UNASSIGNED: Background. We aimed to validate an easy-to-use videofluoroscopic analysis tool, the bolus residue scale ( @entity4375 ), for detection and classification of pharyngeal retention in the valleculae, piriform sinuses, and/or the posterior pharyngeal wall. Methods. 50 randomly selected videofluoroscopic images of 10   mL swallows (recorded in 18 @entity1282 @entity1 and 8 controls) were analyzed by 4 experts and 6 nonexpert observers. A score from 1 to 6 was assigned according to the number of structures affected by residue. Inter- and intrarater reliabilities were assessed by calculation of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for expert and nonexpert observers. Sensitivity, specificity, and interrater agreement were analyzed for different @entity4375 levels. Results. Intrarater reproducibility was almost perfect for experts (mean ICC 0.972) and ranged from substantial to almost perfect for nonexperts (mean ICC 0.835). Interjudge agreement of the experts ranged from substantial to almost perfect (mean ICC 0.780), but interrater reliability of nonexperts ranged from substantial to good (mean 0.719). @entity4375 shows for experts a high specificity and sensitivity and for nonexperts a low sensitivity and high specificity. Conclusions. The @entity4375 is a simple, easy-to-carry-out, and accessible rating scale to locate pharyngeal retention on videofluoroscopic images with a good specificity and reproducibility for observers of different expertise levels.

Bolus Residue Scale: An Easy-to-Use and Reliable Videofluoroscopic Analysis Tool to Score Bolus Residue in @entity1 with XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity4375 :: ('11246', 'Species') :: ['BRS'] @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']
@entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['Dysphagia']
