BACKGROUND/AIMS: In @entity409 , reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are involved in cell @entity204 and @entity99 , but the mechanisms are not completely elucidated. To elucidate the mechanisms of hepatocyte cell @entity204 induced by the ROS @entity224 anions and @entity273 , primary cultures of hepatocytes were exposed to the @entity224 anion donor @entity8197 (10-50 micromol/L) or @entity274 (1-5 mmol/L). Hepatocytes were also treated with caspases and MAPKs inhibitors, @entity224 dismutase ( @entity970 -SOD) and SNAP, a @entity842 donor. Apoptosis was determined by measuring @entity8187 , -6, -3 activation and cleaved @entity9190 , and @entity39 cell @entity204 by Sytox Green staining. RESULTS: (1) @entity8197 (50 micromol/L) induces @entity4675 phosphorylation, @entity8187 , -6, -3 activation, @entity9190 cleavage and apoptosis. @entity224 anions-induced apoptosis is dependent on @entity4675 activity. @entity8197 (50 micromol/L) induces the phosphorylation of @entity1366 and this attenuates cell @entity204 . (2) @entity274 increases @entity39 cell @entity204 at high concentration or when @entity274 detoxification is impaired. @entity274 does not activate MAPKs signalling. (3) @entity970 -SOD prevents @entity1366 -, @entity4675 - phosphorylation, caspase activation and apoptosis induced by @entity8197 . @entity2041 depletion increases @entity8197 -induced apoptosis. (4) SNAP abolishes @entity8197 -induced apoptosis but increases @entity39 cell @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: In normal hepatocytes, @entity224 anions-induced caspase activation and apoptosis is dependent on @entity4675 activity and totally abolished by @entity224 scavengers.

XXXX anions and @entity273 induce hepatocyte @entity204 by different mechanisms: involvement of @entity4675 and ERK MAP kinases.

@entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury'] @entity274 :: ('CHEBI:16240', 'Chemical') :: ['H2O2'] @entity970 :: ('CHEBI:46793', 'Chemical') :: ['PEG'] @entity8197 :: ('MESH:D024483', 'Chemical') :: ['Menadione', 'menadione'] @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases'] @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutathione'] @entity8187 :: ('842', 'Gene') :: ['caspase-9'] @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide'] @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide'] @entity4675 :: ('5599', 'Gene') :: ['JNK'] @entity9190 :: ('1302', 'Gene') :: ['PARP'] @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['Superoxide', 'superoxide'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death'] @entity1366 :: ('5595;5594', 'Gene') :: ['ERK1/2']
@entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['Superoxide']
