OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between incidence of @entity11173 and immunization coverage among preschool-age @entity1 . DESIGN: An ecological study in which @entity11173 incidence was compared with immunization coverage among census tracts. The independent effects of race and population density were controlled for. SETTING: A recent @entity11173 outbreak in Milwaukee, Wis. Immunization coverage data were estimated from a retrospective, school-based survey of Milwaukee grade school students. @entity1 : One thousand eleven @entity1 (less than or equal to 17 years) who had confirmed @entity11173 from September 1989 through June 1990. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Confirmed @entity11173 cases grouped by census tract, corresponding census tract preoutbreak immunization coverage, racial breakdown, and population density. RESULTS: Census tracts stratified into four levels, with mean immunization rates of 50.4%, 60.2%, 69.9%, and 81.0%, had respective median attack rates of 11.6, 5.0, 1.7, and 0.0 cases per 1000 @entity1 (P less than .01). The association between immunization coverage and @entity11173 attack rate remained significant even after controlling for race and population density. CONCLUSIONS: Modest improvements in low levels of immunization coverage among 2-year-olds confer substantial protection against @entity11173 outbreaks. Coverage of 80% or less may be sufficient to prevent sustained @entity11173 outbreaks in an urban community.

Measles herd immunity. The association of attack rates with immunization rates in preschool XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'persons', 'children'] @entity11173 :: ('MESH:D008457', 'Disease') :: ['measles']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']
