OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the role of a burr hole and calvarial bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) in a transient @entity2806 model in the @entity35 and postulates a possible mechanism for the efficacy of multiple @entity129 (MCBH) surgery in @entity7025 ( @entity7025 ). METHODS: Twenty @entity35 (250 g, male) were divided into four groups : normal control group (n=5), burr hole group (n=5), @entity63 group (n=5), and @entity63 +burr hole group (n=5). Focal @entity63 was induced by the transient @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). At one week after the @entity63 , a 2 mm-sized @entity129 with small cortical incision was made on the ipsilateral (left) parietal area. @entity1603 ( @entity1603 , 50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally, 2 times a day for 6 days after the burr hole trephination. At one week after the burr hole trephination, brains were harvested. Immunohistochemical stainings for @entity1603 , @entity6098 , @entity6667 , and Doublecortin and Nestin were done. RESULTS: In the @entity63 +burr hole group, @entity1603 (+), @entity6098 (+), and Doublecortin (+) cells were found in the cortical incision site below the burr hole. A number of cells with Nestin (+) or @entity6667 (+) were found in the cerebral parenchyma around the cortical incision site. In the other groups, @entity1603 (+), @entity6098 (+), Doublecortin (+), and Nestin (+) cells were not detected in the corresponding area. These findings suggest that @entity1603 (+) and @entity6098 (+) cells are bone marrow-derived stem cells, which may be derived from the calvarial bone marrow through the burr hole. The existence of @entity6098 (+) and @entity6667 (+) cells indicates increased angiogenesis, while the existence of Doublecortin (+), Nestin (+) cells indicates increased neurogenesis. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, the BMSCs through burr holes seem to play an important role for the therapeutic effect of the MCBH surgery in @entity7025 .

Role of a Burr Hole and Calvarial Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in the Ischemic XXXX Brain: A Possible Mechanism for the Efficacy of Multiple Burr Hole Surgery in Moyamoya Disease.

@entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial burr hole'] @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'Bromodeoxyuridine'] @entity6098 :: ('305081(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CD34'] @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury'] @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia'] @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion'] @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['moyamoya disease', 'MMD'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats'] @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']
