@entity851 is a common observation in @entity1 with @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ). The liver is an important endocrine organ producing potent anabolic growth factors such as @entity442 ( @entity442 ) and its major binding-proteins, called @entity12068 . Circulating @entity442 and @entity2301 levels are low in @entity1 with @entity1578 despite increased GH secretion. This discrepancy suggests that GH resistance is present in @entity1578 and is mainly due to the associated @entity3147 . The advent of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has dramatically improved the life expectancy of @entity1 with @entity3851 . Nevertheless, the growth of 15-20% of the @entity1 in recent studies remains poor after successful transplantation. Several factors such as age and height deficit at the time of OLT, etiology of the @entity409 and graft function as well as the dose and mode of administration of glucocorticoids have been implicated in the lack of complete catch-up growth following surgery. Few studies have explored the possibility that anomalies in the GH- @entity442 cascade could explain @entity851 . However, it is unlikely that major anomalies of the GH- @entity442 axis contribute to impaired growth. Treatment with GH alone or in combination with @entity442 before or after OLT may improve the growth of @entity1 . Randomized multi-center studies are needed to address this issue.

Growth factors in @entity1 with XXXX before and after liver transplantation: a review.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children'] @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Growth failure', 'growth retardation'] @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-3'] @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-I', 'IGF-I'] @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease'] @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver failure'] @entity12068 :: ('3484;3485;3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-1, -2 and -3'] @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease', 'ESLD'] @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']
@entity3851 :: (MESH:D058625,Disease) :: ['end-stage liver disease']
