UNASSIGNED: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of @entity65 . In vascular pathologies perivascular adipose tissue increases in volume and becomes dysfunctional, with altered cellular composition and molecular characteristics. PVAT dysfunction is characterized by its inflammatory character, oxidative stress, diminished production of vaso-protective adipocyte derived relaxing factors (ADRFs) and increased production of paracrine factors such as resistin, leptin, cytokines ( @entity650 , @entity310 ) and chemokines ( @entity5737 , @entity2842 ). These adipocyte-derived factors initiate and orchestrate inflammatory cell infiltration including primarily T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), B cells as well as NK cells. Protective factors such as @entity1254 can reduce @entity1110 oxidase @entity224 production and increase @entity842 bioavailability in the vessel wall, while @entity32 (e.g. @entity379 or @entity4155 ) induces vascular oxidases and eNOS dysfunction in the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts. All of these events link dysfunctional perivascular fat to @entity455 . These mechanisms are important in the context of a number of @entity65 including @entity731 , @entity101 , @entity6 and @entity28 . Inflammatory changes in PVAT molecular and cellular responses are uniquely different from classical visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue or from adventitia, emphasizing unique structural and functional features of this adipose tissue compartment. Therefore, it is essential to develop techniques for monitoring PVAT characteristics and assessing its @entity32 . This will lead to better understanding of the early stages of vascular pathologies and development of new therapeutic strategies focusing on perivascular adipose tissue.

Perivascular adipose tissue XXXX in @entity455 .

@entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['IL-6'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity5737 :: ('6352', 'Gene') :: ['RANTES'] @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes'] @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity'] @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['TNF-a'] @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['NADPH'] @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1'] @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['adiponectin'] @entity4155 :: ('3605', 'Gene') :: ['IL-17'] @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide'] @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-y'] @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis'] @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders', 'cardiovascular disease']
@entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']
