IMPORTANCE: Higher intake of whole grains has been associated with a lower risk of major @entity102 , such as @entity6 and @entity65 ( @entity65 ), although limited prospective evidence exists regarding whole grains' association with mortality. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between dietary whole grain consumption and risk of mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : We investigated 74   341 @entity1 from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2010) and 43   744 @entity1 from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2010), 2 large prospective cohort studies. All @entity1 were free of @entity65 and @entity5 at baseline. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Hazard ratios (HRs) for total mortality and mortality due to @entity65 and @entity5 according to quintiles of whole grain consumption, which was updated every 2 or 4 years by using validated food frequency questionnaires. RESULTS: We documented 26   920 deaths during 2   727   006 @entity1 -years of follow-up. After multivariate adjustment for potential confounders, including age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and modified Alternate Healthy Eating Index score, higher whole grain intake was associated with lower total and @entity65 mortality but not @entity5 mortality: the pooled HRs for quintiles 1 through 5, respectively, of whole grain intake were 1 (reference), 0.99 (95% CI, 0.95-1.02), 0.98 (95% CI, 0.95-1.02), 0.97 (95% CI, 0.93-1.01), and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88-0.95) for total mortality (P fortrend   <   .001); 1 (reference), 0.94 (95% CI, 0.88-1.01), 0.94 (95% CI, 0.87-1.01), 0.87 (95% CI, 0.80-0.94), and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78-0.92) for @entity65 mortality (P fortrend   <   .001); and 1 (reference), 1.02 (95% CI, 0.96-1.08), 1.05 (95% CI, 0.99-1.12), 1.04 (95% CI, 0.98-1.11), and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.91-1.04) for @entity5 mortality (P fortrend   =   .43). We further estimated that every serving (28 g/d) of whole grain consumption was associated with a 5% (95% CI, 2%-7%) lower total morality or a 9% (95% CI, 4%-13%) lower @entity65 mortality, whereas the same intake level was nonsignificantly associated with lower @entity5 mortality (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.94-1.02). Similar inverse associations were observed between bran intake and @entity65 mortality, with a pooled HR of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.73-0.87; P fortrend  <  .001), whereas germ intake was not associated with @entity65 mortality after adjustment for bran intake. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These data indicate that higher whole grain consumption is associated with lower total and @entity65 mortality in US @entity1 and @entity1 , independent of other dietary and lifestyle factors. These results are in line with recommendations that promote increased whole grain consumption to facilitate disease prevention.

Association between dietary whole grain intake and risk of mortality: two large prospective studies in US XXXX and @entity1 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer'] @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']
