The @entity1 neurotropic @entity8315 (JCV) causes the fatal CNS @entity17 disease @entity7578 ( @entity7578 ). @entity281 is very common and after @entity281 , the virus is able to persist in an asymptomatic state. Rarely, and usually only under conditions of immune impairment, JCV re-emerges to actively replicate in the astrocytes and oligodendrocytes of the brain causing @entity7578 . The regulatory events involved in the reactivation of active viral replication in @entity7578 are not well understood but previous studies have implicated the transcription factor NF-kB acting at a well-characterized site in the JCV noncoding control region (NCCR). NF-kB in turn is regulated in a number of ways including activation by cytokines such as @entity310 , interactions with other transcription factors and epigenetic events involving protein acetylation - all of which can regulate the transcriptional activity of JCV. Active @entity281 is marked by the occurrence of rapid and extensive DNA damage in the host cell and the induction of the expression of cellular proteins involved in DNA repair including @entity6545 , a major component of the homologous recombination-directed double-strand break DNA repair machinery. Here we show that increased @entity6545 expression activates the JCV early promoter. This activation is co-operative with the stimulation caused by NF-kB p65, abrogated by mutation of the NF-kB binding site or siRNA to NFkB p65 and enhanced by the histone deacetylase inhibitor @entity11413 . These data indicate that the induction of @entity6545 resulting from infection with JCV acts through NF-kB via its binding site to stimulate JCV early transcription. We suggest that this provides a novel positive feedback mechanism to enhance viral gene expression during the early stage of @entity281 .

XXXX Activates @entity8315 Early Transcription.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating'] @entity8315 :: ('10632', 'Species') :: ['polyomavirus JC'] @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['TNF-a'] @entity11413 :: ('CHEBI:64103', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium butyrate'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['primary infection', 'JCV infection'] @entity6545 :: ('5888', 'Gene') :: ['Rad51'] @entity7578 :: ('MESH:D007968', 'Disease') :: ['progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy', 'PML']
@entity6545 :: (5888,Gene) :: ['Rad51']
