Systemic chemotherapies for advanced or metastatic @entity259 have been of only limited effectiveness. For @entity1 with differentiated or @entity189 unresponsive to conventional treatments, novel therapies are needed to improve disease outcomes. Multiple novel therapies primarily targeting angiogenesis have entered clinical trials for metastatic @entity259 . Partial response rates up to 30% have been reported in single-agent studies, but prolonged disease stabilization is more commonly observed. The most successful agents target the @entity7 receptors, with potential targets including the mutant kinases associated with papillary and medullary oncogenesis. Two drugs approved for other @entity5 , @entity2857 and @entity2240 , have had promising preliminary results reported, and are being used selectively for @entity1 who do not qualify for clinical trials. At least one randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial has been successfully completed, showing improved progression-free survival in @entity1 with advanced or metastatic @entity259 treated with @entity4733 . Randomized trials for other agents are currently underway. Treatment for @entity1 with metastatic or advanced @entity259 now emphasizes clinical trial opportunities for novel agents with considerable promise. Alternative options now exist for use of @entity669 kinase inhibitors that are well tolerated and may prove worthy of regulatory approval for this disease.

Targeted therapies for XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib'] @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies'] @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib'] @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['medullary carcinomas'] @entity4733 :: ('MESH:C452423', 'Chemical') :: ['vandetanib'] @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine'] @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid carcinoma']
@entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid tumors']
