@entity21243 (1), a @entity14521 with pleotropic effects including inhibition of @entity5 growth, is well known to trigger apoptosis of nucleated cells. The effect is at least partially due to altered gene expression and @entity2383 . Erythrocytes lack nuclei and mitochondria but, similar to nucleated cells, may undergo suicidal cell death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the cell membrane. Triggers of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic @entity141 activity ([ @entity141 ]i), @entity2367 formation and/or @entity855 depletion. The present study has investigated whether or not 1 induces eryptosis. [ @entity141 ]i was estimated from @entity3576 fluorescence, cell volume from forward scatter, phospholipid scrambling from @entity4404 binding, @entity2142 from hemoglobin release, and cytosolic @entity855 concentration ([ @entity855 ]i) utilizing a luciferase assay and @entity2367 -utilizing fluorescent antibodies in FACS analysis. As a result, exposure of erythrocytes for 48 h to 1 (>= 5  M) did not significantly modify [ @entity855 ]i, but significantly increased [ @entity141 ]i, stimulated @entity2367 formation, decreased forward scatter, triggered @entity4404 binding, and elicited @entity2142 . At 5  M, 1 stimulated phospholipid scrambling in 10% and @entity2142 in 2% of treated erythrocytes. @entity4404 binding was blunted in the nominal absence of @entity141 . In conclusion, the food component @entity21243 stimulates suicidal death of erythrocytes, i.e., cells devoid of nuclei and mitochondria.

Triggering of erythrocyte cell membrane scrambling by XXXX .

@entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity4404 :: ('308', 'Gene') :: ['annexin V', 'Annexin V'] @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis'] @entity3576 :: ('MESH:C059715', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluo-3'] @entity14521 :: ('CHEBI:36615', 'Chemical') :: ['triterpenoid'] @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide'] @entity141 :: ('CHEBI:29108', 'Chemical') :: ['Ca2+'] @entity21243 :: ('MESH:C005466', 'Chemical') :: ['ursolic acid', 'Ursolic acid'] @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['ATP'] @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']
@entity21243 :: (MESH:C005466,Chemical) :: ['ursolic acid']
