BACKGROUND/AIMS: Invasive @entity364 of the head and neck are rare life-threatening @entity281 where prompt diagnosis and intervention is critical for survival. The aim of this study is to determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of invasive @entity364 and orbit, and to compare @entity2583 and @entity281 . METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted from a single tertiary care eye and ear hospital over 20   years (1994-2014). Twenty-four @entity1 with a confirmed pathological diagnosis of invasive @entity364 and/or orbit were identified and their medical records were reviewed. The main outcome measures were type of fungus, location of disease, mortality and visual outcome. RESULTS: @entity1 with orbital involvement had a higher mortality and higher likelihood of @entity281 compared with those with @entity1817 (78.6% vs 20%, p=0.01; 86% vs 30%, p=0.01, respectively). @entity1 with @entity2583 had a higher mortality (71%) than @entity1 with @entity17555 (29%); however, this was not statistically significant (p=0.16). All @entity1 with orbital involvement and/or @entity281 were immunosuppressed or had inadequately controlled @entity6 , and had a @entity129 or @entity1319 . All five post-transplant @entity1 with @entity2694 died, while the two transplant @entity1 with @entity281 survived. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity364 are more likely to be infected with @entity2583 compared with @entity17555 and have a higher mortality compared with @entity281 sparing the orbit. History of transplant portends a dismal prognosis in @entity2694 . Invasive @entity364 should be considered in any immunocompromised @entity1 presenting with a new @entity129 or @entity1319 .

Invasive @entity364 and orbit: a comparison between XXXX and @entity17555 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathy'] @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['mucormycosis'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes'] @entity17555 :: ('MESH:C535390', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillus'] @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital infections'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'sinus infections', 'Aspergillus infection', 'mucormycosis infection', 'mucormycosis infections'] @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal disease', 'fungal infections', 'orbital fungal infections', 'fungal disease of the sinus'] @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sinus-only disease'] @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['ocular motility abnormality', 'ocular motility dysfunction']
@entity2583 :: (MESH:D009091,Disease) :: ['mucormycosis']
