UNASSIGNED: Legislative limits for driving under the influence of 20 non- @entity285 drugs were introduced in Norway in February 2012. Per se limits corresponding to blood @entity285 concentrations (BAC) of 0.2g/kg were established for 20 psychoactive drugs, and limits for graded sanctions corresponding to BACs of 0.5 and 1.2g/kg were determined for 13 of these drugs. This new legislation made it possible for the courts to make sentences based on the analytical results, similar to the situation for @entity285 . To ensure that the reported concentration is as least as high as the true concentration, with a 99% safety level, safety margins had to be calculated for each of the substances. @entity3175 , @entity839 ( @entity839 ) and @entity285 were used as model substances to establish a new model for estimating the safety margins. The model was compared with a previous used model established several years ago, by a similar yet much simpler model, and they were found to be in agreement. The measurement uncertainties depend on the standard batch used, the work list and the measurements' replicate. A Bayesian modelling approach was used to determine the parameters in the model, using a dataset of 4700 @entity3175 positive specimens and 5400 @entity839 positive specimens. Different safety margins were considered for low and high concentration levels of @entity3175 ( <=2 M (0.6mg/L) and >2 M) and @entity839 ( <=0.01 M (0.003mg/L) and >0.01 M). The safety margins were for @entity3175 19.5% ( <=2 M) and 34% (>2 M), for @entity839 19.5% ( <=0.01 M) and 24.9% (>0.01 M). Concentration dependent safety margins for BAC were based on a dataset of 29500 @entity285 positive specimens, and were in the range 10.4% (0.1g/kg) to 4.0% (4.0g/kg) at a 99% safety level. A simplified approach was used to establish safety margins for the compounds @entity4944 , @entity14842 , @entity888 , @entity1401 , @entity67955 , @entity12029 , @entity2053 , @entity11672 , @entity6720 , @entity4783 , @entity2933 , @entity284 , @entity3652 , @entity2072 , @entity1286 , @entity2492 and @entity9038 . The safety margins for these drugs were in the range 34-41%.

Determination of safety margins for whole blood concentrations of XXXX and nineteen drugs in driving under the influence cases.

@entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam', 'Diazepam'] @entity839 :: ('MESH:D013759', 'Chemical') :: ['THC', 'tetrahydrocannabinol'] @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine'] @entity12029 :: ('MESH:D005445', 'Chemical') :: ['flunitrazepam'] @entity67955 :: ('MESH:C017928', 'Chemical') :: ['phenazepam'] @entity14842 :: ('MESH:D018817', 'Chemical') :: ['MDMA'] @entity11672 :: ('MESH:D009567', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrazepam'] @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine'] @entity2933 :: ('CHEBI:30830', 'Chemical') :: ['GHB'] @entity6720 :: ('MESH:D010076', 'Chemical') :: ['oxazepam'] @entity1401 :: ('MESH:D000525', 'Chemical') :: ['alprazolam'] @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine'] @entity2072 :: ('MESH:D003042', 'Chemical') :: ['cocaine'] @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone'] @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine'] @entity9038 :: ('MESH:C515050', 'Chemical') :: ['zopiclone'] @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine'] @entity285 :: ('D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol'] @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam'] @entity2492 :: ('MESH:C049109', 'Chemical') :: ['zolpidem']
@entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']
