The aim of this study was to determine the optimal route of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation. To this end, gene expression profiling was performed to compare the effects of intratracheal (i.t.) versus intravenous (i.v.) MSC administration. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of each route to protect against @entity651 was also determined. Newborn @entity35 were exposed to @entity871 (90% @entity26 ) from birth for 14 days. @entity1 umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs labeling with @entity13214 were transplanted through either the i.t. (5*10(5)) or i.v. (2*10(6)) route at postnatal day (P) 5. At @entity7817 , lungs were harvested for histological, biochemical and microarray analyses. Hyperoxic conditions induced an increase in the mean linear intercept and mean alveolar volume (MAV), indicative of impaired alveolarization. The number of ED-1 positive cells was significantly decreased by both i.t. and i.v. transplantations. However, i.t. administration of MSCs resulted in a greater decrease in MAV and ED-1 positive cells compared to i.v. administration. Moreover, the number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly decreased in the i.t. group, but not in the i.v. group. Although the i.t. group received only one fourth of the number of MSCs that the i.v. group did, a significantly higher number of donor cell-derived red @entity13214 positivity were recovered in the i.t. group. Hyperoxic conditions induced the up regulation of genes associated with the inflammatory response, such as macrophage inflammatory protein-1 a, @entity5 @entity39 factor-a and inter leukin-6; genes associated with cell death, such as @entity876 and caspases; and genes associated with @entity82 , such as connective tissue growth factor. In contrast, hyperoxic conditions induced the dwon-regulation of @entity7 and hepatocyte growth factor. These @entity871 -induced changes in gene expression were decreased in the i.t. group, but not in the i.v. group. Thus, local i.t. MSC transplantation was more effective than systemic i.v. MSC administration in protecting against @entity651 .

Optimal Route for @entity1 Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation to Protect Against XXXX : Gene Expression Profiles and Histopathology.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Human'] @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis'] @entity7817 :: ('11102', 'Gene') :: ['P14'] @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis'] @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor'] @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hyperoxic lung injury'] @entity876 :: ('7157', 'Gene') :: ['p53'] @entity13214 :: ('MESH:C070080', 'Chemical') :: ['PKH26', 'PKH 26'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']
@entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['Neonatal Hyperoxic Lung Injury']
