Neuroprotective effects of @entity172 are demonstrated consistently in the cerebral cortex, but not in subcortical areas. In the present study, transient @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) were induced for various duration, and protective effects of @entity172 treatment on the cerebral cortex and subcortex were evaluated. @entity2500 was induced for 30, 40 or 60 min in ovariectomized @entity35 . Animals were treated with @entity53 (E2) or vehicle (OVX) 2 h before @entity2500 and sacrificed 24 h after the indicated duration of @entity2500 . @entity2806 was evaluated by @entity5045 staining, @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase @entity1977 nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. E2 treatment reduced the magnitude and delayed the appearance of the @entity2806 area and largely prevented TUNEL staining in the cortex. In the subcortex, E2 treatment prevented the @entity2806 in the 30-min group, reduced lesion area in the 40-min group, but had no effect on @entity2806 area in the 60-min group. E2 treatment significantly decreased apoptotic cell number in the subcortical area at 30 and 40 min, but not at 60 min of @entity2500 . This study demonstrated that @entity172 treatment can protect the cerebral subcortex in a severity-dependent manner, suggesting that the lack of protective effects of @entity172 treatment in the subcortex is not due to the lack of @entity172 receptors. Further, this study indicates that @entity172 could be used as a neuroprotectant to prolong the therapeutic window of thrombolysis and prolong the time of cerebral circulation intervention for neurosurgical procedure.

XXXX extends ischemic thresholds and exerts neuroprotective effects in cerebral subcortex against transient focal @entity2806 in @entity35 .

@entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens'] @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride'] @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic lesion', 'ischemic lesion', 'total ischemic lesion'] @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusions', 'MCAO'] @entity1711 :: ('MESH:D004801', 'Chemical') :: ['eosin'] @entity1977 :: ('CHEBI:17625', 'Chemical') :: ['dUTP'] @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol'] @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats']
@entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['17beta-Estradiol']
