UNASSIGNED: This work aimed to investigate mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response caused by Potamotrygon motoro stingray venom ( @entity22844 ) in @entity19 paws. Pre-treatment of animals with a mast cell degranulation inhibitor (cromolyn) diminished @entity4 (62% of inhibition) and leukocyte influx into the site of @entity22844 injection. @entity4489 ( @entity112 type 1 receptor antagonist) or @entity13686 ( @entity112 type 3 and 4 receptor antagonist) also decreased @entity4 (up to 30%) and leukocyte numbers, mainly neutrophils (40-50 %). @entity4444 ( @entity112 type 2 receptor antagonist) had no effect on @entity22844 -induced @entity32 . In the @entity35 lineage of mast cells, @entity22844 caused proper cell activation, in a dose-dependent manner, with release of PGD2 and @entity1421 . In addition, the role of COXs products on @entity22844 inflammatory response was evaluated. @entity3352 (COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor) or @entity14296 (COX-2 inhibitor) partially diminished @entity4 (around 20%) in @entity22844 -injected @entity19 . @entity3352 , but not @entity14296 , modulated neutrophil influx into the site of venom injection. In conclusion, mast cell degranulation and @entity112 , besides COXs products, play an important role in @entity22844 -induced reaction. Since @entity22844 mechanism of action remains unknown, hindering accurate treatment, clinical studies can be performed to validate the prescription of antihistaminic drugs, besides NSAIDs, to @entity1 injured by freshwater stingrays.

Mast cells and @entity112 play an important role in XXXX and leukocyte recruitment induced by Potamotrygon motoro stingray venom in @entity19 .

@entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['Cimetidine'] @entity4489 :: ('MESH:D011398', 'Chemical') :: ['Promethazine'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse'] @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema'] @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2'] @entity14296 :: ('MESH:C422649', 'Chemical') :: ['etoricoxib'] @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['RBL-2H3'] @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin'] @entity22844 :: ('12181', 'Species') :: ['PmV'] @entity13686 :: ('MESH:C052075', 'Chemical') :: ['thioperamide']
@entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']
