Thyroid hormones are key regulators of metabolism that modulate transcription via nuclear receptors. @entity1378 is associated with increased metabolic rate, protein breakdown, and @entity353 . Although the molecular actions of thyroid hormones have been studied thoroughly, their pleiotropic effects are mediated by complex changes in expression of an unknown number of target genes. Here, we measured patterns of skeletal muscle gene expression in five healthy @entity1 treated for 14 days with 75 microg of @entity1954 , using 24,000 cDNA element microarrays. To analyze the data, we used a new statistical method that identifies significant changes in expression and estimates the false discovery rate. The 381 up-regulated genes were involved in a wide range of cellular functions including transcriptional control, mRNA maturation, protein turnover, signal transduction, cellular trafficking, and energy metabolism. Only two genes were down-regulated. Most of the genes are novel targets of thyroid hormone. Cluster analysis of @entity1954 -regulated gene expression among 19 different @entity1 tissues or cell lines revealed sets of coregulated genes that serve similar biologic functions. These results define molecular signatures that help to understand the physiology and pathophysiology of thyroid hormone action.

In vivo regulation of XXXX skeletal muscle gene expression by thyroid hormone.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'men'] @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss'] @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine'] @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperthyroidism']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']
