UNASSIGNED: In a previous study, we established a prenatal surgical approach and transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the fetal @entity35 spinal column to treat @entity601 ( @entity601 ). We found that the transplanted MSCs survived and differentiated into neural lineage cells. Various cytokines and extracellular signaling systems in the spinal cord niche play an important role in cell differentiation. In this study, we observed the differentiation of transplanted MSCs in different spinal cord niches and further observed the expression of neurotrophic factor and growth factor in the spinal cord at different developmental stages to explore the mechanism of MSCs differentiation in different spinal cord niches. The results showed that transplanted MSCs expressed markers of neural precursor cells (nestin), neurogliocytes ( @entity40 ), and neurons (  -tubulin). The percentages of GFP+/nestin+ double-positive cells in transplanted MSCs in E16, P1, and @entity7504 @entity35 were 18.31%, 12.18%, and 5.06%, respectively. The percentages of GFP+/ @entity40 + double-positive cells in E16, P1, and @entity7504 @entity35 were 32.01%, 15.35%, and 12.56%, respectively. The percentages of GFP+/  -tubulin+ double-positive cells in E16, P1, and @entity7504 were 11.76%, 7.62%, and 4.88%, respectively. The differentiation rates of MSCs in embryonic spinal cords were significantly higher than in postnatal spinal cords (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, we found that the transplanted MSCs expressed @entity12148 at different developmental stages. After MSC transplantation, we observed that @entity10862 ( @entity10862 ), @entity664 , @entity33396 , @entity18696 ( @entity18696 ), @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) significantly increased in the MSC transplantation group compared with the blank injection group. Furthermore, @entity664 and @entity6667 expression was positively correlated with surviving MSC amounts. In addition, we found that the expression of @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ), @entity10862 , @entity33396 , @entity18696 , epidermal growth factor (EGF), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) decreased with age, and the expression of @entity664 , @entity33187 , @entity69134 , @entity18696 , and PDGF increased with age. Our data suggest that the embryonic spinal cord niche is more conducive to MSCs differentiation after transplantation.

Comparative study on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells between fetal and postnatal XXXX spinal cord niche.

@entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor'] @entity7504 :: ('24525(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['P21'] @entity664 :: ('54250(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2', 'FGF-2'] @entity33396 :: ('29349(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['FGF-8'] @entity69134 :: ('66017(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['FGF-20'] @entity33187 :: ('25443(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['FGF-10'] @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF'] @entity10862 :: ('81737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['NT-3', 'neurotrophic factor-3'] @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['NTDs', 'neural tube defects'] @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'rats'] @entity12148 :: ('24949(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['synapsin-1'] @entity18696 :: ('24827(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor a', 'TGF-a']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']
