This study is the first one that describes the situation of @entity4502 ( @entity4502 ) in Tunisia, with its clinical and epidemiological characteristics and investigates the risk factors associated with @entity281 in our country. We conducted a retrospective multicentric study during 5 years (2008-2012) concerning all confirmed @entity4502 cases in Tunisia and we investigated risk factors for @entity281 . The total of confirmed @entity4502 cases was 14. Incidence was 0.03. Mean age: 53.1, sex ratio (M/F): 2.6. Summer-autumnal peak was noted. Risk factors for @entity281 were: the great humidity at home (n=4), living in community (n=3) and practice ablutions (before prayer) in public places (n=4). Community acquired @entity2115 (n=9) and nosocomial (n=2). Pulmonary symptoms (n=11)+/-gastrointestinal (n=6) and/or neurological signs (n=4). Beta lactams therapy failed (n=11). CXR showed @entity66 (n=6). Abnormalities in laboratory values were noted: @entity2753 (n=9), high @entity9153 levels (n=9). Diagnosis was confirmed by positive urinary Legionella antigens test (n=10) and by direct immunofluorescence (n=1). Treatment was based on bitherapy (n=10). Five @entity1 died. The incidence of @entity4502 appears lower than other countries. Some risk factors, as ablutions, are different from that reported in Western countries and seem to be specific to our society. Given the seriousness of its consequences, it is strongly recommended to improve the national surveillance system up and register @entity4502 as notifiable disease.

[Analysis of severe XXXX hospitalized in intensive care units in Tunisia].

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity4502 :: ('MESH:D007877', 'Disease') :: ['LD', "Legionnaires' disease"] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral lesions'] @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Legionella infections'] @entity9153 :: ('5286', 'Gene') :: ['CPK'] @entity2115 :: ('MESH:D007876', 'Disease') :: ['legionellosis']
@entity2115 :: (MESH:D007876,Disease) :: ['Legionellosis']
