Isolated @entity4 secondary to @entity1228 was first described by McMurrich in 1908, and defined anatomically by May and Thurner in 1957 and clinically by Cockett and Thomas in 1965. The left iliac vein is usually located posterior to the right iliac artery and can be compressed between the artery and the fifth lumbar vertebrae. Symptoms include @entity4 , @entity158 , varicosities, @entity2979 changes, and @entity1150 . Evaluation of these @entity1 historically included a venous duplex scan to rule out @entity1150 and an abdominal computed tomography scan to rule out pelvic mass. This paper describes the use of magnetic resonance imaging and venography in the evaluation of @entity1 with isolated @entity4 . A retrospective analysis of a series of 24 @entity1 who presented with symptomatic @entity4 was performed. Infrainguinal @entity1150 and @entity340 was evaluated by duplex scan. The presence of suprainguinal @entity1150 and pelvic mass was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to define the anatomic characteristics of the @entity1228 . @entity1 identified with the syndrome were treated either conservatively with lower extremity compression and elevation or with angioplasty and stenting. Follow-up of this subset of @entity1 was performed with clinical assessment of the resolution of their symptomatic lower extremity @entity4 as well as quality of life assessments via phone interviews. Twenty-four @entity1 were evaluated for isolated @entity4 . Seven @entity1 had positive results on duplex scans for @entity1150 . Magnetic resonance imaging results demonstrated 1/24 (4%) had a pelvic mass compressing the iliac vein; 2/24 (8%) @entity1 had @entity715 ; 1/24 (4%) @entity1 with a history of @entity1150 demonstrated a long stenotic segment of the left iliac vein unrelated to its association with the right iliac artery; 9/24 @entity1 (37%) had anatomic evidence of @entity1228 ; and 2/24 @entity1 (8%) had isolated @entity4 of unknown etiology. Five @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1228 were treated conservatively with compression stockings and leg elevation. Four @entity1 with @entity1228 underwent iliac vein angioplasty and stenting. Technical success was 100%. On clinical follow-up, the @entity1 with @entity1228 have had improvement/resolution of their symptoms. There have been no complications from either therapy. @entity1228 is a clinical entity of @entity1228 by the right iliac artery, resulting in isolated @entity4 and may be a precipitating factor for iliofemoral @entity1150 . Magnetic resonance imaging is the best modality for diagnosis of this entity as it can rule out the presence of pelvic masses and @entity1150 while simultaneously demonstrating the anatomy characteristic of this syndrome.

Magnetic resonance venography in the diagnosis and management of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['left lower extremity swelling', 'edema', 'left lower extremity edema'] @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis'] @entity1228 :: ('MESH:D062108', 'Disease') :: ['May-Thurner syndrome', 'left iliac vein compression'] @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['venous stasis'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain'] @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['iliac vein thrombosis'] @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular reflux']
@entity1228 :: (MESH:D062108,Disease) :: ['May-Thurner syndrome']
