OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) and nonradiographic @entity1691 (SpA). METHODS: A core group led the development of the recommendations, starting with the treatment questions. A literature review group conducted systematic literature reviews of studies that addressed 57 specific treatment questions, based on searches conducted in OVID Medline (1946-2014), PubMed (1966-2014), and the Cochrane Library. We assessed the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) method. A separate voting group reviewed the evidence and voted on recommendations for each question using the GRADE framework. RESULTS: In @entity1 with active @entity1691 , the strong recommendations included use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), use of @entity5 necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) when activity persists despite NSAID treatment, not to use systemic glucocorticoids, use of physical therapy, and use of hip arthroplasty for @entity1 with advanced @entity625 . Among the conditional recommendations was that no particular TNFi was preferred except in @entity1 with concomitant @entity29 or recurrent @entity5890 , in whom TNFi monoclonal antibodies should be used. In @entity1 with active nonradiographic axial SpA despite treatment with NSAIDs, we conditionally recommend treatment with TNFi. Other recommendations for @entity1 with nonradiographic axial SpA were based on indirect evidence and were the same as for @entity1 with @entity1691 . CONCLUSION: These recommendations provide guidance for the management of common clinical questions in @entity1691 and nonradiographic axial SpA. Additional research on optimal medication management over time, disease monitoring, and preventive care is needed to help establish best practices in these areas.

American College of Rheumatology/Spondylitis Association of America/ @entity1691 Research and Treatment Network 2015 Recommendations for the Treatment of @entity1691 and Nonradiographic XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['hip arthritis'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease'] @entity5890 :: ('MESH:D007500', 'Disease') :: ['iritis'] @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['axial spondyloarthritis', 'ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']
@entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['Axial Spondyloarthritis']
