UNASSIGNED: Purpose   For @entity1 with intestinal failure, @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) is a life-saving therapy. Unfortunately, @entity409 will occur in 40 to 60% of @entity1 on long-term @entity3147 . While the @entity409 is likely multifactorial, one important chemical component of the disease may be @entity3775 contamination of the @entity3147 . Previous studies have shown a reduction in @entity99 by decreasing the @entity3775 concentration in @entity3147 in a @entity1707 model. We sought to develop a @entity35 model of @entity409 ( @entity409 ) with parenteral @entity3775 . Methods   Adult @entity35 had intravenous long-term catheters placed. The control group underwent daily injections of saline. The study @entity35 had daily injections of either 2 or 3 mg/kg @entity15484 ( @entity15484 ). At the end of 4 weeks, the @entity35 were euthanized and liver and blood samples were taken. The livers were analyzed and graded by a pathologist for histological evidence of @entity409 and @entity32 . The serum was analyzed for total @entity648 , alkaline phosphatase, @entity3929 aminotransferase (ALT), and @entity5906 aminotransferase (AST). Results   There was no difference in serum values of total @entity648 , alkaline phosphatase, ALT, or AST. There was no difference in acute @entity32 among the groups (1 [control], 1.2 [2 mg/kg], 1.1 [3 mg/kg]). The @entity35 treated with parenteral @entity3775 had significantly more Kupffer cells than the control group (0.1 [control], 3 [2 mg/kg], 2.2 [3 mg/kg], p   <   0.0001 [control vs. 2 mg/kg] and 0.0032 [control vs. 3 mg/kg]). There was also more @entity409 in the parenteral @entity3775 groups than the control group (1 [control], 2 [2 mg/kg], 2.5 [3 mg/kg], p   =   0.0341 [control vs. 2 mg/kg] and 0.009 [control vs. 3 mg/kg]). However, there was no difference between 2 and 3 mg/kg @entity15484 for either variable. Conclusion   This study suggests that 4 weeks of parenteral @entity3775 can induce @entity32 and @entity409 in @entity35 . Therefore, we believe that daily injections of parenteral @entity3775 can produce a viable model of @entity409 in @entity35 . However, further studies are warranted, including measurement of serum @entity3775 levels in @entity1 on @entity3147 .

Development of a Reproducible Model of Parenteral Nutrition-Associated @entity409 in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'children', 'patients'] @entity1707 :: ('9823', 'Species') :: ['pig'] @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'acute and chronic inflammation', 'inflammation'] @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin'] @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver degeneration', 'hepatic dysfunction', 'PN-associated liver disease', 'degeneration of the liver', 'PNALD'] @entity15484 :: ('MESH:C010845', 'Chemical') :: ['AlCl3', 'aluminum chloride'] @entity5906 :: ('D001224', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate'] @entity3929 :: ('D000409', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine'] @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats', 'rat'] @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']
