@entity288 are one of the most powerful drugs increasingly used in the perinatal and neonatal period. This review discusses the merits and demerits of antenatal as well as postnatal use of @entity230 . A single course of antenatal corticosteroids in @entity1 at risk of @entity3465 is highly effective in reducing @entity649 ( @entity649 ), @entity548 and neonatal mortality and also neurodevelopmental sequelae including @entity306 . However, there is less evidence to support the practice of multiple courses of @entity288 , with some animal and retrospective @entity1 studies suggesting an association with @entity16 and @entity353 as well as lung weight. Postnatal systemic corticosteroids have shown benefits in reducing @entity1030 and improving survival for @entity1 . However, besides short-term adverse effects, the follow-up studies have raised concern that they may increase the risk of @entity245 , particularly @entity306 in survivors. Systemic corticosteroids may have a role in @entity1 who had repeated and prolonged intubations and those with pressor-resistant @entity551 . Alternative strategies for prevention of @entity1030 , such as inhaled @entity230 , @entity1667 and @entity701 , may need further studies with larger sample sizes. Data from animal research have revealed that fetal glucocorticoid exposure may have a role in programming the individual to adult @entity179 . Based on the current evidence, it is recommended that @entity1 at risk of @entity3152 receive a single course of glucocorticoids. Randomised controlled trials are needed to establish the true effects of multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids. More research is also needed to study the long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of both multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids, as well as postnatal corticosteroid therapy.

The use and abuse of XXXX in perinatal medicine.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'infants'] @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone'] @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery'] @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in birth weight'] @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular haemorrhage'] @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature delivery'] @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome', 'RDS'] @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment'] @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disability'] @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy'] @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative diseases'] @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone'] @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease'] @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids'] @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension'] @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids', 'Corticosteroids']
@entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']
