INTRODUCTION: The holy grail of @entity5 treatment is prevention. Chemoprevention is the use of specific agents to prevent, inhibit or reverse the process of @entity5 formation before malignancy. This review aims to explore the clinical approaches to investigation for chemoprevention and to discuss the more promising agents that have proceeded on to clinical trials. METHODS: A Medline search was done using the words @entity14 , chemoprevention, models, surrogate markers and prevention clinical trials. RESULTS: Research into chemopreventive agents is highly dependent on an effective model in which studies may be performed and from which results may be extrapolated into the @entity1 or clinical setting. As @entity105 is a prolonged biological event, intermediate surrogate markers that will reliably predict future @entity5 risk are usually studied. Various models are used with varying impact. Among some of the more recent agents being explored, the @entity2247 inhibitors are emerging as strong potential agents. However, there are significant side-effects that need to be overcome first before routine use may be considered. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is presently no agent available for the safe, widespread use for the chemoprevention of @entity14 , research into this area is rapidly progressing and may in the future change the paradigm of @entity5 treatment.

Chemoprevention of XXXX --experimental approach and clinical applications.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer'] @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer'] @entity2247 :: ('4513', 'Gene') :: ['COX-2'] @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']
@entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']
