@entity1695 ( @entity1695 ) is one of the most common problems confronting the urologist. Although large amounts of animal and clinical research have been done, the pathophysiologic mechanisms accompanying @entity1695 are not fully elucidated. Most of our knowledge on @entity1695 has been derived from experimental studies in a variety of animal models. Both antenatal and postnatal @entity1695 models have been developed mainly by ligation of the ureter or by burying the ureter into the psoas muscle. Most experimental studies have focused on short-term complete @entity1695 . The long-term effects of partial @entity1695 have been less intensively studied. It is now clear that obstructive @entity8 is not a simple result of mechanical impairment to urine flow but a complex syndrome resulting in alterations of both glomerular hemodynamics and tubular function caused by the interaction of a variety of vasoactive factors and cytokines that are activated in response to @entity1695 . Leukocyte infiltration appears to play an important role in obstructive @entity8 suggesting that @entity1695 also has an immunological component. Growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I may all play a role in the development and progression of fibrotic and sclerotic changes in the obstructed kidney. At present, the selection of @entity1 with congenital @entity3041 for operative treatment is controversial. Studies in animals and @entity1 have shown that partial unilateral @entity1695 does not always cause a loss of renal function or progression in urinary tract dilation during long-term follow-up. The implications of @entity1695 continue to raise many questions and further work is necessary to achieve a better understanding of the pathogenesis in obstructive @entity8 .

XXXX : an update of the experimental research.

@entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['Ureteral obstruction', 'UO', 'ureteral obstruction'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy'] @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']
@entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Obstructive nephropathy']
