OBJECTIVE: To compare facial growth characteristics in @entity1 with @entity2419 who have undergone pharyngeal flap with those who had palatal lengthening or pharyngoplasty and to control subjects who have not had surgery for @entity1739 ( @entity1739 ). DESIGN: Matched retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Multidisciplinary cleft care center. @entity1 : All @entity1 with @entity2419 who had undergone pharyngeal flap or pharyngoplasty/palatal lengthening for @entity1739 were included. @entity1 with @entity2122 or those who had undergone maxillary protraction were excluded. A control group did not undergo surgery for @entity1739 . The three groups were matched based on cleft type and ages at @entity1739 surgery and cephalogram. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Thirteen craniofacial measurements were evaluated on postoperative cephalograms using an analysis of variance with a Bonferroni adjustment for significant measures (a = 0.05). RESULTS: Seventy-two @entity1 were included; mean ages at @entity1739 surgery and postoperative cephalogram were 5 and 8 years, respectively. Twelve of thirteen craniofacial measures were not significantly different; notably, this included maxillary height and projection. Only gonial angle was found to differ significantly (P = .018) in that pharyngoplasty and pharyngeal flap yielded a smaller angle compared with that in control subjects. CONCLUSION: Facial growth, and in particular maxillary growth, was not altered as expected after pharyngeal flap surgery. Pharyngeal flap appears to be equivalent to pharyngoplasty and palatal lengthening in that no significant effects on early facial growth were detected after surgery for @entity1739 in this cohort of @entity1 with @entity2419 .

Do Pharyngeal Flaps Restrict Early Midface Growth in XXXX with Clefts?

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS'] @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['VPI', 'velopharyngeal insufficiency'] @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate'] @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial syndromes']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']
