PURPOSE: Effective @entity282 management is important for older surgical @entity1 because @entity158 affects perioperative outcomes. A prospective cohort study was conducted to describe the direct and indirect effects of @entity1 risk factors and @entity158 treatment in explaining levels of @entity282 in older surgical @entity1 . METHODS: We studied @entity1 who were 65 years of age or older and were scheduled for major noncardiac surgery with a postoperative hospital stay of at least 2 days. The numeric rating scale (0 = no @entity158 , 10 = worst possible @entity158 ) was used to measure @entity158 levels before surgery and once daily for 2 days after surgery. Path analysis was performed to examine the association between predictive variables and @entity282 levels. RESULTS: Three hundred fifty @entity1 were studied. We found that @entity158 level, use of preoperative opioids, female gender, higher ASA physical status, and @entity282 control methods were the strongest predictors of @entity282 as measured on the first day after surgery. Younger age, greater preoperative symptoms of @entity308 , and lower cognitive function also contributed to higher @entity282 levels. Pain levels on the second day after surgery were strongly predicted by @entity158 level, use of preoperative opioids, surgical risk, and @entity158 and opioid dose on postoperative day 1. However, younger age, female gender, higher ASA physical status, greater preoperative symptoms of @entity308 , lower cognitive function, and @entity282 control methods indirectly contributed to @entity158 levels on the second day after surgery. CONCLUSION: Although @entity158 and use of preoperative opioids have the strongest effects on @entity282 , clinicians should be aware that other factors such as age, gender, surgical risk, preoperative @entity73 , and @entity308 also contribute to reported @entity282 . Based on significant statistical correlations, these study results can contribute to more effective postoperative care for those @entity1 having the risk factors studied here. Preoperative treatment/intervention based in part on factors such as @entity158 , use of preoperative opioids, and @entity308 may improve @entity282 management.

Prediction of XXXX using path analysis in older @entity1 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression'] @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'preoperative pain'] @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']
@entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']
