UNASSIGNED: Biologic therapies have resulted in a sea change in the management of @entity625 ; however, a higher risk of @entity1292 , particularly @entity378 ( @entity378 ), is well recognised. This has led to the development of @entity378 screening guidelines. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of @entity9178 in @entity1 prescribed biologic therapy in an endemic area (prevalence of @entity378 50/100,000) and to assess the risk of subsequent reactivation. Retrospective case note review of all @entity1 with @entity625 ever prescribed biologic therapy between 1998 and 2014 at our centre. Two hundred ninety-nine @entity1 (109 @entity1 , 190 @entity1 ) who had ever been prescribed biologic therapy over a 16-year period were included. Mean age upon commencing the biologic therapy was 51  years. Two hundred eighteen (73  %) @entity1 were Caucasian with remaining from ethnic minorities. Two hundred thirty-nine (80  %) prescriptions were for @entity310 inhibitors. Median duration of biologic therapy was 4.2  years for those who remained on treatment prior to stopping or switching therapies. During 1998-2007, 112 @entity1 underwent clinical assessment, chest X-ray and check for BCG scar. One @entity1 of Asian origin developed extrapulmonary @entity378 within 6  weeks of adalimumab initiation. Following a year of anti- @entity378 treatment, he restarted the biologic therapy with no ill effects. One hundred eighty-seven @entity1 (who started on biologic therapy between 2008 and 2014) underwent additional interferon gamma release assays (IGRA) testing as part of a new @entity378 screening protocol (T-spot test). Eighteen (10  %) had positive test with normal chest X-rays. Six @entity1 were white, nine of Asian origin and three others. Three Caucasian @entity1 had a borderline result. All had 3  months of @entity3109 and @entity1215 with simultaneous prescription of biologic agent (13 had @entity310 antagonist, 5 rituximab and 3 tocilizumab). No cases of @entity378 were observed. Overall prevalence of @entity9178 in @entity1 with @entity625 prescribed biologic therapy in an endemic area is 10  %. The risk warrants careful screening and monitoring in all @entity1 . Adherence to strict screening protocol reduces the risk of @entity378 irrespective of the biologic therapy employed.

Biologic therapy for XXXX and @entity9178 : real world experience from a high prevalence area in the United Kingdom.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'women', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis'] @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['TNF'] @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['latent TB'] @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid'] @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin'] @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infection'] @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['active TB infection', 'TB', 'tuberculosis']
@entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['inflammatory arthritis']
