Chymase is an important enzyme for the generation of angiotensin (Ang) II and in the activation of @entity30913 . Therefore, chymase may be involved in the hemodialysis @entity409 , which is caused by intimal @entity1373 that occurs after @entity736 ( @entity736 ) graft implantations. Bilateral U-shaped PTFE grafts were placed between the femoral vein and artery in @entity235 . Chymase inhibitor ( @entity38670 , 1 mg/kg per day, p.o.) treatments were initiated 3 days before the operation. After the implantation, the @entity850 by @entity8233 proliferation was most frequently observed in the venous side of the PTFE grafts. In the @entity8233 , myofibroblasts were the main cellular components. On the other hand, fibroblasts only occupied cellular components in a much smaller proportion in the @entity8233 . However, these cells seem to be rich in the properties of proliferation and migration. After PTFE graft implantations, extensive accumulations of chymase-positive mast cells were found mainly in the tissue surrounding the grafts. The Ang II- and TGF-beta-positive cells were found in an adjacent section that was in close proximity to the chymase-positive cells. In contrast, the @entity1129 (1) receptors, as well as TGF-beta type II receptors, were expressed either in the @entity8233 or in the outside adventitia of the PTFE grafts. Chymase inhibitor treatment resulted in a reduction of chymase, Ang II and @entity30913 expression, leading to a significant inhibition of neointimal formation. These findings indicating that an increase of chymase via promoting Ang II and @entity30913 generation plays a pivotal role in the neointimal formation after the implantation of PTFE grafts and also suggesting that chymase inhibition may be a new strategy that can be used to prevent PTFE graft dysfunctions in clinical settings.

Roles of chymase in @entity850 occurring after XXXX graft implantations.

@entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['dogs'] @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia'] @entity30913 :: ('403998(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1', 'TGF-beta1'] @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['access dysfunction'] @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic neointima', 'neointima'] @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['AT'] @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene'] @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis'] @entity38670 :: ('MESH:C437945', 'Chemical') :: ['NK3201']
@entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']
