UNASSIGNED: The molecular mechanisms of @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) signalling have been studied for many years; however, how mitochondria-localized proteins play roles in @entity2272 signalling remains unclear. Here an @entity958 mitochondria-localized protein RRL ( @entity851 -LIKE) was shown to function in @entity2272 signalling. A previous study had revealed that the @entity958 mitochondria-localized protein @entity851 ( @entity851 ) is required for cell division in the root meristem. RRL shares 54% and 57% identity at the @entity4334 and @entity3689 sequences, respectively, with @entity851 ; nevertheless, RRL shows a different function in @entity958 . In this study, disruption of RRL decreased @entity2272 sensitivity whereas overexpression of RRL increased @entity2272 sensitivity during seed germination and seedling growth. High expression levels of RRL were found in germinating seeds and developing seedlings, as revealed by b-glucuronidase (GUS) staining of ProRRL-GUS transgenic lines. The analyses of the structure and function of mitochondria in the knockout rrl mutant showed that the disruption of RRL causes extensively internally vacuolated mitochondria and reduced @entity2272 -stimulated reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production. Previous studies have revealed that the expression of @entity44953 ( @entity44953 ) in the alternative respiratory pathway is increased by mitochondrial retrograde regulation to regain ROS levels when the mitochondrial electron transport chain is impaired. The @entity30387 ( @entity30387 )-type transcription factor @entity38194 is a regulator of @entity44954 ( @entity44954 ) in mitochondrial retrograde signalling. This study showed that @entity2272 -induced @entity44954 and @entity38194 expression was inhibited in the rrl mutant, suggesting that RRL is probably involved in @entity38194 -mediated mitochondrial retrograde signalling. Furthermore, the results revealed that @entity38194 is a downstream regulatory factor in RRL-mediated @entity2272 signalling in seed germination and seedling growth.

An @entity958 mitochondria-localized RRL protein mediates @entity2271 signal transduction through mitochondrial retrograde regulation involving XXXX .

@entity2272 :: ('CHEBI:2365', 'Chemical') :: ['ABA'] @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid'] @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['RETARDED ROOT GROWTH', 'RRG'] @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis'] @entity38194 :: ('818614(Tax:3702)', 'Gene') :: ['ABI4'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity44954 :: ('821806(Tax:3702)', 'Gene') :: ['AOX1a', 'ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE1a'] @entity44953 :: ('836542(Tax:3702)', 'Gene') :: ['alternative oxidase', 'AOX'] @entity30387 :: ('829845(Tax:3702)', 'Gene') :: ['AP2', 'APETALA2'] @entity4334 :: ('D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide'] @entity3689 :: ('D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']
@entity38194 :: (818614(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['ABI4']
