UNASSIGNED: Our previous studies showed oral gavage of @entity68472 (AFG1) induced @entity2220 in NIH @entity19 . We recently found that a single intratracheal administration of AFG1 caused chronic inflammatory changes in @entity35 alveolar septum. Here, we examine whether oral gavage of AFG1 induces @entity55 and how it contributes to @entity105 . We evaluated chronic lung inflammatory responses in Balb/c @entity19 after oral gavage of AFG1 for 1, 3 and 6 months. Inflammatory responses were heightened in the lung alveolar septum, 3 and 6 months after AFG1 treatment, evidenced by increased macrophages and lymphocytes infiltration, up-regulation of NF-kB and p- @entity10433 , and cytokines production. High expression levels of @entity224 dismutase ( @entity183 ) and hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1), two established markers of oxidative stress, were detected in alveolar epithelium of AFG1-treated @entity19 . Promoted @entity133 in alveolar epithelium and angiogenesis, as well as increased @entity10178 expression were also observed in lung tissues of AFG1-treated @entity19 . Furthermore, we prolonged survival of the @entity19 in the above model for another 6 months to examine the contribution of AFG1-induced chronic @entity32 to lung tumorigenesis. Twelve months later, we observed that AFG1 induced @entity2543 and @entity420 in Balb/c @entity19 . Up-regulation of NF-kB, p- @entity10433 , and @entity10178 was also induced in @entity2220 , thus establishing a link between AFG1-induced chronic @entity32 and lung tumorigenesis. This is the first study to show that oral administration of AFG1 could induce @entity55 , which may provide a pro- @entity5 microenvironment to contribute to lung tumorigenesis.

Oral administration of XXXX induces @entity32 associated with lung tumorigenesis.

@entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity10178 :: ('17709(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['COX-2'] @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung inflammation'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity68472 :: ('MESH:C027955', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin G1'] @entity10433 :: ('20848(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['STAT3'] @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar type II cell (AT-II) proliferation'] @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma'] @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar epithelial hyperplasia'] @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide'] @entity183 :: ('20656(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['SOD-2'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat'] @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis'] @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']
@entity68472 :: (MESH:C027955,Chemical) :: ['aflatoxin G1']
