The association between daily variations in all-cause mortality from 1983-1991 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and ambient air pollution was investigated. Twenty-four-hour average concentrations of @entity348 , Black Smoke, @entity1787 , @entity9733 , and @entity1223 were available on a daily basis. Every other day, total @entity68 content in @entity348 samples was available. Poisson regression analysis was used to study associations between air pollution and mortality; generalized additive models were used to adjust for confounders (e.g., seasonal trends, weather). Daily mortality was associated most consistently with previous-day concentrations of @entity348 (relative risk = 1.05 for a change of 91 microg/m3) and @entity1787 (relative risk = 1.06 for a change of 67 microg/m3). Total @entity68 was associated less consistently with mortality than total suspended particulate mass was. The associations of mortality with @entity1787 and @entity348 were independent of @entity9733 and @entity1223 . The relative risks of @entity348 and particularly @entity1787 were higher for subjects older than 78 y. The relationship between mortality and @entity1787 did not deviate significantly from linear. The relationship between mortality and @entity348 was linear below 100 microg/m3 and leveled off at higher concentrations. If a threshold exists for the effects on mortality of these components, it exists at very low levels.

Effects of ambient particulate matter and XXXX on daily mortality in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

@entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide'] @entity9733 :: ('MESH:D013458', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur dioxide'] @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total suspended particulates'] @entity1787 :: ('MESH:D010126', 'Chemical') :: ['ozone'] @entity68 :: ('MESH:D007501', 'Chemical') :: ['iron']
@entity1787 :: (MESH:D010126,Chemical) :: ['ozone']
