@entity957 (TSCC) has one of the poorest prognoses of @entity135 . This study aims to improve early detection of the disease by identifying salivary biomarkers that can identify a spectrum of @entity1 progressing from high-risk to TSCC. We also examine the mortality of exophytic and endophytic TSCC, expecting the elevated cytokine levels in endophytic @entity1 to be associated with a shorter survival. Saliva was collected from @entity1 with TSCC and controls and cytokine protein levels were measured. Specimens were collected from the Los Angeles County (LAC) + University of Southern California (USC) and USC University Hospital clinics. A convenience sample of @entity1 with TSCC was divided into endophytic (n=10) and exophytic (n=8) @entity5 by physician diagnosis. Controls were divided into 4 groups of 14 based on their high-risk smoking and drinking behaviors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The levels of @entity1192 , @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity7 and @entity310 in saliva were measured using quantitative ELISA and compared using two-way ANOVA. All five cytokines were elevated in the endophytic TSCC group compared to other groups, which correlated with the decreased survival rate (10.4 months) in this group compared to exophytic TSCC (24 months). @entity1192 , @entity650 , @entity310 and @entity7 were also elevated in the exophytic TSCC group compared to smoking-drinking controls. Salivary levels of @entity1192 , @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity7 and @entity310 can identify the progression of TSCC from high-risk to @entity5 , serving as potential biomarkers for @entity5 screening and early detection. The correlation with survival implies a prognostic benefit and could serve as a tool for management decisions and future treatment targets.

The role of salivary cytokine biomarkers in XXXX invasion and mortality.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers'] @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['IL-6'] @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'VEGF-a'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasm'] @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['TNF-a'] @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue'] @entity1192 :: ('3552', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1a'] @entity687 :: ('3576', 'Gene') :: ['IL-8']
@entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tongue cancer']
