OBJECTIVES: To explore the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based histogram analysis and functional diffusion maps (fDMs) in evaluating structural changes of low-grade @entity11 (LGGs) receiving @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) chemotherapy. METHODS: Twenty-one LGG @entity1 underwent 3T-MR examinations before and after three and six cycles of dose-dense @entity2904 , including 3D-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences and DTI (b   =   1000  s/mm(2), 32 directions). @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), fractional anisotropy (FA), and tensor-decomposition DTI maps (p and q) were obtained. Histogram and fDM analyses were performed on co-registered baseline and post-chemotherapy maps. DTI changes were compared with modifications of @entity5 area and volume [according to Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria], and @entity410 response. RESULTS: After three cycles of @entity2904 , 20/21 @entity1 were stable according to RANO criteria, but DTI changes were observed in all @entity1 (Wilcoxon test, P    <=   0.03). After six cycles, DTI changes were more pronounced (P    <=   0.005). Seventy-five percent of @entity1 had early @entity410 response with significant improvement of DTI values, maintaining stability on FLAIR. Early changes of the 25th percentiles of p and @entity1893 predicted final volume change (R(2)   =   0.614 and 0.561, P   <   0.0005, respectively). @entity2904 -related changes were located mainly at @entity5 borders on p and @entity1893 fDMs. CONCLUSIONS: DTI-based histogram and fDM analyses are useful techniques to evaluate the early effects of @entity2904 chemotherapy in LGG @entity1 . KEY POINTS:     DTI helps to assess the efficacy of chemotherapy in low-grade @entity11 .     Histogram analysis of DTI metrics quantifies structural changes in @entity5 tissue.     Functional diffusion maps (fDMs) spatially localize the changes of DTI metrics.     Changes in DTI histograms and fDMs precede changes in conventional MRI.     Early changes in DTI histograms and fDMs correlate with @entity410 response.

Evaluation of low-grade XXXX structural changes after chemotherapy using DTI-based histogram analysis and functional diffusion maps.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'Mean diffusivity'] @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour'] @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas'] @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide'] @entity2904 :: ('CHEBI:72564', 'Chemical') :: ['TMZ']
@entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']
