BACKGROUND: Angiogenic and immunoactive lesions in brain @entity2758 (BAVM) contribute to @entity548 events and the growth of BAVMs. However, the detailed mechanism is unclear. Our objective is to clarify the relationship between @entity548 events of BAVM and alternatively activated macrophages in the @entity384 ( @entity384 ). METHODS: We examined microsurgical specimens of BVMs (n   =   29) and focused on the @entity384 area. Ten autopsied brains without @entity1504 were the controls. We performed immunostaining of the inflammatory and endothelial cell markers, macrophage markers ( @entity11772 and @entity469 ), and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). We evaluated each cell's density and the vessel density in the @entity384 and analyzed the relationship to @entity548 events of BAVM. RESULTS: The @entity384 was involved in all the resected @entity2758 , and these vessels showed a high rate of CD105 expression (72.0        10.64%), indicating newly proliferating vessels. Alternatively activated macrophages were found, with a high rate (85.6%) for all macrophages (controls, 56.6%). In the @entity548 cases, the cell density was significantly higher than that in the nonhemorrhagic cases and controls ( @entity548 group, 290        44 cells/mm(2); nonhemorrhagic group, 180        59 cells/mm(2); and control, 19        8 cells/mm(2)). The cell density of alternatively activated macrophages showed a positive correlation with the vessel density of the @entity384 . Double immunostaining showed that @entity7 was secreted by alternatively activated macrophages. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that alternatively activated macrophages may have some relationships with angiogenesis of @entity384 and @entity548 event of BAVM.

Alternatively Activated Macrophages Play an Important Role in Vascular Remodeling and XXXX in Patients with Brain @entity2758 .

@entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation', 'arteriovenous malformations'] @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic'] @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF-A', 'vascular endothelial growth factor A'] @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['perinidal dilated capillary network', 'PDCN'] @entity469 :: ('968', 'Gene') :: ['CD68'] @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial disease'] @entity11772 :: ('9332', 'Gene') :: ['CD163']
@entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhaging']
