PURPOSE: An epidural block is frequently combined with general anesthesia. Both systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics may be affected by high epidural anesthesia and the combined general anesthetic. These effects were investigated in a @entity235 model. METHODS: Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics during a combined high thoraco-cervical epidural and general anesthesia were studied in @entity235 ; the animals were anesthetized with @entity1875 , 10 mg.kg(-1).hr(-1), or 2% @entity2614 , and then 1% @entity10541 , 5 mL, was injected epidurally between T1 and T2. Cardiac output (CO), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), @entity551 ( @entity551 ), central venous pressure (CVP), electrocardiogram, and arterial and mixed venous gases were monitored for over 90 min after epidural @entity10541 . The interval between @entity2614 and @entity1875 studies was two hours. RESULTS: Baseline measurement of @entity551 with @entity2614 anesthesia was significantly lower (P < 0.05-0.01) at every time point than with @entity1875 anesthesia. After epidural @entity10541 (C1)-T7/8 blockade), @entity551 (P < 0.05-0.01), CO (P < 0.05-0.01), and heart rate (P < 0.05-0.01) decreased significantly during both @entity1875 and @entity2614 anesthesia. In the @entity2614 group, @entity64 volume decreased significantly (P < 0.05-0.01) but recovered; however, @entity551 (P < 0.01) and CO (P < 0.05) did not recover 90 min after the injection. Mean CVP and systemic vascular resistance were not altered. There were no changes in mean PAP, mean PCWP, and pulmonary vascular resistance. CONCLUSION: A combined high thoracic/general anesthesia depressed systemic hemodynamics, whereas the pulmonary circulation was not affected. The extent of the @entity308 varied with the general anesthetics used, @entity2614 and @entity1875 .

Systemic, but not pulmonary, hemodynamics are depressed during combined high thoraco-cervical epidural and general anesthesia in XXXX .

@entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke'] @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression'] @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'dogs'] @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['mepivacaine'] @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol'] @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane'] @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['MAP', 'mean arterial pressure']
@entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']
