BACKGROUND: The global burden of @entity1118 and disability could be related to unmet surgical needs. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to characterise existing data regarding the prevalence and associations of chronic pain in @entity258 ; this is essential to allow better assessment of its relationship to pre-operative and post-operative @entity158 as emergency and essential surgical services are expanded. METHODS: According to PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, PsycInfo, and Cochrane registries for articles published before Dec 31, 2013, using the search terms " @entity158 AND (chronic OR persistent) AND (low income countries OR middle income countries OR LMIC OR Africa OR Asia OR Central America OR South America) AND (incidence OR prevalence)." We excluded paediatric populations (aged younger than 18 years) and those with acute @entity158 or @entity158 associated with known @entity130 , surgery, infection, or medical disorders. FINDINGS: We identified 122 publications in 28 @entity258 for systematic review; 79 surveys from general adult populations, elderly general populations, or workers. The prevalence of any type of @entity1118 was 33% (95% CI 26-40) in the general adult population, 56% (36-75) in the general elderly population, and 35% (4-88) in workers; @entity615 was 18% (14-24), 31% (22-41), and 44% (33-55), respectively; @entity10 39% (27-53), 49% (37-60), and 52% (16-86), respectively; chronic @entity2794 5% (3-7), not available, and 12% (8-19), respectively; @entity4512 26% (19-33), 39% (23-57), and 86% (56-93), respectively; joint @entity158 14% (11-18), 42% (26-60), and not available, respectively; and @entity158 14% (9-22), 22% (9-46), and not available, respectively. Due to limited data, meta-analysis could only be done in single populations for some conditions. For general adult populations, chronic @entity2704 was 10% (5-20); chronic @entity2701 was 4% (2-9); chronic @entity2371 or @entity1069 was 11% (8-17); and @entity239 was 4% (3-7). In elderly general populations, prevalence of @entity2956 was 7% (1-31) and @entity490 was 6% (1-28). Heterogeneity in prevalence was largely secondary to variable definitions of @entity158 chronicity. Associations were not readily amenable to meta-analysis; yet of the 122 publications, @entity158 was described in association with disability in 50, female sex in 40, older age in 34, @entity308 in 36, @entity148 in 19, and multiple somatic complaints in 13. INTERPRETATION: The prevalence of pain in @entity258 is consistent with Global Burden of Disease data, with higher rates in the elderly general population and workers than in the general adult population. 28% of the @entity66 that could be averted by surgery and safe anaesthesia might also be related to the @entity1118 burden. @entity130 , @entity5 , birth complications, @entity154 , and other @entity66 potentially lead to @entity1118 if not treated or if treated inadequately. This meta-analysis shows the range of chronic pain in @entity258 , but has fallen short of revealing clear causes for the @entity158 . The demonstration of the prevalence of @entity1118 is essential as the era of global surgery begins, to allow benchmarking of this prevalence in the future as emergency and essential surgery services are expanded in @entity258 . FUNDING: None.

Prevalence of chronic pain in XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

@entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain'] @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects'] @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia'] @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatitis'] @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression'] @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorder'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['global burden of disease', 'surgical diseases'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer'] @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain'] @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lower back pain'] @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine'] @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety'] @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['daily headache'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['widespread pain', 'pain'] @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain'] @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension-type headache'] @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache'] @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-income and middle-income countries'] @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']
@entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['low-income and middle-income countries']
