BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that cultured skin fibroblasts from @entity1 with @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ) exhibit a @entity5072 growth phenotype. Increased DNA synthesis in cells from @entity1 with @entity2316 may ultimately involve alterations in cell cycle regulatory proteins. @entity986 protein is a member of @entity986 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, which plays an important role in cell cycle regulation. In this study, we examined the correlation between @entity986 protein expression in cultured dermal fibroblasts from type 1 @entity6 @entity1 and the presence of @entity2316 . METHOD: Western blot analysis was performed to compare @entity986 protein expression in skin fibroblasts from @entity1 with @entity2316 as compared to control subjects, @entity6 @entity1 without @entity2316 , and nondiabetic @entity1 with @entity8 . Transcriptional regulation of the @entity986 gene was assessed using competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Methylation status of the promoter region of @entity986 was examined using methylation-specific PCR, and we used single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP)-PCR to assess @entity986 single-nucleotide polymorphism. RESULTS: Cells from @entity6 @entity1 with @entity2316 had nondetectable to significantly lower protein expression of @entity986 . Similarly, mRNA expression of @entity986 was significantly lower in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity2316 . No hypermethylation of @entity986 gene was detected, and no abnormal migrating bands were noticed on SSCP-PCR analysis in cells from @entity1 with @entity2316 . CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that cells from @entity1 with @entity2316 exhibit significantly lower protein and mRNA expression of @entity986 . This study could have not only important implications for the understanding of the pathogenesis of @entity2316 , but also the absence of @entity986 may ultimately serve as an early marker for @entity2316 .

Epigenetic and genetic analysis of @entity986 in dermal fibroblasts from type 1 XXXX @entity1 with @entity8 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic'] @entity986 :: ('1029', 'Gene') :: ['INK4', 'p16'] @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'DN'] @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']
@entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']
