A limited period of chemotherapy during @entity778 might provide a long-term clinical benefit even if treatment is initiated at a time point when virus is already detectable in plasma. To evaluate this strategy, we infected @entity2608 with the pathogenic @entity645 RT- @entity645 and treated them with the antiretroviral drug @entity15833 ( @entity69067 ) for 8 weeks starting 7 or 14 days postinfection. @entity69067 treatment suppressed viral replication efficiently in all of the monkeys. After chemotherapy ended, virus replication rebounded and viral RNA in plasma reached levels comparable to that of the controls in four of the six monkeys. However, in the other two animals, virus loads peaked only moderately after withdrawal of the drug and then declined to low or even undetectable levels. These low levels of @entity646 remained stable for at least 31 weeks after cessation of therapy. At this time point, these two monkeys were challenged with @entity17491 (8980) to evaluate whether the host responses which were able to keep RT- @entity645 replication under control were also sufficient to protect against @entity281 with a highly pathogenic heterologous virus. Both monkeys proved to be protected against the heterologous virus. In one of the two animals, low levels of @entity17491 (8980) replication were detected. Thus, by chemotherapy during the acute phase of pathogenic virus replication, we could achieve not only persistent virus load suppression in two out of six monkeys but also protection from subsequent heterologous challenge. By this chemotherapeutic attenuation, the replication kinetics of attenuated viruses could be mimicked and a vaccination effect similar to that induced by live attenuated @entity17491 vaccines was achieved.

Antiretroviral therapy during XXXX can induce persistent suppression of virus load and protection from heterologous challenge in @entity2608 .

@entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['primary immunodeficiency virus infection'] @entity646 :: ('MESH:D014766', 'Disease') :: ['viremia'] @entity69067 :: ('MESH:C046573', 'Chemical') :: ['PMPA'] @entity645 :: ('57667', 'Species') :: ['SHIV', 'simian/human immunodeficiency virus'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection'] @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaques'] @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['(R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine'] @entity17491 :: ('11723', 'Species') :: ['simian immunodeficiency virus', 'SIV']
@entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['primary immunodeficiency virus infection']
