PURPOSE: To evaluate the most important signs of @entity936 , such as osmolarity, @entity32 , and @entity33029 ( @entity33029 ) concentration before and after wearing scleral lenses for 8 h in @entity9042 @entity1 . METHODS: A pilot, experimental, short-term study involved 26 @entity9042 @entity1 (average age, 36.95    8.95 years). They voluntarily enrolled in the study at the Optometry Clinic of the Faculty of Optics and Optometry in the University Complutense of Madrid. They were divided into two groups: @entity1 with intrastromal corneal ring, the ICRS group, and @entity1 without ICRS, the @entity9042 ( @entity9042 ) group. @entity2194 Index questionnaire, the Schirmer test without anesthesia, tear break-up time, @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) concentration, osmolarity, and Ap4A concentration were evaluated before and after wearing a scleral lens for 8 h. RESULTS: The @entity1 wore the scleral lenses from 6 to 9 h, with a mean of 7.59    0.73 h. The mean scleral lens sag for all @entity1 was 4310    166.31  m, ranging from 4200  m to 4800  m. No significant changes in the Schirmer test and tear break-up time were found for either group. @entity2194 Index scores were statistically lower after wearing scleral lenses for both groups (p < 0.05). A significantly lower osmolarity and a significant rise of @entity1495 concentration after wearing scleral lenses were found in both groups (p < 0.05). @entity33029 concentration was lower after wearing the scleral lens in the @entity9042 group (p < 0.05) but no significant difference was found for the ICRS group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term scleral lens wearing improves the symptomatology and some signs of @entity936 , such as osmolarity and Ap4A concentration. The increase of @entity1495 concentration could be caused by tear film stagnation and use of preserved saline.

Short-term Effect of Scleral Lens on the Dry Eye Biomarkers in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular Surface Disease'] @entity33029 :: ('MESH:C020733', 'Chemical') :: ['diadenosine tetraphosphate', 'Ap4A', 'Diadenosine tetraphosphate'] @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['KC', 'keratoconus'] @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye'] @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase 9']
@entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['Keratoconus']
