UNASSIGNED: The present study was undertaken to characterize the genetic variation present in lymphoxin A gene (LTA gene) encoding for the lymphotoxin A protein also known as @entity5 @entity39 factor beta, a cytokine produced by lymphocytes, known to be cytotoxic for a wide range of @entity5 cells both in vitro and in vivo, and, which is essential for normal immunological development; in 40 animals of 5 diverse @entity7040 Indian @entity7040 breeds. These breeds survive under the harsh and tough tropical climatic conditions of various parts of the Indian subcontinent. The LTA gene in the present study was observed to contain 33 SNPs and 3 small insertion/deletion polymorphisms. Four SNPs occurred in the coding regions of the gene viz. @entity69310 and @entity69311 in exon 2 and @entity69312 and @entity69313 in exon 3, of which the SNP @entity69310 in exon 2 resulted in a non-synonymous @entity3689 change @entity69314 . This @entity3689 change was however predicted not be affecting the protein function in any manner. The gene contained putative transcription factor binding sites for the c-Re1 and for Pax-4 transcription factors. A putative promoter region was also predicted on the reverse DNA strand from position 894 to 644. Several repeat elements and microsatellite repeats were detected to be occurring across the 3.2kb LTA gene sequence. The study showed the occurrence of 40 genotypes and 48 most probable haplotypes. The genotypes at the observed SNP positions in the LTA gene were in near Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A negative Tajima's D value that was not significant statistically at P>0.10 indicated that the neutral mutation hypothesis could not be excluded. The genetic variations observed in the LTA gene in the present study have not been reported earlier and these could possibly be used as molecular markers for further studies involving association of the gene variability with disease resistance/tolerance traits.

Nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine lymphotoxin A gene and their distribution among @entity7040 XXXX breeds.

@entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity69314 :: ('p|SUB|G|38|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G38D'] @entity69311 :: ('g|SUB|C|1400|T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['g.1400C>T'] @entity69310 :: ('g|SUB|A|1327|G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['g.1327A>G'] @entity69312 :: ('g|SUB|C|1840|T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['g.1840C>T'] @entity7040 :: ('9915', 'Species') :: ['zebu cattle', 'Bos indicus'] @entity69313 :: ('g|SUB|C|1942|T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['g.1942C>T'] @entity3689 :: ('D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']
@entity7040 :: (9915,Species) :: ['zebu cattle']
