INTRODUCTION: Non-muscle invasive @entity150 (NMIBC) comprises about 70% of all newly diagnosed @entity150 , and includes @entity5 with stage Ta, T1 and @entity2735 (CIS.) Since, NMIBC @entity1 with progression to @entity11090 tend to have worse prognosis than with @entity1 with primary @entity11090 , there is a need to significantly improve risk stratification and earlier definitive treatment for high-risk NMIBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A detailed Medline search was performed to identify all publications on the topic of prognostic factors and risk predictions for superficial @entity150 /NMIBC. The manuscripts were reviewed to identify variables that could predict recurrence and progression. RESULTS: The most important prognostic factor for progression is grade of @entity5 . T category, @entity5 size, number of @entity5 , concurrent CIS, intravesical therapy, response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin at 3- or 6-month follow-up, prior recurrence rate, age, gender, lymphovascular invasion and depth of lamina propria invasion are other important clinical and pathological parameters to predict recurrence and progression in @entity1 with NMIBC. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) and the Spanish Club Urol  gicoEspa  ol de Tratamiento Oncol  gico (CUETO) risk tables are the two best-established predictive models for recurrence and progression risk calculation, although they tend to overestimate risk and have poor discrimination for prognostic outcomes in external validation. Molecular biomarkers such as Ki-67, @entity2557 and @entity876 appear to be promising in predicting recurrence and progression but need further validation prior to using them in clinical practice. CONCLUSION: EORTC and CUETO risk tables are the two best-established models to predict recurrence and progression in @entity1 with NMIBC though they tend to overestimate risk and have poor discrimination for prognostic outcomes in external validation. Future research should focus on enhancing the predictive accuracy of risk assessment tools by incorporating additional prognostic factors such as depth of lamina propria invasion and molecular biomarkers after rigorous validation in multi-institutional cohorts.

Non-muscle invasive XXXX risk stratification.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors'] @entity2557 :: ('2261', 'Gene') :: ['FGFR3'] @entity876 :: ('7157', 'Gene') :: ['p53'] @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer'] @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle-invasive disease']
@entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']
