BACKGROUND: Status asthmaticus is an acute exacerbation of @entity565 that is persistent and intractable and remains unresponsive to initial treatment with bronchodilators and systemic @entity288 and that can result in @entity519 , hypercarbia, and secondary @entity1576 . METHOD: We reviewed treatment and recent patents on management of status asthmaticus. CONCLUSIONS: Supplemental @entity26 should be given to maintain an @entity26 saturation of >= 92% in room air. Mainstay of pharmacologic treatment of status asthmaticus includes short-acting, b2 agonists such as @entity3045 ( @entity3045 ) administered by metered-dose inhaler with spacer or, preferably, by nebulizer and oral @entity288 . There is no advantage to intravenous @entity288 unless the @entity1 cannot tolerate oral @entity288 (e.g., protracted @entity391 ), or unable to take oral @entity228 (e.g., intubated or unconscious). Inhaled @entity13265 and intravenous @entity2399 should be considered in @entity1 with severe @entity565 exacerbations not responsive to conventional therapy. Subcutaneous and intramuscular b2 agonists such as @entity4183 and @entity1425 may be considered for @entity1 with severe @entity565 exacerbation who have poor air entry, are uncooperative with nebulized therapy, or have poor response to nebulized therapy. Monoclonal anti-IgE antibody (omalizumab) and humanized monoclonal antibodies targeting interleukin pathway have shown great promise in severe refractory @entity1712 . Failing therapeutic interventions necessitate non-invasive or invasive ventilation support. Severe exhaustion, deteriorating @entity1662 , poor air entry, worsening @entity519 , @entity2944 , and @entity1167 are indications for mechanical ventilation and intubation. For chronic treatment of @entity565 , inhaled @entity288 , bronchodilator, and oral montelukasts are the mainstay. Some formulations of herbal medicine are efficacious but evidence of other modalities of complementary and alternative medicine are generally lacking. This review also discusses recent patents related to the management of @entity565 . These recent patents describe a few immunomodulating medications useful for the treatment of chronic severe @entity565 . There have been no recent patents for the management of status asthmaticus.

Management of status asthmaticus in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child'] @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic asthma'] @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate'] @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia'] @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium bromide'] @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol', 'albuterol'] @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting'] @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid'] @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine'] @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia'] @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure'] @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest'] @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness'] @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline'] @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']
