BACKGROUND: As the benefits of extemporaneous transplantation (Tx) of fresh (unfractionated) autologous bone marrow (BM) have been primarily studied in the setting of acute @entity583 , we assessed whether this approach could be effective for regenerating chronically @entity1188 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity583 was created in 18 @entity742 by ligation of circumflex arterial branches. Three weeks later, BM was aspirated from the iliac crest, washed, labeled with the fluorescent dye Dil and reinjected (mean: 422 x 10(6) cells in 3 mL) in 10 sites across the infarcted area through the reopened thoracotomy (n=9). Nine controls received culture medium. Left ventricular (LV) function was assessed before and 2 months after Tx by two-dimensional echocardiography whereas transmural velocity gradients were measured using M-mode tissue Doppler imaging at the center of the infarcted/grafted area. @entity406 -fixed hearts were processed for the detection of grafted cells and angiogenesis. LV ejection fraction deteriorated similarly in the Tx and control groups (from 42+/-5% to 30+/-4% and from 40+/-4% to 31+/-1%, respectively; P=0.86). Likewise, BM Tx failed to prevent @entity5988 and impairment of the global wall motion score. The decrease in regional systolic velocity gradients (s(-1)) featured a similar pattern (Tx group: from 0.77+/-0.11 to 0.31+/-0.07; control group: from 0.73+/-0.10 to 0.50+/-0.07; P=0.06). Histologically, there was neither BM tissue engraftment, except for a few scattered Dil-positive macrophages in the infarcted fibrotic areas nor transdifferentiation of BM cells into endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: These data caution against the functional efficacy of extemporaneous Tx of fresh unfractionated BM into postinfarction scars.

Transplantation of autologous fresh bone marrow into XXXX : a word of caution.

@entity742 :: ('9940', 'Species') :: ['sheep'] @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['LV dilatation'] @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['Formalin'] @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted myocardium'] @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']
@entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarcted myocardium']
