BACKGROUND: @entity282 is a major concern for @entity1 undergoing facial aesthetic surgery. Aggressive efforts to reduce @entity282 while avoiding adverse sequelae, such as @entity390 and @entity391 , will result in an improved @entity1 experience. Newer pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and longer-acting local anesthetics offer the potential to reduce @entity158 and enhance @entity1 satisfaction. The purpose of this report is to review the options and apply them to 3 specific facial aesthetic procedures: face-lift, brow lift, and blepharoplasty. METHODS: Our review investigates methods used for @entity158 control in the surgical facial rejuvenation @entity1 . We highlight those techniques that have been documented efficacy. We share specific methods of @entity158 management for the more common surgical facial rejuvenation procedures that we perform. RESULTS: In an effort to maximize @entity1 comfort, we assess the effectiveness of various devices, technologies, and treatment modalities available for @entity158 control after surgical facial rejuvenation. These include local anesthetics, topical creams, intravenous @entity1443 , perioperative ketorolac, local anesthetic wound catheter delivery systems, liposomal @entity1341 , tarsorrhaphy/frost sutures, postoperative pharmacologic therapeutics, prophylactic @entity230 , and tricks to eliminate @entity158 with suture removal. Additionally, we summarize the primary investigator's preferred method of @entity158 management for the common surgical facial rejuvenation procedures performed. CONCLUSIONS: Recent advances in @entity282 control can significantly improve the @entity1 's surgical experience. This multimodal therapy includes new pharmaceuticals, longer-acting local anesthetics, and devices designed to minimize @entity282 . Adoption of these techniques may also reduce the need for narcotics and prevent postoperative adverse sequelae.

Putting it all together: recommendations for improving XXXX management in plastic surgical procedures-surgical facial rejuvenation.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['nausea'] @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting'] @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain'] @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids'] @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen'] @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']
@entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']
