OBJECTIVES: To assess in a large prospective study whether @entity1 who used permanent hair dye, especially dark dye for many years, experienced increased @entity204 rates from @entity5 that have been associated with hair dye use in some previous reports. METHODS: In 1982, 547,586 @entity1 provided information on use of permanent hair dye and other lifestyle factors when enrolled in an American @entity5 Society (ACS) prospective study. We extended mortality follow-up from 7 to 12 years. Using Cox proportional hazards modeling we compared @entity204 rates from @entity5 among @entity1 according to their hair dye use at baseline with @entity204 rates in unexposed @entity1 . RESULTS: The adjusted @entity204 rate from all @entity5 combined was marginally lower among @entity1 who ever used hair dye than nonusers (relative risk [RR] = 0.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9-1.0). Mortality from all @entity5 was marginally higher among users than nonusers (RR = 1.1; CI = 1.0-1.2), and increased with an index that combined duration of use and darker coloration (test of trend p = 0.02). @entity1 who used black or brown dye for 10 or more years experienced somewhat higher @entity204 rates from @entity1893 and (for black dye only) @entity1582 . The temporal increase in @entity204 rates from @entity1893 and @entity1582 between 1982-88 and 1989-94 was similar for @entity1 in our study who never used hair dyes to the increase among all US @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: If prolonged use of dark permanent hair dyes contributes to @entity204 rates from @entity1893 and @entity1582 , then the increase is small and difficult to detect reliably even in large prospective studies. The use of permanent hair dye is unlikely to be a major contributor to the temporal rise in @entity1893 and @entity1582 in the US.

Deaths from XXXX in relation to permanent hair dye use in a large prospective study (United States).

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'hematopoietic cancers', 'hematopoietic and other cancers', 'Cancer'] @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma'] @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death']
@entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic and other cancers']
