BACKGROUND: Caudal @entity1337 has been prolonged by the addition of various adjuvants. @entity6948 is a highly selective alpha-2 agonist with sedative and analgesic properties. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of addition of @entity6948 to 0.25% @entity1341 for caudal @entity1337 in @entity1 undergoing major @entity5 surgery. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized double-blind trial. SETTING: Academic medical center. METHODS: Forty pediatric @entity1 , aged 3 - 12 years, weighting 10 - 40 kg, and of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II scheduled for major @entity5 surgeries under general anesthesia combined with caudal @entity1337 were enrolled. They were randomly allocated into 2 groups: Group I (BD): (n = 20) received 1 mL/kg @entity1341 0.25% with @entity6948 1  g/kg and group II (B): (n = 20) received 1 mL/kg @entity1341 0.25%. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and @entity26 saturation (SPO2) were recorded for 120 minutes. @entity158 was assessed immediately postoperative and at hours 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 of postoperative period by Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (FLACC) score. Time to first request for @entity1337 and total analgesic consumption in the first 24 hours were recorded. The level of sedation was recorded using Ramsay's sedation scale [Intravenous @entity1443 15mg/kg (perfalgan, Squibb)]. Adverse effects were recorded and treated. RESULTS: There was significant reduction in FLACC score in group BD at 2, 4, 6, and 12 hours postoperatively compared to group B. At the eighteenth and twenty-fourth hour there was no significant difference. Time of the first rescue analgesic requirement was significantly prolonged in group BD compared to group B. The mean total consumption of rescue @entity1337 in the 24 hours of the postoperative period was significantly decreased in group BD (405.00    215.03) mg when compared with group B (810.35    200.93) mg. LIMITATIONS: This study is limited by its small sample size. CONCLUSION: Addition of @entity6948 (1  g/kg) to caudal @entity1341 0.25% (1 mL/kg) in pediatric major @entity5 surgeries achieved significant @entity282 relief for up to 19 hours, with less use of postoperative analgesics, and prolonged duration of arousable sedation. Hemodynamic changes were statistically significant, yet of no clinical significance.

Efficacy and safety of @entity6948 added to caudal @entity1341 in pediatric major XXXX surgery.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal cancer'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia'] @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen'] @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain'] @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine', 'Dexmedetomidine'] @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']
@entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['abdominal cancer']
