@entity28650 ( @entity28650 ) and @entity27943 have been implicated in the protection of cells against reactive @entity26 species (ROS), heavy metals, and a variety of pathological and environmental stressors. Here, we show a robust increase in @entity28650 / @entity27943 mRNA level and MT proteins in the livers and lungs of C57BL/6 @entity19 exposed to the @entity778 that infects the upper respiratory tract and lungs. @entity777 ( @entity777 ) had a pronounced effect on the induction of these genes in the liver but not the lung. Treatment of the animals with @entity3927 , a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, inhibited induction of @entity28650 / @entity27943 in both liver and lung, revealing a direct role of glucocorticoid that is increased upon @entity281 in this induction process. In vivo genomic footprinting (IVGF) analysis demonstrated involvement of almost all metal response elements, major late transcription factor/antioxidant response element (MLTF/ARE), the @entity10433 binding site on the @entity28650 upstream promoter, and the glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE1), located upstream of the @entity27943 gene, in the induction process in the liver and lung. In the lung, inducible footprinting was also identified at a unique @entity60 ) response element (gamma-IRE) and at @entity10591 sites. The mobility shift analysis showed activation of @entity10433 and the glucocorticoid receptor in the liver and lung nuclear extracts, which was consistent with the IVGF data. Analysis of the newly synthesized mRNA for cytokines in the infected lung by real-time PCR showed a robust increase in the levels of @entity1618 and @entity60 mRNA that can activate @entity10433 and @entity16279 , respectively. A @entity16279 -containing complex that binds to the gamma-IRE in vitro was activated in the infected lung. No major change in MLTF/ARE DNA binding activity in the liver and lung occurred after @entity281 . These results have demonstrated that @entity28650 and @entity27943 can be induced robustly in the liver and lung following experimental @entity683 virus @entity281 by overlapping but distinct molecular mechanisms.

Influenza virus XXXX induces metallothionein gene expression in the @entity19 liver and lung by overlapping but distinct molecular mechanisms.

@entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A/PR8 virus'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity10433 :: ('20848(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['STAT3'] @entity28650 :: ('17748(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Metallothionein I', 'MT-I'] @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'gamma interferon (IFN-gamma'] @entity1618 :: ('16153(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IL-10'] @entity777 :: ('16193(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IL-6', 'Interleukin-6'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection'] @entity10591 :: ('20683(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Sp1'] @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza'] @entity27943 :: ('17750(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MT-II'] @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['RU-486'] @entity16279 :: ('20846(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['STAT1']
@entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']
