BACKGROUND: Further evidence suggests that repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective method to reduce @entity286 craving among smokers. HYPOTHESIS: As relapse is common within a few days after smoking cessation, we hypothesized that combining the anti-craving effects of rTMS with @entity1239 replacement therapy (NRT) to attenuate withdrawal symptoms could increase abstinence rates in smokers with severe @entity1239 @entity734 who quit smoking. METHODS: Thirty-seven smokers who failed to quit with the usual treatments were randomly assigned to two treatment groups to receive either active (n  =  18) or sham (n  =  19) 1-Hz rTMS of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The day after quitting smoking, each @entity1 combined NRT (21-mg patch) with active or sham rTMS (10 sessions) for 2 weeks. Cessation support was then continued with NRT alone using lower-dose patches. Abstinence rates and self-report craving scales were used to assess the therapeutic results during the combined treatment and for up to 12 weeks after quitting. RESULTS: At the end of the combined treatment, there were significantly more abstinent @entity1 in the active rTMS group (n  =  16) than in the sham rTMS group (n  =  9) (P  =  0.027). The craving scales analysis revealed that active rTMS (P  =  0.011) but not sham rTMS (P  =  0.116) led to a significant decrease in the compulsive factor. However, no lasting rTMS effect was found. CONCLUSIONS: 1-Hz rTMS combined with NRT improved the success rate of abstinence in smokers during @entity286 cessation. The stimulation-induced @entity3119 may explain this result.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined With XXXX Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient'] @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco'] @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine'] @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in compulsivity'] @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']
@entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['Nicotine']
