This study compared descriptive data, obtained via retinal reflex photography, concerning ocular anomalies of 439 learning disabled elementary school @entity1 , 1657 kindergarten and Grade 1 nonlearning disabled @entity1 , and 724 nonlearning disabled @entity1 in Grades 2 to 6. Ocular factors included refractive and nonametropic errors as well as severity of the problem. The learning disabled sample had a significantly higher incidence of @entity2516 than the normal samples in Kindergarten and Grade 1 but lower incidence than the normal sample in Grades 2 to 6. The learning disabled group had a significantly higher incidence of @entity1714 in one or both eyes than did the kindergarten and first grade normal group. No such difference for @entity1714 existed between the learning disabled and the normal sample in Grades 2 to 6. Incidence of @entity3467 in both eyes was significantly lower in the learning disabled than in the kindergarten-first grade sample; however, @entity3467 in one eye only was greater for the learning disabled than for the older normals. Significant differences between the younger and older normals existed for all types of @entity2516 except @entity3467 in only one eye. Severity of the problem differed significantly between the learning disabled and the kindergarten-first grade sample in the classes of severe and minimal, not at all when comparing learning disabled and older normals, and in all classes when comparing younger and older normals. The learning disabled also had a significantly higher incidence of nonametropic anomalies than did the normal group. Implications relating @entity2516 and near environment were discussed.

Ocular anomalies: a comparison of learning disabled and nonlearning disabled elementary school XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children'] @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia'] @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['myopia'] @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']
