OBJECTIVE: @entity409 in @entity1 suffering from @entity746 ( @entity746 ) are often described but poorly understood. Specifically, research on @entity1 ' ability to flexibly shift between cognitive sets is still scarce and unsystematic. The present study set out to compensate for this lack by providing an in-depth analysis of @entity746 -related set-shifting impairments. METHOD: We first present a quantitative overview of the literature revealing that the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is sensitive to set-shifting impairments in @entity746 . Moreover, we evaluated @entity1 ' performance on a computerized task-switching paradigm modeled after the WCST to elucidate the neurocognitive processes underlying their set-shifting impairments. Twenty-one @entity746 @entity1 and 21 age- and education-matched controls were required to respond to changing task demands while their EEG was being measured. RESULTS: Behavioral results revealed significant set-shifting deficits in @entity1 suffering from @entity746 . @entity51 were accompanied by substantial alterations of event-related brain activity. While switch cues elicited a more positive posterior event-related potential (ERP) waveform than repeat cues in healthy controls, ERP amplitudes did not vary as a function of switching demand in @entity746 @entity1 . Individual differences in posterior switch positivity were reliably associated with @entity1 ' performance on neuropsychological tests of executive functioning. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of switch-related ERP modulations appears to be a sensitive indicator of @entity51 in @entity746 @entity1 . Our results suggest that @entity746 compromises the frontoparietal brain networks involved in anticipatory set-shifting, rendering @entity1 unable to flexibly adapt to changes in environmental contingencies. (PsycINFO Database Record

Impaired set-shifting in XXXX : An event-related potential study of executive function.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['executive deficits', 'Executive deficits'] @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Executive dysfunctions'] @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']
@entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']
