OBJECTIVES: @entity645 -induced @entity465 is associated with @entity14079 . We investigated the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on restoration of insulin sensitivity, markers of immune activation and @entity32 . METHODS: Immunological, metabolic and inflammatory status was assessed at antiretroviral therapy initiation and three years later in 208 @entity1 from the ANRS-COPANA cohort. @entity1 were compared according to their pre-ART @entity404 + cell count (group 1:  <= 200/mm3, n = 66 vs. group 2: > 200/mm3, n = 142). RESULTS: Median @entity404 + cell count increased in both groups after 3 years of successful ART but remained significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 (404 vs 572 cells/mm3). @entity412 and insulin levels were higher or tended to be higher in group 1 than in group 2 at ART initiation (median: 1.32 vs 0.97 mmol/l, p = 0.04 and 7.6 vs 6.8 IU, p = 0.09, respectively) and remained higher after three years of ART (1.42 vs 1.16 mmol/L, p = 0.0009 and 8.9 vs 7.2 IU, p = 0.01). After adjustment for individual characteristics and antiretroviral therapy regimens (protease inhibitor (PI), @entity9611 ), insulin levels remained significantly higher in @entity1 with low baseline @entity404 + cell count. Baseline @entity650 , sCD14 and sTNFR2 levels were higher in group 1 than in group 2. Most biomarkers of immune activation/ @entity32 declined during ART, but @entity650 and hsCRP levels remained higher in @entity1 with low baseline @entity404 + cell count than in the other @entity1 (median are respectively 1.4 vs 1.1 pg/ml, p = 0.03 and 2.1 vs 1.3 mg/ml, p = 0.07). CONCLUSION: After three years of successful ART, low pretreatment @entity404 + T cell count remained associated with elevated insulin, @entity412 , @entity650 and hsCRP levels. These persistent metabolic and inflammatory abnormalities could contribute to an increased risk of @entity65 .

Late Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Initiation Is Associated with Long-Term Persistence of XXXX and Metabolic Abnormalities.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['IL-6'] @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['zidovudine'] @entity404 :: ('920', 'Gene') :: ['CD4'] @entity645 :: ('57667', 'Species') :: ['HIV'] @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency'] @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglyceride', 'triglyceride'] @entity14079 :: ('MESH:D020739', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities and systemic inflammation'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and metabolic disease']
@entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Systemic Inflammation']
