RATIONALE: Changes in the pulmonary microbiota are associated with progressive @entity1576 including @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). Whether there is a causal relationship between these changes and disease progression remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the link between an altered microbiota and disease, we used a @entity19 model of @entity55 that is characterized by key pathological features found in @entity1030 and compared responses in specific pathogen-free (SPF) @entity19 and @entity19 depleted of microbiota by antibiotic treatment or devoid of a microbiota (axenic). METHODS: @entity19 were challenged with @entity558 /elastase intranasally over 4 weeks, resulting in a chronically inflamed and damaged lung. The ensuing cellular infiltration, histological damage, and decline in lung function were quantified. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Similar to @entity1 disease, the composition of the pulmonary microbiota was altered in diseased animals. We found that the microbiota richness and diversity were decreased in @entity558 /elastase-treated @entity19 , with an increased representation of the genera Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus and a @entity353 . Moreover, the microbiota was implicated in disease development as @entity19 depleted, or devoid, of microbiota exhibited an improvement in lung function, reduced @entity32 , and lymphoid neogenesis. The absence of microbial cues markedly decreased the production of @entity636 , whereas intranasal transfer of fluid enriched with the pulmonary microbiota isolated from diseased @entity19 enhanced @entity636 production in the lungs of antibiotic-treated or axenic recipients. Finally, in @entity19 harboring a microbiota, neutralizing @entity636 dampened @entity32 and restored lung function. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data indicate that host-microbial cross-talk promotes @entity32 and could underlie the chronicity of inflammatory @entity358 .

Microbiota Promotes @entity55 by Enhancing XXXX and Autoantibodies.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['LPS'] @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in Prevotella'] @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung inflammation'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mice', 'murine'] @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung diseases'] @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases'] @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD'] @entity636 :: ('16171(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IL-17A']
@entity636 :: (16171(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-17A']
