BACKGROUND: @entity1118 is very common worldwide and can lead to disability, @entity308 and absence from work. Catastrophizing has been proven to affect individuals' belief systems and coping strategies, and it is an essential risk factor for @entity1118 . The @entity158 ( @entity158 ) has been developed for the assessment of catastrophizing. However, a Chinese version of this scale is not available, and physicians are therefore unable to determine which @entity1 are prone to catastrophizing. Additionally, the risk factors for catastrophizing are unknown. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to cross-culturally adapt and validate the @entity158 for simplified Chinese (SC- @entity158 ) and explore the risk factors for catastrophizing in @entity1 from a @entity158 clinic. STUDY DESIGN: We utilized a prospective, nonrandomized, cross-sectional, descriptive survey design. A second analysis of test-retest reliability was performed in a longitudinal, observational study. SETTING: A convenience sample was recruited from a @entity158 clinic in a tertiary hospital. METHODS: This study was performed in 3 stages. In the first stage, the @entity158 was translated and culturally adapted to create a Chinese version; in the second stage, the measurement properties of the SC- @entity158 were tested, including the content validity, construct validity and reliability; and in the third stage, factors affecting catastrophizing in a @entity158 clinic setting were explored. The adaptation was performed using a forward-backward method, and content validity was analyzed by examining the response trend (Z-skewness and item-total correlation). Construct validity was analyzed by assessing structural validity (confirmatory factor analysis [ @entity3795 ] and exploratory factor analysis [EFA]) and a priori hypothesis testing. Reliability was analyzed by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]). Risk factors for catastrophizing were analyzed by multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: A total of 153 @entity1 were included, with a response rate of 96%; no items were excluded from the SC- @entity158 . Both @entity3795 and EFA confirmed a 3-factor structure, and 9/10 of the hypotheses were verified for construct validity. Excellent reliability was acquired with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.91, and an ICC of 0.94 was determined. Risk factors for catastrophizing included college education (beta = 0.47), @entity158 duration (beta = 0.40), female (beta = 0.31), freelancer status (beta = 0.31), and retired status (beta = 0.19). LIMITATIONS: The recruited @entity1 experienced severe @entity158 or long-duration @entity158 in a @entity158 clinic setting. This may limit the applicability of the SC- @entity158 to @entity1 with low or moderate @entity158 levels. CONCLUSION: The @entity158 has been linguistically translated into simplified Chinese and culturally adapted for a Chinese population with remarkable clinical acceptance, good construct validity, and excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Education, @entity158 duration, marital status, gender, income, and use of @entity158 medications are important factors affecting catastrophizing. Key words: @entity1118 , catastrophizing, HADS, SF-12, BPI, risk factor, reliability, validity.

Validation of a Simplified Chinese Version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and an Exploration of the Factors Predicting Catastrophizing in Pain Clinic XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression'] @entity3795 :: ('31658', 'Species') :: ['CFA'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['PCS', 'pain catastrophizing scale', 'pain'] @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']
