The incidence of @entity454 is increasing dramatically. Progression to end-stage may be halted or slowed when @entity8 is detected at an early stage. @entity8 is frequently asymptomatic but is indicated by the presence of @entity644 , @entity811 , or reduced GFR. Population-based studies relating to the prevalence of @entity8 in the community are limited, particularly outside of the United States. Therefore, the prevalence of @entity644 , @entity811 , and reduced GFR in the Australian adult population was determined using a cross-sectional study of 11,247 noninstitutionalized Australians aged 25 yr or over, randomly selected using a stratified, cluster method. Subjects were interviewed and tested for @entity644 -spot urine protein to @entity1011 ratio (abnormal: >/=0.20 mg/mg); @entity811 -spot urine dipstick (abnormal: 1+ or greater) confirmed by urine microscopy (abnormal: >10,000 red blood cells per milliliter) or dipstick (abnormal: 1+ or greater) on midstream urine sample; and reduced GFR-Cockcroft-Gault estimated GFR (abnormal: <60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)). The associations between age, gender, @entity6 , and @entity101 , and indicators of @entity8 were examined. @entity644 was detected in 2.4% of cases (95% CI: 1.6%, 3.1%), @entity811 in 4.6% (95% CI: 3.8%, 5.4%), and reduced GFR in 11.2% (95% CI: 8.6%, 13.8%). Approximately 16% had at least one indicator of @entity8 . Age, @entity6 , and @entity101 were independently associated with @entity644 ; age, gender, and @entity101 with @entity811 ; and age, gender, and @entity101 with reduced GFR. Approximately 16% of the Australian adult population has either @entity644 , @entity811 , and/or reduced GFR, indicating the presence of @entity8 . Identifying and targeting this section of the population may provide a means to reduce the burden of @entity454 .

Prevalence of XXXX in Australian adults: The AusDiab kidney study.

@entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria', 'proteinuria'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney damage', 'Kidney damage'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus'] @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine'] @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria'] @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD']
@entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney damage']
