OBJECTIVE: Trigeminal and cervical afferents converge on neurons of the trigeminocervical complex and may significantly alter the function of these neurons. This interaction may have implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of @entity12967 . Therefore, the aim of this work was to study @entity158 modulatory mechanisms within the trigeminocervical complex. SUBJECTS: We used an electrical @entity158 model challenging pro- and antinociceptive systems in 19 healthy volunteers. METHODS: Transcutaneous supraorbital noxious electrical low-frequency stimulation (0.5  Hz), known to induce both @entity1931 due to central sensitization (as a marker of @entity158 facilitation) and habituation (as a marker of @entity158 inhibition), was combined with different noxious stimulation paradigms applied to the innervation territory of upper cervical afferents. We investigated the effects of concurrent stimulation in the cervical/extratrigeminal system on habituation profiles, @entity1931 area, @entity158 , and detection thresholds in the trigeminal system. RESULTS: It was previously shown that conditioning 20-Hz noxious electrical stimuli may provoke centrally mediated sensory decline that possesses heterotopic antihyperalgesic properties. Occipital and forearm costimulation at a frequency of 20  Hz had no significant modulating effect on supraorbital @entity158 adaptation, @entity1931 area, or @entity158 perception. Effects for trigeminal stimulation were independent of occipital stimulus intensity. Furthermore, for single occipital stimulation at 0.5 and 20  Hz, no somatosensory changes could be demonstrated within the trigeminal system. CONCLUSION: Trigeminal nociception stayed unchanged despite of occipital costimulation.

Neuromodulation of Electrically Induced XXXX in the Trigeminocervical System.

@entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesic', 'hyperalgesia'] @entity12967 :: ('MESH:D051270', 'Disease') :: ['primary headache disorders'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain']
@entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['Hyperalgesia']
