BACKGROUND: @entity5 is the second most common @entity5 among @entity1 worldwide. The initiating event of such @entity5 is the @entity281 with certain types of @entity1082 ), a very common condition in the general population. However, the majority of @entity1083 is subclinical and transitory and is resolved spontaneously. Intriguingly, viral oncogene expression, although necessary, is not per se @entity5 and other factors are involved in the progression of infected cells to the full neoplastic phenotype. In this perspective it has been suggested that the redox balance and the @entity66 ( @entity66 ) may represent interesting and under-explored candidates as promoting factors in HPV-initiated @entity105 . SCOPE OF THE REVIEW: The current review discusses the possible interplay between the viral mechanisms modulating cell homeostasis and redox sensitive mechanisms. Experimental data and indirect evidences are presented on the activity of viral dependent functions on i) the regulation of enzymes and compounds involved in @entity66 ; ii) the protection from oxidation of detoxifying/antiapoptotic enzymes and redox-sensitive transcription factors; iii) the suppression of apoptosis; and iv) the modulation of host microRNAs regulating genes associated with antioxidant defense. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: The resulting tangled scenario suggests that viral hosting cells adapt their metabolisms in order to support their growth and survival in the increasingly oxidant micro-environment associated with @entity5 initiation and progression. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: HPV can modulate the host cell redox homeostasis in order to favor @entity281 and possibly @entity5 transformation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation.

Redox control of viral @entity105 : The XXXX paradigm.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'oxidative stress'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic disease', 'cancer', 'HPV tumor', 'sufficient to promote cervical cancer', 'Cervical cancer'] @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infections'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection'] @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV'] @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']
@entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']
