@entity1 placental GH (hPGH) replaces pituitary GH during pregnancy. hPGH is correlated to serum @entity442 in normal pregnancies and in pregnancies complicated by fetoplacental disorders. In @entity2175 @entity6 no correlation between hPGH and @entity442 has been found. The relationship between hPGH and @entity442 in @entity6 has not been investigated thoroughly. Furthermore, hPGH may be involved in the development of insulin resistance during pregnancy. In this prospective, longitudinal study, 51 type 1 @entity6 subjects were followed with repeated blood sampling during pregnancy (median, 14 blood samples/subject; range, 8-26). Maternal concentrations of serum hPGH, @entity442 , and @entity5100 were measured and compared with insulin requirements and birth characteristics. hPGH was detected from as early as 6 wk gestation. In all subjects, a rise in serum hPGH was observed during pregnancy, and the rise between wk 16 and 25 was correlated to the rise between wk 26 and 35 (P < 0.001). From wk 26 onward, the increase in hPGH values was significantly correlated to the birth weight, expressed as a z-score (r(s) = 0.54; P < 0.001), as were the absolute hPGH values. Also, a positive influence of hPGH on placental weight was found. Serum @entity442 values decreased significantly from the first to the second trimester (P < or = 0.021). Serum hPGH correlated to serum @entity442 from wk 24- 35, and changes in @entity442 followed the increase in hPGH between wk 26-35 (r(s) = 0.53; P < 0.001), as did @entity5100 (r(s) = 0.37; P = 0.008). Changes in @entity442 and @entity5100 between wk 26-35 also correlated to the birth weight z-score (P < or = 0.020), but only hPGH remained significant in multiple regression analysis. Similar results were found in the subgroup delivering at term. Interestingly, the increase in hPGH was not correlated to the increase in insulin requirements, nor was any consistent relationship revealed during each gestational period. In conclusion, our study suggests a role for hPGH in the regulation of both IGFs and fetal growth in type 1 @entity6 . In contrast, the increase in insulin requirements during pregnancy in type 1 @entity6 subjects could not be related to hPGH levels.

XXXX placental growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I and -II, and insulin requirements during pregnancy in type 1 @entity6 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Human'] @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes and type 2'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic', 'diabetes'] @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-I'] @entity5100 :: ('3481', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-II']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']
