The first known hormonal signal of the conceptus during implantation is @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity3566 ). Interestingly, increased apoptosis in @entity1 endometrium coincides with the implantation window. Factors from the fetal or placental origin as well as maternal hormonal factors are likely to have a potential role in the regulation of apoptotic signaling molecules. We hypothesized that @entity3566 may be a placental link for the development of local maternal immunotolerance. @entity12 ( @entity12 ) system is one of the apoptotic signaling pathways, shown to be important in the development of local immune tolerance during and after implantation. We report that @entity3566 treatment decreases cell proliferation and increases apoptosis in endometrial cells. Moreover, @entity3566 stimulates @entity12 mRNA and protein expression without affecting Fas mRNA in these cells. Interestingly, in coculture experiments, @entity3566 -treated endometrial cells induce an increase in T cell apoptosis. Our in vivo results reveal that cells of early pregnancy decidua express strong @entity12 immunoreactivity, and decidual areas containing interstitial cytotrophoblasts have numerous TUNEL-positive cells. Compared with decidual areas devoid of interstitial cytotrophoblasts, we observed in decidual areas containing interstitial cytotrophoblasts clearly less amount of TUNEL-positive cells. These results suggest that @entity3566 may be a link in the development of peritrophoblastic immune tolerance and may facilitate the trophoblast invasion by regulating proapoptotic molecules such as @entity12 in endometrial cells.

@entity1 chorionic gonadotropin contributes to maternal immunotolerance and endometrial apoptosis by regulating XXXX system.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity3566 :: ('3342', 'Gene') :: ['hCG'] @entity12 :: ('356', 'Gene') :: ['FasL', 'Fas-Fas ligand']
@entity12 :: (356,Gene) :: ['Fas-Fas ligand']
