PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Resting heart rate has long been thought to be a risk factor in @entity65 and a prognostic factor in @entity712 . b-Blockers were originally used in @entity712 for their heart rate control abilities. However, they also have negative inotropic effects contributing to their overall benefit. The role of isolated heart rate modification is unclear in @entity1002 . RECENT FINDINGS: Two recent studies looked at the heart rate-lowering effects of the If, or funny current inhibitor @entity15726 and its potential role in @entity712 therapy. At the doses chosen for the studies, @entity15726 is presumed to have only effects on heart rate with no other cardiotropic effects. Thus, the cardiovascular outcome benefits are presumed to be secondary to heart rate modification. SUMMARY: The two recent trials showed both heart rate and cardiovascular events to be significantly lower in the @entity15726 -treated group of @entity1 with @entity1002 and initial heart rate at least 70 beats/min. However, neither of these trials proved causality. Hence, the link between heart rate and improved cardiovascular outcomes still remains muddled.

Heart rate and XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure'] @entity15726 :: ('MESH:C088408', 'Chemical') :: ['ivabradine'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease'] @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']
@entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']
