BACKGROUND: Research has shown that orphans in sub-Saharan Africa are at increased risk for mental health problems. Exposure to maltreatment and @entity645 / @entity791 -related stigmatization are related to orphans' @entity458 . Yet, researchers stress the need for more research in low-income countries to identify which factors of being an orphan may lead to @entity458 . OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to systematically investigate orphans' experiences of maltreatment and stigmatization to identify factors that relate to their @entity458 . METHODS: In total, 89 Tanzanian @entity1 who had lost at least one parent were compared to 89 matched non-orphans (mean age: 11 years; 51% @entity1 ). We measured exposure to maltreatment and perceived stigmatization as an orphan. Mental health was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the @entity1 's @entity308 Inventory, the UCLA PTSD Index for @entity1 , and the Reactive-Proactive Questionnaire. RESULTS: Orphans reported significantly more experiences of neglect, but not of abuse. A group comparison revealed more @entity308 , posttraumatic stress symptoms, and @entity146 among orphans. Neglect, abuse, and stigmatization correlated with orphans' internalizing and externalizing problems, yet only neglect and stigmatization were related to orphans' @entity308 severity. Perceived stigmatization moderated the relationship between neglect and @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that orphans in Tanzania are at increased risk of experiencing neglect. Maltreatment and perceived stigmatization may play a role in orphans' @entity458 . Culturally appropriate and evidence-based interventions may help to prevent maltreatment and stigmatization of orphans.

Neglect and perceived stigmatization impact XXXX of orphans in Tanzania.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'boys'] @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression'] @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior'] @entity645 :: ('57667', 'Species') :: ['HIV'] @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress'] @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS']
@entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']
