BACKGROUND: The prognosis of @entity788 remains desperately poor, with little progress made over the past 30 years despite the development of new combination chemotherapy regimens. Stromal activity is especially prominent in the tissue surrounding @entity5 , and has a profound influence in dictating @entity5 development and dissemination. @entity788 cells (PaSCs) have a key role in this @entity5 microenvironment, and have been the subject of much research in the past decade. This review examines the relationship between PaSCs and @entity5 cells. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed of multiple databases up to March 2014, including Medline, Pubmed and Google Scholar. RESULTS: A complex bidirectional interplay exists between PaSCs and @entity5 cells, resulting in a perpetuating loop of increased activity and an overriding pro-tumorigenic effect. This involves a number of signalling pathways that also impacts on other stromal components and vasculature, contributing to chemoresistance. The Reverse Warburg Effect is also introduced as a novel concept in @entity5 stroma. CONCLUSION: This review highlights the pancreatic @entity5 microenvironment, and in particular PaSCs, as an ideal target for therapeutics. There are a number of cellular processes involving PaSCs which could hold the key to more effectively treating @entity788 . The feasibility of targeting these pathways warrant further in depth investigation, with the aim of reducing the @entity146 of @entity788 and improving chemodelivery.

The role of XXXX .

@entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'pancreatic tumours', 'tumour'] @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic stellate', 'pancreatic cancer'] @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']
@entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic cancer']
