BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are members of the interleukin-1 receptor family and transduce similar signals as interleukin-1 receptor in response to exogenous pathogens. Recent studies have demonstrated that TLRs are activated by endogenous signals, such as @entity1457 proteins and oxidative stress, that may contribute to ventricular remodeling after @entity583 . In this study, we determined whether @entity8932 was involved in cardiac remodeling after @entity583 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity583 was induced by surgical left anterior descending coronary artery ligation on @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 and @entity8932 -knockout (KO) @entity19 . The survival rate was significantly higher in KO @entity19 than in @entity164 @entity19 4 weeks after @entity583 (65% versus 43%, P<0.03). @entity1188 size and degree of @entity32 in @entity1188 area were similar between @entity164 and KO @entity19 . However, @entity296 in the noninfarct area of KO @entity19 was much less than in @entity164 @entity19 (P<0.01) and was accompanied by reduced @entity641 and collagen type 1 mRNA expressions (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Left ventricular dimensions at end diastole were smaller in KO @entity19 than in @entity164 @entity19 at 1 week (P<0.05) and 4 weeks (P<0.01) after surgery. Furthermore, fractional shortening was higher (27.7+/-2.5% versus 21.2+/-2.6%, P<0.05, at 1 week, and 24.3+/-2.0% versus 16.6+/-2.5%, P<0.01, at 4 weeks) in KO @entity19 compared with @entity164 @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity8932 plays an important role in ventricular remodeling after @entity583 .

@entity8932 modulates ventricular remodeling after XXXX .

@entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration'] @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock'] @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta1'] @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct'] @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['WT', 'wild-type'] @entity8932 :: ('24088(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TLR-2'] @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']
@entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']
