@entity455 involving the lips pose a difficult problem for both the surgeon and @entity1 . Their removal by surgery may result in greater disfigurement and impairment than the original lesion. When nonsurgical modalities fail, using a well-planned strategy of sequential procedures can provide excellent results. Many @entity2695 @entity1 require judicious serial debulking of excess tissue mass, whereas enlargement from port-wine lesions may require direct aggressive surgery. Over a 10-year period, 38 @entity1 underwent surgery for treatment of vascular lip enlargement. In 27 @entity1 , the @entity3306 were caused by @entity2695 . The remaining 11 @entity1 had @entity7748 associated with port-wine @entity1462 . This paper specifically addresses @entity2695 of the lips, tenets for their removal, and reduction strategies. Of the 27 @entity1 with @entity2695 involving the lips, 12 had had some form of previous treatment including corticosteroids (4 @entity1 ), embolization (3 @entity1 ), laser (3 @entity1 ), and interferon (2 @entity1 ). All 12 of these @entity1 had unsatisfactory results. Specific tenets for the surgical management of these @entity1 are presented. The distribution of the @entity2652 was as follows: 15 @entity1 had isolated involvement of the upper lip, 7 lesions involved the lower lip alone and 5 involved both upper and lower lips. Additionally, 10 of these lesions involved the cheek(s), nose, or chin to some degree. Six @entity1 experienced some form of functional impairment before our evaluation including difficulty with eating or drinking, @entity227 . All operations were performed following several principles established by the senior surgeon (B.M.Z.). By following the tenets presented in this report, he has achieved near-normal lip form, giving the @entity1 marked improvement in appearance and function.

Vascular lip enlargement: Part I. XXXX --tenets of therapy.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual obstruction, and psychosocial problems'] @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular lesions'] @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial hemangiomas'] @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'hemangiomas'] @entity3306 :: ('MESH:D008047', 'Disease') :: ['lip deformities'] @entity7748 :: ('MESH:D008556', 'Disease') :: ['macrocheilia'] @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations']
@entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['Hemangiomas']
