Previous studies have shown that surgical castration wounds take between 10 and 61 d to heal. The objectives of this work were to describe healing, @entity32 , lying behavior, and serum concentration of @entity39120 after surgical castration in beef @entity291 and to evaluate the effect of a possible intervention, a single injection of @entity3258 (1.1 mg/kg IV, a NSAID), on the healing process. @entity291 (mean    SE: 25    2.0 d of age; 54    1.4 kg BW) were surgically castrated with or without an injection of @entity3259 immediately before the procedure (n = 24/treatment). Healing was measured with a 5-point scale (1 = fresh wound, 5 = no visible incision or @entity32 ) as well as @entity1017 , scrotal size, and scrotal surface temperature, on d 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 49, and 63 after castration. Serum concentration of @entity39120 was recorded on all d, including d 0, but not d 63. Lying behavior was recorded with loggers from 2 d before to 29 d after castration. Inflammation, as measured by scrotal size, peaked on d 2 and 3 after the procedure (e.g., 51    1.0 mm on d 2 versus 28    1.3 mm before castration) and then declined with time (P < 0.001). The first wound to score as fully healed (i.e., 5/5) was seen on d 28; by d 63, 98% of wounds were fully healed. The greatest changes in healing score occurred between d 21 and 35; this was also the peak of wound surface temperature and may correspond with revascularization. Serum concentration of @entity39120 was highest before castration (41    1.2 pg/mL), possibly because the sample was collected after the @entity3303 ring block was administered, which was likely painful, and because of separation from the dam and restraint. Values began to drop by d 3 (34    1.2 pg/mL) and leveled out by d 21 (30    1.2 pg/mL; P < 0.001). @entity291 given @entity3259 had more lying bouts than those that received saline ( @entity3259 by time interaction; P = 0.052), but this pattern emerged on and after d 8, well after the 3 to 8 h half-life of this NSAID. In conclusion, castration caused @entity32 in the days that followed, and the wounds required a minimum of 4 wk to heal. Provision of an NSAID had no effect on these outcomes.

Healing of surgical castration wounds: a description and an evaluation of XXXX .

@entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain'] @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine'] @entity3259 :: ('MESH:C014557', 'Chemical') :: ['flunixin'] @entity39120 :: ('281512(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['substance P'] @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['Calves', 'calves'] @entity3258 :: ('MESH:C014558', 'Chemical') :: ['flunixin meglumine']
@entity3259 :: (MESH:C014557,Chemical) :: ['flunixin']
