BACKGROUND: Addition of high-dose @entity2592 (HDCA) to the conventional @entity786 /total-body irradiation (CY/ @entity131 ) regimen significantly improved prognosis after cord blood transplantation (CBT) for adult @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). The efficacy of HDCA in bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (BMT/PBSCT), however, has not yet been elucidated. FINDINGS: We conducted a cohort study to compare the prognosis of HDCA/CY/ @entity131 (N   =   435) and CY/ @entity131 (N   =   1667) in BMT/PBSCT for @entity3052 / @entity2590 using a Japanese transplant registry database. The median age was 38  years, and 86.0  % of the @entity1 had @entity3052 . Unrelated donors comprised 54.6  %, and 63.9  % of donors were human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched. Overall survival (OS) was not improved in the HDCA/CY/ @entity131 group (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.14; p   =   0.13). Neutrophil engraftment was inferior (HR, 0.80; p   <   0.01), and the incidence of @entity2335 and @entity9818 increased in HDCA/CY/ @entity131 (HR, 1.47 and 1.60; p   =   0.06 and 0.04, respectively), leading to significantly higher non-relapse mortality (NRM; HR, 1.48; p   <   0.01). Post-transplant relapse and @entity5 -related mortality were not suppressed by the addition of HDCA. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated the inefficacy of HDCA/CY/ @entity131 in BMT/PBSCT for @entity3052 / @entity2590 . Our results should be validated in large-scale prospective studies.

Clinical significance of high-dose @entity2592 added to XXXX /total-body irradiation in bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for @entity5 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy'] @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS'] @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide'] @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML'] @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine'] @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic cystitis']
@entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']
