Modern immunosuppressive agents such as @entity1140 and @entity3446 are claimed to be associated with a @entity455 , a central feature of chronic rejection. This study assesses the effect of @entity205 , @entity1140 and @entity3446 on the development of intimal thickening, @entity82 -associated genes and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in a model of intimal @entity1373 . Male @entity35 received either no treatment or 5 mg/kg @entity205 , 0.1 mg/kg @entity1140 or 0.05 mg/kg @entity3446 . Animals underwent left common carotid balloon angioplasty, and intima medial ratios, pro-fibrotic gene expression and ECM accumulation were calculated at 14 and 28 days. @entity205 was associated with increased intimal thickening compared to controls ( P < 0.004). @entity1140 had no effect on intimal thickening, whilst @entity3446 significantly inhibited intimal thickening at both 14 and 28 days ( P < 0.004 and P < 0.026, respectively). All groups significantly inhibited @entity11017 , @entity6929 , @entity6930 , transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and collagen III expression at 14 days ( P < 0.001), but increased ECM deposition. However, @entity3446 marginally reduced ECM deposition compared to @entity205 ( P < 0.06). Treatment with @entity205 was associated with worsening of @entity455 , whilst @entity3446 showed a beneficial reduction in intimal thickening. Treatment with all immunosuppressive agents resulted in increased ECM deposition. @entity3446 may halt the progression of @entity455 compared to both @entity205 and @entity1140 .

Differential effects of modern immunosuppressive agents on the development of intimal XXXX .

@entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular narrowing', 'reduction in vascular narrowing'] @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis'] @entity6930 :: ('116510(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1'] @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia'] @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['Rapamycin', 'rapamycin'] @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine'] @entity6929 :: ('81687(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9'] @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats'] @entity11017 :: ('81686(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2']
@entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['hyperplasia']
