Cardiovascular risk factors cluster in @entity28 individuals. @entity2690 resistance emerges as a common pathogenetic denominator underlying the risk factor cluster. Defects in nonesterified @entity1718 metabolism have been implicated in the abnormal lipid and @entity413 metabolism which characterize the cluster. Other evidence also leads to the adipocyte as an important contributor to the risk factor cluster and @entity65 through effects not only on @entity1718 but also on leptin, @entity2289 , and @entity2178 , to name a few. @entity1718 are elevated among @entity1144 individuals, are more resistant to suppression by @entity2690 , and may contribute to @entity101 . @entity1718 may affect blood pressure by inhibiting endothelial @entity842 synthase activity and impairing endothelium-dependent vasodilation. @entity1718 increase alpha1-adrenoceptor-mediated vascular reactivity and enhance the proliferation and migration of cultured vascular smooth-muscle cells. Several effects of @entity1718 are mediated through oxidative stress. @entity1718 can also interact with other facets of cluster, including increased @entity2178 , to accentuate oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, in turn, is implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity2690 resistance, @entity101 , @entity455 . A clearer delineation of the key reactive @entity26 signaling pathways and the impact of various interventions on these pathways could facilitate a rationale approach to antioxidant therapy and improved outcomes among the rapidly growing number of high-risk, @entity2690 -resistant, @entity28 individuals.

@entity2690 resistance and XXXX .

@entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular remodeling, and vascular complications'] @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension'] @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese'] @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'angiotensinogen'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity2690 :: ('3630', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin', 'insulin'] @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominally obese'] @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose'] @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['Fatty acids', 'fatty acids'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']
@entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']
