The interaction of a poult @entity1681 and @entity12463 (PEMS)- @entity53745 -Ohio State University (TAst-OSU) with the mononuclear phagocytic system cells, namely macrophages, was examined after in vitro and in vivo exposure. In vitro exposures were performed by incubating adherent @entity233 macrophages with various volumes of 10(6) 50% embryo infective dose (EID50)/ml TAst-OSU stock, whereas for in vivo challenge, poults were given a 200 microl inoculum of 10(6) EID50/ml TAst-OSU stock at 7 days of age. Results show that TAst-OSU in vitro exposure reduced macrophage viability relative to controls (P < 0.05) and decreased phagocytosis (P < 0.05) and intracytoplasmic killing of @entity526 (P < 0.05) after a 42-48-hr exposure. Poults challenged with TAst-OSU in vivo recruited almost 50% fewer Sephadex-elicited inflammatory cells in the abdominal cavity (P < 0.05) as compared with the sham controls. Similar to in vitro exposure, macrophages isolated from in vivo TAst-OSU-challenged poults exhibited reduced percentage of phagocytic macrophages (P < 0.05) as well as fewer intracytoplasmic @entity526 per phagocytic macrophage (P < 0.05). TAst-OSU-challenged poults had a greater number of viable @entity526 in their spleens (P < 0.05) after an intravenous @entity526 challenge as compared with the non-TAst-OSU-challenged control poults. Macrophage-mediated cytokines and metabolites were also examined during this study. Both in vitro and in vivo TAst-OSU challenge resulted in reduced interleukin (IL)-1 and @entity650 activity. On the contrary, @entity3542 levels in macrophage culture supernatant fraction of TAst-OSU-challenged macrophages were significantly higher (P < or = 0.05). The findings of these studies indicated that TAst-OSU challenge induced defects in macrophage effector functions, implying that @entity62503 - @entity53745 can potentially impair the immune response of @entity233 , thereby leading to enhanced susceptibility of @entity233 to secondary, perhaps even fatal, @entity2348 .

Induction of functional defects in macrophages by a poult XXXX and @entity12463 -associated @entity53745 .

@entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['IL-6'] @entity233 :: ('9103', 'Species') :: ['turkey', 'turkeys'] @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite'] @entity12463 :: ('MESH:D031261', 'Disease') :: ['mortality syndrome'] @entity62503 :: ('MESH:C057213', 'Chemical') :: ['PEMS'] @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections'] @entity53745 :: ('70793', 'Species') :: ['turkey astrovirus'] @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli'] @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']
@entity1681 :: (MESH:D004751,Disease) :: ['enteritis']
