The functional properties of spontaneous, glutamatergic EPSCs and non- @entity143 receptors in AII amacrine cells were studied in whole cells and patches from slices of the @entity35 retina using single and dual electrode voltage clamp recording. Pharmacological analysis verified that the EPSCs (Erev approximately 0 mV) were mediated exclusively by @entity140 -type receptors. EPSCs displayed a wide range of waveforms, ranging from simple monophasic events to more complex multiphasic events. Amplitude distributions of EPSCs were moderately skewed towards larger amplitudes (modal peak 23 pA). Interevent interval histograms were best fitted with a double exponential function. Monophasic, monotonically rising EPSCs displayed very fast kinetics with an average 10-90 % rise time of approximately 340 micro s and a decay phase well fitted by a single exponential (taudecay approximately 760 micro s). The specific @entity140 receptor modulator @entity10640 markedly slowed the decay phase of spontaneous EPSCs (taudecay approximately 3 ms). An increase in temperature decreased both 10-90 % rise time and taudecay with Q10 values of 1.3 and 1.5, respectively. The decay kinetics were slower at positive membrane potentials compared to negative membrane potentials (205 mV/e-fold change in taudecay). Step depolarization of individual presynaptic rod bipolar cells or OFF-cone bipolar cells evoked transient, CNQX-sensitive responses in AII amacrine cells with average peak amplitudes of approximately 330 pA. Ultrafast application of brief (approximately 1 ms) or long (approximately 500 ms) pulses of @entity2227 to outside-out patches evoked strongly desensitizing responses with very fast deactivation and desensitization kinetics, well fitted by single (taudecay approximately 1.1 ms) and double exponential (tau1 approximately 3.5 ms; tau2 approximately 21 ms) functions, respectively. Double-pulse experiments indicated fast recovery from desensitization (tau approximately 12.4 ms). Our results indicate that spontaneous, @entity140 receptor-mediated EPSCs in AII amacrine cells have very fast, voltage-dependent kinetics that can be well accounted for by the kinetic properties of the @entity140 receptors themselves

Functional properties of spontaneous EPSCs and non- @entity143 receptors in rod amacrine (AII) cells in the XXXX retina.

@entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate'] @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['AMPA'] @entity143 :: ('CHEBI:6121', 'Chemical') :: ['NMDA'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat'] @entity10640 :: ('MESH:C004639', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclothiazide']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']
