UNASSIGNED: @entity2384 ( @entity2385 ) is a xenobiotic used as a biocide in antifouling paints that has been demonstrated to induce endocrine-disrupting effects, such as @entity28 and @entity854 . An integrative metabolic control in the @entity444 was exerted by leptin. However, studies that have investigated the obesogenic @entity2385 effects on the @entity444 are especially rare. We investigated whether @entity209 as a result of @entity2385 are correlated with @entity10844 function, as well as kisspeptin (Kiss) action. Female @entity35 were administered vehicle and @entity2385 (100ng/kg/day) for 15days via gavage. We analyzed their effects on the tin serum and ovary accumulation (as biomarker of @entity2385 exposure), estrous cyclicity, surge LH levels, GnRH expression, Kiss action, fertility, @entity251 levels, @entity2670 , @entity32 , @entity82 , @entity172 negative feedback, body @entity1017 , insulin, leptin, @entity36371 levels, as well as the @entity413 tolerance (GTT) and insulin sensitivity tests (IST). @entity2385 led to increased serum and ovary tin levels, irregular estrous cyclicity, and decreased surge LH levels, GnRH expression and Kiss responsiveness. A strong negative correlation between the serum and ovary tin levels with lower Kiss responsiveness and GnRH mRNA expression was observed in @entity2385 @entity35 . An increase in the @entity251 levels, ovarian and uterine @entity82 , @entity2670 , and @entity32 and a decrease in fertility and @entity172 negative feedback were demonstrated in the @entity2385 @entity35 . We also identified an increase in the body @entity1017 and abnormal GTT and IST tests, which were associated with @entity3190 , hyperleptinemia and @entity17211 , in the @entity2385 @entity35 . @entity2385 disrupted proper functioning of the @entity444 as a result of abnormal Kiss action. The @entity209 co-occur with the @entity10844 . Hyperleptinemia as a result of @entity28 induced by @entity2385 may be associated with abnormal HPG function. A strong negative correlation between the hyperleptinemia and lower Kiss responsiveness was observed in the @entity2385 @entity35 . These findings provide evidence that @entity2385 leads to toxic effects direct on the @entity444 and/or indirectly by abnormal metabolic regulation of the @entity444 .

Environmental obesogen XXXX leads to abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function by disruption in kisspeptin/leptin signaling in female @entity35 .

@entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['uterine inflammation'] @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone'] @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis'] @entity10844 :: ('MESH:D006058', 'Disease') :: ['HPG axis abnormalities', 'abnormal hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis'] @entity17211 :: ('MESH:C567258', 'Disease') :: ['hypoadiponectinemia'] @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats', 'Wistar rats'] @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders', 'metabolic dysfunctions'] @entity36371 :: ('246253(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['adiponectin'] @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['reproductive abnormalities'] @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain'] @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia'] @entity2384 :: ('MESH:C011559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tributyltin chloride'] @entity2385 :: ('CHEBI:27086', 'Chemical') :: ['TBT'] @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian apoptosis'] @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis', 'HPG axis'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']
@entity2384 :: (MESH:C011559,Chemical) :: ['tributyltin chloride']
