Objective: The perioperative stress response of @entity1 who were scheduled to have percutaneous nephrolithotomy under epidural anaesthesia with opioids and local anaesthetics has not been investigated in detail yet. Our hypothesis is that the stress response following percutaneous nephrolithotomy can be lessened by epidural analgesia. Methods: A total of 48 @entity1 , between 18-65 years of age and ASA I-II, for whom elective percutaneous nephrolithotomy was planned, were randomly divided into two groups namely: Group GA (n = 24): general anaesthesia by @entity2614 and @entity3575 and postoperative intravenous PCA; Group GE (n = 24): epidural anaesthesia and general anaesthesia together with postoperative epidural analgesia (0.125% @entity1343 + @entity3575 ). Blood levels for @entity413 , insulin, prolactin and @entity701 were evaluated prior to anaesthesia, after @entity954 , immediately following percutaneous dilatation and postoperative 24(th) hour. Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters and @entity282 scores together with preoperative and postoperative hematocrit values were recorded. Results: @entity282 scores were found to be statistically significantly lower (p < 0.05) in Group GE at all measurement times. Intraoperative @entity190 was statistically significantly lower in Group GE (p = 0.011). When hemodynamic parameters were compared, at all time intervals except baseline measurement, blood pressure and heart rate were significantly lower in Group GE (p < 0.05). Levels of stress hormones, @entity413 , @entity701 , insulin and prolactin remained significantly lower in Group GE. Conclusion: We think that epidural anaesthesia, performed in addition to general anaesthesia, may be a comfortable anaesthesia method with its suppressive effects on intraoperative and postoperative stress response together with reduced @entity158 scores in the postoperative period.

The Effect of Epidural XXXX and @entity3575 on Stress Response and Pain Management in @entity1 Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical incision'] @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss'] @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine'] @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain'] @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane'] @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain'] @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']
@entity1343 :: (MESH:C476513,Chemical) :: ['Levobupivacaine']
