Initial research by Olney, investigating the @entity137 of @entity2227 as a food additive, demonstrated that irreversible ( @entity39 ) changes could be produced in the CNS by @entity2227 . Subsequently, it became clear that the release of excitatory @entity1522 into the extracellular space of nervous tissue may play a role in CNS @entity63 , and, later @entity4053 . Experiments utilizing excitatory @entity535 antagonists at the @entity1024 and other subtypes of excitatory receptor have shown neuronal protection, in both @entity63 and @entity4053 . The protection is robust enough to produce a detectable improvement in @entity51 on neurobehavioral testing, in addition to significantly reducing the number of @entity39 cells in the brain. A third condition where excitotoxicity plays a role is @entity137 . In contrast to @entity63 and @entity4053 , an excitotoxin which is exogenous to the brain plays a role. @entity5228 is contained in mussels which have filter-fed large quantities of @entity5228 -rich phytoplankton, and when contaminated mussels are ingested in large quantities, serious and irreversible CNS effects, accompanied by @entity39 , may result. In contrast to @entity63 and @entity4053 , however, damage is mediated at a different excitatory CNS receptor, namely the @entity4176 receptor. In all three conditions, a constant aspect of the excitotoxic pathology is an increased susceptibility to @entity16 with increasing age. This may be due to the dendritic location of excitatory receptors, and the richer branching of neuronal dendritic trees in aged animals, leading to enhanced susceptibility of the neuron to excitotoxic @entity39 with age.

Excitotoxic mechanisms, and age-related susceptibility to brain damage in @entity63 , XXXX and @entity137 .

@entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxic mussel poisoning'] @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate'] @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartate'] @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia'] @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis'] @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid'] @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['excitotoxic damage'] @entity5228 :: ('MESH:C012301', 'Chemical') :: ['Domoic acid', 'domoate'] @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia'] @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit'] @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainate']
@entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']
