The surgical therapy of newborns with @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ) is still regarded with some distrust. The complete heart conserving palliation includes not only the Norwood operation during the newborn period but also the complete separation of both circuits by the Fontan operation some time later. Our experiences with each surgical step are presented. From 1989 to 1996, 43 @entity1 with anatomical (n = 33) or functional (n = 10) @entity1699 underwent the Norwood operation. Functional @entity1699 were: Mitralatresia with double outlet right ventricle and @entity475 (n = 2), @entity474 with @entity2150 left ventricle, @entity475 , and @entity1498 (n = 1), @entity2150 , subaortic right ventricle with restrictive @entity1757 and @entity2333 (n = 7). The median age at operation was 15 days (5 to 182 days), mean weight was 3.3 kg (3.0 to 4.9 kg). Total operative mortality was 32% (n = 14) with 16% since 1994 (3/19 @entity1 ). Five @entity1 (12%) died 2 weeks to 6 months later, and 2 @entity1 underwent cardiac transplantation. Up to now, 19 out of the 22 long term survivors underwent the bidirectional cavopulmonary @entity254 (Hemi-Fontan) at a median age of 7 months (2 to 14 months). Two @entity1 died (10%). Up to now, 12 out of the remaining 17 survivors received the total cavopulmonary @entity254 after a mean period of 12 months. All @entity1 survived, and they are now completely palliated. The longest follow up after the complete Fontan operation is 6 years. CONCLUSION: With increasing experience the results of the Norwood operation improved. The following two-stage Fontan procedure bears only a low risk and leads to good quality of life.

[Anatomic and functional XXXX and its surgical Norwood and Fontan treatment].

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants'] @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'HLHS'] @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic'] @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis'] @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect'] @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect'] @entity475 :: ('MESH:C564793', 'Disease') :: ['subaortic stenosis'] @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation'] @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic hypoplasia']
@entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']
