BACKGROUND: @entity71 ( @entity71 ) is a common @entity146 in @entity1 and adolescents. Immediate-release @entity2727 (IR- @entity7541 ) is the medical treatment of first choice. The necessity to use several IR- @entity7541 tablets per day and associated potential social stigma at school often leads to reduced compliance, sub-optimal treatment, and therefore economic loss. Replacement of IR- @entity7541 with a single-dose extended release (ER- @entity7541 ) formulation may improve drug response and economic efficiency. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness from a societal perspective of a switch from IR- @entity7541 to ER- @entity7541 in @entity1 who are sub-optimally treated. METHODS: A daily Markov-cycle model covering a time-span of 10 years was developed including four different health states: (1) optimal response, (2) sub-optimal response, (3) discontinued treatment, and (4) natural remission. ER- @entity7541 options included @entity2727 osmotic release oral system ( @entity7541 -OROS) and Equasym XL/Medikinet CR. Both direct costs and indirect costs were included in the analysis, and effects were expressed as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Univariate, multivariate as well as probabilistic sensitivity analysis were conducted and the main outcomes were @entity24882 . RESULTS: Switching sub-optimally treated @entity1 from IR- @entity7541 to MPH-OROS or Equasym XL/Medikinet CR led to per- @entity1 cost-savings of    4200 and    5400, respectively, over a 10-year treatment span. Sensitivity analysis with plausible variations of input parameters resulted in cost-savings in the vast majority of estimations. CONCLUSIONS: This study lends economic support to switching @entity1 with @entity71 with suboptimal response to short-acting IR- @entity7541 to long-acting ER- @entity7541 regimens.

Cost-effectiveness of extended-release @entity2727 in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity71 sub-optimally treated with immediate release XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity24882 :: ('MESH:D065606', 'Disease') :: ['incremental cost-effectiveness ratios'] @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder'] @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder'] @entity7541 :: ('MESH:C041626', 'Chemical') :: ['MPH'] @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']
@entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']
