BACKGROUND: Conventional open surgery of large @entity1653 has proven to be challenging even in experienced hands. Intense retraction and dissection around neurovascular structures increase morbidity and mortality. In the present study, we retrospectively analyzed the surgical technique, and outcome in 40 @entity1 with large anterior cranial fossa @entity1653 extending to the middle fossa. All @entity1 were approached via a supraorbital mini craniotomy. METHODS: It is a retrospective study of 40 @entity1 (12 males, 28 females) who underwent surgery for large anterior cranial fossa @entity1653 (diameter >5cm) extending to the middle fossa in four different neurosurgical centers within 6 years. Depending on the localization of the @entity5 , the skin incision was between 2.5 and 3cm long and was made without shaving the @entity1 's eyebrow hair. Subsequently, a keyhole craniotomy was performed of approximately 0.8*1.2-1.4cm in diameter. Preoperative and postoperative clinical and radiological data were analyzed and discussed. RESULTS: @entity10 and @entity347 were the most common presenting symptom in all @entity1 . Presenting symptoms were associated with psychological changes in 23 cases, @entity227 in 19 @entity1 , and anosmia in 17 @entity1 . In overall, 36 of 40 @entity1 (90%) showed a good outcome and returned at long-term follow-up to their previous occupations. The elderly @entity1 returned to their daily routine. CONCLUSION: With the appropriate keyhole approach as a refinement of the classic keyhole craniotomy to a smaller key"burr"hole, and with use of modern and new designed equipment, it is possible to perform complete resection of large anterior and @entity1653 with the same safety, efficiency and with less complication rates as described in the literature for large @entity1653 even performed with classic keyhole craniotomies.

Endoscope-assisted keyhole surgery via an eyebrow incision for XXXX of the anterior and middle cranial fossa.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['middle fossa meningiomas', 'meningiomas'] @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache'] @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['psycho-organic syndrome']
@entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['removal of large meningiomas']
