UNASSIGNED: A greenhouse study was conducted to compare the relative efficacy of different approaches to managing @entity62929 on green bean. These approaches included chemical (fumigant, non-fumigant, seed dressing, and seed dip), biological (the egg-parasitic fungus, @entity69089 and the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus sp.), physical (soil solarization), and cultural ( @entity1573 litter and @entity1133 ) methods. Accordingly, nine different control materials and application methods plus @entity2199 -infected and non-infected controls were compared. Two important parameters were considered: plant response (plant growth and root galling) and @entity2199 reproduction (production of eggs and the reproduction factor Rf). The results showed that the use of @entity1573 litter as an organic fertilizer severely affected the growth and survival of the plants. Therefore, this treatment was removed from the evaluation test. All of the other eight treatments were found to be effective against @entity2199 reproduction, but with different levels of efficacy. The eight treatments decreased (38.9-99.8%) root galling, increased plant growth and suppressed @entity2199 reproduction. Based on three important criteria, namely, gall index (GI), egg mass index (EMI), and @entity2199 reproduction factor (RF), the tested materials and methods were categorized into three groups according to their relative control efficacy under the applied test conditions. The three groups were as follows: (1) the relatively high effective group (GI  =  1.0-1.4, Rf  =  0.07-0.01), which included the fumigant dazomet, the non-fumigant @entity69090 , soil solarization, and seed dip with @entity69090 ; (2) the relatively moderate effective group (GI  =  3.4-4.0, Rf  =  0.24-0.60), which included seed dressing with @entity69090 and @entity1133 ; and (3) the relatively less effective group (GI  =  5.0, Rf  =  32.2-37.2), which included @entity69089 and Glomus sp.

Comparative efficacy of different approaches to managing XXXX on green bean.

@entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode'] @entity69089 :: ('33203', 'Species') :: ['P. lilacinus', 'Paecilomyces lilacinus'] @entity1133 :: ('MESH:D014508', 'Chemical') :: ['urea'] @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chicken'] @entity69090 :: ('MESH:C002698', 'Chemical') :: ['fenamiphos'] @entity62929 :: ('6306', 'Species') :: ['Meloidogyne incognita']
@entity62929 :: (6306,Species) :: ['Meloidogyne incognita']
