BACKGROUND: Elevated plasma elastase levels have been reported following major @entity130 and isolated @entity3330 . Reamed femoral nailing has been shown to further increase plasma elastase levels. The aim of this study was to investigate polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) priming for degranulation following major @entity130 and isolated @entity174 by assessing the ability of PMN to release elastase in vitro in response to a stimulus. METHODS: We further analyzed PMN surface expression of the integrins @entity9536 and @entity1454 as markers of PMN activation. Ten major @entity130 (Injury Severity Score>or=18) @entity1 and 12 @entity1 with isolated @entity174 were included in the study. @entity1 in the @entity174 group were further stratified into reamed nail and external-fixation groups following surgery. RESULTS: A significant increase in the capacity of PMN to release elastase was seen following major @entity130 , but not in @entity174 @entity1 . Surgery did not further alter PMN elastase release. @entity9536 and @entity1454 expression was essentially unaltered in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: PMN is primed for increased degranulation following major @entity130 but not following isolated @entity174 . Accumulation of primed, hyperactive PMN into tissues can lead to severe @entity3145 and thus @entity881 .

Neutrophil priming for elastase release in adult blunt @entity130 XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['isolated fracture', 'long-bone/pelvis fracture'] @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage'] @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure'] @entity1454 :: ('3689', 'Gene') :: ['CD18'] @entity9536 :: ('3684', 'Gene') :: ['CD11b'] @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fracture'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']
