Recent advances in tiling array and high throughput analyses revealed that at least 87.3  % of the @entity1 genome is actively transcribed, though <3  % of the @entity1 genome encodes proteins. This unexpected truth suggests that most of the transcriptome is constituted by noncoding RNA. Among them, high-resolution microarray and massively parallel sequencing analyses identified long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as nonprotein-coding transcripts. lncRNAs are largely polyadenylated and >200 @entity2036 in length transcripts, involved in gene expression through epigenetic and transcriptional regulation, splicing, imprinting and subcellular transport. Although lncRNAs functions are largely uncharacterized, accumulating data indicate that they are involved in fundamental biological functions. Conversely, their dysregulation has increasingly been recognized to contribute to the development and progression of several @entity1 @entity5 , especially @entity2 , which represents the leading cause of @entity5 -related @entity204 worldwide. We conducted a comprehensive review of the published literature focusing on lncRNAs function and disruption in @entity1149 biology, also highlighting their value as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. lncRNAs are involved in NSCLC pathogenesis, modulating fundamental cellular processes such as proliferation, cell growth, apoptosis, migration, stem cell maintenance and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, also serving as signaling transducers, molecular decoys and scaffolds. Also, lncRNAs represent very promising biomarkers in early-stage NSCLC @entity1 and may become particularly useful in noninvasive screening protocols. lncRNAs may be used as predictive biomarkers for chemotherapy and targeted therapies sensitivity. Furthermore, selectively targeting oncogenic lncRNAs could provide a new therapeutic tool in treating NSCLC @entity1 . lncRNAs disruption plays a pivotal role in NSCLC development and progression. These molecules also serve as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Characterization of lncRNA genes and their mechanisms of action will enable us to develop a more comprehensive clinical approach, with the final goal to benefit our @entity1 .

Long noncoding RNAs: new insights into XXXX biology, diagnosis and therapy.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients'] @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies'] @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer'] @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['nonsmall cell lung cancer'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths']
@entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']
