OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of age-related intracranial changes on the potential outcome of @entity21 and acute subdural @entity1410 under rotational head loading. METHODS: A simulation-based parametric study was conducted using an updated and validated finite element model of a @entity35 head. The validation included a comparison of predicted brain cortex sliding with respect to the skull. Further, model material properties were modified to account for aging; predicted tissue strains were compared with experimental data in which groups of @entity35 in 2 different lifecycle stages, young adult and mature adult, were subjected to rotational @entity130 . For the parameter study, 2 age-dependent factors-brain volume and region-specific brain material properties-were implemented into the model. The models young adult and old age were subjected to several injurious and subinjurious sagittal plane rotational acceleration levels. RESULTS: Sequential analysis of the simulated @entity130 progression indicates that an increase in acute subdural @entity130 risk indicator occurs at an early stage of the @entity130 , whereas an increase in @entity21 risk indicators occurs at a later stage. Tissue stiffening from young adult to mature adult @entity35 produced an increase in strain-based thresholds accompanied by a wider spread of strain distribution toward the rear part of the brain, consistent with rotational @entity130 experiments with young adult and mature adult @entity35 . Young adult to old age brain tissue softening and @entity1010 resulted in an increase in @entity21 and acute subdural @entity130 risk indicators, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The findings presented in this study suggest that age-specific injury thresholds should be developed to enable the development of superior restraint systems for the elderly. The findings also motivate other further studies on age-dependency of @entity542 .

Effect of aging on brain injury prediction in rotational XXXX -a parameter study with a @entity35 finite element model.

@entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma'] @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy'] @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematoma'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'rats'] @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse axonal injuries', 'diffuse axonal injury'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['hematoma injury', 'trauma']
@entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head trauma']
