In clinical practice, using the lowest doses of drugs for anesthesia or @entity1337 is the main goal. Opioid combinations with local anesthetics can be preferable for achieving adequate anesthesia or @entity1337 . The primary purpose of this study was to examine possible thermal antinociceptive effects of the opioid - @entity3575 and the @entity6346 local anesthetics @entity1343 and @entity3303 when locally administered alone or in combination. The paw withdrawal latencies to noxious thermal stimuli in @entity35 were measured to assess the antinociceptive actions of drugs after subcutaneous intraplantar injection into the hind paw. All drugs examined in this study produced dose- and time-dependent increases in the paw withdrawal latencies. @entity3575 is approximately 125 and 500 times more potent than @entity1343 and @entity3303 , respectively. At the same dose, the antinociceptive potency of @entity1343 was 3.6-fold higher than that of @entity3303 . Co-injection of the lowest doses of @entity1343 and @entity3303 dramatically increased the paw withdrawal latency. However, in the presence of @entity3575 , the effects of @entity1343 and @entity3303 were different. Although co-injection of @entity1343 with @entity3575 both enhanced and prolonged antinociceptive action, the @entity3303 - @entity3575 combination did not significantly change the paw withdrawal latency. These results suggest that intraplantar co-administration of @entity3575 with @entity1343 , but not @entity3303 , may provide more effective antinociception without increasing the dose requirements.

Modification of local anesthetic-induced antinociception by @entity3575 in XXXX .

@entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia'] @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine'] @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats'] @entity6346 :: ('CHEBI:32988', 'Chemical') :: ['amide'] @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']
