Streptococcus constellatus, @entity2868 , and S. anginosus, the 3 species of the S. milleri group, form part of the normal flora commonly found in the mouth, throat, and @entity344 . This group has become known as an important pathogen in @entity281 and abscesses, but data on the anatomical distribution of these species is lacking in relation to clinical significance. We obtained 275 strains of the S. milleri group from different departments at our hospital over the last 3 years, including 54 strains from dental surgery, 47 from internal medicine, 44 from otolaryngology (head and neck), 43 from surgery, 32 from gynecology, 17 from urology, 16 from dermatology, 11 from brain surgery, 6 from pediatrics, 3 from orthopedics, and 2 from opthalmology. The 44 strains from head and neck were found in 42 @entity1 ,--23 with @entity281 and 19 with secondary @entity281 induced by @entity5 treatments. The @entity281 group included 4 deep neck abscesses, 1 @entity17107 , 5 @entity5389 , 4 paranasal @entity1244 , 3 @entity281 , 2 @entity5578 , 1 supprative @entity8174 , and 1 postoperative wound @entity281 . The secondary @entity281 group included 7 postoperative wound @entity281 , 3 postoperative @entity358 , 3 @entity7552 and @entity7551 , 3 terminal @entity55 , and 3 @entity281 of the local recurrence site. The S. milleri group was the only isolated organism in 13 cases (56.5%) of @entity281 and in 5 (26.3%) of secondary @entity281 . Among other organisms from the @entity281 group, no so-called major pathogens were found. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of the S. milleri group showed that 50% were resistant to CCL and 33% to CTM. ABPC, CPDX, and CFDN were also found to be less sensitive, although no resistant strains were detected. To adequately culture the S. milleri group, incubation in air containing @entity544 or in an anaerobic atmosphere is required, and differentiation of the 3 requires biochemical reactivity tests. Since not all facilities use identical techniques in routine bacteriological examination, a considerable number of the S. milleri group could be missed in unknown species of alpha-,beta-, and gamma-streptococci and culture-negative cases. With antibiotics now being used widely, normal flora such as the S. milleri group may have become an important pathogen in @entity135 due to an imbalance between organisms and host defense.

[Clinical relevance of the Streptococcus milleri group in XXXX ].

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis'] @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['S. intermedius'] @entity7552 :: ('MESH:D007827', 'Disease') :: ['laryngitis'] @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['parotitis'] @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck infections'] @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonias'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer'] @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis'] @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and genital tracts'] @entity5389 :: ('MESH:D014069', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillitis'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'congenital aural fistula infections', 'primary infection'] @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections'] @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide'] @entity5578 :: ('MESH:D010254', 'Disease') :: ['dental infections, 2 paranasal sinus cysts'] @entity17107 :: ('MESH:D000039', 'Disease') :: ['peritonsillar abscess']
@entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck infections']
