BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Analysis of specific features in the brain of @entity1 with @entity10146 ( @entity10146 ) may clarify normal and abnormal brain development and help predict outcomes for specific @entity1 . We assessed sulcal and gyral patterns of cerebral cortex in @entity1 with @entity10146 and developed a method of grading brain development. METHODS: Neuroimaging studies (75 MR imaging, 21 CT) of 96 @entity1 with @entity10146 were retrospectively reviewed, with specific attention paid to the cerebral cortex. Thickness of cortex, width of gyri, and depth of sulci were assessed subjectively and by measurement. The angle between lines drawn tangential to the sylvian fissures ("sylvian angle") was measured in each @entity1 with @entity10146 and in 20 control @entity1 . RESULTS: Thickness of cortex was normal in all 96 @entity1 . Gyral shape and width and sulcal depth were normal in 80 @entity1 . Twelve @entity1 , all with very severe @entity10146 and @entity4242 , had reduced sulcal depth, diffusely in eight and limited to the anteromedial cortex in four with lobar @entity10146 . Four @entity1 had @entity4289 , located anterior to the interhemispheric fissure, associated with shallow sulci in the overlying cortex. Sylvian fissures were displaced further anteriorly and medially as @entity10146 became more severe, until, in the most severe cases, no sylvian fissures could be identified. Sylvian angle measurements corresponded closely with severity of @entity10146 , being largest in the most severe and smallest in the least severe cases. All @entity1 with @entity10146 had sylvian angles significantly larger than the mean of 15 degrees measured in the control @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The only true @entity6795 were @entity4289 . However, diffuse and focal abnormal sulci were observed. We propose our sylvian angle measurement of extent of frontal lobe development as an objective means of quantifying the severity of @entity10146 .

Analysis of the cerebral cortex in XXXX with attention to the sylvian fissures.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity4289 :: ('MESH:D054221', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical heterotopia'] @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['malformations of cortical development'] @entity10146 :: ('MESH:D016142', 'Disease') :: ['HPE', 'holoprosencephaly'] @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']
@entity10146 :: (MESH:D016142,Disease) :: ['holoprosencephaly']
