BACKGROUND: The cell type responsible for the @entity2269 surrounding @entity1 @entity3123 is unknown. Hepatic stellate cells, which activate to a myofibroblast-like form, are responsible for collagen deposition in @entity82 and around @entity157 . Recently, pancreatic stellate cells have been described and implicated in the @entity82 of chronic @entity788 . We sought to determine whether these cells are responsible for the scirrhous reaction surrounding pancreatic @entity420 . METHODS: Archival @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded pancreatic tissues from 10 @entity1 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity420 and from 2 @entity1 with @entity4292 were examined immunohistochemically for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), @entity5400 ( @entity5400 ), procollagen I, collagen IV, and endothelial cell markers, @entity2880 factor and cluster of differentiation 31. RESULTS: In non-neoplastic areas, staining for alpha-SMA and @entity5400 was confined to interlobular septal regions. In contrast, the @entity2269 surrounding all 10 pancreatic @entity420 specimens displayed intense interstitial staining for alpha-SMA, @entity5400 , and collagen IV but no staining for @entity2880 factor and cluster of differentiation 31. Procollagen I staining localized intracellularly to fibroblast-shaped cells within this alpha-SMA/ @entity5400 -positive scirrhous region. @entity4294 demonstrated an increase in alpha-SMA staining, although this was not as marked as in ductal @entity420 . CONCLUSIONS: A massive increase in myofibroblast activity, compatible with the activation of stellate cells, is associated with the deposition of collagen types I and IV in the @entity2269 around pancreatic @entity420 .

Myofibroblasts are responsible for the @entity2269 surrounding XXXX @entity3123 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients'] @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma'] @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis'] @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis'] @entity4294 :: ('MESH:D007516', 'Disease') :: ['Islet cell tumors'] @entity4292 :: ('MESH:C535838', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic islet cell tumors'] @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin'] @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic reaction'] @entity5400 :: ('4629', 'Gene') :: ['SMMHC', 'smooth muscle myosin heavy chain'] @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin'] @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinomas'] @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'ductal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma'] @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']
