In this chapter the use of @entity1486 (PSA) as a @entity5 marker for @entity263 is discussed. The chapter provides an overview of biological and clinical aspects of PSA. The main drawback of total PSA (tPSA) is its lack of specificity for @entity263 which leads to unnecessary biopsies. Moreover, PSA-testing poses a risk of overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment. Many PSA-based markers have been developed to improve the performance characteristics of tPSA. As well as different molecular subforms of tPSA, such as proPSA (pPSA) and free PSA (fPSA), and PSA derived kinetics as PSA-velocity (PSAV) and PSA-doubling time (PSADT). The prostate health index (phi), PSA-density (PSAD) and the contribution of non PSA-based markers such as the urinary transcripts of @entity21416 and TMPRSS-ERG fusion are also discussed. To enable further risk stratification @entity5 markers are often combined with clinical data (e.g. outcome of DRE) in so-called nomograms. Currently the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection and staging of @entity263 is being explored.

XXXX as a Tumor Marker in Prostate Cancer: Biochemical and Clinical Aspects.

@entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer'] @entity21416 :: ('50652', 'Gene') :: ['PCA3'] @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']
@entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['Prostate Specific Antigen']
