INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) are more likely to suffer from @entity73 and @entity303 than healthy older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate smoking history as a risk factor for @entity73 in @entity191 . METHOD: One hundred thirty-nine @entity191 @entity1 aged 50  years and older (Hoehn and Yahr = 1-3) were recruited from a clinical database. Global cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and smoking history was investigated as part of a standard clinical interview. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to develop a model for predicting @entity1 ' MMSE scores from age, education, Hoehn and Yahr stage, disease duration, the number of vascular risk factors and the number of smoking pack-years. RESULTS: The regression model significantly accounted for 22.9% of the variance in MMSE scores. Significant predictors were education (b = .312, p < .001), age (b = -.215, p = .013) and total smoking pack-years (b = -.180, p = .029). In former smokers, the number of years since quitting had no effect on global cognition and there were no significant difference between @entity1 who had quit smoking more than 10  years ago and those who had quit less than 10  years ago, F(1, 63) = 1.72, p = .195. CONCLUSION: Smoking history was associated to global @entity73 in @entity191 even in @entity1 who had quit smoking. These results are in line with findings in healthy older adults that have linked smoking to @entity73 , global @entity1010 and functional changes. Future studies should consider a broader assessment of cognitive functions.

Smoking history is associated to XXXX in @entity191 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients'] @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia'] @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline'] @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD'] @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']
@entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']
