UNASSIGNED: The risk associated with antibiotic resistance disseminating from animal and @entity1 feces is an urgent public issue. In the present study, we sought to establish a pipeline for annotating antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) based on metagenomic assembly to investigate ARGs and their co-occurrence with associated genetic elements. Genetic elements found on the assembled genomic fragments include mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs). We then explored the hosts of these resistance genes and the shared resistome of @entity1707 , @entity1573 and @entity1 fecal samples. High levels of @entity803 , multidrug, @entity2929 , and @entity5292 resistance genes were discovered in these fecal samples. In particular, significantly high level of ARGs (7762 */Gb) was detected in adult @entity1573 feces, indicating higher @entity534 contamination level than other fecal samples. Many ARGs arrangements (e.g., macA-macB and tetA-tetR) were discovered shared by @entity1573 , @entity1707 and @entity1 feces. In addition, MGEs such as the aadA5-dfrA17-carrying class 1 integron were identified on an assembled scaffold of @entity1573 feces, and are carried by @entity1 pathogens. Differential coverage binning analysis revealed significant @entity534 enrichment in adult @entity1573 feces. A draft genome, annotated as multidrug resistant @entity526 , was retrieved from @entity1573 feces metagenomes and was determined to carry diverse ARGs (multidrug, @entity11381 , and @entity7646 ). The present study demonstrates the determination of @entity534 hosts and the shared resistome from metagenomic data sets and successfully establishes the relationship between ARGs, hosts, and environments. This @entity534 annotation pipeline based on metagenomic assembly will help to bridge the knowledge gaps regarding @entity534 -associated genes and @entity534 hosts with metagenomic data sets. Moreover, this pipeline will facilitate the evaluation of environmental risks in the genetic context of ARGs.

Metagenomic Assembly Reveals Hosts of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and the Shared Resistome in XXXX , @entity1573 , and @entity1 Feces.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity1707 :: ('9823', 'Species') :: ['pig'] @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide'] @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin'] @entity5292 :: ('D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside'] @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['ARG'] @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chicken'] @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline'] @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli'] @entity11381 :: ('MESH:D000167', 'Chemical') :: ['acriflavine']
@entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Pig']
