BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate sex differences and associations of high molecular weight (HMW) @entity1254 , @entity1243 and proinflammatory adipokines, individually or in combinations, with @entity1386 and @entity2690 resistance (IR) measures in prepubertal childhood. METHODOLOGY: We studied 305 prepubertal @entity1 ( @entity1 / @entity1 : 144/161; Tanner stage 1; age: 5-13 yr), included in a cohort of 44,231 adolescents who participated in an extensive Italian school-based survey. According to Cole's criteria, 105 individuals were lean (L; @entity1 / @entity1 : 59/46), 60 overweight (OW; @entity1 / @entity1 : 32/28) and 140 @entity28 ( @entity28 ; @entity1 / @entity1 : 70/70). Measurements comprised total and HMW @entity1254 , @entity1243 , as well as a panel of proinflammatory adipokines/chemokines associated with @entity6 risk. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: @entity1243 -, and the @entity1243 -to-HMW @entity1254 ratio (L/HMW)-, increased progressively (p<0.0001) from L to OW to @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 . When compared with L peers, OW and @entity28 @entity1 exhibited lower (p<0.001) HMW @entity1254 levels, while in @entity1 the HMW multimers did not differ significantly across the BMI-stratified groups. @entity28 @entity1 displayed higher (p<0.05) @entity687 , @entity8923 , @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels (sICAM-1) than L @entity1 , whereas increased @entity6785 ( @entity6785 ) concentrations in @entity28 vs OW @entity1 were seen. HMW @entity1254 (negatively), @entity1243 or inflammatory markers (positively) correlated with @entity1386 and IR measures. In multivariate models, @entity1243 represented a strong and independent determinant of HOMA-IR (R(2) 0.378; p<0.01). Adjustment for age, BMI(z-score), lipids and inflammatory mediators abolished the association between @entity1243 and HOMA-IR in @entity1 , while in @entity1 @entity1243 remained still a significant predictor of IR (R(2) 0.513; p<0.01). Finally, in both sexes, the joint effect of the L/HMW did not improve the prediction of basal IR as compared with @entity1243 levels alone, which were mainly explained by the BMI(z-score.) CONCLUSIONS: In prepubertal @entity1 , @entity1243 emerges as a sex-independent discrimination marker of @entity1386 degree and as a useful, sex-associated predictor of the systemic @entity2690 resistance.

Inflammatory adipokines, high molecular weight @entity1254 , and XXXX resistance: a population-based survey in prepubertal schoolchildren.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys'] @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'OB'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes'] @entity1243 :: ('3952', 'Gene') :: ['leptin', 'Leptin'] @entity2690 :: ('3630', 'Gene') :: ['insulin'] @entity6785 :: ('4282', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage migration inhibitory factor', 'MIF'] @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1'] @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['adiponectin'] @entity8923 :: ('3606', 'Gene') :: ['IL-18'] @entity687 :: ('3576', 'Gene') :: ['IL-8'] @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']
@entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']
