BACKGROUND: @entity8 disproportionately affects minority populations, including African Americans and Hispanics; therefore, understanding the relationship of kidney function to cardiovascular (CV) outcomes within different racial/ethnic groups is of considerable interest. We investigated the relationship between kidney function and CV events and assessed effect modification by race/ethnicity in the @entity1 's Health Initiative. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING _ PARTICIPANTS: Baseline serum @entity1011 concentrations (assay traceable to isotope-dilution mass spectrometry standard) of 19,411 postmenopausal @entity1 aged 50 to 79 years who self-identified as either non-Hispanic white (n=8,921), African American (n=7,436), or Hispanic (n=3,054) were used to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs). PREDICTORS: Categories of @entity470 (exposure); race/ethnicity (effect modifier). OUTCOMES: The primary outcome was the composite of 3 physician-adjudicated CV events: @entity583 , @entity64 , or CV-related @entity204 . MEASUREMENTS: We evaluated the multivariable-adjusted associations between categories of @entity470 and CV events using proportional hazards regression and formally tested for effect modification by race/ethnicity. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 7.6 years, 1,424 CV events (653 @entity583 , 627 @entity64 , and 297 CV-related deaths) were observed. The association between @entity470 and CV events was curvilinear; however, the association of @entity470 with CV outcomes differed by race (P=0.006). In stratified analyses, we  observed that the U-shaped association was present in non-Hispanic whites, whereas African American @entity1 had a rather curvilinear relationship, with lower @entity470 being associated with higher CV risk, and higher @entity470 , with reduced CV risk. Analyses among Hispanic @entity1 were inconclusive owing to few Hispanic @entity1 having very low or high eGFRs and very few events occurring in these categories. LIMITATIONS: Lack of urinary albumin measurements; residual confounding by unmeasured or imprecisely measured characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: In postmenopausal @entity1 , the patterns of association between @entity470 and CV risk differed between non-Hispanic whites and African American @entity1 .

Kidney Function and Cardiovascular Events in Postmenopausal @entity1 : The Impact of Race and Ethnicity in the XXXX 's Health Initiative.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney disease'] @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke'] @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['eGFR'] @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine'] @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']
