OBJECTIVE: Despite being a voluntary activity, many blood donors experience @entity148 , and @entity1163 ( @entity1163 ) is not unusual. The muscle-tensing technique @entity2701 ( @entity2701 ) has been found to be effective in reducing vasovagal symptoms and @entity1163 . A series of studies was developed to investigate the role of @entity2701 on @entity148 and @entity1163 . METHODS: The mechanisms of @entity2701 were examined in the laboratory and the blood donor clinic. In Study 1, 70 @entity1 were assigned randomly to either a control group or an experimental group who learned @entity2701 before watching a video depicting blood draws. In Study 2, 667 volunteer blood donors completed similar questionnaires. RESULTS: In Study 1, a significant Condition   Sex   Needle Fear interaction, F(1, 59) = 4.97, p = .03, indicated that @entity2701 reduced vasovagal symptoms in higher-fear @entity1 . Study 2 also found a significant Condition   Sex   Needle Fear effect on vasovagal symptoms, F(2, 653) = 3.95, p = .02, indicating that @entity146 but primarily among @entity1 with more pronounced fear of needles. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the physiological data and self-reported @entity148 supports the conclusion that the reduction in vasovagal symptoms was due more to decreased @entity148 rather than exercise-related cardiovascular change. These results suggest that @entity2701 may provide a useful means of coping with invasive medical procedures in part by reducing @entity148 .

Applied tension and blood donation symptoms: the importance of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women'] @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['AT reduced symptoms'] @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'fainting'] @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety'] @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['AT', 'applied tension']
@entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety reduction']
