It has been shown that @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) has a potent stimulatory effect on the growth of @entity511 cells in vitro. In order to examine the production of this family of growth factors and their receptors in vivo, we studied the expression of @entity2533 isoforms 1, 2, and 3 and of @entity2533 receptor types I and II (TGF-betaRI and @entity2534 ) in a series of 24 @entity511 of bone using immunohistochemistry and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. For comparison, five @entity83 were also analyzed. @entity2533 was expressed in 3 benign lesions (30%) and 18 @entity511 (75%), with a significantly higher expression in grade-2 and -3 @entity5 than in grade-1 @entity5 ( P=0.002). @entity6474 was identified in 8 benign lesions (89%) and 21 @entity511 (87.5%), with increased expression in grade-2 and -3 @entity511 in comparison with grade-1 @entity5 ( P=0.05). @entity1934 was detected in 6 benign lesions (60%) and 17 @entity511 (70.8%), with no significant differences between @entity511 of different histologic grade ( P=0.6). Twenty-three @entity511 (95.8%) expressed both @entity2533 receptor types I and II. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis performed on ten @entity511 confirmed the presence of low or absent levels of @entity46576 mRNA in grade-1 @entity511 , while grade-2 @entity511 presented high levels of transcript of both cytokines. High levels of TGF-betaRI and RII mRNA were also detected. @entity511 with @entity2533 and @entity6474 overexpression (>20% of @entity5 cells) had a significantly higher expression of the cell proliferation marker @entity1758 ( P=0.006 and P=0.0003, respectively), while no significant correlation was found between @entity1934 expression and proliferative activity ( P=0.5). When @entity2533 isoform and receptor expression were examined with respect to disease-free survival, @entity2533 overexpression was significantly associated with a shorter disease-free survival ( P=0.004, log-rank test). Our data indicate that @entity2533 isoforms are produced by @entity5 and could have a potential role as autocrine growth stimulators in these @entity5 .

XXXX isoform and receptor expression in chondrosarcoma of bone.

@entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'chondrosarcomas', 'Chondrosarcomas'] @entity46576 :: ('7040;7042', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1 and -beta2'] @entity2534 :: ('7048', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-betaRII'] @entity83 :: ('MESH:D002812', 'Disease') :: ['enchondromas and five osteochondromas'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'neoplastic cells of chondrosarcomas', 'tumors'] @entity1758 :: ('57534', 'Gene') :: ['MIB-1'] @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'TGF-beta', 'transforming growth factor-beta'] @entity1934 :: ('7043', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta3'] @entity6474 :: ('7042', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta2']
@entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['Transforming growth factor-beta']
