BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic @entity2553 ( @entity343 ) remains a poorly understood entity. Using a systematic review approach, we examined the incidence, mechanisms, risk factors, impact on outcome and potential therapies of @entity343 . METHODS: A search on Medline database up to 2015 performed with " @entity131 " and " @entity2553 " key-words retrieved 429 references. This systematic review was reported and analysed following the PRISMA criteria and according to the relevance in @entity1 clinical practice. RESULTS: The research retrieved 429 references of which 226 were excluded from analysis because of their irrelevance and 87 finally included in the review. CONCLUSION: Mechanical stretching, @entity32 , @entity460 dysregulation, endotelin, contractile proteins, products of cerebral metabolism and cortical spreading depolarization have been involved in @entity343 pathophysiology. @entity343 occurs in up to 30-40% of the @entity1 after severe @entity131 . Usually, @entity343 starts within the first 3 days following head @entity130 and may last 5 to 10 days. Young age, low Glasgow @entity772 Score at admission and @entity510 have been identified as risk factors of @entity343 . Suspected on transcranial Doppler, @entity343 diagnosis is best confirmed by angiography, CT angiography or MR angiography, and perfusion and ischaemic consequences by perfusion CT or MRI. Early @entity343 is associated with poor outcome. No @entity343 prevention strategy has proved efficient up to now. Regarding @entity343 treatment, only @entity3931 and intra-arterial @entity3302 have been studied up to now. Treatment with @entity7604 has been described in a few cases reports and may represent a new therapeutic option.

XXXX after @entity131 : an update.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury'] @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage'] @entity343 :: ('187978', 'Species') :: ['PTV'] @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['Coma'] @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine'] @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine'] @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium'] @entity7604 :: ('MESH:D020105', 'Chemical') :: ['milrinone'] @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma']
@entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['Cerebral vasospasm']
