BACKGROUND: Evidence from experimental models and clinical studies supports a major role for @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) in renal @entity82 . The aim of this study was to use repeated measurement of plasma @entity2533 as an indicator of persistent expression in a cohort of @entity1 during the first 2 years post-renal transplantation and to correlate the findings with the development of @entity740 ( @entity4004 ). METHODS: Active plasma @entity2533 was quantified in 100 consecutive renal allograft recipients (samples/ @entity1 = 35.6 +/- 12.9) under standard clinical management for a mean of 23 months (range 3.4-45 months). All @entity1 were followed up for a minimum of 5 years. RESULTS: By 5 years, 23 @entity1 had developed biopsy-proven @entity4004 ( @entity4004 +), all of whom had been positive for plasma @entity2533 . Demographic data were compared between @entity1 who were @entity4004 + and @entity4004 -negative ( @entity4004 -) and were not significantly different. @entity2533 exposure expressed as area under the curve / day (AUC/day) was correlated with the incidence of @entity4004 . A Cox regression model was used to investigate the interrelationship of @entity4004 , acute cellular rejection (ACR) and @entity2533 levels. ACR episodes were predictive of the development of @entity4004 (log-rank test, p=0.003). After allowing for the effect of ACR (hazard ratio [HR]=3.6; 95% confidence ratio [95% CI], 1.5-8.7) between @entity1 with and without ACR episodes, p=0.003), the independent effect of @entity2533 was confirmed (HR=1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.6; per quartile; p=0.008). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that episodes of ACR are highly predictive of chronic damage in the graft. Cumulative exposure to @entity2533 is identified as an independent predictor of @entity4004 in the first 2 years posttransplantation.

XXXX in @entity740 following renal transplantation.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis'] @entity4004 :: ('MESH:C567382', 'Disease') :: ['CAN'] @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic allograft nephropathy'] @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor-beta1']
@entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGF-beta1']
