Although a higher protein intake, particularly from vegetable sources, has been shown to be associated with higher @entity79 ( @entity79 ) the relative impact of specific @entity3534 on @entity79 and @entity170 remains to be determined. Mechanistic research suggests that a number of specific @entity3534 , including five nonessential @entity3534 - @entity3929 , @entity369 , @entity367 , @entity8959 , and @entity1521 -may play a role in bone health, principally through improved production of @entity29227 and the synthesis of collagen and muscle protein. However to date, no previous studies have examined the associations between habitual intake of @entity3534 and direct measures of @entity79 and prevalence of @entity170 or @entity2331 , and no studies have examined this relationship in discordant identical twin-pairs. In these analyses of female monozygotic twin-pairs discordant for @entity3689 intake (n   =   135), twins with higher intakes of @entity3929 and @entity8959 had significantly higher @entity79 at the spine than their co-twins with within-pair differences in spine- @entity79 of 0.012   g/cm(2) (SE 0.01; p   =   0.039) and 0.014   g/cm(2) (SE 0.01; p   =   0.026), respectively. Furthermore, in cross-sectional multivariable analyses of 3160 females aged 18 to 79 years, a higher intake of total protein was significantly associated with higher DXA-measured @entity79 at the spine (quartile Q4 to quartile Q1: 0.017   g/cm(2) , SE 0.01, p   =   0.035) and forearm (Q4 to Q1: 0.010   g/cm(2) , SE 0.003, p   =   0.002). Intake of six @entity3534 ( @entity3929 , @entity369 , @entity367 , @entity368 , @entity376 , and @entity1521 ) were associated with higher @entity79 at the spine and forearm with the strongest association observed for @entity368 (Q4 to Q1: 0.024   g/cm(2) , SE 0.01, p   =   0.007). When intakes were stratified by protein source, vegetable or animal, prevalence of @entity170 or @entity2331 was 13% to 19% lower comparing extreme quartiles of vegetable intake for five @entity3534 (not @entity367 or @entity1521 ). These data provide evidence to suggest that intake of protein and several @entity3534 , including @entity3929 and @entity8959 , may be beneficial for bone health, independent of genetic background.    2015 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

XXXX Intakes Are Associated With Bone Mineral Density and Prevalence of Low Bone Mass in Women: Evidence From Discordant Monozygotic Twins.

@entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids'] @entity8959 :: ('D005998', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine'] @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine'] @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['risk of osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis'] @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD'] @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia'] @entity3929 :: ('D000409', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine'] @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine'] @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid'] @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline'] @entity3689 :: ('D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid'] @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine'] @entity29227 :: ('3630;3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1']
@entity3689 :: (D000596,Chemical) :: ['Amino Acid']
