It has been claimed that @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity191 is less severe than multiple system @entity194 . @entity5433 , however, increases with progression of @entity191 . We studied the relation between @entity5433 and disease severity by cardiovascular function testing with the Valsalva maneuver. The study group comprised 20 healthy controls (age, 52.7 +/- 13.6 years) and 31 @entity1 with @entity191 (59.0 +/- 7.2 years), including 13 who were previously untreated (55.0 +/- 6.2 years) and 18 who were receiving levodopa (61.8 +/- 7.1 years). The Valsalva maneuver was done having the subject exhale into a mouthpiece with an expiratory pressure of 40 mmHg for 15 seconds. Blood pressure and RR interval were measured during the Valsalva maneuver by tonometry, using a non-invasive blood pressure monitoring system (ANS 508, Nihon Colin Co., Ltd). Baroreceptor reflex sensitivities ( @entity4375 ) of the second phase ( @entity4375 II) and fourth phase ( @entity4375 IV) of the Valsalva maneuver were calculated, and blood pressure elevations during the late second phase (IIp) and fourth phase (IVp) were measured. @entity4375 II, @entity4375 IV, and IVp in the @entity1 of @entity191 were significantly lower than those of healthy controls. @entity4375 II, @entity4375 IV, and IIp, however, did not significantly differ between the previously untreated @entity1 and healthy controls. IVp of the previously untreated @entity1 was significant lower than that of healthy controls. @entity4375 II and @entity4375 IV of @entity1 with @entity191 who were receiving levodopa for less than 5 years were significantly lower than those of the healthy controls. @entity4375 II, @entity4375 IV, and IIp decreased as disease duration increased, while IVp was unrelated to disease duration. These results suggest that @entity1 with early @entity191 have @entity299 with maintained baroreceptor reflex sensitivity. Reduced baroreceptor reflex sensitivity was associated with levodopa treatment in @entity1 with @entity191 . Baroreceptor reflex sensitivity decreased and vasomotor sympathetic @entity5433 developed as duration of disease increased.

[Relation between @entity5433 and progression of XXXX ].

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity4375 :: ('11246', 'Species') :: ['BRS'] @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"] @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac sympathetic autonomic dysfunction'] @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['Autonomic dysfunction', 'autonomic dysfunction'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular dysfunction']
@entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']
