The smaller venous capacitance in @entity1 and small @entity1 may hamper transvenous @entity1479 lead implantation, and epicardial approaches require thoracotomy and have associated complications. The study evaluated the feasibility and performance of subcutaneous arrays and active can ICDs without transvenous shocking coils or epicardial patches. An immature and mature @entity1707 were anesthetized and ventilated. A pacing lead was inserted in the right ventricle for fibrillation induction and rate sensing. Subcutaneous arrays were positioned in the right and left chest walls. An @entity1479 emulator was placed in abdominal and prepectoral pockets. Fluoroscopic images were acquired for each electrical vector configuration ( @entity69615 , can --> array, array --> array, array + array --> can). @entity2224 was induced and DFT testing performed. Defibrillation was achieved in all ten trials in the immature piglet, with DFT < or = 9 J, regardless of vector configuration. Using a single subcutaneous array and active can, the shock impedance ranged from 28-36 ohms. With two arrays, shocking impedance fell to 15-22 ohms. In the adult @entity1707 , defibrillation was not accomplished with maximum energy of 40 J, using all vector configurations. Using data garnered from these experiments, this technique was then successfully performed in a 2-year-old @entity1 with VT and repaired @entity299 , needing an @entity1479 . This study demonstrates the feasibility of @entity1479 implantation in an immature animal and successful implementation in a small @entity1 . A single subcutaneous array and active can resulted in excellent implant characteristics and DFTs with a minimally invasive approach. Defibrillation was not possible in a larger animal, possibly due to maximal available energy. This may be of value for small @entity1 requiring @entity1479 implantation.

Minimally invasive cardioverter defibrillator implantation for XXXX : an animal model and pediatric case report.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'child'] @entity1707 :: ('9823', 'Species') :: ['pig'] @entity1479 :: ('OMIM:252500', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'leadless ICD'] @entity69615 :: ('array --> can', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['array --> can'] @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular fibrillation'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']
