BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity4854 is implicated as a major risk factor for delayed @entity356 in @entity6 and vice versa. However, the extent to which @entity4854 can affect @entity356 and vice versa and the implications for clinical practice are unclear. We systematically reviewed the evidence for this bidirectional relationship and the effects of pharmacotherapy for @entity6 on @entity356 . METHODS: Full-length articles investigating the relationship between @entity6 and @entity7623 were reviewed primarily to quantify the relationship between blood @entity413 concentrations and gastrointestinal sensorimotor functions, particularly @entity356 , and @entity344 . The effects of drugs and hormones that affect glycemia on gastrointestinal sensorimotor functions were also evaluated. RESULTS: Acute severe @entity4854 delayed @entity356 relative to euglycemia in type 1 @entity6 ; the corresponding effects in type 2 @entity6 are unknown. Limited evidence suggests that even mild @entity4854 (8 mmol/L) can delay @entity356 in type 1 @entity6 . Long-term @entity4854 is an independent risk factor for delayed @entity356 in type 1 @entity6 . There is little evidence that delayed @entity356 causes @entity4053 in @entity6 and no evidence that improved control of glycemia improves @entity356 or vice versa. @entity5445 agonists but not @entity5735 inhibitors given acutely delay @entity356 , but tachyphylaxis may occur. CONCLUSIONS: Although acute severe and chronic @entity4854 can delay @entity356 , there is limited evidence that delayed @entity356 is an independent risk factor for impaired glycemic control or @entity4053 in @entity6 . The impact of improved glycemic control on @entity356 and vice versa in @entity6 is unknown.

Relationship Between Control of Glycemia and Gastric Emptying Disturbances in XXXX .

@entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['dipeptidylpeptidase-4'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus'] @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms'] @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia'] @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying'] @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['gastroparesis'] @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose'] @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['Glucagon-like peptide-1']
@entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes Mellitus']
