Many commercially available cell lines have been in culture for ages, acquiring phenotypes that differ from the original @entity5 from which these cell lines were derived. Therefore, research on new cell lines could improve the success rates of translational research in @entity5 . We have developed methods for the isolation and culture of @entity1 @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) cells from @entity19 xenografts of @entity1 @entity1124 . We hypothesize that phenotypes of @entity1124 cells are modified by in vitro culture conditions over time and by in vivo implantation. @entity1 -derived xenografts were created in immunodeficient @entity19 using surgically resected @entity5 specimens. These @entity19 xenografts were then used to establish @entity1 @entity1124 cell lines in culture. Earlier (<5) passage and later (>20) passage cell lines were evaluated separately regarding proliferation, cell cycle, genetic mutations, invasiveness, chemosensitivity, tumorigenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) status, and proteomics. Later passage cells accelerated their doubling time and colony formation, and were more concentrated in the G0/G1 phase and less in the G2/M checkpoint phase. Later passage cells were more sensitive to @entity136 and @entity1487 than earlier passage cells, but all four new cell lines were more chemo-resistant compared with commercial ATCC cell lines. EMT induction was observed when establishing and passaging cell lines in vitro and furthermore by growing them as subcutaneous @entity5 in vivo. This study demonstrates a novel approach to the establishment of @entity1124 cell lines and observes a process by which newly established cell lines undergo phenotypic changes during in vitro culture and in vivo tumorigenesis. This may help explain differences of treatment effects often observed between experiments conducted in vitro, in vivo, and in @entity1 clinical trials.

Two-dimensional culture of XXXX pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells results in an irreversible transition from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Patient'] @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'murine'] @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine'] @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']
