The morphogenesis of most types of @entity1 @entity299 is still obscure. The reasons for this are, first, the paucity of data from @entity1 embryos and fetuses and, second, the paucity of appropriate animal models. During the past few years, we have tested several chemicals for their teratogenic potential, hoping to find, particularly in the @entity1573 , substances that could be used for the development of models for specific @entity299 . We have now discovered that @entity5747 , an antitrypanosomal drug, can induce a special type of @entity299 in which the two atrial appendages are positioned to the left of the great arteries. This situation resembles the situation found in @entity1 and classified as left juxtaposition of the atrial appendages. In the present study, we have analysed the pathomorphological features of a series of our @entity1573 hearts to assess precisely how accurately these @entity299 in the @entity1573 correspond to the situation seen in the @entity1 . We found that the cases observed in the @entity1573 did, indeed, have many features in common with the @entity1 cases described in the literature. This suggests that we have developed an animal model for @entity1 left juxtaposition. Our model could be used for two kinds of embryological studies: first, documentation of the morphogenesis of left juxtaposition; and second, studies on the mechanisms driving the normal positional changes between the atriums and outflow tract of the embryonic heart during the late phase of cardiac looping. The fact that left juxtaposition of the atrial appendages can be induced by @entity5747 might help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this type of @entity299 . Furthermore, the fact that @entity5747 is used for the chemotherapy of frequent @entity66 , such as @entity7247 , poses the question as to whether this drug might play a role in the aetiology of left juxtaposition in some @entity1 populations.

A model for left juxtaposition of the atrial appendages in the XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tropical diseases'] @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chicken', 'chick'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac malformations', 'congenital cardiac malformation', 'congenital cardiac defect', 'cardiac malformations'] @entity5747 :: ('MESH:D013498', 'Chemical') :: ['suramin'] @entity7247 :: ('MESH:D014353', 'Disease') :: ['African trypanosomiasis and onchocerciasis']
@entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']
