The immunophenotyping of @entity1778 and @entity1893 cells is based on staining the cells with monoclonal antibodies against surface and cytoplasmic determinants followed with flow cytometry analysis. The problems of immuno-phenotyping are associated with technical difficulties, changes in expression of determinants and the rare types of @entity1778 and @entity74 and @entity1 . The lack of blast cells within cell suspension obtained for test may be the result of @entity236 ( @entity2150 , @entity1503 ) or technical pitfall. The changed expression of determinants on blastic cells observed as weak expression or overexpression or atypical combination of determinants requires a careful interpretation. In the diagnosis of rare types of acute @entity1778 (e.g. erythroleukaemia, @entity1778 , mixed @entity1778 ) the additional monoclonal antibodies beyond routine set are needed. A special concern is necessary in diagnosis of newborns and @entity1 @entity1778 or @entity236 like @entity9713 particularly in @entity1 with other systemic diseases e.g. @entity465 , @entity1467 . The problems of immunophenotyping in @entity1893 are frequently associated with obtaining a representative material e.g. surgical @entity5 biopsy, lymph node. In some case the differential diagnosis including @entity5 and @entity706 is necessary what requires an additional set of monoclonal antibodies. Despite of modern technology, morphology, immunophenotyping and histopathology remain the standard of complex diagnosis of @entity1071 and @entity74 in @entity1 .

[The problems of immunological diagnosis of childhood acute leukemia and XXXX ].

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants'] @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative diseases'] @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic type of lymphoma'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['small round cell tumours', 'tumour'] @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anaemia'] @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['preleukaemic cytopenia'] @entity9713 :: ('MESH:D054437', 'Disease') :: ['myelodisplastic syndrome'] @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia', 'megakaryoblastic leukaemia', 'lineage or undifferentiated leukaemia'] @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['congenital immunological deficiencies'] @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"] @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['haematological disorders typical for newborns', 'haematopoietic disorders'] @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"] @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow disorder', 'bone marrow disorders']
@entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']
