BACKGROUND: High-fat and high- @entity1735 diets lead to insulin resistance, @entity344 , and high plasma @entity1674 concentrations. It is unclear, however, how rapidly these changes occur. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the effects of both high-fat and high- @entity1735 evening meals on parameters of insulin resistance, @entity2298 , and gastrointestinal hormones. DESIGN: Twelve healthy @entity1 were studied on 4 separate occasions. On 2 occasions, the subjects received a high-fat evening meal (62% of energy from fat) and on the other 2 occasions the subjects received a low-fat evening meal (16% of energy from fat). The morning after each meal the subjects were administered either an oral-fat-tolerance test or an oral- @entity413 -tolerance test. Plasma samples were analyzed for @entity413 , insulin, @entity1718 , @entity4322 , @entity1674 , @entity3770 , @entity1942 , and @entity8586 . Postchallenge data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance with interaction and fasting concentrations analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: Fasting plasma concentrations of @entity1674 were significantly elevated 12 h after each evening meal, but @entity844 and @entity4322 concentrations were reduced. No effects on @entity413 or insulin concentrations were detected. The high-fat evening meals elevated plasma @entity8586 concentrations, reduced fasting concentrations of @entity3770 , and had no significant effect on @entity1942 concentrations. The ratio of fat to @entity1735 in the evening meal produced significant effects on plasma @entity1674 and @entity1718 during both the oral-fat-tolerance and oral- @entity413 -tolerance tests. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that the effects of high-fat and high- @entity1735 evening meals persist at least overnight and suggests that knowledge of recent dietary history is essential to the effective design of metabolic studies.

Extended effects of evening meal XXXX -to-fat ratio on fasting and postprandial substrate metabolism.

@entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men'] @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid'] @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol'] @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal adaptation'] @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate'] @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxybutyrate'] @entity3770 :: ('5539', 'Gene') :: ['pancreatic polypeptide'] @entity1942 :: ('5697', 'Gene') :: ['peptide YY'] @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin'] @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']
@entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']
