PURPOSE: @entity4236 is a rare @entity5 arising from the olfactory mucosa in the nasal fossa, which can invade the orbit producing ophthalmic symptoms and signs. The purpose of this study was to present a case series and review the literature to assess the characteristics of orbital involvement by @entity4236 . METHODS: Retrospective case series of all @entity1 treated for biopsy-proven @entity4236 at the Royal Adelaide Hospital between 1992 and 2004. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 (5 male, 4 female) with a mean age of 50 years (range, 20 to 66 years) were reviewed. One case was classified as Kadish stage A, 1 as Kadish stage B, and 7 as Kadish stage C. Mean time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 17 months (range, 2 to 24 months). Radiologic orbital invasion was present in 4 cases and was associated with ophthalmic symptoms or signs in 3 of these cases. These included proptosis (2 cases), periorbital @entity158 (1 case), decreased visual acuity (1 case), extraocular muscle restriction (1 case), and chemosis (1 case). One @entity1 with symptoms secondary to orbital invasion was initially referred to and assessed by an ophthalmologist. All @entity1 who had or went on to have development of orbital invasion had advanced disease at diagnosis. Treatment was surgical (9/9), with the addition of radiotherapy (6/9) and chemotherapy (2/9). Mean follow-up was 3.6 years (range, 0.5 to 8.5 years). Six of 9 @entity1 had @entity5 recurrence. Two had @entity3 . Five of 9 @entity1 remained alive. CONCLUSIONS: Orbital invasion by @entity4236 is not uncommon. It is important to be aware of this @entity5 because a significant proportion of @entity1 will present with ophthalmic signs and symptoms.

Orbital invasion by XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy'] @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['Esthesioneuroblastoma', 'esthesioneuroblastoma'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain']
@entity4236 :: (MESH:D018304,Disease) :: ['esthesioneuroblastoma']
