The invention of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has possibly been the most important development in reproductive medicine, one that has given hope to thousands of infertile couples worldwide. However, concerns remain regarding the safety of this method since it is a more invasive procedure than @entity52 ( @entity52 ), since a spermatozoon is injected into the oocyte cytoplasm. Using @entity19 derived from @entity52 technology as a control, we assessed the influence of invasive microinjection in the process of transferring sperm into oocyte cytoplasm in ICSI procedure on the development and physiologic function of resultant offspring. Our results demonstrated that @entity19 produced from ICSI and @entity52 had no significant difference in phenotypic indices including body weight, forelimb physiology, and learning and memory ability. However, increased spermatocyte apoptosis was observed in the testis of adult ICSI @entity19 , when compared with @entity52 @entity19 . And, decreased testis weight and marked @entity16 were found in aged ICSI @entity19 . Furthermore, proteomic analysis verified that most of the differentiated proteins in testes between adult ICSI and @entity52 @entity19 were those involved in regulation of apoptosis pathways. Our results demonstrated that the microinjection manipulation used in the ICSI procedure might pose potential risks to the fertility of male offspring. The changed expression of a series of proteins relating to apoptosis or proliferation might contribute to it. Further studies are necessary to better understand all the risks of ICSI.

Microinjection manipulation resulted in the increased apoptosis of spermatocytes in testes from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) derived XXXX .

@entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization'] @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage of spermatogenic epithelia'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice']
@entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']
