OBJECTIVE: Persistent hoarseness due to recurrent @entity2895 (RLNP) reduces the quality of life unless it is adequately treated. This study examined the indications for phonosurgical intervention in @entity1 with RLNP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of the Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan, from October 1976 until December 1997 were reviewed retrospectively to identify @entity1 with RLNP. The data collected included age, gender, paralyzed side, and cause of @entity912 . RESULTS: Four hundred and sixty-six @entity1 with RLNP were identified: 262 males and 204 females. Unilateral RLNP was present in 422 @entity1 , while 44 presented with bilateral RLNP. The incidence was relatively high in the 7th and 8th decades, and was twice as high in male @entity1 as in female @entity1 . The 466 @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 included 225 @entity1 seen before January 1987, and Group 2 included 241 @entity1 seen after this date. The number of @entity1 with postoperative RLNP was significantly higher in Group 2 (124 of 239 @entity1 ) than in Group 1 (65 of 227 @entity1 ) (P<0.05). Surgery for @entity65 , @entity418 , and skull base and @entity259 contributed to this increased incidence of postoperative RLNP. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with persistent unilateral RLNP require appropriate treatment for hoarseness, regardless of its cause. Since the incidence of RLNP related to surgery was significantly increased in Group 2, phonosurgery has become more important for improving the quality of life of these @entity1 .

Causes of recurrent XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve paralysis'] @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease'] @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid gland tumors'] @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']
@entity2895 :: (MESH:D015840,Disease) :: ['laryngeal nerve paralysis']
