Female C57BL/6 @entity19 were exposed to mainstream cigarette smoke at 600    g @entity70444 days/week for up to 52 weeks. At 26, 52 and 65 weeks (52 weeks of exposure plus 13 weeks of no exposure), lungs were assessed for @entity32 , function, histopathology and morphometry. Structural changes were observed and accompanied by altered lung function at 26 and 52 weeks (e.g. increase of static compliance and hysteresis, and decrease of elastance). Lung morphometry quantified significant increase in airspace enlargement at 52 weeks. Chronic smoke exposure induced @entity32 in respiratory organs, e.g. mixed inflammatory cell infiltrates, perivascular lymphocyte infiltrates and pigmented alveolar macrophages in the lungs. Minimal or mild @entity133 was diagnosed in 70% by 26 weeks or 80% by 52 weeks. After 13 weeks of recovery, most biochemical, histopathological and morphometrical alterations were restored, while @entity2415 was observed to persist at 18% incidence by 65 weeks. In conclusion, the employed exposure conditions induced emphysematous changes in the lungs, accompanied by altered lung function and morphological/histopathological changes. Following the 13 weeks of no exposure, morphological changes persisted, although some functional/biochemical alterations regressed.

Characterization of biochemical, functional and structural changes in XXXX respiratory organs chronically exposed to cigarette smoke.

@entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema'] @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar emphysema'] @entity70444 :: ('654462(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['WTPM/L, 4   h/day and 5']
@entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']
