BACKGROUND: The optimal timing of salvage @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy is controversial. We compared the outcomes of ultra-early versus early salvage ADT. METHODS: Among 855 @entity1 undergoing radical prostatectomy at our institution between 2000 and 2012, we identified 121 with adjuvant-treatment-na  ve pT2-4N0M0 @entity263 who received salvage ADT for biochemical recurrence. These @entity1 were divided into an ultra-early salvage ADT group (n   =   51), who started salvage ADT before meeting the standardized definition of biochemical recurrence in Japan (two consecutive @entity1486 [PSA] values >= 0.2  ng/ml), and an early salvage ADT group (n   =   70) who started salvage ADT when they met the definition. The ultra-early ADT group consisted of those who started salvage ADT with a single PSA value >= 0.2  ng/ml (n   =   30) or with two consecutive PSA values >0.1  ng/ml and rising (n   =   21). The primary endpoint was biochemical recurrence after salvage ADT, defined as a single PSA value >= 0.2  ng/ml after PSA nadir following salvage ADT. Secondary endpoints were clinical @entity3 and @entity5 -specific survival. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis. The median follow-up was 65.5  months. RESULTS: Biochemical recurrence occurred in one @entity1 (2.0%) in the ultra-early group and in 12 (17.1%) in the early salvage ADT group. Multivariate analysis identified ultra-early salvage ADT and preoperative Gleason score  <=7 as independent negative predictors of biochemical recurrence after salvage ADT. Only one @entity1 in the early salvage ADT group developed clinical @entity3 to a left supraclavicular lymph node, and no @entity1 died from @entity263 during follow-up. The major limitations of this study were its retrospective design, selection bias, and the possibility that the ultra-early salvage ADT group may have included @entity1 without biochemical recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Ultra-early salvage ADT was an independent negative predictor of biochemical recurrence after salvage ADT in @entity8447 @entity1 . Further consideration should be given to the use of salvage ADT before meeting the current definition of biochemical recurrence.

Ultra-early versus early salvage XXXX deprivation therapy for @entity8447 biochemical recurrence in pT2-4N0M0 @entity263 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer'] @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis'] @entity8447 :: ('MESH:D017169', 'Disease') :: ['post-prostatectomy'] @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']
@entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']
