The objective of this study was to develop a synthetic bone graft in a paste form. Reported here are the results of the evaluation of a paste of chitosan @entity2227 (Protosan) and @entity692 (referred to as a paste) used in a critical size defect model in @entity35 . Eight-millimeter--diameter cranial defects were made in @entity35 calvaria following a protocol approved by the animal review committee. Five groups were studied: (1) empty control, (2) defect filled with paste only, (3) defect filled with the paste containing bone-marrow aspirate, (4) defect filled with paste containing @entity2095 , and (5) defect filled with paste containing osteoblasts cultured from bone-marrow aspirate. The sacrifice intervals were 9 and 18 weeks. Calvaria containing the defect were harvested, and the @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Push-out strength measurements were also performed. The @entity79 values of empty control were significantly lower than those of other groups at both 9 and 18 weeks. The mechanical properties, that is, push-out strengths and area under the push-out load and displacement were not significantly different between the samples. Histological examination of Goldner-trichromestained undecalcified sections showed the presence of mineralized bone spicules in the defect areas that were more prominent in those filled with paste and osteoblasts cultured from bone-marrow aspirate. Hence, this study demonstrated that the paste of chitosan @entity2227 and @entity692 -containing osteoblasts cultured from bone-marrow aspirate would be an effective material to repair bone defects.

An animal evaluation of a paste of chitosan @entity2227 and XXXX as a synthetic bone graft material.

@entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate'] @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite'] @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD'] @entity2095 :: ('29373(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BMP-2'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'rats']
@entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']
