Low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been shown to perturb endothelial cells, with manifestations ranging from alterations in free radicals and @entity3899 metabolism to stress fiber formation and monocyte recruitment. Some of these changes are regulated by LDL at the transcriptional level. Using mobility shift assays with consensus sequences for various transcription factors, we have detected an increase in @entity1178 ( @entity1178 ), but not @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ), binding in @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to LDL. Following transfection, @entity1178 -driven @entity2755 acetyltransferase and @entity1178 -driven-luciferase are upregulated by LDL. In contrast, there is no effect on @entity2451 -driven @entity2755 acetyltransferase. @entity1178 increases in a biphasic fashion, with the first peak occurring 6 hours after and the second 48 hours after exposure to LDL. This @entity1178 binding increase involves @entity1178 , but not @entity1639 , as shown by gel supershift, Northern hybridization, and Western blotting analyses. @entity1178 mRNA levels are elevated by 9 hours after and remain so until at least 24 hours after exposure to LDL. @entity1178 protein levels increase at 12 hours and continue to rise for 24 hours after exposure to LDL. Moreover, this LDL-increased @entity1178 binding is suppressed by several protein kinase (PK) inhibitors: the @entity6164 inhibitor @entity11616 , the @entity268 -dependent PK inhibitor @entity9501 , and the @entity669 PK inhibitors @entity670 and @entity10755 . This study demonstrates that (1) LDL is an endothelial agonist distinct from other cell stimulators, such as cytokines, endotoxin, and @entity1359 , because LDL appears to activate @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells predominantly through the transcription factor @entity1178 and not @entity2451 ; and (2) LDL increases @entity1178 via mechanisms involving multiple kinase activities and @entity1178 transcription.

LDL induces transcription factor activator protein-1 in XXXX endothelial cells.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity268 :: ('CHEBI:17489', 'Chemical') :: ['cAMP'] @entity2451 :: ('4790', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor-kappaB', 'NF-kappaB'] @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein'] @entity10755 :: ('MESH:C062898', 'Chemical') :: ['lavendustin A'] @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate'] @entity1178 :: ('3725', 'Gene') :: ['activator protein 1', 'AP-1', 'c-Jun'] @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonate'] @entity1639 :: ('2353', 'Gene') :: ['c-Fos'] @entity6164 :: ('MESH:C566847', 'Disease') :: ['PKC'] @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine'] @entity9501 :: ('MESH:C063509', 'Chemical') :: ['H89'] @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol'] @entity11616 :: ('MESH:C058819', 'Chemical') :: ['calphostin C']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']
