Lactic acid bacteria are increasingly used to restore the ecological equilibrium of different mucosal areas in @entity1 and/or animals. Likewise, they can be used to potentially protect against pathogenic microorganisms. In the present paper, the preventive effect of intranasally inoculated @entity10688 against challenge with @entity328 was studied, using a @entity19 experimental model. @entity10688 inoculated four times at a dose of 10(7) colony forming units per @entity19 was able to decrease the number of @entity2260 throughout the respiratory tract. The @entity10688 treatment increased the number of activated macrophages in lung slices, and a higher lymphocyte population in the tracheal lamina propria. @entity2260 challenge showed a typical response against pathogen with a higher non-specific immune response. Preventive treatment, i.e. @entity10688 administration prior to @entity2260 challenge, showed a response close to that of L. fermentum. Anti-S. pneumoniae antibodies increased in lactobacilli-treated animals compared to the non-treated lactobacilli @entity19 . The increase in the antibody levels suggests that the mucosal immune system could be involved in the protective effect, accomplished with competitive exclusion, nutrient competition and production of inhibitory substances. This paper will be the basis for further studies of the protective effect of lactobacilli against @entity2260 in the respiratory tract.

Protective effect of intranasally inoculated @entity10688 against XXXX challenge on the @entity19 respiratory tract.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse'] @entity2260 :: ('2104', 'Species') :: ['S. pneumoniae'] @entity10688 :: ('1613', 'Species') :: ['L. fermentum', 'Lactobacillus fermentum'] @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']
@entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']
