PURPOSE: The addition of concomitant chemotherapy to preoperative radiotherapy is considered the standard of care for @entity1 with @entity15004 @entity5 . The combined treatment modality increases the complete response rate and local control (LC), but has no impact on survival or the incidence of distant metastases. In addition, it is associated with considerable @entity137 . As an alternative strategy, we explored prospectively, preoperative helical tomotherapy with a @entity15929 ( @entity15929 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 108 @entity1 were treated with intensity-modulated and image-guided radiotherapy using the Tomotherapy Hi-Art II system. A dose of 46 Gy, in daily fractions of 2 Gy, was delivered to the mesorectum and draining lymph nodes, without concomitant chemotherapy. @entity1 with an anticipated circumferential resection margin (CRM) of less than 2 mm, based on magnetic resonance imaging, received a @entity15929 to the @entity5 up to a total dose of 55.2 Gy. Acute and late side effects were scored using the National @entity5 Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0. RESULTS: A total of 102 @entity1 presented with @entity15004 @entity5 ; 57 @entity1 entered the boost group and 51 the no-boost group. One @entity1 in the no-boost group developed a radio-hypersensitivity reaction, resulting in a complete @entity5 remission, a Grade 3 acute and Grade 5 late @entity1681 . No other Grade >= 3 acute @entity137 occurred. With a median follow-up of 32 months, Grade >= 3 late @entity344 were observed in 6% and 4% of the @entity1 , respectively. The  actuarial 2-year LC, progression-free survival and overall survival were 98%, 79%, and 93%. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative helical tomotherapy displays a favorable acute @entity137 profile in @entity1 with @entity15004 @entity5 . A @entity15929 can be safely administered in @entity1 with a narrow CRM and resulted in a promising LC.

Phase II study of preoperative helical tomotherapy with a XXXX for @entity5 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors'] @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and urinary toxicity'] @entity15004 :: ('158809', 'Gene') :: ['cT3-4'] @entity15929 :: ('MESH:C565771', 'Disease') :: ['SIB', 'simultaneous integrated boost'] @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']
@entity15929 :: (MESH:C565771,Disease) :: ['simultaneous integrated boost']
