PURPOSE: To identify the incidence of @entity263 associated-systemic inflammatory syndrome (SIS), and to characterize further this entity, we searched our database as well as the medical literature. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed all @entity1 with @entity263 admitted to the Department of Medical Oncology of the Ioannina University Hospital during the last 3 years. Systematic review of peer-reviewed medical literature was further performed at 3 major libraries (i.e., MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials). No publication year or language restriction was set in the literature search. RESULTS: Retrospective analysis of our @entity1 population identified 4 @entity1 with a SIS (of 63 @entity1 who were metastatic hormone resistant), in whom @entity221 was a sign of disease progression. Inversely, only 4 cases of @entity263 -related @entity221 were found in the literature, in all of them at disease presentation. Consequently, the incidence of inflammatory syndrome in @entity263 seems to be strongly underestimated. A SIS can be an early or late event during the course of the disease, and is generally associated with rapid progression and bad prognosis. Back @entity158 , @entity1295 , night sweats, @entity417 , bone @entity3 , and @entity236 are the most commonly associated signs and symptoms. Because of occasional responses to hormonal or chemotherapeutic treatment, prompt differential diagnosis and therapy are required. CONCLUSIONS: The role of proinflammatory cytokines in biochemical pathways of @entity5 has been established in @entity263 , along with evidence for high levels of @entity650 among @entity1 with hormone refractory disease. However, little is known about the frequency of a SIS in @entity1 with @entity263 .

XXXX : an underestimated paraneoplastic clinical manifestation.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin (IL)-6'] @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma', 'metastatic prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer'] @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anemia'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic growth'] @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases'] @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow infiltration'] @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever']
@entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory prostate cancer']
