UNASSIGNED: We aimed to quantify the ACE I/D and @entity31202 @entity40967 ( @entity69978 ) genetic variants in elite rugby athletes (rugby union and league), compare genotype frequencies to controls and between playing positions. The rugby athlete cohort consisted of 507 Caucasian @entity1 , including 431 rugby union athletes that for some analyses were divided into backs and forwards and into specific positional groups: front five, back row, half backs, centers and back three. Controls were 710 Caucasian @entity1 and @entity1 . Real-time PCR of genomic DNA was used to determine genotypes using TaqMan probes and groups were compared using Chi-square and odds ratio (OR) statistics. Correction of p-values for multiple comparisons was according to Benjamini-Hochberg. There was no difference in ACE I/D genotype between groups. @entity31202 XX genotype tended to be underrepresented in rugby union backs (15.7%) compared to forwards (24.8%; P=0.06). Interestingly, the 69 back three players (wings and full backs) in rugby union included only six XX genotype individuals (8.7%), with the R allele more common in the back three (68.8%) than controls (58.0%;   (2)=6.672, P=0.04; OR=1.60) and forwards (47.5%;   (2)=11.768, P=0.01; OR=2.00). Association of @entity31202 @entity40967 with playing position in elite rugby union athletes suggests inherited @entity1295 resistance is more prevalent in forwards while inherited sprint ability is more prevalent in backs, especially wings and full backs. These results also demonstrate the advantage of focusing genetic studies on a large cohort within a single sport, especially when intra-sport positional differences exist, instead of combining several sports with varied demands and athlete characteristics.

Association of XXXX @entity40967 but not ACE I/D gene variants with elite rugby union player status and playing position.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'men'] @entity31202 :: ('89', 'Gene') :: ['ACTN3'] @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue'] @entity69978 :: ('rs1815739', 'SNP') :: ['rs1815739'] @entity40967 :: ('p|SUB|R|577|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R577X']
@entity31202 :: (89,Gene) :: ['ACTN3']
