BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major public health issue. This review updates the evidence on the effectiveness of behavioural and pharmacologic treatments for @entity2973 and @entity28 in adults. METHODS: We updated the search conducted in a previous review. Randomized trials of primary-care-relevant behavioural (diet, exercise and lifestyle) and pharmacologic ( @entity350 and @entity2449 ) with or without behavioural treatments in @entity2973 and @entity28 adults were included if 12-month, postbaseline data were provided for weight outcomes. Studies reporting harms were included regardless of design. Data were extracted and pooled wherever possible for 5 weight outcomes, 6 secondary health outcomes and 4 adverse events categories. RESULTS: We identified 68 studies, most consisted of short-term ( <=  12 mo) treatments using diet (n  =  8), exercise (n  =  4), diet and exercise (n  =  10), lifestyle (n  =  19), @entity350 (n  =  25) or @entity2449 (n  =  4). Compared with the control groups, intervention @entity1 had a greater weight loss of -3.02  kg (95% confidence interval [CI] -3.52 to -2.52), a greater reduction in waist circumference of -2.78  cm (95% CI -3.34 to -2.22) and a greater reduction in body mass index of -1.11  kg/m(2) (95% CI -1.39 to -0.84). The relative risk for loss of >=   5% body weight was 1.77 (95% CI 1.58-1.99, [number needed to treat 5, 95% CI 4-7]), and the relative risk for loss of >=   10% body weight was 1.91 (95% CI 1.69-2.16, [number needed to treat 9, 95% CI 7-12]). Incidence of @entity164 2 @entity6 was lower among pre- @entity6 intervention @entity1 (relative risk 0.62 [95% CI 0.50-0.77], number needed to treat 17 [95% CI 13-29]). With prevalence rates for @entity164 2 @entity6 on the rise, weight loss coupled with a reduction in the incidence of @entity164 2 @entity6 could potentially have a significant benefit on population health and a possible reduction in need for drug treatments for glycemic control. INTERPRETATION: There is moderate quality evidence that behavioural and pharmacologic plus behvioural, treatments for @entity2973 and @entity28 in adults lead to clinically important reductions in weight and incidence of @entity164 2 @entity6 in pre- @entity6 populations. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO no. CRD42012002753.

Treatment for @entity2973 and XXXX in adult populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants'] @entity350 :: ('MESH:C055122', 'Chemical') :: ['orlistat'] @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes'] @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight'] @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['type'] @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']
@entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']
