BACKGROUND: Although the risk of @entity5 in immunosuppressed individuals is significantly higher than in the general population, methods for detecting precancerous @entity24103 have not been well studied in solid-organ transplant recipients. We sought to identify the incidence of @entity24103 in kidney transplant recipients and associated factors that increase the likelihood of @entity1141 . STUDY DESIGN: We prospectively analyzed kidney transplant recipients who had been immunosuppressed for at least 6 months with a functioning allograft. We interviewed willing @entity1 and performed anal cytology sampling and high-resolution anoscopy; if we found microscopic abnormalities, we performed biopsies. We used univariate analysis to measure the association between variables and @entity24103 . RESULTS: Of the 40 @entity1 , 15 were @entity1 and 25 were @entity1 ; their mean age was 61 years. Their median duration of immunosuppression was 5.6 years; 23 (59%) had fewer than 5 lifetime sexual partners, and 2 (5%) reported ever practicing anal intercourse. Of all cytology specimens, 35 (88%) had sufficient cells for interpretation and 2 (6%) demonstrated @entity1141 . We performed biopsies in 11 @entity1 ; 6 had @entity1141 (4 low-grade, 2 high-grade). Of these @entity1 , five had normal anal cytology. The sensitivity of cytology to predict histologic evidence of @entity1141 was 17%. Overall, seven (18%) had @entity1141 according to either cytology or histology specimens; two (5%) had high-grade @entity1141 . We found no significant associations between the tested variables and the presence of @entity1141 . CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of kidney transplant recipients harbor @entity24103 . One time anal cytology sampling was not predictive of histologic findings. Although these findings confirm their high risk for @entity1141 , a larger sample is required to more accurately quantify risk factors for @entity1141 and progression to @entity5 .

XXXX in kidney transplant recipients.

@entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'anal cancer'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men'] @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia'] @entity24103 :: ('MESH:C538254', 'Disease') :: ['anal dysplasia']
@entity24103 :: (MESH:C538254,Disease) :: ['Anal dysplasia']
