The transcription factor family @entity37724 ( @entity37724 ) is involved in @entity32 via the regulation of the gene expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteins. PAF and endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, @entity558 ) are known agents causing intestinal @entity32 and injury. In this study, we examined the binding activity of @entity37724 isoforms in @entity35 small intestine in response to PAF (1.5 microg kg(-1), i.v.) or @entity558 (5 mg kg(-1), i.v.). We found that @entity37724 is constitutively active in normal small intestine, mainly as @entity16596 and beta ( @entity16597 >alpha). Both @entity16596 and beta are localized in the intestinal epithelial cells: @entity16596 mainly in the crypts, and @entity16597 in both villi and crypts, as well as in some lamina propria cells. Only minute amounts of @entity37604 were found. PAF rapidly upregulates the binding activity of @entity16596 and beta within 30 min. The increase in @entity16596 is prominent in the crypt cells, whereas the change of @entity16597 is more widespread. @entity558 also increases the binding activity of @entity16596 and beta, and the response is slower than PAF. PAF synergizes with @entity558 to markedly activate all three subunits. The increase in @entity16596 is transient, whereas the other two have a sustained elevation until 120 min. After challenge with PAF (but not @entity558 ), small amounts of nuclear factor -kappaB (NF-kappaB) p50 and @entity12149 subunits are found in the @entity37724 -DNA binding complex, indicating cross-dimerization of the two transcription families. Pretreatment of @entity35 with @entity13373 ( @entity14568 ) suppresses @entity558 -, but not PAF-, induced NF-kappaB and @entity37724 binding activity, and significantly increases the @entity37604 subunit in @entity558 - or @entity5567 -induced @entity37724 complex. These results suggest that PAF and @entity558 activate intestinal @entity37724 in vivo, probably via different pathways.

Platelet-activating factor and endotoxin activate CCAAT/enhancer binding protein in XXXX small intestine.

@entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['LPS'] @entity12149 :: ('25716(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['p65'] @entity16596 :: ('24252(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['C/EBP-alpha'] @entity16597 :: ('24253(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['C/EBP-beta'] @entity37604 :: ('25695(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['C/EBP-delta'] @entity14568 :: ('MESH:C066229', 'Chemical') :: ['PDTC'] @entity13373 :: ('MESH:C020972', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate'] @entity37724 :: ('25301(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['C/EBP', 'CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'rats'] @entity5567 :: ('CHEBI:52450', 'Chemical') :: ['PAF']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']
