@entity1931 is 1 of the characteristic signs in @entity9 . Topical application of @entity4746 has been proposed as model to study @entity1931 . The aim of this psychophysical study was to characterize the @entity1 surrogate of @entity9 of topical @entity4746 application by using a standardized and validated protocol of quantitative sensory testing (QST). Additionally, we assessed the course of the signs elicited by @entity4746 application over time. High-concentration 40% @entity46098 was applied topically on hairy skin in 12 healthy subjects. Standardized psychophysical tests (QST) assessing 13 parameters including thermal and mechanical detection and @entity158 thresholds were obtained before and every 45 minutes after @entity4746 removal up to 4 hours after @entity4746 application. @entity4746 decreased the @entity158 threshold, mechanical @entity158 threshold, and increased the mechanical @entity158 sensitivity in all subjects displaying cold and mechanical @entity1931 . In all subjects, an area of secondary @entity1931 could be determined. Within the observation time, the @entity158 threshold increased continuously, whereas the signs of primary and secondary @entity1931 remained stable. The data suggest that topical 40% @entity4746 application is a useful model for studies of @entity1931 and @entity1931 in @entity1 . PERSPECTIVE: This study establishes the topical application of high-concentration 40% @entity4746 as a useful stable model for studies of @entity1931 and @entity1931 in @entity1 . The provided long-term data are important for psychophysical and pharmacological research in @entity1 and provide us with insights on experimental cold and @entity1931 .

Topical high-concentration (40%) @entity4746 -somatosensory profile of a @entity1 surrogate XXXX model.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human'] @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['cold hyperalgesia', 'mechanical hyperalgesia', 'pinprick hyperalgesia', 'Cold hyperalgesia'] @entity46098 :: ('CHEBI:15409', 'Chemical') :: ['L-menthol'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['decreased cold pain', 'pain', 'cold pain'] @entity4746 :: ('MESH:D008610', 'Chemical') :: ['Menthol', 'menthol'] @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']
@entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']
