OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the outcomes after craniotomies for brain @entity3 in a modern series using image-guided technologies either in the regular operating room or in the intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging unit. METHODS: Neurosurgical outcomes were analyzed for 49 @entity1 who underwent 55 image-guided craniotomies for excision of brain @entity3 during a 5-year period. @entity5 were located in critical and noncritical function regions of the brain. A total of 23 craniotomies for @entity5 in critical brain were performed using intravenous sedation anesthesia; craniotomies for noncritical function brain regions were completed under general anesthesia. The @entity1 were also divided into Radiation Therapy Oncology Group recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) classes on the basis of age, Karnofsky Performance Scale scores, state of @entity66 , and presence or absence of extracranial @entity3 . RESULTS: There was no perioperative mortality. Gross total resection, as verified by postoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, was achieved in 96% of @entity1 . The median anesthesia time was 4.25 hours, and the median length of hospital stay was 3 days. In 51 symptomatic cases, there was complete resolution of symptoms in 70% (n = 36), improvement in 14% (n = 7), and no change in 12% (n = 6) postoperatively. No @entity1 who was neurologically intact preoperatively deteriorated after surgery, and 93% of @entity1 maintained or improved their functional status. Only two @entity1 (3.6%) with significant @entity51 had increased long-term deficits postoperatively. The mean follow-up was 1 year, and the local recurrence rate was 16%. The median survival of the entire group was 16.23 months (17.5 mo in RPA Class I, 22.9 mo in RPA Class II, and 9.8 mo in RPA Class III). CONCLUSION: Gross total resection of brain @entity3 , including those involving critical function areas, can be safely achieved with a low morbidity rate using contemporary image-guided systems. RPA Class I and II @entity1 with controlled @entity66 benefit from aggressive treatment by surgery and radiation.

Image-guided craniotomy for cerebral XXXX : techniques and outcomes.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'tumors'] @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative deficits'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']
@entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']
