OBJECTIVE: To determine whether specific preventive measures reduce the rate of peritoneal @entity1212 and peritoneal catheter loss due to @entity794 . DESIGN: Structured literature synthesis. METHODS: Relevant studies were identified by MEDLINE search, from personal files, and from the reference lists of retrieved articles. We analyzed English-language studies on treatment targeted at @entity794 , with at least 10 subjects and at least 3 months of follow-up, and data on staphylococcal peritoneal dialysis @entity1212 . We excluded noncontrolled studies. Two investigators abstracted data using a structured form. RESULTS: We evaluated six studies with concurrent controls and eight studies with historical controls. In one randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded study, periodic nasal @entity23782 ointment reduced the rate of staphylococcal exit-site infection from 0.42 to 0.12 episodes/ @entity1 -year (p = 0.006), but had no effect on the rates of staphylococcal tunnel infection, @entity298 , or catheter loss. In one randomized study without placebo control, periodic oral @entity1215 reduced the rate of staphylococcal exit-site infection from 0.65 to 0.22 epi/pt-yr (p = 0.011), but had no effect on the rate of @entity298 . In another nonblinded, randomized, controlled study, the use of either @entity1215 or @entity23782 was associated with low rates of staphylococcal @entity1212 and catheter loss. In one study with historical controls, the rate of staphylococcal exit-site infection and @entity298 was lower after oral @entity1215 prophylaxis. In seven other studies comparing nasal or exit-site @entity23782 to historical controls, the rate of staphylococcal exit-site infection decreased from 0.17 to 0.05 epi/pt-yr, the rate of @entity298 decreased from 0.18 to 0.06 epi/pt-yr, and the rate of catheter loss decreased from 0.09 to 0.05 epi/pt-yr during the @entity23782 period. CONCLUSION: The literature provides strong evidence that staphylococcal carriage prophylaxis using either oral @entity1215 or @entity23782 ointment in the nares or exit site reduces significantly the rate of exit-site infection due to @entity794 . Weaker evidence based on studies with historical controls suggests that @entity1215 or @entity23782 prophylaxis also reduces the rate of @entity298 and peritoneal catheter loss. Studies with a stronger level of evidence are needed to verify this last point.

Effect of preventing XXXX carriage on rates of peritoneal catheter-related staphylococcal infections. Literature synthesis.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient'] @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter infections', 'catheter-related infections'] @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus'] @entity23782 :: ('MESH:D016712', 'Chemical') :: ['mupirocin'] @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin'] @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis', 'staphylococcal peritonitis']
@entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']
