BACKGROUND: The addition of leukotriene modifier (LM) may be a useful approach for uncontrollable @entity565 despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), especially in asthmatics comorbid with @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ), although little is known about its molecular mechanism. We evaluated the additive effects of LM with ICS on pulmonary function and airway inflammation in asthmatics with or without @entity2023 . METHODS: Eighteen uncontrolled @entity134 -treated asthmatics, nine with and nine without @entity2023 , were enrolled. Spirometry, peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements, and exhaled breath condensate sampling were performed before and 8 weeks after LM administration. The lowest PEF over the course of one week, expressed as a percentage of the highest PEF (Min%Max PEF), was used as an index of fluctuation of the airway caliber. Airway cytokine expression was analyzed with a protein array. RESULTS: A significant improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second as a percentage of the predicted value (%FEV(1)) and Min%Max PEF was seen in the subgroup of @entity565 with @entity2023 . Although there was no significant difference in the baseline cytokine values between the groups, the exhaled @entity5737 level was significantly reduced by LM in the @entity565 with @entity2023 group. The changes in the @entity5737 level were significantly related to the changes in the %FEV(1) and Min%Max PEF values. CONCLUSIONS: LM caused a greater improvement in pulmonary function and airway inflammation in asthmatics with @entity2023 . The @entity5737 -mediated pathway may be involved in the improvement of the airflow limitation and airway lability by LM additive therapy in asthmatics receiving @entity134 therapy.

Molecular mechanism of the additive effects of leukotriene modifier in asthmatic patients receiving XXXX therapy.

@entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid'] @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma'] @entity5737 :: ('6352', 'Gene') :: ['RANTES'] @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'allergic rhinitis']
@entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']
