OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of sputum microscopy by the concentration method using spot and morning and same-day smears for the diagnosis of @entity1907 . METHODS: Three sputum specimens (spot, second spot and morning) were collected from study @entity1 . Three smears were prepared from the direct sample and three using the @entity898 - @entity7159 concentration method. The smears were stained using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, modified ZN (MZN) staining and fluorescent staining (FS). Smear results were pooled and compared in two categories: standard spot and morning, and same-day smears. The   (2) test was used to evaluate the statistical difference in smear-positive cases. RESULTS: Among 3186 @entity1 included in the study, smear positivity was respectively 9.6%, 9.8% and 10.8% for ZN, MZN and FS smears using spot and morning smears. Using same-day smears, smear positivity was respectively 9.5%, 9.8% and 10.6% for ZN, MZN and FS smears. Smear positivity increased to 16% with the concentration method. CONCLUSION: Nil dropouts and @entity1 convenience are the added advantages of using same-day smears, and the concentration method improved smear positivity. Given these advantages, using same-day smears with the concentration method should be considered by the World Health Organization and India's Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme.

Same-day sputum smear microscopy for the diagnosis of XXXX : direct vs. concentrated smear.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient'] @entity7159 :: ('MESH:D012972', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hydroxide'] @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-l-cysteine'] @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']
@entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']
