@entity146 due to prenatal smoke exposure was examined in 25 neonates born from smoking mothers who consumed at least 5 cigarettes/d during the entire gestation. Data were compared with 25 matched neonates born from nonsmoking mothers. Neonatal behavior was evaluated using the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (BNBAS). Antenatal exposure to @entity286 smoke at the end of the pregnancy was determined by measurement of urinary @entity4874 . Newborns from smoking mothers showed significant lower scores in various BNBAS items compared with neonates from nonsmoking mothers. A strong correlation was observed between @entity1 @entity146 and urinary @entity4874 in newborns from smoker and nonsmoking mothers and with number of daily smoked cigarettes and maternal @entity1239 daily intake of @entity1 exposed to active maternal smoking. Linear regression analysis showed that urinary @entity4874 was the best predictor of @entity1 @entity146 (r(2) = 0.727). The latter was also associated to the neonate's low level of attention and poor response to inanimate auditory stimuli. Among @entity1 from nonsmoking mothers, paternal smoking significantly correlated with @entity1 urinary @entity4874 and @entity1 @entity146 , being also the best predictor of @entity146 (r(2) = 0.364). Neonatal behavior can be significantly altered in a dose-dependent manner even after modest prenatal exposure to @entity286 smoke.

Neonatal urinary @entity4874 correlates with behavioral alterations in newborns prenatally exposed to XXXX smoke.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant'] @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco'] @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Altered behavior', 'irritability'] @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine'] @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']
@entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']
