ABSTRACT Purpose: Cigarette smoking increases chronic airway @entity32 , oxidative stress, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), which may result in @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and @entity5 growth in the lung. Phosphodiesterase 4 ( @entity1980 ) inhibitors are known to reduce @entity32 , and they have recently been introduced for the treatment of @entity1030 . We assessed the impact of @entity7428 , a selective @entity1980 inhibitor, on chemoprevention in @entity3014 -induced @entity2 in @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female A/J @entity19 were given a single dose of @entity3014 . Intraperitoneal administration of @entity7428 began 2 weeks post-carcinogen treatment and continued tri-weekly for 28 weeks. @entity5 load was determined by averaging the total @entity5 volume in each group. RESULTS: @entity3014 induced an average @entity5 size of 10.4    1.7 @entity5 per @entity19 , with an average @entity5 load of 25.9    3.8  mm(3). @entity7428 significantly decreased @entity5 number, by 45.1%, and @entity5 load, by 52.9%, compared with the @entity3014 group. @entity14160 staining was reduced in @entity7428 -treated @entity19 compared with @entity3014 -treated @entity19 . The increased expression of EMT markers caused by @entity3014 was inhibited by @entity7428 . @entity7428 significantly attenuated NF-kB and @entity10182 expression in @entity3014 -induced @entity2 tissues. CONCLUSIONS: In vivo experiments in the @entity3014 -induced model of @entity2 show that @entity1980 inhibition significant inhibits lung carcinogenesis. Our results provide evidence that @entity1980 inhibitors may be suitable for the prevention of the @entity2 in high-risk groups, for example, heavy smokers and @entity1 with @entity1030 .

Chemopreventive effect of phosphodieasterase-4 inhibition in @entity3014 -induced @entity19 XXXX model.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Gene') :: ['PDE4'] @entity7428 :: ('MESH:D020889', 'Chemical') :: ['Rolipram', 'rolipram'] @entity14160 :: ('17345(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Ki67'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse'] @entity10182 :: ('18024(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Nrf2'] @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer'] @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene', 'Benzo(a)pyrene'] @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']
@entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']
