Although @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) and @entity19765 are biodegradable at ambient temperature, in some cases low bioavailabilities are the reason for slow biodegradation. Considerably higher mass transfer rates and @entity2556 solubilities and hence bioavailabilities can be obtained at higher temperatures. Mixed and pure cultures of aerobic, extreme thermophilic microorganisms (Bacillus spp., Thermus sp.) were used to degrade @entity2556 compounds and @entity2556 / @entity2292 mixtures at 65 degrees C. The microorganisms used grew on @entity9436 as sole @entity505 and energy source. Optimal growth temperatures were in the range of 60-70 degrees C at pH values of 6-7. The conversion of @entity2556 with 3-5 rings ( @entity25945 , @entity14368 , @entity9435 , @entity28731 ) was demonstrated. Efficient @entity2556 biodegradation required a second, degradable liquid phase. Thermus brockii Hamburg metabolized up to 40 mg (1 h)(-1) @entity9435 and 1000 mg (1 h)(-1) @entity2291 at 70 degrees C. Specific growth rates of 0.43 h(-1) were measured for this strain with @entity2291 / @entity9435 mixtures as the sole @entity505 and energy source in a 2-liter stirred bioreactor. About 0.7 g cell dry weight were formed from 1 g @entity7294 . The experiments demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of extreme thermophilic @entity2556 and @entity2292 biodegradation.

Degradation of @entity2555 and long chain XXXX at 60-70 degrees C by Thermus and Bacillus spp [corrected].

@entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons'] @entity28731 :: ('MESH:C026487', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[e]pyrene'] @entity25945 :: ('MESH:C042552', 'Chemical') :: ['acenaphthene'] @entity2291 :: ('MESH:C007932', 'Chemical') :: ['hexadecane'] @entity19765 :: ('MESH:D000473', 'Chemical') :: ['alkanes'] @entity9436 :: ('MESH:D006838', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbons'] @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon'] @entity2556 :: ('CHEBI:33848', 'Chemical') :: ['PAH'] @entity14368 :: ('MESH:C007738', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoranthene'] @entity9435 :: ('MESH:C030984', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrene'] @entity505 :: ('MESH:D002244', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon'] @entity2292 :: ('CHEBI:18310', 'Chemical') :: ['alkane']
@entity19765 :: (MESH:D000473,Chemical) :: ['alkanes']
