BACKGROUND: In @entity296 several factors influence dyspnoea. @entity1 with @entity712 may demonstrate @entity73 pattern, ventilatory drive and respiratory muscle strength, as well as reduction of ventilatory efficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether @entity296 is accompanied by changes in breathing pattern, @entity425 and ventilatory neural drive. METHODS: We investigated 47 @entity1 (36 @entity1 , mean age = 47.8 +/- 11.2 years) with @entity712 due to @entity296 , and 30 healthy subjects (10 @entity1 , mean age = 35.4 +/- 11.7 years) served as controls. @entity1 and controls underwent evaluation of left ventricular ejection fraction by 2D echocardiography, spirometry, body plethysmography, mouth occlusion pressure and respiratory muscle strength, as well as by submaximal treadmill exercise testing with gas exchange measurements. The @entity1 ' results were compared to controls and predicted standard normal values, and evaluated for differences according to the degree of @entity73 . RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity296 demonstrated a slight reduction in lung volumes (15% of the @entity1 with obstructive and 15% with restrictive lung function pattern) and diffusion capacity (20.4 +/- 6.8 vs 15.4 +/- 6.7 ml. @entity1009 .kPa-1; P < 0.01). In neural drive, as assessed by mouth occlusion pressure, there was no significant difference between @entity1 and controls. There was a slight but significant reduction in respiratory muscle strength, as assessed by measuring maximal inspiratory pressure in @entity1 with @entity296 (6.7 +/- 2.4 kPa vs 8.6 +/- 3.5 kPa; P < 0.01). The observed changes were more pronounced in the severe @entity712 @entity1 (with a reduction in ventilatory efficiency) whereas no relationship among indices of cardiac or respiratory function was found. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity712 due to @entity296 develop @entity425 without changes in neural ventilatory drive, and slight changes in breathing pattern related to the severity of the disease.

Respiratory XXXX and normal ventilatory drive in @entity296 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men'] @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure'] @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['dilative cardiomyopathy'] @entity1009 :: ('966', 'Gene') :: ['min-1'] @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of breathing', 'severity of functional impairment'] @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory muscle weakness']
@entity425 :: (MESH:D018908,Disease) :: ['muscle weakness']
