OBJECTIVE: Heavy @entity167 drinking is associated with increased prevalence of systemic @entity101 ( @entity101 ), but the relationship between moderate drinking and @entity101 remains unclear. We explored the possible role of underreporting among moderate drinkers. METHOD: In a cross-sectional analysis of 105,378 @entity1 , we defined a subset among @entity1 reporting three or fewer drinks per day that was likely to include a disproportionate number of underreporters. This subset included @entity1 who, on another occasion, indicated intake of three or more drinks per day or who ever had a diagnosis of an @entity167 -related condition; these @entity1 are called "positive." @entity1 who never reported three or more drinks per day and who had no @entity167 -related diagnosis were called "negative." Logistic regression models estimated the odds ratios (ORs) for prevalent @entity101 (140/90 mm Hg or greater) in the positive and negative subgroups, compared with lifelong abstainers as referent. All @entity1 and four race-gender groups were studied, and they were controlled for age, education, smoking, and body mass index. We also studied the relationship of blood liver transaminase enzyme levels in the positive and negative subgroups at specific @entity167 intake strata. RESULTS: For @entity1 reporting one to two drinks per day, the OR (95% confidence interval) of @entity101 was 1.32 (1.21-1.43) for positive @entity1 and 1.16 (1.09-1.25) for negative @entity1 . For those reporting less than one drink per day, the ORs were 0.97 (0.89-1.06) for positives and 0.92 (0.87-0.98) for negatives. For those reporting one to two drinks per day, positive/negative comparisons showed approximately a 75% increased prevalence of high liver transaminase enzymes. For those reporting less than one drink per day, the positive/negative difference was approximately 30%. CONCLUSION: In these data, increased prevalence of @entity101 among @entity1 reporting one to two drinks per day appears to be partially due to underreporting of @entity167 intake.

Higher prevalence of systemic XXXX among moderate @entity167 drinkers: an exploration of the role of underreporting.

@entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'persons'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'HTN']
@entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']
