Continuous intrathecal infusion of analgesic drugs by implantable pumps is recognized as an established treatment option for @entity1 with @entity1118 resistant to oral or parenteral medication. Polyanalgesia, the simultaneous use of more than one intrathecal analgesic drug, is practiced relatively often, but there are only a few published clinical studies on intrathecal polyanalgesia for chronic @entity158 . This pilot study represents a long-term evaluation of a treatment regimen consisting of intrathecal @entity1286 admixed with @entity1341 , @entity1338 , or @entity1363 in @entity1 with @entity615 due to @entity179 . Twenty-six adult @entity1 have been treated by intrathecal programmable pump-controlled infusion of analgesic drugs and followed for up to 3.5 years (27 +/- 11 months). Combination of @entity1286 with a second drug was used in 10 cases, @entity1286 with 2 additional drugs in 12 cases, and @entity1286 with 3 additional drugs in 4 cases. Mean daily doses at 24 months after pump implantation were 6.2 +/- 2.8 mg for @entity1286 , 2.5 +/- 1.5 mg for @entity1341 , 0.06 +/- 0.03 mg for @entity1338 , and 0.8 +/- 0.4 mg for @entity1363 . Nineteen @entity1 reported excellent or good long-term treatment results, 6 @entity1 had sufficient results, and only 1 @entity1 complained of poor therapeutic efficacy. No long-term clinical side effects of intrathecal polyanalgesia were noted. Mean @entity1286 dose had to be increased from 1.2 mg at baseline to 5.1 mg at 24 months due to tolerance development and disease progression. This experience suggests that intrathecal polyanalgesia employing @entity1286 combined with additional nonopioid drugs can have a favorable analgesic efficacy in @entity1 with @entity1118 of spinal origin, and lacks major @entity532 .

Long-term intrathecal infusion of drug combinations for chronic back and leg XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['drug-related complications'] @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine'] @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic nonmalignant back and leg pain'] @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar spinal disease'] @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['nonmalignant pain'] @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine'] @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam'] @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['complex chronic pain', 'chronic pain']
@entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']
