OBJECTIVE: Treatment of @entity977 is challenging. Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery (EES) was estimated the surgical results and complication for @entity977 . METHODS: Thirty-four @entity977 larger than 40 mm treated by EES between 2002 and 2015 were studied. Removal rates, symptoms, and complications were analyzed by direction of @entity5 extension. RESULTS: Average @entity5 size was 45.5 mm. Near-total resection (NTR) was achieved in 16 of 34 (47.1%) cases. NTR was observed significantly more in anterior extension types and round @entity5 in superior extension type, however, not achieved in multiple extension cases. The average residual amount in 18 partial removal cases was 30.2% of preoperative volume, with no significant difference between groups. Eight cases showed regrowth after partial removal but controlled @entity5 growth and improved symptoms by repeated surgery or stereotactic radiotherapy. Postoperative improvement of @entity227 was achieved in 23 of 25 (92.0%) cases. Postoperative complications included @entity227 in 1, cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 2, and @entity385 due to perforator injury in 2 and one case of multiple extension type had symptomatic @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: EES enabled less invasive and safer removal of various extension types of @entity977 . Preservation of visual function is essential. Two-stage surgery or partial resection with additional treatments is possible to be carried out without complications if a sufficient amount of resection is performed. However, in cases with @entity5 that may be expected the insufficient resection, alternative treatment including combined-simultaneous resection should be considered.

Efficacy and complications of endoscopic skull base surgery for XXXX .

@entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field deficits', 'visual deterioration'] @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intratumoral hemorrhage'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors'] @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'giant pituitary adenomas'] @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']
@entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['giant pituitary adenomas']
