OBJECTIVES: To report our experience in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of the @entity15772 , which is uncommon, with few larger series published. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 23 @entity1 with the @entity15772 who presented to our institution from July 1998 to July 2007. A diagnosis of the @entity15772 was suspected from the clinical examination, ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings. The diagnosis was confirmed by determination of the renocaval gradient using phlebography of the left renal vein (LRV). Because of recurrent gross @entity811 and persistent orthostatic @entity644 , 7 @entity1 (4 females and 3 males) underwent LRV transposition. Other @entity1 with mild and tolerable symptoms were treated conservatively. The follow-up range was 14-122 months (mean 42.6). RESULTS: All 23 @entity1 met the criteria for establishing the diagnosis of the @entity15772 . Ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed entrapment of the LRV between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta. The renocaval pressure gradient was > or = 4 mm Hg (normal < 1 mm Hg) in all @entity1 . The @entity811 and @entity644 disappeared in the 7 @entity1 who underwent LRV transposition, and only 1 @entity1 continued to have @entity2371 . No complications occurred during surgery. The @entity260 included @entity8442 in 2 and retroperitoneal @entity1410 in 1 @entity1 . No improvement or only partial improvement was observed in most @entity1 receiving conservative treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of the @entity15772 is determined from the clinical examination and radiographic findings. In @entity1 who require surgical treatment, LRV transposition is an efficient surgical approach with an acceptable risk of complications. However, in some cases, @entity2371 may persist despite @entity8 .

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of XXXX : a single-center experience.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the obstruction of the renal venous backflow'] @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic ileus'] @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain'] @entity15772 :: ('MESH:D059228', 'Disease') :: ['nutcracker syndrome'] @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications'] @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematoma'] @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']
@entity15772 :: (MESH:D059228,Disease) :: ['nutcracker syndrome']
