BACKGROUND: Complex indeterminate Bosniak category III renal cystic masses are traditionally considered to be malignant in 50%. Our aim was to retrospectively evaluate the attenuation characteristics in multiphase computed tomography (CT) and to determinate the incidence of @entity5 based on histological findings on all Bosniak category III renal cystic masses investigated in our department between April 3, 2007 and November 21, 2013. MATERIALS AND METHODS: QUADRIPHASIC MULTIDETECTOR CT IMAGES OF NINETEEN @entity1 (MEAN AGE: 56.5    16.5 years) with radiologically detected Bosniak @entity75 were reviewed retrospectively. All lesions were surgically removed, and the incidence of @entity5 , based on pathological results was determined. RESULTS: Calcification was present in four lesions (21%). The mean largest diameter was 48.7    28.8 mm. All lesions were multilobulated and septated. Of the 19 removed lesions, 16 (84%) were malignant, and 3 (16%) were benign (one inflammatory cyst including a @entity1290 , one @entity12878 and one @entity359 ). CT and histological findings of 19 Bosniak III cysts were correlated. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated much higher prevalence of @entity5 (84%) in radiologically detected Bosniak @entity45 than it has been described before. It may due to the era of modern multidetector CT technology and multiphase protocol.

Bosniak XXXX are more likely to be malignant than we expected in the era of multidetector computed tomography technology.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy'] @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['category III lesions'] @entity12878 :: ('MESH:D018201', 'Disease') :: ['cystic nephroma'] @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolith'] @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['category III cysts'] @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['atypical angiomyolipoma']
@entity45 :: (MESH:D010181,Disease) :: ['category III cysts']
