@entity2657 after @entity64 is associated with poor neurological outcomes. Current therapies are limited to osmotic agents, such as @entity4372 ( @entity4372 ), which reduce intracranial pressure. Although studies have demonstrated @entity4 following @entity4372 , tissue survival has not been thoroughly examined. Additionally, the efficacy of promising pharmacological agents has not been evaluated for synergy with osmotic agents. @entity15707 is an FDA-approved @entity1951 receptor antagonist that may exert both osmotic and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, @entity35 were subjected to @entity2500 prior to treatment with 5 % @entity4372 bolus +5 % @entity4372 maintenance ( @entity4372 ), @entity15707 alone (Con), @entity15707 +5 % @entity4372 maintenance (Con + @entity4372 ), or @entity15707 +5 % @entity4372 bolus +5 % maintenance (Con + HSb). Treatments were initiated at six (Early) or 24 h (Late) following @entity64 and @entity35 were euthanized at 48 h to evaluate @entity1188 volume, @entity2657 , and microglia/macrophage activation. @entity1188 volume and @entity2657 in the Early @entity4372 , Early Con, and Late @entity4372 groups were significantly reduced compared with controls. Interestingly, only the Early Con group demonstrated reduced microglia/macrophage activation. These data suggest an anti-inflammatory mechanism for @entity15707 and provide support for a multipronged approach combining osmotic agents with compounds that inhibit the neuroinflammatory response to @entity64 .

The Effects of Clinically Relevant Hypertonic Saline and XXXX Administration on Ischemic Stroke.

@entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke'] @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema', 'Cerebral edema'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats'] @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion'] @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema reductions'] @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin'] @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct'] @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'hypertonic saline'] @entity15707 :: ('MESH:C106389', 'Chemical') :: ['Conivaptan', 'conivaptan']
@entity15707 :: (MESH:C106389,Chemical) :: ['Conivaptan']
