BACKGROUND: This study determines whether the spectrum, risk factors, and outcome of @entity3 in liver transplant recipients have changed. METHODS: Thirty-five consecutive liver transplant recipients with @entity3 were prospectively studied in a case-controlled, multicenter study. One control was matched with the case for duration of hospitalization and the other for antibiotic use so that risk factors unique in liver transplantation could be elicited. RESULTS: In matched-pair analysis, antibiotic prophylaxis for spontaneous @entity298 (odds ratio [OR] 8.3, P=0.002), posttransplant dialysis (OR 7.6, P=0.0009), and retransplantation (OR 16.4, P=0.0018) were independently significant predictors of @entity3 . Candida spp. included @entity5132 in 65% of @entity1 , @entity7408 in 21%, @entity9841 in 9%, @entity7409 in 3%, and @entity18203 in 3%. @entity1 with @entity5132 @entity281 were less likely to have received antifungal prophylaxis than those with @entity6923 (13.6% vs. 50%, P=0.04). The mortality rate was 36.1% for the cases and 2.8% for the controls (OR 25.0, 95% confidence interval, 6.2-100.5, P=0.0002). @entity6923 (P=0.04) and prior antifungal prophylaxis (P=0.05) correlated with poorer outcome in the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our study has identified predictors for @entity6923 in the current era that have implications relevant for targeting the prophylaxis toward the high-risk @entity1 . Routine use of antifungal prophylaxis warrants concern given the emergence of non-albicans Candida spp. as significant pathogens after liver transplantation and higher mortality in @entity1 with these @entity281 .

Changes in the spectrum and risk factors for XXXX in liver transplant recipients: prospective, multicenter, case-controlled study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity9841 :: ('5482', 'Species') :: ['C. tropicalis'] @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Candida infections', 'Non-albicans Candida infections', 'non-albicans Candida infections'] @entity7408 :: ('5478', 'Species') :: ['C. glabrata'] @entity18203 :: ('4929', 'Species') :: ['C. guilliermondii'] @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis'] @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['C. albicans'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive candidiasis'] @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial peritonitis']
@entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive candidiasis']
