INTRODUCTION: The kidney biopsy is used to diagnose and guide initial therapy in @entity1 with @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ). Kidney histology does not correlate well with clinical measurements of @entity8 or predict how @entity1 will respond to standard-of-care immunosuppression. We postulated that the gene expression profile of kidney tissue at the time of biopsy may differentiate @entity1 who will from those who will not respond to treatment. METHODS: The expression of 511 immune-response genes was measured in kidney biopsies from 19 @entity1 with proliferative @entity1988 and 4 normal controls. RNA was extracted from @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded kidney biopsies done at flare. After induction therapy, 5 @entity1 achieved a complete clinical response (CR), 10 had a partial response (PR) and 4 @entity1 were non-responders (NRs). Transcript expression was compared with normal controls and between renal response groups. RESULTS: A principal component analysis showed that intrarenal transcript expression from normal kidney, CR biopsies and NR biopsies segregated from each other. The top genes responsible for CR clustering included several interferon pathway genes ( @entity6897 , @entity9688 , @entity26242 , @entity13434 , @entity17619 , @entity4016 ), while complement genes ( @entity68908 , C9, C5, @entity15785 ) were mainly responsible for NR clustering. Overall, 35 genes were uniquely expressed in NR compared with CR. Pathway analysis revealed that interferon signalling and complement activation pathways were upregulated in both groups, while @entity8410 , APRIL, nuclear factor-kB and @entity650 signalling were increased in CR but suppressed in NR. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that molecular profiling of the kidney biopsy at @entity1988 flare may be useful in predicting treatment response to induction therapy.

Characterising the immune profile of the kidney biopsy at XXXX flare differentiates early treatment responders from non-responders.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-6'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney injury'] @entity26242 :: ('3665', 'Gene') :: ['IRF7'] @entity9688 :: ('3659', 'Gene') :: ['IRF1'] @entity8410 :: ('10673', 'Gene') :: ['BAFF'] @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin'] @entity17619 :: ('6773', 'Gene') :: ['STAT2'] @entity4016 :: ('3717', 'Gene') :: ['JAK2'] @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis', 'LN'] @entity15785 :: ('10747', 'Gene') :: ['MASP2'] @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin'] @entity6897 :: ('6772', 'Gene') :: ['STAT1'] @entity13434 :: ('4599', 'Gene') :: ['MX1'] @entity68908 :: ('715;713;729', 'Gene') :: ['C1R, C1QB, C6']
@entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']
