OBJECTIVE: Despite advances in surgical techniques, @entity149 after cardiopulmonary bypass remains a common and serious complication. We have previously demonstrated that @entity1 with @entity149 have unique genetic responses 6 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass when compared with normal @entity1 . We used genomic microarray to objectively investigate whether @entity1 with @entity149 had associated preoperative gene expression profiles and how these profiles changed up to 4 days after surgery. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery underwent neurocognitive assessments preoperatively and 4 days after surgery. Skeletal muscle was collected intraoperatively. Whole blood collected before cardiopulmonary bypass, 6 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass, and on postoperative day 4 was hybridized to Affymetrix Gene Chip U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays (Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, @entity2948 ). Gene expression in @entity1 with @entity149 was compared with gene expression in the normal group using JMP Genomics (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC). Only genes that were commonly expressed in the 2 groups with a false discovery rate of 0.05 and a fold change greater than 1.5 were carried forward to pathway analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Ingenuity Systems, Redwood City, @entity2948 ). Microarray gene expression was validated by Green real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. RESULTS: @entity149 developed in 17 of 42 @entity1 . A total of 54,675 common transcripts were identified on microarray in each group across all time points. Preoperatively, there were 140 genes that were significantly altered between the normal and @entity149 groups (P  <  .05). Pathway analysis demonstrated that preoperatively, @entity1 with @entity149 had increased regulation in genes associated with @entity32 , cell death, and @entity51 . Of note, the number of significantly regulated genes between the 2 groups changed over each time point and decreased from 140 preoperatively to 64 six hours after cardiopulmonary bypass and to 25 four days after surgery. There was no correlation in gene expression between the blood and the skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 in whom @entity149 developed after cardiopulmonary bypass had increased differential gene expression before surgery versus @entity1 in whom @entity149 did not develop. Although significant differences in gene expression also existed postoperatively, these differences gradually decreased over time. Preoperative gene expression may be associated with @entity16 after cardiopulmonary bypass. Further investigation into these genetic pathways may help predict @entity1 outcome and guide @entity1 selection.

Preoperative gene expression may be associated with XXXX after cardiopulmonary bypass.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity2948 :: ('9337', 'Gene') :: ['Calif'] @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury'] @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['Neurocognitive decline', 'neurocognitive decline'] @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic dysfunction']
@entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['neurocognitive decline']
