@entity706 ( @entity706 ) is characterized by a continuous rate of relapse and transformation to a high-grade @entity706 , usually @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ), associated with a dismal prognosis and a poor response to conventional chemotherapy. The progression of indolent to aggressive @entity706 is accompanied by the successive accumulation of recurrent chromosomal defects, but the resultant alterations of gene expression are largely unknown. To expand the understanding of the pathogenesis of @entity706 transformation, we initially performed oligonucleotide microarray analyses using Affymetrix HuFL chips on five cases with matched snap-frozen lymph nodes before and after transformation. Expression data were analyzed using the Affymetrix Microarray Suite 4.0 and Genespring 4.0. Thirty-six genes with increased expression and 66 genes with decreased expression associated with transformation were identified and functionally classified. The expression of differentially expressed genes was confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) using a total of seven matched pairs and an additional five @entity706 and five unrelated @entity1892 . In addition, selected genes were further analyzed by QRT-PCR or immunohistochemistry using a large, unrelated series of @entity706 (grades 1 to 3) as well as transformed and de novo @entity1892 (total of 51 samples). The microarray results correlated with the protein expression data obtained from samples at the time of initial diagnosis and transformation. Furthermore, the expression of 25 candidate genes was evaluated by QRT-PCR with a 78% confirmation rate. Some of the identified genes, such as nucleobindin, @entity20630 , and @entity2843 , are already known to be associated with high-grade @entity1893 . Novel candidate genes with confirmed increased and decreased expression in transformed @entity1892 include @entity48527 and @entity19267 , and @entity8395 and @entity24771 , respectively. In summary, this study shows that transformation of @entity706 to @entity1892 is associated with a distinct set of differentially expressed genes of potential functional importance.

Gene expression profile of serial samples of transformed XXXX .

@entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'FL', 'Follicular lymphoma'] @entity19267 :: ('4751', 'Gene') :: ['NEK2'] @entity24771 :: ('10628', 'Gene') :: ['VDUP1'] @entity20630 :: ('3662', 'Gene') :: ['interferon regulatory factor 4'] @entity48527 :: ('27', 'Gene') :: ['ABL2'] @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['DLBCL', 'diffuse large B-cell lymphoma'] @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1'] @entity8395 :: ('5133', 'Gene') :: ['PDCD1'] @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]
@entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphomas']
