BACKGROUND: Branched-chain @entity1718 or @entity33252 have been reported to possess anti- @entity5 activity in @entity5 models. Here we study @entity70398 ( @entity70399 ), a branched-chain @entity844 , isolated from a sea @entity9688 extract, on the growth of @entity263 cells and investigate the underlying mechanisms of its effect. METHODS: 12-MTA was evaluated by @entity98 assay for its ability to inhibit cell proliferation in various @entity5 types. The ability of 12-MTA to induce apoptosis of @entity5049 cells was examined by morphologic changes, @entity2667 (PI) staining, and @entity522 activation. Furthermore, alteration of @entity9610 metabolism by 12-MTA was examined in @entity5049 and RBL-1 cells and in purified lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. RESULTS: 12-MTA inhibited proliferation of various cell lines, with IC50s ranging from 17.99 to 35.44 microg/ml. PI staining clearly showed that 12-MTA caused @entity5049 cell death through induction of apoptosis. At 50 microg/ml, 12-MTA increased @entity522 activity four to seven-fold compared with that in control cells. Examination of cellular @entity3899 metabolism showed that at 25 microg/ml, 12-MTA reduced the level of @entity11902 ( @entity11902 ) by 45%. Furthermore, exogenous @entity11902 protects @entity5049 cells from 12-MTA induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS: 12-MTA inhibited proliferation of @entity5 cells via apoptosis, in which @entity522 may play a role. At relevant concentrations, 12-MTA can selectively inhibit the formation of @entity11902 , a metabolite of @entity1437 . This agent may be a novel adjunctive therapy for selected @entity5 including @entity263 .

Inhibition of proliferation of @entity5049 cells by the branched-chain XXXX , @entity70398 , is associated with inhibition of @entity1437 .

@entity1437 :: ('240', 'Gene') :: ['5-lipoxygenase'] @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid'] @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer'] @entity522 :: ('836', 'Gene') :: ['caspase-3'] @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'various tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies'] @entity70398 :: ('MESH:C069642', 'Chemical') :: ['12-methyltetradecanoic acid'] @entity9610 :: ('CHEBI:23899', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoid'] @entity70399 :: ('CHEBI:39251', 'Chemical') :: ['12-MTA'] @entity9688 :: ('3659', 'Species') :: ['cucumber'] @entity11902 :: ('MESH:C022022', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid', '5-HETE'] @entity98 :: ('CHEBI:53233', 'Chemical') :: ['MTT'] @entity5049 :: ('57332', 'Gene') :: ['PC3'] @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonate'] @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids'] @entity33252 :: ('MESH:D005233', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty alcohols']
@entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']
