Granulomatous inflammatory lesions are a major histopathological feature of a wide spectrum of @entity1 infectious and @entity792 . Experimental @entity1669 (EAT) with @entity738 histopathological features can be induced by @entity19 @entity32411 (MTg)-sensitized spleen cells activated in vitro with MTg and anti-interleukin-2 receptor (anti- @entity3783 ), anti- @entity2047 , or anti- @entity60 (anti- @entity60 ) monoclonal antibody (MAb). These studies suggested that @entity60 -producing T cells requiring @entity2047 for growth may negatively regulate activation of @entity738 EAT effector cells. As IL-12 promotes activation of @entity60 -producing @entity630 cells, the present study was undertaken to determine the role of IL-12 in activation of effector cells for @entity738 EAT. MTg-sensitized cells activated in vitro with MTg, anti- @entity3783 MAb, and IL-12 induced severe, destructive @entity4941 with @entity32 , fibrin deposition, and @entity39 . Many glands ultimately underwent @entity194 and became fibrotic; some also showed @entity39 and a mixed @entity32 of blood vessel walls indicative of a @entity1333 . Induction of severe @entity738 EAT by IL-12 required MTg in vitro and was unrelated to the IL-12-induced increase in @entity60 production. IL-12 markedly increased @entity60 production but did not induce a shift to a @entity630 -dominant phenotype, as other @entity630 and @entity61 cytokines were generally unaffected and both @entity630 and @entity61 cytokines were expressed in recipient thyroids. Addition of IL-12 or neutralization by anti-IL-12 at various times indicated that IL-12 exerted its primary effects in the final 24 hours of the 72-hour culture and was not required in recipient @entity19 . Cells cultured with anti-IL-12, MTg, and anti- @entity3783 MAb transferred mild lymphocytic EAT but little or no @entity738 EAT. Thus, IL-12 profoundly regulates the in vitro activation of effector cells that induce histologically distinct autoimmune inflammatory lesions in the thyroid.

Interleukin-12 promotes activation of effector cells that induce a severe destructive XXXX form of @entity19 experimental @entity1669 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration', 'neutrophil inflammation'] @entity32411 :: ('21819(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['thyroglobulin'] @entity630 :: ('57314(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Th1'] @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous'] @entity2047 :: ('16183(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IL-2'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse'] @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis'] @entity4941 :: ('MESH:D013968', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous thyroiditis'] @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['fibrinoid necrosis', 'necrosis'] @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma'] @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing vasculitis'] @entity61 :: ('15111(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Th2'] @entity3783 :: ('16184(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IL2R', 'IL-2R'] @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy'] @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']
@entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granulomatous']
