BACKGROUND: Adaptive response includes a variety of physiological modifications to face changes in external or internal conditions and adapt to a new situation. The acute phase proteins (APPs) are reactants synthesized against environmental stimuli like stress, @entity281 , @entity32 . METHODS: To delineate the differences in molecular constituents of adaptive response to the environment we performed the whole-blood transcriptome analysis in @entity20733 ( @entity20733 ) and @entity20733 ( @entity20733 ) breeds. For this, 663 @entity20733 and @entity20733 @entity291 from six commercial farms were clustered according to the blood level of APPs. Ten extreme individuals (five @entity32476 + and @entity32476 - variants) from each farm were selected for the RNA-seq using the Illumina sequencing technology. Differentially expressed (DE) genes were analyzed using dynamic impact approach (DIA) and @entity36518 annotation clustering. Milk production data were statistically elaborated to assess the association of @entity32476 + and @entity32476 - gene expression patterns with variations in milk parameters. RESULTS: The overall de novo assembly of cDNA sequence data generated 13,665 genes expressed in @entity291 blood cells. Comparative genomic analysis revealed 1,152 DE genes in the comparison of all @entity32476 + vs. all @entity32476 - variants; 531 and 217 DE genes specific for @entity20733 and @entity20733 comparison respectively. In all comparisons overexpressed genes were more represented than underexpressed ones. @entity36518 analysis revealed 369 DE genes across breeds, 173 and 73 DE genes in @entity20733 and @entity20733 comparison respectively. Among the most impacted pathways for both breeds were @entity2245 metabolism, @entity1501 biosynthesis, @entity1568 metabolism and @entity4722 metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: Both DIA and @entity36518 approaches produced a high number of significantly impacted genes and pathways with a narrow connection to adaptive response in @entity291 with high level of blood APPs. A similar variation in gene expression and impacted pathways between @entity32476 + and @entity32476 - variants was found between two studied breeds. Such similarity was also confirmed by annotation clustering of the DE genes. However, @entity20733 breed showed higher and more differentiated impacts compared to @entity20733 breed and such particular features in the @entity20733 adaptive response could be explained by its higher metabolic activity. Variations of milk production data were significantly associated with @entity32476 + and @entity32476 - gene expression patterns.

Breed and adaptive response modulate XXXX peripheral blood cells' transcriptome.

@entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folate'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen'] @entity2245 :: ('MESH:D025101', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin B6'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection'] @entity36518 :: ('MESH:C537348', 'Disease') :: ['DAVID'] @entity32476 :: ('280722(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['APP'] @entity20733 :: ('MESH:C567787', 'Disease') :: ['Italian Holstein', 'IS', 'IH', 'Italian Simmental'] @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cows', 'bovine'] @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']
@entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']
