UNASSIGNED: Studies of @entity683 -specific immune responses in @entity1 have largely assessed systemic responses involving serum Ab and peripheral blood T cell responses. However, recent evidence indicates that tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells play an important role in local @entity19 intrapulmonary immunity. @entity2608 were pulmonary exposed to 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus at days 0 and 28 and immune responses in different tissue compartments were measured. All animals were asymptomatic postinfection. Although only minimal memory immune responses were detected in peripheral blood, a high frequency of @entity683 nucleoprotein-specific memory T cells was detected in the lung at the "contraction phase," 49-58 d after second virus inoculation. A substantial proportion of lung nucleoprotein-specific memory CD8(+) T cells expressed CD103 and @entity64328 , phenotypic markers of TRM cells. Lung CD103(+) and CD103(-) memory CD8(+) T cells expressed similar levels of IFN-y and @entity36224 . Unlike memory T cells, spontaneous Ab secreting cells and memory B cells specific to @entity683 hemagglutinin were primarily observed in the mediastinal lymph nodes. Little difference in systemic and local immune responses against @entity683 was observed between young adult (6-8 y) and old animals (18-28 y). Using a nonhuman primate model, we revealed substantial induction of local T and B cell responses following 2009 pandemic @entity281 . Our study identified a subset of @entity683 -specific lung memory T cells characterized as TRM cells in @entity2608 . The @entity2608 model may be useful to explore the role of TRM cells in local tissue protective immunity after rechallenge and vaccination.

Tissue Distribution of Memory T and B Cells in XXXX following Influenza @entity281 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['murine'] @entity36224 :: ('708017(Tax:9544)', 'Gene') :: ['IL-2'] @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza'] @entity64328 :: ('717288(Tax:9544)', 'Gene') :: ['CD69'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['H1N1 infection'] @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys', 'Rhesus monkeys', 'rhesus monkey']
@entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['Rhesus Monkeys']
