Previous studies have suggested that @entity1745 by the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs during neck flexion cause @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ). However, the exact pathophysiology of @entity3799 is still unknown, and surgical treatment for @entity3799 remains controversial. We examined retrospectively @entity1 with @entity3799 based on studies of the clinical features, neuroradiological findings, and neurophysiological assessments. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the pathophysiology of @entity3799 , and to examine an optimal surgical treatment. Twenty-three @entity1 (20 male, three female) with age of onset ranging from 11 to 23 years (mean 15.7 years) were examined for the study. All @entity1 were inspected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), myelogram, or computed tomographic myelogram (CTM) of the cervical spine. In eight @entity1 , dynamic motor evoked potentials (MEP) studies were performed. Five @entity1 underwent surgical treatment; two @entity1 had cervical duraplasty with laminoplasty, two @entity1 had musculotendinous transfer, one @entity1 had both of these procedures, and the remaining 18 @entity1 were treated conservatively. Amyotrophy of the hand intrinsic and flexor muscle group of the forearm except the brachioradial muscle was observed hemilaterally in 20 @entity1 and bilaterally in three @entity1 . In three @entity1 , T1-weighted MRI with neck flexion showed linear high intensity regions in the epidural space. In all @entity1 , axial MRI/CTM demonstrated flattening of the spinal cord with the posterior surface of the dura mater shifting anteriorly. The amplitude of MEPs decreased after cervical flexion in two @entity1 with progressive @entity2057 . In three @entity1 , dysesthesia of the upper @entity1746 disappeared following cervical duraplasty. Musculotendinous transfer for three @entity1 significantly improved the performance of their upper extremity. The findings of this study suggest that degenerative changes of the dura mater may be a characteristic pathology of @entity3799 . Cervical duraplasty with laminoplasty is effective for cases at an early stage, and musculotendinous transfer should be selected in @entity1 at a late stage.

Pathophysiology and treatment for XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['extremities'] @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression'] @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical flexion myelopathy', 'CFM'] @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscular atrophy']
@entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['cervical flexion myelopathy']
