OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a minimally invasive/endoscopic approach to @entity976 ( @entity976 ) given that the surgical aim was a complete excision of the @entity5 as a single stage procedure. The endoscope can be used with both a subfrontal and a transsphenoidal approach. METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of 36 operative @entity1 who were seen by one surgeon. All @entity1 had attempted complete excision. RESULTS: @entity1 were divided into three groups according to their preoperative status. Those in group 1 had no previous treatment and fared well, although all developed postoperative @entity2010 . Those in group 2 had previous surgery only and also did well with repeat surgery. Those in group 3 had been treated previously with surgery and radiotherapy and, apart from a single exception, did poorly. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic, minimally invasive approach is versatile and effective in the surgical management of both first-time and repeat cases of CPG. It offers superior visualization of surrounding @entity531 and allows a more complete resection of @entity5 . It can be used for a cranial or a nasal approach to these @entity5 . Sadly, it failed to prevent @entity86 .

Application of endoscopy to the surgical management of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors'] @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative endocrinopathy'] @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas', 'CPGs'] @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular structures'] @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']
@entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['craniopharyngiomas']
