@entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) is characterized by a significant heterogeneity at the molecular level. The first level is the chromosomal one. Although cytogenetics is difficult to assess in @entity1582 , @entity1 can be divided into two categories: hyperdiploidy and @entity3257 (about half in each group). Using molecular cytogenetic techniques, several subgroups of @entity1 are identified, particularly on the basis of 14q32 translocations. This chromosomal heterogeneity is confirmed by genomic techniques (gene expression profiling or single nucleotide polymorphism/comparative genomic hybridization arrays). Unsupervised analyses of gene expression profiles identified several subgroups of @entity1 , essentially on the basis of @entity2008 such as hyperdiploidy or 14q32 translocations. However, these analyses failed to separate @entity1582 into subentities, which could lead to specific therapeutic approaches, as is the case for @entity1893 . Nevertheless, these chromosomal/genomic data can be used for prognostication of @entity1 . Specific chromosomal changes, such as loss of the short arm of chromosome 17, or specific gene expression profiles clearly identify @entity1 with short survival. No molecular change so far has been associated with long survival or even cure, probably because of the short follow-up observed in all studies. So far, it is unclear how to use this massive amount of data to treat @entity1 . Because of the complex and heterogeneous picture of the molecular profiles, it is unexpected that targeted therapies might play a role in @entity1582 . The only recognized indication is to propose @entity1749 -based approaches for the treatment of @entity1 displaying the translocation t(4;14).

Molecular heterogeneity of XXXX : pathogenesis, prognosis, and therapeutic implications.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib'] @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple myeloma', 'MM'] @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"] @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities'] @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-hyperdiploidy']
@entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']
