Antibiotic treatment, day-care center (DCC) attendance and young age are associated with @entity114 -non-susceptible @entity328 (PNSSp) carriage. Yet, it is unclear whether each is an independent risk factor for the individual. This cross-sectional surveillance study was designed to answer this question. Nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained from 429 @entity1 (< 6 y) during a visit to the pediatrician's office. Two risk rates were calculated: the individual's absolute risk to carry PNSSp [simple odds ratio (ORS)] and the risk of an individual who is already a carrier [conditional odds ratio (ORC)]. @entity328 was isolated from 52.7% of 401 @entity1 . PNSSp was detected in 37.1% of carriers. Independent risk factors were: young age [ORS 2.24, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.2-4.2], @entity18040 attendance (ORS 3.8, 95% CI 1.9-7.5), having young siblings (ORS 2.3, 95% CI 0.95-5.57) and each antibiotic treatment during the previous 3 months (ORS 1.5, 95% CI 1.25-1.85). The only significant risk factor among carriers was prior antibiotic treatment ( @entity55703 .24, 95% CI 1.64-3.05). Young @entity1 , who attended DCC and received 1 antibiotic course (9% of the population) had a risk 12.9 times higher than @entity1 without these features.

Independent risk factors for carriage of @entity114 -non-susceptible XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children'] @entity55703 :: ('4999', 'Gene') :: ['ORC 2'] @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin'] @entity18040 :: ('CHEBI:53090', 'Chemical') :: ['DCC'] @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']
@entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']
