BACKGROUND: Free @entity26 radicals and insufficiency of antioxidant enzymes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity101 ( @entity101 ). Trace elements function as a co-factor in antioxidant enzymes. The antioxidant system and trace elements have been investigated in many different studies including @entity101 , but these subjects have not been investigated as a whole in these @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidative system and trace elements in @entity101 @entity1 given different antihypertensive therapy. METHODS: We examined @entity1234 and @entity224 dismutase activities together with @entity920 and @entity219 levels in plasma of 102 @entity1 with @entity101 and in 51 healthy controls. RESULTS: It was found that in @entity1 with @entity101 , plasma @entity1234 was significantly higher than those of controls, while plasma @entity224 dismutase activities were significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity101 . Plasma @entity219 levels were significantly higher than those of controls and plasma @entity920 levels were significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity101 . Plasma lipid levels and oxidative state were analyzed in five different treatment groups given antihypertensive drug therapy before and after a 3-month treatment period. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our clinical study shows that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers have notable effects on oxidative stress, and are an essential step in managing essential @entity101 by the way of improvement of @entity409 . Although it has been shown that @entity460 channel blockers, beta blockers and alpha receptor blockers have antioxidant effects in in vitro conditions, we did not demonstrate these effects in our clinical study.

Effects of antihypertensive agents, alpha receptor blockers, beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and XXXX channel blockers, on oxidative stress.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'hypertension disease', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity219 :: ('MESH:D015032', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc'] @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction'] @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde'] @entity920 :: ('MESH:D003300', 'Chemical') :: ['copper'] @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium'] @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']
@entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']
