BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular surveillance is important in @entity2689 because of the increased risk of aortic dilation and dissection with consecutively increased mortality. OBJECTIVE: To compare 4-D flow MRI for the characterization of aortic 3-D flow patterns, dimensions and vessel wall parameters in pediatric @entity1 with @entity2689 and age-matched controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed 4-D flow MRI measuring in vivo 3-D blood flow with coverage of the thoracic aorta in 25 @entity1 with @entity2689 and in 16 female healthy controls (age mean        standard deviation were 16        5  years and 17        4  years, respectively). Blood flow was visualized by time-resolved 3-D path lines. Visual grading of aortic flow in terms of helices and vortices was performed by two independent observers. Quantitative analysis included measurement of aortic diameters, quantification of peak systolic wall shear stress, pulsatility index and oscillatory shear index at eight defined sites. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity2689 had significantly larger aortic diameters normalized to BSA, increased vortices in the ascending aorta and elevated helix flow in the ascending and descending aorta compared to controls (all P<0.03). @entity1 with abnormal helical or vortical flow in the ascending aorta had significantly larger diameters of the ascending aorta (P<0.03). Peak systolic wall shear stress, pulsatility index and oscillatory shear index were significantly lower in Turner @entity1 compared to controls (p=0.02, p=0.002 and p=0.01 respectively). CONCLUSION: Four-dimensional flow MRI provides new insights into the altered aortic hemodynamics and wall shear stress that could have an impact on the development of @entity1580 .

Magnetic resonance imaging 4-D flow-based analysis of aortic hemodynamics in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients'] @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome'] @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissections']
@entity2689 :: (MESH:D014424,Disease) :: ['Turner syndrome']
