UNASSIGNED: About 5-10  % of all @entity174 suffer from @entity245 , which may lead to non-union. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) can be used to induce differentiation of osteoblasts and enhance the formation of the bony callus, and @entity171 help to retain the newly formed callus. The aim of this study was to investigate if scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and @entity11898 ( @entity11898 ) can identify differences in the mineral composition of the newly formed bone compared to cortical bone from a non-fractured control. Moreover, we investigate whether the use of BMPs and @entity171 -alone or combined-may have an effect on bone mineralization and composition. Twelve male @entity35 at 9  weeks of age were randomly divided into four groups and treated with (A) saline, (B) @entity21405 , (C) @entity171 ( @entity4381 ), and (D) @entity21405  +  @entity4381 . The @entity35 were sacrificed after 6  weeks. All samples were imaged using SEM and chemically analyzed with @entity11898 to quantify the amount of C, N, Ca, P, O, Na, and Mg. The Ca/P ratio was the primary outcome. In the fractured samples, two areas of interest were chosen for chemical analysis with @entity11898 : the callus and the cortical bone. In the non-fractured samples, only the cortex was analyzed. Our results showed that the element composition varied to a small extent between the callus and the cortical bone in the fractured bones. However, the Ca/P ratio did not differ significantly, suggesting that the mineralization at all sites is similar 6  weeks post- @entity174 in this @entity35 model.

Characterizing the Composition of Bone Formed During XXXX Healing Using Scanning Electron Microscopy Techniques.

@entity11898 :: ('MESH:C564523', 'Disease') :: ['energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy', 'EDS'] @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates'] @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fractures', 'fracture'] @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['delayed healing'] @entity21405 :: ('85272(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BMP-7'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats'] @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['Zoledronate']
@entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fracture']
