UNASSIGNED: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been applied to attenuate drug relapses in animal studies and clinical treatments. However, the mechanisms by which DBS produces its therapeutic effects remain largely unknown. This study is the first to combine @entity921 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with DBS to explore the effects of accumbal DBS on the relapse pathway of @entity35 . The images suggested that DBS produced an antidromic activation of the cortico-accumbal afferents. To verify the activating effects of DBS, the expression levels of the protein encoded by the immediate early gene @entity5019 following DBS were measured using immunochemical methods. Intra-shell DBS increased @entity5019 expression at the site of stimulation as well as in the infralimbic prefrontal cortex (IL), and increased @entity5019 -expressing GABAergic interneurons in the IL. This activity is consistent with a previous study demonstrating that DBS of the NAc shell attenuated @entity2072 reinstatement via local activation and/or the activation of GABAergic interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). For further examination, @entity3303 was microinjected into the NAc shell to block the fibers during DBS before the reinstatement test. Inactivation of the target fibers attenuated the effects of DBS on the reinstatement of @entity1286 seeking. Moreover, @entity1246 receptor antagonists administered into the IL weakened the effect of DBS, while @entity1246 receptor agonists microinjected into the IL attenuated the reinstatement of @entity1286 seeking.

Exploring the mechanism by which accumbal deep brain stimulation attenuates @entity1286 -induced reinstatement through XXXX -enhanced MRI and pharmacological intervention.

@entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese'] @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['GABA'] @entity5019 :: ('314322(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['c-Fos'] @entity2072 :: ('MESH:D003042', 'Chemical') :: ['cocaine'] @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine'] @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats']
@entity921 :: (MESH:D008345,Chemical) :: ['manganese']
