Several structural @entity75 have been reported in @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 ). However, the etiology of these brain changes is still unclear. To investigate genetic and environmental influences on @entity71 related neurobiological changes, we performed Voxel-Based Morphometry on MRI scans from monozygotic (MZ) twins selected from a large longitudinal population database to be highly concordant or highly discordant for ratings on the @entity1 Behavior Checklist Attention Problem scale (CBCL-AP). @entity1 scoring low on the CBCL-AP are at low risk for @entity71 , whereas @entity1 scoring high on this scale are at high-risk for @entity71 . Brain differences between concordant high-risk twin pairs and concordant low-risk twin pairs likely reflect the genetic risk for @entity71 ; brain differences between the low-risk and high-risk twins from discordant MZ twin pairs reflect the environmental risk for @entity71 . A major difference between comparisons of high and low-risk twins from concordant pairs and high/low twins from discordant pairs was found for the prefrontal lobes. The concordant high-risk pairs showed @entity393 in orbitofrontal subdivisions. High-risk members from the discordant twin pairs exhibited @entity353 in the right inferior dorsolateral prefontal cortex. In addition, the posterior corpus callosum was compromised in concordant high-risk pairs, only. Our findings indicate that inattention and @entity2915 symptoms are associated with anatomical abnormalities of a distributed action-attentional network. Different brain areas of this network appear to be affected in inattention/ @entity2915 caused by genetic (i.e., high concordant MZ pairs) vs. environmental (i.e., high-low discordant MZ pairs) risk factors. These results provide clues that further our understanding of brain alterations in @entity71 .

A structural MRI study in monozygotic twins concordant or discordant for attention/ XXXX problems: evidence for genetic and environmental heterogeneity in the developing brain.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'patients', 'Children'] @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['volume reduction'] @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormalities'] @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder'] @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity'] @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['volume loss']
@entity2915 :: (MESH:D006948,Disease) :: ['hyperactivity']
