AIM: @entity731 is considered a @entity262 . Therefore, in @entity1 with @entity731 effects on various sections of the arterial system are expected. The aim of our study was to determine whether @entity1 with evident peripheral @entity432 (PAOD) of the lower limbs have any subclinical functional or structural arterial wall changes in other sections of the arterial system. METHODS: The study included 54 @entity1 with PAOD, Fontaine stage II and a claudication distance from 50 to 500 m (average 250+/-170 m). Their mean age was 64. None of them had any symptoms or signs of @entity453 (CVD). The control group consisted of 50 healthy volunteers with a mean age of 64 years without any risk factors of @entity731 . In all subjects the carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ), was measured, the presence of @entity2998 (CA) was registered and the endothelium-dependent dilation capability of the brachial artery (BA) during reactive @entity450 was measured using the B-mode ultrasound technique. RESULTS: The average @entity121 was significantly greater in PAOD @entity1 than in controls (0.8+/-0.2 mm vs 0.6+/-0.1 mm, p<0.001). In @entity1 @entity731 in the CA were also more numerous than in controls (38 vs 4, p<0.001). The @entity121 of @entity1 was related to body mass index (BMI), ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI), LDL @entity165 and to the number of @entity731 . In PAOD @entity1 flow-mediated dilation of the BA was significantly lower than in controls (7.2+/-4.9% vs 12.3+/-2.1%, p<0.001). The dilation capability of the BA was linearly related to the BMI, ABI and @entity121 . CONCLUSION: The results of our study show that PAOD @entity1 without clinical evidence of CVD have morphological changes of the CA, @entity731 . Furthermore, in PAOD @entity1 flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation of the peripheral arteries is decreased. These results support the hypothesis that @entity731 is a generalized disease, leading to functional and structural changes in several segments of the arterial system.

Interrelationship between peripheral @entity432 , XXXX and flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease'] @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid artery'] @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia'] @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary or cerebrovascular atherosclerosis'] @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusive disease'] @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['increased IMT and numerous atherosclerotic plaques', 'atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease', 'atherosclerotic plaques'] @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness'] @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']
@entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']
