OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the Irish smoking ban has had an impact on @entity9927 ( @entity9927 ) exposures for hospitality workers. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Before and after the smoking ban a cohort of workers (n = 35) from a sample of city hotels (n = 15) were tested for saliva @entity4874 concentrations and completed questionnaires. Additionally, a random sample (n = 20) of city centre bars stratified by size (range 400-5000 square feet), were tested for air @entity1239 concentrations using passive samplers before and after the ban. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Salivary @entity4874 concentrations (ng/ml), duration of self reported exposures to @entity9927 , air @entity1239 (microg/cubic metre). RESULTS: @entity4874 concentrations reduced by 69%, from 1.6 ng/ml to 0.5 ng/ml median (SD 1.29; p < 0.005). Overall 74% of subjects experienced decreases (range 16-99%), with 60% showing a halving of exposure levels at follow up. Self reported exposure to @entity9927 at work showed a significant reduction from a median 30 hours a week to zero (p < 0.001). There was an 83% reduction in air @entity1239 concentrations from median 35.5 microg/m3 to 5.95 microg/m3 (p < 0.001). At baseline, three bars (16%) were below the 6.8 microg/m3 air @entity1239 significant risk level for @entity2 alone; at follow up this increased to 10 (53%). CONCLUSIONS: Passive smoking and associated risks were significantly reduced but not totally eliminated. Exposure to @entity9927 is still possible for those working where smoking is still allowed and those working where smoke may migrate from outdoor areas. Further research is required to assess the true extent and magnitude of these exposures.

Secondhand smoke exposure and risk following the Irish smoking ban: an assessment of salivary XXXX concentrations in hotel workers and air @entity1239 levels in bars.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS'] @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine'] @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer'] @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine', 'Cotinine'] @entity9927 :: ('MESH:D015208', 'Disease') :: ['SHS', 'secondhand smoke']
@entity4874 :: (MESH:D003367,Chemical) :: ['cotinine']
