Our aim was to identify the pattern and mechanism of @entity8494 in Iranian veterans during the Iraq-Iran war and to assess the effectiveness of current protective equipment by retrospectively evaluating 100 Iranian veterans of that war. We randomly included veterans with @entity130 to various parts of the face, with or without @entity130 to other organs. None died. We recorded anatomical distribution, incidence, and mechanism of injury as well as injury scores using common references scales. Data are expressed as mean (SD) or number. @entity130 were the most common (n=40) followed by blast (n=37), shock wave (n=18), and gunshots (n=5). Thirty-five @entity1 had @entity174 with a mean (SD) score of 3.7 (1.4). Fifteen @entity1 had @entity130 to the upper face and 79 to the midface. Twenty-four @entity1 had @entity4551 more than 10 cm long, with a mean @entity8494 score of 2.4 (2.0). Nineteen had @entity4858 with a mean (SD) ocular @entity130 score of 64.9 (12.9). Despite recent developments in protective equipment we have seen no significant reduction in the incidence of @entity8494 in battle, which could indicate that we need better facial support equipment and more effective education in its use. However, using protective equipment such as goggles and a mandibular protector is highly recommended.

XXXX in Iranian veterans during the Iraq-Iran war (1980-88): differences from recent conflicts.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['mandibular fractures'] @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['ocular injuries'] @entity4551 :: ('MESH:D022125', 'Disease') :: ['facial lacerations'] @entity8494 :: ('MESH:D005151', 'Disease') :: ['facial injury', 'facial injuries'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma', 'Fragmentation injuries']
@entity8494 :: (MESH:D005151,Disease) :: ['Facial injuries']
