The major invasive procedure of the neurologist is the spinal tap. Its most frequent complication is post-lumbar puncture syndrome/ @entity10 . The syndrome's leading symptom is posture-dependent @entity10 , which is caused by the prolonged escape of @entity2841 from a dural leak. Its frequency lies between 1 and 30%, depending on the technique used for lumbar puncture. An important measure for reducing the risk of its occurrence is the use of a small (22-gauge), atraumatic Sprotte or Whitacre needle. The treatment of choice for the syndrome is @entity5834 , and if ineffective, then an epidural blood patch (at least 20 ml of the @entity1 's own blood). Spontaneous low @entity2841 pressure is due to a dural tear; it has the same symptoms as post-dural puncture @entity10 , and on MRI there is a contrast enhancement of the meninges. In most cases the spontaneous low @entity2841 pressure syndrome only is diagnosed after weeks to months. For this reason one should consider this syndrome in all cases of @entity2794 . It is also treated with @entity5834 and an epidural blood patch. If it persists, the leak must be localized by means of radioisotope cisternography, thin-layer MRI, or CT myelography, and then the hole is closed either surgically or by CT-assisted application of fibrin glue.

[Post-lumbar puncture syndrome and spontaneous low XXXX pressure syndrome].

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient'] @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine'] @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['chronic headache'] @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache'] @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['CSF']
@entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['CSF']
