Environmental dissemination of biotechnology agents is becoming a common practice. Most applications use historically innocuous species; however, potential health effects of individual products are not scrutinized unless they contain genetically engineered microorganisms. In order to investigate possible health concerns, four surrogate microbial agents were studied in vivo. Male C3H/HeJ (endotoxin-resistant) @entity19 were administered intranasally (i.n.) with approximately 10(7) @entity11763 aureofaciens, @entity6402 , @entity11763 , or @entity15250 . To determine clearance of the dosed bacterial strains, lungs, small intestine, large intestine, cecum, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), spleen, and liver were homogenized individually, plated, and dilutions inoculated onto selective media. @entity11763 and @entity15250 were eliminated from the lungs by 2 d posttreatment, and P. aureofaciens was not detected in the lungs by 5 d posttreatment. @entity6402 was reisolated from the lungs and cecum for the experimental duration (14 d). Translocation to extraintestinal sites (MLN, spleen, and liver) also occurred. @entity6402 was recovered from the MLN for 10 d after treatment of @entity19 . Pulmonary exposure to several bacterial strains resulted in unexpected mortality. @entity11763 aureofaciens was lethal at the lowest dose (8.26 x 10(6) CFU/ @entity19 ), while @entity11763 and @entity6402 were fatal at higher doses (6.15 x 10(8) CFU/ @entity19 and 1.34 x 10(8) CFU/ @entity19 , respectively). By using the model described in this study, @entity1 safety issues can be more easily addressed and evaluated.

Colonization and clearance of environmental microbial agents upon intranasal exposure of strain C3H/HeJ XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse'] @entity11763 :: ('294', 'Species') :: ['P. fluorescens', 'Pseudomonas', 'Pseudomonas fluorescens'] @entity15250 :: ('303', 'Species') :: ['P. putida'] @entity6402 :: ('292', 'Species') :: ['B. cepacia', 'Burkholderia cepacia']
@entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']
