During transit through the female reproductive tract, @entity1 spermatozoa are exposed to increasing concentrations of @entity1420 (P4) released by the cumulus oophorus. P4 triggers massive @entity460 influx into @entity1 sperm through activation of the sperm-specific @entity460 channel @entity39877 . These properties of @entity1 spermatozoa are thought to be unique since @entity39877 is not @entity1420 sensitive in rodent sperm. Here, by performing patch clamp recording from spermatozoa from @entity2608 for the first time, we report that they express P4-sensitive @entity39877 channel identically to @entity1 sperm and react to P4 by inducing @entity4091 , unlike @entity1 sperm, which respond directly to P4. We have also determined the physiologic levels of P4 capable of inducing capacitation-associated changes in macaque sperm. @entity1420 (1  M) induced up to a 3-fold increase in the percentage of sperm undergoing the zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction with the lowest threshold as low as 10 nM of P4. Submicromolar levels of P4 induced a dose-dependent increase in curvilinear velocity and lateral head displacement, while sperm protein @entity4149 phosphorylation was not altered. Macaque spermatozoa exposed to 10  M of P4 developed fully hyperactivated motility. Similar to @entity1 sperm, on approaching cumulus mass and binding to zona pellucida, macaque spermatozoa display hyperactivation and undergo an acrosome reaction that coincides with the rise in the sperm intracellular @entity460 . Taken together, these data indicate that P4 accelerates the completion of capacitation and provides evidence of spermatozoa "priming" as they move into a gradient of @entity1420 in search for the oocyte.

@entity1420 Accelerates the Completion of Sperm Capacitation and Activates @entity39877 Channel in Spermatozoa from the XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human'] @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone'] @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['responsiveness to zona pellucida'] @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium'] @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaque'] @entity4149 :: ('D014443', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine'] @entity39877 :: ('117144', 'Gene') :: ['CatSper']
@entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['Rhesus Macaque']
