OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of cystoscopy on urine cytology and additional @entity2225 ( @entity2225 ) staining in @entity1 presenting with gross @entity811 . @entity1 AND METHODS: For 83 @entity1 presenting with gross @entity811 , spontaneous and instrumented paired urine samples were analyzed. Three @entity1 were excluded. Spontaneous samples were collected within 1  hour before cystoscopy, and the instrumented samples were tapped through the cystoscope. Subsequently, @entity1 underwent cystoscopic evaluation and imaging of the urinary tract. If @entity5 suspicious lesions were found on cystoscopy or imaging, subjects underwent transurethral resection or ureterorenoscopy. Two blinded uropathological reviewers (DB, KK) evaluated 160 urine samples. Reference standards were results of cystoscopy, imaging, or histopathology. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 (46.3%) underwent transurethral resection or ureterorenoscopy procedures. In 30 @entity1 (37.5%) @entity5 presence was confirmed by histopathology. The specificity of urine analysis was significantly higher for spontaneous samples than instrumented samples for both cytology alone (94% vs 72%, P  = .01) and for cytology combined with @entity2225 analysis (98% vs 84%, P  = .02). The difference in sensitivity between spontaneous and instrumented samples was not significant for both cytology alone (40% vs 53%) and combined with @entity2225 analysis (67% vs 67%). The addition of @entity2225 analysis to cytology significantly increases test sensitivity in spontaneous urine cytology (67% vs 40%, P  = .03). CONCLUSION: Instrumentation significantly decreases specificity of urine cytology. This may lead to unnecessary diagnostic procedures. Additional @entity2225 staining in spontaneous urine cytology significantly increases sensitivity but did not improve the already high specificity. We suggest performing urine cytology and @entity2225 analysis on spontaneously voided urine.

The Effects of Instrumentation on Urine Cytology and XXXX Analysis for the Detection of Bladder @entity5 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS'] @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria'] @entity2225 :: ('54474', 'Gene') :: ['CK-20', 'cytokeratin-20'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor']
@entity2225 :: (54474,Gene) :: ['CK-20']
