UNASSIGNED: Objective: To investigate the effects of cigarette smoking in different manners on @entity647 in @entity35 . Methods: The commercially available cigarettes with tar of 1,5, 11 mg were smoked in Canada depth smoking (health canada method, HCM) manner, and those with tar of 11 mg were also smoked in international standard (ISO) smoking manner. @entity35 were fixed and exposed to mainstream in a manner of nose-mouth exposure. After 28 days, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from left lung were collected for counting and classification of inflammatory cells and determination of pro-inflammatory cytokines @entity3426 and @entity1505 . The right lungs were subjected to histological examination and determination of @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) and @entity224 dismutase (SOD) activities and @entity2041 , reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels. Results: In both HCM and ISO manners, the degree of @entity651 was closely related to the tar content of cigarettes, and significant decrease in the body weight of @entity35 was observed after smoking for one week. In a HCM manner, smoking with cigarette of 11 mg tar resulted in robust infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils into lungs, significant increase in @entity3426 and @entity1505 levels and @entity1589 activities, and significant decrease in @entity6172 levels and SOD activities and increase in ROS and @entity1865 levels (all P<0.05). Smoking with cigarette of 5 mg tar led to moderate increase in @entity3426 and @entity1505 levels, and @entity1589 activities (all P<0.05), and moderate decrease in @entity6172 levels and SOD activities and increase of ROS and @entity1865 levels (all P<0.05). However, smoking with cigarette of 1 mg tar affected neither @entity32 nor @entity3426 and @entity1505 levels. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking in nose-mouth exposure manner can induce @entity647 in @entity35 ; and the degree of @entity651 is closely related to the content of tar and other hazards in cigarettes.

[Cigarette smoking in different manners induces XXXX in @entity35 ].

@entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity1505 :: ('24835(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TNF-a'] @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione'] @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury'] @entity6172 :: ('D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['GSH'] @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde'] @entity3426 :: ('24494(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1b'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Rats', 'rats'] @entity1589 :: ('303413(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'myeloperoxidase'] @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide'] @entity1865 :: ('CHEBI:566274', 'Chemical') :: ['MDA'] @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']
@entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']
