@entity842 (NO) plays an important role in the physiologic modulation of coronary artery tone and myocardial function. However, increased formation of NO within the myocardium can also have detrimental effects, contributing to the pathophysiology of @entity296 in @entity299 . The role of reactive @entity1568 species in the pathogenesis of @entity296 after ischaemia has been investigated in numerous studies. They reveal divergent and opposed effects of @entity842 : from a cardioprotective action leading to ischaemic preconditioning after short ischaemic periods to a cardiodepressive action after severe ischaemia/reperfusion injury and @entity712 . This review describes the determining role of reactive @entity26 species on these opposite myocardial effects of NO. The final action of NO, whether cardioprotective or cardiodepressive, strongly depends on the level of oxidative stress in the myocardium. @entity842 disrupts free radical and oxidant-mediated reactions, due to a strong attraction and interaction with @entity224 .The level of oxidative stress is positively related to the severity of the @entity130 , making the results in different @entity296 more concordant. If the increased production of NO is well in balance with a moderate increase in @entity26 radicals, then NO will exert beneficial effects. However, if the @entity26 radicals are produced in excess of NO as in prolonged @entity130 , then deleterious effects will be induced. Consequently, the balance between NO and free @entity26 radicals is crucial in modulating the outcome after an ischaemic insult.

Role of XXXX and oxidative stress in @entity296 and preconditioning.

@entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen'] @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial syndromes', 'myocardial dysfunction'] @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart diseases'] @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic injury']
@entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']
