@entity7309 ( @entity7309 ) was the first growth factor isolated from the prostate. Because of its proliferative effect on fibroblasts and its affinity for heparin, it was first recognized as belonging to the family of fibroblastic growth factors then identified as @entity540 ( @entity540 ) by Story in 1980. The presence of paracrine signals between the fibromuscular stroma and the epithelial tissue in the prostate were first demonstrated in 1970 by the incapacity of epithelial cells to grow without the presence of mesenchymal tissue. These paracrine relations are established during embryogenesis of the prostate and are required for its development and functional control in the adult. @entity10471 ( @entity10471 ), also called @entity10471 , could be a stomal @entity342 mediator with a mitogenic paracrine effect on the epithelium. Dysregulation of growth factors has been suggested to be involved in the development of @entity263 in elderly @entity1 (benign @entity1184 and @entity263 ). FGFs probably play an important role in @entity1067 . Several studies have demonstrated an important rise in mRNA levels for these factors in benign hyperplastic tissue compared with "normal" tissue. This increased level would be associated with fibromuscular proliferation in periglandular tissue and could explain, at least in prat, the @entity2543 often associated with the paracrine stimulating effect. In @entity263 , different families of growth factors have been associated with acquisition of aggressive @entity5 functions. The EGF receptor and its ligands, the IGF family, beta TGF and certain neuropeptides could be partially implicated in @entity342 -independent autocrine growth. Heparin-related growth factors (FGFs, Midkine family), @entity7 or endothelin could be more particularly implicated in metastatic progression by stimulating cell motility, angiogenesis and metastatic implantation by a two-way cooperation between the @entity5 and the stroma in which it is implanted. Several of these factors are found in the blood stream and have been proposed as biological markers of poor prognosis. Knowledge of peptides regulating prostate growth or of growth factor antagonists has led to the concept of antipeptidergic therapy as an adjuvant in antiprostate @entity5 regiments.

[Growth factors and XXXX ].

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men'] @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'cancer of the prostate', 'prostate tumors'] @entity7309 :: ('5228', 'Gene') :: ['PGF', 'Prostate growth factor'] @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF'] @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy'] @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostate hypertrophy'] @entity10471 :: ('2252', 'Gene') :: ['KGF', 'FGF-7', 'Keratinocyte growth factor'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor'] @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial hyperplasia'] @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']
@entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic tumors']
