BACKGROUND: @entity3964 @entity311 in India is characterized by high rates of severe disease, with multiple organ dysfunction (MOD)-mainly associated with @entity810 ( @entity810 )-and increased mortality. The objective of this study is to identify cytokine signatures differentiating severe @entity311 @entity1 with MOD, @entity6197 ( @entity6197 ), and @entity6197 with MOD ( @entity6197 -MOD) in India. We have previously shown that two cytokines clusters differentiated @entity6197 from mild @entity311 in Maharashtra. Hence, we also aimed to determine if these cytokines could discriminate @entity311 subphenotypes in Odisha. METHODS: @entity3964 @entity311 @entity1 from the SCB Medical College Cuttack in the Odisha state in India were enrolled along with three sets of controls: healthy individuals, @entity1 with @entity295 and @entity198 (n  =  222). We determined plasma concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines for all individuals using a multiplex assay. We then used an ensemble of statistical analytical methods to ascertain whether particular sets of cytokines/chemokines were predictors of severity or signatures of a disease category. RESULTS: Of the 26 cytokines/chemokines tested, 19 increased significantly during @entity311 and clearly distinguished @entity311 @entity1 from controls, as well as @entity295 and @entity198 @entity1 . High amounts of @entity4155 , @entity371 , and @entity688 predicted MOD, decreased @entity4155 and @entity10557 segregated @entity6197 -MOD from MOD, and increased IL-12p40 differentiated @entity6197 from @entity6197 -MOD. Most severe @entity311 @entity1 with @entity810 exhibited high levels of @entity4155 . CONCLUSION: We report distinct differences in cytokine production correlating with @entity66 severity in Odisha and Maharashtra populations in India. We show that @entity6197 , @entity6197 -MOD and MOD are clearly distinct @entity311 -associated pathologies. High amounts of @entity4155 , @entity371 , and @entity688 were predictors of MOD; decreased @entity4155 and @entity10557 separated @entity6197 -MOD from MOD; and increased IL-12p40 differentiated @entity6197 from @entity6197 -MOD. Data also suggest that the @entity4155 pathway may contribute to @entity311 pathogenesis via different regulatory mechanisms and may represent an interesting target to mitigate the pathological processes in @entity311 -associated @entity810 .

Evidence of @entity4155 , @entity371 , and @entity688 involvement in multiple-organ dysfunction and @entity4155 pathway in @entity810 associated to @entity3964 XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis'] @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['malarial disease'] @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum'] @entity4155 :: ('3605', 'Gene') :: ['IL-17'] @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure'] @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'cerebral malaria'] @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['malaria'] @entity371 :: ('3627', 'Gene') :: ['IP-10'] @entity688 :: ('3586', 'Gene') :: ['IL-10'] @entity10557 :: ('6348', 'Gene') :: ['MIP-1a']
@entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']
