Ten species of terrestrial plants, including 6 dicotyledonous and 4 monocotyledonous species, were exposed to a direct overspray of @entity12472 according to US Environmental Protection Agency seedling emergence and vegetative vigor study guidelines and subsequently evaluated for potential recovery. For each species, no-observed-effect rate (NOER), 10% effect rate, 25% effect rate, and 50% effect rate values were calculated (where possible) for a variety of guideline-required endpoints (but focusing on growth rate) for both the standard experimental phase and a recovery phase; and the rates subsequently were compared. For the seedling emergence study, the standard experimental (designated test 1) and recovery (designated test 2) phases encompassed days 0 to 14 and days 14 to 28, respectively. Similarly, for the vegetative vigor study, test 1 and test 2 encompassed days 0 to 21 and days 21 to 42, respectively. Plants were exposed to @entity12472 at nominal application rates ranging from 1.1   g active ingredient (a.i.)/ha (0.0010 lb a.i./A) to 28   000   g a.i./ha (25 lb a.i./A), depending on the species; the 28   000   g a.i./ha rate is greater than 12 times the maximum application rate of 2250   g a.i./ha (2 lb a.i./A) registered on @entity4336 . For seedling emergence, only 2 of 10 species tested, cabbage and @entity523 , provided clear rate responses in the initial 14 d of exposure (test 1). Based on a comparison of x% effect rate (ERx) and NOER values for growth rates of shoot length and shoot dry weight for days 0 to 14 relative to days 14 to 28, recovery was apparent for cabbage shoot length growth rate and @entity523 shoot length and shoot dry weight growth rates. Test application rates selected for the remaining 8 species showed either a weak response that did not allow a clear assessment of recovery or no response at all. For the vegetative vigor study, 9 of the 10 species tested provided clear rate responses in test 1 (days 0-21); @entity4336 did not demonstrate any herbicidal response up to the highest rate tested, 28 000   g a.i./ha. Based on comparison of day 0 to 21 (test 1) relative to day 21 to 42 (test 2) ERx and NOER values for shoot length, average growth rates indicated that 8 of 9 species clearly demonstrated an increase in 2 or more metrics (cabbage did not demonstrate a response based on shoot length). Clear recovery was also indicated by an increase in ERx and/or NOER values from test 1 to test 2 for shoot dry weight average growth rates for 7 of the 9 species ( @entity4336 did not show a response, and oat and @entity1460 showed variable responses). Thus, in most species, where initial herbicidal effects were observed, the effects are largely ameliorated over time. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1284-1296.    2015 SETAC.

Recovery of terrestrial plants in vegetative vigor and seedling emergence tests from exposure to XXXX .

@entity12472 :: ('MESH:D001280', 'Chemical') :: ['atrazine'] @entity4336 :: ('381124', 'Species') :: ['corn'] @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['tomato'] @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['soybean']
@entity12472 :: (MESH:D001280,Chemical) :: ['atrazine']
