OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of osteotomy angle, reduction technique, and @entity717 angle on angular and @entity4218 . STUDY DESIGN: Geometric comparison using bone models. METHODS: Rotational osteotomies were made in the proximal metaphysis of artificial @entity2091 at 0 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, -10 degrees, and -20 degrees from perpendicular with respect to either the proximodistal and craniocaudal tibial axes. Negative-numbered angles represented osteotomies made from distal to proximal or caudal to cranial. Changes in tibial angulation and torsion were measured using a 3-dimensional digitizing instrument at @entity717 angles from 0 degrees to 30 degrees at 5 degrees increments. Two @entity353 techniques were used: complete @entity353 and alignment of the medial cortex. The mean of 5 measurements of torsional and angular @entity85 for each of the 9 osteotomy orientations in each reduction technique group was obtained. RESULTS: All had increasing angular and @entity717 as @entity717 angle increased. In the medially aligned cortex group, all @entity2091 had @entity85 , and 8 of 9 @entity2091 were internally rotated. In the reduced osteotomy group, minimal @entity85 was seen in @entity2091 with osteotomy variation along the proximodistal @entity2270 ; however, @entity2091 with osteotomy variation along the @entity2270 had @entity85 ranging from 6.0 degrees of @entity85 to 14.3 degrees of @entity85 . @entity717 was affected similarly by osteotomy variation along either @entity2270 . Reduction technique had greater affect on angular and @entity717 than @entity5513 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results suggest that @entity353 may play a greater role in angular and @entity717 than osteotomy angle, although extreme osteotomy angles should be avoided. To decrease the severity of @entity85 , we recommend that the osteotomy be made perpendicular to the craniocaudal and proximodistal axes and be completely reduced with less regard for alignment of the medial cortex.

In vitro effects of osteotomy angle and XXXX on tibial angulation and rotation during the tibial plateau-leveling osteotomy procedure.

@entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['osteotomy angle variation'] @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['osteotomy reduction'] @entity2091 :: ('MESH:C535563', 'Disease') :: ['tibias'] @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['rotational limb deformities'] @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['axis', 'craniocaudal axis'] @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['tibial plateau rotation', 'Rotational deformity', 'rotational deformity'] @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'valgus deformity', 'tibial deformity', 'angular deformity', 'varus deformity']
@entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['osteotomy reduction']
