BACKGROUND: The ARE insertion/deletion polymorphism of @entity33803 has been associated with variation in glycaemic parameters and prevalence of @entity6 . We have investigated its role in age of diagnosis, body weight and glycaemic control in 1,950 individuals with @entity164 2 @entity6 in Tayside, Scotland, and compared the ARE2 allele frequencies with 1,014 local schoolchildren. RESULTS: @entity1 homozygous for the rarer allele (ARE2) were younger at diagnosis than @entity10065 homozygotes (p = 0.008). Conversely, @entity1 ARE2 homozygotes were diagnosed later than @entity10065 homozygotes (p = 0.036). Thus, @entity1 possessing the rarer (ARE2) allele were diagnosed with @entity164 2 @entity6 earlier than @entity1 (p < 0.000001). In contrast, there was no difference in age of diagnosis by gender in those individuals carrying only the common @entity10065 variant. Furthermore, although there was no difference in the frequency between the @entity1 and the @entity164 2 diabetic population overall, marked differences in allele frequencies were noted by gender and age-of diagnosis. The ARE2 allele frequency in early diagnosed males (diagnosed earlier than the first quartile of the overall ages at diagnosis) was higher than that found in both later diagnosed males and healthy @entity1 (p = 0.021 and p = 0.03 respectively). By contrast, the frequency in early diagnosed females was significantly lower than later diagnosed females and that found in @entity1 (p = 0.021 and p = 0.037). Comparison of the male to female ratios at different ages-diagnosed confirms a known phenomenon that @entity1 are much more prone to early @entity164 2 @entity6 than @entity1 . When this feature was examined by the common @entity10065 /1 genotype we found that the male to female ratio remained at unity with all ages of diagnosis, however, carriers of the ARE2 variant displayed a marked preponderance of early male diagnosis (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The ARE2 allele of @entity33803 is associated with a male preponderance to early diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 . Susceptibility to @entity164 2 @entity6 in later life is not modulated by the ARE2 allele in either sex.

Male preponderance in early diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 is associated with the ARE insertion/deletion polymorphism in the XXXX locus.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'children', 'Men'] @entity10065 :: ('6293', 'Gene') :: ['ARE 1', 'ARE1'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes'] @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['type'] @entity33803 :: ('5506', 'Gene') :: ['PPP1R3A']
@entity33803 :: (5506,Gene) :: ['PPP1R3A']
