BACKGROUND: Early life exposures may modify risk of @entity29 ( @entity8787 ; @entity30 ( @entity30 ), @entity31 ( @entity31 )). However, the relationship between early life exposures and natural history of @entity8787 has not been previously examined. METHODS: This single center study included @entity1 with @entity30 or @entity31 recruited in a prospective @entity8787 registry. Enrolled @entity1 completed a detailed environmental questionnaire that assessed various early life environmental exposures. Our primary outcome was requirement for disease-related surgery in @entity30 and @entity31 . @entity2357 models defined independent effect of early life exposures, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Our study included 333 @entity30 and 270 @entity31 @entity1 . Just over half were female with a median age at diagnosis of 25  years. One-third of the cohort had history of bowel surgery (31%) and nearly half had used at least one biologic agent (47%). Among those with @entity30 , being breastfed was associated with reduced risk of @entity30 -related surgery (34% vs. 55%), while childhood cigarette smoke exposure was associated with increased risk. On multivariate analysis, history of being breastfed (odds ratio (OR) 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09-0.46) and cigarette smoke exposure as a @entity1 (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.10-4.29) remained independently associated with surgery. None of the early life variables influenced disease phenotype or outcome in @entity31 . CONCLUSION: A history of being breastfed was associated with a decreased risk while childhood cigarette smoke exposure was associated with an increased risk of surgery in @entity1 with @entity30 . Further investigation to examine biological mechanisms is warranted.

Early life environment and natural history of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child'] @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC'] @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases'] @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression'] @entity8787 :: ('MESH:C535541', 'Disease') :: ['IBD'] @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]
@entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']
