BACKGROUND: @entity130 ( @entity130 ) may be reversible, yet there are currently no clinical imaging tools to detect axonal recovery in @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ). We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to characterize serial changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) within @entity130 lesions of the corpus callosum (CC). We hypothesized that recovery of FA within a @entity130 lesion correlates with better functional outcome. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent both an acute DTI scan ( <=day 7) and a subacute DTI scan (day 14 to inpatient rehabilitation discharge) at a single institution were retrospectively analyzed. @entity130 lesions were manually traced on the acute diffusion-weighted images. Fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), @entity5221 ( @entity5221 ), and radial diffusivity (RD) were measured within the @entity130 lesions at each time point. FA recovery was defined by a longitudinal increase in CC FA that exceeded the coefficient of variation for FA based on values from healthy controls. Acute FA, ADC, @entity5221 , and RD were compared in lesions with and without FA recovery, and correlations were tested between lesional FA recovery and functional recovery, as determined by disability rating scale score at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. RESULTS: Eleven @entity130 lesions were identified in 7 @entity1 . DTI detected FA recovery within 2 of 11 @entity130 lesions. Acute FA, ADC, @entity5221 , and RD did not differ between lesions with and without FA recovery. Lesional FA recovery did not correlate with disability rating scale scores. CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective longitudinal study, we provide initial evidence that FA can recover within @entity130 lesions. However, FA recovery did not correlate with improved functional outcomes. Prospective histopathological and clinical studies are needed to further elucidate whether lesional FA recovery indicates axonal healing and has prognostic significance.

Longitudinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging Detects Recovery of Fractional Anisotropy Within XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury'] @entity5221 :: ('MESH:C537792', 'Disease') :: ['axial diffusivity', 'AD'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic axonal injury', 'TAI']
@entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Axonal Injury Lesions']
