UNASSIGNED: Remote @entity63 perconditioning (RIPerC) and remote @entity63 postconditioning (RIPostC) have been previously demonstrated to protect the myocardium against @entity63 /reperfusion (IR) injury. However, their combined effects remain to be fully elucidated. In order to investigate this, the present study used an in  vivo @entity35 model to assess whether synergistic effects are produced when RIPerC is combined with RIPostC. The @entity35 were randomly assigned to the following groups: Sham, IR, RIPerC, RIPostC and RIPerC  +  RIPostC groups. The IR model was established by performing 40  min of @entity1563 , followed by 2  h of reperfusion. RIPerC and RIPostC were induced via four cycles of 5  min occlusion and 5  min reperfusion of the hindlimbs, either during or subsequent to @entity741 . On measurement of @entity1188 sizes, compared with the IR group (49.45  6.59%), the @entity1188 sizes were significantly reduced in the RIPerC (34.36  5.87%) and RIPostC (36.04  6.16%) groups (P<0.05). However, no further reduction in @entity1188 size was observed in the RIPerC  +  RIPostC group (31.43  5.43%; P>0.05), compared with the groups treated with either RIPerC or RIPostC alone. Activation of the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) Akt, extracellular signal  -regulated kinase  1/2 and glycogen synthase kinase  -3b, and survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) signal transducer and activator of transcription  -3 pathways were enhanced in the RIPerC, RIPostC and the RIPerC  +  RIPostC groups, compared with the IR group, with no difference among the three groups. Therefore, whereas RIPerC and RIPostC were equally effective in providing protection against @entity741 , the combination of RIPerC and RIPostC failed to provide further protection than treatment with either alone. The cardioprotective effects were found to be associated with increased activation of the RISK and SAFE pathways.

Combination of remote @entity63 perconditioning  and remote @entity63 postconditioning fails to increase protection against XXXX /reperfusion injury, compared with either alone.

@entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic'] @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['left coronary artery occlusion'] @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct'] @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial IR injury', 'myocardial ischemia'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'rats']
@entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']
