Recent clinical practice guidelines on @entity1374 and pregnancy have changed health care provided to pregnant @entity1 , although their recommendations are under constant revision. Trimester- and area-specific reference ranges for serum thyroid-stimulating hormone are required for proper diagnosis of @entity1375 and @entity1378 . There is no doubt on the need of therapy for @entity1375 , while therapy for @entity1375 is controversial. Further research is needed to settle adverse effects of @entity3491 and @entity1669 . Differentiation between @entity1378 due to @entity2743 and the usually self-limited gestational transient @entity2743 is critical. It is also important to recognize risk factors for postpartum @entity1374 . Supplementation with @entity1496 is recommended to maintain adequate @entity1496 nutrition during pregnancy and avoid serious consequences in offspring. Controversy remains about universal screening for @entity1374 during pregnancy or case-finding in high-risk @entity1 . Opinions of some scientific societies and recent cost-benefit studies favour universal screening. Randomized controlled studies currently under development should reduce the uncertainties that still remain in this area.

[ XXXX during pregnancy.]

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women'] @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism', 'overt hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism'] @entity1496 :: ('MESH:D007455', 'Chemical') :: ['iodine'] @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'thyrotoxicosis'] @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid autoimmunity'] @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['isolated hypothyroxinemia'] @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism'] @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction', 'thyroiditis', 'thyroid disease']
@entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['Thyroid dysfunction']
