Glycogen synthesis from various combinations of substrates by hepatocytes isolated from @entity35 fasted 24 h was studied. As reported by Katz et al. (Katz, J., Golden, S., and Wals, P. A. (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 73, 3433-3437), appreciable rates of glycogen synthesis occurred only in the presence of gluconeogenic precursors and one of several @entity1522 , which includes @entity9640 . @entity4307 had negligible effects on glycogen synthesis from 20 mM @entity12039 and/or 15 mM @entity413 when @entity9640 was not added to the medium. In the presence of 10 mM @entity9640 , @entity4307 greatly increased glycogen synthesis from these substrates. @entity6525 was ineffective, as was oleate. @entity8777 depressed glycogen synthesis from 10 mM @entity413 plus 20 mM @entity12039 in the absence of added @entity9640 and enhanced that in its presence, but these effects were weak compared to those of @entity4307 . The @entity535 analogues @entity68881 and @entity36772 exerted effects that were similar to those exerted by @entity4307 . Under all conditions studied, @entity1880 and @entity5808 inhibited net glycogen synthesis. @entity1880 did not stimulate gluconeogenesis from @entity12039 , or phosphorylase in hepatocytes from starved @entity35 , or glycogenolysis in hepatocytes from fed @entity35 . @entity5808 , however, stimulated glycogenolysis in hepatocytes from fed @entity35 . Glycogen synthesis from 20 mM @entity12039 proceeds with a pronounced initial lag phase that can be shortened by incubation of cells with @entity1160 plus @entity368 before addition of @entity12039 . Concurrent measurements of glycogen synthesis, glycogen synthase, and gluconeogenesis under different conditions reveal that in addition to protein synthesis, activation of glycogen synthase, which must occur to allow glycogen synthesis in hepatocytes, requires a second component which can be satisfied by addition of @entity12039 or @entity948 to the cells.

Multiple requirements for glycogen synthesis by hepatocytes isolated from fasted XXXX .

@entity5808 :: ('MESH:D011691', 'Chemical') :: ['Puromycin', 'puromycin'] @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids'] @entity8777 :: ('CHEBI:31206', 'Chemical') :: ['NH4Cl'] @entity4307 :: ('CHEBI:15603', 'Chemical') :: ['L-leucine', 'L-Leucine'] @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine'] @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine'] @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid'] @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide', 'Cycloheximide'] @entity9640 :: ('CHEBI:18050', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamine'] @entity68881 :: ('CHEBI:18314', 'Chemical') :: ['L-norvaline'] @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose'] @entity6525 :: ('MESH:C013082', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-Ketoisocaproate'] @entity12039 :: ('MESH:D004098', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroxyacetone'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose'] @entity36772 :: ('CHEBI:18347', 'Chemical') :: ['L-norleucine']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']
