UNASSIGNED: Recognition of microbial or viral compounds is crucial to elicit an immune response and @entity7944 ( @entity7944 ) form the first line of defence. An important family of @entity7944 are the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) with numerous evidences indicating their crucial role in identifying microbial or viral compounds. However, the danger theory, where the innate immune system responds to danger signals such as proteins released during damage or @entity39 rather than only non-self is gaining ground. Indeed, TLRs are able to recognise endogenous molecules and have been implicated as key players in numerous @entity792 including @entity785 ( @entity785 ). @entity2938 is known to be upregulated in @entity785 and has been shown to respond to the endogenous ligand amyloid A resulting in increased @entity650 secretion. @entity2939 is now known to respond to a variety of endogenous ligands including fibronectin, containing alternatively spliced exons encoding type III repeat @entity3506 ( @entity3506 ). @entity3506 is only expressed upon tissue damage, and elevated levels can be found in @entity785 @entity1 , @entity2416 and @entity299 , while deletion of @entity3506 or @entity2939 in @entity19 reduces their fibrotic response. Further, stimulation of @entity22879 with single-stranded RNA leads to increased expression of @entity2843 . This has been shown to require both @entity4102 and NF-kB with evidence suggesting autoantibodies bind to RNA to stimulate @entity2843 production in monocytes. Therefore, TLR-mediated signalling provides numerous potential therapeutic targets for development of therapies for the treatment of multi-systemic @entity792 .

Role of innate immune system in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['IL-6'] @entity3506 :: ('MESH:D010236', 'Disease') :: ['extra domain', 'EDA'] @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity4102 :: ('51135', 'Gene') :: ['IRAK4'] @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['PRRs', 'pattern recognition receptors'] @entity2938 :: ('7097', 'Gene') :: ['TLR2'] @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis'] @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac allograft fibrosis'] @entity2939 :: ('7099', 'Gene') :: ['TLR4'] @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases'] @entity22879 :: ('51311', 'Gene') :: ['TLR8'] @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']
@entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']
