UNASSIGNED: This study investigated the dynamics of @entity4801 , host plant resistance, pathogens, and predation on the demography of @entity67015 , @entity67015 Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), developing in susceptible (hollow stem) and resistant (solid stem) @entity3505 hosts. This study is also the first to investigate the prevalence and impact of cannibalism on @entity67015 mortality. @entity3505 stem sawflies were sampled in two commercial @entity3505 fields over 4 yr from the egg stage through adult emergence, and multiple decrement life tables were constructed and analyzed. Cannibalism, host plant resistance, or unknown factors were the most prevalent factors causing egg mortality. Summer mortality of prediapause larvae ranged from 28 to 84%, mainly due to @entity4801 by Bracon cephi (Gahan) and Bracon lissogaster Muesebeck, cannibalism, and host plant resistance. Winter mortality ranged from 6 to 54% of the overwintering larvae, mainly due to unknown factors or pathogens. Cannibalism is a major cause of irreplaceable mortality because it is absolute, with only a single survivor in every multiple infested stem. Subsequent to obligate cannibalism, mortality of feeding larvae due to host plant resistance was lower in hollow stem @entity3505 than in solid stem @entity3505 . Mortality from host plant resistance was largely irreplaceable. Irreplaceable mortality due to parasitoids was greater in hollow stem @entity3505 than in solid stem @entity3505 . Host plant resistance due to stem solidness and @entity4801 in hollow stems cause substantial mortality in populations of actively feeding larvae responsible for all crop losses. Therefore, enhancing these mortality factors is vital to effective integrated pest management of @entity67015 .

A Multiple Decrement Life Table Reveals That Host Plant Resistance and Parasitism Are Major Causes of Mortality for the XXXX .

@entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitism'] @entity3505 :: ('4565', 'Species') :: ['wheat', 'Wheat'] @entity67015 :: ('211228', 'Species') :: ['Cephus cinctus', 'wheat stem sawfly']
@entity67015 :: (211228,Species) :: ['Wheat Stem Sawfly']
