BACKGROUND: @entity286 smoke exposure increases the risk of @entity5 in the liver, but little is known about the possible risk associated with exposure to ambient air pollution. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the association between residential exposure to air pollution and primary @entity96 incidence. METHODS: We obtained data from four cohorts with enrolment during 1985-2005 in Denmark, Austria and Italy. Exposure to @entity16425 ( @entity6836 and NOX), particulate matter (PM) with diameter of less than 10  m (PM10), less than 2.5  m (PM2.5), between 2.5 and 10  m ( @entity68887 ) and PM2.5 absorbance (soot) at baseline home addresses were estimated using land-use regression models from the ESCAPE project. We also investigated traffic density on the nearest road. We used Cox proportional-hazards models with adjustment for potential confounders for cohort-specific analyses and random-effects meta-analyses to estimate summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Out of 174,770 included @entity1 , 279 @entity96 cases were diagnosed during a mean follow-up of 17 years. In each cohort, HRs above one were observed for all exposures with exception of PM2.5 absorbance and traffic density. In the meta-analysis, all exposures were associated with elevated HRs, but none of the associations reached statistical significance. The summary HR associated with a 10- g/m(3) increase in @entity6836 was 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93, 1.30) and 1.34 (95% CI: 0.76, 2.35) for a 5- g/m(3) increase in PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide suggestive evidence that ambient air pollution may increase the risk of @entity96 . Confidence intervals for associations with @entity6836 and NOX were narrower than for the other exposures.

Ambient air pollution and primary XXXX incidence in four European cohorts within the ESCAPE project.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants'] @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Tobacco'] @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer'] @entity6836 :: ('CHEBI:29785', 'Chemical') :: ['NO2'] @entity16425 :: ('MESH:D009589', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen oxides'] @entity68887 :: ('1262040(Tax:10661)', 'Gene') :: ['PM2.5-10']
@entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']
