Dendritic cells (DC) are the initiators of immune responses and are present in most tissues in vivo. To generate myeloid DC from monocytes (MoDC) in vitro the necessary cytokines are @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) and @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ). Using degenerated primers delineated from other species and rapid amplification of cDNA ends reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RACE RT-PCR), the cDNA of @entity1641 (eq.) @entity2841 was cloned and found to have a point deletion at the 3'-end of eq. @entity2841 , resulting in a 24- @entity377 extended open reading frame not described in any species thus far. For differentiating eq.MoDC, monocytes were stimulated with eq. @entity2841 and eq. @entity3646 . The eq.MoDC was analysed by both light and electron microscopy and by flow cytometry and mixed lymphocyte reaction. The eq.MoDC obtained had the typical morphology and function of DC, including the ability to stimulate allogeneic T cells in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. In contrast to the @entity1 system, however, monocytes had to be differentiated for 6-7 days before immature DC were obtained. Our data also indicate that lipopolysaccharide or poly(I:C) alone are not sufficient to confer the full phenotypic transition into mature DC. Thus our study contributes to understanding the heterogeneity of immunity and adds important information on the @entity1641 immune system, which is clearly distinct from those of @entity19 or @entity1 .

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells from @entity1641 differ from dendritic cells of XXXX and @entity19 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'man'] @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['equine'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide'] @entity3646 :: ('3565', 'Gene') :: ['IL-4', 'interleukin-4'] @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']
