OBJECTIVE: To review the published literature assessing the efficacy and safety of lacrimal drainage system plug insertion for @entity936 in adults. METHODS: Literature searches of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were last conducted on @entity20684 , 2015, without date restrictions and were limited to English language abstracts. The searches retrieved 309 unique citations. The primary authors reviewed the titles and abstracts. Inclusion criteria specified reports that provided original data on plugs for the treatment of @entity936 in at least 25 @entity1 . Fifty-three studies of potential relevance were assigned to full-text review. The 27 studies that met the inclusion criteria underwent data abstraction by the panels. Abstracted data included study characteristics, @entity1 characteristics, plug type, insertion technique, treatment response, and safety information. All studies were observational and rated by a methodologist as level II or III evidence. RESULTS: The plugs included punctal, intracanalicular, and dissolving types. Fifteen studies reported metrics of improvement in @entity936 , ocular-surface status, artificial tear use, contact lens comfort, and tear break-up time. Twenty-five studies included safety data. Plug placement resulted in >= 50% improvement of symptoms, improvement in ocular-surface health, reduction in artificial tear use, and improved contact lens comfort in @entity1 with @entity936 . Serious complications from plugs were infrequent. Plug loss was the most commonly reported problem with punctal plugs, occurring on average in 40% of @entity1 . Overall, among all plug types, approximately 9% of @entity1 experienced @entity9467 and 10% required removal because of irritation from the plugs. @entity6134 was the most commonly reported problem for intracanalicular plugs and occurred in approximately 8% of @entity1 . Other complications were reported in less than 4% of @entity1 on average and included tearing, discomfort, @entity2276 , and @entity4578 . CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of level II and III evidence in these studies, plugs improve the signs and symptoms of moderate @entity936 that are not improved with topical lubrication, and they are well tolerated. There are no level I studies that describe the efficacy or safety of lacrimal drainage system plugs.

Safety and Efficacy of Lacrimal Drainage System Plugs for XXXX : A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity6134 :: ('MESH:C538406', 'Disease') :: ['Canaliculitis'] @entity9467 :: ('MESH:D007766', 'Disease') :: ['epiphora'] @entity20684 :: ('92979', 'Gene') :: ['March 9'] @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye', 'dry eyes', 'dry eye symptoms'] @entity2276 :: ('MESH:D017789', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic granuloma'] @entity4578 :: ('MESH:D003607', 'Disease') :: ['dacryocystitis']
@entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['Dry Eye Syndrome']
