We investigated the effect of hyperbaric @entity26 therapy (HBOT) on @entity35 muscles during tibial distraction osteogenesis (DO) at normal and hyperdistraction rates. Animals in groups 1 and 2 were distracted by 0.5mm/day and those in groups 3 and 4 by 1mm/day. Groups 2 and 4 received HBOT during distraction. Group 5 served as control. @entity224 dismutase (SOD; U/g protein), @entity1234 (nmol/g protein), @entity2041 (mmol/g protein), and protein levels (g/dl) were determined. SOD was significantly higher in group 2 (4.59  0.97) than in controls (2.19  0.7) (P=0.0001), and lower in group 4 (3.74  1.70) than in group 2 (P=0.011). @entity1234 was significantly higher in group 2 (0.72  0.23) than in controls (0.38  0.10) (P=0.005). Total protein levels were better preserved with HBOT in distracted muscles: group 2 (3.24  0.37) vs. group 1 (1.88  0.60), and group 4 (3.45  0.70) vs. group 3 (2.03  0.75) (both P=0.0001). Numbers of fibres were lower in group 1 (4.88  0.59) than in group 2 (6.07  0.86), and in group 3 (5.13  0.36) than in group 4 (6.14  0.74) (both P=0.001). Numbers of nuclei were higher in group 1 (11.29  2.47) than in group 2 (9.03  1.53) (P=0.04), and in group 3 (12.43  3.32) than in group 4 (9.08  1.58) (P=0.001). Fibres and nuclei with HBOT were similar to those of controls. HBOT decreased the inflammatory cell infiltrate for group 1 (19.8  8.54) vs. group 2 (4.2  2.53) and group 3 (36.54  11.29) vs. group 4 (21.5  9.23) (both P=0.001). HBOT improves the adaptation of distracted muscle by increasing fibres and antioxidants while decreasing inflammation.

Effects of hyperbaric @entity26 therapy on biochemical and histological parameters of muscle groups in proximity to the distracted XXXX tibia.

@entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione'] @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['Malondialdehyde', 'malondialdehyde'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat'] @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['Superoxide']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']
