OBJECTIVE: To date no clinical trials have evaluated the role of dietary patterns on the incidence of @entity2412 . We hypothesized that a nutritional intervention based on the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) would have greater protective effect on @entity6 and @entity8 than a low-fat control diet. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a post hoc analysis of a cohort of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 participating in the PREvenci  n con DIeta MEDiterr  nea (PREDIMED) study, a multicenter randomized nutritional intervention trial conducted in a population at high cardiovascular risk. Individuals with @entity164 2 @entity6 who were free of microvascular complications at enrollment (n = 3,614, aged 55-80 years) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary interventions: MedDiet supplemented with extravirgin olive oil (MedDiet+EVOO), MedDiet supplemented with mixed nuts (MedDiet+Nuts), or a low-fat control diet. Two independent outcomes were considered: new-onset of @entity6 and @entity8 . Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 6.0 years, we identified 74 new cases of @entity989 and 168 of @entity8 . Compared with the control diet, multivariable-adjusted HRs for @entity6 were 0.56 (95% CI, 0.32-0.97) for the MedDiet+EVOO and 0.63 (0.35-1.11) for the MedDiet+Nuts. No between-group differences were found for @entity8 . When the yearly updated information on adherence to the MedDiet was considered, the HR for @entity989 in the highest versus the lowest quintile was 0.34 (0.13-0.89; P = 0.001 for trend). No significant associations were found for @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: A MedDiet enriched with EVOO may protect against @entity6 but not @entity2316 .

Mediterranean Diet, @entity989 , XXXX , and @entity2412 : A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Trial.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy'] @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy'] @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy'] @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['type'] @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular diabetes complications']
@entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Nephropathy']
