BACKGROUND: Emerging data indicate that the inflammatory response after mechanical arterial injury correlates with the severity of neointimal @entity1373 in animal models and postangioplasty @entity256 in @entity1 . The present study was designed to examine whether a nonspecific stimulation of the innate immune system, induced in close temporal proximity to the @entity1317 , would modulate the results of the procedure. Methods and Results- @entity95 subjected to iliac @entity1317 (balloon denudation with or without stent deployment) were injected twice with a bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (500 ng/ @entity95 ) before and after surgery. The dose was chosen to be sufficient to induce systemic @entity32 but not @entity326 . A systemic marker of @entity32 (serum @entity20573 levels measured by ELISA) and monocytic stimulation ( @entity32073 levels on monocytes measured by flow cytometry) were increased after LPS administration. Arterial macrophage infiltration at 7 days after injury was 1.7+/-1.2% of total cells in controls and 4.2+/-1.8% in LPS-treated @entity95 (n=4, P<0.05). Morphometric analysis of the injured arteries 4 weeks after injury revealed significantly @entity850 (38+/-4.2% versus 23+/-2.6, mean+/- SEM; n=8, P<0.05) and neointima-to-media ratio (1.26+/-0.21 versus 0.66+/- 0.09, P<0.05) in LPS-treated animals compared with controls. This effect was abolished by anti- @entity32073 Ab administration. Serum @entity20573 levels and monocyte @entity32073 expression were significantly increased in correlation with the severity of @entity1373 . LPS treatment increased neointimal area after stenting from 0.57+/-0.07 to 0.77+/- 0.1 mm(2) and stenosis from 9+/-1% to 13+/-1.7% (n=5, P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nonspecific systemic stimulation of the innate immune system concurrently with arterial @entity1317 facilitates neointimal formation, and conditions associated with increased @entity32 may increase @entity256 .

Systemic XXXX induced by lipopolysaccharide increases neointimal formation after balloon and stent injury in @entity95 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock'] @entity20573 :: ('100008990(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1beta'] @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['intimal hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia'] @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits', 'rabbit'] @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis'] @entity32073 :: ('100008983(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['CD14'] @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury', 'artery balloon injury'] @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['increased luminal stenosis']
@entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']
