BACKGROUND: Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is the major causative agent of @entity2401 in @entity1 . In the @entity19 model, the inflammatory phase of @entity2401 results in extensive damage to the heart and triggers profound extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, which may ultimately lead to @entity384 . Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are regulators of the ECM and can degrade all the components in the matrix. METHODS: Adolescent male @entity19 were infected with cardiovirulent CVB3 and sacrificed at 3, 9, and 30 days post @entity281 (pi). Transcription of @entity5780 , @entity1235 , and @entity1236 was assessed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Protein expression of these enzymes was examined using immunohistochemistry, and the activation status of @entity5780 and @entity1235 was assessed using gelatin zymography. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were analyzed using immunoblotting assays. @entity299 were also stained with picrosirius red and viewed under polarizing light to examine the collagen network. RESULTS: @entity5780 , @entity1235 , and @entity1236 transcription was increased at 9 days pi, as determined by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry confirmed an increase in translation of these MMP species, and zymographic analysis further showed elevated activation of @entity5780 and @entity1235 following CVB3 @entity281 . @entity11289 and @entity6569 expression was down-regulated, while @entity5779 and @entity5783 remained constant throughout the @entity281 . @entity19 hearts stained with picrosirius red showed an increase in total amount of collagen during the acute phase of @entity281 and disrupted fibrils at later timepoints. CONCLUSION: After CVB3 @entity281 , ECM remodeling is triggered, and this response may involve increased expression and activation of MMPs.

Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in coxsackievirus-induced XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans'] @entity1236 :: ('17381(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-12'] @entity6569 :: ('110595(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-4'] @entity5783 :: ('21858(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-2'] @entity11289 :: ('21859(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-3'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mouse', 'mouse'] @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy'] @entity5780 :: ('17390(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-2'] @entity5779 :: ('21857(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection'] @entity1235 :: ('17395(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Myocarditic hearts'] @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']
@entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['myocarditis']
