At least six types of gene-environment interactions (GEI) have been proposed (Kouhry and Wagener, 1993). In the first type, neither the environmental exposure (EE) nor the @entity7704 ( @entity7704 ) have any effect by themselves, but interaction between them causes disease. This is the case of @entity815 exposure and the @entity814 genotype. Type 2 is a situation in which the @entity7704 has no effect on disease in the absence of exposure, but exacerbates the effects of the latter. This is the most important type of GEI in relation to metabolic susceptibility genes and @entity1 @entity105 . The third type is the converse of the second (EE is ineffective per se, but enhances the effect of @entity7704 ). Type 4 occurs when both FE and @entity7704 increase the risk for disease, but the combination is interactive or synergistic: an example is the interaction between @entity2173 and LWV radiation. Types 5 and 6, according to the classification proposed by Kouhry, refer to cases in which the @entity7704 is protective. The model of GEI that is emerging as the most important in @entity105 refers to metabolic susceptibility genes. The general population can be divided into subgroups depending on their susceptibility to the action of carcinogens, based on their ability to metabolize such compounds to electrophilic, reactive metabolites (which form adducts with DNA), or, respectively, electrophobic metabolites that are excreted. The present contribution is a short review of the relevant literature, with particular emphasis on some polymorphisms involved in dietary exposures. In addition, the practical implications of genetic testing in this field are discussed.

Diet, genetic susceptibility and XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity7704 :: ('2691', 'Gene') :: ['genetic risk factor', 'GRF'] @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['phenylketonuria'] @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['Xeroderma Pigmentosum'] @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine'] @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis', 'chemical carcinogenesis']
@entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']
