INTRODUCTION: Severe @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) often causes temporary or permanent damages in strength, sensation or autonomic functions below the site of the injury. So far there is still no effective treatment for @entity1566 . Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used to repair injured spinal cord as an effective strategy. However, the low neural differentiation frequency of MSCs has limited its application. The present study attempted to explore whether the grafted MSC-derived neural-like cells in a @entity19372 ( @entity19372 ) scaffold could maintain neural features or transdifferentiate into myelin-forming cells in the spinal cord transected. METHODS: We constructed an engineered tissue by co-seeding of MSCs with genetically enhanced expression of @entity10862 (NT-3) and its high affinity receptor @entity10865 ( @entity10865 ), respectively, into a 3-dimensional @entity19372 scaffold to promote the MSCs differentiating into neural-like cells, and transplanted it into the gap of @entity35 spinal cord transected completely. The @entity35 received extensive post-operation care including @entity205 administrated once daily for 2  months. RESULTS: MSCs modified genetically could differentiate into neural-like cells in the MN   +   MT (NT-3-MSCs   +   @entity10865 -MSCs) group 14  days after culture in the @entity19372 scaffold. However, after the MSC-derived neural-like cells were transplanted into the injury site of spinal cord, some of them appeared to lose the neural phenotypes and instead transdifferentiated into myelin-forming cells at 8  weeks. In the latter, the MSC-derived myelin-forming cells established myelin sheaths associated with the host regenerating axons. And the injured host neurons were rescued and axon regeneration was induced by grafted MSCs modified genetically. In addition, the cortical motor evoked potential (CMEP) and hindlimb locomotion were significantly ameliorated in the @entity35 spinal cord transected in the MN   +   MT group compared with the @entity19372 and MSCs groups. CONCLUSIONS: Grafted MSC-derived neural-like cells in the @entity19372 scaffold can transdifferentiate into myelin-forming cells in the @entity35 spinal cord transected completely.

Donor mesenchymal stem cell-derived neural-like cells transdifferentiate into myelin-forming cells and promote axon regeneration in XXXX spinal cord transection.

@entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'rats'] @entity19372 :: ('MESH:D007691', 'Disease') :: ['gelatin sponge', 'GS'] @entity10865 :: ('29613(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TrkC', 'TrKC', 'tropomyosin receptor kinase C'] @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A'] @entity10862 :: ('81737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['neurotrophin-3'] @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']
