The aim of this work was to investigate the use of the @entity1457 protein, @entity70024 , as a sublethal measurement of ecotoxicity and to identify if the amount of @entity70024 synthesized is proportional to the chemical stress applied. This was achieved by quantifying the @entity70024 levels in primary cultured @entity5660 , @entity5660 (R.), skin epidermal cells in response to @entity31758 ( @entity31759 ) exposure. The cellular stress response protects organisms from damage resulting from exposure to a wide variety of stressors including xenobiotics. The use of a @entity70024 polyclonal antibody on @entity5660 primary epidermal skin cultures exposed to @entity31759 was investigated as a possible biomarker for environmental stress using an immunocytochemical approach. The epidermis is highly susceptible, as it is the interface between the fish and its aquatic environment. In this study we have developed a simple in vitro system for aquatic- @entity137 risk assessment. A method for the quantification of @entity1457 (stress) protein levels by immunocytochemistry is described. The antibody dilution range enabled the detection and quantification of only the inducible @entity70024 fraction. A 1:2000 dilution was decided upon. This assay was effective in detecting and quantifying the induced @entity70024 . There was a direct toxicant concentration-dependent increase in the levels of the cellular stress protein in the primary epidermal cultures. Enhanced localization of @entity70024 in the nuclei of the epidermal cells was observed following exposure to @entity31759 . This work indicated the possibility of using @entity1457 protein induction and subsequent quantification as a sensitive system for aquatic @entity137 risk assessment.

XXXX protein 70 levels in @entity5660 primary epidermal cultures in response to @entity31758 exposure: a novel in vitro aquatic @entity137 marker.

@entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'rainbow trout'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity'] @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock'] @entity70024 :: ('100301691(Tax:8022)', 'Gene') :: ['HSP 70'] @entity31759 :: ('CHEBI:46635', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-DCA'] @entity31758 :: ('MESH:C054619', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dichloroaniline']
@entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['Heat shock']
