Although previous publications have discussed @entity8 in nonrenal solid-organ transplantation, none has reviewed thoroughly the potential predictors of long-term @entity8 in cardiac recipients. Thus, the purpose of this review article is to summarize the current state of knowledge on risk factors of @entity740 in heart transplant @entity1 . An English language Medline literature search (1946-April 2014) was conducted using the search terms @entity177 , @entity8 , nephrotoxi  (  for truncation), @entity1011 , glomerular filtration rate, heart transplantation and organ transplantation. Additional references were identified from a review of literature citations. A total of 74 articles discussing key risk factors were included in the manuscript.               The existing literature reveals that several recipient characteristics (age, female sex, pretransplant/early post-transplant @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity101 ) increase the risk of @entity177 after transplantation. Current data also indicate that, while @entity205 and @entity1140 are most likely major determinants of post-transplant @entity177 , the effects of @entity9909 doses and concentrations remain unclear. A small number of studies suggest that @entity1140 could possibly induce less nephrotoxicity than @entity205 , but meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials show the opposite with comparable incidences of dialysis after cardiac transplantation. Finally, the role of genetic variations has only been explored to a limited extent in heart transplant @entity1 . This growing body of evidence should ultimately lead to a better risk prediction regarding @entity740 following cardiac transplantation and a more personalized tailoring of immunosuppressive regimens.

Risk Factors for XXXX Following Cardiac Transplantation.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney diseases', 'kidney impairment', 'renal impairment', 'kidney disease'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes'] @entity9909 :: ('23523', 'Gene') :: ['calcineurin inhibitor'] @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency'] @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency', 'kidney failure', 'renal insufficiency, kidney failure'] @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine'] @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus'] @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']
@entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['Chronic Renal Insufficiency']
