PURPOSE: Management of the postpubertal cryptorchid testis depends on @entity1 age at presentation. Based on the belief that the risk of @entity204 from surgery first exceeds the risk of @entity204 from @entity5 at age 32 years @entity1 younger than 32 years are advised to undergo orchiectomy, while those older than 32 years are advised to remain under close observation. However, the data on which this recommendation is based are now a quarter-century old. During this interval significant improvements have been made in perioperative care and germ cell @entity5 therapy. We revisited the topic using contemporary data to determine whether and how recommendations on management of the postpubertal cryptorchid testis should be changed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Contemporary data on germ cell mortality in the United States were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. From these data the lifetime risk of @entity204 from germ cell @entity5 in the general population was calculated for each 5-year interval between ages 15 and 60 years. Since the lifetime risk of germ cell @entity5 is believed to be higher in @entity1 with cryptorchidism than in the general population, the lifetime risk of eventual @entity204 from germ cell @entity5 in the cryptorchid population was calculated by multiplying each 5-year lifetime risk by 9.7, which is the generally accepted relative risk of germ cell @entity5 in a cryptorchid testis. Contemporary literature on perioperative mortality was reviewed and we estimated the current mortality of orchiectomy based on American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class. Mortality rates were plotted to determine the age when operative mortality exceeds the risk of mortality from germ cell malignancy. RESULTS: While perioperative mortality and germ cell @entity5 mortality decreased in the last 25 years, the relative decrease in perioperative mortality was significantly greater. Thus, in ASA class I or II cases mortality from orchiectomy began to exceed mortality from germ cell @entity5 at age 50 years. CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in therapy for germ cell @entity5 and perioperative care in the last 25 years have dramatically decreased the mortality of each cause. However, the decrease in perioperative mortality has been greater. In contrast to a generation ago, accidental @entity204 during routine elective surgery is now extremely rare in healthy @entity1 . Thus, we advocate orchiectomy in all healthy males (ASA I and II) who present with postpubertal cryptorchidism until age 50 years.

Management of the postpubertal XXXX with cryptorchidism: an updated analysis.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'testis cancer', 'neoplasia']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']
