UNASSIGNED: Wild animals contribute to @entity281 in livestock as well as the introduction, reintroduction and maintenance of pathogens. The source of introduction of @entity66 to a piggery is often unknown and the extent of wildlife contribution to such local spread is largely unexplored. The aim of the current study was to quantitatively assess the probability of @entity12526 being exposed to different pathogens from wild animals commonly found around commercial piggeries in Australia. Specifically, this study aims to quantify the probability of exposure to the pathogens @entity526 , @entity5746 spp. and Campylobacter spp. from European starlings (Sturnus vulgarus); @entity2127 , @entity18375 and @entity5746 spp. from @entity35 ( @entity5698 and @entity35 ); and @entity1782 , Leptospira spp., @entity36322 and @entity18375 from feral @entity1707 ( @entity1707 ). Exposure assessments, using scenario trees and Monte Carlo stochastic simulation modelling, were conducted to identify potential pathways of introduction and calculate the probabilities of these pathways occurring. Input parameters were estimated from a national postal survey of commercial pork producers and from disease detection studies conducted for European starlings, @entity35 and feral @entity1707 in close proximity to commercial piggeries in Australia. Based on the results of the exposure assessments, @entity35 presented the highest probability of exposure of pathogens to @entity12526 at any point in time, and @entity18375 (median 0.13, 5% and 95%, 0.05-0.23) and @entity2127 (median 0.10, 0.05-0.19) were the most likely pathogens to be transmitted. Regarding European starlings, the median probability of exposure of @entity12526 to pathogenic @entity526 at any point in time was estimated to be 0.03 (0.02-0.04). The highest probability of @entity12526 exposure to feral @entity1707 pathogens at any point in time was found to be for @entity1782 (median 0.013, 0.007-0.022) and @entity18375 (median 0.006, 0.003-0.011) for @entity1707 in free-range piggeries. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the presence and number of wild animals around piggeries, their access to piggeries and @entity1707 food and water, and, in the case of feral @entity1707 , their proximity to piggeries, are the most influential parameters on the probability of exposure. Findings from this study support identification of mitigation strategies that could be implemented at on-farm and industry level to minimize the exposure risk from European starlings, @entity35 and feral @entity1707 .

Evaluating the risk of pathogen transmission from wild animals to XXXX in Australia.

@entity1707 :: ('9823', 'Species') :: ['pigs', 'pig', 'Sus scrofa'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['endemic diseases'] @entity12526 :: ('9825', 'Species') :: ['domestic pigs', 'domestic pig'] @entity2127 :: ('159', 'Species') :: ['B. hyodysenteriae', 'Brachyspira hyodysenteriae'] @entity18375 :: ('29546', 'Species') :: ['Lawsonia intracellularis', 'L. intracellularis'] @entity5698 :: ('10117', 'Species') :: ['Rattus rattus'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['endemic infection'] @entity1782 :: ('2099', 'Species') :: ['Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae', 'M. hyopneumoniae'] @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella'] @entity36322 :: ('29461', 'Species') :: ['Brucella suis'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Rattus norvegicus', 'rats'] @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']
@entity12526 :: (9825,Species) :: ['domestic pigs']
