BACKGROUND/AIMS: Most pesticide formulations contain both chief and additive ingredients. But, the additives may not have been tested as thoroughly as the chief ingredients. The surfactant, @entity69798 ( @entity10385 ), is an additive frequently present in pesticide formulations. We investigated the effects of @entity10385 and other constituents of a @entity13835 pesticide formulation on cell viability and on the expression of genes involved in cell damage pathways. METHODS: The effects of @entity13835 pesticide ingredients on cell viability and of @entity10385 on the mRNA expression of 80 genes involved in nine key cellular pathways were examined in the @entity1 @entity521 SK-N-SH cell line. RESULTS: The chemicals present in the @entity13835 pesticide formulation were cytotoxic to SK-N-SH cells and @entity10385 showed the greatest @entity137 . A range of gene expression changes were identified, with both up- and down-regulation of genes within the same pathway. However, all genes tested in the @entity39 signaling pathway were down-regulated and all genes tested in the cell cycle checkpoint/arrest pathway were up-regulated. The median fold-change in gene expression was significantly higher in the cell cycle checkpoint/arrest pathway than in the @entity519 pathway category (p = 0.0064). The 70 kDa @entity1457 protein 4 gene, within the @entity1457 protein/unfolded protein response category, showed the highest individual increase in expression (26.1-fold). CONCLUSIONS: @entity10385 appeared to be particularly harmful, inducing gene expression changes that indicated genotoxicity, activation of the cell death ( @entity39 signaling) pathway, and induction of the 70 kDa @entity1457 protein 4 gene.

The effects of XXXX on cell damage pathway gene expression in SK-NSH cells.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity'] @entity69798 :: ('CHEBI:63016', 'Chemical') :: ['nonyl phenoxypolyethoxylethanol'] @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis'] @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock'] @entity10385 :: ('MESH:C010615', 'Chemical') :: ['NP40'] @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxia'] @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma'] @entity13835 :: ('MESH:C003749', 'Chemical') :: ['validamycin']
@entity69798 :: (CHEBI:63016,Chemical) :: ['nonyl phenoxypolyethoxyl ethanol']
