STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative study. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the early postoperative analgesic effects and the @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) associated with three methods of @entity158 control after posterior lumbar spinal surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The use of opioids for @entity282 control is common after spinal surgery; however, @entity1209 is the most frequently encountered side effect, and it is yet to be overcome. The effectiveness of the use of an absorbable low-dose @entity1286 -soaked microfibrillar collagen hemostatic sponge placed on the surface of the dural sac (epidural MMCHS) was compared to @entity1 -controlled analgesia ( @entity4901 ) and intermittent intramuscular bolus injection of @entity6882 for @entity282 control after spine surgery. METHODS: One hundred sixty-five @entity1 who underwent short-segment posterior lumbar spinal decompression and fusion surgery between January 2007 and July 2007 in the orthopedic department of a medical center were enrolled. For @entity282 control, 40 @entity1 received epidural MMCHS, 48 @entity1 received @entity4901 , and 77 @entity1 received @entity6882 injection. @entity1 ratings of @entity158 intensity (visual analog scale score from 0 [no @entity158 ] to 10 [most severe @entity158 ]), @entity390 (from 0 [no @entity390 ] to 5 [severe @entity390 ]), and @entity391 (from 0 [no @entity391 ] to 5 [severe @entity391 ]) were recorded at 4 hours postoperation and on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3. RESULTS: The analgesic effect was enhanced significantly in both epidural MMCHS group and the @entity4901 group as compared with the @entity6882 group on postoperative days 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). On postoperative days 1, 2, and 3, @entity1209 was more severe in the @entity4901 group than in the other two groups (P < 0.05). The side effects of epidural MMCHS were @entity390 (25%), @entity111 (12.5%), @entity391 (5%), and @entity551 (2.5%). CONCLUSION: A single low-dose epidural MMCHS is effective for @entity282 control and minimizes the occurrence of @entity1209 after posterior lumbar spinal surgery.

A comparison of three types of XXXX control after posterior lumbar spinal surgery.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient'] @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['nausea'] @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting'] @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus'] @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine'] @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension'] @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain'] @entity4901 :: ('CHEBI:36751', 'Chemical') :: ['PCA'] @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain'] @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['PONV', 'postoperative nausea and vomiting']
@entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']
