The fidelity of DNA replication and repair processes is critical for maintenance of genomic stability. @entity2151 reductase (RNR) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in @entity42636 production and thus plays an essential role in DNA synthesis. The level and activity of RNR are highly regulated by the cell cycle and DNA damage checkpoints, which maintain optimal @entity42636 pools required for genetic fidelity. RNRs are composed of a large subunit that binds the @entity5688 substrates and allosteric effectors and a small subunit that houses the di- @entity68 tyrosyl radical cofactor essential for the reduction process. In @entity375 , there are two large subunits ( @entity19684 and @entity48437 ) and two small subunits ( @entity19685 and @entity11866 ). Here we report the subcellular localization of @entity19684 -4 during normal cell growth and the redistribution of @entity19685 and @entity11866 in response to DNA damage and replicational stress. During the normal cell cycle, @entity19684 and @entity48437 are predominantly localized to the cytoplasm and @entity19685 and @entity11866 are predominantly present in the nucleus. Under genotoxic stress, @entity19685 and @entity11866 become redistributed to the cytoplasm in a checkpoint-dependent manner. Subcellular redistribution of @entity19685 and @entity11866 can occur in the absence of the transcriptional induction of the RNR genes after DNA damage and likely represents a posttranslational event. These results suggest a mechanism by which DNA damage checkpoint modulates RNR activity through the temporal and spatial regulation of its subunits.

Subcellular localization of XXXX ribonucleotide reductase regulated by the DNA replication and damage checkpoint pathways.

@entity5688 :: ('CHEBI:16862', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside diphosphate'] @entity68 :: ('MESH:D007501', 'Chemical') :: ['iron'] @entity42636 :: ('CHEBI:27928', 'Chemical') :: ['dNTP'] @entity19685 :: ('853427(Tax:4932)', 'Gene') :: ['Rnr2'] @entity11866 :: ('853091(Tax:4932)', 'Gene') :: ['Rnr4'] @entity48437 :: ('854744(Tax:4932)', 'Gene') :: ['Rnr3'] @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae'] @entity19684 :: ('856801(Tax:4932)', 'Gene') :: ['Rnr1'] @entity2151 :: ('CHEBI:26561', 'Chemical') :: ['Ribonucleotide']
@entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']
