UNASSIGNED: Wild @entity9925 (WPV) persists in diverse locales worldwide, spreading outward from endemic areas. In response to the international threat of WPV transmission and changes in the national vaccination policy, we established an environmental surveillance system to monitor the circulation of wild and vaccine-related @entity9925 in Taiwan. From July 2012 to December 2013, we collected sewage specimens every month from 10 sewage treatment plants located throughout Taiwan. The specimens were concentrated by the two-phase separation method and then inoculated into L20B, RD, and A549 cells for virus isolation. Viral isolates were identified and serotyped by immunofluorescence assay or molecular analysis. A total of 300 sewage samples were collected, and the results showed 163 samples (54.3%) were positive for virus, and 268 isolates were identified. Among these, 75 samples (25%) were positive for enterovirus (EV), but no @entity9925 was found. In addition, 92 isolates were identified as enteroviruses and the most common serotypes were coxsackievirus B4, coxsackievirus B3, and coxsackievirus B2. Interestingly, 102 (34%) and 82 (27.3%) specimens were positive for @entity1 orthoreovirus (MRV) and adenovirus, respectively. This study confirmed that sewage surveillance can be a useful additional modality for monitoring the possible presence of wild-type or vaccine-derived @entity9925 in wastewater, and can indicate the current types of viruses circulating in the population. Furthermore, since MRV was found in @entity1 with @entity7592 and @entity693 , the high incidence of MRV detected by environmental surveillance warrants further investigation.

High Incidence of XXXX Orthoreovirus Identified by Environmental Surveillance in Taiwan.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'children'] @entity7592 :: ('MESH:D015882', 'Disease') :: ['acute necrotizing encephalopathy'] @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis'] @entity9925 :: ('138950', 'Species') :: ['poliovirus']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Mammalian']
