UNASSIGNED: Oocyte has been considered the major contributor for embryo thermo-tolerance. However, it was shown that sperm factors can be transferred to the oocyte during fertilization, raising the question of whether the absence of such factors could interfere on embryo thermo-tolerance. In this study, we used parthenogenesis to generate @entity291 embryos without spermatozoa in order to test whether the absence of sperm factors could influence their thermo-sensitiveness at early stages. @entity52 ( @entity52 ) and parthenogenetic (PA) embryos at 44  h post-insemination/chemical activation were exposed to 38.5  C (control) or 41  C ( @entity1457 ) for 12  h and then developed for 48  h and up to blastocyst stage. Apoptosis index and expression of @entity26267 , @entity63846 , @entity63849 and @entity12305 genes in blastocysts derived from heat-shocked embryos were also evaluated. The @entity1457 decreased the blastocyst rate at day seven (p  <  0.05) for @entity52 embryos and at day eight (p  <  0.01) for both @entity52 and PA embryos. Total cell number was not affected by @entity1457 in @entity52 and PA blastocysts, but there was an increased proportion (p  <  0.05) of apoptotic cells in heat-shocked embryos when compared to controls. There was no interaction (p  >  0.05) between method of activation ( @entity52 and PA) and temperature (38.5  C or 41.5  C) for all developmental parameters evaluated. Expression of @entity63846 gene was downregulated (p  <  0.05) by @entity1457 in both @entity52 and PA blastocyst whereas expression of @entity63849 and @entity12305 genes was downregulated (p  <  0.05) by @entity1457 in PA blastocysts. Those data show that the @entity1457 affects negatively the embryo development towards blastocysts stage, increases the apoptotic index and disturbed the expression of some genes in both @entity52 and PA embryos, indicating that the presence or absence of sperm factors does not influence the sensitivity of the @entity291 embryo to @entity1457 .

Absence of Sperm Factors as in the Parthenogenesis Does Not Interfere on XXXX Embryo Sensitiveness to Heat Shock at Pre-Implantation Stage.

@entity12305 :: ('281848(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF1r'] @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock'] @entity26267 :: ('281997(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['PRDX1'] @entity63846 :: ('282356(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['GLUT1'] @entity63849 :: ('282868(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['GLUT5'] @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['In vitro fertilized', 'IVF'] @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['bovine']
@entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bovine']
