BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity4389 ( @entity57090 ) was clinically used as a preservative agent for local anesthetics but was later suspected to be @entity2359 . However, recent studies reported that @entity57090 reduces the @entity2359 of local anesthetics. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of @entity57090 with and without @entity8162 on axonal transport in cultured @entity19 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. METHODS: Experiment 1 served to determine the dose-dependent effects of @entity57090 on axonal transport (DRG neurons were treated with 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, or 20 mM of @entity57090 ), whereas experiment 2 investigated the effect of 0.1 mM @entity57090 on the action of local anesthetics on axonal transport (DRG neurons were treated with 1 mM @entity8162 alone, or with 0.1 mM @entity57090 plus 1 mM @entity8162 ). As an additional experiment, DRG neurons were also treated with 1 mM @entity4487 alone, or with 0.1 mM @entity57090 plus 1 mM @entity4487 . In these experiments, we analyzed the percent change in the number of anterogradely and retrogradely transported organelles and recorded changes in neurite morphology using video-enhanced microscopy. RESULTS: In experiment 1, @entity57090 at more than 1 mM caused cell membrane damage and complete inhibition of axonal transport, whereas 0.1 mM @entity57090 maintained axonal transport at 40% to 60% of control with intact cell membrane. In experiment 2, 1 mM @entity8162 alone maintained axonal transport at 90% to 100%. However, application of 1 mM @entity8162 -0.1 mM @entity57090 solution resulted in @entity85 and with complete cessation of axonal transport. Likewise, although 1 mM @entity4487 maintain axonal transport at 80% to 100%, 1 mM @entity4487 -0.1 mM @entity57090 arrested axonal transport. CONCLUSIONS: @entity57090 resulted in a dose-dependent damage to the cell membrane and axonal transport, especially when used in combination with @entity8162 or @entity4487 .

Effects of XXXX with or without @entity8162 derivatives on axons of cultured @entity19 dorsal root ganglion neurons.

@entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse'] @entity8162 :: ('MESH:D011343', 'Chemical') :: ['procaine'] @entity4487 :: ('MESH:C004616', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroprocaine'] @entity57090 :: ('MESH:C569244', 'Chemical') :: ['NaHSO3'] @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformation of neurites'] @entity4389 :: ('MESH:C009279', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium bisulfite'] @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'neurotoxic']
@entity4389 :: (MESH:C009279,Chemical) :: ['sodium bisulfite']
