OBJECTIVE: Despite comparable antipsychotic exposure, some @entity1 experience @entity2358 yet others do not. Negative symptoms have been associated with @entity910 ( @entity910 ), but it is not certain whether this is an association with primary negative symptoms or the effects of medications. The aim of the present study was to determine whether @entity1 with deficit @entity161 (who have primary negative symptoms) are more likely to experience @entity910 than those with non-deficit @entity161 . METHOD: In 2006, all the @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity161 in Nithsdale, Southwest Scotland, were identified using the 'key informant' method. These @entity1 were categorized into those with and without the deficit syndrome and assessed for the presence of @entity910 . @entity1 were also assessed for @entity2146 and extrapyramidal side effects. RESULTS: Of the 131 @entity1 assessed, 31 were categorized as having deficit @entity161 (23.7%) and 100 @entity1 (76.3%) as non-deficit. There was no difference between the two groups with regard to age, antipsychotic exposure, and duration of illness. There was a significant association between deficit features and @entity910 with an odds ratio = 2.97 [95% CI 1.128-6.88, P = 0.009]. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the proposal that the pathological process underlying deficit @entity161 can predispose to the development of @entity910 .

@entity910 and deficit XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people'] @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movements'] @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'tardive dyskinesia'] @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['akathisia'] @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']
@entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']
