This paper describes current knowledge of @entity1391 precipitation chemistry in the context of @entity3151 recovery from wastewaters, and presents experimental results on the effect of organic species, as key potential inhibitors, to the precipitation of @entity78 . The supersaturation required for precipitation at 25 degrees C, pH 7, 0.1 M ionic strength and near-stoichiometric (for @entity692 ) @entity460 to @entity1391 molar ratio was determined under spontaneous precipitation conditions. The experiments were carried out in air. The phase precipitating at the critical concentration was allowed to grow under constant supersaturation. The influence of organic ligands on the precipitation was investigated using two small molecular weight organic ligands, @entity598 and @entity1792 , present at a concentration of 10(-3) M. The precipitate was studied using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Good reproducibility of the experiments, which were carried out in triplicate, was observed. The study assessed the supersaturation necessary for spontaneous precipitation of @entity692 to be 10.93, calculated using a solubility constant of log K= -57.74. The required supersaturation was not affected by the presence of @entity598 . However, @entity1792 was found to increase the supersaturation required for precipitation to 11.73. It is likely that this increase is due to binding of @entity1792 on the active growth sites of newly formed nuclei, thereby inhibiting precipitation. All experiments showed formation of a single phase: micro-crystalline @entity692 .

The application of @entity78 precipitation chemistry to XXXX recovery: the influence of organic ligands.

@entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citrate'] @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate'] @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate'] @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxylapatite'] @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate'] @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium'] @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']
@entity3151 :: (MESH:D010758,Chemical) :: ['phosphorus']
