UNASSIGNED: Inhaled oligonucleotide is an emerging therapeutic modality for various common @entity1576 , including obstructive @entity1030 like @entity565 and @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and restrictive @entity1030 like @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ). The advantage of direct accessibility for oligonucleotide molecules to the lung target sites, bypassing systemic administration, makes this therapeutic approach promising with minimized potential systemic side effects. @entity565 , @entity1030 , and @entity2416 are common chronic @entity1576 , characterized by persistent airway @entity32 and dysregulated tissue repair and remodeling, although each individual disease has its unique etiology. Corticosteroids have been widely prescribed for the treatment of @entity565 , @entity1030 , and @entity2416 . However, the effectiveness of corticosteroids as an anti-inflammatory drug is limited by @entity479 resistance in severe @entity565 , the majority of @entity1030 cases, and @entity3794 . There is an urgent medical need to develop target-specific drugs for the treatment of these respiratory conditions. Oligonucleotide therapies, including antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and microRNA (miRNA) are now being evaluated both pre-clinically and clinically as potential therapeutics. The mechanisms of action of ASO and siRNA are highly target mRNA specific, ultimately leading to target protein knockdown. miRNA has both biomarker and therapeutic values, and its knockdown by a miRNA antagonist (antagomir) has a broader but potentially more non-specific biological outcome. This review will compile the current findings of oligonucleotide therapeutic targets, verified in various @entity1576 models and in clinical trials, and evaluate different chemical modification approaches to improve the stability and potency of oligonucleotides for the treatment of @entity1576 .

Oligonucleotide Therapy for Obstructive and Restrictive XXXX .

@entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma'] @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis'] @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis'] @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases', 'respiratory disease'] @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'airway diseases', 'COPD'] @entity479 :: ('D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']
@entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['Respiratory Diseases']
