This study investigated the distribution of metabotropic @entity2227 receptors (mGluRs) in meningeal and parenchymal microvasculature and in choroid plexus by means of Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Western blot analysis demonstrated mGluR expression in both @entity35 and @entity1 leptomeningeal tissues. In the @entity35 , mGluR expression was developmentally regulated, with only @entity9449 /3 showing expression at the embryonic day 19 developmental stage. In contrast, @entity9446 alpha, @entity9448 , mGluR4a, and @entity9447 were expressed in leptomeninges from adult @entity35 . Immunohistochemical analyses showed intense @entity9446 alpha immunoreactivity in the pia mater and blood vessels in the subarachnoid space and in the arachnoid layer of the meninges. @entity9449 /3, mGluR4a, @entity10092 , and @entity9447 were also expressed in meningeal microvasculature. In addition, the parenchymal microvasculature and choroid plexus were strongly immunoreactive for @entity9446 alpha, @entity9448 , mGluR4a, @entity10092 , and @entity9447 . We used antibodies specific for phenotypic markers of microvascular and glial cells to characterize the cell type(s) immunopositive for mGluRs. Comparison of staining with @entity2880 factor antibody and anti-mGluR antibodies revealed that mGluR immunoreactivity was present in cells that surrounded the luminal surface labeled by the endothelial cell marker. In these cells, smooth muscle actin and mGluR immunoreactivity overlapped, suggesting that, in addition to endothelial cells, pericytes within the microvasculature also express mGluRs. Furthermore, expression of @entity9446 alpha was also observed in pure pericyte cultures isolated from @entity291 retina. These data suggest that @entity2227 by means of activation of mGluRs may have a broad sphere of physiological influence in the brain which in addition to modulating synaptic transmission may also have a role in determining microvascular function and dysfunction.

Expression of metabotropic @entity2227 receptors in XXXX meningeal and brain microvasculature and choroid plexus.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate'] @entity9447 :: ('108068(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['mGluR7'] @entity9448 :: ('108068;108069;14800;53623', 'Gene') :: ['mGluR2/3'] @entity10092 :: ('14805(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['mGluR5'] @entity9446 :: ('14799(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['mGluR1'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'rats'] @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['bovine'] @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['anti-von Willebrand'] @entity9449 :: ('14800(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['mGluR2']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']
