OBJECTIVE: To review the incidence and clinical characteristics of @entity5229 in @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ). METHODS: This is a retrospective observational cohort study. Chest radiographs and medical records of @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1691 from 1993 to 2003 in a tertiary referral centre were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 1028 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1691 were identified from July 1993 to July 2003. Twenty-two @entity1 had typical apical lung fibrotic changes in the chest radiographs (22/1028, 2.1%). Three of these @entity1 (3/22, 13.6%) with @entity358 had @entity5229 . Two @entity1 had recurrences and received video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) on the second attack. The third @entity1 received talc pleurodesis on the first attack and did not have a recurrence. The incidence of @entity5229 in @entity1 with @entity1691 was 0.29% (3/1028) with an incidence density of 64.85/100,000 @entity1 -yr (95% confidence interval: 66.17-63.57/100,000). CONCLUSION: Spontaneous @entity5229 appears to be exceedingly rare in @entity1691 unless there is an underlying @entity358 , in which case its occurrence is not uncommon. Cigarette smoking may be an important co-factor. Once developed, recurrences are common even after treatment. Prophylactic procedures should thus be considered for the first attack of @entity5229 .

Spontaneous XXXX associated with @entity1691 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS'] @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'fibrocystic lung disease'] @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['pneumothorax', 'spontaneous pneumothorax']
@entity5229 :: (MESH:D011030,Disease) :: ['pneumothorax']
