In term and preterm neonates, massive @entity2227 release can lead to excitotoxic @entity62 . Because of its high permeability toward @entity460 , the @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor is thought to play an important role in excitotoxic lesions and @entity143 antagonists therefore hold promise for neuroprotection. We found that, in neonatal @entity19 cortex, a given @entity143 concentration exerted either excitotoxic or antiapoptotic effects depending on the cortical layers. In layer VI, @entity143 led to excitotoxicity, sustained @entity460 mobilization, and @entity39 of Gad67GFP neurons. In the immature layers II-IV, @entity143 decreased apoptosis and induced transient @entity460 mobilization. The @entity143 antagonist @entity3390 acted as a potent @entity185 activator in immature layers II-IV and affected @entity1246 ( @entity1246 )ergic interneurons. The apoptotic effect of @entity3390 -induced @entity1380 expression, mitochondrial potential collapse and @entity7349 activation. In vivo @entity1380 small interfering @entity10731 and a @entity7349 inhibitor abrogated @entity3390 -induced apoptosis and pyknotic nucleus formation. @entity3652 , an anesthetic with @entity143 antagonist properties, mimicked the apoptotic effects of @entity3390 . These data indicate a dual effect of @entity2227 on survival of immature and mature GABAergic neurons and suggest that @entity3652 may induce apoptosis of immature GABAergic neurons.

Dual effect of XXXX on GABAergic interneuron survival during cerebral cortex development in @entity19 neonates.

@entity1380 :: ('12028(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Bax', 'BAX'] @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartic acid'] @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate'] @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma aminobutyric acid', 'GABA'] @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse'] @entity185 :: ('12367(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['caspase-3'] @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine'] @entity7349 :: ('12371(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['caspase-9'] @entity10731 :: ('CHEBI:33697', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleic acid'] @entity143 :: ('CHEBI:6121', 'Chemical') :: ['NMDA'] @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium'] @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white-matter and cortical lesions'] @entity3390 :: ('MESH:D016291', 'Chemical') :: ['MK801']
@entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']
