1. In aerobic conditions the isolated perfused liver from well-fed @entity35 rapidly formed @entity880 from endogenous glycogen until the @entity880 concentration in the perfusion medium reached about 2mm (i.e. the concentration of @entity880 in blood in vivo) and then production ceased. @entity2388 was formed in proportion to the @entity880 , the [ @entity880 ]/[ @entity2388 ] ratio remaining between 8 and 15. 2. The addition of 5mm- or 10mm- @entity413 did not affect @entity880 production, but 20mm- and 40mm- @entity413 greatly increased @entity880 production. This effect of high @entity413 concentration can be accounted for by the activity of glucokinase. 3. The perfused liver released @entity413 into the medium until the concentration was about 6mm. When 5mm- or 10mm- @entity413 was added to the medium much less @entity413 was released. 4. At high @entity413 concentrations (40mm) more @entity413 was taken up than @entity880 and @entity2388 were produced; the excess of @entity413 was probably converted into glycogen. 5. In anaerobic conditions, livers of well-fed @entity35 produced @entity880 at relatively high rates (2.5mumol/min per g wet wt.). @entity413 was also rapidly released, at an initial rate of 3.2mumol/min per g wet wt. Both @entity880 and @entity413 production ceased when the liver glycogen was depleted. 6. Addition of 20mm- @entity413 increased the rate of anaerobic production of @entity880 . 7. @entity8691 also increased anaerobic production of @entity880 . In the presence of 20mm- @entity948 some @entity413 was formed anaerobically from @entity948 . 8. In the perfused liver from starved @entity35 the rate of @entity880 formation was very low and the increase after addition of @entity413 and @entity948 was slight. 9. The glycolytic capacity of the liver from well-fed @entity35 is equivalent to its capacity for @entity844 synthesis and it is pointed out that hepatic glycolysis (producing @entity6625 in aerobic conditions) is not primarily an energy-providing process but part of the mechanism converting @entity1735 into fat.

XXXX production in the perfused @entity35 liver.

@entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid'] @entity8691 :: ('CHEBI:48095', 'Chemical') :: ['d-Fructose'] @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose'] @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate'] @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats'] @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-CoA'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose'] @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyruvate', 'pyruvate']
@entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['Lactate']
