BACKGROUND: The @entity101 Optimal Treatment (HOT) Study has provided information about @entity65 in 18790 @entity101 , subjected to pronounced blood pressure (BP) lowering for a mean of 3.8 years. The HOT study data have subsequently been analysed after stratification of the @entity1 according to global cardiovascular risk, and it has been found that, despite intensive blood pressure lowering in all risk strata, morbid event rates increased with increasing risk stratum. OBJECTIVES: Previously analysed global risk strata were based on combinations of risk factors. The analyses presented here were intended to provide information on the relative role that the presence of each individual factor may have in increasing cardiovascular risk, despite good BP control. METHODS: Risk ratios (RR) for @entity1 with and those without a risk factor were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a Cox proportional hazard model, and adjusted for all variables except the one under examination. RESULTS: For all risk factors considered and for all types of event, RR were always greater than 1, indicating a greater risk in the presence, compared with that in the absence of each factor. The male gender was a statistically significant risk for cardiovascular (CV) events, CV and total mortality and particularly for @entity583 ( @entity583 ); age > or = 65 years for CV events, @entity64 , CV and particularly total mortality; smoking for all events analysed, but particularly for total mortality (twice higher in smokers than in non-smokers); high serum @entity165 (> 6.8 mmol/l) for CV events, @entity583 and CV mortality; high serum @entity1011 (> 155 micromol/l) for CV events, @entity64 , CV and total mortality; @entity6 for CV events, @entity64 , total mortality and particularly CV mortality; and @entity299 for all events analysed. Adjusted RR were often close to or greater than 2. CONCLUSIONS: Each of the risk factors considered was found to be an important cause of residual risk, despite good BP control. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing other correctable risk factors, e.g. smoking, hypercholesterolaemia and @entity6 , as well as rigorous control of blood pressure, and of initiating antihypertensive therapy before cardiovascular and renal damage becomes manifest.

Effects of individual risk factors on the incidence of @entity65 in the treated @entity101 XXXX of the @entity101 Optimal Treatment Study. HOT Study Group.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'Hypertension'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease'] @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine'] @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events'] @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']
