OBJECTIVE: To define the long-term outcome in @entity4676 ( @entity4676 ) using objective rating measures. BACKGROUND: Previous historical studies suggest spontaneous improvement of @entity1765 after adolescence, but objective longitudinal data are limited. METHODS: The authors reviewed all videotapes in their database (1978 through 1991) of @entity1 with @entity4676 (ages 8 to 14) who were seen in their tertiary care @entity717 center and underwent a standardized 5-minute filming protocol (n = 56). Through multiple contact methods, they successfully located 36 of these @entity1 , who are now adults (age >20 years), and recruited 31 (28 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 ) to volunteer for a second videotape and in- @entity1 assessment. A blinded rater evaluated the 62 tapes and rated five tic domains: body areas involved, motor and phonic tic frequency, and motor and phonic tic severity. Using standardized @entity4676 videotape rating scale and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, the authors compared the two videotapes for each tic domain as well as the composite @entity717 score. RESULTS: Ninety percent of adult @entity1 still had @entity1775 . Adult @entity1 who considered themselves tic-free were often inaccurate in their self-assessment: 50% had objective evidence of @entity1775 . Mean objective @entity717 diminished in comparison to childhood (mean composite @entity717 score childhood 9.58 vs adulthood 7.52, p = 0.014). All domains improved by adulthood, and significant improvements occurred in motor tic severity (p = 0.008). The improvements in @entity717 did not relate to medication use, as only 13% of adults received medications for @entity1775 , compared with 81% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity4676 , @entity1775 objectively improve over time but most adults have persistent @entity1775 .

Objective assessments of longitudinal outcome in Gilles de la XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'women', 'patients', 'person', 'men'] @entity1775 :: ('MESH:D020323', 'Disease') :: ['tics'] @entity1765 :: ('MESH:D013981', 'Disease') :: ['tic symptoms'] @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder', 'tic disability'] @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['GTS', 'Gilles de la Tourette syndrome', 'GTS syndrome']
@entity4676 :: (MESH:D005879,Disease) :: ['Tourette's syndrome']
