BACKGROUND: @entity4327 is a collection of pus in the pleural space. @entity3509 is a rare complication of @entity3509 , characterized by the dissection of pus through the soft tissues of the chest wall and eventually through the skin. We present nine cases of @entity3509 , including etiology, duration, and characteristics of clinical history, kind of surgery used, and treatment choices. METHODS: In a 4-year period nine @entity1 were treated for @entity3509 . Six were male and 3 female with an age range of 13-89 years (median=40 years). RESULTS: @entity3509 was treated with drainage and antibiotherapy or antituberculosis therapy in three @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity378 or nonspecific @entity5641 . Decortication of the thoracic cavity was used in three @entity1 successfully. Others were treated with open drainage. Final diagnoses were @entity9130 in five @entity1 , chronic @entity5641 in three, and @entity957 in one. Except for two @entity1 , one with multisystem failure and one with @entity957 , all were discharged with no complications. CONCLUSION: Surgery plays a critical role in the management of @entity3509 in selected @entity1 . Tube drainage, open drainage, and decortication are the choices in variable conditions for obliterating the cavity and regenerating pulmonary function.

Approach to XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity9130 :: ('MESH:D004654', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous empyema'] @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma'] @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['Empyema necessitatis', 'empyema', 'empyema necessitatis'] @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis', 'fibrinous pleuritis'] @entity4327 :: ('MESH:D016724', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic empyema'] @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']
@entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['empyema necessitatis']
