PURPOSE: Intraoperative radiotherapy has been used for local control of locally advanced @entity5 . The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of intraoperative radiotherapy for curatively resected @entity5 . METHODS: Between 1982 and 1998, intraoperative radiotherapy was administered in combination with curative resection in 78 @entity1 with @entity420 of the middle or lower third of the rectum (intraoperative radiotherapy group). Sixty-two of the @entity1 had received preoperative radiotherapy with 20 Gy. Intraoperative radiotherapy was performed by a new strategy in which an electron beam was administered as uniformly as possible to the entire dissected surface of the pelvis. Retrospective comparisons were made with 248 @entity1 treated by surgery alone during the same period (non-intraoperative radiotherapy group). RESULTS: The differences in @entity5 stage or surgical procedures between the two groups were not statistically significant. Survival, disease-free survival, and local recurrence-free survival in the intraoperative radiotherapy group were significantly more favorable than in the non-intraoperative radiotherapy group (P = 0.01, P = 0.04, and P = 0.02). Differences in survival were observed in Stage II @entity1 but not in Stage I or Stage III @entity1 . The local failure rate was 2.6 percent in the intraoperative radiotherapy group and 11.3 percent in the non-intraoperative radiotherapy group, and the difference was significant (P = 0.02). The distant metastasis rate was 18.0 percent in the intraoperative radiotherapy group and 19.5 percent in the non-intraoperative radiotherapy group, and the difference was not significant. There was a significantly higher rate of wound infection in the intraoperative radiotherapy group, but no infections were serious. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity420 of the middle or lower third of the rectum, intraoperative radiotherapy to the entire dissected surface of the pelvis reduced local recurrence in Stage II and Stage III @entity1 and improved survival in Stage II @entity1 .

Intraoperative radiation therapy for curatively resected XXXX .

@entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']
@entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']
