The use of @entity4799 (CS) cement holds great promise for bone substitute biomaterials. However, the effects of CS on osteoblast and macrophage cells are not fully understood. This study examines cell proliferation and differentiation of mono- or co-cultured @entity19 and Raw 264.7 cells on CS cement. Very few studies to date have looked at the effects of osteoblast and macrophages on biomaterial-regulated osteogenesis. In this study the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1, Raw 264.7 and co-cultured MC3T3-E1/Raw 264.7 on CS cements have been analyzed using a PrestoBlue kit and ELISA. In addition, the effect of macrophages on CS-coordinated osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 has been investigated. Results show that MC3T3-E1, Raw 264.7 and co-cultured MC3T3-E1/Raw 264.7 adhere to and proliferate well on the CS cement. In a co-culture, the CS cements inhibit receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand expression of both genes and proteins in Raw 264.7 cells when compared to those grown in mono-cultured system. Ca deposition of MC3T3-E1 in the co-culture is higher than that of cells in a mono-culture. @entity8385 ( @entity8385 ) is also significantly up-regulated by the CS cement stimulation, indicating that macrophages may participate in the CS stimulated osteogenesis. Interestingly, when macrophage are cultured with @entity8385 receptor-blocking MC3T3-E1 on the CS cements, the osteogenesis differentiation of the cells is significantly inhibited, indicating the important role of macrophages in biomaterial-induced osteogenesis via @entity8385 receptors. It is assumed that it is an increase in the secretion of the @entity8385 from the Raw 264.7 cell that is primarily involved in the promotion of the osteogenesis of the MC3T3-E1. These results provide valuable insights into both the mechanism of CS-stimulated osteogenesis, and strategies to optimize the evaluation system for the in vitro osteogenesis capacity of bone substitute biomaterials.

Macrophage-mediated osteogenesis activation in co-culture with osteoblast on XXXX cement.

@entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['MC3T3-E1'] @entity4799 :: ('MESH:C031293', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium silicate'] @entity8385 :: ('12156(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['BMP2', 'Bone morphogenetic protein 2']
@entity4799 :: (MESH:C031293,Chemical) :: ['calcium silicate']
