UNASSIGNED: In this work we develop a @entity146 ( @entity146 ) scheme for classification of @entity358 for grating-based x-ray radiography. In addition to conventional transmission radiography, the grating-based technique provides a dark-field imaging modality, which utilizes the scattering properties of the x-rays. This modality has shown great potential for diagnosing early stage @entity2415 and @entity82 in @entity19 lungs in vivo. The @entity146 scheme is developed to assist radiologists and other medical experts to develop new diagnostic methods when evaluating grating-based images. The scheme consists of three stages: (i) automatic lung segmentation; (ii) feature extraction from lung shape and dark-field image intensities; (iii) classification between healthy, @entity2415 and @entity82 lungs. A study of 102 @entity19 was conducted with 34 healthy, 52 @entity2415 and 16 @entity82 subjects. Each image was manually annotated to build an experimental dataset. System performance was assessed by: (i) determining the quality of the segmentations; (ii) validating @entity2415 and @entity82 recognition by a linear support vector machine using leave-one-out cross-validation. In terms of segmentation quality, we obtained an overlap percentage (  ) 92.63              3.65%, Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) 89.74              8.84% and Jaccard Similarity Coefficient 82.39              12.62%. For classification, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of diseased lung recognition was 100%. Classification between @entity2415 and @entity82 resulted in an accuracy of 93%, whilst the sensitivity was 94% and specificity 88%. In addition to the automatic classification of lungs, deviation maps created by the @entity146 scheme provide a visual aid for medical experts to further assess the severity of @entity358 in the lung, and highlights regions affected.

Computer-aided diagnosis of XXXX using x-ray darkfield radiography.

@entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis'] @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['computer-aided diagnosis', 'CAD'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse'] @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema'] @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']
@entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary diseases']
