PURPOSE: Antibiotics suppress normal gut flora, allowing overgrowth of acquired or native @entity2718 , with release of toxins that cause @entity32 . Oral @entity868 is used to treat antibiotic-associated @entity1960 ( @entity8307 ). This study was designed to determine whether oral @entity868 , as part of preoperative bowel preparation, prevents or decreases incidence of antibiotic-associated @entity1960 after elective colonic and rectal procedures. METHODS: Eighty-two @entity1 (40 @entity1 ) were prospectively, randomly assigned to receive one of two oral antibiotic regimens before colorectal surgery. All @entity1 underwent mechanical bowel preparation with @entity968 -electrolyte lavage solution before administration of oral antibiotics. Group 1 (n = 42) @entity1 received three doses (1 g/dose) of @entity5154 and @entity2929 . Group 2 (n = 40) @entity1 received three doses (1 g/dose) of @entity5154 and @entity868 . Both groups received one preoperative and three postoperative doses of intravenous @entity12092 (2 g/dose). Both groups had stool samples tested for @entity2718 toxin in the preoperative and postoperative periods by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay or by tissue culture @entity137 . @entity1 with preoperative stool studies positive for @entity2718 were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Treatment groups were not different for age, gender, or surgical procedure. Mean age +/- 1 standard deviation was 67.6 +/- 13.6 (range, 34-94) years in Group 1 and 62.1 +/- 13.5 (range, 35-84) years in Group 2 (P = 0.069). Mean length of hospital stay +/- 1 standard deviation was 9.76 +/- 4.9 (range, 4-28) days for Group 1 and 8.05 +/- 2.6 (range, 3-14) days for Group 2 (P = 0.053). Five @entity1 in Group 1 ( @entity5154 and @entity2929 ) and one @entity1 in Group 2 ( @entity5154 and @entity868 ) had positive stool studies for @entity2718 . Relative risk of colonization with @entity2718 in Group 1 was 4.76 times that in Group 2 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.581, 39). This difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.202). There were no significant differences in @entity2718 colonization rates with respect to age, length of stay, or gender. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that there may be a clinical association between use of @entity868 preoperatively and inhibition of intestinal colonization by @entity2718 in this @entity1 population undergoing colonic and rectal surgery.

@entity868 may inhibit intestinal colonization with XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal inflammation'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity'] @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole'] @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin'] @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous colitis'] @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis'] @entity12092 :: ('MESH:D015313', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotetan'] @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin'] @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile'] @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']
@entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']
