To examine the direct effects of @entity2384 ( @entity68637 ) on osteoclasts and osteoblasts, teleost scale, which has both osteoclasts and osteoblasts and is similar to @entity1 membrane bone, was used in the present study. The activities of @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase and alkaline-phosphatase, as respective indicators of activity in both cells, were used. In freshwater teleost ( @entity2083 ) and marine teleosts (nibbler and wrasse), the osteoclastic activity in the scales did not change as a result of @entity68637 treatment (10(-9) to 10(-5) M). However, the osteoblastic activity decreased in the @entity2083 , nibbler, and wrasse after 6 h of incubation. In @entity2083 , even 10(-10) M of @entity68637 significantly inhibited the osteoblastic activity. The inhibitory activity in @entity2083 was stronger than that in nibbler and wrasse. Therefore, details of the mechanism were examined using @entity2083 . The mRNA expressions of the @entity172 receptor and insulin-like growth factor-I, which participate in osteoblastic growth and differentiation, decreased in the @entity68637 -treated scales. However, the mRNA expression of metallothionein (MT), a metal-binding protein that protects the organism from heavy metal, increased much less than those of @entity3409 and @entity5165 . Furthermore, we showed that the plasma @entity460 and @entity14645 hormone ( @entity175 ) level increased in @entity2083 kept in water containing @entity68637 (10(-10) and 10(-8) M). The current data are the first to demonstrate that, in teleosts, @entity68637 inhibits osteoblastic activity without affecting osteoclastic activity and disrupts the @entity460 metabolism, including the calcemic hormone, in @entity2083 .

XXXX inhibits osteoblastic activity and disrupts @entity460 metabolism through an increase in plasma @entity460 and @entity175 levels in teleosts.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian'] @entity68637 :: ('MESH:C047985', 'Chemical') :: ['TBTA'] @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate'] @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen'] @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin'] @entity5165 :: ('CHEBI:30785', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl-mercury'] @entity3409 :: ('MESH:D002104', 'Chemical') :: ['cadmium'] @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemic'] @entity2384 :: ('MESH:C011559', 'Chemical') :: ['tributyltin acetate'] @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium'] @entity2083 :: ('7957', 'Species') :: ['goldfish']
@entity2384 :: (MESH:C011559,Chemical) :: ['Tributyltin']
