We describe EMG responses recorded in active @entity7871 muscles following unilateral and bilateral electrical vestibular stimulation (EVS, current pulses of 5 mA intensity, 2 ms duration, 3 Hz frequency). Averaged responses in unrectified @entity7871 EMG induced by unilateral EVS were examined in 16 healthy subjects; effects induced by bilateral (transmastoid) stimulation were studied in 10 subjects. Results showed that unilateral as well as bilateral EVS induces bilaterally a clear biphasic response (onset latency ranging from 7.2 to 8.8 ms), that is of equal amplitude and latency contra- and ipsilateral to the stimulation site. In all subjects, unilateral cathodal stimulation induced a positive-negative response termed @entity1354 /n15 according to its mean peak latency; the anodal stimulation induced a response of opposite polarity (n11/ @entity9288 ) in 11/16 subjects. Cathodal responses were significantly larger than anodal responses. Bilateral stimulation induced a @entity1354 /n15 response significantly larger than that induced by the unilateral cathodal stimulation. Recordings from single motor units showed that responses to cathodal stimulation corresponded to a brief (2-4 ms) silent period in motor unit discharge rate. The magnitude of EVS-induced @entity7871 response was linearly related to current intensity and scaled with the mean level of EMG activity. The size of the @entity1354 /n15 response was asymmetrically modulated when subjects were tilted on both sides; in contrast @entity717 did not exert any influence. Control experiments excluded a possible role of cutaneous receptors in generating the @entity7871 response. We conclude that transmastoid electrical stimulation evokes vestibulomasseteric reflexes in healthy @entity1 at latencies consistent with a di-trisynaptic pathway.

A short latency vestibulomasseteric reflex evoked by electrical stimulation over the mastoid in healthy XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans'] @entity1354 :: ('8909', 'Gene') :: ['p11'] @entity9288 :: ('1030', 'Gene') :: ['p15'] @entity7871 :: ('MESH:D014313', 'Disease') :: ['masseter'] @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['head rotation']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']
