@entity712 is a major health problem in the western world and the prevalence of @entity1 with this diagnosis increases. About 2% of the adult population are affected; the majority are elderly, which represents a challenge when it comes to assessment and treatment. This article concerns the aetiology and diagnosis of @entity712 and provides a suggestion for guidelines. The proposed guidelines are aimed at primary, secondary and third line health care providers in Norway, and are based on previously published Norwegian guidelines and international guidelines. @entity101 and @entity453 account for 75-80% of known cases of @entity712 . The @entity1 's history and risk factors must be investigated. Laboratory tests emphasising organ functions are important, and these should include measurement of @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ). Electrocardiograms and chest X-rays should be taken as well. All @entity1 with suspected impaired left ventricular ejection fraction should undergo an echocardiographic examination. Invasive tests, and non-invasive imaging should be used for selected groups of @entity1 only.

[ XXXX --etiology and diagnostic procedures].

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'Congestive heart failure'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension'] @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'B-type natriuretic peptide'] @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']
@entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Congestive heart failure']
