There is increasing evidence that alterations in metabolism of @entity412 -rich lipoproteins are of importance in the pathogenesis of @entity731 and its clinical consequences. Particles with the characteristics of @entity412 -rich lipoprotein remnants have been related to the extent and severity of @entity731 in @entity1 and in animal models. These particles can be identified using ultracentrifugal procedures as small, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) with Svedberg flotation rates (Sf) of 12-60. Postprandial @entity412 levels also have been related to risk of @entity453 , consistent with a pathologic role for remnant lipoproteins. In studies in which measurements of lipoprotein subfractions have been carried out, levels of IDL have been more predictive than low-density lipoprotein (LDL) of @entity731 progression as assessed by coronary artery angiography or carotid artery ultrasonography. These findings suggest that a considerable portion of the @entity301 risk attributed to LDL may be accounted for by the IDL particles included in standard LDL measurements. Other metabolic changes associated with increased levels of plasma @entity412 may also adversely affect @entity65 risk. These include reductions in HDL- @entity165 and apoprotein A1, increased levels of small dense LDL particles, redistribution of @entity12436 from HDL to apoB-containing lipoproteins, diminished insulin sensitivity, and procoagulant changes, including increased levels of the fibrinolysis inhibitor, @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ). A predominance of small dense LDL (subclass pattern B) is a discrete marker for this cluster of interrelated abnormalities and is found in 40-50% of @entity1 with @entity453 . Therapeutic interventions with favorable effects on components of this dysmetabolic profile appear to be of value in decreasing @entity731 risk in a substantial proportion of the population.

Atherogenicity of XXXX -rich lipoproteins.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients'] @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['PAI-1', 'plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1'] @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease'] @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride'] @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease'] @entity12436 :: ('345', 'Gene') :: ['apoC-III'] @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease'] @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']
@entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['triglyceride']
