Although salutary effects of female sex @entity230 have been demonstrated not only in proestrus females but also in male animals treated with @entity53 in different models of @entity130 , it remains unknown whether sex hormones influence post-traumatic immune response in @entity1 . We therefore investigated the effect of sex and age on organ dysfunction and clinical course in @entity1 with @entity1230 . Polytraumatized @entity1 (injury severity score>16) between 16 and 65 years old admitted to the Hannover Medical School Level 1 @entity130 center between January 1997 and December 2001 were included. Marshall Score for @entity881 ( @entity881 ) was calculated for at least 14 days. The length of stay in intensive care unit and the ventilator days were recorded in addition to the number of transfusions the @entity1 received. A total of 106 males and 37 females were included in the study. @entity1 with @entity881 had increased plasma levels of @entity650 , @entity687 , and @entity688 . Furthermore, @entity1 with organ dysfunction had more frequent @entity295 and higher mortality rates. In addition, @entity881 was associated with extended length of stay in the intensive care unit and increased ventilator days. Females not older than 50 years with an injury severity score greater than 25 suffered significantly less @entity881 and @entity295 compared with age-matched males. Moreover, they had significantly lower plasma cytokines. Thus, in this prospective study, sex difference was confirmed in @entity881 and @entity295 , with a benefit observed in females. Although the levels of sex @entity230 were not measured, it seems that the protective effects may be due to @entity172 effects on plasma cytokines. This suggestion is based on the fact that such salutary effects were apparent predominantly in premenopausal females.

Influence of sex and age on mods and cytokines after XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['IL-6'] @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen'] @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis'] @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol'] @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries'] @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome', 'MODS'] @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids'] @entity687 :: ('3576', 'Gene') :: ['IL-8'] @entity688 :: ('3586', 'Gene') :: ['IL-10'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma']
@entity1230 :: (MESH:D009104,Disease) :: ['multiple injuries']
