UNASSIGNED: Impairment in mental flexibility may be a key component contributing to @entity73 among @entity1316 @entity1 , particularly thought control disorders. Impaired ability to switch from one thought to another might reflect difficulties in either generating new mental states, inhibiting previous states, or both. However, the neural underpinnings of @entity73 in @entity1316 remain largely unresolved. We compared a group of @entity1316 @entity1 (n  = 29) and a group of matched healthy subjects (n  =  32) on a novel task-switching paradigm involving happy and sad faces, that allowed us to separate generation of a new mental set (Switch Cost) and inhibition of the previous set during switching (Inhibition Cost), using fMRI. Behavioral data showed a larger Switch Cost in @entity1 relative to controls, but the average Inhibition Cost did not differ between groups. At the neural level, a main effect of group was found with stronger activation of the subgenual cingulate cortex in @entity1 . The larger Switch Cost in @entity1 was reflected by a stronger recruitment of brain regions involved in attention and executive control, including the left intraparietal sulcus, precuneus, @entity1002 , and right anterior cingulate. Critically, activity in the subgenual cingulate cortex was not downregulated by inhibition in @entity1 relative to controls. In conclusion, @entity1316 @entity1 have exaggerated Switch Cost relative to controls, and this deficit in @entity73 is associated with increased activation of the fronto-parietal attention networks, combined with impaired modulation of the subgenual cingulate cortex when inhibition of previous mental states is needed. Hum Brain Mapp, 2016.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Alterations in neural systems mediating XXXX and @entity1316 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cognitive flexibility', 'cognitive flexibility', 'cardinal cognitive symptoms'] @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder', 'mood disorders'] @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left inferior fontal gyrus']
@entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive flexibility']
