Although treatments for @entity0 have improved and long-term survival after diagnosis is now common, prevention of the disease is the ultimate goal. Weight loss or weight maintenance is one approach that has been recommended to reduce the risk of @entity0 , particularly for peri/postmenopausal @entity1 . This approach is supported by decades of data indicating that calorie restriction prevents spontaneous and chemically induced @entity5 development in rodents. In most cases, calorie restriction was implemented by a consistent daily reduction of calories, i.e. chronic calorie restriction (CCR). There have also been several studies where periods of reduced caloric intake were followed by periods of refeeding, i.e. intermittent calorie restriction (ICR), resulting in the prevention of spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis. In most of the early studies, there were no direct comparisons of CCR to ICR. One study using moderate calorie restriction in a chemically induced @entity0 @entity35 model found a slight increase in @entity5 incidence compared with ad libitum fed and CCR @entity35 . However, recently, it has been demonstrated in several transgenic @entity19 models of @entity0 that ICR consistently provided a greater degree of protection than CCR. This review will provide a detailed comparison of ICR and CCR for @entity0 prevention. It will also examine potential mechanisms of action that may include periods of reduced @entity442 and leptin as well as an increase in the adiponectin:leptin ratio. Application of this approach to at-risk @entity1 may provide an approach to lower the risk of @entity0 in overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 .

The manner in which calories are restricted impacts XXXX cancer prevention.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women'] @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer'] @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mammary tumor'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse'] @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-I'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'rats']
@entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['mammary tumor']
