BACKGROUND: Low- @entity1735 , ketogenic diets (LCKD) are effective for @entity353 , but concerns remain regarding cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an LCKD program on serum lipoprotein subclasses. METHODS: This was a randomized, two-arm clinical trial in an outpatient research clinic involving overweight, hyperlipidemic community volunteers motivated to lose weight. Subjects were randomized to either an LCKD (n = 59) and nutritional supplementation (including fish, borage and flaxseed oil), or a low-fat, reduced-calorie diet (LFD, n = 60). The main outcomes were @entity4053 serum lipoprotein subclasses determined by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of subjects was 44.9 years, the mean BMI was 34.4 kg/m(2), and 76% were @entity1 . Comparing baseline to 6 months, the LCKD group had significant changes in large VLDL (-78%), medium VLDL (-60%), small VLDL (-57%), LDL particle size (+2%), large LDL (+54%), medium LDL (-42%), small LDL (-78%), HDL particle size (+5%), large HDL (+21%), and LDL particle concentration (-11%). Compared with the LFD group, the LCKD group had greater reductions in medium VLDL (p = 0.01), small VLDL (p = 0.01) and medium LDL (p = 0.02), and greater increases in VLDL particle size (p = 0.01), large LDL (p = 0.004), and HDL particle size (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The LCKD with nutritional supplementation led to beneficial changes in serum lipid subclasses during @entity353 . While the LCKD did not lower total LDL @entity165 , it did result in a shift from small, dense LDL to large, buoyant LDL, which could lower @entity65 risk.

Effect of a low- @entity1735 , ketogenic diet program compared to a low-fat diet on XXXX lipoprotein subclasses.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women'] @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss'] @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate'] @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['fasting'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease'] @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']
@entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['fasting']
