Acute @entity788 is one of the most common @entity344 worldwide. It requires acute hospitalization, with a reported annual incidence of 13 to 45 cases per 100,000 @entity1 . In severe cases there is persistent organ failure and a mortality rate of 15% to 30%, whereas mortality of mild @entity788 is only 0% to 1%. Treatment principles of @entity788 and the role of surgery are still controversial. Despite surgery being effective for @entity39 , it carries the risk of long-term @entity4903 and a morbidity and mortality rate of between 10% to 40%. Considering high morbidity and mortality rates of operative necrosectomy, minimally invasive strategies are being explored by gastrointestinal surgeons, radiologists, and gastroenterologists. Since 1999, several other minimally invasive surgical, endoscopic, and radiologic approaches to drain and debride pancreatic @entity39 have been described. In @entity1 who do not improve after technically adequate drainage, necrosectomy should be performed. When minimal invasive management is unsuccessful or @entity39 has spread to locations not accessible by endoscopy, open abdominal surgery is recommended. Additionally, surgery is recognized as a major determinant of outcomes for acute @entity788 , and there is general agreement that @entity1 should undergo surgery in the late phase of the disease. It is important to consider multidisciplinary management, considering the clinical situation and the comorbidity of the @entity1 , as well as the surgeons experience.

Surgical and interventional management of complications caused by acute XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons'] @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'necrotizing pancreatitis'] @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'infected pancreatic necrosis'] @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders'] @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine and exocrine deficiency']
@entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']
