OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review was to systematically review and evaluate available literature describing the effect of @entity1239 replacement therapy (NRT) on mortality and other outcomes in @entity1239 -dependent @entity3124 @entity1 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). DATA SOURCES: A systematic search of the following databases was performed: MEDLINE (1948-August 2011), EMBASE (1980-August 2011), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-August 2011), Google, and Google Scholar. STUDY SELECTION: Studies that reported outcomes associated with any form of NRT in any intensive care setting were included. Studies were included regardless of design or number of @entity1 reported. Studies published in languages other than English were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: Data from each study were extracted using a standardized data extraction tool. Information included the study design, number of @entity1 , classification of ICU, baseline characteristics, outcomes assessed, and overall results. DATA SYNTHESIS: Our search identified 8 studies, of which 7 met the inclusion criteria. These 7 studies were qualitatively reviewed and critically appraised for methodological quality, robustness of results, and internal and external validity. The results of similar studies and populations were compared in order to draw conclusions pertaining to specific intensive care settings. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that NRT should not be routinely prescribed to @entity1 admitted to intensive care settings. With only equivocal evidence of efficacy and signals suggesting increased @entity137 , we believe that its use should be limited to selected @entity1 where the potential benefit clearly outweighs the risk. There is a need for adequately powered randomized controlled trials to confirm the benefits and risks of NRT in the ICU overall but also in its unique subpopulations.

XXXX replacement therapy in the intensive care unit: a systematic review.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients'] @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill'] @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']
@entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['Nicotine']
