Intrathecally delivered @entity1772 has been used as a treatment for severe @entity508 since 1984. A systematic literature review was conducted from 1984 to December 2002 to analyze the results of this treatment and to collect data on complications. Studies were included if the following criteria were met: clear selection of @entity1 suffering from @entity508 of spinal or cerebral origin, clear measurements of outcome (Ashworth score, Spasm score and/or reflex score and/or functional scales), average follow-up of at least 6 months. Almost all the studies had open follow-up with no control groups (controls were used to examine the effect of test doses of @entity1772 rather than to assess long-term results). Studies often included heterogeneous @entity1 groups with different causes of @entity508 (spinal and/or cerebral etiology) and functional outcome was measured using different scales from one study to another. This literature review shows evidence that intrathecally administered @entity1772 is effective in reducing the positive signs of @entity508 (tone, @entity2473 , reflex activity). Significant reductions in spasm-related @entity158 were noted. The reduction in @entity508 led to improvement in ability to transfer and ease of nursing care in the majority of @entity1 . Significant improvements were noted in terms of mobility. Benefits were most notable in bedridden @entity1 who became able to sit in a wheelchair. Many benefited from improved wheelchair mobility, ability to sit down comfortably, and improvement in their ability to transfer. Such benefits were approved by all the @entity1 as an improvement of their quality of life. Ambulatory @entity1 could also benefit from an improved gait but were less often treated because they usually relied upon their @entity508 for support during ambulation. Complications were rather rare and mainly were not life-threatening, although there was a high rate of @entity409 (10 to 45%) leading to reoperation. Wound complications were the leading cause of explantation in @entity1 with @entity306 . Despite the risks, @entity1 satisfaction was high and was related to the improvement of the quality of life.

[Intrathecal XXXX . Literature review of the results and complications].

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity'] @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['catheter dysfunction'] @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['spasms'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain'] @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen'] @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']
@entity1772 :: (MESH:D001418,Chemical) :: ['baclofen']
