PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features, radiological findings, and surgical treatment of @entity1 with congenital unilateral restrictive hypotropia and @entity5971 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis of @entity1 presenting with unilateral restrictive hypotropia and @entity5971 . In all @entity1 , magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) of the brain, brainstem, and orbits was obtained before surgery. Surgery consisted of inferior rectus recession combined in some cases with resection and upward transposition of the upper half of the horizontal rectus muscles. Minimum follow-up was 6 weeks. RESULTS: Four @entity1 meeting inclusion criteria were identified. All @entity1 had @entity4457 . Radiological findings included thickening of the posterior inferior rectus muscle belly (2 @entity1 ), @entity2694 (2 @entity1 ), and an irregular soft tissue mass in the nasal inferior orbit (2 @entity1 ). The oculomotor nerve appeared to be normal in 3 @entity1 and was not studied in 1. After surgery, 3 of 4 @entity1 were aligned within 10/\. One @entity1 showed lower eyelid retraction and limitation of @entity308 after a large recession of the inferior rectus muscle. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral hypotropia and @entity5971 can be associated with severe @entity121 . @entity4457 may be common in these @entity1 . Surgery to relieve the restriction can also correct the @entity5971 , suggesting a role for orbital connective tissue in the motility defect in these cases.

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of unilateral restrictive hypotropia and XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression'] @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia'] @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['inferior orbital fat hernia'] @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['inferior rectus muscle restriction'] @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia', 'Amblyopia']
@entity5971 :: (MESH:D004948,Disease) :: ['esotropia']
