In @entity19 , seminal fluid elicits an @entity32 -like response in the female genital tract that activates immune adaptations to advance the likelihood of conception and pregnancy. In this study, we examined whether similar changes in leukocyte and cytokine parameters occur in the @entity1 cervix in response to the male partner's seminal fluid. After a period of abstinence in proven-fertile @entity1 , duplicate sets of biopsies were taken from the ectocervix in the periovulatory period and again 48 h later, 12 h after unprotected vaginal coitus, vaginal coitus with use of a condom, or no coitus. A substantial influx of @entity1195 (+) cells mainly comprising @entity5750 (+) macrophages and @entity4896 (+) dendritic cells expressing @entity1453 and MHC class II was evident in both the stratified epithelium and deeper stromal tissue after coitus. CD3(+) @entity405 (+)CD45RO(+) T cells were also abundant and increased after coitus. Leukocyte recruitment did not occur without coitus or with condom-protected coitus. An accompanying increase in @entity2841 , @entity650 , @entity687 , and @entity1192 expression was detected by quantitative RT-PCR, and microarray analysis showed genes linked with @entity32 , immune response, and related pathways are induced by seminal fluid in cervical tissues. We conclude that seminal fluid introduced at intercourse elicits expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and a robust recruitment of macrophages, dendritic cells, and memory T cells. The leukocyte and cytokine environment induced in the cervix by seminal fluid appears competent to initiate adaptations in the female immune response that promote fertility. This response is also relevant to transmission of sexually transmitted pathogens and potentially, susceptibility to cervical @entity4648 .

Seminal fluid induces leukocyte recruitment and cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression in the XXXX cervix after coitus.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['IL6'] @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['CSF2'] @entity5750 :: ('929', 'Gene') :: ['CD14'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity1195 :: ('5788', 'Gene') :: ['CD45'] @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia'] @entity1453 :: ('3683', 'Gene') :: ['CD11a'] @entity1192 :: ('3552', 'Gene') :: ['IL1A'] @entity687 :: ('3576', 'Gene') :: ['IL8'] @entity405 :: ('925', 'Gene') :: ['CD8'] @entity4896 :: ('909', 'Gene') :: ['CD1a']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']
