Thyroid nodule prevalence is about 1.8% in healthy @entity1 ; however, @entity5 frequency is higher than in adults. Approximately 26.4% of thyroid nodules generate @entity259 in childhood. Coexisting @entity1374 , history of irradiation of the neck, post-pubertal age, female sex, and @entity1374 in the family are risk factors for developing nodules. After evaluation of the medical history and detailed physical examination, the second step is assessment of thyroid function and measurement of calcitonin level. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) value in the upper range seems to be correlated with @entity5 . @entity175 levels must be evaluated, especially if @entity5 is suspected. Ultrasonography (USG) is the first-line imaging tool in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. It gives information about the nodule size, echogenicity and location. Hypoechogenicity, microcalcifications, undefined margins, high internodular vascular flow, and subcapsular localization are clues of @entity5 . Scintigraphy is only recommended in a solid nodule with the presence of suppressed TSH. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has 90% accuracy and is very useful in the selection of @entity1 for surgery. It must be applied to all nodules >= 1 cm and nodules  <=1 cm suspicious for @entity5 . The other diagnostic tools are elastography, immunocytochemical markers and genetic evaluation. In the management of thyroid nodules, surgery is advised, especially if there is difficulty in distinguishing @entity189 .

Approach to thyroid nodules in XXXX and adolescents.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients'] @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcitonin'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['medullary cancer', 'malignant lesions', 'cancer', 'malignancy'] @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['benign lesions from carcinoma'] @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer'] @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid malignancy', 'thyroid disease']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']
