We investigated the effects of global system for mobile communication (GSM) microwave exposure on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier using a calibrated microwave exposure system in the 900 MHz band. @entity35 were restrained in a carousel of circularly arranged plastic tubes and sham-exposed or microwave irradiated for a duration of 4 h at specific brain absorption rates (SAR) ranging from 0.3 to 7.5 W/kg. The extravasation of proteins was assessed either at the end of exposure or 7 days later in three to five coronal brain slices by immunohistochemical staining of serum @entity21787 . As a positive control two @entity35 were subjected to @entity130 . In the brains of freely moving control @entity35 (n = 20) only one spot of extravasated serum @entity21787 could be detected in one animal. In the sham-exposed control group (n = 20) three animals exhibited a total of 4 extravasations. In animals irradiated for 4 h at SAR of 0.3, 1.5 and 7.5 W/kg (n = 20 in each group) five out of the ten animals of each group killed at the end of the exposure showed 7, 6 and 14 extravasations, respectively. In the ten animals of each group killed 7 days after exposure, the total number of extravasations was 2, 0 and 1, respectively. The increase in serum @entity21787 extravasations after microwave exposure reached significance only in the group exposed to the highest SAR of 7.5 W/kg but not at the lower intensities. Histological injury was not observed in any of the examined brains. Compared to other pathological conditions with increased blood-brain barrier permeability such as @entity130 , the here observed serum @entity21787 extravasations are very modest and, moreover, reversible. Microwave exposure in the frequency and intensity range of mobile telephony is unlikely to produce pathologically significant changes of the blood-brain barrier permeability.

Effect of global system for mobile communication (GSM) microwave exposure on blood-brain barrier permeability in XXXX .

@entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Rats', 'rats'] @entity21787 :: ('24186(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['albumin'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cold injury']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']
