In this chapter we have reviewed the evidence for physiological @entity448 of aging and stressed that its pathophysiology involves both central and peripheral mechanisms. Early satiation in the older @entity1 appears to involve signals predominantly arising in the stomach. The increased feeling of satiety in older @entity1 is mainly related to changes in the central feeding drive, in particular a decrease in the opioid rewarding properties for fatty foods. Increased cytokines, secondary to inflammatory conditions which are common in old age, may further increase the @entity448 seen in older @entity1 . @entity1243 , the fat hormone, is an excellent indicator of fat mass in @entity1 , in whom @entity1243 concentrations correlate with the MNA. In @entity1 , @entity251 inhibits @entity1243 , and the fall in @entity251 with age results in an increase in @entity1243 concentrations. In males the MNA is not related to @entity1243 concentrations. Finally, we have examined the interrelation of two nutritional screening indices, MNA and SCALES. The two indices were well correlated and were both predictive of poor basic function. We conclude that the MNA is an excellent predictor of nutritional status. These findings suggest that @entity3147 is a major predictor of frailty or the " @entity11360 in older @entity1 . @entity308 is a major cause of poor nutritional status in older @entity1 .

XXXX of aging, @entity1243 , and the Mini Nutritional Assessment.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'persons', 'men'] @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone'] @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression'] @entity11360 :: ('MESH:D005183', 'Disease') :: ['failure to thrive" syndrome'] @entity1243 :: ('3952', 'Gene') :: ['leptin', 'Leptin'] @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia'] @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']
@entity448 :: (MESH:D000855,Disease) :: ['Anorexia']
