UNASSIGNED: @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) is widely prescribed for treatment of @entity302 , @entity1316 , @entity2704 , and @entity9 . It exerts its therapeutic benefits through multiple mechanisms, including enhancement of GABAergic activity, activation of prosurvival protein kinases, and inhibition of histone deacetylase. Increasing evidence suggests that @entity2052 possesses neuroprotective properties. We examined neuroprotective effects of @entity2052 in an @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) excitotoxicity model, which mimics some of the pathological features of @entity726 . In  vivo retinal imaging using optical coherence tomography revealed that @entity143 -induced @entity2000 was suppressed in the @entity2052 -treated retina, and histological analyses confirmed that @entity2052 reduced @entity989 . In  vivo electrophysiological analyses demonstrated that @entity227 was prevented in the @entity2052 -treated retina, clearly establishing both histological and functional effects of @entity2052 . @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ) expression was up-regulated in M  ller glial cells, and neuroprotective effects of @entity2052 on retinal ganglion cells were significantly reduced in a conditional knockout @entity19 with deletion of @entity26304 ( @entity26304 ), a receptor for @entity9140 from retinal ganglion cells. The results show that @entity2052 stimulates @entity9140 up-regulation in M  ller glial cells and provide direct evidence that neuronal @entity26304 is important in @entity2052 -mediated neuroprotection. Also, @entity2052 suppresses oxidative stress induced by @entity143 in the retina. Our findings raise intriguing possibilities that the widely prescribed drug @entity2052 may be useful for treatment of @entity726 .

@entity1092 Prevents @entity143 -Induced XXXX via Stimulation of Neuronal @entity26304 Receptor Signaling.

@entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF'] @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration'] @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartate'] @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse strain'] @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid'] @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma'] @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders'] @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraines'] @entity2052 :: ('CHEBI:39867', 'Chemical') :: ['VPA'] @entity26304 :: ('18212(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TrkB', 'tropomyosin receptor kinase B'] @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy'] @entity143 :: ('CHEBI:6121', 'Chemical') :: ['NMDA'] @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion cell death'] @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']
@entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['Retinal Ganglion Cell Death']
