OPINION STATEMENT: Current treatment options for @entity64 in @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) and @entity2395 are limited. @entity49 occurs in @entity66 partly due to activated platelets and @entity1503 , resulting in @entity417 . This overlapping pathophysiology of the nervous system promotes the role of some common treatment modalities for these similar diseases. The current evidence suggests that chronic exchange transfusion and stem cell transplantation/bone marrow transplant (BMT) can be used in @entity66 . Exchange transfusion is the mainstay of therapy of @entity64 in @entity3458 whereas blood transfusions and @entity1862 appear to be the most effective current treatments. However, evidence suggests that exchange transfusion should be initiated in @entity64 ( @entity64 ) and chronic transfusion continued in @entity66 after @entity64 . Exchange transfusion can also be used acutely in @entity64 with @entity2395 as this disorder is also associated with hypervolemia at baseline, occurring secondary to @entity417 . The ideal length of chronic transfusions for both primary and secondary @entity64 prevention still needs to be better defined. Stem cell transplant or BMT is the only curative treatment for @entity66 . However, timing needs to be further investigated. If transplantation is effective, it may need to be done before the @entity1 with @entity3458 expresses disease, such as in infancy. However, in infancy, we cannot predict the severity of the phenotype in @entity3458 with certainty, so an individual decision about transplantation is difficult to make. In @entity2395 , transplantation may be effective later because vasculopathy is not the problem as in @entity3458 . Furthermore, cerebrovascular disease occurs later in @entity2395 than in @entity3458 . Finally, @entity117 is a treatment modality that also warrants further investigation. There are limited studies on the effectiveness of @entity117 in @entity3458 and @entity2395 . Few studies have demonstrated clinical improvement of @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity8453 . Given the successful use of @entity117 in the treatment and prevention of recurrent @entity137 in @entity1 without @entity8453 , diseases with @entity49 , such as @entity3458 and @entity2395 , may also benefit from the use of @entity117 for treatment and prevention. However, the evidence available is based on case and retrospective studies, necessitating future larger and more valid studies to evaluate safety and effectiveness.

XXXX and @entity64 : strategies for prevention and treatment.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child'] @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic stroke', 'AIS', 'stroke', 'acute stroke'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cardioembolic events'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['both diseases'] @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['chronic anemia'] @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea'] @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin'] @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease'] @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercoagulation', 'hypercoagulability'] @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['red blood cell dysmorphology and dysfunction'] @entity8453 :: ('MESH:D006453', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinopathies'] @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemias', 'thalassemia']
@entity8453 :: (MESH:D006453,Disease) :: ['Hemoglobinopathies']
