The effects of the anaphylatoxins @entity7311 and C3a on the liver are only poorly characterized in contrast to their well known systemic actions. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the anaphylatoxin @entity7311 enhanced @entity413 output from hepatocytes (HC) indirectly via prostanoid release from Kupffer cells (KC). In the present study, it is shown that recombinant @entity35 @entity7311 (rrC5a), together with @entity558 , activated the gene of the acute phase protein @entity14445 ( @entity14445 ) in HC also indirectly via @entity568 release from KC. RrC5a alone increased neither @entity568 mRNA in nor @entity568 release from KC, whereas @entity558 alone did so. However, rrC5a synergistically enhanced the @entity558 -dependent increase in @entity568 mRNA and @entity568 release. Only @entity568 , but not @entity1505 or @entity3426 , enhanced @entity14445 mRNA in HC. In line with the actions of rrC5a and @entity558 on KC, conditioned medium of KC stimulated only with rrC5a did not increase @entity14445 mRNA in HC. However, medium of KC stimulated with rrC5a plus @entity558 induced @entity14445 mRNA expression in HC more strongly than medium from cells stimulated only with @entity558 ; thus, @entity7311 acted synergistically with @entity558 . The stimulatory effects of KC-conditioned medium could partially be inhibited by a neutralizing anti- @entity568 Ab, indicating that KC-derived @entity568 was a major mediator in @entity7311 - plus @entity558 -elicited @entity14445 gene expression. These results suggest that @entity7311 , besides enhancing @entity413 output via prostanoids, is involved in the initiation of the acute phase response in HC via proinflammatory cytokines from KC. This provides evidence for another important function of @entity7311 in the regulation of hepatocellular defense reactions.

Anaphylatoxin @entity7311 actions in @entity35 liver: synergistic enhancement by @entity7311 of lipopolysaccharide-dependent @entity14445 gene expression in hepatocytes via XXXX release from Kupffer cells.

@entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['LPS'] @entity7311 :: ('362119(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['C5a'] @entity14445 :: ('24153(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha(2)-macroglobulin', 'alpha(2)MG'] @entity568 :: ('24498(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IL-6', 'rIL-6'] @entity1505 :: ('24835(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TNF-alpha'] @entity3426 :: ('24494(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1beta'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']
@entity568 :: (24498(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['IL-6']
