UNASSIGNED: Frozen shoulder is a relatively common disorder that leads to severe @entity158 and stiffness in the shoulder joint. Although this disorder is self-limiting in nature, the symptoms often persist for years, resulting in severe disability. Recent studies using @entity1 specimens and animal models have shown distinct changes in the gene expression patterns in frozen shoulder tissue, indicating that novel therapeutic intervention could be achieved by controlling the genes that are potentially involved in the development of frozen shoulder. To achieve this goal, it is imperative to develop a reliable @entity1159 model in which gene expression can be manipulated by gene targeting and transgenic technologies. Here, we describe a novel shoulder @entity1159 @entity19 model. We found that this model mimics the clinical presentation of @entity1 frozen shoulder and recapitulates the changes in the gene expression pattern and the histology of frozen shoulder and joint @entity1159 in @entity1 and other larger animal models. The model is highly reproducible, without any major complications. Therefore, the present model may serve as a useful tool for investigating frozen shoulder etiology and for identifying its potential target genes.    2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1732-1738, 2015.

Generation and characterization of a novel shoulder @entity1159 XXXX model.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain'] @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture', 'animal joint contracture']
@entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']
