BACKGROUND: Parental smoking and exposure of the mother or the @entity1 to environmental @entity286 smoke (ETS) as risk factors for @entity981 ( @entity981 ) were investigated. METHODS: Incident cases of childhood @entity981 were enrolled in 14 Italian Regions during 1998-2001. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) conducting logistic regression models including 82 cases of @entity981 and 1,044 controls. Inverse probability weighting was applied adjusting for: age; sex; provenience; birth order; birth weight; breastfeeding; parental educational level age, birth year, and occupational exposure to benzene. RESULTS: Paternal smoke in the conception period was associated with @entity981 (OR for >= 11 cigarettes/day =1.79, 95% CI 1.01-3.15; P trend 0.05). An apparent effect modification by maternal age was identified: only @entity1 of mothers aged below 30 presented increased risks. We found weak statistical evidence of an association of @entity981 with maternal exposure to ETS (OR for exposure>3 hours/day =1.85, 95%CI 0.97-3.52; P trend 0.07). No association was observed between @entity981 and either maternal smoking during pregnancy or @entity1 exposure to ETS. CONCLUSIONS: This study is consistent with the hypothesis that paternal smoke is associated with @entity981 . We observed statistical evidence of an association between maternal exposure to ETS and @entity981 , but believe bias might have inflated our estimates.

XXXX Smoke and Risk of Childhood Acute Non-Lymphocytic Leukemia: Findings from the SETIL Study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child'] @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco'] @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['Acute non-Lymphocytic Leukemia', 'AnLL']
@entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']
