PURPOSE: The effectiveness of rapid maxillary expansion is adversely affected by failure and relapse. It is important to identify key factors that increase new bone formation and improve bone remodeling of midpalatal sutures to improve the stability and effectiveness of this commonly used orthodontic procedure. @entity12097 (PPARy) plays an important role in modulating osteogenesis and bone resorption in long bones. This study was designed to explore the function of PPARy in bone remodeling and tissue engineering of midpalatal sutures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity12098 , a PPARy agonist, and osteoclast PPARy knockout @entity19 were used to explore the impact of PPARy activation and inactivation, respectively, on bone remodeling in a @entity19 model of @entity23002 ( @entity23002 ). Histologic analysis including staining with @entity1710 - @entity1711 , @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase was used to evaluate tissue remodeling. Reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure gene expression. RESULTS: @entity12098 decreased new bone formation after @entity23002 . This was accompanied by an increased amount of osteoclasts and expression of genes promoting osteoclastogenesis, as well as a decreased amount of osteoblasts and expression of genes promoting osteoblastogenesis in midpalatal sutures. Conversely, osteoclast PPARy knockout @entity19 increased new bone formation and decreased the amount of osteoclasts and expression of genes promoting osteoclastogenesis. CONCLUSION: In the process of bone remodeling after @entity23002 , PPARy, particularly in osteoclasts, is an important regulator of osteoblast and osteoclast homeostasis and bone remodeling in midpalatal sutures. Blockade of PPARy might be an effective strategy to improve stability and decrease relapse in the practice of rapid maxillary expansion.

@entity12097 Regulates Bone Remodeling After Midpalatal Suture Expansion in XXXX .

@entity12097 :: ('19016(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma'] @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate'] @entity23002 :: ('MESH:C563296', 'Disease') :: ['MSE', 'midpalatal suture expansion'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse'] @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['Pioglitazone'] @entity1711 :: ('MESH:D004801', 'Chemical') :: ['eosin'] @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']
@entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']
