With the wide acceptance of liver transplantation as a therapeutic alternative in @entity879 ( @entity879 ), the successful management of @entity1 with this syndrome has acquired a new urgency. Topping the list of medical problems is the development of @entity4 . Two decades after the recognition of its importance, @entity2657 and @entity428 still constitute a major cause of @entity204 in these @entity1 . In a more recent classification of @entity879 , @entity2657 was especially prominent in those subjects with "hyperacute @entity177 ," in whom a period of 7 days or less elapsed between the development of @entity1087 and @entity75 . The goal of this review is to discuss two aspects of this clinical problem. On one hand, elucidation of its pathogenesis should lead to a more rational therapeutic approach; such an information would also be valuable to understand the relationship between @entity99 and @entity2657 , a source of controversy. Studies of pathogenic mechanisms are difficult to perform in @entity1 and animal models of @entity879 have proven valuable, as @entity4 can be detected with some regularity. On the other hand, an increasing array of techniques is now available in the intensive care setting to monitor @entity1 with @entity879 . Of these, intracranial pressure monitoring has received the most critical attention. However, concerns with the risks of craniotomy and the need to acquire more dynamic information has led several groups to explore non-invasive methods that evaluate the consequences of @entity428 . Their role, though potentially exciting, is still uncertain.

XXXX and intracranial pressure monitoring.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients'] @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy'] @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema'] @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundice'] @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension'] @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy'] @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure', 'FHF'] @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling'] @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['failure'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death']
@entity2657 :: (MESH:D001929,Disease) :: ['Cerebral edema']
