Inflammatory processes involving reactive microglia, e.g., those associated with beta-amyloid containing neuritic and core plaques in @entity195 , appear to contribute to @entity528 in the CNS. The fact that increased nerve growth factor (NGF) protein levels were found throughout brains of @entity195 @entity1 led us to investigate @entity2252 synthesis in a @entity1 microglial cell line showing typical properties of @entity1 microglial cells, including expression of neurotrophins such as NGF, as well as the NGF receptor @entity2250 and the low-affinity @entity2252 receptor @entity10733 . We found that the cytokines interleukin-1beta and @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha synergistically stimulate microglial NGF transcription and protein release. Moreover, exposure of microglial cells to complement factor @entity4417 induces NGF expression. To assess the role of the transcription factor @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ) in inflammatory mediator-induced microglial NGF expression, the effect of the @entity2451 inhibitor @entity13373 ( @entity14568 ) was analyzed. In the presence of PDTC, a dose-dependent inhibition of cytokine-activated NGF expression occurred. In contrast, the @entity4417 -dependent stimulation of NGF synthesis was not influenced by PDTC. In addition, microglial @entity2359 -mediating beta-amyloid peptides @entity477 (1-40) and @entity477 (1-42) failed to alter NGF synthesis, whereas @entity477 (25-35) specifically induced @entity2451 -dependent microglial NGF expression. In conclusion, inflammatory signals (cytokines and complement factors), as well as @entity477 (25-35), are potent stimulators of @entity1 microglial NGF synthesis involving @entity2451 -dependent and -independent mechanisms. Microglial secretion of neurotrophins appears to be involved in early processes of neuronal regeneration.

Inflammatory signals induce @entity2252 expression in XXXX microglial cells.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients'] @entity2451 :: ('4790', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor-kappaB', 'NF-kappaB'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity4417 :: ('718', 'Gene') :: ['C3a'] @entity10733 :: ('7133', 'Gene') :: ['p75'] @entity13373 :: ('MESH:C020972', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate'] @entity477 :: ('351', 'Gene') :: ['A beta'] @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['neurotrophin'] @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"] @entity14568 :: ('MESH:C066229', 'Chemical') :: ['PDTC'] @entity2250 :: ('4914', 'Gene') :: ['trkA'] @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration'] @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']
