BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ), @entity209 are associated with @entity729 and mortality. @entity409 , by affecting flow resistance and tissue perfusion, may explain the cardiovascular sequelae of @entity740 . We investigated whether advanced @entity740 is associated with a decrease in the functional and structural number of capillaries in skin and subsequently whether capillary rarefaction is related to mineral metabolism. METHODS: Capillary density was measured by nailfold microscopy in 19 predialysis and 35 @entity740 Stage 5 (CKD5) @entity1 and 19 controls. In @entity740 @entity1 , @entity460 , @entity3151 , parathyroid hormone, @entity14951 (25vitD3) and @entity3873 (1,25vitD3) were analysed as well. RESULTS: Capillary density at baseline was 42    15/mm(2) in predialysis @entity1 , 45    17/mm(2) in CKD5 @entity1 and 56    20/mm(2) in controls ( @entity1 versus controls, respectively, P < 0.05 and P = 0.05). Absolute capillary recruitment during post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia was 17    7/mm(2), 14    6/mm(2) and 23    8/mm(2), respectively (P < 0.05 for both @entity1 and controls). Capillary density during @entity432 was 59    20/mm(2), 59    21/mm(2) and 77    21/mm(2), respectively (P < 0.05 for both @entity1 and controls). In multiple regression analysis, both serum @entity3151 and @entity3157 values were independently and inversely associated with capillary density at baseline (r(2) of model = 19%) as well as during @entity432 (r(2) of model = 28%). Furthermore, both serum @entity3151 and @entity3157 were inversely and female gender positively correlated with capillary density during recruitment (r(2) of model = 37%). CONCLUSION: Advanced @entity740 is characterized by an impaired functional and structural capillary density in skin, which is related to both high @entity3151 and @entity3157 values.

Capillary rarefaction in advanced @entity740 is associated with high @entity3151 and XXXX levels.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of mineral metabolism'] @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3'] @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Microvascular dysfunction'] @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate'] @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'CKD-associated disorders of mineral metabolism', 'chronic kidney disease'] @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion'] @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium'] @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcifications'] @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus'] @entity14951 :: ('MESH:D002112', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitaminD3']
@entity3157 :: (CHEBI:17544,Chemical) :: ['bicarbonate']
