Transplant glomerulitis is associated with suboptimal graft function. To understand its pathogenesis and to assess the parameters of potential prognostic value, we immunostained 25 @entity982 -embedded allograft biopsies showing glomerulitis for markers of complement activation (C4d), @entity137 ( @entity10807 ), apoptosis ( @entity1836 , @entity588 , and @entity12 ), and @entity130 ( @entity2880 factor). Staining was semiquantitatively assessed in different anatomical compartments, and comparison was made with 40 control allograft biopsies without glomerulitis. Biopsies with glomerulitis had more frequent incidence of "mixed" T-cell and antibody-mediated rejection compared with controls [8/25 (32%) versus 4/40 (10%), P = .046]. Furthermore, they had higher glomerular capillary-C4d scores (1.9    1.1 versus 1.2    1.2, P = .015), which tended to persist when biopsies showing @entity8 were excluded. Higher glomerular capillary-C4d scores were observed in samples with versus without donor-specific antibody (2.5    0.9 versus 1.2    1.2, P = .01). Compared with controls, biopsies with glomerulitis had more intraglomerular (4.8    4.5 versus 0.9   0.8 cells/glomerulus, P < .001) and interstitial mainly peritubular capillary (6.1    4.1 versus 3.2    3.4 cells/hpf, P = .002) @entity10807 (+) leukocytes. Higher @entity2880 factor scores were noted in the glomerulitis group (1.8    1.0 versus 0.8    0.8, P = .003) and correlated with the percentage of inflamed glomeruli (r = 0.54, P < .001). @entity2880 factor was associated with a higher peritubular capillaritis score ( @entity2880 factor: 1.6    1.2 versus no @entity2880 factor: 0.6    0.9, P = .02). Glomerular capillary- @entity1836 was not associated with accommodation. Finally, no difference in @entity588 or @entity12 was observed upon comparing glomerulitis to controls. In conclusion, @entity8 in @entity8 appears to be mediated by complement activation and cellular @entity137 . Mesangial- or @entity2880 factor identified cases with more severe microcirculation injury.

Immunohistochemical markers of tissue injury in biopsies with XXXX .

@entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['transplant glomerulitis', 'transplant glomerulopathy', 'glomerular injury'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity'] @entity588 :: ('596', 'Gene') :: ['Bcl-2'] @entity10807 :: ('3002', 'Gene') :: ['Granzyme-B'] @entity1836 :: ('598', 'Gene') :: ['Bcl-XL'] @entity12 :: ('356', 'Gene') :: ['Fas-L'] @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin'] @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial-von Willebrand', 'mesangial-von Willebrand', 'interstitial-von Willebrand', 'von Willebrand'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial injury']
@entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['transplant glomerulitis']
