BACKGROUND: The increase in maximal @entity26 consumption (VO2max) with endurance training is associated with that of maximal cardiac output (Qmax), but not @entity26 extraction, in young individuals. Whether such a relationship is altered with ageing remains unclear. Therefore, we sought systematically to review and determine the effect of endurance training on and the associations among VO2max, Qmax and arteriovenous @entity26 difference at maximal exercise ( @entity9495 -vO2max) in healthy aged individuals. DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science, from their inceptions until May 2015 for articles assessing the effect of endurance training lasting 3 weeks or longer on VO2max and Qmax and/or @entity9495 -vO2max in healthy middle-aged and/or older individuals (mean age >= 40 years). Meta-analyses were performed to determine the standardised mean difference (SMD) in VO2max, Qmax and @entity9495 -vO2max between post and pre-training measurements. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations among @entity7126 and potential moderating factors. RESULTS: Sixteen studies were included after systematic review, comprising a total of 153 primarily untrained healthy middle-aged and older subjects (mean age 42-71 years). Endurance training programmes ranged from 8 to 52 weeks of duration. After data pooling, VO2max (SMD 0.89; P   <   0.0001) and Qmax (SMD 0.61; P   <   0.0001) were increased after endurance training; no heterogeneity among studies was detected. @entity9495 -vO2max was only increased with endurance training interventions lasting more than 12 weeks (SMD 0.62; P   =   0.001). In meta-regression, the SMD in Qmax was positively associated with the SMD in VO2max (B   =   0.79, P   =   0.04). The SMD in @entity9495 -vO2max was not associated with the SMD in VO2max (B   =   0.09, P   =   0.84). CONCLUSIONS: The improvement in VO2max following endurance training is a linear function of Qmax, but not @entity9495 -vO2max, through healthy ageing.

Endurance training and maximal XXXX consumption with ageing: Role of maximal cardiac output and @entity26 extraction.

@entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity7126 :: ('MESH:C537501', 'Disease') :: ['SMDs'] @entity9495 :: ('D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Ca']
@entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']
