@entity1968 (RA) plays a major role in embryogenesis of the nervous system and has been reported to induce differentiation in @entity521 cell lines. To identify RA signaling pathways involved in such differentiation processes, two @entity521 cell lines (LA-N-5 and SH-SY5Y) were extensively studied. Northern blot experiments determined that of the three RAR mRNAs, only @entity4879 was significantly expressed, with respectively weak or undetectable levels of @entity19713 and @entity4882 . RXRs (alpha and beta) receptors were weakly expressed. Western blotting analysis confirmed the constitutive expression of @entity4879 and absence of @entity4882 and weak levels of @entity13351 . Treatment with all-trans-RA up-regulated @entity4879 and induced a drastic increase of @entity4882 (both at the RNA and protein level). To further characterize the function of @entity4879 , @entity4882 and @entity13351 in NB cells, nuclear extracts from LA-N-5 cells were analysed by EMSA studies. Three specific retarded complexes were observed which were significantly decreased or shifted in the presence of monoclonal antibodies to @entity4879 , @entity4882 and @entity13351 . RA treatment dramatically induced a DR5-binding @entity13351 - @entity4882 heterodimer. Treatment with combinations of @entity4879 or @entity4882 agonists with a @entity13351 agonist or with a @entity4879 agonist alone, induced neurite-outgrowth supporting the probability that both @entity13351 - @entity4879 or @entity13351 - @entity4882 heterodimers are involved in RA-mediated differentiation of NB cells. The availability of novel synthetic RA-specific receptor ligands should provide the possibility of tissue specific therapeutic regimes.

Distinct sensitivity of XXXX cells for retinoid receptor agonists: evidence for functional receptor heterodimers.

@entity13351 :: ('6256', 'Gene') :: ['RXRalpha'] @entity4879 :: ('5914', 'Gene') :: ['RARalpha'] @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinoic acid'] @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['RA-sensitive neuroblastoma', 'neuroblastoma'] @entity4882 :: ('5915', 'Gene') :: ['RARbeta'] @entity19713 :: ('5916', 'Gene') :: ['RARgamma']
@entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']
