@entity19 and @entity1 @entity5 are susceptible to immunotherapy, particularly when immune adjuvants are delivered locally. We have shown that direct injection of @entity2047 plus agonist anti- @entity14636 antibody induces regression of large @entity5 . These studies aimed to determine if NK cells contribute to @entity2047 / @entity14636 antibody-driven @entity5 eradication. We show that NK cells infiltrate developing @entity5 ; however, their absence (in beige @entity19 or in asialo GM(1) antibody-depleted C57BL/6J @entity19 ) does not alter @entity5 growth rates suggesting that they cannot function as effector cells in this microenvironment. Anti- @entity14636 antibody treatment did not alter the percent of NK cells in treated @entity5 or in draining lymph nodes (dLNs), and @entity5 resolution occurred in the absence of NK cells. However, a two- @entity5 model showed that NK cells contributed to @entity14636 -driven systemic immunity leading to resolution of untreated @entity5 . @entity2047 treatment led to increased proportions of NK cells in @entity5 and dLNs, and in the absence of NK cells, @entity2047 lost its therapeutic effect. In contrast, the absence of NK cells did not reduce the anti- @entity5 activity of the @entity2047 /anti- @entity14636 antibody combination yet @entity5 recurred in NK-deficient @entity19 and > 37% of @entity5 cell re-challenged @entity19 were unable to provide protection, implying insufficient memory. Furthermore, untreated @entity5 in NK-depleted @entity19 were less readily cured than in immunologically intact @entity19 . These data show that NK cells infiltrate @entity5 , which, after local @entity2047 and/or anti- @entity14636 antibody treatment, provide help for the acquisition and/or maintenance of systemic immunity and long-term effector/memory responses.

XXXX / @entity14636 -driven NK cells install and maintain potency in the anti-mesothelioma effector/memory phase.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity2047 :: ('16183(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IL-2'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Murine'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'distal tumors', 'mesothelioma tumors'] @entity14636 :: ('21939(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['CD40']
@entity2047 :: (16183(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-2']
