@entity68 -induced oxidative injuries in locus coeruleus (LC), a major source of noradrenergic projections in the central nervous system (CNS), were investigated in @entity22292 anesthetized @entity35 . Local infusion of @entity68 dose-dependently elevated lipid peroxidation of @entity68 -infused LC seven days after infusion. At the same time, @entity1063 content in the hippocampus ipsilateral to the @entity68 -infused LC was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Our immunostaining study demonstrated reduced @entity669 hydroxylase-positive neurons in the @entity68 -infused LC, indicating a reduction of neuron number by @entity68 infusion. The involvement of apoptosis in @entity68 -induced oxidative injuries was studied. An abrupt increase in cytosolic cytochrome c content was demonstrated in the infused LC 48 hours after @entity68 infusion. TUNEL-positive cells, an indication of apoptosis, were detected in the @entity68 -infused LC. In an attempt to prevent @entity68 -induced @entity2359 , @entity3875 , an active metabolite of @entity560 , was systemically administered. @entity68 -induced increases in cytosolic cytochrome c and TUNEL-positive cells were reduced by this treatment. Furthermore, systemic administration of @entity3875 attenuated @entity68 -induced oxidative injuries in the infused LC. Our data suggest that local infusion of @entity68 in LC induced oxidative stress and resulted in programmed cell death in the LC-hippocampal noradrenergic system. Furthermore, @entity3875 may be neuroprotective and therapeutic in attenuating @entity68 -induced @entity2359 in CNS.

Systemic @entity3875 attenuated oxidative injuries in the locus coeruleus of XXXX brain.

@entity22292 :: ('MESH:D002697', 'Chemical') :: ['chloral-hydrate'] @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D3'] @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats'] @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine'] @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine'] @entity68 :: ('MESH:D007501', 'Chemical') :: ['iron', 'Iron'] @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']
