BACKGROUND: Little is known about the etiology of in situ or invasive @entity1544 . It is thought that some @entity5 may have the same etiology as @entity5 . It is also not known whether in situ and invasive @entity5 share the same etiologic factors. We conducted a study to evaluate risk factors for in situ and invasive @entity5 and their potential relationship to prior exposure to @entity1 papillomaviruses (HPV). METHODS: A population-based case-control study included 156 @entity1 with squamous cell in situ or invasive @entity5 diagnosed between January 1981 and June 1998 and 2041 control @entity1 identified through random-digit dialing in western Washington state. Cases and controls were interviewed in @entity1 and provided blood samples; archival @entity5 tissue was retrieved for cases. Blood samples were tested for antibodies to HPV, and @entity5 tissue was tested for HPV DNA. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity5 were more likely to have five or more lifetime sexual partners (OR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.9 to 4.9), to have an early age at first intercourse (<17 years OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.5), and to be current smokers at diagnosis (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.4 to 3.1) than control @entity1 . Approximately 30% of all cases had been treated for a prior @entity5 , most often of the cervix. Prior hysterectomy was a risk factor only among @entity1 who had no history of prior @entity5 (OR = 3.9 95% CI 2.5 to 6.1). Antibodies to @entity1799 L1 were strongly related to risk of @entity5 (OR = 4.3, 95% CI 3.0 to 6.2). We detected HPV DNA in @entity5 blocks from over 80% of the @entity1 with in situ and 60% of the @entity1 with invasive @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: In situ and invasive @entity5 have many of the same risk factors as @entity5 , including a strong relationship to @entity281 . @entity1 who have been treated for a prior @entity5 , particularly of the cervix, have a high relative risk, although low absolute risk, of being diagnosed with @entity5 .

A population-based study of XXXX : HPV and cofactors.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'Women', 'person'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal cancer', 'tumor', 'anogenital tumor', 'vaginal cancers', 'anogenital cancer', 'cancers', 'cervical cancer', 'vaginal neoplasia'] @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer of the vagina'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection'] @entity1799 :: ('333760', 'Species') :: ['HPV16']
@entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['squamous cell vaginal cancer']
