@entity1118 after @entity0 treatment is a major clinical problem, affecting 25 to 60% of @entity1 . Development of @entity1118 after @entity0 treatment, as well as other surgical procedures, involves a complex pathophysiology that involves pre-, intra- and post-operative factors. This review is a systematic analysis on methodology and evidence in research into persistent @entity158 after @entity0 treatment during the period 1995 to 2010, in order to clarify the significance and relative role of potential risk factors. Literature was identified by a search in PubMed and OVID, as well as by obtaining relevant studies from a systematic review of reference lists. Sixty papers were identified, most of these being retrospective or questionnaires. Only 2 studies included quantitative sensory testing and only 26 studies were prospective. Furthermore, about a third of the studies did not apply modern principles of surgical and adjuvant therapy. In summary, the data show inconsistencies in definition of @entity1118 and treatment groups, as well as in the collection of pre- intra- and post-operative data, precluding conclusions with regard to pathophysiologic mechanisms as well as rational strategies for prevention and treatment. However, @entity16 and radiotherapy appear to be significant risk factors for @entity1118 . A proposal for the design of future prospective studies is presented. PERSPECTIVE: A comprehensive and systematic approach to research in @entity1118 after @entity0 treatment is necessary in order to understand the pathophysiology and thus develop strategies for prevention and treatment.

Persistent XXXX after @entity0 treatment: a critical review of risk factors and strategies for prevention.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer'] @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain'] @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']
@entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']
