BACKGROUND: @entity32 and @entity356 are often observed in biopsy specimens from the duodenal bulb of Heliobacter @entity1534 positive @entity1 with @entity4773 ( @entity4773 ). AIMS: We set out to investigate the prevalence of these lesions and their associations with other gastric and duodenal histopathological lesions. @entity1 : A total of 1255 consecutive @entity1 who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were recruited into the present study. METHODS: Two biopsy specimens were obtained from each of the following sites: duodenal bulb, gastric antrum, gastric body, and distal to the superior duodenal angle. These specimens were stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 , alcian blue periodic acid Schiff (pH 2.5) and modified Giemsa (Heliobacter @entity1534 infection was determined only by histology). RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 57 years, and male:female ratio 1:1.6. Overall, 235 (19%) had @entity356 in the duodenal bulb mucosa, and @entity1534 organisms could be found in 17 (1%). In univariate analyses, @entity356 and/or chronic @entity32 positively associated with male sex (p = 0.046), Heliobacter @entity1534 -positive chronic @entity3621 (p = 0.033), villous @entity194 , i.e., @entity66 (p < 0.001), duodenal ulcer (p < 0.001), and @entity85 and @entity2318 in endoscopy (p < 0.001), but not with age (p = 0.7) nor use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (p = 0.055). Multivariate analysis revealed that independent risk factors for @entity356 and chronic @entity32 in duodenal bulb were duodenal Heliobacter @entity1534 infection (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval CI 1.1-2.1), and villous atrophy of the distal duodenal mucosa (odds ratio 12.7, 95% CI 4.4-36.5), while chronic @entity4726 was protective against them (odds ratio 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.8). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to Heliobacter @entity1534 infection, duodenal @entity356 and chronic @entity32 may result from predisposition to toxic dietary components in gluten-sensitive subjects.

@entity356 and chronic XXXX at the duodenal bulb mucosa.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'duodenal bulb inflammation', 'Chronic inflammation'] @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease'] @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['scarring'] @entity1711 :: ('MESH:D004801', 'Chemical') :: ['eosin'] @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal ulcer disease', 'DU'] @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin'] @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of distal duodenal mucosa'] @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis'] @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['pylori', 'H. pylori'] @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal bulb deformity'] @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric metaplasia and/or chronic inflammation', 'bulb gastric metaplasia', 'gastric metaplasia']
@entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']
