BACKGROUND: Mechanical stresses are known to play important roles in @entity731 plaque initiation, progression and @entity397 . It has been well-accepted that @entity731 initiation and early progression correlate negatively with @entity450 ( @entity450 ). However, mechanisms governing advanced plaque progression are not well understood. METHOD: In vivo serial MRI data ( @entity1 follow-up) were acquired from 14 @entity1 after informed consent. Each @entity1 had 2-4 scans (scan interval: 18 months). Thirty-two scan pairs (baseline and follow-up scans) were formed with slices matched for model construction and analysis. Each scan pair had 4-10 matched slices which gave 400-1000 data points for analysis (100 points per slice on lumen). Point-wise plaque progression was defined as the @entity101 ( @entity101 ) at each data point. 3D computational models with fluid-structure interactions were constructed based on in vivo serial MRI data to extract flow shear stress and @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) on all data points to quantify correlations between plaque progression and mechanical stresses ( @entity450 and @entity1642 ). @entity450 and @entity1642 data corresponding to both maximum and minimum flow rates in a cardiac cycle were used to investigate the impact of flow rates on those correlations. RESULTS: Using follow-up scans and maximum flow rates, 19 out of 32 scan pairs showed a significant positive correlation between @entity101 and @entity450 (positive/negative/no significance correlation ratio = 19/9/4), and 26 out of 32 scan pairs showed a significant negative correlation between @entity101 and @entity1642 (correlation ratio = 2/26/4). Corresponding to minimum flow rates, the correlation ratio for @entity101 vs. @entity450 and @entity101 vs. @entity1642 were (20/7/5) and (2/26/4), respectively. Using baseline scans, the correlation ratios for @entity101 vs. @entity450 were (10/12/10) and (9/13/10) for maximum and minimum flow rates, respectively. The correlation ratios for @entity101 vs. @entity1642 were the same (18/5/9), corresponding to maximum and minimum flow rates. CONCLUSION: Flow shear stress corresponding to the minimum flow rates in a cardiac cycle had slightly better correlation with @entity101 , compared to @entity450 corresponding to maximum flow rates. Choice of maximum or minimum flow rates had no impact on @entity1642 correlations. Advanced plaque progression correlated positively with flow shear stress and negatively with @entity1642 using follow-up scans. Correlation results using @entity450 at the baseline scan were inconclusive.

Impact of flow rates in a cardiac cycle on correlations between advanced @entity1 carotid plaque progression and mechanical flow shear stress and XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['wall thickness increase', 'WTI'] @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['flow wall shear stresses', 'FSS'] @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture'] @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis'] @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['PWS', 'plaque wall stress']
@entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['plaque wall stress']
