OBJECTIVE: To identify the types of injuries the @entity1 brain incurs as a result of traumatic forces applied to the cranium. In athletic events and endeavors, the full spectrum of @entity932 in various compartments, @entity428 , and diffuse @entity16 may be seen. In this review, we describe these serious injuries and the more common mild @entity131 in their clinical presentations and relate concussion classification to the overall picture of @entity131 . METHODS: Our cumulative experience with @entity2587 , both at the catastrophic and mild @entity131 levels, has led us to a management paradigm that serves to guide us in the classification and treatment of these athletes. DISCUSSION: The occurrence of @entity1504 in sports has now been well documented. Intracranial @entity1410 (epidural, subdural, and parenchymal) and cerebral contusions can result from @entity542 . Many @entity1 sustain a @entity1545 , resulting in elevated intracranial pressures, without a @entity4461 or @entity66 . The classification of concussion and the use of concussion guidelines are not uniform. However, the major emphases are agreed upon: the close and careful scrutiny of the athlete, an expeditious but reliable neurologic examination, and proper on-field management. Return-to-play decisions are based on many factors that affect normal functioning, both on and off the playing field. CONCLUSIONS: Sufficient knowledge now exists to allow us to carefully evaluate the injured athlete, to place him or her in the management scheme to minimize the potential for permanent @entity75 , and to know when the athlete can safely return to contact sport participation.

Classification of Sport-Related XXXX : A Spectrum of Mild to Severe Injury.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients'] @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse brain injury'] @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury'] @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhages'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion'] @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['raised intracranial pressure'] @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral dysfunction'] @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nonhemorrhagic damage'] @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury'] @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial injuries'] @entity2587 :: ('MESH:D001265', 'Disease') :: ['athletic injuries'] @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas'] @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clot']
@entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Head Trauma']
