BACKGROUND: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising tool to study and modulate brain plasticity. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the effects of rTMS on cognitive functions in @entity1 with mild @entity73 and @entity195 (MCI/ @entity195 ) and assess the effect of gray matter (GM) @entity194 on stimulation outcomes. METHODS: Twenty MCI/ @entity195 @entity1 participated in the proof-of-concept controlled study. Each @entity1 received three sessions of 10Hz rTMS of the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the right superior temporal gyrus (STG), and the @entity10 ( @entity10 , a control stimulation site) in a randomized order. Cognitive functions were tested prior to and immediately after each session. The GM volumetric data of @entity1 were: 1) compared to healthy controls (HC) using source-based morphometry; 2) correlated with rTMS-induced cognitive improvement. RESULTS: The effect of the stimulated site on the difference in cognitive scores was statistically significant for the Word part of the Stroop test (ST-W, p=0.012, linear mixed models). As compared to the @entity10 stimulation, @entity1 significantly improved after both IFG and STG stimulation in this cognitive measure. MCI/ @entity195 @entity1 had significant @entity194 in characteristic brain regions as compared to HC (p=0.029, Bonferroni corrected). The amount of @entity194 correlated with the change in ST-W scores after rTMS of the STG. CONCLUSION: rTMS enhanced cognitive functions in MCI/ @entity195 @entity1 . We demonstrated for the first time that distinct pattern of @entity194 in MCI/ @entity195 diminishes the cognitive effects induced by rTMS of the temporal neocortex.

Distinct Pattern of Gray Matter Atrophy in Mild XXXX Impacts on Cognitive Outcomes of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment'] @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'GM atrophy'] @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"] @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['VTX', 'vertex']
@entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's Disease']
