Recent advances in the diagnosis and therapy of @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity1503 are reviewed. In general, 40-60% of febrile episodes lack clinical or microbiological evidence of @entity281 and are thus treated empirically. Among the cases of microbiologically documented @entity2259 treated in our department, the incidence of Gram-negative bacteria was high (47.1%) and the incidence of @entity2259 is increasing. To improve the diagnostic rate of Gram-negative sepsis, the measurement of plasma endotoxin was performed. Of 147 febrile neutropenic episodes, @entity5694 was observed in 58 (39.5%) and the causative microorganisms of these @entity281 were deemed Gram-negative bacteria. The measurement of plasma (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan, a ubiquitous component of fungi, was also performed for making early diagnosis of @entity3217 ; the sensitivity of this assay was 90% and the specificity was 100%. The detection of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan appears to be useful as a screening test of @entity3217 . The effects of the concomitant use of @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) and empiric antibiotic therapy for @entity1398 were studied in a randomized fashion. @entity1261 did not affect the rate of the response to the empiric antibiotic therapy, although a significant effect of @entity1261 on neutrophil recovery was observed. Guidelines for empiric antibiotic and antifungal therapy combined with serological diagnosis are proposed.

Infections in XXXX with @entity1503 : recent advances in serological diagnosis and empiric therapy.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia'] @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte-colony stimulating factor'] @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['deep mycosis'] @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological diseases'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections'] @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia'] @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'Gram-positive bacteremia']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']
