BACKGROUND: @entity15626 ( @entity9104 ), a disease-modifying therapy for @entity15 ( @entity15 ), causes @entity2905 in a fraction of @entity1 . The clinical significance of this is unknown. Several cases of progressive multifocal @entity62 in lymphopenic @entity8516 -treated @entity1 have raised concerns about drug safety. Since lymphocytes contribute to @entity15 pathology, @entity2905 may also be a biomarker for response to the drug. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this manuscript is to evaluate risk factors for @entity9104 -induced @entity2905 and drug failure in a real-world population of @entity15 @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 221 @entity1 prescribed @entity9104 at a single academic medical center between March 2013 and February 2015. RESULTS: Grade 2-3 @entity2905 developed in 17% of the total cohort and did not resolve during @entity9104 treatment. Older age (>55), lower baseline absolute lymphocyte count and recent natalizumab exposure increased the risk of developing moderate to severe @entity2905 while on @entity9104 . @entity2905 was not predictive of good clinical response or of breakthrough @entity15 activity on @entity9104 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2905 develops in a significant minority of @entity9104 -treated @entity1 , and if grade 2 or worse, is unlikely to resolve while on the drug. Increased vigilance in lymphocyte monitoring and infection awareness is particularly warranted in older @entity1 and those switching from natalizumab.

XXXX -associated @entity2905 : Risk factors and clinical significance.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity8516 :: ('CHEBI:29806', 'Chemical') :: ['fumarate'] @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphopenia', 'lymphopenia'] @entity9104 :: ('CHEBI:17741', 'Chemical') :: ['DMF'] @entity15626 :: ('MESH:C056020', 'Chemical') :: ['Dimethyl fumarate'] @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy'] @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']
@entity15626 :: (MESH:C056020,Chemical) :: ['Dimethyl fumarate']
