UNASSIGNED: @entity1486 (PSA) is regarded as the most sensitive biomarker for @entity263 . Although @entity342 / @entity342 receptor (AR) signaling promotes @entity263 progression, suppression of AR signaling induces chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 ( @entity2842 ), which enables @entity263 cells to gain metastatic potential. AR-controlled PSA alone may be an unreliable biomarker for @entity1 receiving @entity342 deprivation therapy. Therefore, we investigated the validity of @entity2842 as a complementary biomarker to PSA for @entity263 . Our in vitro approach of enriching for @entity263 cells with higher migration potential showed that @entity2842 activated cellular migration. Importantly, we found that @entity2842 levels were significantly different between @entity1 (n = 379) with and without @entity263 . @entity1 with @entity2842 >=  320 pg/mL had worse overall survival and @entity263 -specific survival than those with @entity2842 < 320 pg/mL. A novel risk classification was developed according to the risk factors @entity2842 >=  320 pg/mL and PSA >=  100 ng/mL, and scores of 2, 1, and 0 were defined as poor, intermediate, and good risk, respectively, and clearly distinguished @entity1 outcomes. @entity2842 may serve as a novel biomarker for @entity263 . The novel risk classification based on combining @entity2842 and PSA is more reliable than using either alone.

Serum chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 level as a diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarker for XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men'] @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer'] @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['CCL2'] @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen'] @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate-specific antigen']
@entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']
