UNASSIGNED: @entity2931 exert important effects on the reproductive as well as many other organ systems in both @entity1 and @entity1 . The history of the discovery of @entity2931 , the mechanisms of their synthesis, and their therapeutic applications are very important components of the fabric of endocrinology. These aspects provide the rationale for highlighting several key components of this story. Two investigators, Edward Doisy and Alfred Butenandt, purified and crystalized @entity7042 nearly simultaneously in 1929, and Doisy later discovered @entity10586 and @entity53 . Butenandt won the Nobel Prize for this work and Doisy's had to await his purification of @entity2067 . Early investigators quickly recognized that @entity2931 must be synthesized from @entity3800 and later investigators called this process aromatization. The aromatase enzyme was then characterized, its mechanism determined, and its structure identified after successful crystallization. With the development of knock-out methodology, the precise effects of @entity2931 in males and females were defined and clinical @entity465 and excess described. Their discovery ultimately led to the development of @entity7280 , treatment of menopausal symptoms, therapies for @entity0 , and induction of fertility, among others. The history of the use of @entity2931 for postmenopausal @entity1 to relieve symptoms has been characterized by cyclic periods of enthusiasm and concern. The individuals involved in these studies, the innovative thinking required, and the detailed understanding made possible by evolving biologic and molecular techniques provide many lessons for current endocrinologists.

Celebrating 75 years of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'men'] @entity10586 :: ('CHEBI:27974', 'Chemical') :: ['oestriol'] @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer'] @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogens', 'oestrogen', 'Oestrogens'] @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K'] @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol'] @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['syndromes of deficiency'] @entity7042 :: ('CHEBI:17263', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrone'] @entity7280 :: ('MESH:D003276', 'Chemical') :: ['oral contraceptives'] @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']
@entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['oestradiol']
