The expression of several markers of epithelial cell proliferation was analyzed to establish baseline data for future chemoprevention studies of oral @entity75 . Punch biopsies (n = 60) from three different sites of oral mucosa (bucca, @entity5773 ) were obtained from 20 normal donors of both sexes. After @entity406 fixation and paraffin embedding, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the proliferation markers @entity1758 , @entity4910 . Analysis of sections stained for the three markers showed similar patterns, i.e., a low @entity894 ( @entity894 ) in the basal layer and a high @entity894 in the parabasal layer at all three intraoral sites. No proliferative activity was seen above the parabasal layer (superficial layer). All sites showed similar @entity1758 @entity894 values for the proliferative markers. The tongue epithelium exhibited higher parabasal LIs of @entity4910 and @entity11704 than did the other two sites. No significant differences were detected between smokers and nonsmokers. The data from normal mucosa were compared with those from low (n = 30)- and high (n = 17)-grade @entity12120 . The @entity1758 @entity894 showed a very significant change, with a 9-fold increase in the basal layer @entity894 in @entity12120 . @entity4910 and @entity11704 showed similar trends with increments of up to 7-fold in the basal layer of high-grade @entity1141 . Although the proliferative activity of the parabasal layer was similar in normal and @entity12120 , the superficial layer showed a significant increment in proliferative activity mainly in high-grade @entity12120 . These studies suggest that proliferation markers in the basal and superficial cells of @entity75 may serve as surrogate end point biomarkers for chemoprevention trials.

Markers of cell proliferation in normal epithelia and XXXX of the oral cavity.

@entity5773 :: ('MESH:D014060', 'Disease') :: ['lateral tongue, and the floor of the mouth'] @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI'] @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions'] @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde'] @entity4910 :: ('595', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin D1', 'Cyclin D1', 'cyclin D1, and centromere-associated protein CENP-F'] @entity11704 :: ('1063', 'Gene') :: ['CENP-F'] @entity1758 :: ('57534', 'Gene') :: ['Mib-1'] @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic leukoplakias', 'leukoplakic epithelia', 'leukoplakia'] @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']
@entity12120 :: (MESH:D007971,Disease) :: ['dysplastic leukoplakias']
