BACKGROUND: Appropriate selection for further investigation of @entity1 presenting in primary care with symptoms that may indicate @entity5 is key to early diagnosis. AIM: To quantify the risk of @entity3484 in @entity1 presenting in primary care with symptoms that may indicate @entity150 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review of studies relating to @entity150 in primary care. METHOD: Databases searched were MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science (SCI and SSCI), and ISI Proceedings from 1980 to August 2014, and PsycINFO (1980-2012) and BioMed Central (inception to 2012) for retrospective, prospective, or case-control diagnostic accuracy studies of symptomatic @entity1 presenting to primary care with one or more symptoms for whom follow-up data were available. The target conditions were @entity150 . The studies were appraised using the QUADAS-2 tool. RESULTS: Eleven studies with 3 451 675 @entity1 were included. The positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) from meta-analysis of visible haematuria was 5.1% in adult @entity1 . It increased with age and was higher in males. The PPVs of other single symptoms were very low, with the highest non-haematuria @entity2286 being 1.4% for @entity417 in males. Fewer data were available on the PPVs of symptom combinations. Generally, these data showed that, with the exception of symptom combinations including haematuria, these were very low. CONCLUSION: The only high-risk feature of @entity150 in primary care was visible haematuria, and this clearly warrants investigation. However, not all @entity1 with one of these @entity5 experience haematuria, so a policy restricting investigation to @entity1 with haematuria will inevitably delay the diagnosis in some @entity1 .

The association between symptoms and XXXX in primary care: a systematic review.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract cancer'] @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anaemia'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer'] @entity2286 :: ('12211', 'Species') :: ['PPV'] @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder or renal cancer', 'bladder/renal cancer']
@entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder or renal tract cancer']
