Antimicrobials are commonly used to treat @entity1729 in adults. Furthermore, their overuse has raised concern. We conducted a field survey study that included 170 medical institutions from January 2008 to June 2010. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the rate of antimicrobial use and @entity1 outcomes with each indication. The study included 1753 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1729 . Antimicrobials were used for treatment of 1420 of these @entity1 , whereas 333 cases were not treated with antimicrobials. After 3 days of treatment, patients administered antimicrobials experienced a higher improvement rate than those who did not receive antimicrobial treatment (92.2% vs. 83.3%, p < 0.0001). However, after 7 days of treatment, the rates of improvement for @entity1 in both groups were similar (95.0% and 93.4%, respectively, p = 0.2391). In addition, according to the criteria for the usage of antimicrobials described in the Japanese Respiratory Society guidelines for the management of respiratory tract @entity281 in adults, the @entity1 were classified into the 3 categories (6 indication factors for antimicrobial use): Grade 1,  <= 2 factors; Grade 2, 3-4 factors; Grade 3, 5-6 factors). The indication factors considered were the following: 1) temperature; 2) purulent sputum or nasal discharge; 3) tonsillar enlargement and tonsillolith/white puss; 4) middle @entity2346 / @entity1244 ; 5) inflammatory reaction; and 6) high-risk @entity1 . The results indicate that the improvement observed after 3 days of treatment in Grade 2 and Grade 3 @entity1 was significantly higher with antimicrobial treatment than without antimicrobial treatment. In conclusion, the administration of antimicrobials is not recommended in younger @entity1 with no underlying disease. However, the use of antimicrobials is required in @entity1 with a higher relative risk that corresponds to the presence of >=  3 of the 6 indication factors for antimicrobial use.

A study on the management of XXXX in adults.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection'] @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory tract infection'] @entity2346 :: ('MESH:D010031', 'Disease') :: ['otitis']
@entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory tract infection']
