BACKGROUND: . @entity73 are a core symptom of @entity161 , yet they remain particularly resistant to treatment. The model provided by repeatedly exposing adult non- @entity1 primates to @entity12781 ( @entity212 ) has generated important insights into the neurobiology of these deficits, but it remains possible that administration of this psychotomimetic agent during the pre-adult period - when the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in @entity1 and non- @entity1 primates is still undergoing significant maturation - may provide a greater understanding of @entity161 -related @entity73 . METHODS: . The effects of repeated @entity212 treatment on spine synapse number, DA turnover and @entity2252 expression in DLPFC and on working memory accuracy wereexamined in pre-adultmonkeys. RESULTS: . One week following @entity212 treatment, juvenile and adolescent male monkeys demonstrated a greater loss of spine synapses in DLPFC than adult male monkeys. Further studies indicated that in juvenile malesa @entity73 existed at 4 weeks following @entity212 treatment and this impairment was associated with decreased @entity935 turnover,decreased @entity2252 mRNA, and a loss of dendritic spine synapses in DLPFC. In contrast, female juvenile monkeys displayed no @entity73 at 4 weeks after @entity212 treatment, and no alteration indopamine turnover or @entity2252 mRNA or spine synapse number in DLPFC. In the combined group of male and female juvenile monkeys, significant linear correlations were detected between @entity935 turnover, spine synapse number and cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS: . As the incidence of @entity161 is greater in males than females, these findings support the validity of the juvenile primate @entity212 model and highlight its potential usefulness in understanding the deficits in DLPFC in @entity161 and developing novel treatments for the @entity73 associated with @entity161 .

Primate XXXX model of @entity161 : sex-specific effects on cognition, @entity2252 , spine synapses and @entity935 turnover in prefrontal cortex.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity12781 :: ('MESH:D010622', 'Chemical') :: ['phencyclidine'] @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive deficits', 'cognitive deficits', 'cognitive deficit'] @entity212 :: ('CHEBI:8058', 'Chemical') :: ['PCP'] @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine'] @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia'] @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF']
@entity12781 :: (MESH:D010622,Chemical) :: ['phencyclidine']
