Hepatic hydrothorax is a relatively infrequent but potentially serious complication of @entity82 resulting from the accumulation of ascitic fluid in the chest cavity. Medical management is initially directed at controlling ascites formation, but invasive therapeutic procedures may be required if symptoms persist. The aim of this study was to report on the long-term efficacy and safety of @entity5273 ( @entity5273 ) placement to reduce portal @entity101 in 12 consecutive subjects with refractory hepatic hydrothorax. Most subjects had evidence of advanced @entity82 of varying causes ( @entity1 -Pugh class A, 1; B, 5; C, 6). Mean subject age was 54 years, and subjects were followed up for a mean of 173 days (range, 7-926 days). The portosystemic pressure gradient after @entity5273 was reduced to <12 mmHg in all cases. Periprocedural morbidity was noted in 2 subjects, and 30-day survival after @entity5273 placement was 75%. Overall, 58% of subjects experienced either a complete or partial response following @entity5273 placement. Subject response did not correlate with age, baseline @entity1011 clearance, or @entity1 -Pugh score. Cumulative subject survival was 42%, and 4 of the 5 long-term survivors required eventual liver transplantation. Subject age >65 years was associated with early mortality after @entity5273 placement, but this trend was not statistically significant. All 4 subjects undergoing liver transplantation required perioperative pleural fluid drainage, but only 1 subject has experienced recurrent effusion. We conclude that @entity5273 may be a safe and effective temporizing treatment for carefully selected @entity1 with refractory hepatic hydrothorax. However, @entity1 survival is limited after @entity5273 and is primarily determined by availability of liver transplantation.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts and liver transplantation in XXXX with refractory hepatic hydrothorax.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension'] @entity5273 :: ('MESH:C562830', 'Disease') :: ['TIPS', 'transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt'] @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']
