UNASSIGNED: The genetic tractability of the @entity68037 (HF, @entity68037 ) provides an opportunity to investigate the mechanisms insects use to induce @entity5990 formation. Here we demonstrate that capacity using the newly sequenced HF genome by identifying the gene (vH24) that elicits effector-triggered immunity in @entity3505 (Triticum spp.) seedlings carrying HF resistance gene H24. vH24 was mapped within a 230-kb genomic fragment near the telomere of HF chromosome X1. That fragment contains only 21 putative genes. The best candidate vH24 gene in this region encodes a protein containing a secretion signal and a type-2 @entity563 / @entity1889 protein phosphatase (PP2C) domain. This gene has an H24-virulence associated insertion in its promoter that appears to silence transcription of the gene in H24-virulent larvae. Candidate vH24 is a member of a small family of genes that encode secretion signals and PP2C domains. It belongs to the fraction of genes in the HF genome previously predicted to encode effector proteins. Because PP2C proteins are not normally secreted, our results suggest that these are PP2C effectors that HF larvae inject into @entity3505 cells to redirect, or interfere, with @entity3505 signal transduction pathways.

Avirulence gene mapping in the XXXX ( @entity68037 ) reveals a protein phosphatase 2C effector gene family.

@entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['plant gall'] @entity68037 :: ('39758', 'Species') :: ['Mayetiola destructor', 'Hessian fly'] @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine'] @entity3505 :: ('4565', 'Species') :: ['wheat'] @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']
@entity68037 :: (39758,Species) :: ['Hessian fly']
