INTRODUCTION: Non-invasive diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) can detect and characterize @entity0 and predict @entity5 responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, even in @entity1 with radiographically dense breasts. However, the relationship between measured optical parameters and pathological biomarker information needs to be further studied to connect information from optics to traditional clinical @entity5 biology. Thus we investigate how optically measured physiological parameters in @entity5 such as @entity16486 -, deoxy-hemoglobin concentration, tissue blood oxygenation, and metabolic rate of @entity26 correlate with microscopic histopathological biomarkers from the same @entity5 , e.g., Ki67 proliferation markers, @entity2280 stained vasculature markers and nuclear morphology. METHODS: In this pilot study, we investigate correlations of macroscopic physiological parameters of @entity5 measured by diffuse optical technologies with microscopic histopathological biomarkers of the same @entity5 , i.e., the Ki67 proliferation marker, the @entity2280 stained vascular properties marker, and nuclear morphology. RESULTS: The @entity5 -to-normal relative ratio of Ki67-positive nuclei is positively correlated with DOT-measured relative tissue blood @entity26 saturation (R = 0.89, p-value: 0.001), and lower @entity5 -to-normal deoxy-hemoglobin concentration is associated with higher expression level of Ki67 nuclei (p-value: 0.01). In a subset of the Ki67-negative group (defined by the 15 % threshold), an inverse correlation between Ki67 expression level and mammary metabolic rate of @entity26 was observed (R = -0.95, p-value: 0.014). Further, @entity2280 stained mean-vessel-area in @entity5 is positively correlated with @entity5 -to-normal total-hemoglobin and @entity16486 -hemoglobin concentration. Finally, we find that cell nuclei tend to have more elongated shapes in less oxygenated DOT-measured environments. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, the pilot data are consistent with the notion that increased blood is supplied to @entity0 , and it also suggests that less conversion of @entity16486 - to deoxy-hemoglobin occurs in more @entity5 . Overall, the observations corroborate expectations that macroscopic measurements of @entity0 physiology using DOT and DCS can reveal microscopic pathological properties of @entity0 and hold potential to complement pathological biomarker information.

Macroscopic optical physiological parameters correlate with microscopic proliferation and vessel area XXXX signatures.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer', 'proliferative cancers', 'tumors'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity2280 :: ('947', 'Gene') :: ['CD34'] @entity16486 :: ('CHEBI:29354', 'Chemical') :: ['oxy']
@entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']
