@entity8 of different origins can lead within a short time to structural and functional maladaptations of the kidney, which may culminate in @entity454 . The most common causes of @entity177 are due to @entity101 and @entity2316 [Moore et al. 1999, Ritz et al. 1999]. Moreover, an inadequate blood pressure control in primary @entity8 further accelerates the decline of renal function. In spite of improved therapeutic measures the number of @entity1 with @entity177 continues to increase dramatically [Mailloux and Haley 1998]. @entity65 and mortality in @entity1 with @entity177 are extraordinarily high and are more frequent than that observed in the general population [Vita et al. 1999]. Measures, which can reduce the high incidence of @entity65 , have priority in the treatment of @entity177 @entity1 . ACE-inhibitors have been shown to be the best choice in this case. Until now a possible role for sympathetic hyperactivity has not been seriously considered although there is very good clinical and experimental evidence for such a role. This overview will give a summary of the currently known experimental and clinical findings about the role of the sympathetic nervous system in @entity101 and @entity8 and to expound possible therapeutic strategies.

Mechanisms and consequences of sympathetic hyperactivity in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases', 'renal disease', 'Kidney impairment'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive'] @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic renal impairment'] @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular morbidity', 'cardiovascular complications'] @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']
@entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal disease']
