BACKGROUND: Intranasal drug abuse has long been recognized as an etiology of sinonasal pathology. However, the intranasal use of prescription and nonprescription drugs has surpassed the use of illicit drugs, and the pattern of presentation and required therapeutic intervention appears to be different. We report on our experience with these @entity1 , along with a successful treatment algorithm for this disease process. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 9 consecutive @entity1 who presented with rhinopharyngitis and a history of intranasal opioid and/or @entity1443 abuse, from 2007 to 2010, at a tertiary referral center. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 were found to have abused intranasal @entity1287 / @entity1443 , @entity1288 /aceta-minophen, or @entity1443 and were diagnosed with rhinopharyngitis. Sinonasal @entity158 and odynophagia were the most common chief complaints and 8 of 9 @entity1 reported previous antibiotic failures. On endoscopy, all @entity1 exhibited a thick, white, exudative process involving the nasal septum and lateral nasal mucosa. Five of 9 exhibited large septal perforations. Seven of 9 exhibited white, exudative @entity7551 . Seven of 9 @entity1 had identifiable fungal organisms on culture, including 5 with species of Candida and 3 with Aspergillus. Two @entity1 grew @entity794 . Five @entity1 were compliant with follow up. All 5 showed significant improvement in symptoms and examination, following treatment with oral and topical antifungal therapy and nasal irrigations. CONCLUSION: Intranasal opioid and @entity1443 abuse is often associated with the development of @entity364 . Recognizing that this process is primarily fungal in origin is paramount to successful treatment, as most @entity1 respond well to antifungal therapy when compliant with treatment.

Intranasal drug-induced XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone'] @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis'] @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus'] @entity1287 :: ('MESH:D006853', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocodone'] @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal rhinopharyngitis'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain'] @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']
@entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal rhinopharyngitis']
