@entity191 ( @entity1726 ) is characterized by loss of melanin-positive dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. @entity320 (MM), a melanocyte-derived @entity5 , occurs with higher than expected frequency among @entity1726 @entity1 . Red-haired individuals exhibit a threefold risk for developing MM than dark-haired @entity1 ; @entity1726 risk also increases with lighter hair color. One plausible explanation for the associations between MM, hair color, and @entity1726 is the @entity22025 ( @entity22025 ) gene that plays a key role in hair and skin pigmentation as well as in MM predisposition. We hypothesized that specific @entity22025 variants may predispose to both MM and @entity1726 . Genotyping of the @entity22025 gene was performed for 16 @entity1726 @entity1 with MM ( @entity1726 + MM+) and for three sets of age, sex, and ethnically matched controls, including 36 @entity1 with @entity1726 ( @entity1726 + MM-), 37 with MM ( @entity1726 - MM+) and 37 with neither diagnosis ( @entity1726 - MM-). No association was found between @entity22025 variants and the co-occurrence of @entity1726 and MM. The risk for MM was higher in carriers of two @entity22025 variants versus with no @entity22025 variant (odds ratio (OR)   =   5.0, 95  % confidence interval (CI) 1.7-14.4, p   =   0.003). The risk for @entity1726 in carriers of two @entity22025 variants was markedly lower (OR   =   0.213, 95  % CI 0.063-0.725) compared with individuals with no @entity22025 variant (p   =   0.013). In this study, @entity22025 variants were not associated with both MM and @entity1726 . Further studies in larger cohorts are necessary to confirm these preliminary results.

The @entity22025 ( @entity22025 ) Variants Do Not Account for the Co-occurrence of XXXX and @entity320 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people'] @entity22025 :: ('4157', 'Gene') :: ['MC1R', 'melanocortin-1 receptor'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm'] @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"] @entity1726 :: ('OMIM:168600', 'Disease') :: ['PD'] @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant melanoma']
@entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']
