The outgrowth of the ureteric bud from the posterior nephric duct epithelium and the subsequent invasion of the bud into the metanephric mesenchyme initiate the process of metanephric, or adult kidney, development. The receptor @entity669 kinase @entity8958 and @entity6352 ( @entity6352 ) form a signaling complex that is essential for ureteric bud growth and branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud epithelium. We demonstrate that @entity5449 expression in the metanephric mesenchyme is independent of induction by the ureteric bud. @entity5449 mutants are deficient in ureteric bud outgrowth and do not express @entity6352 in the uninduced metanephric mesenchyme. Furthermore, @entity5449 mutant mesenchyme is unresponsive to induction by wild-type heterologous inducers. In normal embryos, @entity6352 is sufficient to induce @entity1698 buds in the posterior nephric duct, a process inhibited by @entity13062 . However, @entity6352 replacement in organ culture is not sufficient to stimulate ureteric bud outgrowth from @entity5449 mutant nephric ducts, indicating additional defects in the nephric duct epithelium of @entity5449 mutants. @entity5449 can activate expression of @entity6352 in cell lines derived from embryonic metanephroi. Furthermore, @entity5449 protein can bind to upstream regulatory elements within the @entity6352 promoter region and can transactivate expression of reporter genes. Thus, activation of @entity6352 by @entity5449 coordinates the position and outgrowth of the ureteric bud such that kidney development can begin.

Regulation of ureteric bud outgrowth by XXXX -dependent activation of the glial derived neurotrophic factor gene.

@entity8958 :: ('5979', 'Gene') :: ['RET'] @entity6352 :: ('2668', 'Gene') :: ['glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor', 'GDNF'] @entity13062 :: ('652', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein 4'] @entity5449 :: ('5076', 'Gene') :: ['Pax2'] @entity1698 :: ('MESH:D014516', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic ureter'] @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']
@entity5449 :: (5076,Gene) :: ['Pax2']
