The DNA region of the @entity11784 chromosome containing the @entity1457 genes @entity26541 and groEL was cloned, and the genes were sequenced. These genes are arranged in the chromosome in the order @entity26541 -groEL. Northern hybridization experiments with RNA from @entity11784 and a DNA probe carrying both @entity26541 and groEL genes showed a single, heat-inducible transcript of approximately 2200 nt, indicating that these genes form an operon. Primer extension analysis revealed a strong, heat-inducible transcription start site 59 nt upstream of @entity26541 , preceded by a sequence typical for the @entity526 @entity1457 promoters recognized by the sigma(32) factor, and a weak transcription start site 25 nt upstream the @entity26541 gene, preceded by a sequence typical for sigma(70) promoters. Transcription from the latter promoter occurred only at low temperatures. The @entity11784 groE operon cloned in a plasmid in @entity526 cells was transcribed in a sigma(32)-dependent manner; the transcript size and the sigma(32)-dependent transcription start site were as in @entity11784 cells. Comparison of @entity11784 groE transcription regulation with the other well-characterized groE operons of the gamma subdivision of proteobacteria (those of @entity526 and @entity796 ) indicates a high conservation of the transcriptional regulatory elements among these bacteria, with two promoters, sigma(32) and sigma(70), involved in the regulation. The ability of the cloned groESL genes to complement @entity526 groE mutants was tested: @entity11784 @entity26541 restored a thermoresistant phenotype to @entity26541 bacteria and enabled @entity5999 to grow in the mutant cells. @entity11784 groEL did not abolish thermosensitivity of groEL bacteria but it complemented the groEL mutant with respect to growth of @entity5999 . The results suggest that the GroEL chaperone may be more species-specific than the @entity26541 co-chaperone.

Cloning and characterization of the groE @entity1457 operon of the marine bacterium XXXX .

@entity11784 :: ('669', 'Species') :: ['V. harveyi', 'Vibrio harveyi'] @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa'] @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat-shock'] @entity5999 :: ('10710', 'Species') :: ['lambda phage'] @entity26541 :: ('13876916', 'Gene') :: ['groES', 'GroES'] @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']
@entity11784 :: (669,Species) :: ['Vibrio harveyi']
