BACKGROUND AND AIM: In order to investigate gender differences in health indices, dietary intakes and @entity28 in urban Iranian adults, we considered a sub-sample of the adult population of the Tehran Lipid and @entity413 Study. METHODS AND RESULTS: The randomly selected sub-sample consisted of 483 subjects aged 25-50 years (229 @entity1 and 254 @entity1 ) and 153 aged more than 50 years (81 @entity1 and 72 @entity1 ). Their anthropometrical variables were recorded, and their body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio were calculated. Dietary intake was assessed by means of two-day dietary recall and the completion of dietary habit questionnaires during face-to-face interviews. Underreporting was defined as a ratio of energy intake (EI)/basal metabolic rate (BMR) < 1.27. The mean BMI of the @entity1 in both age groups was significantly higher than that of the @entity1 (p < 0.05). @entity1144 was more frequent in the @entity1 and among older subjects. The @entity1 had higher plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , but lower levels of total and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 . Underreporting of EI was more frequent in the @entity1 than the @entity1 : 34.0% vs 15.4% in the younger group, and 40.3% vs 17.3% in the older group (p < 0.01). There were major gender differences in the mean daily intakes of energy, protein, @entity1735 , fat, fibre, @entity165 , @entity68 , @entity460 and @entity3151 . A higher proportion of @entity1 met the @entity165 intake guidelines. Data from the dietary habit questionnaires showed that more @entity1 than @entity1 usually sprinkle salt on their food. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study partially support the hypothesis of gender differences in dietary intakes, and the prevalence of @entity28 and some health-related indices, and suggest the need for gender-specific, targeted nutrition messages and behavioural interventions in developing prevention strategies for cardiovascular risk factors.

Gender differences in dietary intakes, anthropometrical measurements and biochemical indices in an urban adult population: the Tehran Lipid and XXXX Study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'men'] @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity'] @entity68 :: ('MESH:D007501', 'Chemical') :: ['iron'] @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate'] @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['Central obesity'] @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium'] @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose'] @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']
@entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']
