Object Endoscopic endonasal treatment of petrous apex @entity165 @entity738 allows for a natural drainage pathway into the nasopharynx. Because of the limited number of case series in the literature, there is limited evidence of recurrence rates and outcomes following endoscopic endonasal management. The purpose of this study was to determine the surgical outcomes of endoscopic endonasal approaches in the treatment of @entity165 @entity738 of the petrous apex. Methods A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed for articles published from January 1980 to April 2014 to identify all studies reporting outcomes for endoscopic endonasal surgical management of @entity165 @entity738 of the petrous apex. Operative approach, use of a stent, symptom outcome, @entity256 , @entity45 , reoperation, and complications were extracted from included studies. Results A total of 53 @entity1 cases were included from 22 relevant studies. The mean age was 41 years, and 26 @entity1 (49%) were female. Stents were used in 45.1% of cases. Symptom resolution or improvement was seen in 98.6% of cases at follow-up (mean follow-up 20 months). Complications were reported in 13.2% of cases, with the most common complication being @entity1415 . @entity256 on follow-up office endoscopic examination occurred in 9 of 45 cases (20.0%). Only 4 of these @entity256 cases resulted in symptomatic @entity45 , resulting in an overall recurrence rate of 7.5%. The mean time from surgery to @entity45 was 13.5 months. The rate of symptomatic @entity45 was 10.7% in cases without the use of a stent compared with 4.3% in cases with stent placement (p = 0.6). Conclusions Based on current literature, endoscopic endonasal approaches result in a high rate of symptom improvement or resolution. Complication rates are lower than prior case series that have utilized open approaches. Asymptomatic @entity256 can be managed conservatively, since it is associated with symptomatic @entity45 less than half of the time. This study revealed a nonsignificant trend toward a decrease in symptomatic @entity45 when a stent was used, but further work is needed to clarify its impact.

Surgical outcomes after endoscopic management of @entity165 XXXX of the petrous apex: a systematic review.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas'] @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis'] @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'Restenosis'] @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['cyst recurrence'] @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']
@entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granulomas']
