CD176 (Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen) is a @entity5 -associated @entity1735 structure. In a previous study, we observed that the anti-CD176 antibody can induce the apoptosis of CD176-positive @entity1778 cells. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of apoptosis induced by the CD176 antibody. We found that @entity1197 (FAS, @entity1197 ) and the @entity3048 ( @entity3048 ) ( @entity3048 ) are co-expressed with CD176 on the surface of defined @entity1778 cells as observed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analyses. Further-more, @entity1197 , @entity1195 , @entity12910 and @entity3048 are carrier proteins of CD176 in hematopoietic cells recognized by means of sandwich solid-phase enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and co-immunoprecipitation. As shown by microarray analysis, 20 genes which are directly related to the execution, induction or positive regulation of apoptosis, were up-regulated after CD176 antibody treatment of the KG1 cell line. Nine differentially expressed genes observed in the microarray analysis were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in the KG1 and MT4 cell lines. Six genes ( @entity10206 , @entity522 , @entity18159 , @entity21191 , @entity4284 and @entity15975 ) out of these nine are involved in five apoptotic pathways: The @entity1197 signaling pathway, the @entity4106 and @entity3048 /5 death receptor pathway, caspase cascade in apoptosis, the mitochondrial signaling pathway, and apoptotic DNA fragmentation and tissue homeo- @entity3179 . Thus, we hypothesized that the CD176 antibody binds to the CD176 @entity1735 structure present on apoptosis-associated glycoproteins, such as @entity1197 and @entity3048 at the cellular surface, which activates apoptotic pathways, and consequently results in the apoptosis of CD176-positive cells. CD176 is expressed at the surface of @entity1 @entity1778 cells, but is almost absent in normal and benign adult @entity1 tissues. Thus, CD176 could be a promising target for anti- @entity5 therapy based on the induction of @entity5 -specific apoptosis.

Mechanisms of the apoptosis induced by CD176 antibody in XXXX @entity1778 cells.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity522 :: ('836', 'Gene') :: ['CASP3'] @entity21191 :: ('8767', 'Gene') :: ['RIPK2'] @entity4106 :: ('8718', 'Gene') :: ['DR3'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity1197 :: ('355', 'Gene') :: ['APO-1', 'CD95'] @entity4284 :: ('4792', 'Gene') :: ['NFKBIA'] @entity3048 :: ('8797', 'Gene') :: ['death receptor 4', 'DR4', 'TRAIL-R1'] @entity1195 :: ('5788', 'Gene') :: ['CD45'] @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate'] @entity15975 :: ('1676', 'Gene') :: ['DFFA'] @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['stasis'] @entity12910 :: ('6693', 'Gene') :: ['CD43'] @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic'] @entity18159 :: ('1147', 'Gene') :: ['CHUK'] @entity10206 :: ('1616', 'Gene') :: ['DAXX']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']
