@entity2718 is the main cause of antibiotic-associated @entity294 and @entity8307 in @entity1 and animals. Its pathogenicity is primarily linked to the secretion of two exotoxins (TcdA and TcdB). Although great progress in the toxic mechanism of TcdA and TcdB has been achieved, there are many conflicting reports about the apoptotic mechanism. More importantly, apoptotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been reported in cells treated with Shiga toxins-another kind of cytotoxins that can cause @entity294 and @entity1960 . Herein we checked whether TcdB can induce ER stress. The results showed that recombinant TcdB (rTcdB) activated molecular markers of unfolded protein response, suggesting that rTcdB induced ER stress in CT26 cells. However, rTcdB did not induce the up-regulation of @entity13841 ( @entity13841 ), a classic mediator of apoptotic ER stress, but it activated the precursor of @entity462 aspartic acid-specific protease 12 (caspase-12), a controversial mediator of apoptotic ER stress. Besides, glucosyltransferase activity-deficient mutant recombinant TcdB induced ER stress, though it has no cytotoxic or cytopathic effect on CT26 cells. Altogether, these data demonstrated that ER stress induced by rTcdB is glucosyltransferase-independent, indicating that ER stress induced by rTcdB is non-apoptotic. This work also offers us a new insight into the molecular mechanism of @entity13841 protein expression regulation and the role of @entity13841 expression in ER stress.

Recombinant XXXX toxin B induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in mouse colonal carcinoma cells.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans'] @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine'] @entity13841 :: ('13198(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['CHOP', 'C/EBP homologous protein'] @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea'] @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous colitis'] @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis'] @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']
@entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']
