Relapses remain a major concern in @entity3052 . It is well known that @entity1778 stem cells (LSCs) hide in hematopoietic niches and escape to the immune system surveillance through the outgrowth of poorly immunogenic @entity5 -cell variants and the suppression of the active immune response. Despite the introduction of new reagents and new therapeutic approaches, no treatment strategies have been able to definitively eradicate LSCs. However, recent adoptive immunotherapy in @entity5 is expected to revolutionize our way to fight against this disease, by redirecting the immune system in order to eliminate relapse issues. Initially described at the onset of the 90's, chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are recombinant receptors transferred in various T cell subsets, providing specific antigens binding in a non-major histocompatibility complex restricted manner, and effective on a large variety of human leukocyte antigen-divers cell populations. Once transferred, engineered T cells act like an expanding "living drug" specifically targeting the @entity5 -associated antigen, and ensure long-term anti- @entity5 memory. Over the last decades, substantial improvements have been made in CARs design. CAR T cells have finally reached the clinical practice and first clinical trials have shown promising results. In @entity981 , high rate of complete and prolonged clinical responses have been observed after anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy, with specific but manageable adverse events. In this review, our goal was to describe CAR structures and functions, and to summarize recent data regarding pre-clinical studies and clinical trials in @entity3052 .

Adoptive immunotherapy for XXXX : New insights in chimeric antigen receptors.

@entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer'] @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia'] @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia'] @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']
@entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']
