Background:Several probiotic strains have been shown to enhance @entity1 resistance to @entity166 . It is speculated that these strains may impose this effect by excretion of anti-microbial components, by competing with pathogens for intestinal nutrients and/or mucosal adhesion sites or modulating the immune system.Objective:A parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled 4-week intervention was performed in healthy males, to study the effect of a blend of probiotic bacteria ( @entity11070 Rosell-52, @entity10263 Rosell-11, @entity13854 ssp. longum Rosell-175) and a probiotic @entity375 ( @entity375 boulardii CNCM I-1079) on enterotoxigenic @entity526 (ETEC) challenge. Primary outcomes studied were fecal @entity21488 per day.Subjects/Methods:Subjects were randomized to the probiotic (5 * 10(9) colony-forming units (CFUs); twice daily; n=30) or placebo group (twice daily; n=30). After 2 weeks, subjects were orally challenged with a live attenuated ETEC (3 * 10(9) CFU), previously demonstrated to induce mild, short-lived symptoms of a @entity281 . Before and after ETEC challenge, subjects collected 24   h fecal samples. Compliance to study guidelines, stool consistency (Bristol Stool Score), stool frequency, and frequency and severity of @entity344 were recorded by the subjects on a Daily Record Questionnaire.Results:ETEC challenge induced a significant increase in fecal ETEC excretion in both groups. However, a statistically significant increase in fecal output was only observed in the probiotic group. ETEC challenge resulted in a decrease in the percentage of fecal dry weight, and an increase in reported Bristol Stool Score, stool frequency and @entity344 . Dietary probiotics significantly decreased the percentage of fecal dry weight. In addition, ETEC increased @entity1851 , total secretory Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and Immunoglobulin G Colonization Factor Antigen II.Conclusion:Dietary probiotics did not increase resistance to oral attenuated ETEC challenge in @entity1 subjects.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 5 November 2014; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.238.

The effect of a multi-strain probiotic on the resistance toward XXXX challenge in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind intervention study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity11070 :: ('1587', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus helveticus'] @entity21488 :: ('MESH:D004927', 'Disease') :: ['ETEC excretion and total fecal output'] @entity10263 :: ('47715', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus rhamnosus'] @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI complaints', 'gastrointestinal (GI) complaints'] @entity13854 :: ('216816', 'Species') :: ['Bifidobacterium longum'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['foodborne infection'] @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae var'] @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease'] @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli'] @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']
@entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']
