OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of placing @entity737 ( @entity737 ) in the electrophysiology laboratory using conscious sedation with combined hypnotic agents and deep sedation with @entity4671 . BACKGROUND: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators with transvenous leads permit the use of simplified implantation techniques similar to those used for the insertion of permanent pacemakers. However, implantation of @entity737 without general anesthesia has thus far gained limited acceptance. METHODS: In 162 @entity1 , conscious sedation during ICD placement was achieved with combined intravenous @entity1363 , @entity1286 and @entity4489 (Phenergan). Intravenous @entity4671 was administered to induce deep sedation for defibrillation threshold testing. First-time implantations were in the prepectoral position (n = 142), but some @entity1 with preexisting devices received abdominal implants (n = 20). The results were compared with those of concurrent @entity1 (n = 56) who received prepectoral implants under @entity1875 anesthesia administered by an attending anesthesiologist. RESULTS: The anesthetic protocol was implemented without major @entity3816 . During deep sedation with @entity4671 , episodes of @entity386 , @entity519 or @entity551 requiring therapeutic intervention did not occur. During a mean (+/-SD) follow-up period of 257 +/- 140 days (median 227, range 14 to 482), there were, among the 162 @entity1 , a total of two nonsudden @entity204 -one 71 days and the other 157 days after the operation. There were two nonsudden deaths in the concurrent control subjects (n = 56)-one 13 days and the other 110 days after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of @entity737 under conscious sedation with combined hypnotic agents and deep sedation with @entity4671 is a safe and effective procedure with low perioperative morbidity and low long-term complication rates.

Conscious sedation with combined hypnotic agents for implantation of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity4489 :: ('MESH:D011398', 'Chemical') :: ['promethazine'] @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea'] @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillators', 'ICDs'] @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxia'] @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol'] @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine'] @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate'] @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hypotension'] @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac deaths'] @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']
@entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillators']
