BACKGROUND: Light injury to photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelium may lead to oxidative stress and irreversible @entity528 , especially degeneration of the high energy-demanded macula. The model of retinal photodamage could be applied to age-related @entity1020 and other @entity989 for exploring new treatments. Based on broadly investigated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in the field of @entity2000 , we aimed to clarify further how the interaction progresses between @entity558 ( @entity558 ) and light-damaged retina. METHODS: iPSCs were generated from @entity19 embryonic fibroblasts of C57/B6 @entity19 by retroviral transfection of three factors: @entity7002 , @entity14231 , and @entity2005 . Cytokine array was performed to analyze the components of @entity558 . @entity35 receiving white light exposure to retina were viewed as an animal model of light injury. The @entity35 were divided into four subgroups: light-injured @entity35 receiving intravitreal injection of iPSC- @entity558 , apoptotic iPSC- @entity558 , or @entity10457 buffer (PBS); and a control group without light damage. The electroretinography and thickness of outer nuclear layer were measured to document the therapeutic effects in each condition. Apoptosis arrays for detecting @entity13909 and @entity4124 were performed in the retinal tissues from each group. RESULTS: @entity19 embryonic fibroblasts were induced into iPSCs and expressed the marker genes similar to embryonic stem cells. These iPSCs can differentiate into Embryoid bodies (EBs), three germ layers in  vitro and develop @entity44 in severe combined @entity465 @entity19 . The quantitative polymerase chain reaction of our iPSC- @entity558 showed significantly elevated @entity664 , @entity68740 . Compared to @entity35 without photodamage, the light-injured @entity35 receiving iPSC- @entity558 had less reduction of outer nuclear layer thickness on Day 21 than other groups treated with either PBS or apoptotic iPSC- @entity558 . In the same animal model, both a- and b-waves of electroretinography measurement in the group treated with iPSC- @entity558 were significantly maintained compared to the control group and others with apoptotic iPSC- @entity558 or PBS treatment. The apoptosis assay also demonstrated lower levels of @entity13909 and @entity4124 in the group with iPSC- @entity558 treatment than in other groups presenting increasing apoptotic markers. CONCLUSION: The conditional medium of iPSCs contains plenty of cytoprotective, immune-modulative and rescue chemicals, contributing to the maintenance of neuronal function and retinal layers in light-damaged retina compared with apoptotic iPSC- @entity558 and PBS. The antiapoptotic effect of iPSC- @entity558 also shows promise in restoring damaged neurons. This result demonstrates that iPSC- @entity558 may serve as an alternative to cell therapy alone to treat retinal light damage and maintain functional and structural integrity of the retina.

Using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived conditional medium to attenuate the light-induced photodamaged retina of XXXX .

@entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration'] @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'iPSC-conditional medium'] @entity14231 :: ('20674(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Sox2'] @entity664 :: ('54250(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor-2'] @entity68740 :: ('25453;25685;25662;24484', 'Gene') :: ['glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins-1, -2, and -3'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'murine', 'Murine'] @entity4124 :: ('25402(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['caspase 3'] @entity2005 :: ('16600(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Klf4'] @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency'] @entity7002 :: ('100846986', 'Gene') :: ['Oct4'] @entity13909 :: ('25673(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['annexin V'] @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative retinal diseases'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats'] @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration'] @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium phosphate'] @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of retina'] @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']
