Acute @entity2515 and subchronic @entity1767 are animal models of @entity21 often used to study @entity304 , @entity910 and @entity910 . In @entity1 , these usually irreversible and disabling @entity21 are developed by typical antipsychotic treatment, whose pathophysiology has been related to oxidative damages development. So far, there is no treatment to prevent these problems of the @entity146 clinic, and therefore further studies are needed. Here we used the animal models of @entity21 cited above, which were performed in two distinct experiments: @entity910 ( @entity910 )/ @entity8364 induced by acute @entity2515 and subchronic @entity1767 after (experiment 1) and before (experiment 2) oral treatment with pecan shell aqueous extract (AE), a natural and promissory antioxidant. When administered previously ( @entity15200 ), the AE prevented @entity910 and @entity8364 induced by both @entity2515 and @entity1767 . When @entity2515 and @entity1767 were administered before the extract ( @entity15201 ), the animals developed @entity910 and @entity8364 all the same. However, the orofacial parameter (but not @entity8364 ) in both animal models was reversed after 7 and 14 days of AE treatment. These results indicate that, acute @entity2515 and subchronic @entity1767 administrations induced similar @entity1957 , although through different mechanisms, and therefore are important animal models to study the physiopathology of @entity21 . Comparatively, the pecan shell AE was able to both prevent and reverse @entity910 but only to prevent @entity8364 . These results reinforce the role of oxidative stress and validate the two animal models used here. Our findings also favor the idea of prevention of @entity21 , rather than their reversal.

Comparative study between two animal models of XXXX : prevention and reversion by pecan nut shell aqueous extract.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans'] @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism'] @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric'] @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine'] @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial dyskinesia', 'OD', 'tardive dyskinesia', 'akinesia'] @entity15200 :: ('7514', 'Gene') :: ['exp.1'] @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor disorders'] @entity8364 :: ('MESH:D002375', 'Disease') :: ['catalepsy'] @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol'] @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal disorders'] @entity15201 :: ('1434', 'Gene') :: ['exp.2']
@entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['extrapyramidal movement disorders']
