OBJECTIVES: Many @entity1 with @entity683 have more than one viral agent with co- @entity281 frequencies reported as high as 20%. The @entity1576 copathogens on @entity66 is unclear. We sought to determine if @entity778 with pandemic H1N1 altered clinical disease. METHODS: Respiratory samples from 229 and 267 @entity1 identified with and without H1N1 @entity683 respectively were screened for the presence of 13 seasonal respiratory viruses by multiplex RT-PCR. Disease severity between coinfected and monoinfected H1N1 @entity1 were quantified using a standardized clinical severity scale. Influenza viral load was calculated by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: Thirty (13.1%) @entity683 samples screened positive for the presence of 31 viral copathogens. The most prominent copathogens included rhinovirus (61.3%), and coronaviruses (16.1%). Median clinical severity of both monoinfected and coinfected groups were 1. @entity1 coinfected with rhinovirus tended to have lower clinical severity (median 0), whereas @entity325 had substantially higher clinical severity (median 2). No difference in H1N1 viral load was observed between coinfected and monoinfected groups. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory viruses co-infect @entity1 with @entity66 . @entity1 coinfected with rhinovirus had less severe disease while @entity325 were associated with substantially higher severity without changes in @entity683 viral titer.

Rate and influence of @entity778 on pandemic (H1N1) XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory virus co-infection'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['influenza disease'] @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection'] @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['impact of respiratory virus'] @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['non-rhinovirus co-infections']
@entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['influenza disease']
