UNASSIGNED: Angiogenesis is a limiting factor in regenerating large bone defects. The objective of this study was to investigate angiogenic and osteogenic effects of coculture on @entity78 cement (CPC) scaffold using @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVECs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different origins for the first time. hUVECs were cocultured with four types of cells: @entity1 umbilical cord MSCs (hUCMSCs), @entity1 @entity236 (hBMSCs), and MSCs from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-MSCs) and embryonic stem cells (hESC-MSCs). Constructs were implanted in 8-mm cranial defects of @entity35 for 12  weeks. CPC without cells served as control 1. CPC with hBMSCs served as control 2. Microcapillary-like structures were successfully formed on CPC in vitro in all four cocultured groups. Microcapillary lengths increased with time (p  <  0.05). Osteogenic and angiogenic gene expressions were highly elevated, and mineralization by cocultured cells increased with time (p  <  0.05). New bone amount and blood vessel density of cocultured groups were much greater than controls (p  <  0.05) in an animal study. hUVEC coculture with hUCMSCs, hiPSC-MSCs and hESC-MSCs achieved new bone and vessel density similar to hUVEC coculture with hBMSCs (p  >  0.1). Therefore, hUCMSCs, hiPSC-MSCs and hESC-MSCs could serve as alternative cell sources to hBMSCs which require an invasive procedure to harvest. In conclusion, this study showed for the first time that cocultures of hUVECs with hUCMSCs, hiPSC-MSCs, hESC-MSCs and hBMSCs delivered via CPC scaffold achieved excellent osteogenic and angiogenic capabilities in vivo. The novel coculture constructs are promising for bone reconstruction with improved angiogenesis for @entity2122 .

Angiogenic and osteogenic regeneration in XXXX via @entity78 scaffold and endothelial cell coculture with hBMSCs, hUCMSCs, hiPSC-MSCs and hESC-MSCs.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial/orthopedic applications'] @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats'] @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow MSCs']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']
