AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: @entity6 increases the risk for fetal @entity600 . Several of these @entity600 are found in organs and tissues derived from the neural crest. Previous studies have shown changes in fetal organs of neural crest origin in experimental @entity6 and changes in migration of neural crest cells exposed to high @entity413 in vitro. METHODS: We used whole-mount neurofilament staining of embryos from normal and @entity6 mothers to investigate the development of @entity129 . Neural tube explants were cultured in 10 and 40 mmol/l @entity413 and cell death and caspase activity was measured with flow cytometry. RESULTS: The development of @entity21591 , VII, VIII, IX and X was impaired in day 10-11 embryos of @entity6 @entity35 . There was also a higher rate of cell death of neural crest derived cells cultured in 40 mmol/l @entity413 for 20 h (35% compared to 12% in 10 mmol/l). However, exposure of cells to 40 mmol/l @entity413 in culture did not increase the activation of the cell death effector proteins-caspases-measured as cellular binding of the activated caspase marker VAD-FMK. This suggests that the cell death is not caused by caspase-dependent apoptosis or that the caspases are activated at an earlier stage. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: The development of neural crest-derived structures is disturbed already at the organogenic period in embryos of @entity6 @entity35 and this deteriorated development could be due to high- @entity413 induced increase in cell death of neural crest derived cells.

XXXX in the @entity35 impairs the formation of neural-crest derived @entity129 in the offspring.

@entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve ganglia'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Maternal diabetes mellitus'] @entity21591 :: ('MESH:D020433', 'Disease') :: ['cranial ganglia V'] @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']
@entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Maternal diabetes']
