This review examines some interesting 'new' histories of @entity2690 and reviews our current understanding of its physiological actions and synergy with GH in the regulation of metabolism and body composition. It reviews the history of @entity734 that antedates by many years the awareness of endocrinologists to its potent anabolic actions. Promising methods for detection of @entity734 have been developed but have yet to be sufficiently well validated to be ready for introduction into competitive sport. So far, there are two promising avenues for detecting @entity734 . The first uses immunoassays that can distinguish the isomers of pituitary-derived GH from the monomer of recombinant @entity1 GH. The second works through demonstrating circulating concentrations of one or more GH-sensitive substances that exceed the extremes of normal physiological variability. Both methods require blood rather than urine samples. The first method has a window of opportunity lasting about 24 h after an injection and is most suitable for 'out of competition' testing. The second method has reasonable sensitivity for as long as 2 weeks after the last injection of GH and is uninfluenced by extreme exercise and suitable for post-competition samples. This method has a greater sensitivity in @entity1 than in @entity1 . The specificity of both methods seems acceptably high but lawyers need to decide what level of scientific probability is needed to obtain a conviction. Both methods need further validation before implementation. Research work carried out as part of the fight against doping in sport has opened up a new and exciting area of endocrinology.

XXXX , growth hormone and sport.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'men'] @entity2690 :: ('3630', 'Gene') :: ['insulin'] @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['GH abuse']
@entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']
