OBJECTIVES: In vitro and in vivo animal studies suggest that sex @entity230 , such as @entity172 and @entity251 , could protect the brain. However, @entity172 replacement therapy (ERT) for @entity195 ( @entity195 ) in @entity1 has not been successful. We hypothesised that the lack of effect of ERT might be related to an interaction between @entity172 and some other factor(s) associated with @entity195 . DESIGN, SETTING AND METHODS: We analysed total @entity172 (TE) and @entity251 (TT) levels in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity195 and controls of the Oxford Project To Investigate Memory and Ageing. Because @entity53 ( @entity19078 ) after the menopause is largely derived from @entity1815 (TE1), we computed the ratio @entity19078 /(TE1+ @entity19078 ) and a total @entity134 index (TT+ @entity19078 +TE1). RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity195 (n=66) had significantly higher levels of @entity19078 (27+/-13 vs. 21+/-13) and a higher @entity19078 /(TE1+ @entity19078 ) ratio. Stepwise logistic regression analyses showed that the @entity19078 /(TE1+ @entity19078 ) ratio was the main sex @entity134 predictor for @entity195 (O.R.=1.06, 95% C.I.=1.01-1.11, p<0.01). Multiple regression analyses revealed that @entity303 severity was associated with an interaction between the @entity19078 /(TE1+ @entity19078 ) ratio and serum @entity1501 (B=4.59 (SE=1.48), beta=1.22, 95% C.I.=1.62-7.56, p<0.005). None of the other potential mediators of this association (body mass index, sex hormone binding globulin, @entity1255 levels, @entity2204 genotype, smoking, @entity6 , blood pressure) was significant. MAIN FINDINGS: A high ratio of @entity53 to total @entity172 is associated with @entity195 but, in subjects with a high ratio, the @entity303 severity was lower in those with high serum @entity1501 levels. CONCLUSIONS: If this association is causal, then supplementation with @entity1501 might be considered in future studies on ERT in @entity195 .

The interaction of serum XXXX and @entity53 levels in @entity195 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women'] @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens'] @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone'] @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes'] @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine'] @entity19078 :: ('8260', 'Gene') :: ['TE2'] @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia'] @entity1815 :: ('MESH:D004970', 'Chemical') :: ['estrone'] @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['ApoE'] @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol'] @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid'] @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"] @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']
@entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folate']
