BACKGROUND: Metastatic cells from a @entity5 can occur before the primary @entity5 is detected. Metastatic cells can also remain in the @entity1 for many years after removal of the @entity5 without proliferating. These dormant malignant cells can awaken and cause recurrent disease decades after the primary treatment. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical evidence for early dissemination and late recurrences in @entity1 @entity5 . We used the following definitions: dormancy of cells may be defined as a nonproliferating state or an arrest in the cell cycle that results in a prolonged G0 phase. If one accepts the term "late @entity3 " to indicate a period exceeding 10 years from the removal of the @entity5 , then the two @entity5 in which this occurs most frequently are @entity320 ( @entity320 ) and @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched with the keywords " @entity3 ," "early dissemination," "late recurrences," "inadvertently transmitted @entity5 ," " @entity5 growth rate," "dormancy," "circulating @entity5 cells," and "transplantation of @entity5 ." RESULTS: Several case reports of early dissemination and late recurrences of various types of @entity5 were found. Analyses of the growth rates of several @entity5 in the original host indicated that the majority of @entity5 had @entity3 years before they were detected. @entity320 , @entity1358 , and malignant @entity463 were the three most common @entity5 resulting from an organ transplantation. @entity320 and @entity1358 were also the two most common @entity5 that showed dormancy. In several cases of transplanted @entity320 and @entity1358 , the donor did not have any known @entity5 or had had the @entity5 removed so long ago that the donor was regarded as cured. CONCLUSION: (1) @entity3 can frequently exist prior to the detection of the @entity5 . (2) Metastatic cells may reside in organs in the original host that are not usually the site of detectable secondary @entity5 , for example, the kidneys and heart. (3) Metastatic cells remain dormant for decades after the @entity5 has been removed. (4) Dormancy might be reversible and lead to late recurrences.

Cancer XXXX : Early Dissemination and Late Recurrences.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'primary tumor', 'malignancy', 'malignancies'] @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases', 'metastasized'] @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma'] @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['CMM', 'cutaneous malignant melanoma']
@entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastases']
