STUDY OBJECTIVE: Mechanical ventilation may damage the lung. Low tidal volume (VT) is protective, but VT is scaled to body weight (BW) and may be high in functionally small @entity649 lungs. We hypothesized that exhaled breath condensate (EBC) @entity3542 ( @entity6836 ) concentration may increase with lung distension. DESIGN: Prospective, noncontrolled study. SETTING: University hospital and medical ICU. @entity1 : Thirty-five ICU @entity1 requiring mechanical ventilation (severe @entity55 , n = 31; exacerbated @entity1030 , n = 4). @entity1 were scored according to American and European Consensus Conference on @entity649 criteria (AECC) [no @entity651 , n = 7; @entity647 , n = 13; @entity649 , n = 15], as well as the Murray @entity651 severity score (LISS) [score 0, n = 3; score 0.1 to 2.5, n = 19; score > 2.5, n = 13]. INTERVENTIONS: EBC was collected and analyzed for @entity6836 , @entity650 , and @entity687 . Serum was analyzed for @entity650 , @entity687 , and @entity1904 . RESULTS: and measurements: EBC @entity6836 correlated well with VT (milliliters per kilogram of BW; r = 0.79, p < 0.0001) and expiratory minute volume (r = 0.60, p < 0.0001) but not with other ventilatory parameters or parameters of pulmonary (EBC @entity650 ) or systemic (serum @entity650 , @entity687 , and @entity1904 ) @entity32 . The ratio of EBC @entity6836 and the size of the VT correlated directly with @entity651 (AECC, r = 0.66, p < 0.0001; LISS, r = 0.84, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: EBC @entity6836 increased linearly with VT. The ratio of EBC @entity6836 to VT is assumed to reflect @entity6836 release at a given VT. An increase in this ratio indicates an inappropriate increase of @entity6836 production most likely due to mechanical stress of the remaining open lung units in injured lungs. We conclude that the EBC @entity6836 /VT ratio may help to identify situations of critical mechanical stress.

Exhaled breath condensate @entity3542 and its relation to tidal volume in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS'] @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['IL-6', 'IL-6, EBC IL-8', 'interleukin (IL)-6'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia'] @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS'] @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite'] @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin'] @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury'] @entity6836 :: ('CHEBI:29785', 'Chemical') :: ['NO(2)(-)'] @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['COPD'] @entity687 :: ('3576', 'Gene') :: ['IL-8'] @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']
@entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']
