Research on the use of natural products to treat or prevent microbial invasion as alternatives to antibiotic use is growing. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) play a vital role with regard to the innate immune response that affects severity or duration of @entity1271 . To our knowledge, effect of cold-pressed terpeneless @entity7588 oil ( @entity68466 ) on @entity291 PMNL function has not been elucidated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity68466 on @entity291 blood PMNL @entity6722 and phagocytosis capabilities and the expression of genes involved in inflammatory response in vitro. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were isolated from jugular blood of 12 Holstein @entity291 in mid-lactation and were incubated with 0.0 or 0.01% @entity68466 for 120 min at 37  C and 5% @entity515 , and phagocytosis (2 * 10(6) PMNL) and @entity6722 (6 * 10(6) PMNL) assays were then performed in vitro. For gene expression, RNA was extracted from incubated PMNL (6 * 10(6) PMNL), and gene expression was analyzed using quantitative PCR. The supernatant was stored at -80  C for analysis of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a. Data were analyzed using a general linear mixed model with @entity291 and treatment (i.e., control or @entity68466 ) in the model statement. In vitro supplementation of 0.01% of @entity68466 increased the chemotactic ability to @entity12524 by 47%; however, migration of PMNL to complement 5a was not altered. Treatment did not affect the production of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a by PMNL. Expression of proinflammatory genes (i.e., SELL, @entity17298 , @entity68467 , @entity68468 , and @entity68469 ) coding for proteins was not altered by incubation of PMNL with @entity68466 . However, downregulation of @entity34919 [fold change (FC = treatment/control) = -2.14], @entity49928 (FC = 1.82), @entity7020 (FC = -2.16), @entity17299 (FC = -9.43), and @entity26168 (FC = -1.57) was observed for PMNL incubated with @entity68466 when compared with controls. Interestingly, expression of @entity17838 , a well-known antiinflammatory cytokine, was also downregulated (FC = -3.78), whereas expression of @entity12524 (FC = 1.93), a gene coding for the cytokine @entity12524 known for its chemotactic function, tended to be upregulated in PMNL incubated with @entity68466 . Incubation of PMNL with @entity68466 enhanced PMNL @entity6722 in vitro. The expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response was primarily downregulated. Results showed that 0.01% @entity68466 did not impair the function of PMNL in vitro. Future studies investigating the use of @entity68466 as an alternative therapy for treatment of @entity1271 , including dose and duration, for @entity291 during lactation are warranted.

The effect of citrus-derived oil on XXXX blood neutrophil function and gene expression in vitro.

@entity7020 :: ('281251(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['IL1B'] @entity12524 :: ('280828(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['IL8', 'IL-8'] @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis'] @entity49928 :: ('282291(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['NFKBIA'] @entity68467 :: ('533953(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['IRAK1'] @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity17299 :: ('280943(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['TNFA'] @entity17298 :: ('281536(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['TLR4'] @entity7588 :: ('2711', 'Species') :: ['Valencia orange'] @entity68466 :: ('CHEBI:73156', 'Chemical') :: ['TCO'] @entity515 :: ('CHEBI:29334', 'Chemical') :: ['CO2'] @entity17838 :: ('281246(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['IL10'] @entity1271 :: ('MESH:D008413', 'Disease') :: ['mastitis'] @entity26168 :: ('104973000', 'Gene') :: ['SOD2'] @entity68468 :: ('539124(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['TRAF6'] @entity34919 :: ('281534(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['TLR2'] @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cows', 'cow', 'bovine'] @entity68469 :: ('777776(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['LYZ']
@entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']
