Perineural invasion (PNI) occurs in 2% to 6% of cutaneous head and neck basal and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and is associated with mid-face location, recurrent @entity5 , high histologic grade, and increasing @entity5 size. @entity1 may be asymptomatic with PNI appreciated on pathologic examination of the surgical specimen (microscopic), or may present with @entity129 (clinical). The V and VII CNs are most commonly involved. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be obtained to detect and define the extent of PNI; computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (UGFNAC) may assist with detecting or excluding regional lymph node @entity3 . @entity1 with apparently resectable @entity5 undergo surgery, usually followed by postoperative radiotherapy (RT). @entity1 with unresectable @entity5 are treated with definitive RT. Moreover, RT may be considered if significant functional or cosmetic impairment is expected after surgical treatment. The 5-year outcomes after treatment for clinically unsuspected microscopic compared with clinical PNI are: local control, 80% and 55%; cause-specific survival, 75% and 65%; and overall survival, 55% and 50%, respectively. The incidence of grade >=  3 complications is higher after treatment for clinical PNI versus microscopic PNI; approximately 35% compared with 15%, respectively. Proton beam RT may be used to reduce the risk of late complications by reducing RT dose to the @entity227 (CNS).

Cutaneous head and neck basal and squamous cell carcinomas with XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients'] @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve (CN) deficits'] @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual apparatus and central nervous system'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors'] @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCCs', 'squamous cell carcinomas'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']
@entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['perineural invasion']
