Noninvasive in vivo @entity460 imaging was used to observe and characterize inhibitory circuitry in intact larval @entity3392 . In the teleost hindbrain, the inhibitory network onto the major pair of reticulospinal neurons known as Mauthner cells (M-cells) has been described in detail. There are three sources of inhibition onto M-cells: recurrent inhibition mediated by an ipsilateral collateral of the M-cell axon, feedforward inhibition driven by sensory afferents, and reciprocal inhibition between bilaterally opposed M-cells. To visualize these inhibitions, M-cells were retrogradely loaded with the @entity460 indicator @entity460 green dextran. Recurrent inhibition attenuated the @entity141 response associated with an action potential in M-cells. Whole-cell recording revealed recurrent IPSCs, the conductance of which may underlie the shunting effect on action potentials and the attenuation of the @entity141 signal in M-cells. Blocking synaptic transmission within the recurrent network abolished both the @entity141 signal attenuation and the IPSCs. Electrical stimulation of the otic vesicle to activate VIII nerve afferents resulted in feedforward suppression of antidromically evoked test @entity141 responses in the contralateral M-cell. Orthodromic activation of M-cells produced a reciprocal reduction of the test @entity141 response in the contralateral M-cell. Thus, in the present study, we visualized the three types of inhibition and demonstrated that they are functional at 4 d after fertilization. The use of noninvasive techniques to image inhibition in vivo suggest the plausibility of studying the hypothesis previously tested in adult @entity2083 that use-dependent changes in inhibitions underlie sound conditioning in escape behavior.

In vivo imaging of functional inhibitory networks on the mauthner cell of larval XXXX .

@entity141 :: ('CHEBI:29108', 'Chemical') :: ['Ca(2+)'] @entity2083 :: ('7957', 'Species') :: ['goldfish'] @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['zebrafish'] @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']
@entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']
