BACKGROUND: The relationship between education and @entity195 ( @entity195 ) or @entity303 has been widely examined and the evidence obtained is mixed. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the observed association between them. OBJECTIVE: To further understand the relationship between education and incidence of clinically diagnosed @entity195 or @entity303 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A community-based, @entity303 -free cohort of 1296 aged 75 years and older was followed up to detect incident @entity195 or @entity303 cases using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Revised Third Edition criteria. The vital status of all subjects who underwent the clinical examination at follow-up (n = 983) was ascertained for 5 years further. Data were analyzed with Cox proportional hazards model after adjustment for main potential confounders. RESULTS: Over an average (SD) of 2.8 (1.0) years of follow-up, 147 subjects were diagnosed as having @entity303 (109 subjects as having @entity195 ). Among those who were clinically examined at follow-up, 88 died with @entity303 (68 died with @entity195 ) within 5 years. Subjects with a low level of education (<8 vs > or =8 years) had a relative risk of 2.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.5-4.4) for @entity195 and 1.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.6) for @entity303 . A low educational level was significantly related to all-cause mortality (relative risk, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.7; P<.05), but not to the mortality of subjects with @entity195 (relative risk, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.5-2.2) or @entity303 (relative risk, 0.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.5-1.5). CONCLUSIONS: A low level of education is related to an increased incidence of clinical @entity195 or @entity303 , but not to the mortality of subjects with @entity195 or @entity303 . These findings can be accounted for by the "cognitive reserve" hypothesis. Alternatively, the observed association between educational level and incidence of @entity195 or @entity303 may partly reflect detection bias, by which subjects with a low level of education tend to be clinically diagnosed at an earlier point in time.

The influence of education on clinically diagnosed XXXX incidence and mortality data from the Kungsholmen Project.

@entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia'] @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders'] @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']
@entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']
