To evaluate therapeutic immunostimulation nine chronic @entity1956 @entity1 received six monthly intradermal vaccinations with HBsAg in combination with daily @entity16332 . Another five @entity1 received six doses of the vaccine and daily @entity16332 together with daily @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) s.c. within 3 months in an open-labeled trial. Clinical efficacy was assessed by @entity493 transaminase levels and @entity97 serology. The induction of specific T and B cell responses was analyzed serially by @entity665 uptake, ELISA and ELISPOT assays. After the therapy was stopped, seven of nine vaccine/ @entity16332 and two of five vaccine/ @entity16332 / @entity1199 recipients did not have detectable @entity97 DNA. Four complete responders cleared the virus and had normalized ALT levels, however, one of these @entity1 showed transient disease reactivation followed by spontaneous viral clearance and normal ALT five months later. Low frequencies of anti-HBs producing B cells and @entity97 specific T helper cells secreting predominantly interferon-gamma were induced by i.d. vaccine therapy. The ELISPOT technique demonstrated transient induction of @entity97 peptide specific cytotoxic T cells in seven HLA-A2 positive chronic @entity97 carriers. The preliminary data from this study demonstrate that the HBV surface antigen vaccine in combination with antiviral or immunomodulating drugs induced antiviral immune responses and consequently viral elimination may be achieved in @entity1 with unfavorable prognosis.

Clinical and immunological efficacy of intradermal vaccine plus @entity16332 with or without @entity1199 in @entity1 with chronic XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity97 :: ('10407', 'Species') :: ['HBV'] @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine'] @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B'] @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine'] @entity1199 :: ('3558', 'Gene') :: ['IL-2', 'Interleukin-2'] @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']
@entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']
