OBJECTIVE: To investigate if the first national insecticide-treated bed-net campaign in Burkina Faso, done in 2010, was followed by a decrease in childhood @entity311 in a district with high baseline transmission of the disease. METHODS: We obtained data on the prevalence of @entity3964 parasitaemia in @entity1 aged 2 weeks to 36 months from @entity311 surveys in 2009 and 2011. We assessed morbidity in @entity1 younger than 5  years by comparing data from the Nouna health district's health management information system before and after the campaign in 2010. We analysed mortality data from 2008 to 2012 from Nouna's health and demographic surveillance system. FINDINGS: The bed-net campaign was associated with an increase in the reported use of insecticide-treated nets. In 2009, 73% (630/869) of @entity1 reportedly slept under nets. In 2011, 92% (449/487) did. The campaign had no effect on the proportion of young @entity1 with @entity3964 parasitaemia after the rainy season; 52% (442/858) in 2009 and 53% (263/499) in 2011. Cases of @entity311 increased markedly after the campaign, as did the number of @entity1 presenting with other diseases. The campaign was not associated with any changes in @entity1 mortality. CONCLUSION: The 2010 insecticide-treated net campaign in Burkina Faso was not associated with a decrease in care-seeking for @entity311 or all-cause mortality in @entity1 younger than 5  years. The most likely explanation is the high coverage of nets in the study area before the campaign which could have had an effect on mosquito vectors, limiting the campaign's impact.

An insecticide-treated bed-net campaign and childhood XXXX in Burkina Faso.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child'] @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['malaria'] @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']
@entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']
