Importance: Therapy-related @entity5 are a potentially life-threatening consequence of treatment for @entity792 ( @entity792 ) and an emerging clinical phenomenon. Objective: To query the association of cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating agents to treat @entity1 with @entity792 with the risk for developing @entity5 . Design, Setting, and @entity1 : This retrospective case-control study and medical record review included 40   011 @entity1 with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, coded diagnosis of primary @entity792 who were seen at 2 centers from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2014; of these, 311 @entity1 had a concomitant coded diagnosis of @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) or @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). Eighty-six cases met strict inclusion criteria. A case-control match was performed at a 2:1 ratio. Main Outcomes and Measures: Odds ratio (OR) assessment for @entity792 -directed therapies. Results: Among the 86 @entity1 who met inclusion criteria (49 @entity1 [57%]; 37 @entity1 [43%]; mean [SD] age, 72.3 [15.6] years), 55 (64.0%) had @entity2590 , 21 (24.4%) had de novo @entity3052 , and 10 (11.6%) had @entity3052 and a history of @entity2590 . @entity309 (23 [26.7%]), @entity1569 (18 [20.9%]), and @entity1252 (12 [14.0%]) were the most common autoimmune profiles. Median time from onset of @entity792 to diagnosis of @entity5 was 8 (interquartile range, 4-15) years. A total of 57 of 86 cases (66.3%) received a cytotoxic or an immunomodulating agent. In the comparison group of 172 controls (98 @entity1 [57.0%]; 74 @entity1 [43.0%]; mean [SD] age, 72.7 [13.8] years), 105 (61.0%) received either agent (P   =   .50). Azathioprine @entity1372 use was observed more frequently in cases (odds ratio [OR], 7.05; 95% CI, 2.35- 21.13; P   <   .001). Notable but insignificant case cohort use among cytotoxic agents was found for exposure to @entity786 (OR, 3.58; 95% CI, 0.91-14.11) followed by @entity2664 (OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 0.23-33.0). @entity1499 (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.29-1.22), @entity4446 (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.15-2.53), and @entity618 (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.21-2.03) had favorable ORs that were not statistically significant. No significant association between a specific length of time of exposure to an agent and the drug's category was observed. Conclusions and Relevance: In a large population with primary @entity792 , @entity500 exposure was associated with a 7-fold risk for @entity5 . The control and case cohorts had similar systemic exposures by agent category. No association was found for anti- @entity5 necrosis factor agents. Finally, no timeline was found for the association of drug exposure with the incidence in development of @entity5 .

Association of Therapy for @entity792 With XXXX and @entity3052 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'men', 'women', 'patients'] @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis'] @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid neoplasms', 'tumor', 'myeloid neoplasm'] @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone hydrochloride'] @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS'] @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus'] @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium'] @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML'] @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide'] @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['mercaptopurine'] @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil hydrochloride'] @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate sodium'] @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'AID'] @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis']
@entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['Myelodysplastic Syndromes']
