OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity409 in @entity1 with @entity15 and to investigate whether plasma from @entity1 with @entity15 induces endothelial cell dysfunction in vitro. BACKGROUND: Endothelial cell dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity15 . Elevations of soluble adhesion molecules intracellular adhesion molecule, vascular cell adhesion molecule, and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 ( @entity2279 ) have been reported as markers of blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage in @entity15 , but direct assay of endothelium has been difficult. Endothelial cells release microparticles < approximately 1.5 microm (EMP) during activation or apoptosis. The authors developed a flow cytometric assay of EMP and studied EMP as markers of endothelial damage in @entity15 . METHODS: Platelet-poor plasma (PPP) from 50 @entity1 with @entity15 (30 in exacerbation and 20 in remission) and 48 controls were labeled with @entity2822 ( @entity2823 )-conjugated anti- @entity2279 and anti- @entity9615 (vitronectin receptor) antibodies, and two classes of EMP ( @entity2279 + and @entity9615 +) were assayed by flow cytometry. For in vitro studies, @entity1 ' plasma was added to the microvascular endothelial cell (MVEC) culture and release of @entity2279 + and @entity9615 + EMP were measured in the supernatant. RESULTS: Plasma from @entity1 in exacerbation had 2.85-fold elevation of @entity2279 + EMP as compared with healthy controls, returning to near control value during remission. The @entity2279 + EMP concentration showed a positive association with @entity2287 enhancement in @entity1 with @entity15 . In contrast, @entity9615 + EMP remained elevated in both exacerbation and remission. This suggests that @entity2279 + EMP is a marker of acute injury, whereas @entity9615 + EMP reflects chronic injury of endothelium. @entity15 plasma induced release of both @entity2279 + and @entity9615 + EMP from MVEC culture in vitro. CONCLUSION: @entity409 is evident during exacerbation of @entity15 , evidenced by shedding of EMP expressing @entity2279 ( @entity2279 ). The in vitro data indicate contribution of one or more plasma factors in @entity409 of @entity15 .

Elevated plasma endothelial microparticles in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction'] @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate'] @entity2279 :: ('5175', 'Gene') :: ['PECAM-1', 'CD31'] @entity2823 :: ('MESH:D016650', 'Chemical') :: ['FITC'] @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium'] @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS'] @entity9615 :: ('3685', 'Gene') :: ['CD51']
@entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']
