BACKGROUND: Thyroid nodules are relatively common (7% of the population) but are malignant in only 5%-10% of cases. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) to detect @entity5 can have > 90% sensitivity but only 50%-65% specificity because of false-positive results, which necessitates surgical controls. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of immunocytochemistry (ICC) of thyroid FNA to improve its sensitivity and specificity. METHODS: We prospectively collected 2038 thyroid FNAs, of which 1397 were FNA biopsies with liquid-based cytology (Thin-Prep-Hologic  ). ICC with @entity4166 and HBME1 antibodies (Dako   A/S) was used for all malignant cases and cases of @entity10479 (AUS), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and nodules suspicious for @entity4929 (SM-PTC) as well as some benign cases (abnormal features on radiography or benign on secondary FNA). ICC results were defined as "non-contributory," "favoring benign," "favoring malignant," or "indeterminate." Results for 150 cases were compared with histological controls for diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS: Of these 150 cases ICC was helpful for benign or malignant triage of 48 cases of AUS, @entity5 , and SM-PTC (42% of these lesions). Six (4%) ICC results were false positive (favoring malignant with benign histology) but none were false negative (favoring benign with malignant histology). Results for indeterminate cytological cases favored @entity5 with sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of 100%, 85.2%, 100%, and 86.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: ICC of thyroid FNAs with @entity4166 and HBME1 antibodies can reduce the false-positive and false-negative results of single morphological analyses. It can increase the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis, thus improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing the need for surgical controls.

Immunocytochemistry with XXXX and anti-human mesothelial cell antibody (HBME1) increases the diagnostic accuracy of thyroid fine-needle aspirations: preliminary report of 150 liquid-based fine-needle aspirations with histological control.

@entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignant or benign disease', 'follicular neoplasm', 'FN'] @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy-papillary thyroid carcinoma'] @entity10479 :: ('MESH:D065309', 'Disease') :: ['atypical cells of undetermined significance'] @entity4166 :: ('3880', 'Gene') :: ['cytokeratin 19']
@entity4166 :: (3880,Gene) :: ['cytokeratin 19']
