BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Lower concentrations of @entity26 ( @entity3612 ) (<= 30%) are recommended for preterm resuscitation to avoid oxidative injury and @entity2806 . Effects on long-term outcomes are uncertain. We aimed to determine the effects of using @entity11535 ( @entity11535 ) or 100% @entity3612 on the combined risk of @entity204 and disability at 2 years in @entity1 <32 weeks' gestation. METHODS: A randomized, unmasked study designed to determine @entity717 and @entity204 at 2 years in @entity1 <32 weeks' gestation after delivery room resuscitation was initiated with either @entity11535 or 100% @entity3612 and which were adjusted to target pulse oximetry of 65% to 95% at 5 minutes and 85% to 95% until NICU admission. RESULTS: Of 6291 eligible @entity1 , 292 were recruited and 287 (mean gestation: 28.9 weeks) were included in the analysis ( @entity11535 : n = 144; 100% @entity3612 : n = 143). Recruitment ceased in June 2014, per the recommendations of the Data and Safety Monitoring Committee owing to loss of equipoise for the use of 100% @entity3612 . In non-prespecified analyses, @entity1 <28 weeks who received @entity11535 resuscitation had higher hospital mortality ( @entity11535 : 10 of 46 [22%]; than those given 100% @entity3612 : 3 of 54 [6%]; risk ratio: 3.9 [95% confidence interval: 1.1-13.4]; P = .01). @entity1576 was the most common cause of @entity204 (n = 13). CONCLUSIONS: Using @entity11535 to initiate resuscitation was associated with an increased risk of @entity204 in @entity1 <28 weeks' gestation. This study was not a prespecified analysis, and it was underpowered to address this post hoc hypothesis reliably. Additional data are needed.

Targeted @entity26 in the Resuscitation of Preterm XXXX , a Randomized Clinical Trial.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants'] @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['room air', 'RA'] @entity3612 :: ('D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['O2'] @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory failure'] @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['major disability'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Infants']
