The prevalence of @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) and @entity28 has recently increased dramatically. These common diseases are likely to arise from the interaction of multiple genetic, socio-demographic and environmental risk factors. While previous research has found genetic risk and education to be strong predictors of these diseases, few studies to date have examined their joint effects. This study investigates whether education modifies the association between genetic background and risk for @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) and @entity28 . Using data from non-Hispanic Whites in the @entity283 ( @entity283 , n  =  8398), we tested whether education modifies genetic risk for @entity28 and @entity2175 , offsetting genetic effects; whether this effect is larger for individuals who have high risk for other (unobserved) reasons, i.e., at higher quantiles of HbA1c and BMI; and whether effects differ by gender. We measured @entity2175 risk using Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, and @entity28 risk using body-mass index (BMI). We constructed separate genetic risk scores (GRS) for @entity28 and @entity6 respectively based on the most current available information on the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) confirmed as genome-wide significant predictors for BMI (29 SNPs) and @entity6 risk (39 SNPs). Linear regression models with years of schooling indicate that the effect of genetic risk on HbA1c is smaller among @entity1 with more years of schooling and larger among those with less than a high school (HS) degree compared to HS degree-holders. Quantile regression models show that the GRS     education effect systematically increased along the HbA1c outcome distribution; for example the GRS     years of education interaction coefficient was  -0.01 (95% CI  =  -0.03, 0.00) at the 10th percentile compared to  -0.03 (95% CI  =  -0.07, 0.00) at the 90th percentile. These results suggest that education may be an important socioeconomic source of heterogeneity in responses to genetic vulnerability to @entity2175 .

Genetic vulnerability to @entity6 and XXXX : Does education offset the risk?

@entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes'] @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRS', 'Health and Retirement Study'] @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']
@entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']
