BACKGROUND: @entity453 ( @entity453 ) is the leading cause of @entity1 morbidity and mortality worldwide, underscoring the need to improve diagnostic strategies. Platelets play a major role, not only in the process of acute @entity715 during @entity397 , but also in the formation of @entity731 itself. MicroRNAs are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression and are expressed in a tissue and disease-specific manner. Therefore they have been proposed to be useful biomarkers. It remains unknown whether differences in miRNA expression levels in platelets can be found between @entity1 with premature @entity453 and healthy controls. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this case-control study we measured relative expression levels of platelet miRNAs using microarrays from 12 @entity1 with premature @entity453 and 12 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Six platelet microRNAs were significantly upregulated ( @entity9068 *, @entity15851 , @entity24629 *, @entity59697 :9.1. @entity69481 -5p and @entity69482 *) and one miRNA (miR1280) was significantly downregulated in @entity1 with @entity453 as compared to healthy controls. To validate these results, we measured the expression levels of these candidate miRNAs by qRT-PCR in platelets of individuals from two independent cohorts; validation cohort I consisted of 40 @entity1 with premature @entity453 and 40 healthy controls and validation cohort II consisted of 27 @entity1 with @entity455 and 40 healthy relatives. @entity9068 * and @entity69482 * were confirmed to be upregulated in @entity1 with @entity453 as compared to healthy controls in both validation cohorts. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Two miRNAs in platelets are significantly upregulated in @entity1 with @entity453 as compared to healthy controls. Whether the two identified miRNAs can be used as biomarkers and whether they are cause or consequence of the disease remains to be elucidated in a larger prospective study.

Platelets in XXXX with premature coronary @entity455 exhibit upregulation of miRNA340* and miRNA624*.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients'] @entity59697 :: ('664614', 'Gene') :: ['miR545'] @entity9068 :: ('442908', 'Gene') :: ['MiR340', 'miR340'] @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery disease'] @entity15851 :: ('574411', 'Gene') :: ['miR451'] @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis'] @entity24629 :: ('768216', 'Gene') :: ['miR454'] @entity69481 :: ('693200', 'Gene') :: ['miR615'] @entity69482 :: ('693209', 'Gene') :: ['miR624'] @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture'] @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease', 'CAD'] @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']
