UNASSIGNED: Infection by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing enterohemorrhagic @entity526 (EHEC) results in severe @entity294 , @entity548 , and, occasionally, @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ). @entity1381 is associated with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, many of which are produced by macrophages in the kidneys, indicating that localized host innate immunity likely plays a role in renal pathogenesis. EHEC serotypes may express one or two classes of serologically defined but structurally and functionally-related Shiga toxins called @entity10952 and @entity23345 . Of these, @entity23345 appears to be linked to higher rates of @entity1381 than @entity10952 . To investigate a possible reason for this, we exposed @entity1 macrophage-like @entity1357 cells to @entity10952 or @entity23345 and then used the Luminex multiplex system to assess cytokine/chemokine concentrations in culture supernatant solutions. This analysis revealed that, relative to @entity10952 , @entity23345 significantly caused increased expression of @entity1261 , @entity1356 , @entity687 and @entity310 in macrophage-like @entity1357 cells. This was determined to not be due to a difference in @entity137 since both @entity10952 and @entity23345 displayed similar cytotoxic activities on macrophage-like @entity1357 cells. These observations indicate that, in vitro, @entity23345 can provoke a greater pro-inflammatory response than @entity10952 in macrophages and provides a possible partial explanation for higher rates of @entity1381 in @entity1 infected with EHEC strains expressing @entity23345 . To begin to determine a mechanism for Shiga toxin-mediated cytokine production, we exposed macrophage-like @entity1357 cells to @entity10952 or @entity23345 subunits. Luminex analysis of cytokines in cell culture supernatant solutions demonstrated that neither subunit alone induced a cytokine response in @entity1357 cells.

The Effects of Shiga Toxin 1, 2 and Their Subunits on Cytokine and Chemokine Expression by @entity1 Macrophage-Like XXXX Cells.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients'] @entity23345 :: ('2054', 'Gene') :: ['Stx2', 'Stx2 A and B'] @entity1357 :: ('2736', 'Gene') :: ['THP-1'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity'] @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['GRO, G-CSF'] @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic colitis'] @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1b'] @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['TNFa'] @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea'] @entity10952 :: ('6804', 'Gene') :: ['Stx1'] @entity687 :: ('3576', 'Gene') :: ['IL-8'] @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic-uremic syndrome', 'HUS'] @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']
@entity1357 :: (2736,Gene) :: ['THP-1']
