Sporadic @entity1204 can be divided into two biologically and clinically distinctive subtypes of which one is @entity172 -related (type I), the other @entity172 -unrelated (type II). @entity189 occur at younger age, express @entity172 (ER) and @entity1420 receptors (PR), are frequently associated with @entity1869 and show a good prognosis. @entity189 occur at older age, are negative for ER and PR, arise in the background of atrophic endometrium and show poor prognosis. Histologically, @entity4348 correspond to @entity189 whereas @entity189 is the prototype of @entity189 . @entity4348 are significantly different with respect to their molecular changes. @entity4348 frequently show @entity124 ( @entity124 ), @entity983 and @entity984 mutation but infrequently @entity876 mutations, loss of @entity986 expression and @entity1722 /neu amplification, respectively. In contrast, @entity189 show a high frequency of @entity876 mutations and often loss of @entity986 expression whereas @entity124 and @entity983 and @entity984 mutations are uncommon. @entity1204 associated with HNPCC occur about two decades earlier than @entity5 , show endometrioid histology and are frequently @entity124 positiv due to germline mutations of mismatch repair genes (mostly @entity6756 and @entity4311 ). During the progression of @entity4348 @entity983 mutations and @entity124 are considered early changes since they are present in a high frequency in @entity1869 whereas @entity876 mutations, loss of @entity986 expression and @entity1722 /neu amplification are considered late events since they are predominantly found in poorly differentiated @entity5 . In contrast, @entity876 mutations are considered an early event in the pathogenesis of @entity189 occurring already in its putative precursor @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ). The future research will focus, besides the discovery of new relevant genes, on the interaction of known genes as well as their clinical relevance.

[Dualistic model of molecular pathogenesis in XXXX ].

@entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['Familial endometrial carcinoma', 'EIC', 'endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma'] @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen'] @entity6756 :: ('4292', 'Gene') :: ['MLH1'] @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['microsatellite instability', 'MIN'] @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone'] @entity986 :: ('1029', 'Gene') :: ['p16'] @entity984 :: ('3845', 'Gene') :: ['K-ras'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic carcinomas', 'tumors'] @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['serous carcinoma', 'Type II carcinomas', 'Type I carcinomas', 'serous carcinomas', 'type II carcinomas', 'type I carcinomas'] @entity4311 :: ('4436', 'Gene') :: ['MSH2'] @entity876 :: ('7157', 'Gene') :: ['p53'] @entity983 :: ('5728', 'Gene') :: ['PTEN'] @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['atypical endometrial hyperplasia', 'endometrial hyperplasia'] @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['Endometrioid carcinomas', 'Endometrioid and serous carcinomas', 'endometrioid carcinomas', 'endometrioid carcinoma'] @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['her2']
@entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']
