Wildlife inhabiting @entity1 -dominated landscapes is at risk of pathogen spill-over from domestic species. With the aim of gaining knowledge in the dynamics of @entity1800 in Iberian wolves ( @entity4883 ) living in anthropized landscapes of northern Spain, we analysed between 2010 and 2013 the samples of 54 wolves by serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for exposure to four pathogenic @entity235 viruses: @entity31338 ), @entity18896 ( @entity24715 ), @entity3895 1 and 2 ( @entity3895 -1 and @entity3895 -2) and @entity235 herpesvirus. Overall, 76% of the studied wolves presented evidence of exposure to @entity24715 (96% by HI, 66% by PCR) and 75% to @entity3895 (75% by virus neutralization (VN), 76% by PCR, of which 70% @entity3895 -1 and 6% @entity3895 -2). This represents the first detection of @entity3895 -2 @entity281 in a wild carnivore. @entity24715 / @entity3895 -1 co- @entity281 occurred in 51% of the wolves. The probability of wolf exposure to @entity24715 was positively and significantly correlated with farm density in a buffer zone around the place where the wolf was found, indicating that rural @entity235 might be the origin of @entity24715 infecting wolves. @entity24715 and @entity3895 -1 appear to be enzootic in the Iberian wolf population, which is supported by the absence of seasonal and inter-annual variations in the proportion of positive samples detected. However, while @entity24715 may depend on periodical introductions by @entity235 , @entity3895 -1 may be maintained within the wolf population. All wolves were negative for exposure to @entity31338 (by VN and PCR) and CHV (by PCR). The absence of acquired immunity against @entity31338 in this population may predispose it to an elevated rate of mortality in the event of a distemper spill-over via @entity235 .

Patterns of Exposure of Iberian Wolves ( @entity4883 ) to @entity235 Viruses in XXXX -Dominated Landscapes.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity4883 :: ('9612', 'Species') :: ['Canis lupus'] @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'dogs'] @entity31338 :: ('11232', 'Species') :: ['canine distemper virus (CDV', 'CDV'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection'] @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections'] @entity24715 :: ('10788', 'Species') :: ['CPV'] @entity18896 :: ('329639', 'Species') :: ['canine parvovirus-2'] @entity3895 :: ('10537', 'Species') :: ['canine adenovirus', 'CAV']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']
