OBJECTIVE: To examine preschoolers' attitudes, expectations, and perceptions of @entity286 and @entity167 use. DESIGN: Structured observational study. @entity1 used props and dolls to act out a social evening for adults. As part of the role play, each @entity1 selected items from a miniature grocery store stocked with 73 different products, including beer, wine, and cigarettes, for an evening with friends. SETTING: A behavioral laboratory at the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College. @entity1 : One hundred twenty @entity1 , 2 to 6 years old, participated individually in the role-playing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Whether or not a @entity1 purchased cigarettes or @entity167 at the store. RESULTS: @entity1 purchased a mean of 17 of the 73 products in the store. Thirty-four @entity1 (28.3%) bought cigarettes and 74 (61.7%) bought @entity167 . @entity1 were more likely to buy cigarettes if their parents smoked (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-12.63). @entity1 were more likely to buy beer or wine if their parents drank @entity167 at least monthly (adjusted OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.02-9.10) or if they viewed PG-13- or R-rated movies (adjusted OR, 5.10; 95% CI, 1.14-22.90). @entity1 's play behavior suggests that they are highly attentive to the use and enjoyment of @entity167 and @entity286 and have well-established expectations about how cigarettes and @entity167 fit into social settings. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that observation of adult behavior, especially parental behavior, may influence preschool @entity1 to view smoking and drinking as appropriate or normative in social situations. These perceptions may relate to behaviors adopted later in life.

Use of cigarettes and XXXX by preschoolers while role-playing as adults: "Honey, have some smokes".

@entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol'] @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'PATIENTS', 'child']
@entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']
