UNASSIGNED: A 25-year-old, female eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) presented for @entity1353 3 weeks after anesthesia and surgery for egg yolk coelomitis. Radiography, computed tomography, and tracheoscopy revealed multiple tracheal strictures spanning a length of 2.6 cm in the mid to distal @entity825 . Histopathologic examination revealed mild @entity82 , @entity32 , and @entity1373 consistent with acquired tracheal strictures. Tracheal resection was not considered possible because of the length of the affected @entity825 . The strictures were resected endoscopically, and repeated @entity384 under fluoroscopic guidance over the course of 10 months resulted in immediate but unsustained improvement. Computed tomography was used to measure the stenotic area. A 4 * 36-mm, custom-made, @entity5648 wire stent was inserted into the @entity825 under fluoroscopic guidance. After stent placement, intermittent episodes of mild to moderate @entity1353 continued, and these responded to nebulization with a combination of saline, @entity898 , and @entity619 . Multiple attempts to wean the @entity1 off nebulization therapy and to switch to a corticosteroid-free combination were unsuccessful. The parrot eventually developed @entity532 , was euthanatized, and necropsy was performed. Histologically, the tracheal mucosa had widespread erosion to @entity1066 , with accumulation of intraluminal exudate and bacteria, severe @entity121 and tracheal rings, prominent @entity82 , and mild to moderate, @entity32 . Clinicopathologic findings in this case suggested @entity825 , which has not been previously described in birds. Custom-made tracheal stents can be used for severe @entity6184 in birds when tracheal resection and @entity254 is not possible. Complications of tracheal stent placement in birds may include @entity6062 and @entity825 . To our knowledge, this is the first report of tracheal stent placement in an avian species.

Use of a XXXX Wire Stent for Management of Severe @entity6184 in an Eclectus Parrot (Eclectus roratus).

@entity825 :: ('MESH:D055090', 'Disease') :: ['tracheomalacia', 'trachea'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'submucosal inflammation'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient'] @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis'] @entity6062 :: ('MESH:D014136', 'Disease') :: ['tracheitis'] @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['dyspnea'] @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation'] @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia'] @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration'] @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications'] @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcysteine'] @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis'] @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis'] @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone'] @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of skeletal muscle'] @entity5648 :: ('MESH:C013616', 'Chemical') :: ['nitinol']
@entity5648 :: (MESH:C013616,Chemical) :: ['Nitinol']
