OBJECTIVE: The absence of neurobiological diagnostic markers of @entity162 ( @entity162 ) leads to its frequent misdiagnosis as @entity308 ( @entity308 ). We investigated if changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) could help to differentiate @entity162 from @entity308 in the state of @entity308 . METHODS: Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) we employed a voxel-based analysis approach to examine fractional anisotropy (FA) in 86 @entity1 experiencing an acute major @entity308 according to DSM-IV (N=39 @entity162 , mean age 39.2  years; N=43 @entity308 , mean age 39.0  years), and 42 healthy controls (HC, mean age 36.1  years). The groups did not differ in sex, age or total education time. FA was investigated in white matter (FA >.2) and hypothesis-driven anatomically defined tracts (region-of-interest [ROI] analysis). Additionally, an exploratory gray matter FA analysis was performed. RESULTS: White matter analysis showed @entity393 in the right corticospinal tract in @entity308 vs HC and in the right corticospinal tract/superior @entity3057 in @entity162 vs HC and also in @entity162 vs @entity308 . ROI analysis revealed @entity393 in @entity162 vs @entity308 in the corpus callosum and in the cingulum. Gray matter exploratory analysis revealed @entity393 in the left middle frontal gyrus and in the right inferior frontal gyrus in @entity308 vs HC, and in the left superior medial gyrus in @entity162 vs HC. CONCLUSION: This is one of very few studies directly showing differences in FA between @entity162 and @entity308 . Gray matter FA changes in prefrontal areas might be precursors for future prefrontal gray matter @entity66 .

A voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging study in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD'] @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['UD', 'depression', 'unipolar depression', 'depressive episode'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in these disorders'] @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased FA'] @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal fascicle']
@entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['unipolar and bipolar depression']
