@entity703 are increasingly diagnosed and are frequently treated by nephron-sparing surgery. @entity5 can be ablated by radiofrequency (RF) energy, which allows the operator to create very localized @entity39 . Radiofrequency interstitial @entity5 ablation (RITA) has been used in @entity1 kidneys in an ex vivo experiment to assess the @entity39 produced in a model close to physiologic conditions and then in three @entity1 with @entity703 prior to radical nephrectomy. In the ex vivo model, four freshly removed kidneys were treated. Bipolar RF energy was delivered by a generator connected to two needles introduced parallel to each other into the renal parenchyma. A thermocouple was inserted between the two active electrodes. The renal artery at physiologic conditions was maintained at a constant temperature of perfusion of 37 degrees C by a computer-assisted Hot-line monitor. Two lesions were produced in each pole of each kidney including the cortex and the medulla. In an initial @entity1 study focusing on safety, feasibility, and pathology, three @entity1 were treated by RITA with bipolar and monopolar energy. One @entity1 with a peripheral 2-cm @entity5 was treated percutaneously under ultrasound guidance with local anesthesia only 1 week prior to surgery. The other @entity1 , with 3- and 5-cm @entity5 , were treated during surgery under general anesthesia just before nephrectomy. Ex vivo, the maximum temperature at the active needles ranged from 84 degrees C to 130 degrees C with 10 to 14 W applied during 10 to 14 minutes. Lesions were on average 2.2 x 3 x 2.5 cm.3 Microscopic examination showed stromal @entity4 with intensive pyknosis. No damage was seen to adjacent untreated tissue. In the in vivo procedure, tolerance of @entity6093 as an anesthesia-free procedure was excellent. The size of the observed lesions was comparable to the forecast size depending on the needle deployment. No side effects were noted, and no adjacent structures were affected by the RF ablation. These preliminary studies demonstrate the ability of RITA to produce localized extensive @entity39 in kidney parenchyma and @entity5 safely under local anesthesia. Further studies could evaluate this new minimally invasive treatment in small @entity703 considered for nephron-sparing surgery.

Radiofrequency interstitial @entity5 ablation (RITA) is a possible new modality for treatment of XXXX : ex vivo and in vivo experience.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic lesions'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors', 'upper-pole tumor'] @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema'] @entity6093 :: ('116535', 'Gene') :: ['RTA'] @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['Small renal tumors', 'kidney tumors', 'localized renal cancer']
@entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal cancer']
