Objective @entity2478 ( @entity2478 ) is a life-threatening @entity358 following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) which is thought to be associated with @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). Recently, it has been reported that @entity11459 ( @entity11459 ) also occurs after allo-BMT and often causes @entity2478 . We sought to extract common features of @entity2478 caused by @entity11459 after allo-BMT. Methods The clinical data of @entity1 who developed @entity2478 caused by @entity11459 after undergoing allo-BMT ( @entity2478 - @entity11459 ) between April 1996 and December 2007 at our institution were collected and reviewed retrospectively. The clinical findings, radiological and pathological features and treatment outcomes of @entity2478 - @entity11459 were assessed. Results Five @entity1 who developed @entity2478 had histologically proven @entity11459 (four @entity1 , one @entity1 : median age, 37 years). The age of onset of @entity2478 - @entity11459 was 13 to 109 months (median, 68.8 months) after BMT. Alkylating agents were used as conditioning chemotherapy for BMT in all @entity1 . Only one @entity1 developed chronic @entity2132 (limited type). The common radiological findings were subpleural thickening and traction bronchiectasis predominantly in the bilateral upper lung fields. The histological pulmonary specimens showed no findings of @entity4154 or @entity2132 . Immunosuppressive therapy was not effective in any of the cases, and all @entity1 died of @entity1576 with or without lung transplantation. Conclusion @entity2478 - @entity11459 is an extremely late-onset noninfectious @entity358 of allo-BMT. This complication is progressive, resistant to immunosuppressive treatment and has a poor prognosis. No association was found between @entity11459 and @entity2132 .

Air-leak Syndrome by XXXX after Bone Marrow Transplantation.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men'] @entity11459 :: ('MESH:D004695', 'Disease') :: ['pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis', 'PPFE'] @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['Air-leak syndrome', 'ALS'] @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease'] @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complication'] @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure'] @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans']
@entity11459 :: (MESH:D004695,Disease) :: ['Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis']
