BACKGROUND: Intra-articular injection of local anaesthetics, opioids and corticosteroids is frequently used to obtain perioperative @entity1337 following joint surgery. Although local anaesthetics were shown to induce chondrotoxicity, the safety profile regarding chondrotoxicity of other injected drugs is less clear. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to investigate @entity137 of drugs used for intra-articular @entity1337 . DESIGN: An experimental in-vitro study. SETTING: Hannover Medical School, science laboratory, 2013. MATERIAL: @entity1 cartilage cell line @entity68136 -a2. INTERVENTION: Incubation of cells with different concentrations of @entity1341 , @entity16346 , @entity1286 and @entity619 for 1h. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fraction of @entity4404 positive and @entity4404 and @entity2667 double positive cells after 1h of incubation with tested drug measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Both @entity1286 (0.1 to 10 moll) and @entity619 (10 to 1000 mol/l) failed to induce @entity137 after 1h of exposure. The previously reported chondrotoxicity of @entity1341 (10 to 500 moll or 2.8 to 140 gml) was confirmed by a concentration-dependent increased staining with @entity4404 and @entity2667 . Exposure to @entity16346 (10 to 500 moll) induced a significant late apoptotic and necrotic cell fraction at 10 moll or 2.4 gml. Concentrations of 100 and 500 moll induced a significant increase in early apoptotic cells. CONCLUSION: @entity1286 and @entity619 showed no cytotoxic effects in our study and might thus be better alternatives to the clinically frequently applied @entity1341 . @entity16346 induced an intensive dose-dependent cytotoxic effect and should probably be avoided for intra-articular injection.

Differential cytotoxic properties of drugs used for intra-articular injection on XXXX chondrocytes: An experimental in-vitro study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Human'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity'] @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide'] @entity4404 :: ('308', 'Gene') :: ['Annexin V'] @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia'] @entity68136 :: ('c|SUB|T|28|C', 'DNAMutation') :: ['T/C 28'] @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine'] @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone'] @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['Morphine', 'morphine'] @entity16346 :: ('CHEBI:60799', 'Chemical') :: ['s-ketamine', 'S-ketamine']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']
