Second @entity5 (SPTs) develop at an annual rate of 3-7% in @entity1 with @entity135 ( @entity135 ). In a previous Phase III study, we observed that high doses of @entity10211 reduced the SPT rate in this disease. In 1991, we launched an intergroup, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose @entity10211 in the prevention of SPTs in @entity1 with stage I or II squamous cell @entity1697 , or pharynx who had been previously successfully treated with surgery, radiotherapy, or both, and whose diagnoses had been established within 36 months of study entry. As of September 16, 1999, the @entity554 Head and Neck Second Primary (HNSP) Trial had completed accrual with 1384 registered @entity1 and 1191 @entity1 randomized and eligible. All of the @entity1 were followed for survival, SPT development, and index @entity5 recurrence. Smoking status was assessed at study entry and during study. Smoking cessation was confirmed biochemically by measurement of serum @entity4874 levels. The annual rate of SPT development was analyzed in terms of smoking status and @entity5 stage. As of @entity4456 , 2000, SPTs have developed in 172 @entity1 . Of these, 121 (70.3%) were @entity286 -related SPTs, including 113 in the aerodigestive tract (57 lung SPTs, 50 @entity135 SPTs, and 6 esophageal SPTs) and 8 bladder SPTs. The remaining 51 cases included 23 @entity263 , 8 @entity344 , 6 @entity0 , 3 @entity320 , and 11 other @entity5 . The annual rate of SPT development observed in our study has been 5.1%. SPT development related to smoking status was marginally significant (active versus never, 5.7% versus 3.5%; P = 0.053). Significantly different smoking-related SPT development rates were observed in current, former, and never smokers (annual rate = 4.2%, 3.2%, and 1.9%, respectively, overall P = 0.034; current versus never smokers, P = 0.018). Stage II @entity135 had a higher overall annual rate of SPT development (6.4%) than did stage I disease (4.3%; P = 0.004). When evaluating the development of smoking-related SPTs, stage was also highly significant (4.8% for stage II versus 2.7% for stage I; P = 0.001). Smoking-related SPT incidence was significant for site as well (larynx versus oral cavity, P = 0.015; larynx versus pharynx, P = 0.011). @entity5 recurred at an annual rate of 2.8% in a total of 97 @entity1 . The rate of recurrence was higher in @entity1 with @entity34 (4.1% versus 2.2%, P = 0.004) as well as oral cavity site when compared with larynx (P = 0.002). This is the first large-scale prospective chemoprevention study evaluating smoking status and its impact on SPT development and recurrence rate in @entity135 . The results indicate significantly higher SPT rates in active smokers versus never smokers and significantly higher smoking-related SPT rates in active smokers versus never smokers, with intermediate rates for former smokers.

The impact of smoking status, disease stage, and index @entity5 site on second XXXX incidence and @entity5 recurrence in the head and neck retinoid chemoprevention trial.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell cancer', 'HNSCC'] @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco'] @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate adenocarcinomas'] @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the larynx, oral cavity'] @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Primary tumors'] @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies'] @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine'] @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['13-cis-retinoic acid'] @entity4456 :: ('5580', 'Gene') :: ['May 1'] @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas'] @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinoid'] @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']
@entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['primary tumor']
