INTRODUCTION: @entity299 ( @entity299 ) is associated with multiple risk factors, consanguinity may be one such significant factor. The role of consanguinity in the etiology of @entity299 is supported by inbreeding studies, which demonstrate an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance of some @entity4297 . This study was done to find out the risk factors for @entity299 . METHODS: A case-control study was done on pediatric @entity1 at a tertiary care hospital, Aga Khan University Hospital, located in Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 500 @entity1 , 250 cases and 250 controls were included in the study. RESULTS: Amongst the 250 cases (i.e. those diagnosed with @entity299 ), 122 @entity1 (48.8%) were born of consanguineous marriages while in the controls (i.e. non- @entity299 ) only 72 @entity1 (28.9%) showed a consanguinity amongst parents. On multivariate analysis, consanguinity emerged as an independent risk factor for @entity299 ; adjusted odds ratio 2.59 (95% C. I. 1.73 - 3.87). Other risk factors included low birth weight, maternal co-morbidities, family history of @entity299 and first born @entity1 . On the other hand, medications used by the mother during the index pregnancy, maternal age and gender of the @entity1 did not significantly increase the risk of developing @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: Analyses of our results show that parental consanguinity, family history of @entity299 , maternal co-morbidities, first born @entity1 and low birth weight are independent risk factors for @entity299 .

Risk factors predisposing to XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child'] @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital heart disease', 'CHD']
@entity4297 :: (MESH:D006330,Disease) :: ['congenital heart defects']
