INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to estimate the national impact of smoking, @entity167 , and drugs on mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The analysis was based on the cause of @entity204 register. Deaths attributable to smoking were calculated by an indirect method. Deaths related to @entity167 and drugs (illegal drugs and prescription drugs) were defined by the underlying and contributory causes of @entity204 . RESULTS: In the period, 1993-1997, 30% of all @entity204 in @entity1 and 20% in @entity1 were related to @entity286 , @entity167 , or drugs. The percentages of all @entity204 for @entity286 , @entity167 , and drugs were respectively 22.8%, 6.3%, and 1.2% for @entity1 and 16.5%, 2.5%, and 0.7% for @entity1 . Every year 12,000 Danes die 11-13 years prematurely, because of @entity286 , more than 2500 die more than 20 years prematurely, because of @entity167 , and about 600 die almost 30 years prematurely, because of drugs. The standardised lifetime risk of @entity204 from one of these three causes was about 30% for @entity1 , highest in the middle five-year period. For @entity1 --because of substantially increased mortality attributable to smoking--there was a large increase from 8% to 20%. In the municipality of Copenhagen, the lifetime risk for @entity1 was about 50%, for @entity1 it increased from 15% in the middle of the 1970s to more than 30% in the middle of the 1990s. For both @entity1 and @entity1 , mortality in the age group 35-74 declined sharply, when mortality related to the three causes was excluded. However, the heavy increase in smoking-related @entity204 in @entity1 means that the total mortality over the entire period has been almost constant. DISCUSSION: It is a tremendous challenge to change the impact of @entity286 , @entity167 , and drugs on mortality in Denmark.

[Impact of @entity286 , XXXX overconsumption and drug abuse on mortality in Denmark. Trends over 25 years, 1973-1997].

@entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'men'] @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']
@entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']
