@entity68 accumulation is a potential pathogenic event often seen in @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) @entity1 . In this study, we focused on the relationship between @entity1020 pathology and concentrations of ferrous ion, which is a highly reactive @entity26 generator in biological systems. @entity19 cone-cells-derived 661W cells were exposed to white florescence light at 2500 lx for 1, 3, 6, or 12  h. Levels of ferrous ions, reactive @entity26 species (ROS), and @entity3787 radicals were detected by RhoNox-1, a novel fluorescent probe for the selective detection of ferrous ion, 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, @entity598 (CM-H2DCFDA), and 3'-p-(aminophenyl) fluorescein, respectively. Reduced @entity2041 , total @entity68 levels and photoreceptor cell death were also measured. Two genes related to @entity68 metabolism, @entity8282 ( @entity8282 ) and H ferritin (HFt), were quantified by RT-PCR. The effects of ferrous ion on cell death and @entity3787 radical production were determined by treatment with a ferrous ion chelating agent, @entity47619 . We found that the ferrous ion level decreased with light exposure in the short time frame, whereas it was upregulated during a 6-h light exposure. Total @entity68 , ROS, cell death rate, and expression of @entity8282 and HFt genes were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner in 661W cells exposed to light. Chelation with @entity47619 reduced the level of @entity3787 radicals and protected against light-induced cell death. These results suggest that light exposure decreases ferrous ion levels and enhances @entity68 uptake in photoreceptor cells. Ferrous ion may be involved in light-induced photoreceptor cell death through production of @entity3787 radicals.

XXXX radicals cause fluctuation in intracellular ferrous ion levels upon light exposure during photoreceptor cell death.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['Murine'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl ester'] @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione'] @entity8282 :: ('7037', 'Gene') :: ['TfR', 'transferrin receptor 1', 'TfR1'] @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl'] @entity47619 :: ('MESH:D015082', 'Chemical') :: ["2,2'-bipyridyl"] @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration'] @entity68 :: ('MESH:D007501', 'Chemical') :: ['iron', 'Iron']
@entity3787 :: (MESH:D017665,Chemical) :: ['Hydroxyl']
