The capacity of microbial products to inhibit @entity32 make them logical candidates for novel therapies in @entity56 such as @entity483 . To assess the effects of intradermal Mycobacterium vaccae derivative on allergen-specific immune responses in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity483 . Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from @entity1 aged 5-16 years who received intradermal injections of M. vaccae derivative AVAC(TM) (n   =   26) or placebo (n   =   34) three times at 2-weekly intervals, weeks 0, 2 and 4. Cytokine [interleukin (IL)-13, interferon (IFN)-y and @entity688 ] responses to allergen [ @entity6711 ( @entity6711 )], mitogen [phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)], Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands were assessed. At week 8 (1 month after all injections given) @entity1 in the AVAC group showed a significant increase in @entity688 (P   =   0  009), T helper type 1 (Th1) @entity379 (P   =   0  017) and Th2 @entity4047 (P   =   0  004) responses to @entity6711 compared with baseline (week 0). There were no significant changes in any cytokine production in the placebo. @entity6711 -specific @entity688 responses remained significantly higher (P   =   0  014) than at baseline in the AVAC group by week 12; however, the @entity6711 -specific @entity4047 and @entity379 responses were no longer significantly different from baseline. @entity4047 (r   =   0  46, P   <   0  001) and @entity688 (r   =   0  27, P   =   0  044) responses to @entity6711 were correlated with total immunoglobulin E but not with disease severity. There were no effects of AVAC on mitogen, SEB, @entity2938 - or @entity2939 -mediated responses. This M. vaccae derivative appeared to modulate responses to @entity6711 selectively, suggesting the capacity for in vivo effects on allergen-specific immune responses.

The effects of Mycobacteria vaccae derivative on allergen-specific responses in @entity1 with XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic inflammation'] @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis'] @entity4047 :: ('3596', 'Gene') :: ['IL-13'] @entity2938 :: ('7097', 'Gene') :: ['TLR-2'] @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases'] @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-y'] @entity2939 :: ('7099', 'Gene') :: ['TLR-4'] @entity688 :: ('3586', 'Gene') :: ['IL-10'] @entity6711 :: ('MESH:D008924', 'Disease') :: ['HDM', 'house dust mite']
@entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']
