UNASSIGNED: Although fluid resuscitation of @entity1 having @entity1457 is essential, avoiding unnecessary administration of fluids in these @entity1 is also important. Fluid responsiveness (FR) is defined as the ability of the left ventricle to increase its @entity64 volume (SV) in response to fluid administration. The objective of this review is to provide the recent advances in the detection of FR and simplify the physiological basis, advantages, disadvantages, and cut-off values for each method. This review also highlights the present gaps in literature and provides future thoughts in the field of FR. Static methods are generally not recommended for the assessment of FR. Dynamic methods for the assessment of FR depend on heart-lung interactions. Pulse pressure variation ( @entity2286 ) and @entity64 volume variation ( @entity6355 ) are the most famous dynamic measures. Less-invasive dynamic parameters include plethysmographic-derived parameters, variation in blood flow in large arteries, and variation in the diameters of central veins. Dynamic methods for the assessment of FR have many limitations; the most important limitation is spontaneous breathing activity. Fluid challenge techniques were able to overcome most of the limitations of the dynamic methods. Passive leg raising is the most popular fluid challenge method. More simple techniques have been recently introduced such as the mini-fluid challenge and 10-s fluid challenge. The main limitation of fluid challenge techniques is the need to trace the effect of the fluid challenges on SV (or any of its derivatives) using a real-time monitor. More research is needed in the field of FR taking into consideration not only the accuracy of the method but also the ease of implementation, the applicability on a wider range of @entity1 , the time needed to apply each method, and the feasibility of its application by acute care physicians with moderate and low experience.

Fluid responsiveness in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke'] @entity6355 :: ('35246', 'Species') :: ['SVV'] @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['acute circulatory failure'] @entity2286 :: ('12211', 'Species') :: ['PPV']
@entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['acute circulatory failure']
