BACKGROUND: This study investigates whether the type, nature or amount of polysubstance use can explain the increased risk of non-fatal @entity1445 among @entity1 who inject drugs with severe @entity458 . METHODS: Data came from three years (2011-2013) of the Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS), an annual sentinel sample of injecting drug users across Australia (n=2673). Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used on 14 drug types to construct five latent factors, each representing a type of polysubstance use. Tests of measurement invariance were carried out to determine if polysubstance use profiles differed between those with and without severe @entity458 . Next, we regressed non-fatal @entity1445 on the polysubstance use factors with differences in the relationships tested between groups. FINDINGS: Among those with severe @entity458 a polysubstance use profile characterised by @entity4521 , @entity1288 , crystal @entity888 and @entity2072 use was associated with greater risk of non-fatal @entity1445 . Among those without severe @entity458 , two polysubstance use profiles, largely characterised by opioid substitution therapies and prescription drugs, were protective against non-fatal @entity1445 . CONCLUSION: The types of polysubstance use profiles did not differ between @entity1 who inject drugs with and without severe @entity458 . However, the nature of use of one particular polysubstance profile placed the former group at a strongly increased risk of non-fatal @entity1445 , while the nature of polysubstance use involving opioid substitution therapies was protective only among the latter group. The findings identify polysubstance use profiles of importance to drug-related harms among individuals with @entity458 .

Can differences in the type, nature or amount of polysubstance use explain the increased risk of non-fatal @entity1445 among psychologically distressed XXXX who inject drugs?

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people'] @entity4521 :: ('MESH:D003932', 'Chemical') :: ['heroin'] @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone'] @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine'] @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress', 'psychological problems'] @entity2072 :: ('MESH:D003042', 'Chemical') :: ['cocaine'] @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdose']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']
