@entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) sleep is normally preceded by non- @entity11755 ; however, every non- @entity11755 episode is not followed by @entity11755 . It has been proposed that, for the regulation of @entity11755 , the brain areas modulating waking and non- @entity11755 are likely to communicate with neurons promoting @entity11755 . The former has been reported earlier, and in this study the latter has been investigated. Under surgical anaesthesia, @entity468 were prepared for electrophysiological recording of sleep-wakefulness and electrical stimulation of caudal brainstem as well as @entity1640 . Insulated microwires of 25-32 microm were used to record 52 single neuronal activities from the brainstem along with bipolar electroencephalogram, electromyogram, electrooculogram, and pontogeniculooccipital waves in freely moving, normally behaving @entity468 . The neurons were classified into five groups based on changes in firing rates associated with different sleep-waking states compared with quiet wakefulness. Thereafter, the responses of these neurons to 1-Hz stimulation of the two non- @entity11755 -promoting areas were studied. At the end of experiment, the stimulating and recording sites were histologically identified. It was observed that, among the affected neurons, the caudal brainstem non- @entity11755 -promoting area excited more @entity1319 -on neurons, whereas the @entity2339 hypnogenic area inhibited more awake-active neurons. Thus, the results suggest that, at the single neuronal level, the caudal brainstem non- @entity11755 -modulating area, rather than the preopticoanterior @entity1640 hypnogenic area in the brain, plays a modulatory role in triggering @entity11755 initiation at a certain depth of sleep.

Influence of hypnogenic brain areas on wakefulness- and rapid-eye-movement sleep-related neurons in the brainstem of freely moving XXXX .

@entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic', 'preopticoanterior hypothalamic hypnogenic areas'] @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['preopticoanterior hypothalamus'] @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['REM sleep'] @entity468 :: ('9685', 'Species') :: ['cats'] @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['REM', 'Rapid-eye-movement']
@entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']
