Distinction between benign adrenal cortical proliferative lesions and @entity1636 has been approached by a combination of histological, immunohistochemical, and macroscopical parameters. Modern imaging studies allow detection of small adrenal cortical lesions that may be incorrectly diagnosed. Differentiation between benign and @entity16663 was attempted by microdissection of nine cases of @entity774 , 10 cortical @entity652 , and 18 @entity1636 with subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of five microsatellites of putative @entity5 suppressor gene loci: @entity876 gene (17p), the @entity521 candidate gene (1p), the @entity986 gene (9p), the @entity280 gene (3p), and the @entity995 gene (13q). None of the @entity75 or cortical @entity652 showed LOH of any of the gene markers used. Conversely, genetic changes were observed in 61% (11 of 18) of the cases of @entity189 . Forty-four percent of the lesions showed LOH for @entity876 (7 of 16). LOH of 1p, 3p, and 9p were seen in 22%, 22%, and 26%, respectively. LOH of the @entity995 gene was seen in 80% or four of five of the informative cases studied. We conclude that LOH studies may be used to distinguish malignant from nonmalignant adrenal cortical proliferations. Relative infrequency of LOH in 3p may furthermore help to differentiate @entity75 from clear cell @entity703 .

Utilization of molecular genetics in the differentiation between adrenal cortical XXXX and @entity189 .

@entity986 :: ('1029', 'Gene') :: ['p16'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal lesions', 'hyperplastic lesions'] @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas of the kidney'] @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma'] @entity876 :: ('7157', 'Gene') :: ['p53'] @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors of the adrenal cortex'] @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma'] @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal cortical carcinoma', 'adrenal cortical carcinomas'] @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma'] @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas'] @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von Hippel Lindau'] @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal cortical hyperplasia']
@entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenomas']
