BACKGROUND: Direct surgical exposure and cannulation (DSEC) of the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) can be used as an alternative approach for the endovascular treatment of @entity13669 ( @entity13669 ) that fail conventional endovascular access. The aim of this study was to report the techniques, effectiveness and safety of DSEC of the SOV in these cases. METHODS: Between June 2007 and June 2011, nine @entity13669 in nine @entity1 who presented with ocular signs and symptoms were embolized using DSEC of the SOV when the @entity13669 could not be @entity1211 . RESULTS: All nine @entity1 were successfully treated by introduction of Onyx in conjunction with detachable coils through the catheterized SOV to the affected cavernous sinus. No exposure or catheterization of the SOV proved difficult. Symptoms and signs resolved completely in all @entity1 after successful occlusion of the @entity13669 . There were no intraoperative complications. All @entity1 underwent follow-up cerebral angiography at least 3 months after treatment, and none showed recurrence of the @entity292 . CONCLUSION: DSEC of the SOV for embolization of a @entity13669 is a good alternative treatment when conventional venous routes are inaccessible. Surgical access to the SOV is direct and can be performed safely. The use of Onyx in conjunction with detachable coils is safe and effective for symptomatic @entity13669 .

Surgical access on the superior ophthalmic vein to the cavernous sinus dural XXXX for embolization.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity13669 :: ('MESH:D020216', 'Disease') :: ['CSDF', 'cavernous sinus dural fistulas'] @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['treated via the transarterial or transfemoral venous route'] @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula']
@entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']
