Antimicrobial resistance among the Viridans group of streptococci (VGS) has emerged as a hindrance to effective antibiotic therapy. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant VGS in healthy @entity1 . Plaque samples were collected from tooth and tongue surfaces of 102 healthy subjects. Serially diluted samples were inoculated onto BHI agar plates and Mitis Salivarius Agar (MSA) plates and incubated as appropriate. Representative colonies were identified to species level by standard methods. Susceptibility of the VGS was performed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 11 antibiotics using Etest. Of the 540 VGS isolates from both sites, 58% were from the tooth surfaces and 42% from the tongue. The most prevalent were @entity20842 (21.5%) and @entity885 (16.3%). Imipenem and @entity2176 had excellent activities. Resistance rates to @entity206 , @entity115 , @entity3400 , @entity2929 , @entity2261 and @entity5821 , were 60.7, 40.8, 34.7, 32.6, 27.5 and 25.3%, respectively. Resistance rates to @entity114 and @entity3402 were 15.9% and 15.4%, respectively. The majority of the @entity2929 -resistant isolates were from the tongue; 41% versus 29%. At the species level, 26% and 23% of @entity20842 and 23% and 14% of @entity6586 from the tooth and tongue, respectively were resistant to @entity114 . The data show species-related and site-related variations in the susceptibility pattern and an emerging high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant VGS. The difference in the susceptibilities between the species underscores the importance of accurate-identification and the need for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates in our hospitals.

High frequency of isolation of antibiotic-resistant oral Viridans streptococci from XXXX in Kuwait.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children'] @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime'] @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['S. mutans'] @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin'] @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin'] @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin'] @entity20842 :: ('1304', 'Species') :: ['S. salivarius'] @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin'] @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin'] @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin'] @entity885 :: ('1305', 'Species') :: ['S. sanguis'] @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin'] @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']
