High @entity167 sensitivity common among Orientals is mainly due to genetic polymorphism in the low K(m) @entity264 dehydrogenase ( @entity6921 ) gene. The relation of the @entity6921 genotype to @entity167 sensitivity and drinking behavior was investigated in a Japanese occupational population. The frequency of @entity167 -associated symptoms generally increased in the order of the typical homozygote, heterozygote, and atypical homozygote. Both drinking frequency and amounts of @entity167 consumption were also significantly affected by the polymorphism. Polymorphism in the @entity167 dehydrogenase beta-subunit ( @entity5873 gene) appeared to contribute to skin flushing post- @entity167 exposure but not to @entity167 drinking behavior. Multivariate analysis revealed that high @entity167 consumption, the @entity6921 *1/*1 genotype, and high daily hassles levels significantly contribute to the prevalence of those with a high problem-drinking score in an occupational population. In the study to assess the effects of the @entity6921 polymorphism and @entity167 use on the induction of chromosome alterations in peripheral lymphocytes, we found that lymphocytes from habitual drinkers with the atypical @entity6921 genotypes had significantly higher frequencies of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) than those from the typical @entity6921 genotype. We also measured @entity3094 reversibly bound to hemoglobin (HbAA). In volunteers with the @entity6921 *1/*2 genotype, the HbAA levels increased immediately after the drink and the elevated levels persisted up to 48 h. Among male workers, HbAA levels were significantly correlated with the recent @entity167 consumption levels in both the @entity6921 *1/*1 and @entity6921 *1/*2 genotypes. However, the slope was much steeper in the @entity6921 *1/*2 than in the @entity6921 *1/*1. SCE and HbAA may be utilized as a good biomarker for health problems in the atypical @entity6921 genotype. Further extensive studies are required for evaluation of the interactive effects of genetic and environmental factors on @entity167 -related health problems.

[Genetic factors which regulate XXXX drinking behavior and their effects on health status].

@entity5873 :: ('125', 'Gene') :: ['ADH2'] @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol'] @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde'] @entity6921 :: ('217', 'Gene') :: ['ALDH2'] @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']
@entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']
