BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are rare. In adult @entity1 with @entity5 , various pathologic risk factors have been identified in @entity1 with clinically localized disease that increase the risk of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We systematically reviewed existing literature to analyze the impact of these risk factors on @entity3 in prepubertal (0 to 12 y) and postpubertal (13 to 21 y) @entity1 . METHODS: A literature search was conducted using the combination of terms: "testicular @entity5 ," "testicular leydig cell @entity5 ," "testicular sertoli @entity5 ," "testicular interstitial @entity5 ," "testicular granulosa @entity5 ," and "testicular sex @entity4097 ." Studies of @entity1 0 to 21 years with clinical stage I @entity5 were included. RESULTS: A total of 100 @entity1 from 31 publications were included with a median age at diagnosis of 5.7 years (range, 1.2 mo to 21 y). Seventy-nine @entity1 were 12 years and below (median 7.2 mo) and 21 @entity1 were 13 to 21 years (median 16 y). No @entity1 in either group were identified to have @entity3 at retroperitoneal lymph node dissection or during follow-up surveillance (median follow-up 45.6 y; range, 4 to 360 mo). 99% of those 12 years and below versus 95% of those above 12 years had 0 to 1 pathologic risk factors, and 1% versus 5% had 2+ pathologic risk factors (P=0.38). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical stage I @entity5 in adolescent, postpubertal @entity1 appear to behave in a benign manner with few pathologic risk factors, similar to prepubertal @entity1 . Given the low risk of relapse in this population, low-impact surveillance strategies are paramount. Prospective study of these @entity1 is needed, and entry into a @entity5 registry such as the International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry is important to learning more about this rare disease.

Pathologic Risk Factors in Pediatric and Adolescent XXXX With Clinical Stage I Testicular Stromal Tumors.

@entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'TSTs', 'stromal tumors', 'Testicular stromal tumors', 'tumors'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['occult metastatic disease', 'OMD'] @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['cord tumors']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']
