UNASSIGNED: @entity5092 is a facultative intracellular pathogen, and is the causative agent of a fatal @entity1 disease known as @entity6588 . @entity5092 is classified as a Category A Biothreat agent by the CDC based on its use in bioweapon programs by several countries in the past and its potential to be used as an agent of bioterrorism. No licensed vaccine is currently available for prevention of @entity6588 . In this study, we used a novel approach for development of a multivalent subunit vaccine against @entity6588 by using an efficient @entity21104 ) based delivery platform. The multivalent subunit vaccine was formulated to contain a combination of F. tularensis protective antigens: OmpA-like protein (OmpA), chaperone protein DnaK and lipoprotein Tul4 from the highly virulent @entity5092 SchuS4 strain. Two different vaccine formulations and immunization schedules were used. The immunized @entity19 were challenged with lethal (10xLD100) doses of @entity5092 LVS on day 28 of the primary immunization and observed daily for morbidity and mortality. Results from this study demonstrate that @entity21104 can be used as a carrier for effective delivery of multiple F. tularensis antigens. @entity21104 -conjugate vaccine formulations are safe and multiple doses can be administered without causing any adverse reactions in immunized @entity19 . Immunization with @entity21104 -conjugated @entity5092 proteins induced a strong humoral immune response and protected @entity19 against respiratory challenges with very high doses of @entity5092 LVS. This study provides a proof-of-concept that @entity21104 can serve as a suitable platform for simultaneous delivery of multiple protective antigens of @entity5092 . Refinement of vaccine formulations coupled with @entity21104 -targeting strategies developed in this study will provide a platform for development of an effective @entity6588 subunit vaccine as well as a vaccination approach that may broadly be applicable to many other bacterial pathogens.

Development of a Multivalent Subunit Vaccine against XXXX Using @entity21104 ) Based Delivery System.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity21104 :: ('12242', 'Species') :: ['tobacco mosaic virus (TMV', 'TMV'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity5092 :: ('263', 'Species') :: ['Francisella tularensis', 'F. tularensis'] @entity6588 :: ('MESH:D014406', 'Disease') :: ['tularemia']
@entity6588 :: (MESH:D014406,Disease) :: ['Tularemia']
