AIM: To examine the presence of microbial species in primary and secondary @entity281 and identify the signs and symptoms associated with them. METHODOLOGY: A total number of 37 root canals from 33 @entity1 undergoing root canal treatment were selected. Samples were taken using a sterile paper point following chemomechanical canal instrumentation. Microbiological identification was performed by macromorphological, micromorphological and commercial biochemical tests (ATB system). The antibiotic susceptibility profile of isolated @entity797 , Streptococcus and @entity5478 spp. was evaluated. RESULTS: A total number of 54 species were isolated. The most common was @entity797 followed by @entity5478 and Streptococcus spp. Five multidrug-resistant enterococcal strains were isolated. However, resistance to @entity5136 or glycopeptides was not found. Radiolucency was observed significantly more often in symptomatic @entity281 (P  =  0.0061) caused by Actinomyces spp. than in asymptomatic ones. CONCLUSIONS: Enterococci and streptococci were the most commonly isolated bacteria from root canals. The resistance of enterococci to many antimicrobials may pose a problem in their eradication.

The cultivable microbiota of primary and secondary infected root canals, their susceptibility to antibiotics and association with the signs and symptoms of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity5478 :: ('1747', 'Species') :: ['Propionibacterium', 'Propionibacterium acnes'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections'] @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['E.  faecalis', 'Enterococcus'] @entity5136 :: ('MESH:C098010', 'Chemical') :: ['linezolid']
@entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']
