It is now well accepted that both the cortex and medulla of the @entity1 adrenal gland receive a rich innervation. Many different transmitter substances have been identified in nerves supplying both cortex and medulla and, as well as @entity2661 , a wide range of neuropeptides has been found in the adrenal gland. There have been several studies on the affects of age, @entity1372 intake, stress, @entity4545 , and splanchnic nerve activity on the regulation of adrenal neuropeptide content. There is evidence that the abundance of each of these peptides is actively regulated. Although there have been many studies addressing the individual actions of various neurotransmitters on @entity134 secretion, adrenal blood flow, and adrenal growth, few have attempted to determine the nature of any interaction between neurotransmitters and the classical adrenal stimulants. There are, however, some significant interactions, particularly in the regulation of zona glomerulosa function. This review necessarily focuses on vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity3549 ) and @entity7766 (NPY), as these are the most abundant transmitter peptides in the adrenal gland and the majority of studies have investigated their regulation and actions. However, @entity4757 , @entity10132 ( @entity10132 ), @entity10056 , and the enkephalins are included where appropriate. Finally, it has been suggested that certain neurotransmitters, particularly @entity3549 , may interact with classical hormone receptors in the adrenal, notably the @entity4787 . This review attempts to evaluate our current state of knowledge in each of these areas.

Adrenal neuropeptides: regulation and interaction with XXXX and other adrenal regulators.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian'] @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['ACTH'] @entity3549 :: ('7432', 'Gene') :: ['VIP'] @entity7766 :: ('4852', 'Gene') :: ['neuropeptide Y'] @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium'] @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Gene') :: ['neurotensin'] @entity4787 :: ('4158', 'Gene') :: ['ACTH receptor'] @entity10132 :: ('796', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'calcitonin gene-related peptide'] @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid'] @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines'] @entity4757 :: ('6863', 'Gene') :: ['substance P']
@entity4545 :: (5443,Gene) :: ['ACTH']
