : a 12-month follow-up.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole'] @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes'] @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection'] @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['type'] @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'surgical debridement'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']
