@entity472 in the elderly is related to calcification of either a bicuspid valve or a morphologically normal tricuspid valve. There is increasing evidence that factors relating to @entity731 are involved in @entity340 and that it is an actively regulated process rather than a degenerative one. With severe @entity472 left @entity123 occurs, decreasing wall stress and supporting the left ventricular ejection fraction. However, with pathologic @entity1184 there is a dropout of myocardial cells, @entity63 , and @entity82 . Eventually, symptoms of @entity951 , non-Q wave @entity583 , exertional @entity1163 , and @entity712 occur. Once symptoms begin, the prognosis is poor, with @entity944 occurring in about one third of @entity1 who die. In the elderly, symptoms can be recognized very late in the course of the disease since they can be attributed to other problems and since the elderly @entity1 may have reduced physical activity to a minimum. The more comorbidities that exist, the greater the risk of valve replacement. Symptomatic @entity1 with severe @entity472 even over age 80 can be operated upon with a relatively low mortality and morbidity. In @entity1 over age 80, prolongation of life for any meaningful length of time is not as important as relief of symptoms and improvement in the quality of life. Thus, it is unlikely that any truly asymptomatic @entity1 over age 80, even with severe @entity472 , should be sent to surgery.

Pathophysiology of XXXX in the elderly.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis'] @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure'] @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction'] @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial ischemia'] @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy'] @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death'] @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope'] @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic stenosis', 'aortic stenosis'] @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina'] @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy'] @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis'] @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular calcification']
@entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valvular aortic stenosis']
