OBJECTIVE: The effects of @entity1566 level on shoulder kinetics during manual wheelchair propulsion were studied. DESIGN: Single session data collection in a laboratory environment. METHODS: Male subjects were divided into four groups: low level @entity451 (n=17), high level @entity451 (n=19), C7 @entity1688 (C7, n=16) and C6 @entity1688 (C6, n=17). Measurements were recorded using a six-camera VICON motion analysis system, a strain gauge instrumented wheel, and wheelchair ergometer. Shoulder joint forces and moments were calculated using the inverse dynamics approach. RESULTS: Mean self-selected propulsion velocity was higher in the paraplegic (low @entity451 =90.7 m/min; high @entity451 =83.4 m/min) than tetraplegic (C7=66.5 m/min; C6=47.0 m/min) groups. After covarying for velocity, no significant differences in shoulder joint moments were identified. However, superior push force in subjects with @entity1688 (C7=21.4 N; C6=9.3 N) was significantly higher than in those with high @entity451 (7.3 N), after covarying velocity. CONCLUSIONS: The superior push force in the tetraplegic groups coupled with @entity425 increases susceptibility of the subacromial structures to compression. RELEVANCE: Increased vertical force at the shoulder joint, coupled with reduced shoulder depressor strength, may contribute to shoulder problems in subjects with @entity1688 . Wheelchair design modifications, combined with strength and endurance retention, should be considered to prevent shoulder @entity158 development.

The effect of level of XXXX on shoulder joint kinetics during manual wheelchair propulsion.

@entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia'] @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness of thoraco-humeral depressors'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain'] @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury'] @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']
@entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']
