RATIONALE: Working @entity2414 is frequently observed in @entity161 . The neural mechanisms underlying this dysfunction remain unclear, with functional neuroimaging studies reporting increased, decreased or unchanged activation compared to controls. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the neural correlates of @entity2414 in @entity161 with particular consideration of effects of antipsychotic treatment and relation to performance levels in the @entity1 group. METHOD: We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and studied the blood- @entity26 -level-dependent (BOLD) response of 45 @entity161 outpatients and 19 healthy controls during a parametric spatial n-back task. RESULTS: Performance in both groups deteriorated with increasing memory load (0-back, 1-back, 2-back), but the two groups did not significantly differ in performance overall or as a function of load. @entity1 produced stronger BOLD signal in occipital and lateral prefrontal cortex during task performance than controls. This difference increased with increasing working memory load in the prefrontal areas. We also found that in @entity1 with good task performance, the BOLD response in left prefrontal cortex showed a stronger parametric increase with working memory load than in @entity1 with poor performance. Second-generation antipsychotics were independently associated with left prefrontal BOLD increase in response to working memory load, whereas first-generation antipsychotics were associated with BOLD decrease with increasing load in this area. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these findings suggest that in @entity161 @entity1 , normal working memory task performance may be achieved through compensatory neural activity, especially in well-performing @entity1 and in those treated with second-generation antipsychotics.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of a parametric working memory task in XXXX : relationship with performance and effects of antipsychotic treatment.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['spatial working memory', 'memory dysfunction'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']
@entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']
