BACKGROUND: @entity8923 ( @entity8923 ) is a pleiotropic cytokine that induces the production of @entity379 and also to regulate Th2 cytokines. Recently, association studies between @entity8923 gene promoter polymorphisms and several @entity1198 - or Th2-mediated inflammatory diseases were reported. In @entity29 ( @entity29 ), including @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity30 ( @entity30 ), recent evidence suggests that @entity8923 is involved in the pathogenesis. METHODS: Using DNA direct sequencing, we investigated @entity8923 gene promoter polymorphisms at @entity43376 and @entity43377 . Allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies were determined in 210 Japanese @entity1 with @entity31 , 205 @entity1 with @entity30 , and 212 controls. RESULTS: In @entity31 , the -137C allele frequency was significantly higher in the proctitis-type @entity1 than in controls (Pc = 0.0068). The -137 genotype frequency was also significantly different in the proctitis-type @entity1 than in controls (Pc = 0.032). No other allele and genotype frequencies were significantly associated with @entity31 after Bonferroni correction. Furthermore, the frequency of haplotype 2 (-607A, -137C), which had a lower promoter activity and @entity379 mRNA level than the other haplotypes as previously reported, was significantly higher in the proctitis-type @entity1 than in controls (Pc = 0.01). In @entity30 , we could not find any significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8923 gene promoter polymorphisms may not be associated with disease susceptibility but related to the extent of disease in @entity31 .

Association between XXXX gene promoter polymorphisms and @entity29 in a Japanese population.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity43376 :: ('c|SUB|C|-607|A', 'DNAMutation') :: ['-607C/A'] @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC'] @entity1198 :: ('51497', 'Gene') :: ['Th1'] @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases', 'IBD'] @entity43377 :: ('c|SUB|G|-137|C', 'DNAMutation') :: ['-137G/C'] @entity8923 :: ('3606', 'Gene') :: ['IL-18', 'Interleukin-18'] @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon (IFN)-gamma'] @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]
@entity8923 :: (3606,Gene) :: ['IL-18']
