@entity25551 produces parasporal insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) that have larvicidal activity against some members of the order Diptera, such as blackflies and mosquitoes. Hydrolysis of the ICPs in the larval gut results in four major proteins with a molecular mass of 27, 65, 128, and 135 kDa. @entity137 is caused by synergistic interaction between the 25-kDa protein (proteolytic product of the 27-kDa protein) and one or more of the higher-molecular-mass proteins. Equilibrium adsorption of the proteins on the clay minerals @entity6638 and @entity4563 , which are homoionic to various cations, was rapid (<30 min for maximal adsorption), increased with protein concentration and then reached a plateau (68 to 96% of the proteins was adsorbed), was significantly lower on @entity4563 than on @entity6638 , and was not significantly affected by the valence of the cation to which the clays were homoionic. Binding of the toxins decreased as the pH was increased from 6 to 11, and there was 35 to 66% more binding in @entity1391 buffer at pH 6 than in distilled water at pH 6 or 7.2. Only 2 to 12% of the adsorbed proteins was desorbed by two washes with water; additional washings desorbed no more toxins, indicating that they were tightly bound. Formation of clay-toxin complexes did not alter the structure of the proteins, as indicated by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis of the equilibrium supernatants and desorption washes and by dot blot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the complexes, which was confirmed by enhanced chemiluminescence Western blot analysis. Free and clay-bound toxins resulted in 85 to 100% mortality of the mosquito @entity10722 . Persistence of the bound toxins in nonsterile water after 45 days was significantly greater (mortality of 63% +/- 12.7%) than that of the free toxins (mortality of 25% +/- 12.5%).

Activity of free and clay-bound insecticidal proteins from XXXX against the mosquito @entity10722 .

@entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity'] @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate'] @entity4563 :: ('MESH:D007616', 'Chemical') :: ['kaolinite'] @entity10722 :: ('7175', 'Species') :: ['Culex pipiens'] @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate'] @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide'] @entity6638 :: ('MESH:D001546', 'Chemical') :: ['montmorillonite'] @entity25551 :: ('1430', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis']
@entity25551 :: (1430,Species) :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis']
