OBJECTIVE: Intraoperative pleural lavage cytology for @entity2 has not been widely accepted. The prognostic significance of this procedure has yet to be intensively analyzed because the reports published thus far have involved small @entity1 populations. We therefore performed a large prospective trial of pleural lavage cytology to elucidate its importance. METHODS: Cytologic status of pleural lavage fluid before any manipulation of the lung was examined in 1000 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1149 but no @entity1143 who underwent @entity5 resection. RESULTS: Forty-five (4.5%) of 1000 @entity1 had positive cytologic findings. Positive cytologic findings were observed more frequently in @entity1 with @entity420 , advanced stage, higher involvement of lymph nodes, pleural involvement of the @entity5 , lymphatic permeation, vascular invasion, high level of serum carcinoembryonic antigen, and male sex. The survival rate for 5 years was 28% in @entity1 with positive findings and 67% in @entity1 with negative findings (P <.0001). Among 587 @entity1 with stage I disease, 13 (2.2%) had positive findings, and their 5-year survival was 43%, which was significantly poor compared with that of @entity1 with negative findings (81%, P =.0009). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that pleural lavage cytology was an independent prognostic determinant (P =.0290). Regarding the recurrence pattern in @entity1 with positive findings, distant metastases (19/45 [42.2%]) were observed more frequently rather than local recurrences (19/45 [22.2%]). CONCLUSIONS: Cytologic status of pleural lavage fluid immediately after thoracotomy, an independent significant prognostic factor, constitutes valuable information to detect @entity1 at a high risk of recurrence. Therefore cytology should be performed at the time of curative resection for @entity1149 .

Pleural lavage cytology in XXXX : lessons from 1000 consecutive resections.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer'] @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer'] @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']
@entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']
