BACKGROUND: @entity378 regimens that are shorter and simpler than the current 6-month daily regimen are needed. METHODS: We randomly assigned @entity1 with newly diagnosed, smear-positive, @entity6371 to one of three regimens: a control regimen that included 2 months of @entity3110 , @entity3109 , @entity1215 , and @entity5585 administered daily followed by 4 months of daily @entity3109 and @entity1215 ; a 4-month regimen in which the @entity3109 in the control regimen was replaced by @entity3477 administered daily for 2 months followed by @entity3477 and 900 mg of @entity35528 administered twice weekly for 2 months; or a 6-month regimen in which @entity3109 was replaced by daily @entity3477 for 2 months followed by one weekly dose of both @entity3477 and 1200 mg of @entity35528 for 4 months. Sputum specimens were examined on microscopy and after culture at regular intervals. The primary end point was a composite treatment failure and relapse, with noninferiority based on a margin of 6 percentage points and 90% confidence intervals. RESULTS: We enrolled a total of 827 @entity1 from South Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Zambia; 28% of @entity1 were coinfected with the @entity1 immunodefiency virus. In the per-protocol analysis, the proportion of @entity1 with an unfavorable response was 4.9% in the control group, 3.2% in the 6-month group (adjusted difference from control, -1.8 percentage points; 90% confidence interval [CI], -6.1 to 2.4), and 18.2% in the 4-month group (adjusted difference from control, 13.6 percentage points; 90% CI, 8.1 to 19.1). In the modified intention-to-treat analysis these proportions were 14.4% in the control group, 13.7% in the 6-month group (adjusted difference from control, 0.4 percentage points; 90% CI, -4.7 to 5.6), and 26.9% in the 4-month group (adjusted difference from control, 13.1 percentage points; 90% CI, 6.8 to 19.4). CONCLUSIONS: The 6-month regimen that included weekly administration of high-dose @entity35528 and @entity3477 was as effective as the control regimen. The 4-month regimen was not noninferior to the control regimen. (Funded by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership and the Wellcome Trust; RIFAQUIN Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN44153044.).

High-dose @entity35528 with XXXX for pulmonary tuberculosis.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human'] @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol'] @entity5585 :: ('MESH:D011718', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazinamide'] @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['drug-sensitive tuberculosis'] @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin'] @entity35528 :: ('MESH:C018421', 'Chemical') :: ['rifapentine'] @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid'] @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin'] @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis']
@entity3477 :: (MESH:C104727,Chemical) :: ['moxifloxacin']
