BACKGROUND: Living on a farm has repeatedly been shown to protect @entity1 from @entity565 and @entity566 . A  major factor involved in this effect is consumption of unprocessed @entity291 's milk obtained directly from a farm. However, this phenomenon has never been shown in a longitudinal design, and the responsible milk components are still unknown. OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the @entity565 -protective effect of unprocessed @entity291 's milk consumption in a birth cohort and to determine whether the differences in the @entity844 (FA) composition of unprocessed farm milk and industrially processed milk contributed to this effect. METHODS: The Protection Against Allergy-Study in Rural Environments (PASTURE) study followed 1133 @entity1 living in rural areas in 5 European countries from birth to age 6  years. In 934 @entity1 milk consumption was assessed by using yearly questionnaires, and samples of the "usually" consumed milk and serum samples of the @entity1 were collected at age 4  years. Doctor-diagnosed @entity565 was parent reported at age 6  years. In a nested case-control study of 35 asthmatic and 49 nonasthmatic @entity1 , 42 FAs were quantified in milk samples. RESULTS: The risk of @entity565 at 6  years of age was reduced by previous consumption of unprocessed farm milk compared with shop milk (adjusted odds ratio for consumption at 4  years, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.10-0.67). Part of the effect was explained by the higher fat content of farm milk, particularly the higher levels of   -3 polyunsaturated FAs (adjusted odds ratio, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11-0.81). CONCLUSION: Continuous farm milk consumption in childhood protects against @entity565 at school age partially by means of higher intake of   -3 polyunsaturated FAs, which are precursors of anti-inflammatory mediators.

-3 fatty acids contribute to the as @entity565 rotective effect of unprocessed co XXXX milk.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children'] @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid'] @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma'] @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies'] @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cow']
@entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']
