OBJECTIVE: To examine the potential of chronic severe @entity2348 to generate rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), by studying @entity1 with @entity4595 ( @entity4595 ) alone and @entity4595 @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity4595 / @entity309 ). METHODS: We studied 122 @entity1 with @entity4595 alone, 50 @entity1 with @entity4595 / @entity309 , and 50 @entity309 @entity1 without @entity358 , as well as 87 @entity1 with @entity565 and 79 healthy subjects as controls. RF levels were measured using an automated analyzer, and @entity31742 ( @entity31742 ) was used to detect ACPAs. The fine specificities of @entity5809 ( @entity5809 ), Cit- @entity2277 , and Cit-fibrinogen to their @entity369 -containing control peptides ( @entity369 -containing a-enolase peptide 1 [ @entity69223 ], @entity2277 , and fibrinogen) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Among the @entity4595 @entity1 and control subjects, 39% and 42%, respectively, were ever-smokers. The frequency of RF positivity in serum was increased in @entity4595 @entity1 compared with controls (25% versus 10%), as were the frequencies of antibodies to @entity31742 (5% versus 0%), @entity5809 (7% versus 4%), Cit- @entity2277 (7% versus 4%), and Cit-fibrinogen (12% versus 4%), although only the differences for RF and Cit-fibrinogen were significant (P < 0.05). We observed a corresponding increase in the frequency of antibodies to the @entity369 -containing control peptides in @entity4595 @entity1 compared with controls (for @entity69223 , 19% versus 4% [P < 0.01]; for @entity2277 , 16% versus 4% [P < 0.05]), demonstrating that the @entity7134 response in @entity1 with @entity4595 is not citrulline specific. The lack of @entity7792 specificity was further confirmed by absorption studies. In @entity4595 / @entity309 @entity1 , all @entity7134 responses were highly citrulline specific. CONCLUSION: Bronchiectasis is an unusual but potent model for the induction of autoimmunity in @entity309 by @entity2348 in the lung. Our study suggests that the @entity7134 response is not citrulline specific during the early stages of tolerance breakdown but becomes more specific in @entity1 with @entity4595 in whom @entity4595 / @entity309 develops.

Bronchiectasis is a Model for Chronic @entity2348 Inducing Autoimmunity in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity7792 :: ('CHEBI:16349', 'Chemical') :: ['citrulline'] @entity69223 :: ('1121', 'Gene') :: ['REP-1'] @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma'] @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection'] @entity5809 :: ('11064', 'Gene') :: ['CEP-1', 'citrullinated a-enolase peptide 1'] @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease'] @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['BR', 'bronchiectasis'] @entity2277 :: ('7431', 'Gene') :: ['vimentin'] @entity7134 :: ('5657', 'Gene') :: ['ACPA'] @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine'] @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA'] @entity31742 :: ('MESH:C536207', 'Disease') :: ['CCP-2', 'cyclic citrullinated peptide 2']
@entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']
