AIM: To investigate endoscopic therapy efficacy for refractory @entity253 ( @entity253 ) with multiple biliary stenting and clarify predictors. METHODS: Ten consecutive @entity1 with stones in the pancreatic head and @entity253 due to chronic @entity788 who underwent endoscopic therapy were evaluated. Endoscopic insertion of a single stent failed in all @entity1 . We used plastic stents (7F, 8.5F, and 10F) and increased stents at intervals of 2 or 3 mo. Stents were removed approximately 1 year after initial stenting. @entity253 and common bile duct (CBD) diameter were evaluated using cholangiography. @entity1 were followed for >=  6 mo after therapy, interviewed for @entity1448 symptoms, and underwent liver function testing every visit. @entity1 with complete and incomplete stricture dilations were compared. RESULTS: Endoscopic therapy was completed in 8 (80%) @entity1 , whereas 2 (20%) @entity1 could not continue therapy because of severe acute @entity255 and @entity6177 , respectively. The mean number of stents was 4.1    1.2. In two (20%) @entity1 , @entity253 did not improve; thus, a biliary stent was inserted. @entity253 improved in six (60%) @entity1 . CBD diameter improved more significantly in the complete group than in the incomplete group (6.1    1.8 mm vs 13.7    2.2 mm, respectively, P = 0.010). Stricture length was significantly associated with complete stricture dilation (complete group; 20.5    3.0 mm, incomplete group; 29.0    5.1 mm, P = 0.011). @entity697 did not recur during the mean follow-up period of 20.6    7.3 mo. CONCLUSION: Sequential endoscopic insertion of multiple stents is effective for refractory @entity253 caused by chronic calcifying @entity788 . @entity253 length calculation can improve @entity1 selection procedure for therapy.

Efficacy of multiple biliary stenting for refractory XXXX due to chronic calcifying @entity788 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis'] @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute cholangitis'] @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal abscess'] @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis'] @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['benign biliary strictures', 'BBS'] @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']
@entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['benign biliary strictures']
