@entity16762 , @entity5815 , causes a sight-threatening form of @entity1036 . Even after extensive therapies, @entity16 can be severe, often requiring corneal transplantation to restore vision. However, @entity45 are not eliminated from the conjunctiva and stroma of @entity1 and can excyst, resulting in @entity281 of the corneal transplant. The aim of this study was to determine whether elements of the innate immune apparatus, neutrophils and macrophages, were capable of detecting and eliminating @entity45 and to examine the mechanism by which they kill the cysts. Results show that neither innate immune cell is attracted chemotactically to intact cysts, yet both were attracted to lysed cysts. Both macrophages and neutrophils were capable of killing significant numbers of cysts, yet neutrophils were 3-fold more efficient than macrophages. Activation of macrophages with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma did not increase their cytolytic ability. Conditioned medium isolated from macrophages did not lyse the cysts; however, prevention of phagocytosis by @entity11119 inhibited 100% of macrophage-mediated killing of the cysts. Conditioned medium from neutrophils did kill significant numbers of the cysts, and this killing was blocked by @entity3092 , a potent inhibitor of myeloperoxidase (MPO). These results indicate that neither macrophages nor neutrophils are chemoattracted to intact cysts, yet both are capable of killing the cysts. Macrophages killed the cysts by phagocytosis, whereas neutrophils killed cysts through the secretion of MPO.

The interaction of XXXX cysts with macrophages and neutrophils.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans'] @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis'] @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['corneal damage'] @entity16762 :: ('5755', 'Species') :: ['Acanthamoeba castellanii'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection'] @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['A. castellanii cysts'] @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['a free-living amoeba'] @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin'] @entity11119 :: ('MESH:D015638', 'Chemical') :: ['cytochalasin D']
@entity16762 :: (5755,Species) :: ['Acanthamoeba castellanii']
