The antinociceptive effect of alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonists is mediated by activation of descending inhibiting noradrenergic systems, which modulates 'wide-dynamic-range' neurones. Furthermore, they inhibit the liberation of @entity4757 and endorphines and activate serotoninergic neurones. Despite this variety of antinociceptive actions, there is still little experience with alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonists as therapeutic agents for use in @entity1118 syndromes. Studies in animals and @entity1 have shown that the transdermal, epidural and intravenous administration of the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist @entity1338 reduces @entity158 intensity in @entity9 syndromes for periods varying from some hours up to 1 month. @entity1 suffering from lancinating or sharp @entity158 respond best to this therapy. Topically applied @entity1338 (200-300 microg) relieves @entity1931 in sympathetically maintained @entity158 . Epidural administration of 300 microg @entity1338 dissolved in 5 ml @entity1219 0.9 % has also been shown to be effective. In @entity1 suffering from @entity5 tolerant to opioids, @entity158 control has proved possible again with combinations of opioids and @entity1338 . In isolated cases @entity1338 has been administered epidurally at a dose of 1500 microg/day for almost 5 months without evidence for any histotoxic property of @entity1338 . Side effects often observed during administration of alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonists are @entity2133 , sedation, @entity551 and @entity1168 . Therapeutic interventions are usually not required.

[Alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists for the treatment of XXXX ].

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain'] @entity1219 :: ('CHEBI:26710', 'Chemical') :: ['NaCl'] @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dry mouth'] @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia'] @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain'] @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine'] @entity4757 :: ('6863', 'Gene') :: ['substance P'] @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain'] @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']
@entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']
