A variety of cytokines especially @entity310 and @entity2533 are known to be released in response to high dose radiation of @entity5 . However, these are not normally measurable in systemic circulation unless high levels of these cytokines are produced by @entity5 cells. This study was undertaken to see if circulating levels of these cytokines could be measured in the serum of @entity1 treated with high dose spatially fractionated (GRID) radiation and to correlate the finding of these cytokines with clinical response to treatment. Thirty-four @entity1 (31 @entity1 had single treatment site and 3 @entity1 had 2 treatment sites) treated with spatially fractionated (GRID) radiation were entered in this study. Serum samples were collected before treatment and at 24, 48 and 72 hours after GRID radiation. Sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to estimate the levels of @entity310 and activated @entity2533 proteins. Seven of 37 @entity1 studied had no @entity310 protein before treatment but showed induction of @entity310 after GRID radiation. Three @entity1 showed faint basal level of @entity310 protein before treatment and these levels were induced after treatment. Three @entity1 showed a basal level of @entity310 protein before treatment and these levels decreased after treatment. In 21 cases no @entity310 protein was detected before or after treatment at the time points measured. In the case of @entity2533 protein, 2 @entity1 showed no @entity2533 protein before GRID radiation and an induction of @entity2533 protein was observed after treatment. Seven @entity1 showed basal level of @entity2533 protein prior to treatment and these levels were induced after treatment. Seventeen @entity1 showed a basal level of @entity2533 protein before treatment and these levels decreased after treatment. In 8 cases no @entity2533 protein was detected before or after treatment. Complete clinical response (CR) to GRID therapy was seen in 12/37 (32%) treatment sites and partial response (PR) in 18/37 (49%) treatment sites. A strong correlation was observed between clinical CR rate and @entity310 induction. The rate of CR was 6/10 (60%) in @entity1 where @entity310 was induced as compared to 6/27 (23%) treatment sites in @entity1 where @entity310 induction was not seen (p = 0.029). No significant correlation with CR rate and @entity2533 induction (44% vs. 28%, p = 0.36) was observed. High dose spatially fractionated (GRID) radiation results in significant induction of @entity310 that can be measured in serum of some @entity1 24 72 hours after radiation. Complete @entity5 response strongly correlated with the induction of @entity310 levels in the serum.

The impact of XXXX induction on therapeutic efficacy following high dose spatially fractionated (GRID) radiation.

@entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['TNF-alpha'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'TGF-beta'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']
@entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-alpha']
