STUDY QUESTION: What are the chances of a couple with @entity249 due to @entity3893 ( @entity3893 ) having their genetically own @entity1 by testicular sperm extraction combined with ICSI (TESE-ICSI)? SUMMARY ANSWER: Candidate TESE-ICSI @entity1 with @entity3893 should be counselled that, when followed-up longitudinally, only a minority (13.4%) of @entity1 embarking for TESE eventually become a biological father. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Data available in the literature are only fragmentary because they report either on sperm retrieval rates after TESE or on the outcome of ICSI once testicular spermatozoa has been obtained, mostly in a selected subpopulation. Unfortunately, reliable data to counsel @entity1 with @entity3893 on their chance to become a biological father are still lacking. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: This is a retrospective cohort study performed in the Centre for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Brussel, approved by the institutional review board of the hospital. @entity1 /MATERIALS, SETTING AND METHODS: We identified all @entity1 with @entity3893 , based on histology, who had their first testicular biopsy between 1994 and 2009. @entity1 were followed longitudinally during consecutive ICSI cycles with testicular sperm. The primary outcome measure was live birth delivery. The cumulative live birth delivery rate was calculated, based only on ICSI cycles with testicular sperm (fresh and/or frozen) available for injection. When @entity1 delivered after transfer of supernumerary frozen embryos, this delivery was tallied up to the (unsuccessful) original fresh ICSI cycle. The sperm retrieval rate and pregnancy rate were secondary outcome measures. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Among the 714 @entity1 with @entity3893 , 40.5% had successful sperm retrieval at their first TESE. In total, 261 couples had 444 ICSI cycles and 48 frozen embryo transfer cycles, leading to 129 pregnancies and 96 live birth deliveries. Crude and expected cumulative delivery rates after six ICSI cycles were 37 and 78%. LIMITATIONS AND REASON FOR CAUTION: A retrospective cohort study design was the only way to study the cumulative delivery rate after TESE-ICSI in couples with @entity3893 . Intrinsic limitations are related to the observational study design. WIDER IMPLICATION OF THE FINDING: TESE-ICSI is a breakthrough in the treatment of @entity249 due to @entity3893 , with almost 4 out of 10 (37%) couples having ICSI obtaining a delivery. However, unselected candidate @entity3893 @entity1 should be counselled, before undergoing TESE, that only one out of seven @entity1 (13.4%) eventually father their genetically own @entity1 . STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS: None declared.

How successful is TESE-ICSI in couples with XXXX ?

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'child', 'men'] @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility'] @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['non-obstructive azoospermia', 'NOA']
@entity3893 :: (MESH:D053713,Disease) :: ['non-obstructive azoospermia']
