UNASSIGNED: The gut microbiota has been implicated in @entity28 and its progression towards @entity209 . Dietary interventions that target the gut microbiota have been suggested to improve metabolic health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of interventions with @entity6983 F19 or flaxseed mucilage on the gut microbiota and metabolic risk markers in @entity28 . A total of fifty-eight @entity28 postmenopausal @entity1 were randomised to a single-blinded, parallel-group intervention of 6-week duration, with a daily intake of either @entity6983 F19 (9  4  *  1010 colony-forming units), flaxseed mucilage (10  g) or placebo. Quantitative metagenomic analysis of faecal DNA was performed to identify the changes in the gut microbiota. Diet-induced changes in metabolic markers were explored using adjusted linear regression models. The intake of flaxseed mucilage over 6 weeks led to a reduction in serum C-peptide and insulin release during an oral @entity413 tolerance test (P<  0  05) and improved insulin sensitivity measured by Matsuda index (P<  0  05). Comparison of gut microbiota composition at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention with flaxseed mucilage showed alterations in abundance of thirty-three metagenomic species (P<  0  01), including decreased relative abundance of eight Faecalibacterium species. These changes in the microbiota could not explain the effect of flaxseed mucilage on insulin sensitivity. The intake of @entity6983 F19 did not modulate metabolic markers compared with placebo. In conclusion, flaxseed mucilage improves insulin sensitivity and alters the gut microbiota; however, the improvement in insulin sensitivity was not mediated by the observed changes in relative abundance of bacterial species.

Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota - a randomised controlled trial in XXXX postmenopausal @entity1 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women'] @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity'] @entity6983 :: ('1597', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus paracasei', 'L. paracasei'] @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']
@entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']
