Since their discovery in 1981, the cardiac natriuretic peptides (cNP) atrial natriuretic peptide (also referred to as atrial natriuretic factor) and brain natriuretic peptide have been well characterised in terms of their renal and cardiovascular actions. In addition, it has been shown that cNP plasma levels are strong predictors of cardiovascular events and mortality in populations with no apparent @entity299 as well as in @entity1 with established cardiac pathology. cNP secretion from the heart is increased by humoral and mechanical stimuli. The clinical significance of cNP plasma levels has been shown to differ in @entity28 and non- @entity28 subjects. Recent lines of evidence suggest important metabolic effects of the cNP system, which has been shown to activate lipolysis, enhance lipid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration. Clinically, these properties lead to browning of white adipose tissue and to increased muscular oxidative capacity. In @entity1 association studies in @entity1 without @entity299 higher cNP concentrations were observed in lean, insulin-sensitive subjects. Highly elevated cNP levels are generally observed in @entity1 with @entity712 or @entity101 , while @entity28 and type-2 diabetics display reduced cNP levels. Together, these observations suggest that the cNP system plays a role in the pathophysiology of @entity209 . Understanding this role should help define novel principles in the treatment of @entity66 .

INTERACTING DISCIPLINES: Cardiac natriuretic peptides and XXXX : perspectives from an endocrinologist and a cardiologist.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients'] @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['systolic heart failure'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure'] @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic disease'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease'] @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic vascular disease']
@entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']
