The @entity3392 heart has the capacity to regenerate after ventricular resection. Although this regeneration model has proved useful for the elucidation of certain regeneration mechanisms, it is based on the removal of heart tissue rather than its damage. Here, we characterize the cellular response and regenerative capacity of the @entity3392 heart after cryoinjury, an alternative procedure that more closely models the pathophysiological process undergone by the @entity1 heart after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Localized damage was induced in 25% of the ventricle by cryocauterization (CC). During the first 24 hours post-injury, CC leads to cardiomyocyte @entity204 within the injured area and the near coronary vasculature. Cell @entity204 is followed by a rapid proliferative response in endocardium, epicardium and @entity1562 . During the first 3 weeks post-injury cell debris was cleared and the injured area replaced by a massive scar. The fibrotic tissue was subsequently degraded and replaced by cardiac tissue. Although animals survived CC, their hearts showed nonhomogeneous ventricular contraction and had a thickened ventricular wall, suggesting that regeneration is associated with processes resembling @entity1 ventricular remodeling after @entity583 . Our results provide the first evidence that, like @entity1 hearts, teleost hearts undergo massive @entity82 after @entity299 . Unlike mammals, however, the fish heart can progressively eliminate the scar and regenerate the lost @entity1562 , indicating that scar formation is compatible with myocardial regeneration and the existence of endogenous mechanisms of scar regression. This finding suggests that CC-induced damage in @entity3392 could provide a valuable model for the study of the mechanisms of scar @entity583 .

Extensive scar formation and regression during heart regeneration after cryoinjury in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human'] @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis'] @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac damage'] @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'removal post-MI'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death'] @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['zebrafish']
@entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']
