BACKGROUND: Poor nutrition occurs frequently in @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) and is associated with other adverse outcomes. Oral calorie supplements are used to increase total daily calorie intake and improve @entity1017 . However, they are expensive and there are concerns they may reduce the amount of food eaten and not improve overall energy intake. OBJECTIVES: To establish whether in @entity1 with @entity1577 , oral calorie supplements: increase daily calorie intake; and improve overall nutritional intake, nutritional indices, lung function, survival and quality of life. To assess adverse effects associated with using these supplements. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane @entity1577 Trials Register comprising references from comprehensive electronic database searches, handsearches of relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings. We contacted companies marketing oral calorie supplements.Last search: 03 July 2014. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing use of oral calorie supplements for at least one month to increase calorie intake with no specific intervention or additional nutritional advice in @entity1 with @entity1577 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We independently selected the included trials, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. We contacted the authors of included trials and obtained additional information for two trials. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 21 trials and included three, reporting results from 131 @entity1 lasting between three months and one year. Two trials compared supplements to additional nutritional advice and one to no intervention. Two of the included trials recruited only @entity1 . In one trial the risk of bias was low across all domains, in a second trial the risk of bias was largely unclear and in the third mainly low. Blinding of @entity1 was unclear in two of the trials. Also, in one trial the clinical condition of groups appeared to be unevenly balanced at baseline and in another trial there were concerns surrounding allocation concealment. There were no significant differences between @entity1 receiving supplements or dietary advice alone for change in weight, height, body mass index, z score or other indices of nutrition or growth. Changes in weight (kg) at three, six and twelve months respectively were: @entity601 0.32 (95% CI -0.09 to 0.72); @entity601 0.47 (95% CI -0.07 to 1.02 ); and @entity601 0.16 (-0.68 to 1.00). Total calorie intake was greater in @entity1 taking supplements at 12 months, @entity601 265.70 (95% CI 42.94 to 488.46). There were no significant differences between the groups for anthropometric measures of body composition, lung function, gastrointestinal adverse effects or activity levels. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Oral calorie supplements do not confer any additional benefit in the nutritional management of moderately malnourished @entity1 with @entity1577 over and above the use of dietary advice and monitoring alone. While nutritional supplements may be used, they should not be regarded as essential. Further randomised controlled trials are needed to establish the role of short-term oral protein energy supplements in @entity1 with @entity1577 and acute @entity353 and also for the long-term nutritional management of adults with @entity1577 or @entity358 , or both.

Oral calorie supplements for XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'people'] @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss'] @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain'] @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['MD'] @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['advanced lung disease'] @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']
@entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']
