Studies in animals and @entity1 have demonstrated that an increased heart rate is a predictor for the development of @entity453 and overall cardiovascular mortality. In contrast, we have previously reported that the need for pacemaker implantation because of @entity1168 in heart transplant recipients is associated with an increased prevalence of transplant @entity453 (TxCAD). Hence, the relevance of changes in heart rate to the development of TxCAD remains unclear. Intra-coronary ultrasound examinations (ICUS) were therefore analyzed in 130 heart transplant recipients (age 50 +/- 11 yr) studied at annual evaluations (3.7 +/- 3.0 yr after transplantation). Quantitative ultrasound measurements were obtained by calculating mean coronary artery intimal thickness (MIT) obtained by examination of the left anterior descending artery. The presence of TxCAD was defined as MIT > 0.3 mm. Resting heart rates (HR) were recorded with the @entity1 in the supine position during routine echocardiography. Based on HR recordings, two groups were defined: group 1, HR below; or group 2, HR above the median. TxCAD was detected in 40% of the ICUS studies overall. The prevalence of TxCAD was higher in group 1 (49%) compared with group 2 (33%), p < 0.05. There was no significant difference in donor ischemic time or donor gender, recipient age, gender, body weight, @entity2834 status, @entity1011 , total @entity165 , use of lipid lowering drugs or @entity3988 . Donor age and use of beta-blockers were higher in group 1 compared with group 2 (29 +/- 10 vs. 25 +/- 9 yr, and 15% vs. 5%, for donor age and beta-blocker use, respectively). By multivariate regression analysis only donor age and years after transplantation were independently correlated with TxCAD. After excluding @entity1 taking beta-blockers and diltiazem, the prevalence of CAD was still higher in group 1 (50%) vs. group 2 (34%). In conclusion, transplant @entity453 is more prevalent in @entity1 with lower, rather than higher, heart rates. The reason for this is unclear, but may reflect impaired blood flow to the sinoatrial node.

Importance of @entity1168 in predicting transplant XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients'] @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem'] @entity2834 :: ('12305', 'Species') :: ['CMV'] @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine'] @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'coronary atherosclerosis'] @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia'] @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']
@entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']
