BACKGROUND: MRI studies have consistently demonstrated disproportionately smaller corpus callosa in individuals with a history of prenatal @entity285 exposure but have not previously examined the feasibility of detecting this effect in @entity1 . Tissue segmentation of the newborn brain is challenging because analysis techniques developed for the adult brain are not directly transferable, and segmentation for cerebral morphometry is difficult in neonates, due to the latter's incomplete myelination. This study is the first to use volumetric structural MRI to investigate prenatal @entity285 exposure effects in newborns using manual tracing and to examine the cross-sectional area of the corpus callosum (CC). METHODS: 43 nonsedated @entity1 born to 32 Cape Coloured heavy drinkers and 11 controls recruited prospectively during pregnancy were scanned using a custom-designed birdcage coil for @entity1 , which increases signal-to-noise ratio almost two-fold compared to the standard head coil. @entity285 use was ascertained prospectively during pregnancy, and @entity13826 diagnosis was conducted by expert dysmorphologists. Data were acquired using a multi-echo FLASH protocol adapted for newborns, and a knowledge-based procedure was used to hand-segment the neonatal brains. RESULTS: CC was disproportionately smaller in @entity285 -exposed neonates than controls after controlling for intracranial volume. By contrast, CC area was unrelated to @entity1 sex, gestational age, age at scan, or maternal smoking, @entity16349 , or @entity888 use during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Given that midline @entity2122 have been recognized as a hallmark of @entity24344 in @entity1 and animal models since this syndrome was first identified, the CC deficit identified here in newborns may support early identification of a range of midline @entity2383 . Smaller CC during the newborn period may provide an early indicator of fetal @entity285 -related @entity73 that have been linked to this critically important brain structure in childhood and adolescence. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Heavy prenatal XXXX exposure is related to smaller corpus callosum in newborn MRI scans.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'infants', 'infant'] @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial anomalies'] @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine'] @entity16349 :: ('3483', 'Species') :: ['marijuana'] @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits'] @entity24344 :: ('MESH:C535950', 'Disease') :: ['FAS'] @entity13826 :: ('MESH:D063647', 'Disease') :: ['FASD'] @entity285 :: ('D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol'] @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural impairments']
@entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']
