BACKGROUND: There has been poor translation for the use of immunosuppressive agents from @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ), an animal model of @entity15 ( @entity15 ), into the treatment of @entity15 . This may be due to the fact that most @entity6503 studies examine prophylactic, pre-treatment regimes that prove to be therapeutically-ineffective in long-established, often progressive, @entity15 . @entity20083 (fingolimod/Gilenya) is a @entity5595 receptor modulator. This is a new oral agent that markedly reduces the number of relapses in @entity1 with @entity15 , compared with currently licensed injectable agents such as the beta interferons. @entity20083 has activity against lymphocytes but may also influence oligodendroglia and could therefore have the potential to influence progressive @entity15 , by promoting remyelination. METHODS: The effect of @entity20083 was assessed in relapsing-progressive @entity6503 in @entity19 . RESULTS: Early intervention during relapsing @entity6503 could completely inhibit subsequent relapses, inhibited the accumulation of @entity179 , and facilitated motor recovery. However, when examined in secondary progressive @entity6503 , that develops after the accumulation of deficit from relapsing disease, long-term treatment with @entity20083 failed to @entity73 when initiated late (4 months) into the disease course. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that early intervention with immunosuppressive agents may inhibit the generation of the neurodegenerative microenvironment, which is no longer responsive to potent immunosuppression. However, if treatment is initiated too late, progressive, @entity16 continues unabated. This suggests that immunosuppression is insufficient to control secondary progression in animals, as has been found so far to be the case in @entity15 , and may warrant early intervention with @entity20083 for optimal treatment benefit.

Immunosuppression with XXXX is insufficient to prevent secondary progressive @entity179 in @entity6503 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slow deterioration'] @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological-disease'] @entity20083 :: ('MESH:C098720', 'Chemical') :: ['FTY720'] @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration'] @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis'] @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis'] @entity5595 :: ('MESH:C060506', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine-1-phosphate']
@entity20083 :: (MESH:C098720,Chemical) :: ['FTY720']
