CONTEXT: As the first-line agent for genital warts, podophyllotoxin (POD) could induce extensively skin burning, itching, and erythema. Meanwhile, as a common anti-inflammatory agent, @entity11950 (GA), also has amphipathic and solubilizing properties, indicating that it might be a promising drug carrier. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to formulate and characterize the POD-loaded GA micelles preparation and to evaluate its drug release characteristics and anti-inflammatory properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The novel micelles preparation was prepared by ultrasonic dispersion method and characterized using different scanning calorimetries, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopies. Subsequently, its encapsulation efficiency (EE), drug-loading content (LC), in vitro skin permeation, in vivo drug retention, and distribution of POD were detected. The anti-inflammatory effect of the preparation was reflected by HE staining and immunohistochemistry in the @entity35 skin. RESULTS: The POD-loaded GA micelles formed spherical shapes (approximately 10   nm) with an EE of 78.53        2.17% and a LC of 7.293        0.42%. Meaningfully, unlike the extensive distribution of the POD tincture throughout the skin tissue, POD released from the POD-loaded GA micelles mainly located in the epidermis and could maintain steady skin retention for 12 h. Moreover, the POD-loaded GA micelles induced less leukocyte infiltration and inflammatory factors ( @entity568 and @entity1505 ) expression when compared with the POD tincture. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that the POD-loaded GA micelles could achieve a higher POD distribution in the epidermal layer as well as a lighter @entity32 . This new POD delivery system might be a potential and promising candidate for genital warts and deserved further researches.

Formulation and evaluation of novel XXXX micelles for transdermal delivery of podophyllotoxin.

@entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['skin inflammation'] @entity568 :: ('24498(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IL-6'] @entity11950 :: ('MESH:D019695', 'Chemical') :: ['glycyrrhizic acid'] @entity1505 :: ('24835(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TNF-a'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat']
@entity11950 :: (MESH:D019695,Chemical) :: ['glycyrrhizic acid']
