AIM: @entity10516 is a rare condition of unknown aetiology. The great majority of cases has not been associated with bacterial pathogens if @entity1 with mammary @entity378 are excluded. We noted that some @entity1 in Auckland with a histological diagnosis of @entity10516 had both microbiological and histological evidence of @entity281 and aimed to study this further. METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 were reviewed who presented with @entity1558 and had microbiological specimens from which corynebacteria were isolated and/or histological specimens containing coryneform bacteria. These 34 cases were compared with 28 controls with similar histology but no evidence of @entity281 . RESULTS: Twenty-seven (79%) of the cases and 21 (75%) of the controls had histological and/or cytological evidence of @entity27017 . Fourteen of the 34 cases also had Gram-positive bacilli (GPB), recognisable as coryneform bacteria, in histological sections. In all cases the bacilli were confined to empty spaces, consistent with dissolved lipid, and were surrounded by neutrophils and, frequently, @entity27017 . @entity69088 species were isolated from 52 of 116 microbiological specimens taken from the 34 cases. Forty of these 52 cultures were pure. Twenty-four of the cultures were further classified biochemically and using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Twenty of the 24 were lipophilic @entity69088 species and 14 were identified as @entity69088 . The cases were more likely to present with @entity221 or @entity4795 and more often formed sinuses than the controls but other clinical features were similar. Maori and Pacific Islanders accounted for 77% of the @entity1 across both groups. CONCLUSION: We suggest @entity10516 can be associated with @entity281 , particularly @entity281 by @entity69088 . The significance of this finding, which has previously been described in only a single case report, is discussed.

A clinicopathological review of 34 cases of @entity1558 showing an association between @entity281 and XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women'] @entity69088 :: ('161879', 'Species') :: ['Corynebacterium', 'C. kroppenstedtii', 'Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii'] @entity10516 :: ('MESH:D058890', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous mastitis', 'Granulomatous mastitis'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['corynebacteria infection', 'infection'] @entity27017 :: ('MESH:D013492', 'Disease') :: ['suppurative granulomas'] @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis'] @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever'] @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory breast disease'] @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']
@entity10516 :: (MESH:D058890,Disease) :: ['granulomatous mastitis']
