UNASSIGNED: Stress tolerance can be induced in embryos by oocyte exposure to hydrostatic pressure, osmotic agents, @entity1457 , or reactive @entity26 species. This study assessed the effects of exposing @entity291 oocytes to a @entity842 (NO) donor, @entity1854 ( @entity4982 ), on subsequent in  vitro embryo production, embryo quality and the expression of genes involved in NO production ( @entity29018 , eNOS, and nNOS), stress tolerance (HSP70 and HSP90), oxidative stress ( @entity32086 and @entity36879 ), and apoptosis ( @entity68137 ). In  vitro mature oocytes were incubated with @entity4982 (control, 10(-6)M, 10(-5)M, and 10(-4)M) for 1  hour before in  vitro fertilization, and cultured until Day 7. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were recorded. Next, embryo quality (ratio of inner cell mass to total cell number) and relative gene expression of @entity29018 , eNOS, nNOS, HSP70, HSP90, @entity32086 , @entity36879 , and @entity68137 were determined in expanded blastocysts. Cleavage rates were significantly lower for 10(-4)M @entity4982 compared with the control and 10(-5)M @entity4982 treatments (77      7.1%, 82      8.4%, and 84.9      4.1%, respectively). Total blastocyst rates were lower in the 10(-4)M @entity4982 group relative to the control group (26.2      4.9% and 34.1      7.8%, respectively). Embryo quality was similar among the groups. However, our relative gene expression analysis revealed the downregulation of endothelial @entity8369 nitric synthase messenger RNA in expanded blastocysts in all the treatment groups compared with the control treatment. These results suggest that the short-term exposure of mature @entity291 oocytes to a NO donor does not induce their stress tolerance and has no beneficial effect on the in  vitro embryo production of @entity291 embryos.

Effects of short-term exposure of mature oocytes to @entity1854 on in  vitro embryo production and gene expression in XXXX .

@entity36879 :: ('282885(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['PRDX5'] @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside'] @entity32086 :: ('281814(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['HIF1A'] @entity68137 :: ('282151(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['BCL2A1'] @entity4982 :: ('D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['SNP'] @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide'] @entity29018 :: ('282876(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['iNOS'] @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['bovine'] @entity8369 :: ('CHEBI:25741', 'Chemical') :: ['oxide']
@entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']
