OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between antimalarials (AM) and elevated muscle enzymes in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). PATIENTSMETHODS: 325 @entity1252 @entity1 with abnormal @entity908 phosphokinase (CPK) for at least two consecutive clinic visits were enrolled; 54 @entity1 on statins/fibrates (n   =   43) and/or active @entity5442 (n   =   14) were excluded. The control group consisted of 1453 @entity1252 @entity1 with no CPK elevation during follow-up. Descriptive statistics and Cox regression analyses were performed, p   <   0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Cases and controls did not differ regarding age at @entity1252 diagnosis, gender ratio, or disease duration. AM use was more frequent in cases, which had more prolonged AM use. Total frequency of elevated CPK in AM users was 216/1322 (16.3%). @entity503 was associated with a 3.3-fold, and @entity6383 with a 3.1-fold, increased risk for CPK elevation. Black race was associated with higher CPK (HR   =   2.941), whereas female gender was protective (HR   =   0.697). 203 @entity1 were followed for 7.3        5.6 years; 49.8% had persistent and 14.8% intermittent CPK elevation, while in 35.4% CPK was normalized. Clinical proximal @entity425 developed in 5/203 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Chronic AM use is a potential risk factor for muscle enzyme elevation in @entity1252 @entity1 . @entity34793 persist in almost two thirds of the @entity1 , but this remains mainly a biochemical finding, evolving to clinical @entity121 in about 2.5%.

Antimalarials as a risk factor for elevated muscle enzymes in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['myositis'] @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine'] @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus'] @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness'] @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine'] @entity34793 :: ('OMIM:123320', 'Disease') :: ['CPK abnormalities'] @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloroquine'] @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']
@entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']
