UNASSIGNED: Context     @entity34 ( @entity34 ) is a subgroup of @entity3675 ( @entity3675 ). Both @entity34 and @entity3675 have been successful as adjunctive treatment modalities in substance abuse treatment. Studies have indicated that gardening promotes neuroendocrine and affective restoration from stress. Objectives     The study intended to assess the effect of @entity34 versus nonhorticultural @entity3675 on @entity701 levels, @entity308 , symptoms of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), @entity285 cravings, and quality of life. Methods     The research team designed a randomized pilot study. Setting     The study was open for participation from July 2012-October 2012. It took place during multiple occurrences of a 28-d treatment programs for substance use disorder at a Veterans Affairs medical center. @entity1     @entity1 were 49 veterans, averaging 46.4 y old (SD = 11.9); the dropout rate was 37%. Intervention     @entity1 were randomly assigned to the @entity34 or the @entity3675 group. They attended supervised @entity34 and @entity3675 groups 5 h/d for 3 wk. Outcome Measures     Pre- and posttreatment, @entity1 completed the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF), the @entity285 Craving Questionnaire (ACQ-NOW), the @entity1005 Checklist Civilian Version (PCLC), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies @entity308 Scale (CES-D). Salivary @entity701 samples were taken at wk 1, 2, and 3. Results     A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (F2,20 = 0.878) revealed that the @entity34 performed was associated with a 12% reduction in salivary @entity701 levels from wk 1 to wk 3, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .43). Separate 1-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) revealed no statistically significant differences in the self-administered tests, although both the Q-LES-Q-SF and CES-D showed a trend toward improving quality of life and @entity308 in the @entity34 group compared with the @entity3675 group. Additional analysis of the nonbiologic tests suggests that most @entity1 in the @entity34 and @entity3675 had some benefit from the programmed activities. Conclusions     The trends suggest that @entity34 may modulate stress in veterans, as evidenced by decreased @entity701 levels and @entity308 , and may improve quality of life more than the programs in which the @entity3675 group participated. Further investigation with larger samples, including a nontreatment control group, is needed to determine whether the observed trends are treatment effects or due to abstinence.

Horticultural Therapy: A Pilot Study on Modulating @entity701 Levels and Indices of Substance Craving, XXXX , @entity308 , and Quality of Life in Veterans.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants'] @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['OT', 'occupational therapy'] @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression'] @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic Stress Disorder', 'posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD'] @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol'] @entity285 :: ('D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol'] @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'Horticultural therapy']
@entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['Posttraumatic Stress Disorder']
