BACKGROUND: Recent literature has indicated the feasibility of microarray analysis in the characterization of chronic @entity1244 . We hypothesized that previously unexplored inflammatory mechanisms would be involved in the pathophysiology of noneosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with @entity480 (NE-CRSwNP) and that this technology could be used to identify the gene expression of these novel and previously known mediators. METHODS: @entity1 with CRSwNP failing medical therapy were prospectively enrolled and NP tissue was removed at time of surgery. NE-CRSwNP was diagnosed based on clinical parameters including absence of @entity56 and confirmed with histopathology showing lack of eosinophilic infiltration. Messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts extracted from study and control @entity1 were then subjected to microarray analysis using Affymatrix based chips. Validation of findings was then confirmed via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: Microarray analysis revealed activation of pathways involved in antigen presentation, cellular movement, hematopoiesis, @entity105 , apoptosis, and cell signaling. Previously unexplored genes of interest were identified and their differential regulation was validated via qRT-PCR. Our data showed up-regulation of innate @entity32 genes ( @entity650 , @entity687 , and @entity2842 ), @entity519 -induced @entity32 1alpha, and @entity82 (tenascin) and lack of up-regulation of genes associated with @entity56 , @entity32 ( @entity3646 and @entity4047 ). Additionally, the genes for @entity2851 and autocrine motility factor receptor were novelly identified to be up-regulated. CONCLUSION: This study explores the utility of gene microarray technology in identifying unexplored targets of immune dysregulation in NE-CRSwNP. Furthermore, the data characterize the immunologic profile of NE-CRSwNP as it differs from other forms of CRSwNP, in particular, those known to be associated with @entity32 .

Microarray analysis of distinct gene transcription profiles in non-eosinophilic chronic @entity1244 with XXXX .

@entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'eosinophilic inflammation'] @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['IL-6'] @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis'] @entity4047 :: ('3596', 'Gene') :: ['IL-13'] @entity2851 :: ('2919', 'Gene') :: ['CXCL1'] @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein 1'] @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxia'] @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disease', 'allergic'] @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis'] @entity3646 :: ('3565', 'Gene') :: ['IL-4'] @entity687 :: ('3576', 'Gene') :: ['IL-8'] @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']
@entity480 :: (MESH:D009298,Disease) :: ['nasal polyps']
