BACKGROUND: Large comparative studies that have evaluated long-term functional outcome of operatively treated @entity1171 are lacking. This study was performed to analyse the influence of several combinations of @entity174 on long-term functional outcome and development of @entity571 . METHODS: Retrospective cohort-study on operated (1995-2007) @entity174 . Results were assessed with use of the AAOS- and AOFAS-questionnaires, VAS- @entity158 score, dorsiflexion restriction (range of motion) and @entity571 . Categorisation was determined using the number of malleoli involved. RESULTS: 243 @entity1 with a mean follow-up of 9.6  years were included. Significant differences for all outcomes were found between unimalleolar (isolated fibular) and bimalleolar (a combination of fibular and medial) @entity174 (AOFAS 97 vs 91, p   =   0.035; AAOS 97 vs 90, p   =   0.026; dorsiflexion restriction 2.8   vs 6.7  , p   =   0.003). Outcomes after fibular @entity174 with an additional posterior fragment were similar to isolated fibular @entity174 . However, significant differences were found between unimalleolar and trimalleolar (a combination of lateral, medial and posterior) @entity174 (AOFAS 97 vs 88, p   <   0.001; AAOS 97 vs 90, p   =   0.003; VAS- @entity158 1.1 vs 2.3 p   <   0.001; dorsiflexion restriction 2.9   vs 6.9  , p   <   0.001). There was no significant difference in isolated fibular @entity174 with or without additional deltoid ligament injury. In addition, no functional differences were found between bimalleolar and @entity1171 . Surprisingly, poor outcomes were found for isolated @entity174 . Development of @entity571 occurred mainly in @entity1171 with a posterior fragment larger than 5  %. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show that long-term functional outcome is strongly associated to @entity174 , isolated or as part of bi- or @entity1171 . More cases of @entity571 are found in @entity1171 .

Long-term functional and radiographic outcomes in 243 operated XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants'] @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis'] @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'medial malleolar fractures', 'malleolar fractures'] @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures', 'trimalleolar fractures'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain']
@entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['ankle fractures']
