Many xenobiotics are known to cause @entity382 and hepatocarcinogenesis in @entity35 , although the molecular mechanisms that underlie this effect remain largely undefined. @entity1 exposure to several of these compounds, including glucocorticoids and peroxisome proliferators may be significant, due to their use in both pharmaceutical and industrial processes. It is therefore important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this abnormal @entity382 in @entity35 , as this will enable more accurate extrapolation of the possible outcomes of @entity1 exposure. Male @entity35 were dosed with the peroxisome proliferator @entity21372 and changes in liver gene expression examined using subtractive suppression hybridisation examined either 12 of 24hr later. Twenty-five transcripts were identified which showed differential gene expression in liver following exposure to @entity21372 . Biochemical indices of liver growth (DNA synthesis, apoptosis) showed that these changes correlated with the @entity382 . @entity35 were next treated with either @entity21372 , @entity3429 and @entity619 , chemically and mechanistically-distinct hepatomegalic compounds. Carboxylesterase and @entity70425 mRNA levels were seen to alter in a qualitatively similar fashion for all three compounds, and in a liver specific fashion. In addition, these changes correlated with a decrease in the density of Kupffer cells within the liver, which are known to release mitogenic cytokines, and have been linked to @entity21372 -induced cell proliferation. We therefore propose that Kupffer cells play a role in a general mechanism of @entity382 .

Gene expression changes in XXXX liver following exposure to liver growth agents: role of Kupffer cells in xenobiotic-mediated liver growth.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Human'] @entity3429 :: ('MESH:D017373', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproterone acetate'] @entity70425 :: ('114598(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Kupffer cell receptor'] @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone'] @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['liver enlargement', 'xenobiotic-mediated liver enlargement', 'initiation of liver enlargement'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats'] @entity21372 :: ('MESH:C006253', 'Chemical') :: ['Wy-14,643']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']
