STUDY DESIGN: Four cases of combined @entity6349 and higher-level isthmic spondylolisthesis were studied. OBJECTIVE: To attempt to understand the possible etiology of this unreported combination. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity19339 is thought to be hereditary. It is believed that isthmic spondylolisthesis, the more common type, is acquired. Multiple spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis have been reported, but no cases of combined @entity6349 and isthmic spondylolisthesis. METHODS: The global and segmental Cobb angles of the lumbar vertebrae and sagittal vertical alignment were measured in four @entity1 who presented with @entity615 and varying degrees of @entity158 radiation to the lower limb. Posteroanterior and lateral radiographs were taken with @entity1 standing barefooted. Three of the @entity1 underwent surgery. The fourth @entity1 refused surgery. RESULTS: The global and segmental Cobb angles were found significantly increased in these @entity1 . Increased segmental extension angles were clearer at the levels above the @entity6349 vertebrae and at the level of the isthmic defect. Large anterior translation of the thorax was noted in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: The authors believe that this unusual combination may have resulted from hyperlordosis occurring above the @entity6349 vertebrae, which caused increased stresses that led to the isthmic defect. This combination should be investigated in @entity1 with @entity19339 and hyperlordosis.

Combined XXXX and isthmic spondylolisthesis: possible etiology.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lower back pain'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain'] @entity19339 :: ('MESH:D013168', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic spondylolisthesis', 'Dysplastic spondylolisthesis'] @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']
@entity6349 :: (MESH:D004416,Disease) :: ['dysplastic']
