Few disorders may manifest with predominantly sleep-related obstructive @entity1353 . @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is a common disorder, varies in severity and is associated with significant @entity65 . It is estimated that between 8 and 18 million @entity1 in the United States have at least mild @entity27 . Although the exact mechanism of @entity27 is not well-delineated, multiple factors contribute to the development of @entity1224 and include anatomic, mechanical, neurologic, and inflammatory changes in the pharynx. @entity27 may occur concomitantly with @entity565 . Approximately 74% of @entity748 experience nocturnal symptoms of airflow obstruction secondary to reactive airways disease. Similar cytokine, chemokine, and histologic changes are seen in both disorders. Sleep deprivation, chronic upper @entity4 , and @entity32 associated with @entity27 may further exacerbate @entity1109 . @entity2023 may contribute to both @entity27 and @entity565 . Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard treatment for @entity27 . Treatment with CPAP therapy has also been shown to improve both daytime and nighttime peak expiratory flow rates in @entity1 with concomitant @entity27 and @entity565 . It is important for allergists to be aware of how @entity27 may complicate diagnosis and treatment of @entity565 and @entity2023 . A thorough sleep history and high clinical suspicion for @entity27 is indicated, particularly in @entity565 @entity1 who are refractory to standard medication treatments.

Severe upper XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people'] @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis'] @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing'] @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma'] @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['airway edema'] @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal asthma symptoms'] @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and neurocognitive morbidity'] @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['upper airway obstruction']
@entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['airway obstruction during sleep']
