OBJECTIVES: Mandibular anterior crowding can be treated by expanding the dental arch or by extracting teeth, usually premolars. The aim of this study was to assess long-term outcomes of extraction versus non-extraction therapies in terms of @entity1464 . METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity1 were selected, including 26  non-extraction and 24  extraction cases. All had been treated with fixed appliances because of well-defined comparable moderate crowding and Angle Class  @entity3232 . @entity1 age was documented before treatment, upon debonding, and during retention, thus, allowing the calculation of the duration of active treatment and retention. The records available for these three points in time included casts and cephalograms. The casts were used to quantify mandibular anterior crowding and the associated clinical crown lengths. Based on the cephalograms, a number of symphyseal variables were measured. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and multiple regressions. RESULTS: For accurate comparison of the extraction and non-extraction treatment groups, we required and verified that no significant intergroup differences were present with regard to initial crowding, duration of retention, and age at final record-taking. Both groups revealed increases in crown length, which fell short of statistical significance but were twice as large for @entity235 than for incisors. The treatment decisions to extract premolars did result in significantly different topographic positions of the lower incisors, but they made no difference in the recession outcomes. None of the variables in our regression analysis was found to predict @entity1464 . CONCLUSION: Findings of @entity1464 in @entity1 having undergone orthodontic treatment do not seem to be related to extraction/non-extraction treatment decisions.

Does the decision to extract influence the development of XXXX ? : A retrospective long-term evaluation.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient'] @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['gingival recession'] @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canines'] @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['I malocclusion']
@entity1464 :: (MESH:D005889,Disease) :: ['gingival recessions']
