The underlying risk factors, presenting features, and outcome of 22 @entity1 with @entity10145 and associated @entity1973 were studied retrospectively. The age of @entity1 at presentation was bimodally distributed, with peaks below 1 year and between 4 and 5 years of age. Ten @entity1 presented after 1 year. The oldest was diagnosed at 12 years of age. In 12 @entity1 there was maternal @entity6 , @entity154 in 14, @entity272 in 11, and anorectal/tracheooesophageal anomalies in three. Most @entity1 had persistent dribbling of urine on presentation associated with frequency, urgency, recurrent @entity293 , failure to respond to medication, and/or @entity1142 . Twenty-one @entity1 had abnormal neurology in the lower limbs. Videourodynamics showed neuropathic @entity409 in all @entity1 and vesicoureteric reflux in 10. Nineteen had a history of @entity293 . Seven had @entity8 , with @entity8 in three at presentation. Clean intermittent catheterization was recommended for 20 of the @entity1 . Bladder or bowel surgery has been carried out in seven and neurosurgery performed in two. Twenty of the 22 @entity1 underwent operative procedures. Ten operations were performed before @entity10145 was diagnosed. Over a third of the @entity1 have required psychological support. The combination of urinary symptomatology and any of the above risk factors should give rise to a high level of suspicion and low threshold to perform investigations to exclude @entity10145 . All these @entity1 have abnormal bladder and urethral function which not only causes @entity322 but puts the kidneys at risk. Early detection allows effective multidisciplinary input specifically aimed at continence, preservation of renal function, and adequate psychological support.

Presentation and outcome of XXXX : 20 years' experience.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients'] @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['orthopaedic anomalies'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment', 'renal scarring'] @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes'] @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['vesicourethral dysfunction'] @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic bladder'] @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin defects'] @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation'] @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections'] @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['sacral agenesis']
@entity10145 :: (MESH:C537221,Disease) :: ['sacral agenesis']
