PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for @entity0 creates new possibilities for the analysis of biological factors in the @entity5 and/or host, which may play a role in the response to treatment. In this study we analyzed whether changes in local antitumor immunity take place after neoadjuvant @entity1311 therapy and if they correlate with response to treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( @entity1311 , 200 mg/m2 q2w, 4 treatments) was followed by definitive surgical management. Histological sections from the pre- and post-treatment surgical specimens of 25 @entity1 were analyzed for the extent of lymphocytic infiltration and presence of @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The cumulative apoptotic response in the @entity5 after the first dose of @entity1311 was also studied in 10 of 25 @entity1 . RESULTS: Pretreatment lymphocytic infiltrate in the @entity5 was minimal in the majority of @entity1 and showed no relationship with clinical response. In the @entity1 without TILs before treatment, development of TILs after treatment was noted in 0/3 (0%) @entity1 with stable disease, 3/12 (25%) @entity1 with clinical partial response, and 4/6 (67%) @entity1 with clinical complete response and pathological @entity66 . These correlated with the @entity5 cell apoptotic response to the first dose of @entity1311 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that development of TILs after treatment correlates with clinical response to neoadjuvant @entity1311 therapy. The possible mechanism(s) whereby neoadjuvant chemotherapy may lead to induction of antitumor T cells is discussed. Immunological processes may influence the response of @entity0 @entity1 to neoadjuvant treatment.

Development of XXXX -infiltrating lymphocytes in @entity0 after neoadjuvant @entity1311 chemotherapy.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']
@entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']
