OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether passive cigarette smoke exposure increases the risk of @entity3 in @entity1 . METHODS: In a population-based case-control study, 171 @entity1 aged 0 to 12 years with culture-confirmed @entity3 during the years 1994 to 2004 were identified. and patterns of Health Plan membership. We reviewed medical records of subjects and family members for information on household cigarette smoke exposure within 2 years of the diagnosis of @entity3 . We collected information on sex, race, pneumococcal vaccination, selected medical conditions, and medications in the 3 months before the diagnosis. RESULTS: Similar proportions of cases (25%) and controls (30%) had definite or probable passive smoke exposure (odds ratio [OR] = 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.47-1.2). Cases of @entity3 were more likely to be nonwhite than controls (OR = 4.4, 95% CI = 2.3-8.2). Elevated risk of @entity3 was found in subjects with recent pulmonary diagnoses (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.2-4.0) and recent antibiotic use (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.3). CONCLUSIONS: Passive cigarette smoke exposure was not associated with @entity3 in this pediatric population. @entity3 was associated with recent pulmonary diagnoses and recent antibiotic use.

Passive Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Other Risk Factors for Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in XXXX : A Case-Control Study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive pneumococcal disease', 'invasive pneumococcal disease']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']
