An impaired differentiation of naive @entity404 + T cells towards Th2 cells may contribute to the chronic tissue-destructive T-cell activity in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The differentiation of naive @entity404 + T cells into memory Th2 cells by @entity6977 in comparison with that by @entity3646 was studied in @entity309 @entity1 and in healthy controls. Naive @entity404 + T cells from peripheral blood were differentiated by CD3/ @entity1361 costimulation in the absence of or in the presence of @entity6977 and/or @entity3646 . The production of @entity379 and @entity3646 was measured by ELISA and by single-cell FACS analysis to indicate @entity1198 and Th2 cell activity. CD3/ @entity1361 costimulation and @entity6977 were early inducers of @entity3646 production, but primarily stimulated @entity379 production. In contrast, in short-term cultures exogenously added @entity3646 did not prime for @entity3646 production but suppressed @entity6977 -induced @entity379 production. Upon long-term stimulation of naive @entity404 + T cells, @entity379 production was differentially regulated by @entity6977 and @entity3646 , but @entity3646 production was increased by both @entity6977 and @entity3646 . @entity6977 and @entity3646 additively induced polarization towards a Th2 phenotype. This susceptibility of naive @entity404 + T cells to become Th2 cells upon culture with @entity6977 and @entity3646 was increased in @entity309 @entity1 compared with that in healthy controls. These findings demonstrate that, in @entity309 @entity1 , differentiation of naive @entity404 + T cells towards a Th2 phenotype by CD3/ @entity1361 costimulation, @entity6977 and @entity3646 is not impaired. The perpetuation of arthritogenic T-cell activity in @entity309 therefore seems not to be the result of intrinsic defects of naive @entity404 + T cells to develop towards suppressive memory Th2 cells.

Differentiation of naive @entity404 + T cells towards T helper 2 cells is not impaired in XXXX @entity1 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity404 :: ('920', 'Gene') :: ['CD4'] @entity1361 :: ('940', 'Gene') :: ['CD28'] @entity6977 :: ('3574', 'Gene') :: ['IL-7'] @entity1198 :: ('51497', 'Gene') :: ['Th1'] @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma'] @entity3646 :: ('3565', 'Gene') :: ['IL-4'] @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']
@entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']
