BACKGROUND: Circuit resistance training (CRT) should promote favorable kinematics (scapular posterior tilt, upward rotation, glenohumeral or scapular external rotation) to protect the shoulder from mechanical impingement following @entity451 . Understanding kinematics during CRT may provide a biomechanical rationale for exercise positions and exercise selection promoting healthy shoulders. OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine whether altering hand position during CRT favorably modifies glenohumeral and scapular kinematics and (2) to compare 3-dimensional glenohumeral and scapular kinematics during CRT exercises. HYPOTHESES: The hypotheses that were tested were: (1) modified versus traditional hand positions during exercises improve kinematics over comparable humerothoracic elevation angles, and (2) downward press demonstrates least favorable kinematics. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional observational study. METHODS: The @entity1 were 18 individuals (14 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 ; 25-76 years of age) with @entity451 . An electromagnetic tracking system acquired 3-dimensional position and orientation data from the trunk, scapula, and humerus during overhead press, chest press, overhead pulldown, row, and downward press exercises. @entity1 performed exercises in traditional and modified hand positions. Descriptive statistics and 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to evaluate the effect of modifications and exercises on kinematics. RESULTS: The modified position improved kinematics for downward press (glenohumeral external rotation increased 4.5   [P=.016; 95% CI=0.7, 8.3] and scapular external rotation increased 4.4   [P<.001; 95% CI=2.5, 6.3]), row (scapular upward rotation increased 4.6   [P<.001; 95% CI=2.3, 6.9]), and overhead pulldown (glenohumeral external rotation increased 18.2   [P<.001, 95% CI=16, 21.4]). The traditional position improved kinematics for overhead press (glenohumeral external rotation increased 9.1   [P=.001; 95% CI=4.1, 14.1], and scapular external rotation increased 5.5   [P=.004; 95% CI=1.8, 9.2]). No difference existed between chest press positions. Downward press (traditional or modified) demonstrated the least favorable kinematics. LIMITATIONS: It is unknown whether faulty kinematics causes impingement or whether pre-existing impingement causes altered kinematics. Three-dimensional modeling is needed to verify whether "favorable" kinematics increase the subacromial space. CONCLUSIONS: Hand position alters kinematics during CRT and should be selected to emphasize healthy shoulder mechanics.

Improving Shoulder Kinematics in Individuals With XXXX : Comparison Across Circuit Resistance Training Exercises and Modifications in Hand Position.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men'] @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']
@entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['Paraplegia']
