UNASSIGNED: Deciphering the genetic bases of pathogen adaptation to its host is a key question in ecology and evolution. To understand how the fungus @entity8812 adapts to different plants, we sequenced eight @entity8812 isolates differing in host specificity ( @entity579 , foxtail millet, @entity3505 and goosegrass), and one @entity9456 isolate specific of crabgrass. Analysis of @entity9456 genomes revealed small variation in genome sizes [39-43 Mb] and gene content [12,283-14,781 genes] between isolates. The whole set of @entity9456 genes comprised 14,966 shared families, 63% of which included genes present in all the 9 @entity8812 genomes. The evolutionary relationships among @entity9456 isolates were inferred using 6,878 single-copy orthologs. The resulting genealogy was mostly bifurcating among the different host-specific lineages, but reticulate inside the @entity579 lineage. We detected traces of introgression from a non- @entity579 genome in the @entity579 reference 70-15 genome. Among @entity8812 isolates and host specific lineages, the genome composition in terms of frequencies of genes putatively involved in pathogenicity (effectors, secondary metabolism, cazome) was conserved. However, 529 shared families were found only in non- @entity579 lineages, whereas the @entity579 lineage possessed 86 specific families absent from the non- @entity579 genomes. Our results confirmed that the host specificity of @entity8812 isolates was associated with a divergence between lineages without major gene flow and that, despite the strong conservation of gene families between lineages, adaptation to different hosts, especially to @entity579 , was associated with the presence of a small number of specific gene families. All information was gathered in a public database (http://genome.jouy.inra.fr/gemo).

Deciphering genome content and evolutionary relationships of isolates from the fungus XXXX attacking different host plants.

@entity3505 :: ('4565', 'Species') :: ['wheat'] @entity9456 :: ('148305', 'Species') :: ['Magnaporthe grisea', 'Magnaporthe'] @entity579 :: ('4530', 'Species') :: ['rice'] @entity8812 :: ('318829', 'Species') :: ['M. oryzae', 'Magnaporthe oryzae']
@entity8812 :: (318829,Species) :: ['Magnaporthe oryzae']
