BACKGROUND: Cardiac surgery for @entity299 is complicated by hemodynamic instability secondary to @entity4303 crises, @entity65 , and @entity190 . The safety of vasopressors and the benefit of aprotinin during concomitant @entity2390 administration are uncertain. METHODS: We reviewed the effects of vasopressors and aprotinin on @entity2390 administration and mortality by univariate analysis in 100 consecutive cases of cardiac surgery for @entity299 from 1985 to 2003. Because mortality declines were temporally related to the introduction of aprotinin, bivariate analyses were performed to identify other factors associated with mortality. RESULTS: @entity1109 and @entity551 were treated with @entity2390 (n = 89) and/or vasopressors (n = 93). Vasopressors were not associated with increased @entity2390 administration. @entity1 requiring epinephrine had higher mortality but also had worse preoperative New York Heart Association class, higher urinary @entity1130 levels, and increased blood transfusion requirements. Aprotinin (n = 54) was associated with decreased blood transfusion requirements, increased @entity2390 administration, but not mortality. Overall mortality was 13%, declining from 28% between 1985 and 1994 to 6% between 1995 and 2003. Mortality was associated with greater blood transfusion requirements and longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass. CONCLUSIONS: Vasopressors may be used in conjunction with @entity2390 in @entity4303 @entity1 . The increased mortality associated with epinephrine likely reflects selection bias rather than a primary adverse effect. The improved survival over time in @entity4303 @entity1 is multifactorial and unrelated to aprotinin administration, suggesting further inhibition of the kallikrein-kinin system has little added benefit for this outcome in the presence of @entity2390 .

Intraoperative management of @entity1 with XXXX having valvular surgery: a review of one hundred consecutive cases.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss'] @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoid symptoms'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid heart disease'] @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid'] @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide'] @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid'] @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular dysfunction']
@entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['carcinoid heart disease']
