UNASSIGNED: Overcoming the failure of axon regeneration in the @entity1 central nervous system (CNS) after injury remains a major challenge, which makes the search for pro-regenerative molecules essential. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in axonal outgrowth during CNS development and show increased expression levels during vertebrate CNS repair. In mammals, MMPs are believed to alter the suppressive extracellular matrix to become more permissive for axon regrowth. We investigated the role of MMPs in axonal regeneration following optic nerve crush (ONC) in adult @entity3392 , which fully recover from such injuries due to a high intrinsic axon growth capacity and a less inhibitory environment. Lowering general retinal MMP activity through intravitreal injections of @entity718 after ONC strongly reduced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axonal regrowth, without influencing RGC survival. Based on a recently performed transcriptome profiling study, the expression pattern of four MMPs after ONC was determined via combined use of Western blotting and immunostainings. @entity17683 and -13a were increasingly present in RGC somata during axonal regrowth. Moreover, @entity68954 became upregulated in regrowing RGC axons and inner plexiform layer (IPL) synapses respectively. In contrast, after an initial rise in IPL neurites and RGC axons during the injury response, Mmp-14 expression decreased during regeneration. Altogether, a phase dependent expression pattern for each specific MMP was observed, implying them in axonal regrowth and @entity389 after injury. In conclusion, these data suggest a novel, neuron intrinsic, function for multiple MMPs in axon regrowth that is distinct from breaking down environmental barriers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Matrix metalloproteinases as promising regulators of axonal regrowth in the injured adult XXXX retinotectal system.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian'] @entity68954 :: ('337179;406397', 'Gene') :: ['Mmp-2 and -9'] @entity17683 :: ('337179(Tax:7955)', 'Gene') :: ['Mmp-2'] @entity718 :: ('MESH:C078131', 'Chemical') :: ['GM6001'] @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner retina remodeling'] @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['zebrafish']
@entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']
