Family history of @entity8 has been associated with an increased risk of @entity454 ( @entity454 ). It is uncertain whether this risk is mediated by familial aggregation of risk factors for @entity454 , such as @entity6 and @entity101 . The association of @entity454 with @entity8 was examined in a large, population-based case-control study conducted in Maryland, Virginia, @entity739 , and Washington, DC. The number of first-degree relatives who were affected with any @entity8 was compared between 689 newly treated @entity454 @entity1 registered in the Medicare @entity454 program (92% of all eligible incident cases presenting between January and July of 1991) and 361 control subjects without @entity454 who were selected by random-digit dialing (90% response rate). @entity1 and control subjects were frequency matched by age; @entity1 with @entity454 caused by @entity8 and other known @entity8 were excluded. Analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression. After controlling for the proband's age, gender, race, family size, socioeconomic status, and personal and family histories of @entity6 and @entity101 , having one first-degree relative with @entity8 increased the odds of @entity454 by 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 2.6) and having two or more affected first-degree relatives increased the odds of @entity454 by 10.4 (95% confidence interval, 2.7 to 40.2). These data support @entity8 in excess of that predicted by clustering of @entity6 and @entity101 within families, suggesting that either genetic susceptibility or environmental exposures shared within families increase the risk of developing @entity454 . This risk is also much higher when two or more first-degree relatives have @entity8 . Unraveling the molecular basis of this increase in risk may provide new avenues for treatment and prevention of @entity454 .

Familial aggregation of XXXX in a population-based case-control study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease', 'type of renal disease', 'hereditary kidney diseases', 'renal disease', 'familial aggregation of renal disease'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes'] @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['West Virginia'] @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']
@entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal disease']
