This paper reviews current concepts and results in the management of @entity9933 ( @entity9933 ). Diagnostic options are considered and the requirements for successful management defined. Chief amongst these is a multi-disciplinary approach with individualised @entity1 management. Severe long-segment @entity9933 represents the biggest challenge to clinicians and the worst problems for affected families. Near- @entity204 episodes are frequent in affected @entity1 and some cannot be ventilated and require ECMO. Associated @entity854 are frequent. @entity1 require immediate resuscitation and transfer to a specialist unit. After careful assessment, accurate diagnosis and discussion, primary resection and end-to-end repair with a slide technique should always be the first option, with concomitant repair of associated @entity299 . If this is impossible because of the severity of the lesion, some form of patch tracheoplasty will be indicated. Cardiopulmonary bypass is often required. Patches include pericardium, autograft @entity825 , carotid artery, cartilage, and allograft @entity825 . Mortality ranges from 0 to 30% in the literature, which largely comprises single-centre long-term experience. Recurrence is common and can be managed by stenting and tracheal homograft implantation. Long-term quality of life of survivors is little reported but seems good. Physiological data are lacking. To improve results, we suggest a treatment algorithm to rationalise care.

The management of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'infants'] @entity825 :: ('MESH:D055090', 'Disease') :: ['trachea'] @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular anomalies'] @entity9933 :: ('MESH:C536975', 'Disease') :: ['CTS', 'congenital tracheal stenosis'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac anomalies'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death']
@entity9933 :: (MESH:C536975,Disease) :: ['congenital tracheal stenosis']
