OBJECTIVES: To identify a better set of DNA methylation markers to detect superficial, low grade @entity5 cell in urine sediment for improving @entity5 treatment, morbidity, and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) assay was used to detect promoter hypermethylation in 4 genes ( @entity5962 , @entity986 , @entity986 , and @entity15893 ) to identify reliable biomarkers for @entity150 diagnosis in @entity5 DNA and urine sediment DNA from 57 @entity150 @entity1 . Urine DNA was compared with 20 healthy controls. RESULTS: Fifty-one (90%) @entity5 DNA and 47 urine DNA (83%) samples from @entity150 @entity1 revealed hypermethylation in at least 1 of the 4 analyzed genes, whereas all urine samples from normal controls were negative. The sensitivity of MSP assay for detecting @entity5962 , @entity986 , @entity986 and @entity15893 in @entity5 cells in voided urine was 35%, 35%, 33%, and 65%, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity was 75% for combining @entity15893 and @entity986 , and 83% for @entity15893 , @entity986 and @entity5962 . Urine cytology, however, detect only 13 (28%) cases of @entity5 or suspicious @entity5 . For detecting superficial and invasive @entity150 , urine cytology revealed a sensitivity of 23% (6/26) and 35% (7/20), respectively. In contrast, MSP detected hypermethylation in the urine of 80% (37/46) @entity150 @entity1 . Moreover, hypermethylation analysis of @entity5962 , @entity986 or @entity15893 genes in urine sediment DNA detected in 85% (22/26) of superficial, 85% (11/13) of low grade, 75% (15/20) of invasive and 79% (26/33) of high grade @entity150 . Importantly, hypermethylation was detected in the urine DNA of 90% (18/20) superficial @entity5 with negative or atypia cytology. CONCLUSIONS: Hypermethylation of @entity5962 , @entity986 or @entity15893 in urine sediment DNA is a potential biomarker for detecting superficial, low grade @entity5 . Besides, hypermethylation of these 3 genes is a valuable adjunct diagnostic marker to urine cytology, which can enhance the diagnostic accuracy and follow-up treatment of @entity150 @entity1 .

Increase sensitivity in detecting superficial, low grade @entity150 by combination analysis of hypermethylation of @entity5962 , XXXX , @entity986 , @entity15893 genes in urine.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity986 :: ('1029', 'Gene') :: ['p16', 'p14'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor', 'tumors'] @entity5962 :: ('999', 'Gene') :: ['E-cadherin'] @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancers', 'bladder cancer'] @entity15893 :: ('11186', 'Gene') :: ['RASSF1A']
@entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['p16']
