Accurate diagnosis and timely management are crucial to avoid an ischaemic consequence in @entity2407 . There is, however, no objective classification of this disorder which guides surgical planning in refractory cases. We propose a new classification system to achieve this. From 2003 to 2009, we treated 178 @entity1 (351 hands) who underwent surgical intervention due to an ischaemic consequence. We analysed the angiographic features of the arterial supply of the hand at three levels: (1) radial or ulnar, (2) palmar arch and common digital and (3) digital vessels. Subsequent surgical interventions were tailored according to disease types, and these included combinations of: digital sympathectomy, balloon angioplasty and end-to-end interposition venous or arterial grafting. We classified @entity2407 into six types: type I and II involve the radial or ulnar arteries. Type I (27.3%) showed complete occlusion, while type II (26.2%) involved partial occlusion. Type IIIa (27.1%) showed tortuous, narrowed or stenosed common digital and digital vessels. Type IIIb (1.4%) is a subset which involved the digital vessel of the index finger related to exposure to prolonged vibration. Type IV and V showed global involvement from the main to digital vessels. Type IV (13.7%) showed diffused tortuosity, @entity543 and @entity850 . Type V (4.3%) is the most severe, with paucity of vessels and very scant flow. Nearly half (47%) of the @entity1 had associated @entity262 . This new classification provides objective and valuable information for decision making regarding choice of surgical procedures for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity2407 which had failed conservative therapy.

Classification of XXXX based on angiographic features.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease'] @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's disease"] @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis'] @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['narrowing']
@entity2407 :: (MESH:D011928,Disease) :: ['Raynaud's disease']
