AIMS: To compare long-term outcomes among @entity1 randomized to @entity4783 or @entity284 . DESIGN, SETTING AND @entity1 : Follow-up was conducted in 2011-14 of 1080 opioid-dependent @entity1 entering seven opioid treatment programs in the United States between 2006 and 2009 and randomized (within each program) to receive open-label @entity4783 / @entity1510 or @entity284 for up to 24  weeks; 795 @entity1 completed in- @entity1 interviews (~74% follow-up interview rate) covering on average 4.5  years. MEASUREMENTS: Outcomes were indicated by mortality and opioid use. Covariates included demographics, site, @entity2072 use and treatment experiences. FINDINGS: Mortality was not different between the two randomized conditions, with 23 (3.6%) of 630 @entity1 randomized to @entity4783 having died versus 26 (5.8%) of 450 @entity1 randomized to @entity284 . Opioid use at follow-up was higher among @entity1 randomized to @entity4783 relative to @entity284 [42.8 versus 31.7% positive opioid urine specimens, P  <  0.01, effect size (h)  =  0.23 (0.09, 0.38); 5.8  days versus 4.4  days of past 30-day @entity4521 use, P  <  0.05, effect size (d)  =  0.14 (0.00, 0.28)]. Opioid use during the follow-up period by randomization condition was also significant (F(7,39  600)   =  3.16; P  <  0.001) due mainly to less treatment participation among @entity1 randomized to @entity4783 than @entity284 . Less opioid use was associated with both @entity4783 and @entity284 treatment (relative to no treatment); no difference was found between the two treatments. Individuals who are white or used @entity2072 at baseline responded better to @entity284 than to @entity4783 . CONCLUSIONS: There are few differences in long-term outcomes between @entity4783 and @entity284 treatment for @entity4784 , and treatment with each medication is associated with a strong reduction in opioid use.

Long-term outcomes after randomization to @entity4783 / XXXX versus @entity284 in a multi-site trial.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS'] @entity4521 :: ('MESH:D003932', 'Chemical') :: ['heroin'] @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid dependence'] @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine'] @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone'] @entity2072 :: ('MESH:D003042', 'Chemical') :: ['cocaine'] @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']
@entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']
