STUDY DESIGN: We hypothesized that AF/neuron interactions during annular injury were involved in @entity2295 and nerve ingrowth, the pathologic hallmarks of symptomatic @entity1797 . OBJECTIVE: To identify growth factors and inflammatory cytokines related to AF/neuron interactions using in vitro model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity158 is the chronic intractable @entity158 initiated by tears in the outer annulus fibrosus (AF); this is a unique structure with free nerve endings at outer one-third, located beside dorsal root ganglia. The relationship between AF and neuron cells in annular injury has not been extensively investigated. METHODS: @entity1 AF cells were cocultured with a @entity1968 (RA)-treated SH-SY5Y @entity1 @entity521 cell line (neuron-like cells). Conditioned media from cells cultured alone or in coculture were assayed for growth factors and inflammatory cytokines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The responses of the neuron-like cells, the AF cells, and the cocultured group to @entity1356 / @entity310 were compared using the same outcome measures. RESULTS: RA-treated SH-SY5Y cells showed significant neurite outgrowth on the 7th day; this is a typical morphologic finding of neuron-like cells. Neuron-like cells produced @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity442 under basal conditions and dose-dependently secreted small amounts of @entity687 in response to @entity310 . Coculturing enhanced the secretion of @entity7 , @entity2533 , and b-NGF, and suppressed the production of @entity442 . @entity7 in the coculture group and the AF cells was downregulated by @entity1356 / @entity310 stimulation. @entity1356 / @entity310 stimulation enhanced the production of large amounts of @entity650 and @entity687 from AF cells; @entity1356 produced a greater response than @entity310 . The neuron-like cells did not produce detectable amounts of @entity650 or @entity687 . CONCLUSION: These studies suggest that AF cells are involved in an inflammatory reaction and that the interactions between AF and neuron-like cells enhance the production of growth factors responsible for @entity2295 and nerve ingrowth. @entity130 has the potential to initiate @entity2295 /nerve ingrowth and an inflammatory reaction through the interactions of AF and neural tissues.

Annulus fibrosus cells interact with neuron-like cells to modulate production of growth factors and cytokines in symptomatic XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Human'] @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['IL-6'] @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1b'] @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration'] @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['TNF-a'] @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization'] @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF'] @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-1'] @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b1'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Discogenic pain', 'pain'] @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma'] @entity687 :: ('3576', 'Gene') :: ['IL-8'] @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['AF injury']
@entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['disc degeneration']
