PURPOSE: @entity1486 screening has led to the early detection of @entity263 . However, there has also been concern about the over diagnosis and overtreatment of @entity1 with indolent @entity5 . We performed a population based analysis to evaluate the trade-off between excess treatment and prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey from 2001 to 2010 to determine rates of @entity1486 screening. We used the SEER  database to identify all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity263 from 1988  (pre- @entity1486 screening) to 2010. Demographic, staging and  treatment data were collected. Cases were classified as early (low/intermediate risk), high risk, node positive or metastatic disease. RESULTS: @entity1486 screening rates in the last 2 years were 54% for @entity1 older than 40 years, including 71% for those older than 60, and did not vary  during 2001 to 2010. Comparing 1988 and 2000 to 2010, per 100,000 @entity1 the incidence of early @entity263 increased (61.7 to 113.7), while high risk @entity5 increased (20.7 to 28.2), node positive @entity5 decreased (3.7 to 1.8) and  metastatic @entity5 decreased (13.6 to 6.2). The rate of definitive primary treatment (radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy) for @entity1 with early @entity5 increased from 47% to 67% (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1486 screening has led to an additional diagnosis of 5.8 cases of early stage @entity5 and 3.9 cases receiving treatment for @entity5 for every 1 less case of stage IV disease at initial diagnosis. This ratio represents the worst-case scenario for overtreatment and provides a quantitative basis for studying the effect of @entity1486 screening.

Trade-Off between Treatment of Early XXXX and Incidence of @entity263 in the Prostate Screening Era.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men'] @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'early  cancer'] @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen', 'Prostate specific antigen']
@entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']
