@entity4878 , the synthetic derivates of @entity904 , have a key role on cellular differentiation and developmental tissue specificity. Their effects are mediated by nuclear receptors which transactivate homeobox genes. They are teratogenic to animals and they all induce similar malformations dependent on the dose and the duration of exposure. This is a review of the teratogenic effects of @entity904 and its synthetic derivates-- @entity10211 , @entity19570 and topical @entity4878 --in @entity1 . High dose @entity904 have a potent teratogenic effect and are therefore contra-indicated during pregnancy. @entity10211 is responsible for a syndrome including @entity3002 , heart and thymus, together with @entity2122 . The incidence rate is high and comparable to @entity2816 (ie, 25%). This high teratogenic potency justifies a strict limitation of such a prescription in @entity1 susceptible to become pregnant. @entity19570 , which replaces etretinate because of its long half life of 120 days, might also be teratogenic in @entity1 . In addition, it may be back transformed into etretinate, thus contraindicating pregnancy for 2 years after withdrawal. Finally, despite a low percutaneous resorption, available data on the use of @entity4878 as topicals are limited and their use during pregnancy is therefore not recommended. Although they are efficient in @entity272 , the use of @entity4878 in @entity1 of the @entity1 bearing age is very limited because of their potent teratogenic effect.

[Teratogenic effects of XXXX and its derivates].

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'women', 'humans'] @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial defects'] @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids', 'Retinoids'] @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide'] @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A'] @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['malformations of the central nervous system'] @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases'] @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin', 'Isotretinoin'] @entity19570 :: ('CHEBI:50173', 'Chemical') :: ['acitretine', 'Acitretine']
@entity904 :: (MESH:D014801,Chemical) :: ['vitamin A']
