@entity189 is the 9(th) most common @entity5 worldwide. Most @entity5 are non-muscle invasive on presentation. However, two-thirds of non-invasive @entity150 will eventually recur with a 25% risk of progression to @entity150 . @entity5 stage, histological grade and pathological invasion of blood vessels and lymphatic tissue are the main indicators for @entity5 prognosis. The gold standard for diagnosing @entity150 is conventional white-light cystoscopy and biopsy. Urine cytology is a highly specific, sensitive test for high-grade @entity5 or @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ). Urinary @entity14276 has an overall sensitivity and specificity for detecting @entity150 of 49% and 87%, respectively. However, there are false-positive results in the presence of @entity293 or @entity811 . The detection of specific gene mutations related to @entity5 has been studied and employed to reproduce markers helpful for diagnosis. According to current studies, molecular markers can be used to predict @entity5 recurrence. From a prognostic point of view, new molecular markers have yet to be established as reliable indicators of @entity146 . We aimed to review the molecular markers with possible prognostic significance that have been discussed in the literature. This review examined the literature for various molecular markers under development for @entity150 in an attempt to optimize @entity1 care and reduce the costs of treating these @entity1 .

What are the currently available and in development molecular markers for XXXX ? Will they prove to be useful in the future?

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ'] @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumor aggressiveness'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'urothelial cancers', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'urothelial cancer', 'urothelial tumors', 'tumors'] @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Urothelial carcinoma'] @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancers', 'bladder cancer', 'muscle-invasive bladder cancer'] @entity14276 :: ('4926', 'Gene') :: ['NMP22'] @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria'] @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']
@entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']
