BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of peritrocal, intraperitoneal, or combined peritrocal-intraperitoneal @entity1342 on the parietal, visceral, and shoulder @entity158 after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: Eighty @entity1 were randomly assigned to four groups. Group A received peritrocal and intraperitoneal saline. Group B received peritrocal saline and intraperitoneal @entity1342 . Group C received peritrocal @entity1342 and intraperitoneal saline. Group D received peritrocal and intraperitoneal @entity1342 . The parietal, visceral, and shoulder @entity158 were assessed at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h postoperatively using a visual analog scale (VAS). The frequency of the @entity1 pushing the button of the @entity4901 and @entity3575 use were also recorded. RESULTS: In @entity3825 , significantly lower VAS scores were observed in Group B from 2 to 4 h and in Group D from 2 to 8 h. In @entity158 , significantly lower VAS scores were observed in Group C from 4 to 24 h and in Group D from 2 to 12 h. In shoulder @entity158 , significantly lower VAS scores were observed in Group B from 4 to 48 h and in Group D from 2 to 12 h. The @entity3575 use and the frequency to push the button of the PCA were the highest in Group A and the lowest in Group D at every time point. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that peritrocal infiltration of @entity1342 significantly decreases @entity158 and intraperitoneal instillation of @entity1342 significantly decreases the visceral and shoulder @entity158 . Their effects are additive with respect to the @entity158 .

Peritrocal and intraperitoneal XXXX for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled  trial.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain'] @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['tip pain', 'parietal pain', 'total pain'] @entity4901 :: ('CHEBI:36751', 'Chemical') :: ['PCA'] @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']
@entity1342 :: (MESH:C037663,Chemical) :: ['ropivacaine']
