Aerobic conditions are required to maintain the viability of @entity233 sperm in vitro. In @entity1 sperm, excess @entity26 during in vitro storage results in lipid peroxidation, causing membrane damage and @entity1319 and subsequent fertility. The effect of adding antioxidants to @entity233 sperm during liquid storage was studied. Semen was collected and pooled from 20 toms and antioxidants were tested at a minimum of six concentrations, n = 6 observations per concentration. Semen was diluted into Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender. Extended semen served as a control; treatments were extended semen supplemented with @entity4793 ( @entity270 , 1 to 80 micrograms/mL); @entity1882 ( @entity1882 , 0.02 to 1.25 mM); Tempo (0.039 to 1.25 microM), or @entity620 (1 to 400 micrograms/mL) and stored at 5 C for 48 h. Sperm viability in extended semen was evaluated after 0, 24, or 48 h storage. Membrane integrity and motility were also measured. Flow cytometric analysis was done using the live/dead stain combination ( @entity10856 / @entity2667 ) for sperm viability, and membrane integrity was assessed using a hypo-osmotic stress test. Sperm motility was evaluated subjectively. Control sperm viability was reduced almost 50% between 0 and 48 h. However, supplementation with @entity270 , Tempo, and @entity1882 maintained populations of viable sperm similar to the 0 h levels at 48 h. Hypo-osmotic membrane integrity in the control sperm was reduced to approximately 22% (at 24 h, P < or = 0.05) and 5% (at 48 h, P < or = 0.05) of the total sperm population. Similar to controls after 24 h in vitro storage, sperm treated with the antioxidants @entity270 , Tempo, and @entity1882 had reduced hypo-osmotic membrane integrity compared to 0 h samples. However, many of these treated samples maintained hypo-osmotic membrane integrity observed from 24 through 48 h (range, 21.5 to 44.6%), whereas hypo-osmotic membrane integrity fell to 4.6% at 48 h for the control (P < or = 0.05). @entity620 treatments were similar to controls at all time points. Addition of the antioxidants @entity270 , @entity1882 , and Tempo to extended @entity233 semen improves sperm survival, membrane integrity, and reduces the @entity1319 after 48 h storage.

Effects of water- and lipid-soluble antioxidants on XXXX sperm viability, membrane integrity, and motility during liquid storage.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian'] @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E'] @entity233 :: ('9103', 'Species') :: ['turkey'] @entity10856 :: ('MESH:C093207', 'Chemical') :: ['SYBR-14'] @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin C', 'vitamin C'] @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity1882 :: ('MESH:D002084', 'Chemical') :: ['BHT', 'butylated hydroxytoluene'] @entity4793 :: ('MESH:D024505', 'Chemical') :: ['tocopherol'] @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['reduced sperm motility', 'loss of motility']
@entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkey']
