@entity989 are the leading causes of irreversible @entity227 and @entity1939 in the developed countries. @entity1 retina has limited regenerative power to replace cell loss. Stem cell replacement therapy has been proposed as a viable option. Previously, we have induced @entity1 adult periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) to the retinal lineage. In this study, we modified our induction protocol to direct @entity1 adult PDLSCs into @entity989 and determined the microRNA (miRNA) signature of this transdifferentiation process. The differentiated PDLSCs demonstrated the characteristics of functional neurons as they expressed neuronal and retinal ganglion cell markers ( @entity51482 , @entity67721 , b-III tubulin, @entity14383 , @entity5624 , @entity32846 and @entity25685 ), formed synapses and showed @entity3264 -induced @entity460 responses as well as spontaneous electrical activities. The global miRNA expression profiling identified 44 upregulated and 27 downregulated @entity1 miRNAs after retinal induction. Gene ontology analysis of the predicted miRNA target genes confirmed the transdifferentiation is closely related to neuronal differentiation processes. Furthermore, the expressions of 2 miRNA-targeted candidates, @entity7 and @entity983 , were significantly upregulated during the induction process. This study identified the transdifferentiation process of @entity1 adult stem cells into @entity989 and revealed the involvement of both genetic and miRNA regulatory mechanisms.

Transdifferentiation of periodontal ligament-derived stem cells into XXXX and its microRNA signature.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Human'] @entity67721 :: ('5458', 'Gene') :: ['POU4F2'] @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment'] @entity25685 :: ('6496', 'Gene') :: ['SIX3'] @entity3264 :: ('D018698', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate'] @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF'] @entity14383 :: ('4133', 'Gene') :: ['MAP2'] @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness'] @entity32846 :: ('4760', 'Gene') :: ['NEUROD1'] @entity51482 :: ('220202', 'Gene') :: ['ATOH7'] @entity5624 :: ('CHEBI:36355', 'Chemical') :: ['TAU'] @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium'] @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal diseases', 'retinal ganglion-like cells'] @entity983 :: ('5728', 'Gene') :: ['PTEN']
@entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinal ganglion-like cells']
