Smoking rates have declined in recent years less rapidly in @entity1 than in @entity1 . More adolescent @entity1 than @entity1 are currently smoking. Quitting smoking is reported in many studies to be more difficult in @entity1 than in @entity1 . These observations suggest that there may be gender differences in the nature of @entity1239 addiction. Gender differences in various pharmacological processes involved in @entity1239 addiction are reviewed. @entity1 take in less @entity1239 from smoking per cigarette than @entity1 but, because of slower metabolism, @entity1239 levels in the body for a given number of cigarettes per day are similar in male and female smokers. @entity1 tend to be less sensitive to the discriminative effects of @entity1239 and tend to regulate @entity1239 intake less precisely than @entity1 . On the other hand, @entity1 appear to be more sensitive to the effects of @entity1239 in reducing negative affect and reducing body weight. There is a strong association between @entity308 and smoking, and this association appears to be stronger in @entity1 than in @entity1 . @entity1 tend to respond more to environmental cues associated with smoking than do @entity1 . Thus, several lines of evidence suggest that @entity1239 addiction is different in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Understanding the basis for gender differences may be of utility in individualizing and optimizing smoking cessation therapy.

Gender differences in the pharmacology of XXXX addiction.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'girls', 'boys', 'men'] @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine'] @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']
@entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['nicotine']
