BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Blunt @entity130 (BCVI) have the potential to cause @entity2759 . Certain subtypes of spine @entity174 , such as vertebral subluxation, @entity174 through the foramen transversarium and C1 - C3 @entity174 have been linked to a higher incidence of BCVI. On the other hand, BCVI in association with craniocervical distraction injuries (CCD) have been only anecdotally reported. PURPOSE: We hypothesized that since CCD is also caused by a high energy hyperflexion/hyperextension distraction mechanism, it could also be associated with a high incidence of BCVI. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Retrospective chart review. @entity1 SAMPLE: Of 46 consecutive @entity1 with unstable craniocervical dissociations treated operatively at a single level I @entity130 center from January 1996 to December 2009, 29 of the 46 had vascular studies which comprised the study sample. OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes assessed were BCVI subdivided into carotid @entity1317 (BCI) and/or vertebral @entity1317 (BVI) and classified according to Biffl's criteria. Secondary measures included associated @entity64 and evidence of emboli on transcranial doppler (TCD). METHODS: All consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with unstable @entity130 that were surgically treated at a single level I @entity130 center during the period of 1996-2009 were identified. Those who were adequately screened with a catheter angiogram and/or CTA of the neck so as to rule out BCVI were included in this study. Electronic medical records were utilized to determine mechanism, demographics, clinical finds and TCD reports. Angiography and CTA were analyzed to assess for BCVI. If a BCVI was identified, these were classified using the Biffl criteria. RESULTS: Among the 29 screened @entity1 , 30 BCVI were identified in 15 @entity1 . According to Biffl's criteria, there were thirteen grade I, eight grade II, five grade III, three grade IV and one grade V injuries. Three major @entity64 were diagnosed in those 15 @entity1 with BCVI, as opposed to none among the other 14 @entity1 without BCVI. CONCLUSIONS: BCVI was seen in more than 50% of the @entity1 screened, with major @entity64 occurring in 20% of the @entity1 . We suggest screening for BCVI in all @entity1 presenting with C0-C1 and/or C1-C2 distraction injuries.

Blunt XXXX In Association With Craniocervical Distraction Injuries: A Retrospective Review of Consecutive Cases.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT'] @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes'] @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures'] @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['brain, cerebellar and/or spinal cord ischemia'] @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['artery injuries'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'CCD injuries', 'cerebrovascular injuries']
@entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Cerebrovascular Injuries']
