BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The association between hygiene and prevalence of @entity792 has been attributed in part to @entity281 . A pilot study of experimental @entity281 with the hookworm @entity17447 was undertaken among a group of otherwise healthy @entity1 with celiac disease to test the potential of the helminth to suppress the immunopathology induced by gluten. METHODS: In a 21-week, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, we explored the effects of @entity17447 @entity281 in 20 healthy, helminth-na  ve adults with celiac disease well controlled by diet. Staged cutaneous inoculations with 10 and 5 infective 3(rd) stage hookworm larvae or placebo were performed at week-0 and -12 respectively. At week-20, a five day oral @entity3505 challenge equivalent to 16 grams of gluten per day was undertaken. Primary outcomes included duodenal Marsh score and quantification of the immunodominant a-gliadin peptide (QE65)-specific systemic interferon-y-producing cells by ELISpot pre- and post- @entity3505 challenge. RESULTS: Enteric colonisation with hookworm established in all 10 cases, resulting in transiently @entity158 in 5. @entity281 was asymptomatic, with no effect on hemoglobin levels. Although some duodenal @entity1712 was apparent, hookworm-infected mucosa retained a healthy appearance. In both groups, @entity3505 challenge caused deterioration in both primary and several secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Experimental @entity17447 @entity281 proved to be safe and enabled testing its effect on a range of measures of the @entity1 autoimmune response. Infection imposed no obvious benefit on pathology. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00671138.

Effect of hookworm infection on XXXX challenge in celiac disease--a randomised double-blinded placebo controlled trial.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people'] @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia'] @entity3505 :: ('4565', 'Species') :: ['wheat'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['enteric helminth infection', 'infection', 'Chronic infection'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful enteritis'] @entity17447 :: ('51031', 'Species') :: ['N. americanus', 'Necator americanus'] @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']
@entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']
