1. Tumour @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity1505 ) is a cytokine that is implicated in the pathogenesis of ischaemic states and @entity731 . We tested the hypothesis that the vasoprotective effects of the @entity2931 may be mediated in vivo by inhibition of the formation of @entity1505 . 2. Anaesthetized @entity35 , subjected to total occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery and the coeliac trunk for 45 min developed a severe @entity1457 state resulting in a fatal outcome within 75-90 min after the release of occlusion. Sham-operated animals were used as controls. 3. @entity432 ( @entity432 ) shocked @entity35 had a marked @entity551 , enhanced levels of @entity1505 in serum and macrophages, @entity1431 and increased ileal leukocyte accumulation, studied by means of @entity1589 activity ( @entity1589 ). Furthermore, aortae from @entity432 @entity35 showed a marked hyporeactivity to @entity2647 (PE, 1 nM-10 microM), reduced responsiveness to @entity934 ( @entity1617 , 10 nM-10 microM) and an increased staining for @entity1590 ( @entity1590 ). 4. In vivo administration of 17 beta @entity53 (500 micrograms kg-1, i.m., three hours before the induction of @entity432 ) increased survival rate (100%, 4 h after @entity432 ), enhanced mean arterial blood pressure; reduced serum @entity1505 (25 +/- 5 u ml-1 vs 379 +/- 16 u ml-1), ameliorated leukopaenia and reduced ileal @entity1589 (0.7 +/- 0.02 u 10(-3) g-1 tissue vs 4.2 +/- 0.4 u 10(-3) g-1 tissue). Furthermore aortae from @entity432 @entity35 treated with 17 beta @entity53 exhibited a greater contractile response to @entity2647 , improved responsiveness to @entity1617 and a blunted staining of @entity1590 . Finally 17 beta @entity53 , added in vitro to peritoneal macrophages collected from untreated @entity432 @entity35 , significantly reduced @entity1505 production. 5. Our results suggest that inhibition of @entity1505 in vivo may explain, at least in part, the vasoprotective effects of @entity2931 .

The involvement of tumour @entity39 factor-alpha in the protective effects of 17 beta XXXX in splanchnic ischaemia-reperfusion injury.

@entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogens'] @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis'] @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['shock'] @entity1505 :: ('24835(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TNF-alpha'] @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol'] @entity1617 :: ('CHEBI:22614', 'Chemical') :: ['ACh'] @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine'] @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['SAO', 'Splanchnic artery occlusion'] @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats'] @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis'] @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension'] @entity1589 :: ('303413(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'myeloperoxidase'] @entity1590 :: ('25464(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1'] @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']
@entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['oestradiol']
