Reperfusion therapy must be applied as soon as possible to attenuate the ischemic insult of @entity583 ( @entity583 ). However reperfusion is responsible for additional @entity296 , which likely involves opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). In @entity5721 , @entity2383 is a determining factor in causing loss of cardiomyocyte function and viability. Major mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction include the long lasting opening of mPTPs and the oxidative stress resulting from formation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS). Several signaling cardioprotective pathways are activated by stimuli such as preconditioning and postconditioning, obtained with brief intermittent @entity63 or with pharmacological agents. These pathways converge on a common target, the mitochondria, to preserve their function after @entity63 /reperfusion. The present review discusses the role of mitochondria in cardioprotection, especially the involvement of @entity855 -dependent @entity972 channels, ROS signaling, and the mPTP. Ischemic postconditioning has emerged as a new way to target the mitochondria, and to drastically reduce lethal @entity5721 . Several clinical studies using ischemic postconditioning during angioplasty now support its protective effects, and an interesting alternative is pharmacological postconditioning. In fact ischemic postconditioning and the mPTP desensitizer, @entity205 , have been shown to induce comparable protection in @entity583 @entity1 .

XXXX / @entity5721 and cardioprotective mechanisms: Role of mitochondria and reactive @entity26 species.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage'] @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury'] @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A'] @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium'] @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction'] @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate'] @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial damage']
@entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemia']
