Life expectancy in Japan is highest in the world. @entity5 is the leading cause of mortality in Japan, accounting for about 30 percent of all @entity204 . Many Japanese @entity5 @entity1 experience severe @entity158 although they and their families hope to be @entity158 free at the end of their lives. Toward that end, the consumption of @entity1286 in Japan has increased markedly since 1989. The amount of @entity33483 and @entity1286 consumed in 2001 was 6.1 times that used in Japan in 1989. However, the amount of @entity1286 consumed in Japan is still less than in other developed nations, and was only one-sixth of the amount used in Australia in 2001. As a result, many Japanese @entity5 @entity1 experience potentially manageable @entity5 , largely because the amount of the drug used by doctors is insufficient for @entity158 control. An increasing number of Japanese doctors now understand that their @entity1 ' quality of life is most important in end-of-life care and how to use the three step analgesic ladder of the World Health Organization (WHO). However, other doctors do not understand these issues sufficiently causing some @entity1 to die without @entity158 control. Both the general population and some medical professionals misunderstand and have prejudice against the use of @entity1286 . @entity1 often do not participate in decision making about medical treatment because of remaining paternalism in the relationship between Japanese doctors and @entity1 . Thus, @entity5 management in Japan is not as effective as it can be and not all Japanese @entity5 @entity1 receive appropriate management for their @entity5 . To improve outcomes for Japanese @entity1 , it is necessary for health professional and social work students and practicing professionals to receive contemporary education including an introduction to palliative care and ethics.

Toward freedom from XXXX in Japan.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain', 'Cancer'] @entity33483 :: ('CHEBI:55340', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine hydrochloride'] @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate', 'morphine'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['good pain', 'pain'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths']
@entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']
