BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Early nutrition may affect the risk of @entity1593 . We investigated whether amount of gluten in diet until 2 years of age increases risk for @entity1593 . METHODS: We performed a 1-to-3 nested case-control study of 146 cases, resulting in 436 case-control pairs matched for sex, birth year, and HLA genotype generated from Swedish @entity1 at genetic risk for @entity1593 . Newborns were annually screened for @entity8265 autoantibodies (tTGA). If tested tTGA positive, time point of seroconversion was determined from frozen serum samples taken every 3 months. @entity1593 was confirmed by intestinal biopsies. Gluten intake was calculated from 3-day food records collected at ages 9, 12, 18 and 24 months. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated through conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Breastfeeding duration (median, 32 wk) and age at first introduction to gluten (median, 22 wk) did not differ between cases and tTGA-negative controls. At the visit before tTGA seroconversion, cases reported a larger intake of gluten than controls (OR, 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.46; P  = .0002). More cases than controls were found in the upper third tertile (ie, >5.0 g/d) before they tested positive for tTGA seroconversion than controls (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.70-4.13; P < .0001). This finding was similar in @entity1 homozygous for DR3-DQ2 (OR, 3.19; 95% CI, 1.61-6.30; P  = .001), heterozygous for DR3-DQ2 (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.08-4.62; P  =  .030), and for @entity1 not carrying DR3-DQ2 (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 0.90-6.54; P  = .079). CONCLUSIONS: The amount of gluten consumed until 2 years of age increases the risk of @entity1593 at least 2-fold in genetically susceptible @entity1 . These findings may be taken into account for future @entity1 feeding recommendations.

Effects of Gluten Intake on Risk of XXXX : A Case-Control Study on a Swedish Birth Cohort.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infant'] @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'Celiac disease'] @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['tissue transglutaminase']
@entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['Celiac Disease']
