UNASSIGNED: Introduction: Advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is traditionally treated with @entity902 -based chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Since immunotherapy holds promise for treating advanced @entity1149 , we assessed the systemic effects of the traditional therapies for @entity1149 on immune cell composition and function. Methods: 84 @entity420 @entity1 , treated either with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, were studied. A prospective study of 23 @entity1 was conducted in which the myeloid and lymphoid cell compartments of peripheral blood were analyzed. Changes in cell populations were validated in a retrospective cohort of 61 @entity420 @entity1 using automated differential counts collected throughout therapy. Furthermore, the functional capacity of circulating T cells and @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) was studied. Blood samples of healthy individuals were used as controls. Results: In comparison to healthy controls, untreated @entity420 @entity1 display an elevated frequency of myeloid cells coinciding with relative lower frequencies of lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Standard chemotherapy had no overt effects on myeloid and lymphoid cell composition nor on T-cell and @entity1358 -function. In contrast, @entity1 treated with radiotherapy displayed a decrease in lymphoid cells and a relative increase in monocytes/macrophages. Importantly, these changes were associated with a reduced @entity1358 function and an impaired response of T cells to recall antigens. Conclusions: @entity902 -based standard of care chemotherapy for @entity1149 has no profound negative effect on the immune cell composition and function. The negative effect of prolonged low-dose radiotherapy on the immune system warrants future studies on the optimal dose and fraction of radiotherapy when combined with immunotherapy.

Standard radiotherapy but not chemotherapy impairs systemic immunity in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer'] @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma'] @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'antigen-presenting cells'] @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']
@entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']
