OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to investigate the association between @entity281 in the first 2 years and subsequent diagnosis of @entity72 . METHODS: We conducted a case-control study among @entity1 born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California from 1995 to 1999. Case subjects (n = 403) were @entity1 with an @entity2438 diagnosis recorded in Kaiser Permanente databases. Control subjects (n = 2100) were randomly sampled from the remaining @entity1 without @entity2438 and frequency matched to case subjects on gender, birth year, and birth hospital. Information on @entity281 and covariates were obtained from Kaiser Permanente and birth certificate databases. RESULTS: Overall, @entity281 diagnoses in the first 2 years of life were recorded slightly less often for @entity1 with @entity2438 than control @entity1 (95.0% vs 97.5%). Among specific diagnoses, @entity1729 were significantly less frequently diagnosed and @entity281 more frequently diagnosed in @entity1 with @entity2438 . In the first 30 days of life, the frequency of having an @entity281 was slightly higher among @entity1 with @entity2438 (22.6% vs 18.7%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with subsequent diagnoses of @entity2438 do not have more overall @entity281 in the first 2 years of life than @entity1 without @entity2438 . Data suggest that @entity1 with @entity2438 may have modestly elevated rates of @entity281 in the first 30 days and that, during the first 2 years, @entity1 with @entity2438 may be at higher risk for certain types of @entity281 and lower risk for others. Additional studies that explore the associations between prenatal and early childhood @entity281 and @entity2438 may help clarify the role of @entity281 and the immune system in the etiology of @entity72 .

Infection in the first 2 years of life and XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children'] @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autism'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'genitourinary infections'] @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorder', 'autism spectrum disorders'] @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory infections']
@entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorders']
