BACKGROUND: @entity2772 ( @entity2772 ) and @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) have synergistic, hematopoietic growth-promoting activity in preclinical studies. Because of the paucity of effective therapies for @entity1 with chronic @entity2131 states, the authors studied the biologic activity of sequential @entity2772 / @entity2841 in such @entity1 . METHODS: @entity2772 was given subcutaneously for 5 days (at escalating doses of 0.15 microg/kg, 0.3 microg/kg, 0.6 microg/kg, 1.2 microg/kg, 2.5 microg/kg, 5.0 microg/kg, 10.0 microg/kg, or 15.0 microg/kg per day), and @entity2841 for was given subcutaneously for 9 days (at a dose of 5 microg/kg per day; Phase I 3 + 3 design) followed by 14 days of rest (total, 2 courses), then maintenance therapy. RESULTS: The majority of 38 evaluable @entity1 had @entity2150 or @entity2590 . Most @entity1 (79%) had neutrophil responses. Ten @entity1 (26%), all of whom were treated with @entity2772 doses >/= 1.2 microg/kg per day, had platelet responses, with a median increase of 132 x 10(9)/L (range, 41-180 x 10(9)/L) over baseline in responders. Six @entity1 (16%) had trilineage recovery, which could be durable (the longest ongoing at 6.5 years after therapy completion). The most common @entity137 were low-grade fever, @entity10 , and @entity1295 . The maximum tolerated doses were @entity2772 at 10 microg/kg per day and @entity2841 at 5 microg/kg per day. CONCLUSIONS: Sequential @entity2772 / @entity2841 effectively raised blood counts in some @entity1 with @entity2131 at doses that were tolerated well. These results indicate that early-acting growth factors can induce durable, multilineage responses in a subset of individuals with @entity2131 .

XXXX therapy in @entity1 with @entity2131 with long-term follow-up of responses.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities'] @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia'] @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome'] @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue'] @entity2772 :: ('3562', 'Gene') :: ['IL-3', 'Interleukin-3'] @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache'] @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure'] @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']
@entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['Sequential interleukin 3 and granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor']
