BACKGROUND: @entity645 drug resistance represents a major threat for effective treatment. We assessed the trends in the frequency of drug resistance mutations and the monitored @entity1800 ( @entity1800 ) in @entity34 ( @entity34 ) and @entity34 ( @entity34 ) individuals infected with @entity2858 in Qu  bec, Canada, between 2001 and 2011. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Resistance data were obtained from 4,105 and 5,086 genotypic tests performed on @entity34 and @entity34 @entity1 , respectively. Concomitantly, 274,161 @entity1800 tests were carried out in the Province. Changes over time in drug resistance frequency and in different categories of @entity1800 were assessed using univariate logistic regression. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between the rates of certain mutations and antiretroviral prescriptions. From 2001 to 2011, the proportion of undetectable @entity1800 test results continually increased, from 42.1% to 75.9%, while a significant decrease in the frequency of resistance mutations associated with protease inhibitors [PI (from 54% to 16%)], @entity2353 [NRTI (from 78% to 37%) and non- @entity2353 reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NNRTI (from 44% to 31%)] was observed in @entity34 @entity1 . In @entity34 individuals, the overall frequency of transmitted drug resistance was 13.1%. A multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the introduction of co-formulated @entity15832 / @entity15833 or @entity15832 / @entity15833 /efavirenz was positively associated with the decrease of the frequency of the @entity24539 /V mutations observed overtime (p=0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a significant decrease in the frequency of drug resistance mutations in @entity34 @entity1 , concomitant with a decrease in the proportion of @entity1 with detectable @entity646 . These findings may be related to both the increased potencies and adherence to therapy associated with newer antiretroviral regimens. Nevertheless, our data demonstrate that broad use of antiretrovirals does not increase the level of circulating drug resistant variants.

A Significant Reduction in the Frequency of XXXX Drug Resistance in Qu  bec from 2001 to 2011 Is Associated with a Decrease in the Monitored Viral Load.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside'] @entity646 :: ('MESH:D014766', 'Disease') :: ['viremia'] @entity24539 :: ('p|SUB|M|184|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['M184I'] @entity2858 :: ('11676', 'Species') :: ['HIV-1'] @entity645 :: ('57667', 'Species') :: ['HIV'] @entity15832 :: ('MESH:C122114', 'Chemical') :: ['emtricitabine'] @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['VL', 'viral load'] @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['tenofovir'] @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['treatment-na  ve', 'TN', 'TE', 'treatment-experienced']
@entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']
