STUDY DESIGN: An established @entity95 posterolateral lumbar fusion model was used to evaluate the ability of @entity12017 to overcome the inhibitory effect of @entity1239 . OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity12017 should be considered as a bone graft alternative for the @entity1 who smokes. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Smoking interferes with the success of posterolateral lumbar fusion. This inhibitory effect has been attributed to @entity1239 and confirmed in a New Zealand white @entity95 model. Osteoinductive protein-1 has been shown to induce posterolateral spine fusion reliably in the @entity95 model. The effectiveness with which @entity12017 induces fusion in the presence of @entity1239 has not been studied previously. METHODS: Single-level posterolateral intertransverse process fusions were performed at L5-L6 in 18 New Zealand white @entity95 . Either autograft or @entity12017 was used as grafting material. @entity1239 was administered via subcutaneous mini-osmotic pumps. The animals were killed 5 weeks after surgery, and the resulting fusion masses were studied. RESULTS: Three @entity95 (17%) were excluded because of complications. By manual palpation, two of the eight @entity1239 -exposed autograft @entity95 (25%) and all of the @entity1239 -exposed @entity12017 @entity95 (100%) were found to be fused. These results correlated well with those obtained from biomechanical testing. Histologically, the fusion zones of the @entity1239 -exposed autograft @entity95 were distinctly less mature than the fusion masses of the @entity1239 -exposed @entity12017 @entity95 . CONCLUSION: Osteoinductive protein-1 was able to overcome the inhibitory effects of @entity1239 in a @entity95 posterolateral spine fusion model, and to induce bony fusion reliably at 5 weeks.

@entity12017 overcomes the inhibitory effect of XXXX on posterolateral lumbar fusion.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient'] @entity12017 :: ('655', 'Gene') :: ['osteogenic protein-1'] @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine'] @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']
@entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['nicotine']
