OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between ambient concentrations of air pollutants and respiratory and cardiovascular mortalities in Hong Kong. METHODS: Retrospective ecological study. A Poisson regression of concentrations of daily air pollutants on daily mortalities for respiratory and @entity65 in Hong Kong from 1995 to the end of 1998 was performed using the air pollution and health: the European approach (APHEA) protocol. The effects of time trend, seasonal variations, temperature, and humidity were adjusted. Autocorrelation and overdispersion were corrected. Daily concentrations of @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ), @entity12546 ( @entity9734 ), @entity1787 (O3), and particulate matter <10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) were averaged from eight monitoring stations in Hong Kong. Relative risks (RRs) of respiratory and cardiovascular mortalities (per 10 microg/m(3) increase in air pollutant concentration) were calculated. RESULTS: Significant associations were found between mortalities for all @entity1576 and @entity299 ( @entity299 ) and the concentrations of all pollutants when analysed singly. The RRs for all respiratory mortalities (for a 10 microg/m(3) increase in the concentration of a pollutant) ranged from 1.008 (for PM10) to 1.015 (for @entity9734 ) and were higher for @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) with all pollutants except @entity9734 , ranging from 1.017 (for PM10) to 1.034 (for O3). RRs for @entity299 ranged from 1.009 (for O3) to 1.028 (for @entity9734 ). In a multipollutant model, O3 and @entity9734 were significantly associated with all respiratory mortalities, whereas @entity6836 was associated with mortality from @entity299 . No interactions were detected between any of the pollutants or with the winter season. A dose-response effect was evident for all air pollutants. Harvesting was not found in the short term. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality risks were detected at current ambient concentrations of air pollutants. The associations with the particulates and some gaseous pollutants when analysed singly were consistent with many reported in temperate countries. PM10 was not associated with respiratory or cardiovascular mortalities in multipollutant analyses.

Associations between daily mortalities from respiratory and XXXX and air pollution in Hong Kong, China.

@entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide'] @entity12546 :: ('CHEBI:18422', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphur dioxide'] @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['COPD', 'chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases'] @entity1787 :: ('MESH:D010126', 'Chemical') :: ['ozone'] @entity6836 :: ('CHEBI:29785', 'Chemical') :: ['NO2'] @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischaemic heart diseases'] @entity9734 :: ('CHEBI:29825', 'Chemical') :: ['SO2'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']
@entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular diseases']
