BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral adherence is worse in @entity1 than in @entity1 , and @entity308 can influence medication adherence. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship of gender, @entity308 , medical care, and mental health care to adherence in @entity645 -infected drug users. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: New York State Medicaid program. @entity1 : One thousand eight hundred twenty-seven female and 3,246 male drug users on combination antiretroviral therapy for more than 2 months in 1997. MAIN MEASURES: A pharmacy-based measure of adherence was defined as > or =95% days covered by at least 2 prescribed antiretroviral drugs. Independent variables were: @entity308 , regular drug treatment (> or =6 months), regular medical care (2+ and >35% of visits), @entity645 -focused care (2+ visits), @entity146 care (2+ visits), and antidepressant therapy. RESULTS: @entity1 were less adherent than @entity1 (18% vs 25%, respectively,P <.001) and more likely to be diagnosed with @entity308 (34% vs 29%). In @entity1 with @entity308 , the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for adherence was greater for those with @entity146 care alone (AOR 1.52; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.03 to 2.26) or combined with antidepressants (AOR 1.49; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.15). In separate models by gender in @entity1 with @entity308 , @entity146 care plus antidepressants had a slightly stronger association with adherence in @entity1 (AOR 1.92; 95% CI, 1.00 to 3.68) than @entity1 (AOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.98). In drug users without @entity308 , antidepressants alone were associated with greater adherence (AOR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.49) with no difference by gender. Regular drug treatment was positively associated with adherence only in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this drug-using cohort, @entity1 had worse pharmacy-measured antiretroviral adherence than @entity1 . Mental health care was significantly associated with adherence in @entity1 , while regular drug treatment was positively associated with adherence in @entity1 .

Relationship of gender, @entity308 , and health care delivery with antiretroviral adherence in XXXX -infected drug users.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons', 'men'] @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression'] @entity645 :: ('57667', 'Species') :: ['HIV'] @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']
@entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']
