The metabolism of @entity1426 , in particular the generation of @entity2918 (PGs), has been proposed to play a key role in the regulation of labor. Moreover, several extracellular proteins have been reported to modulate PG synthesis in amnion cells. In this study, we found that lipid components dissolved in the amniotic fluid modulate PG synthesis in WISH @entity1 amnion cells and identified one of these components as a @entity5595 ( @entity5596 ). WISH cells express several @entity5596 receptors including @entity6975 , @entity15266 , and @entity15267 . When WISH cells were stimulated with @entity5596 , @entity1421 synthesis increased in a concentration-dependent manner, showing maximal activity at around 100 nM. @entity5596 treatment also caused the up-regulation of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) mRNA and protein, which was apparent within 3-12 h of stimulation. In terms of the intracellular signaling pathway of @entity5596 -induced WISH cell activation, we found that @entity5596 stimulated two kinds of MAPK, @entity3963 , and p38 kinase. We examined the roles of these two MAPKs in @entity5596 -induced @entity3840 expression. @entity5596 -induced @entity3840 expression was blocked completely by @entity4286 but not by @entity1441 , suggesting that @entity3963 has a critical role in the process. Transfection of @entity6975 or @entity15267 but not of @entity15266 antisense oligonucleotide inhibited @entity5596 -induced @entity3840 expression and @entity1421 production in WISH cells, indicating the involvements of @entity69652 in the processes. This study demonstrates the physiological role of @entity5596 in amniotic fluid and its effect on the modulation of @entity3840 expression and PGs synthesis in WISH cells.

@entity5595 in amniotic fluid modulates @entity3840 expression in XXXX amnion-derived WISH cells.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2'] @entity3840 :: ('5743', 'Gene') :: ['cyclooxygenase-2', 'COX-2'] @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['ERK'] @entity1441 :: ('MESH:C093642', 'Chemical') :: ['SB-203580'] @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins'] @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid'] @entity6975 :: ('1901', 'Gene') :: ['S1P1'] @entity15266 :: ('9294', 'Gene') :: ['S1P2'] @entity4286 :: ('MESH:C093973', 'Chemical') :: ['PD-98059'] @entity5596 :: ('CHEBI:37550', 'Chemical') :: ['S1P'] @entity15267 :: ('1903', 'Gene') :: ['S1P3'] @entity69652 :: ('1901;1903', 'Gene') :: ['S1P1 and S1P3'] @entity5595 :: ('MESH:C060506', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine 1-phosphate']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']
