BACKGROUND: Gender-associated epigenetic alterations are poorly investigated in male and female @entity0 ( @entity0 ). MicroRNAs may contribute to the different biology in @entity1 and @entity1 particularly related to @entity15893 pathways. METHODS: Microarray technology was used to evaluate miRNA profile in 24 male and 43 female @entity0 . Key results were validated using RT-qPCR in an external samples set. In vitro studies were carried out to verify microRNA-target gene interaction. RESULTS: Pathway enrichment analysis with the 287 differentially expressed microRNAs revealed several signalling pathways differently regulated in male and female cases. Because we previously hypothesised a peculiar involvement of @entity15893 in male @entity0 pathogenesis, we focussed on the MAPK and the Hippo signalling pathways that are regulated by @entity15893 . Male @entity20479 and @entity36221 upregulation and @entity15893 and @entity23777 interacting gene downregulation were observed, confirming a possible indirect interaction between miRNAs and the two genes. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, a different microRNA expression pattern in male and female @entity0 has been shown. Moreover, the importance of @entity15893 pathway in male @entity0 @entity105 has been confirmed, highlighting a possible role for @entity20479 and @entity36221 in controlling MAPK and Hippo signalling pathways, regulated by @entity15893 .

MicroRNA expression profiling in male and female XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'men'] @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['familial breast cancer', 'fBC'] @entity23777 :: ('83593', 'Gene') :: ['NORE1A'] @entity15893 :: ('11186', 'Gene') :: ['RASSF1A'] @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis'] @entity36221 :: ('574456', 'Gene') :: ['miR-497'] @entity20479 :: ('406943', 'Gene') :: ['miR-152']
@entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['familial breast cancer']
