BACKGROUND: Low @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ) in vein grafts and stents. We studied the causal relationship between @entity1642 and @entity1373 formation in stents by locally increasing @entity1642 with a flow divider (Anti-Restenotic Diffuser, Endoart SA) placed in the center of the stent. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 9 @entity95 fed a high- @entity165 diet for 2 months to induce @entity409 , 18 stents were implanted in the right and left external iliac arteries (1 stent per vessel). Lumen diameters were measured by quantitative angiography before and after implantation and at 4-week follow-up, at which time, macrophage accumulation and interruption of the internal elastic lamina was determined. Cross sections of stent segments within the @entity4889 ( @entity4889 ), outside the @entity4889 (S[minus] @entity4889 ), and in corresponding segments of the contralateral control stent (SCTRL) were analyzed. Changes in @entity1642 induced by the @entity4889 placement were derived by computational fluid dynamics. Computational fluid dynamics analysis demonstrated that @entity1642 increased from 0.38 to 0.82 N/m2 in the @entity4889 immediately after @entity4889 placement. This augmentation of shear stress was accompanied by (1) lower mean late luminal loss by quantitative angiography ([minus]0.23+/-0.22 versus [minus]0.58+/-0.30 mm, P=0.02), (2) reduction in @entity1373 (1.48+/-0.58, 2.46+/-1.25, and 2.36+/-1.13 mm2, P<0.01, respectively, for @entity4889 , S[minus] @entity4889 , and SCTRL), and (3) a reduced @entity32 score and a @entity131 score. Increments in shear stress did not change the relationship between injury score and @entity1373 or between @entity32 score and @entity1373 . CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed @entity4889 flow divider significantly increases @entity1642 , and this local increment in @entity1642 is accompanied by a local reduction in @entity1373 and a local reduction in @entity32 and injury. The present study is therefore the first to provide direct evidence for an important modulating role of shear stress in in-stent @entity1373 .

Augmentation of @entity1642 inhibits @entity1373 after stent implantation: inhibition through XXXX ?

@entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['reduced injury'] @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['ARED', 'S+ARED'] @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['NH', 'increases neointimal hyperplasia', 'neointimal hyperplasia'] @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction'] @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits'] @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['WSS', 'wall shear stress'] @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']
@entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['reduction of inflammation']
