AIMS: Right ventricular (RV) failure is the major cause of @entity204 among @entity1 with @entity120 ( @entity120 ). However, the mechanism of RV failure has not been defined. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study examined mechanisms and consequences of RV myocyte apoptosis and @entity82 in response to @entity120 . @entity35 were injected with @entity21926 (vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor), followed by @entity519 for 3 weeks, and subsequently maintained in normoxia for 2, 5, or 14 weeks (5-, 8-, and 17-week time points after the @entity21926 injection, respectively). RV systolic pressure (RVSP) was elevated to >70 mmHg at 5-week time point, and this pressure was sustained thereafter. Significant RV myocyte apoptosis and @entity82 were observed at 8- and 17-week time points. Apoptosis was associated with downregulated @entity5613 (anti-apoptotic protein), downregulated @entity28430 (transcriptional regulator of @entity5613 ), and upregulated @entity10740 (negative regulator of @entity28430 gene transcription). @entity120 -mediated RV apoptosis and @entity82 were attenuated in @entity10740 knock-out @entity35 . Despite the major loss of cardiomyocytes, RV contractility was enhanced, suggesting that the remaining myocytes can perform improved contractile functions. Improved RV contractility is associated with the increased expression of contractile and sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity141 uptake proteins.  In contrast, the expression of @entity31527 ( @entity31527 ) was downregulated. The siRNA knockdown of @entity31527 improved RV contractility and increased the expression of contractile and @entity141 uptake proteins. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that RV decompensation is associated with the @entity204 of cardiomyocytes, resulting in @entity82 . However, the remaining myocytes are capable of sustaining RV contractility through the mechanism that involves @entity31527 .

Modulators of right ventricular apoptosis and contractility in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity28430 :: ('54254(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GATA4'] @entity10740 :: ('301300(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['p53'] @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis'] @entity31527 :: ('29209(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['calsequestrin 2', 'CSQ2'] @entity141 :: ('CHEBI:29108', 'Chemical') :: ['Ca(2+)'] @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['PAH', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension'] @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxia'] @entity21926 :: ('MESH:C116890', 'Chemical') :: ['SU5416'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Rats', 'rats'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death'] @entity5613 :: ('24888(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Bcl-xL']
@entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']
