Glucocorticoids (GC) play an important role in the treatment of inflammatory diseases like @entity565 . However, in selected @entity1 a relative resistance to GC has been reported. Recently, it has been suggested that GC sensitivity of peripheral blood leucocytes may be regulated in a dynamic fashion during exercise, in association with activation of the @entity2339 . The aim of the present study was to explore changes in the GC sensitivity of cytokine production by leucocytes following strenuous exercise by well trained oarsmen. These changes were studied using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced and anti- @entity3138 /anti- @entity1361 MoAb-stimulated cytokine release in whole blood and its modulation by @entity619 . Following exercise, significant decreases in LPS-induced release of @entity650 , @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) and @entity688 and anti- @entity3138 /anti- @entity1361 MoAb-stimulated secretion of @entity379 ( @entity379 ) were observed. In addition, the inhibitory effect of @entity619 on both @entity650 and @entity310 secretion was significantly reduced following exercise, whereas that on @entity688 and @entity379 release was not affected. These exercise-induced changes were accompanied by activation of the @entity2339 , as indicated by an increase in circulating @entity4545 (ACTH) levels immediately following exercise. The results from the present study suggest that GC sensitivity of whole blood cytokine release can be regulated in a dynamic fashion and that this can be assessed using an ex vivo stimulation assay. Moreover, since @entity619 responsiveness of anti- @entity3138 /anti- @entity1361 MoAb-induced @entity379 secretion in whole blood is not affected by exercise, it may suggest that exercise differentially affects monocytes and lymphocytes. The dynamic regulation of @entity134 responsiveness of leucocytes, as observed in the present study, could have important consequences for the effectiveness of GC treatment in inflammatory diseases.

Cytokine release and its modulation by XXXX in whole blood following exercise.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['IL-6'] @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone'] @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour'] @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma'] @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['TNF-alpha'] @entity3138 :: ('914', 'Gene') :: ['CD2'] @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone'] @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid'] @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis'] @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma'] @entity688 :: ('3586', 'Gene') :: ['IL-10'] @entity1361 :: ('940', 'Gene') :: ['CD28']
@entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']
