UNASSIGNED: Interstitial @entity2335 / @entity2336 (IC/BPS) is a syndrome of @entity1494 and lower urinary tract symptoms. The three main proposed etiologies are bladder @entity409 , @entity1494 (possible neurogenic), and @entity9 . Despite decades of basic and clinical research, IC/BPS remains difficult to treat. A variety of treatments are used, each aimed towards one etiology. For example, glycosaminoglycans are thought to improve the urothelial permeability barrier, anti-inflammatory agents are used to @entity32 , and mast cell stabilizers and/or antagonists of mast cell products are used in the treatment of @entity13624 . In the (unfortunately frequent) event that a treatment fails, possible reasons are that (1) the clinician is aiming towards the wrong etiology for that @entity1 (i.e., the treatment is off target) or (2) the correct etiology is being targeted, but the treatment is not ameliorating it (i.e., the treatment is sub-therapeutic). This is a crucial distinction, because an off-target treatment should be abandoned, but a sub-therapeutic treatment should be escalated. Currently, our inability to make this crucial distinction is the greatest obstacle to effective treatment. An important future advance would be to identify urine or serum biomarkers specific to each etiologic target. Then, each biomarker could be used to select appropriate @entity1 for each treatment and monitor the treatment's effect on its intended target.

The Challenges of Interstitial XXXX : Current Status and Future Prospects.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['decrease general inflammation'] @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder inflammation', 'unpleasant bladder sensations'] @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial dysfunction'] @entity2336 :: ('MESH:D018856', 'Disease') :: ['bladder pain syndrome'] @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['cystitis'] @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain'] @entity13624 :: ('MESH:D020078', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic inflammation']
@entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['Cystitis']
