OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the @entity19207 expression pattern and DNA content have additional value over primary @entity5 histology, including information on @entity1350 and tunica albuginea invasion, in detecting occult @entity3 in @entity1 with clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell @entity5 of the testis (NSGCT). @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity1 with clinical stage I NSGCT underwent retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RPLND) between 1986 and 1992. The orchidectomy specimens were histopathologically reviewed and immunohistochemically stained with mouse monoclonal anti- @entity19207 antibody. The presence of an aberrant or negative staining in >10% of the malignant cells was defined as abnormal; in all other cases @entity5 were classified as normal. Furthermore, intact nuclei were isolated from 50 microm thick paraffin sections of the primary @entity5 , Feulgen stained, and analysed with an image-analysis system. RESULTS: Of the 50 @entity1 , 14 had positive retroperitoneal nodes (stage IIa, 28%), one pathologically staged I @entity1 developed a lung @entity3 (stage IV) within 3 months of RPLND. Univariate analysis showed that the presence of @entity1358 , @entity1350 and tunica albuginea invasion were predictive for occult metastases. In multivariate logistic regression analysis only vascular and tunica albuginea invasion were significant. All 11 @entity1 with no @entity1358 in the primary @entity5 were classified as having pathological stage I disease. Also, the @entity5 which were DNA-diploid (three) or DNA-polyploid (two) were pathologically stage I. In screening for occult metastases the DNA content and the @entity19207 expression pattern had no additional value. CONCLUSION: Vascular and tunica albuginea invasion have prognostic value in identifying @entity1 with clinical stage I NSGCT at high risk for @entity66 . In contrast, the @entity1358 could predict all @entity1 at low risk for @entity3 . The DNA-ploidy also identified @entity1 at low risk. Other DNA-analyses and the @entity19207 expression pattern provided no additional information. Further studies are recommended to identify @entity1 who are at low or high risk for @entity3 .

@entity19207 expression pattern and DNA image-analysis cytometry have no additional value over primary histology in clinical stage I nonseminomatous XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['occult retroperitoneal disease'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour'] @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular invasion'] @entity19207 :: ('1495', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-catenin'] @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal cell carcinoma', 'absence of embryonal cell carcinoma'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']
@entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular cancer']
