OBJECTIVE:: Skewed T helper (TH) cell responses and specific functions of @entity1198 , TH2, TH17, and Treg cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) that led to the establishment of the pathogenic @entity1198 /TH2 and TH17/Treg cell imbalance paradigms. However, the relevant TH cell population driving @entity32 is still unknown. METHODS:: We performed a comprehensive TH cell profiling of circulating and intestinal lymphocytes isolated from @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ; n = 69) and @entity31 ( @entity31 ; n = 41) undergoing endoscopy or surgical resection and compared them with healthy controls (n = 45). Mucosal @entity32 was assessed endoscopically and histologically. TH cells were analyzed by flow cytometric evaluation of cytokine production and differentiation marker expression. RESULTS:: Specialized TH cell populations were enriched in the intestinal mucosa compared with peripheral blood. Specifically, we observed a concomitant upregulation of TH17 cells and Tregs in active inflammatory lesions in @entity1 with both @entity30 and @entity31 compared with quiescent/mildly inflamed lesions and healthy tissue. Of note, interferon y+ @entity4155 +coproducing @entity404 + T cells with high expression of @entity10071 , @entity5735 , and @entity13236 resembling recently described pathogenic TH17 cells were specifically enriched in the inflamed mucosal tissue. CONCLUSIONS:: Our results argue against the controversial @entity1198 /TH2 or TH17/Treg paradigms. In contrast, they suggest that a subpopulation of TH17 cells sharing a @entity1198 signature may be specifically involved in @entity32 in @entity30 and @entity31 . These findings provide a better understanding of @entity29 pathogenesis and may help explain the efficacy of anti-IL-12p40/ @entity4452 and failure of anti- @entity4155 therapies despite the enrichment of TH17 cells.

Comprehensive Intestinal T Helper Cell Profiling Reveals Specific Accumulation of IFN-y+IL-17+Coproducing XXXX + T Cells in Active @entity29 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'mucosal inflammation', 'intestinal inflammation'] @entity404 :: ('920', 'Gene') :: ['CD4'] @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['CD26'] @entity13236 :: ('50616', 'Gene') :: ['IL-22'] @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC'] @entity1198 :: ('51497', 'Gene') :: ['TH1'] @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD'] @entity10071 :: ('30009', 'Gene') :: ['T-bet'] @entity4155 :: ('3605', 'Gene') :: ['IL-17A', 'interleukin (IL)-17'] @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"] @entity4452 :: ('51561', 'Gene') :: ['IL-23']
@entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']
