BACKGROUND: Occupational risk factors for the development of @entity5 are well accepted, whereas the etiologic relationship between occupational exposure to various noxious influences and the development of @entity1697 and pharynx remain a matter of debate. Based on published data, occupational risk factors for @entity1697 and pharynx should be evaluated. METHODS: Publications since 1990 listed in the National Library of Medicine, textbooks and data obtained from the German Employer's Liability Insurance Association were evaluated. RESULTS: In several @entity286 - and @entity167 -adjusted case-control and cohort studies, an association with occupation in construction and metalworking industries, as painters, carpenters and machine operators was consistently found. The relative risks or standardized mortality rates ranged between 1.5 and 3. Some recent investigations found an association for workers in the paper and rubber industry. The results in regard to the textile and woodworking industry were inconclusive. CONCLUSION: In cases with moderate isolated @entity286 or moderate isolated @entity167 consumption, the risk attributable to occupational factors and smoking or drinking are of similar magnitude. According to German jurisdiction, a partial compensation of the acquired disability is then justified. In pronounced combined @entity286 and @entity167 consumption, the non-occupational risk factors increase exponentially and occupational risks attain marginal weight.

[Occupational exposure and XXXX and pharynx].

@entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer'] @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco'] @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol'] @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the oral cavity']
@entity1697 :: (MESH:D009062,Disease) :: ['cancer of the oral cavity']
