OBJECTIVE: We aimed to characterize metabolic status by body mass index (BMI) status. METHODS: The CRONICAS longitudinal study was performed in an age-and-sex stratified random sample of @entity1 aged 35 years or older in four Peruvian settings: Lima (Peru's capital, costal urban, highly urbanized), urban and rural Puno (both @entity2222 ), and Tumbes (costal semirural). Data from the baseline study, conducted in 2010, was used. Individuals were classified by BMI as normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), and @entity28 (>= 30 kg/m2), and as metabolically healthy (0-1 metabolic abnormality) or metabolically unhealthy (>= 2 abnormalities). Abnormalities included individual components of the @entity209 , high-sensitivity @entity1851 , and insulin resistance. RESULTS: A total of 3088 (age 55.6  12.6 years, 51.3% females) had all measurements. Of these, 890 (28.8%), 1361 (44.1%) and 837 (27.1%) were normal weight, overweight and @entity28 , respectively. Overall, 19.0% of normal weight in contrast to 54.9% of overweight and 77.7% of @entity28 individuals had >= 3 risk factors (p<0.001). Among normal weight individuals, 43.1% were metabolically unhealthy, and age >= 65 years, female, and highest socioeconomic groups were more likely to have this pattern. In contrast, only 16.4% of overweight and 3.9% of @entity28 individuals were metabolically healthy and, compared to Lima, the rural and urban sites in Puno were more likely to have a metabolically healthier profile. CONCLUSIONS: Most Peruvians with overweight and @entity28 have additional risk factors for @entity65 , as well as a majority of those with a healthy weight. Prevention programs aimed at individuals with a normal BMI, and those who are overweight and @entity28 , are urgently needed, such as screening for elevated fasting @entity165 and @entity413 .

XXXX Are Common among South American Hispanics Subjects with Normal Weight or Excess Body Weight: The CRONICAS Cohort Study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants'] @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity'] @entity2222 :: ('MESH:C535833', 'Disease') :: ['high-altitude'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose'] @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease'] @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol'] @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']
@entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Metabolic Abnormalities']
