OBJECTIVE: To explore behaviors related to prescription @entity4784 and diversion in individuals who self-reported past recreational (nonmedical) opioid use. DESIGN: A questionnaire was developed and included in two abuse potential clinical studies conducted in Canada (Toronto, ON, August 2010 to January, 2011) and the United States (Salt Lake City, UT, February-May 2011). @entity1 : Recreational opioid users. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Self-reported behaviors related to prescription @entity4784 and diversion. RESULTS: The questionnaire was completed by 174 @entity1 in the Canadian study and 80 @entity1 in the US study. Most @entity1 reported that they used prescription opioids for nonmedical purposes a few times a month. Most had taken their first prescription opioid between the ages of 12 and 24 years and the two most common reasons were to treat @entity158 or to feel high/stoned. When asked about specific opioids taken for nonmedical purposes in the past year, @entity1288 , @entity1443 with @entity10425 , and @entity1286 were commonly used by both cohorts, whereas @entity1287 use was substantially greater in the US cohort versus the Canadian cohort. @entity1 reported various tampering methods and routes of administration, with swallowed whole, crushed and snorted, and chewed/crushed and swallowed as the most prevalent. Most @entity1 indicated taking other drugs with prescription opioids to get high, most commonly marijuana and @entity285 . The most common sources for obtaining prescription opioids were family/friends. CONCLUSIONS: Two cohorts of recreational opioid users from Canada and the United States reported similar experiences with various prescription opioids and indicated a predominance of diversion from family/friends.

Self-reports of prescription XXXX and diversion among recreational opioid users in a Canadian and a United States city.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS'] @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone'] @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid abuse'] @entity1287 :: ('MESH:D006853', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocodone'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain'] @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine'] @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen'] @entity285 :: ('D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol'] @entity10425 :: ('MESH:D003061', 'Chemical') :: ['codeine']
@entity4784 :: (MESH:D009293,Disease) :: ['opioid abuse']
