BACKGROUND: Psychogenic non- @entity302 (PNES) or attacks consist of paroxysmal behavioural changes that resemble an @entity302 but are not associated with electrophysiological epileptic changes. They are caused by a psychopathological process and are primarily diagnosed on history and video-EEG. Clinical presentation comprises a wide range of symptoms and signs, which are individually neither totally specific nor sensitive, making positive diagnosis of PNES difficult. Consequently, PNES are often misdiagnosed as @entity302 . The aim of this study was to identify homogeneous groups of PNES based on specific combinations of clinical signs with a view to improving timely diagnosis. METHODS: The authors first retrospectively analysed 22 clinical signs of 145 PNES recorded by video-EEG in 52 @entity1 and then conducted a multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. RESULTS: Five clusters of signs were identified and named according to their main clinical features: @entity3520 with primitive gestural activity (31.6%); pauci-kinetic attack with preserved responsiveness (23.4%); pseudosyncope (16.9%); @entity71 @entity1162 (11.7%); @entity1162 (16.4%). When several attacks were recorded in the same @entity1 , they were automatically classified in the same subtype in 61.5% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study proposes an objective clinical classification of PNES based on automatic clustering of clinical signs observed on video-EEG. It also suggests that PNES are stereotyped in the same @entity1 . Application of these findings could help provide an objective diagnosis of @entity1 with PNES.

Clinical classification of XXXX based on video-EEG analysis and automatic clustering.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic attack'] @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinetic'] @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic seizure', 'epilepsy'] @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged attack with hyperventilation and auras', 'axial dystonic prolonged attack']
@entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['psychogenic non-epileptic seizures']
