UNASSIGNED: Interaction between @entity3835 crystals and renal tubular cells has been recognized as one of the key mechanisms for @entity1290 formation. While crystal adhesion and internalization have been extensively investigated, subsequent phenomena (i.e. @entity1797 and dissolution) remained poorly understood. To explore these mechanisms, we used @entity2822 ( @entity2823 )-labelled @entity3835 ( @entity10812 ) crystals (1000   g/ml of crystals/culture medium) to confirm crystal internalization into MDCK ( @entity1605 ) renal tubular cells after exposure to the crystals for 1  h and to trace the internalized crystals. Crystal size, intracellular and extracellular fluorescence levels were measured using a spectrofluorometer for up to 48  h after crystal internalization. Moreover, markers for early endosome (Rab5), late endosome ( @entity55563 ) and lysosome ( @entity69277 ) were examined by laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry confirmed that @entity2823 -labelled @entity10812 crystals were internalized into MDCK cells (14.83      0.85%). The data also revealed a reduction of crystal size in a time-dependent manner. In concordance, intracellular and extracellular fluorescence levels were decreased and increased, respectively, indicating @entity1797 /dissolution inside the cells and the degraded products were eliminated extracellularly. Moreover, Rab5 and @entity55563 were both up-regulated and were also associated with the up-regulated @entity69277 to form large endolysosomes in the @entity10812 -treated cells at 16-h after crystal internalization. We demonstrate herein, for the first time, that @entity10812 crystals could be degraded/dissolved by endolysosomes inside renal tubular cells. These findings will be helpful to better understand the crystal fate and protective mechanism against @entity1290 formation.

XXXX crystals internalized into renal tubular cells are degraded and dissolved by endolysosomes.

@entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Type II'] @entity3835 :: ('MESH:D002129', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium oxalate monohydrate', 'calcium oxalate'] @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['crystal degradation'] @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate'] @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stone'] @entity2823 :: ('MESH:D016650', 'Chemical') :: ['FITC'] @entity10812 :: ('CHEBI:17905', 'Chemical') :: ['COM'] @entity55563 :: ('404007(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['Rab7'] @entity69277 :: ('481037(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['LAMP-2']
@entity3835 :: (MESH:D002129,Chemical) :: ['Calcium oxalate monohydrate']
