OBJECTIVES: Gender-specific data on the outcome of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) are a subject of controversy. We aimed to compare treatment responses between genders in a setting of equal access to cART over a 14-year period. METHODS: Analyses included treatment-na  ve @entity1 in the Swiss @entity645 Cohort Study starting cART between 1998 and 2011 and were restricted to @entity1 infected by heterosexual contacts or injecting drug use, excluding @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 3925 @entity1 (1984 @entity1 and 1941 @entity1 ) were included in the analysis. @entity1 were younger and had higher CD4 cell counts and lower @entity645 RNA at baseline than @entity1 . @entity1 were less likely to achieve virological suppression   <   50 @entity2858 RNA copies/ @entity49319 year (75.2% versus 78.1% of @entity1 ; P   =   0.029) and at 2 years (77.5% versus 81.1%, respectively; P   =   0.008), whereas no difference between sexes was observed at 5 years (81.3% versus 80.5%, respectively; P   =   0.635). The probability of virological suppression increased in both genders over time (test for trend, P   <   0.001). The median increase in CD4 cell count at 1, 2 and 5 years was generally higher in @entity1 during the whole study period, but it gradually improved over time in both sexes (P   <   0.001). @entity1 also were more likely to switch or stop treatment during the first year of cART, and stops were only partly driven by pregnancy. In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, @entity645 -related factors, cART and calendar period, female gender was no longer associated with lower odds of virological suppression. CONCLUSIONS: Gender inequalities in the response to cART are mainly explained by the different prevalence of socioeconomic characteristics in @entity1 compared with @entity1 .

Gender inequalities in the response to combination antiretroviral therapy over time: the Swiss XXXX Cohort Study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men'] @entity49319 :: ('20539(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['mL at 1'] @entity645 :: ('57667', 'Species') :: ['HIV'] @entity2858 :: ('11676', 'Species') :: ['HIV-1']
@entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']
