BACKGROUND: Recent data indicate that the risk of developing a @entity259 clearly is increased after high-dose, therapeutic radiation therapy during childhood. To better understand the time course, natural history, and histopathology of @entity1374 that develop after high-dose irradiation, the authors undertook a retrospective study of all survivors of childhood and @entity5 who were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and who developed a clinically apparent @entity259 . METHODS: The authors searched the data base of the Department of Pediatrics, the hospital-based @entity5 registry, and the hospital medical records database for @entity1 with @entity259 . RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 were identified who developed a @entity259 after therapeutic radiation. Primary diagnoses were @entity978 (n = 18 @entity1 ), @entity1893 (n = 10 @entity1 ), @entity981 (n = 2 @entity1 ), @entity3052 (n = 1 @entity1 ), @entity3969 (n = 1 @entity1 ), and @entity521 (n = 1 @entity1 ). The median age at the time of diagnosis of the primary @entity5 was 12.0 years (range, 3.7-18.3 years), the median radiation dose to the thyroid gland was 2400 centigrays (cGy; range, 1000-4200 cGy), and the median interval from the time of radiation therapy until the recognition of @entity1374 was 13.0 years (range, 6.2-30.1 years). Thirteen of 33 @entity1374 (39%) were malignant (11 @entity189 ). Age at diagnosis, gender ratio, and time elapsed since initial treatment did not differ between @entity1 with @entity5 , but the median radiation dose to the thyroid was lower in @entity1 who had @entity5 compared with @entity1 who had benign disease (2000 cGy vs. 2950 cGy; P = 0.03). Disease was confined to the neck in all @entity1 who had @entity1374 ; after a median follow-up of 6.5 years (range, 0.9-12 years), none of the @entity1 developed progressive or recurrent disease. CONCLUSIONS: Data from this study suggest that a high proportion of clinically apparent @entity259 that develop after therapeutic radiation for a childhood @entity5 are malignant. However, most of these @entity1374 do not appear to behave in an @entity146 fashion. Because @entity259 may not become evident for decades after radiation therapy, all individuals who are at risk require life-long follow-up.

XXXX after therapeutic radiation for @entity5 during childhood or adolescence.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients'] @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia'] @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adolescent malignancies', 'malignant disease', 'malignant and benign lesions', 'malignancy'] @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumor'] @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas and 2 follicular carcinomas'] @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia'] @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma'] @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma'] @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin disease'] @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid neoplasms', 'thyroid neoplasm'] @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'thyroid lesions', 'malignant thyroid lesions', 'thyroid malignancies']
@entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid neoplasms']
