STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of co-induction with propofol-midazolam-ketamine with @entity4671 as the sole induction agent. DESIGN: Prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Operating room of a university hospital. @entity1 : 60 ASA physical status 1 and 2 @entity1 scheduled for limited elective surgery requiring general anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomized to two groups to receive @entity4671 0.3 mg/kg (single-drug group) or @entity1875 0.6 mg/kg + @entity3652 0.8 mg/kg + @entity1363 0.06 mg/kg (three-drug group). MEASUREMENTS: Hemodynamic responses (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure) were examined at baseline and at one, three, and 5 minutes after tracheal intubation. Plasma @entity2922 levels were measured at baseline, one, and 5 minutes after tracheal intubation. MAIN RESULTS: Heart rate (HR) changes differed significantly between the two groups at three minutes (P = 0.01) and 5 minutes (P = 0.00) after tracheal intubation. However, the HR increase in the three-drug group was in the acceptable range. Percentage changes of @entity1425 level differed between the two groups at 5 minutes after tracheal intubation (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The higher @entity1063 / @entity1425 ratio noted in the single-drug group may be implicated in lower adrenal sympathetic activity. @entity1875 - @entity1363 - @entity3652 co-induction may be used instead of @entity4671 for anesthesia induction in @entity1 with @entity1344 .

The effects of @entity1875 - @entity1363 - XXXX co-induction on hemodynamic changes and @entity2922 response.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS'] @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability'] @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine'] @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine'] @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol'] @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate'] @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine'] @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine'] @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']
@entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']
