@entity4765 - @entity9230 , the first choice for uncomplicated @entity9231 in Africa, exerts strong selection pressure for resistance because of its slow elimination. It is likely that resistance will emerge rapidly, and there is no widely affordable replacement. @entity68989 is cheap, rapidly eliminated, more potent than @entity4765 - @entity9230 , and could be introduced in the near future to delay the onset of antifolate resistance and as "salvage therapy" for @entity4765 - @entity9230 failure. A total of 448 @entity1 were randomly allocated (double blind) to either a single dose of @entity4765 - @entity9230 or to one of two @entity68989 regimens: a single dose or three doses at 24-h intervals. Reinfections are clinically indistinguishable from recrudescence and are more likely after treatment with rapidly eliminated drugs; we measured the incidence of @entity5895 in 205 initially aparasitemic @entity1 to allow comparison with the three treatment groups. The @entity1 and a community surveillance group were followed up for 28 days. At the study end point, 31.2% (95% confidence interval, 24.9-38.0) of the community surveillance group subjects were parasitemic, compared with subjects in the treatment groups, whose rates of @entity5895 were 40.8% (32.9-49.0; relative risk [RR], 1.31 [0.99-1.73]) after triple-dose @entity68989 , 19.7% (13.5-27.2; RR, 0.63 [0.43-0.93]) after @entity4765 - @entity9230 , and 65.6% (57.5-73.0; RR, 2.10 [1.66-2.65]) after single-dose @entity68989 . @entity4765 - @entity9230 and triple-dose @entity68989 were effective treatments. @entity4765 - @entity9230 provided chemoprophylaxis during follow-up because of its slow elimination. Triple-dose @entity68989 should now be developed in an attempt to reduce the rate of emergence of @entity32503 resistance in Africa and for affordable salvage therapy in cases of @entity4765 - @entity9230 failure.

@entity68989 : effective treatment for uncomplicated XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients'] @entity32503 :: ('CHEBI:73913', 'Chemical') :: ['antifolate'] @entity9230 :: ('MESH:D013413', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadoxine'] @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum malaria'] @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia'] @entity68989 :: ('MESH:C519882', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorproguanil-dapsone', 'chlorproguanil-dapsone'] @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyrimethamine', 'pyrimethamine']
@entity9231 :: (MESH:D016778,Disease) :: ['falciparum malaria']
