@entity61863 ( @entity61863 ), a raphidophycean flagellate, is a causative organism of red tide, and highly toxic to fish. In this study, we found that the cell-free @entity1042 extract prepared from this flagellate exhibited potent hemolytic activity against @entity95 erythrocytes. Interestingly, the hemolytic activity of the extract was absolutely light-dependent, and no hemolytic activity was detected in the dark even at very high concentration. Gel filtration chromatography of the @entity1042 extract on a column of Sephadex LH-20 revealed that the extract contained @entity11230 as well as hemolytic agents, and the substances responsible for these activities were separately eluted. These results suggest that the hemagglutinating and hemolytic activities were derived from distinct compounds. The hemolytic fraction obtained after gel filtration (F4) caused marked inhibition of the growth of @entity61863 itself and other species of phytoplanktons. Furthermore, F4 showed a potent @entity137 toward various @entity1 cultured cell lines including @entity1 @entity5 cells (HeLa cells) in a dose-dependent manner. The @entity137 was also light-dependent, and no cytotoxic effect was exhibited in any cell lines tested in the dark. After further purification procedures via preparative thin-layer chromatography and subsequent HPLC, a major hemolytic agent was obtained as highly purified form. Since the @entity1042 extracts prepared from other raphidophycean flagellates such as @entity35232 , Olisthodiscus luteus, and Fibrocapsa japonica showed light-dependent hemolytic activity toward @entity95 erythrocytes, it was suggested that the light-dependent hemolytic agents commonly exist at least in these raphidophycean flagellates.

Isolation and characterization of light-dependent hemolytic cytotoxin from harmful red tide phytoplankton XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity'] @entity61863 :: ('90936', 'Species') :: ['Chattonella marina', 'C. marina'] @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit'] @entity35232 :: ('2829', 'Species') :: ['Heterosigma akashiwo'] @entity11230 :: ('MESH:D006388', 'Chemical') :: ['hemagglutinin']
@entity61863 :: (90936,Species) :: ['Chattonella marina']
