BACKGROUND: @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ) and preterm birth are frequent co-morbidities and, combined, increase the risk of adverse respiratory outcomes compared to that in appropriately grown @entity1 . Potential underlying reasons for this increased respiratory morbidity in @entity1592 @entity1 compared to appropriately grown @entity1 include altered fetal lung development, @entity55 , increased respiratory requirements and/or increased ventilation induced @entity651 Methods: @entity1592 was surgically induced in preterm fetal @entity742 (0.7 gestation) by ligation of a single umbilical artery. Four weeks later, preterm @entity742 were euthanized at delivery or delivered and ventilated for 2 hours before euthanasia. Ventilator requirements, @entity55 , early markers of @entity651 and morphological changes in lung parenchymal and vascular structure and surfactant composition were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity1592 preterm @entity742 weighed 30% less than appropriately grown (AG) preterm @entity742 , with increased brain:body weight ratio, indicating brain sparing. @entity1592 did not induce @entity55 or injury or alter lung parenchymal and vascular structure compared to AG fetuses. @entity1592 and AG @entity742 had similar oxygenation and respiratory requirements after birth, and had significant, but similar, increases in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, @entity651 markers gene expression and surfactant @entity2434 species compared to unventilated controls. CONCLUSION: @entity1592 does not induce pulmonary structural changes in our model. Furthermore, @entity1592 and AG preterm @entity742 have similar ventilator requirements in the immediate postnatal period. This study suggests that increased morbidity and mortality in @entity1592 @entity1 is not due to altered lung tissue or vascular structure, or to an altered response to early ventilation.

Ventilation induced XXXX is not exacerbated by growth restriction in preterm @entity742 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants'] @entity742 :: ('9940', 'Species') :: ['sheep', 'lambs'] @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['fetal lung inflammation', 'lung inflammation'] @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine'] @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury'] @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'Intrauterine growth restriction']
@entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']
