UNASSIGNED: @entity7227 ( @entity10155 ) has long been used in two-thirds of permanent oxidative hair dye formulations. Epidemiological studies and in vivo studies have shown that hair dye is a suspected carcinogen of @entity150 . However, the @entity137 effects of @entity10155 to @entity1 bladder remains elusive. In this study, the effects of @entity10155 and its involvement in the apoptosis pathways in @entity1 urothelial cells (UROtsa) was investigated. It was demonstrated that @entity10155 decreased cell viability and increased the number of sub-G1 hypodiploid cells in UROtsa cells. Cell death due to apoptosis was detected using @entity4404 binding assay. Further analysis showed @entity10155 generated reactive @entity26 species (ROS), induced @entity2383 through the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased @entity522 level in UROtsa cells. Western blot analysis of @entity10155 -treated UROtsa cells showed down-regulation of phosphorylated proteins from NF-kB, @entity3470 , and Wnt pathways. In conclusion, @entity10155 induced apoptosis via activation of ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway, and possibly through inhibition of NF-kB, @entity3470 , and Wnt pathways.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2016.

@entity7227 induces apoptosis through activation of reactive XXXX species-mediated mitochondrial pathway, and inhibition of the NF-kB, @entity3470 , and Wnt pathways in @entity1 urothelial cells.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity'] @entity522 :: ('836', 'Gene') :: ['caspase-3'] @entity4404 :: ('308', 'Gene') :: ['Annexin V'] @entity7227 :: ('MESH:C029728', 'Chemical') :: ['para-Phenylenediamine'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity3470 :: ('21977(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['mTOR'] @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer'] @entity10155 :: ('MESH:D014373', 'Chemical') :: ['PPD']
@entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']
