@entity20647 ( @entity20647 ) is a growth factor. @entity20647 mimetics are on the market as treatments for type 2 diabetes and are well tolerated. These drugs have shown neuroprotective properties in animal models of neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the @entity20647 mimetic exendin-4 has shown protective effects in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), and a clinical trial in PD @entity1 showed promising first results. Liraglutide and lixisenatide are two newer @entity20647 mimetics which have a longer biological half-life than exendin-4. We previously showed that these drugs have neuroprotective properties in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Here we demonstrate the neuroprotective effects in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) @entity19 model of PD. MPTP was injected once-daily (20mg/kg i.p.) for 7 days, and drugs were injected once-daily for 14 days i.p. When comparing exendin-4 (10 nmol/kg), liraglutide (25 nmol/kg) and lixisenatide (10 nmol/kg), it was found that exendin-4 showed no protective effects at the dose chosen. Both liraglutide and lixisenatide showed effects in preventing the MPTP-induced motor impairment (Rotarod, open-field locomotion, catalepsy test), reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels (dopamine synthesis) in the substantia nigra and basal ganglia, a reduction of the pro-apoptotic signaling molecule @entity1380 and an increase in the anti-apoptotic signaling molecule @entity1892 . The results demonstrate that in this study, both liraglutide and lixisenatide are superior to exendin-4, and both drugs show promise as a novel treatment of PD.

Neuroprotective effects of lixisenatide and liraglutide in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine XXXX model of Parkinson's disease.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity1380 :: ('12028(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['BAX'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse'] @entity20647 :: ('14526(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GLP-1', 'Glucagon-like peptide 1'] @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma-2']
@entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']
