INTRODUCTION: @entity322 is eight times more frequent in females than in males because of injuries sustained at childbirth. The aim of the present study was to determine the long-term costs associated with anal @entity322 related to @entity130 . METHODS: Sixty-three @entity1 with anal @entity322 caused by obstetric sphincter injuries answered questionnaires regarding previous treatments, symptoms, and use of protective products. Of the @entity1 , 31 were treated surgically, 11 with biofeedback, 6 with a combination of surgery and biofeedback, and 15 conservatively. Treatments and their respective costs were obtained from @entity1 records, @entity1 questionnaires, billing database, and Health Care Financing Administration's 1996 inpatient database. Costs were expressed in 1996 dollars. RESULTS: The mean @entity322 score changed from 26 at evaluation to 16 at follow-up (P < 0.001). The average cost per @entity1 was  17,166. Evaluation and follow-up charges totaled  65,412, and physiologic assessment accounted for 64 percent of these costs. Treatment charges totaled  559,341, and physician charges accounted for 18 percent of these charges. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1241 after childbirth results in substantial economic costs, and treatment is not always successful. New treatment modalities, such as artificial bowel sphincter or dynamic graciloplasty, should be assessed to determine their cost-effectiveness.

Long-term cost of @entity1241 secondary to XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['Fecal incontinence'] @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence', 'Anal incontinence'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric injuries']
@entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['obstetric injuries']
