STUDY OBJECTIVES: Emerging evidence suggests that @entity22 may disrupt reward-related brain function-a potentially important factor in the development of @entity308 . Adolescence may be a period during which such disruption is especially problematic given the rise in the incidence of @entity22 and ongoing development of neural systems that support reward processing. The present study uses longitudinal data to test the hypothesis that disruption of neural reward processing is a mechanism by which @entity22 symptoms-including @entity22 ( @entity22 ) and nonrestorative sleep (NRS)-contribute to @entity308 in adolescent @entity1 . DESIGN: Longitudinal. SETTING: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. @entity1 : 123 adolescent @entity1 and their caregivers. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS: @entity22 and NRS were assessed annually from ages 9 to 13 years. @entity1 completed a monetary reward task during a functional MRI scan at age 16 years. @entity308 symptoms were assessed at ages 16 and 17 years. Multivariable regression tested the prospective associations between @entity22 and NRS, neural response during reward anticipation, and the mean number of @entity308 (omitting sleep problems). NRS, but not @entity22 , during early adolescence was positively associated with late adolescent dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) response to reward anticipation and @entity308 . DMPFC response mediated the relationship between early adolescent NRS and late adolescent @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that NRS may contribute to @entity308 by disrupting reward processing via altered activity in a region of prefrontal cortex involved in affective control. The results also support the mechanistic differentiation of @entity22 and NRS.

Neural Reward Processing Mediates the Relationship between Insomnia Symptoms and XXXX in Adolescence.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girls', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'Girls'] @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive', 'depressive disorder', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression'] @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal insomnia symptoms', 'NIS', 'insomnia']
@entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']
