BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) by pacing the left and right ventricles is an emerging option for treatment of severe @entity712 with ventricular conduction disturbances. Stimulation through a coronary vein is currently the technique of choice to achieve left ventricular (LV) pacing. Unfortunately, this approach carries significant limitations and drawbacks. Therefore we explored robotic-enhanced thoracoscopic implantation of an epicardial lead as an alternative technique to stimulate the LV in cardiac resynchronization therapy. METHODS: A total of 15 @entity1 were included in this study. Right (atrial and ventricular) leads were implanted classically through the left subclavian vein. Robotic-enhanced thoracoscopy was then performed to implant the LV epicardial lead. RESULTS: Of the 15 @entity1 , 13 underwent successful endoscopic robotic cardiac resynchronization therapy. Two @entity1 underwent conversion to a small thoracotomy. No perioperative complication occurred in the @entity1 who did not undergo conversion. Acute and chronic LV lead thresholds were satisfactory in all @entity1 , improving over time. All were subjectively and objectively improved at 4 months. As compared with conventional methods, the procedural cost was not significantly affected. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this feasibility study, we believe that robotic LV epicardial lead implantation is a valuable option to achieve biventricular resynchronization therapy. It allows for more reproducible acute thresholds for LV pacing and sensing than does the percutaneous approach; enables fine tuning of the LV lead position, thus potentially providing optimal hemodynamic benefit; and avoids the pitfalls and limitations of the endovenous approach. Therefore it deserves further prospective studies to assess its place in the therapeutic armamentarium against @entity712 .

Robotic-enhanced biventricular resynchronization: an alternative to endovenous cardiac resynchronization therapy in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']
@entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']
