UNASSIGNED: @entity13871 , caused by @entity5603 or Toxocara catis, is a worldwide occurring @entity4801 , reaching high prevalences especially in tropical and subtropical countries. The clinical presentation can range from asymptomatic seropositivity to life threatenting disease, depending on the organ system involved. Cardiac involvement, one of the possible manifestations of @entity1 Toxocara spp. @entity281 , is rarely reported in case reports. As far as we know, no systematic reviews of clinical presentations have been published till now and no clear recommendations regarding the treatment of Toxocara spp. @entity281 involving the heart exist. In a systematic review of the literature, 24 published cases of Toxocara spp. @entity281 involving the heart were identified. The cardiac entities described included @entity2401 , @entity2396 , and @entity5441 . The clinical presentation ranged from asymptomatic or mild disease to life threatening @entity2401 / @entity2396 with @entity712 or @entity2293 , leading to @entity204 . In most cases, the diagnosis was based on a combination of clinical, laboratory and radiological findings. Only in three of the nine cases in which histological analysis was performed (either pre- or post-mortem), @entity738 or remnants of the parasite were detected. In the other six cases, findings were non-specific; the damage of the heart was equally caused by direct invasion of the larvae and by immunological reactions, either caused by the systemic @entity1712 or by the presence of the larvae in the tissue. The treatment regimen described mostly consisted of anthelmintic drugs in combination with corticosteroids. Even though dosage and duration of treatment varied widely, ranging from days to months, most @entity1 were treated successfully. Cardiac involvement in Toxocara spp. @entity281 is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of a very common disease. The therapeutic regimens vary widely especially with regard to the duration of therapy, however, the combination of an anthelmintic drug and a corticosteroid appears to be a valuable option. For the daily clinical work, tissue manifestation by parasites should be considered in cases of unspecific organ manifestations, (i.e. heart, lungs, liver), accompanied by @entity221 and @entity1712 with or without @entity1910 .

XXXX -associated cardiac diseases-A systematic review of the literature.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients'] @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia', 'hypereosinophilia'] @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure'] @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade'] @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas'] @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['allergic skin rashes'] @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever'] @entity5603 :: ('6265', 'Species') :: ['Toxocara canis'] @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis'] @entity5441 :: ('MESH:D017681', 'Disease') :: ["Loeffler's endocarditis"] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection'] @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease'] @entity13871 :: ('MESH:D014120', 'Disease') :: ['Toxocariasis'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death'] @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']
@entity13871 :: (MESH:D014120,Disease) :: ['Toxocariasis']
