BACKGROUND: @entity358 , pulmonary persistent @entity101 of the newborn and its morphological changes are the main features in @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ). This study was undertaken to investigate if antenatal use of @entity7855 and/or @entity12584 attenuates vascular remodeling, promotes branching, and improves alveolarization in experimental nitrofeninduced @entity2914 . METHODS: @entity25327 (100 mg) was gavage-fed to pregnant @entity35 at @entity227 ( @entity227 ) 9 to induce @entity2914 . The @entity35 were randomized to 5 groups: 1) control; 2) @entity25327 ; 3) @entity25327 + @entity7855 100 mg/kg per day at @entity227 16-20; 4) @entity25327 + @entity12584 30 mg/kg per day, at @entity227 16-20, and 5) @entity25327 + @entity12584 + @entity7855 , same doses and administration days. After cesarean delivery, the offsprings were sacrificed. The @entity2914 and @entity358 were identified, and the lungs were dissected. Arterial wall thickness, bronchiolar density and alveolarization were assessed. RESULTS: The offsprings with @entity2914 were characterized by severe @entity358 (lung weight-to-body weight ratio: 0.0263 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.0242-0.0278)] in the @entity25327 group versus 0.0385 (95% CI 0.0355-0.0424) in the control group (P=0.0001). Pulmonary arterial wall thickness was decreased to 3.0 (95% CI 2.8-3.7)  m in the @entity25327 + @entity7855 group versus 5.0 (95% CI 4.1-4.9)  m in the @entity25327 group (P=0.02). Terminal bronchioles increased to 13.7 (95% CI 10.7-15.2)  m in the @entity25327 + @entity12584 group in contrast to 8.7 (95% CI 7.2-9.4)  m in the @entity25327 group (P=0.002). More significant differences (P=0.0001) were seen in terminal bronchioles in the @entity25327 + @entity7855 + @entity12584 group than in the @entity25327 group [14.0 (95% CI 12.5-15.4)  m versus 8.5 (95% CI 7.1-9.3)  m]. Pulmonary arterial wall thickness was also decreased in the former group. CONCLUSIONS: In this @entity35 model, antenatal treatment with @entity7855 attenuates vascular remodeling. @entity12584 promotes the development of terminal bronchioles in @entity25327 -induced @entity2914 .

Antenatal use of XXXX and/or @entity7855 attenuates pulmonary features in @entity35 with @entity2914 .

@entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['post conception day', 'PCD'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension'] @entity12584 :: ('MESH:C086232', 'Chemical') :: ['Bosentan', 'bosentan'] @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic defect', 'congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH'] @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil'] @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypoplasia', 'Lung hypoplasia'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'rats'] @entity25327 :: ('MESH:C007350', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrofen', 'Nitrofen']
@entity12584 :: (MESH:C086232,Chemical) :: ['bosentan']
