@entity53 (E2), @entity1420 (P) and @entity251 (T) were investigated for their effects on the proliferation and differentiation of primary @entity35 calvarial osteoblasts in vitro. @entity35 calvarial osteoblasts were cultured with 10(-10) mol/L E2, 10(-9)-10(-6) mol/L P and 10(-10) mol/L T for 20 days. Cell proliferation was determined by @entity665 incorporation and cell counting. Cell differentiation was examined by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, @entity9356 gene expression and production, bone nodule formation in different periods of culture. Our results showed that no effect of three sex hormones was observed on cell proliferation, but, the responses of cell differentiation to the hormones were more or less different. Among these three hormones used in this study, P appeared to have multi-stimulating effect on cell differentiation. Effect of T seemed not so significant as that of P on cell differentiation. Although ALP activity and @entity9356 production were increased significantly by T, it had slight effect on @entity9356 mRNA and bone nodule formation. Besides, E2 did not demonstrate any effect on cell differentiation. It is concluded that the proliferation of @entity35 calvarial osteoblasts was independent of the presence of sex hormones. However, the differentiation of these cells were stimulated in different levels and to different extent either by P or T. P appeared to be a multi-stimulator on differentiation of such cells.

Comparison on the effects of three sex hormones on the fetal XXXX calvarial osteoblasts.

@entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone'] @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone'] @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine'] @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol'] @entity9356 :: ('81613(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['osteocalcin'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Rat']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']
