UNASSIGNED: @entity8 is a major cause of @entity1985 of non-diabetic origin in adults. It is the second or third leading cause of @entity454 in @entity1 with primary @entity631 , and is the leading @entity8 that recurs after kidney transplantation (occurring in about 40% of @entity1 ). Treatment with costly and potentially toxic drugs remains controversial and challenging, partly because of insufficient insight into the pathogenesis of the disease and absence of sensitive biomarkers of disease activity. The disease is caused by the formation of immune deposits on the outer aspect of the glomerular basement membrane, which contain podocyte or planted antigens and circulating antibodies specific to those antigens, resulting in complement activation. In 2002, podocyte neutral endopeptidase was identified as an antigenic target of circulating antibodies in alloimmune neonatal @entity8 , and in 2009, podocyte @entity8164 ( @entity8164 ) was reported as an antigenic target in autoimmune adult @entity8 . These major breakthroughs were translated to clinical practice very quickly. Measurement of anti- @entity8164 antibodies in serum and detection of @entity8164 antigen in glomerular deposits can now be done routinely. Anti- @entity8164 antibodies have high specificity (close to 100%), sensitivity (70-80%), and predictive value. @entity8164 detection in immune deposits allows for retrospective diagnosis of @entity8164 -related @entity8 in archival kidney biopsies. These tests already have a major effect on diagnosis and monitoring of treatment, including after transplantation.

Pathophysiological advances in @entity8 : time for a shift in XXXX 's care.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'Membranous nephropathy', 'membranous nephropathy', 'glomerulopathy'] @entity8164 :: ('22925', 'Gene') :: ['phospholipase A2 receptor', 'PLA2R'] @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome'] @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis'] @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']
