INTRODUCTION: In the present study, we sought to identify markers in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated @entity1333 (AAV) that distinguish those achieving remission at 6  months following rituximab or @entity786 treatment from those for whom treatment failed in the Rituximab in @entity19417 (RAVE) trial. METHODS: Clinical and flow cytometry data from the RAVE trial were downloaded from the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal and Immune Tolerance Network TrialShare public repositories. Flow cytometry data were analyzed using validated automated gating and joined with clinical data. Lymphocyte and granulocyte populations were measured in @entity1 who achieved or failed to achieve remission. RESULTS: There was no difference in lymphocyte subsets and treatment outcome with either treatment. We defined a Granularity Index (GI) that measures the difference between the percentage of hypergranular and hypogranular granulocytes. We found that rituximab-treated @entity1 who achieved remission had a significantly higher GI at baseline than those who did not (p   =   0.0085) and that this pattern was reversed in @entity786 -treated @entity1 (p   =   0.037). We defined optimal cutoff values of the GI using the Youden index. @entity786 was superior to rituximab in inducing remission in @entity1 with GI below -9.25  % (67  % vs. 30  %, respectively; p   =   0.033), whereas rituximab was superior to @entity786 for @entity1 with GI greater than 47.6  % (83  % vs. 33  %, respectively; p   =   0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: We identified distinct subsets of granulocytes found at baseline in @entity1 with AAV that predicted whether they were more likely to achieve remission with @entity786 or rituximab. Profiling @entity1 on the basis of the GI may lead to more successful trials and therapeutic courses in AAV. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (for original study from which data were obtained): NCT00104299 . Date of registration: 24 February 2005.

Reanalysis of the Rituximab in XXXX trial identifies granulocyte subsets as a novel early marker of successful treatment.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide'] @entity19417 :: ('MESH:D056648', 'Disease') :: ['ANCA-Associated Vasculitis'] @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']
@entity19417 :: (MESH:D056648,Disease) :: ['ANCA-Associated Vasculitis']
