UNASSIGNED: One of the main neurochemical systems associated with @entity148 / @entity4697 is the serotonergic system originating from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR). Previous evidence suggests that the DR is composed of distinct subpopulations of neurons, both morphologically and functionally distinct. It seems that mainly the @entity27202 ( @entity27202 ) regulates @entity148 -related reactions, while lateral wings DR (lwDR) @entity750 ( @entity750 ) neurons inhibit @entity4697 -related responses. In this study we used the technique of deep brain stimulation (DBS) to investigate the role played by the @entity27202 and lwDR in defense. Male @entity35 were submitted to high-frequency stimulation (100 A, 100Hz) in one of the two DR regions for 1h and immediately after tested in the avoidance or escape tasks of the elevated T-maze (ETM). In clinical terms, these responses have been related to generalized @entity148 and @entity4697 , respectively. After being submitted to the ETM, animals were placed in an open field for locomotor activity assessment. An additional group of @entity35 was submitted to DBS of the @entity27202 or the lwDR and used for quantification of @entity5019 immunoreactive ( @entity5019 -ir) neurons in brain regions related to the modulation of defense. Results showed that stimulation of the @entity27202 decreased avoidance latencies, an anxiolytic-like effect. @entity27202 stimulation also led to increases in @entity5019 -ir in the medial amygdala, lateral septum and cingulate cortex. DBS applied to the lwDR increased escape latencies, a panicolytic-like effect. This data highlights the importance of raphe topography and the potential benefit of the DBS technique for the treatment of @entity148 .

Deep brain stimulation of the dorsal raphe inhibits avoidance and escape reactions and activates forebrain regions related to the modulation of @entity148 / XXXX .

@entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic', 'panic disorder'] @entity27202 :: ('MESH:C538109', 'Disease') :: ['DRD', 'dorsal region of the DR'] @entity5019 :: ('314322(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Fos', 'c-Fos'] @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety-related disorders', 'anxiety'] @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', '5-HT'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Wistar rats', 'rats']
@entity4697 :: (MESH:D016584,Disease) :: ['panic']
