PURPOSE: Several models of @entity5 progression, including @entity2214 , parallel evolution, and same-gene models, have been proposed to date. The purpose of this study is to investigate the authenticity of these models by comparison of accumulated genetic alterations between primary and corresponding metastatic @entity2 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A whole-genome @entity74 scanning using a high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism array and mutational analysis of the @entity876 , @entity470 , and @entity984 genes were done on eight sets of primary and metastatic @entity2 . Based on the genotype data, the natural history of each case was deduced, and candidate @entity3 suppressor loci were determined. RESULTS: Five to 20 chromosomal regions showed @entity74 in each @entity5 . Accumulated genetic alterations were similar between primary and corresponding @entity3 , and the majority(>67%) of genetic alterations detected in @entity3 was also detected in the corresponding @entity5 . On the other hand, in seven of the eight cases, there were genetic alterations accumulated only in @entity3 . Among these alterations, @entity74 at chromosome 11p15 and 11p11- @entity4668 regions were the most frequent ones (4 of 8, 50%). Likewise, four cases showed genetic alterations detected only in @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The natural history of each case indicated that the process of @entity3 varies among cases, and that all three models are applicable to @entity2 progression. According to the clonal and parallel evolution models, it is possible that a @entity3 suppressor gene(s) for @entity2 is present on chromosome 11p.

Clonal and parallel evolution of primary @entity2 and their metastases revealed by molecular dissection of XXXX cells.

@entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal evolution'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancer'] @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR'] @entity984 :: ('3845', 'Gene') :: ['KRAS'] @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer'] @entity4668 :: ('440926', 'Gene') :: ['p13'] @entity876 :: ('7157', 'Gene') :: ['p53'] @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['allelic imbalance', 'allelic imbalances'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumors']
@entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']
