Interleukin-1beta ( @entity1356 ) is a central component in innate immunity and the inflammatory response of mammals. Only recently, the first non- @entity1 @entity1356 sequences were published. In this study, we describe a second @entity1356 sequence (IL-1beta2) in @entity7136 with 74% @entity535 identity to the @entity7136 IL-1beta1 sequence. The existence of two @entity1356 copies in the @entity7136 genome probably originates from the tetraploid nature of the species. In contrast to the first @entity7136 @entity1356 sequence, IL-1beta2 is represented by multiple genes with 95-99% identity. Detection of several IL-1beta2 sequences within individual homozygous fish suggests the presence of multiple copies of the IL-1beta2 gene in the @entity7136 genome, possibly as a result of subsequent gene duplication of IL-1beta2. In vivo, constitutive mRNA expression of both @entity1356 genes was found in healthy @entity7136 . IL-1beta2 mRNA expression could be up-regulated in head kidney cells similar to @entity7136 IL-1beta1, in vivo by infection with Trypanoplasma borreli and in vitro by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). @entity701 , the major glucocorticoid in fish, is an endocrine-derived fator mediating @entity1356 expression. Although constitutive @entity1356 expression was inhibited by a physiological dose of @entity701 , @entity701 synergistically enhanced LPS-induced @entity1356 expression in @entity7136 . Involvement of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB in expression of IL-1beta1 and IL-1beta2 was demonstrated. Ratio of @entity1356 expression was determined and this showed IL-1beta1 mRNA expression to be at least tenfold higher compared with IL-1beta2. The possibilities of IL-1beta2 being a functional gene or approaching pseudogene status are discussed.

Differential expression and haplotypic variation of two interleukin-1beta genes in the XXXX ( @entity7136 L.).

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian'] @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1beta'] @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid'] @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol'] @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['carp']
@entity7136 :: (7962,Species) :: ['common carp']
