Extrahepatic @entity1157 is a rare finding in infancy and early childhood. However, there is an increasing number of @entity1 operated at this age reported in the literature. This increase may have multifactorial reasons, e.g. real increase, better ability of detection as a result of better diagnostic techniques and knowledge of predisposing factors of extrahepatic @entity1157 in childhood, especially in early childhood and infancy. The following report describes three cases of extrahepatic @entity1157 treated at the Department of Surgery of the University of Technology in Aachen, Germany. From 1986 to 1998 28 @entity1 below 18 years were operated at our Department of Surgery. There was a recognizable increase of @entity1 in 1996, 1997 and 1998. Whereas from 1986 to 1995 an average of 1.5 Cholecystectomies in pediatric @entity1 were done, the years from 1996 to 1998 show an average of 5,33 @entity1 operated per year. Every @entity1 obtained a Cholecystectomy -- 15 conventional open Cholecystectomies and 13 Laparoscopies, which were primarily performed in @entity1 in our clinic in 1991. Besides cholecystectomy in one case a Hepaticoenterostomy was necessary and in another case surgical treatment of the Papilla of Vater and the Common Bile Duct was performed. In 22 @entity1 symptomatic @entity2963 was the indication for a Cholecystectomy. Another @entity1 had a @entity1127 consisting of heterotopic Duodenal glands, two @entity1 showed a @entity1085 following trauma and cardiac operation and three @entity1 had @entity2679 without @entity5990 . Clinical data was collected and retrospectively reviewed. Additionally, we created a personal questionnaire to carry through a follow-up. Three @entity1 were less than 3 1/2 years old. The youngest @entity1 was only 5 months old and presented with @entity2963 and @entity2877 . Another male @entity1 , aged 2 years received a Cholecystectomy and a Hepaticoenterostomy because of a Choledochal Cyst Type Ib (Todani-Classification). And a 3-year-old- @entity1 had a @entity1085 caused by @entity1031 following cardiac operation nine days before.

Treatment of extrahepatic XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient'] @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['shock gallbladder'] @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder polyp'] @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct disease in infancy and early childhood', 'bile duct disease'] @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones'] @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['Cholelithiasis'] @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['chronic Cholecystitis'] @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism'] @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['Choledocholithiasis']
@entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['bile duct disease in infancy and early childhood']
