Most of the research related to @entity1 @entity1295 in the aviation industry has focussed on long-haul pilots, but short-haul pilots also experience elevated levels of @entity1295 . The aim of this study was to examine the impact of early start times on the amount of @entity25 prior to duty and on @entity1295 levels at the start of duty. Seventy short-haul pilots collected data regarding their duty schedule and sleep/wake behaviour for at least two weeks. Data were collected using self-report duty/sleep diaries and wrist activity monitors. Mixed-effects regression analyses were used to examine the effects of duty start time (04:00-10:00 h) on (i) the total amount of @entity25 in the 12h prior to the start of duty and (ii) self-rated @entity1295 level at the start of duty. Both analyses indicated significant main effects of duty start time. In particular, the amount of @entity25 in the 12h prior to duty was lowest for duty periods that commenced between 04:00 and 05:00 h (i.e. 5.4h), and greatest for duty periods that commenced between 09:00 and 10:00 h (i.e. 6.6h). These data indicate that approximately 15 min of sleep is lost for every hour that the start of duty is advanced prior to 09:00 h. In addition, self-rated @entity1295 at the start of duty was highest for duty periods that commenced between 04:00 and 05:00 h, and lowest for duty periods that commenced between 09:00 and 10:00 h. Airlines should implement a @entity1295 risk management system (FRMS) for short-haul pilots required to work early-morning shifts. One component of the FRMS should be focussed on the production of ' @entity1295 . A second component of the FRMS should be focussed on training pilots to optimise sleep opportunities, to identify circumstances where the likelihood of @entity1295 is elevated, and to manage the risks associated with @entity73 .

Duty periods with early start times restrict the amount of XXXX by short-haul airline pilots.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue-related impairment'] @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ["fatigue-friendly' rosters", 'fatigue'] @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep obtained']
@entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep obtained']
