Importance: Little is known about the relative contributions of multisystem degenerative processes across the spectrum of predemented @entity73 in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Objective: To investigate the relative frequency of caudate nucleus dopaminergic and @entity51 across a spectrum of @entity73 @entity1 with @entity191 to explore their relative, individual, and combined contributions to @entity73 in @entity191 . Design, Setting, and @entity1 : A cross-sectional study at an @entity717 clinic that included a predominantly nondemented cohort of 143 @entity1 with @entity191 . The mean (SD) age of @entity1 was 65.5 (7.4) years and the mean (SD) Hoehn and Yahr stage was 2.4 (0.6). Main Outcomes and Measures: Binary classification of @entity505 11-labeled [11C]PMP acetylcholinesterase and caudate nucleus [11C]DTBZ monoaminergic positron-emission tomography imaging based on normative data. The frequency of significant degenerative processes based on normative values was determined for consecutive intervals of @entity73 , ranging from no or minimal (z   >   -0.5) to more severe (z    <=   -2) @entity73 . Results: Across the spectrum from minimal (z   >   -0.5) to more severe (z    <=   -2) global @entity73 scores, caudate nucleus dopaminergic denervation was relatively frequent in individuals with minimal or no cognitive changes (51.1%) and increased in @entity1 with more severe @entity73 (  2   =   12.8; P   =   .01). Cortical cholinergic denervation frequency increased monotonically with increasing @entity73 from 24.7% (z   >   -0.5) to 85.7% (z    <=   -2);   2   =   23.2; P   =   .001). Eighty-seven percent of @entity1 with @entity51 had caudate nucleus dopaminergic deficits. Multiple regression analysis (F   =   7.51; P   <   .001) showed both independent cognitive predictions for caudate nucleus dopaminergic (F   =   7.25; P   =   .008) and cortical cholinergic (F   =   7.50; P   =   .007) degenerations as well as interaction effects (F   =   5.40; P   =   .02). Conclusions and Relevance: Cortical cholinergic denervation is a major @entity179 associated with progressive declines across the spectrum of @entity73 in @entity191 and typically occurs in the context of significant caudate nucleus dopaminergic denervation. Our findings imply that dopaminergic and cholinergic degenerations exhibit both independent and interactive contributions to @entity73 in @entity191 .

Frequency of Cholinergic and Caudate Nucleus Dopaminergic Deficits Across the Predemented Cognitive Spectrum of XXXX and Evidence of Interaction Effects.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants'] @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitively impaired', 'cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline', 'cognitive impairments'] @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'PD'] @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neocortical cholinergic deficits', 'forebrain cholinergic deficits'] @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration'] @entity505 :: ('MESH:D002244', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon'] @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['academic movement disorders']
@entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson Disease']
