@entity2227 ( @entity367 ) is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. The role of peripheral @entity367 and @entity367 receptors (GluRs) in nociceptive transmission is, however, still unclear. In the present study, we examined @entity367 levels released in the subcutaneous perfusate of the @entity35 hind instep using a microdialysis catheter and the thermal withdrawal latency using the Plantar Test following injection of drugs associated with GluRs with/without @entity2951 into the hindpaw. The injection of @entity2951 into the @entity35 hind instep caused an increase of @entity367 level in the s.c. perfusate. @entity2951 also significantly decreased withdrawal latency to irradiation. These effects of @entity2951 were inhibited by pretreatment with @entity4413 , a @entity5510 ( @entity5510 ) competitive antagonist. @entity2951 -induced @entity367 release was also suppressed by combination with each antagonist of ionotropic GluRs (iGluRs: @entity143 / @entity140 receptors) and group I metabotropic GluR (mGluR), but not group II and group III mGluRs. Furthermore, these GluRs antagonists showed remarkable inhibition against @entity2951 -induced thermal @entity1931 . These results suggest that @entity367 is released from the peripheral endings of small-diameter afferent fibers by noxious stimulation and then activates peripheral iGluRs and group I mGluR in development and/or maintenance of nociception. Furthermore, the activation of peripheral @entity143 / @entity140 receptors and group I mGluR may be important in mechanisms whereby @entity2951 evokes nociceptive responses.

@entity2951 -induced @entity2227 release is implicated in nociceptive processing through activation of ionotropic XXXX receptors and group I metabotropic @entity2227 receptor in primary afferent fibers.

@entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamate'] @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia'] @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin'] @entity4413 :: ('MESH:C071423', 'Chemical') :: ['capsazepine'] @entity5510 :: ('83810(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1', 'TRPV1'] @entity143 :: ('CHEBI:6121', 'Chemical') :: ['NMDA'] @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['Glu'] @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['AMPA'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat']
@entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']
