PURPOSE: Numerous studies, including those using animal models of @entity1714 development and @entity1 clinical trials, have shown that the non-selective muscarinic antagonist @entity3897 is effective in preventing the axial elongation that leads to @entity1714 development. Among all of the muscarinic @entity934 receptors (mAChRs), @entity70534 (M1) was the most effective in preventing @entity735 . Our specific aim in this study was to examine the association between @entity1714 and polymorphisms within the muscarinic @entity934 receptors 1 gene ( @entity19291 ). METHODS: The @entity1 comprised of a @entity1714 group (n=194; age range, 17-24 years) having a myopic spherical equivalent greater than 6.5 diopters (D) and a control group (n=109; age range, 17-25 years) having a myopic spherical equivalent less than 0.5 D. Genotyping was performed using an assay-on-demand allelic discrimination assay. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using 96 well plates on a thermal cycler. The polymorphisms detected were S1 ( @entity19291 rs11823728), S2 ( @entity19291 rs544978), S3 ( @entity19291 rs2186410), and S4 ( @entity19291 rs542269). RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the distribution of S2 and S4 between the @entity1714 and control groups (p=2.40 x 10(-6) and 2.38 x 10(-8), respectively). The odds ratios of AA genotype of S2 and GG genotype of S4 were both 0.08 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02-0.29 and 0.02-0.36, respectively). Logistic regression test revealed S1, S2, and S4 @entity19291 as all being significant in the development of @entity1714 . Moreover, the distributions of haplotype 4 (Ht4; C/A/A/A) differed significantly between the two groups (p=3.4 x 10(-5), odds ratio: 0.1, 95% CI: 0.03-0.34). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the S2 and S4 polymorphisms of @entity19291 are associated with susceptibility for developing @entity1714 . S1, S2, and S4 @entity19291 had a co-operative association with @entity1714 .

Muscarinic XXXX receptor 1 gene polymorphisms associated with @entity1714 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human'] @entity19291 :: ('1128', 'Gene') :: ['CHRM1'] @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['myopic eye change'] @entity70534 :: ('11435(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['mAChR 1'] @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine'] @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia', 'myopia'] @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']
@entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']
