UNASSIGNED: Malignant @entity1313 rank second in both incidence and mortality by @entity5 in @entity1 , and they are the leading cause of @entity5 in @entity1 . Relatively little is known about the etiology of @entity1313 ( @entity1313 ). While there are several studies which link pesticide exposure to increased risk of @entity1313 , findings have been inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis on 15 published epidemiological studies to test that in utero exposure to pesticides may be involved in the development of @entity1313 in @entity1 . Meta-analysis was performed using the general variance-based method and homogeneity was tested by means of the Q statistic. Summary relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated for childhood @entity1313 from (1) paternal exposure to pesticides prior to conception, (2) both maternal and paternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy, (3) maternal exposure during pregnancy to: (a) agricultural and (b) non-agricultural activities, and (4) childhood exposure to: (a) agricultural and (b) nonagricultural activities up to date of diagnosis with @entity1313 . The comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD) was used to identify gene-pesticide- @entity1313 interactions. Findings of meta-analyses revealed a significantly increased risk of @entity1313 among @entity1 whose mothers had farm-related exposures during pregnancy (RR=1.48, 95% CI=1.18-1.84). A dose response was recognized when this risk estimate was compared to those for risk of @entity1313 from maternal exposure to non-agricultural pesticides (e.g., home extermination, pest strips) during pregnancy (RR=1.36, 1.10-1.68), and risk of @entity1313 among @entity1 exposed to agricultural activities (RR=1.32, 1.04-1.67). Three studies combined for the paternal exposure to pesticides during preconception produced a calculated summary risk estimate of odds ratio (OR) = 2.29 (95% CI: 1.39-3.78). Meta-analysis of five studies of paternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy produced a final calculated summary risk estimate of OR = 1.63 (95% CI: 1.16-2.31). The search of the CTD databases revealed association between herbicide and @entity816 and more than 300 genes are altered by exposure to herbicide, fungicide, insecticide or pesticides. In summary, comparing results from our categories of exposure, preconception and pregnancy exposure estimates were slightly higher than childhood exposure estimates, paternal exposures produced slightly higher risk estimates compared to maternal exposures, agricultural exposures produced slightly higher risk estimates compared to non-agricultural exposures and CTD search revealed potential genes-pesticides- @entity816 interactions. Based on the collective results of these meta-analyses, it appears that pesticide exposure may increase risk of @entity1313 , with preconception and prenatal exposures being especially important factors in increasing risk of its development. Interestingly, paternal exposure may be as important, if not more important than maternal exposures, particularly during the preconception period. Whether this is a result of paternal exposures being more prevalent than maternal exposures or the consequence of a biological process, is a question that deserves further attention in future investigations of @entity1313 etiology.

INCREASED RISK OF CHILDHOOD BRAIN TUMORS AMONG XXXX WHOSE PARENTS HAD FARM-RELATED PESTICIDE EXPOSURES DURING PREGNANCY.

@entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer death', 'cancer'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children'] @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma'] @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['CBT', 'brain cancer', 'childhood brain tumor', 'brain tumors']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['CHILDREN']
