Nuts have been identified as a vector for @entity5746 . The objective of this project was to estimate the prevalence and contamination level of Salmonella in raw tree nuts (cashews, pecans, hazelnuts, @entity69136 , pine nuts, and walnuts) at retail markets in the United States. A total of 3,656 samples of six types of tree nuts were collected from different types of retail stores and markets nationwide between October 2014 and October 2015. These samples were analyzed using a modified version of the Salmonella culture method from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual. Of the 3,656 samples collected and tested, 32 were culturally confirmed as containing Salmonella. These isolates represented 25 serotypes. Salmonella was not detected in pecans and in-shell hazelnuts. Salmonella prevalence estimates (and 95% confidence intervals) in cashews, shelled hazelnuts, pine nuts, walnuts, and @entity69136 were 0.55% [0.15, 1.40], 0.35% [0.04, 1.20], 0.48% [0.10, 1.40], 1.20% [0.53, 2.40], and 4.20% [2.40, 6.90], respectively. The rates of Salmonella isolation from major or big chain supermarkets, small chain supermarkets, discount, variety, or drug stores, and online were 0.64% [0.38, 1.00], 1.60% [0.80, 2.90], 0.00% [0.00, 2.40], and 13.64% [2.90, 35.00], respectively (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test: P = 0.02). The rates of Salmonella isolation for conventional and organic nuts were not significantly different. Of the samples containing Salmonella, 60.7% had levels less than 0.003 @entity25736 ( @entity25736 )/g. The highest contamination level observed was 0.092 @entity25736 /g. The prevalence and levels of Salmonella in these tree nut samples were comparable to those previously reported for similar foods.

Prevalence of Salmonella in Cashews, Hazelnuts, XXXX , Pecans, Pine Nuts, and Walnuts in the United States.

@entity25736 :: ('MESH:C536741', 'Disease') :: ['most probable number', 'MPN'] @entity69136 :: ('60698', 'Species') :: ['macadamia nuts'] @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['salmonellosis']
@entity69136 :: (60698,Species) :: ['Macadamia Nuts']
