@entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) represents a @entity5 caused primarily by defective @entity204 ( @entity204 ), as opposed to increased cell proliferation. Defects in the @entity204 pathway also contribute to chemoresistance. The expression of several apoptosis-regulating proteins, including the @entity588 family proteins @entity588 , @entity1836 , @entity2423 , @entity589 , @entity2428 , and @entity1835 ; the @entity588 -binding protein @entity3274 ; and the cell death protease @entity522 ( @entity522 ), was evaluated by immunoblotting using 58 peripheral blood @entity1072 specimens from previously untreated @entity1 . Expression of @entity588 , @entity2423 , @entity3274 , @entity589 , @entity2428 , and @entity522 was commonly found in circulating @entity1072 cells, whereas the @entity1836 and @entity1835 proteins were not present. Higher levels of the anti-apoptotic protein @entity2423 were strongly correlated with failure to achieve complete remission (CR) after single-agent therapy ( @entity3118 or @entity5805 ) (P = .001), but the presence of only seven CRs among the 42 @entity1 for whom follow-up data were available necessitates cautious interpretation of these observations. Higher levels of the anti-apoptotic protein @entity3274 were also marginally associated with failure to achieve CR (P = .04). Apoptosis-regulating proteins were not associated with @entity1 age, sex, Rai stage, platelet count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, or lymph node involvement, although higher levels of @entity588 and a high @entity588 : @entity589 ratio were correlated with high numbers (>10(5)/microL) of white blood cells (WBC) (P = .01; .007) and higher levels of @entity2428 were weakly associated with loss of allelic heterozygosity at 13q14 (P = .04). On the basis of measurements of apoptosis induction by @entity3118 using cultured @entity1072 specimens, in vitro chemosensitivity data failed to correlate with in vivo clinical response rates (n = 42) and expression of the various apoptosis-regulating proteins. Although larger prospective studies are required before firm conclusions can be reached, these studies show the expression in B-CLLs of multiple apoptosis-regulating proteins and suggest that the relative levels of some of these, such as @entity2423 , may provide information about in vivo responses to chemotherapy. In vitro chemosensitivity data, however, do not appear to be particularly useful in predicting responses in @entity1072 .

Expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins in XXXX : correlations with In vitro and In vivo chemoresponses.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity2428 :: ('578', 'Gene') :: ['Bak'] @entity589 :: ('581', 'Gene') :: ['Bax'] @entity588 :: ('596', 'Gene') :: ['Bcl-2'] @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Gene') :: ['BAG-1'] @entity522 :: ('836', 'Gene') :: ['CPP32', 'Caspase-3'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic disorder'] @entity1836 :: ('598', 'Gene') :: ['Bcl-XL'] @entity2423 :: ('4170', 'Gene') :: ['Mcl-1'] @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'B-CLL'] @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil'] @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'programmed cell death'] @entity1835 :: ('572', 'Gene') :: ['BAD']
@entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']
