In @entity1381 @entity1 , various @entity1381 toxins are accumulated and exert various biologic effects on @entity5507 . @entity6634 (IS) is one of @entity1381 toxins that is derived from dietary protein, and serum levels of IS are markedly increased in both @entity1381 @entity35 and @entity1 . It has been previously reported that the accumulation of IS promotes the progression of @entity177 ( @entity177 ). This study demonstrates the role of @entity35 organic anion transporters (rOATs) in the transport of IS and the induction of its nephrotoxicity. The administration of IS to 5/6-nephrectomized @entity35 caused a faster progression of @entity177 , and immunohistochemistry revealed that IS was detected in the proximal and distal tubules where @entity15822 (proximal tubules) and/or @entity15823 (proximal and distal tubules) were also shown to be localized. In in vitro study, the proximal tubular cells derived from @entity19 that stably express @entity15822 (S2 @entity15822 ) and @entity15823 (S2 @entity15823 ) were established. IS inhibited organic anion uptake by S2 @entity15822 and S2 @entity15823 , and the Ki values were 34.2 and 74.4 microM, respectively. Compared with mock, S2 @entity15822 and S2 @entity15823 exhibited higher levels of IS uptake, which was inhibited by probenecid and @entity9234 , organic anion transport inhibitors. The addition of IS induced a decrease in the viability of S2 @entity15822 and S2 @entity15823 as compared with the mock, which was rescued by probenecid. These results suggest that @entity15822 and @entity15823 play an important role in the transcellular transport of IS and the induction of its nephrotoxicity.

Role of organic anion transporters in the tubular transport of XXXX and the induction of its nephrotoxicity.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse'] @entity15822 :: ('29509(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['rOAT1'] @entity5507 :: ('MESH:D014511', 'Disease') :: ['uremia'] @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['cilastatin'] @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF'] @entity15823 :: ('83500(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['rOAT3'] @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['uremic'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'rats'] @entity6634 :: ('MESH:D007200', 'Chemical') :: ['Indoxyl sulfate']
@entity6634 :: (MESH:D007200,Chemical) :: ['indoxyl sulfate']
