BACKGROUND: Since anatomical lung resection by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) was first introduced, VATS has played a major @entity2 . However, conversion to thoracotomy is a major concern because an unexpected thoracotomy increases the risk of potentially adverse outcomes. Therefore, we compared @entity1 who were and were not converted to thoracotomy and identified the risk factors for thoracotomy conversion. METHODS: Between January 2005 and December 2013, 69 of 1,110 VATS lobectomies for @entity2 required an unexpected conversion to thoracotomy. Each converted @entity1 was individually matched to 3 randomly selected nonconverted @entity1 based on date of operation, type of operation, and pathologic stage. RESULTS: The most common cause of conversion was fibrocalcified lymph nodes, found in 28 @entity1 (40.6%), followed by @entity1317 in 20, @entity5 invasion or extension in 11, @entity456 in 5, incomplete interlobar fissure in 3, and failure of single-lung ventilation in 2. The differences in @entity260 and in-hospital deaths were not significant; however, @entity1576 were significantly more common in the conversion group (p  = 0.012). The  independent risk factors for conversion were age 65 years and older, forced expiratory volume in 1 second of less than 1.8 L, and the presence of fibrocalcified lymph nodes on preoperative chest computed tomography. CONCLUSIONS: Unexpected conversion to thoracotomy during @entity2 does not appear to increase overall surgical morbidity and mortality. However, with high-risk @entity1 , the surgeon requires careful selection for VATS candidate. Also, if necessary, the decision to convert must be made promptly to reduce possible critical @entity1576 .

Analysis of Unexpected Conversion to Thoracotomy During Thoracoscopic Lobectomy in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'VATS lobectomy in lung cancer', 'role in lung cancer'] @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['overall postoperative complications'] @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications'] @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury'] @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural adhesion']
@entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Cancer']
