BACKGROUND: Self-management is a primary goal of treatment for @entity712 . Yet no measure of self-management in this @entity1 group currently exists. OBJECTIVES: To develop a clinically useful measure of the abilities of @entity1 with @entity712 to manage their disease. Self-management in this context was defined as a cognitive decision-making process undertaken in response to signs and symptoms of @entity712 . A panel of experts agreed that the process involved 4 distinct stages: recognizing a change, evaluating the change, implementing a treatment strategy, and evaluating the treatment. The tool was developed to reflect this process. METHODS: Face validity of the process model was assessed in a sample of 25 @entity1 with @entity712 and used to develop a 65-item tool with 6 subscales. The subscales measure the 4 stages as well as the @entity1 ' ease in evaluating the signs and symptoms and their self-efficacy. The tool was pilot tested with 2 samples of @entity1 with @entity712 (N = 17; N = 129). Psychometrics of the final tool were then tested in a sample of 127 @entity1 with @entity712 . RESULTS: Face and content validity of the tool were demonstrated adequately through this study. Internal consistency scores of the 6 subscales of the Self-Management of Heart Failure instrument ranged from 0.79 (ease of evaluating treatment) to 0.92 (evaluating the change). Reliability could not be calculated for 1 subscale (evaluating the treatment) because of missing data that resulted from @entity1 skipping sections because they had not experienced a symptom. CONCLUSION: Clinicians interested in evaluating the self-management abilities of their @entity1 with @entity712 are encouraged to use this tool and to contribute to additional testing.

Development and testing of a clinical tool measuring self-management of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']
@entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']
