UNASSIGNED: Purpose: The aim of lid reconstruction is restoration of function, comfort and cosmesis. Large defects of the lower eyelid especially with extension into the canthus are a surgical challenge. A Hughes @entity1912 combined with a skin graft is a good option not only for central defects of the lower eyelid. Methods: This article presents the surgical outcome in a series of 45 @entity1 with large full-thickness lower @entity3066 partially extended into the canthus after @entity5 excision. These @entity1 underwent reconstructive eyelid surgery using a Hughes @entity1912 , autogenous skin graft, partially combined with other surgical techniques. Results after division, possibilities and limitations are shown in this article. The analysis was based on photo documentation, surgery reports and @entity1 statements. In all cases surgery was performed by the same surgeon. Results: 45 @entity1 were identified during a 3-year interval. The average age at the time of eyelid reconstruction was 70.6 years (range 38-94 years). Lid defects extending into the canthus were observed in 20 @entity1 (9 inner/11 outer canthal region). The average size of lid defect was 17   mm and ranged from 9 to 28   mm horizontally. 26 @entity1 showed defects >=    15   mm; 16 of them were identified with an extension into the canthus (8 inner/8 outer). @entity1912 complications occurred in 14 @entity1 after @entity1912 division; 8 with primary canthal involvement. After Hughes procedure, @entity1912 division and correction of complications (epilation, debulking, resuturing) 44 @entity1 showed a very good lower lid position with good functional and cosmetic results. Due to incomplete lid closure 1 @entity1 developed severe complications of corneal surface. Follow-up time ranged from 5 to 10 months (on average 6 months). In 6 @entity1 the Hughes procedure was combined with other reconstructive techniques. Conclusions: In cases of large lower lid defects (even with extension into the canthus) the Hughes @entity1912 combined with skin graft and other reconstructive procedures leads to a well tightened lid position, shows a high grade of @entity1 satisfaction although the complete blepharorrhaphy is necessary for 6 weeks and complications occur. For one-eyed @entity1 a one step surgical procedure should be preferred.

[Lid Reconstruction for Large Lower Eyelid Defects (Extending into Canthus) with Hughes XXXX and Skin Graft - Possibilities and Limitations.]

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity1912 :: ('241', 'Gene') :: ['flap', 'Flap'] @entity3066 :: ('MESH:D005141', 'Disease') :: ['eyelid defects'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']
@entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['Flap']
