UNASSIGNED: Early biomarker-based diagnosis of @entity10067 ( @entity10067 ) represents a major clinical challenge. The aim of this study was to identify novel brain microRNAs (miRNAs) in @entity1 with @entity302 and @entity10067 as potential biomarkers. We evaluated serum hsa-miR-4521 as a promising novel biomarker in @entity1 with @entity10067 . Tissue for microarray was obtained from nine @entity1 with temporal lobe @entity302 who underwent surgery to remove @entity302 foci identified by cortical video electroencephalogram monitoring. Control tissue was collected from eight @entity1 with @entity101 who required emergency surgery to remove an intracranial @entity1410 . The Affymetrix(  ) GeneChip(  ) Command Console(  ) Software (Affymetrix miRNA 4.0) was used to compare miRNA expression in the cerebral cortex of experimental and control @entity1 . Temporal cortex tissue and serum samples were taken from the same @entity1 for verification of hsa-miR-4521 expression by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The experimental and control @entity1 did not differ significantly in terms of age and gender. 19.4  % (148/764) of the total miRNAs were differentially expressed in experimental and control tissue, which is in agreement with the existing literature. We selected miRNA-4521 for further analysis; the fold-change in expression was 14.4707 and the q value was almost 0, which confirmed up-regulation. Significant up-regulation of hsa-miR-4521 was further validated by RT-qPCR. miRNA microarrays can efficiently and conveniently identify differentially expressed miRNAs in @entity302 brain tissue. This is the first study to identify differential expression of hsa-miR-4521 in brain tissue and serum of @entity302 @entity1 and suggests that serum hsa-miR-4521 may represent a potential diagnostic biomarker for @entity10067 with @entity302 .

Serum MicroRNA-4521 is a Potential Biomarker for Focal Cortical Dysplasia with XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension'] @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematoma'] @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy'] @entity10067 :: ('MESH:C537067', 'Disease') :: ['FCD', 'focal cortical dysplasia']
@entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Refractory Epilepsy']
