OBJECTIVE: @entity1988 is characterized by intrarenal inflammation and lymphocyte activation. In the present study, the expression of cytokine genes in the urinary sediment of @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) was examined. METHODS: We studied 3 @entity1252 @entity1 groups (25 with active @entity1988 [active group], 25 with inactive @entity1252 and previous @entity8 [remission group], 20 with inactive @entity1252 and no history of @entity8 [nonrenal @entity1252 group]) and 2 control groups (10 @entity1 with noninflammatory @entity8 [non- @entity1252 group] and 10 healthy volunteers [healthy group]). Cytokine gene expression in the urinary sediment was studied by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Expression of @entity379 ( @entity379 ) in urinary sediment was significantly higher in the active group than in all other groups (P < 0.001 by Kruskal-Wallis test). Among the @entity1252 @entity1 groups, there was a close correlation between @entity379 expression and the overall @entity1252 Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score (Spearman's r = 0.590, P < 0.001) and the SLEDAI renal score (r = 0.642, P < 0.001). Urinary expression of @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) in the active group was significantly higher than that in the healthy group (P = 0.046) but not in the remission or nonrenal @entity1252 groups. There was no difference in the levels of @entity3646 expression among the @entity1252 groups. CONCLUSION: We found a predominance of @entity1198 cytokine in the urinary sediment of @entity1 with active @entity1988 . Measurement of cytokine gene expression in urinary sediment may be a useful noninvasive tool for assessing the severity of @entity8 in @entity1252 .

Inflammatory cytokine gene expression in the urinary sediment of XXXX with @entity1988 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases', 'renal involvement'] @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus'] @entity1198 :: ('51497', 'Gene') :: ['Th1'] @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus nephritis', 'lupus nephritis'] @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFNgamma', 'interferon-gamma'] @entity1199 :: ('3558', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-2', 'IL-2'] @entity3646 :: ('3565', 'Gene') :: ['IL-4']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']
