OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of epidural @entity1286 in treating @entity4521 withdrawal in @entity1 who failed to detoxify by the other methods. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Department of Psychiatry of a general hospital. @entity1 : 8 ASA physical status I @entity1 , aged 26 to 42 years, not having concurrent diseases requiring medication, and who had previously failed other methods of detoxification. INTERVENTIONS: Epidural catheters were inserted at the L(3)-L(4) interspace. Bolus injections of @entity1286 , 3.0 mg in normal saline, were administered epidurally at 24-hour intervals. Treatment continued for 10 to 12 days. MEASUREMENTS: @entity3347 , such as @entity5564 , @entity22 , @entity5254 , @entity4841 , @entity158 , @entity158 , @entity391 , @entity294 , dysphoria, and drug craving were monitored. MAIN RESULTS: @entity3347 ceased within 10 days. @entity3347 were diminished or entirely abolished by the treatment, and no @entity1 requested to drop out of the program. Discontinuation of the epidural injections did not cause relapse of withdrawal. All @entity1 reported that withdrawal with epidural @entity1286 was considerably easier compared to other methods that they had previously experienced. CONCLUSIONS: A preliminary evaluation of epidural @entity1286 in addicts that failed previous detoxifications showed high effectiveness of this method in reducing withdrawal symptoms.

Preliminary evaluation of epidural XXXX for treatment of @entity4521 withdrawal.

@entity4521 :: ('MESH:D003932', 'Chemical') :: ['heroin'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS'] @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['Withdrawal symptoms'] @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea'] @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting'] @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea'] @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate', 'morphine'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['tooth pain', 'muscular pain'] @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia'] @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['mydriasis'] @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']
@entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']
