To date, @entity63 preconditioning is regarded as the most powerful form of endogenous @entity296 . For the purpose of surgical @entity296 , a few clinical studies have investigated the effects of @entity63 preconditioning in conjunction with @entity2332 or @entity1503 during open heart surgery, but the results were controversial. We now tested the hypothesis that preconditioning improves @entity296 in @entity1 undergoing cold crystalloid @entity1167 . 36 @entity1 needing mitral prosthetic valve replacement for @entity6331 were studied. @entity1 were evenly divided into two groups at random. Preconditioning was elicited by two cycles of 3 minutes @entity63 by occlusion of vena cava and aortic cross-clamping followed by 2 minutes reperfusion under cardiopulmonary bypass. All hearts were arrested using 4 degrees C St. Thomas' Hospital solution before the intracardiac operative program. Myocardial protective effects were mainly assessed by electrocardiac activities, leakage of myocardial enzymes, myocardial contractility, and early postoperative recovery. The results indicated that there was a significant reduction of ST-segment shifting (ST-segment elevation, 0.07 +/- 0.02 vs 0.22 +/- 0.07 mV, p < 0.05, at 4 hours post reperfusion) and smaller release of @entity908 kinase-MB (87 +/- 11.5 vs 143 +/- 17.2 IU/L, p < 0.05, at 12 hours post reperfusion) in the preconditioning group. Preconditioning also enhanced myocardial contractility (dp/dtmax = 1490 +/- 75 vs 1280 +/- 88 mmHg/sec, at 30 minutes post reperfusion, p < 0.05) and promoted early postoperative recovery. The present study suggests that @entity63 preconditioning reduces @entity63 -reperfusion injury in @entity1 hearts even when combined with cold crystalloid cardioplegia.

Preconditioning enhances XXXX in @entity1 undergoing open heart surgery.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients'] @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease'] @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial protection'] @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic'] @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine'] @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cardioplegia'] @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic arrest'] @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']
@entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial protection']
