BACKGROUND: Early onset of persistent @entity2346 media is a priority issue for Australian Indigenous populations. The objective is to determine the direct and short-term impact of one, two and three doses of any pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ( @entity1485 ) formulation on nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage of @entity328 (Spn) and non-typeable @entity327 (NTHi), the otopathogens targeted by current PCVs. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE (PubMed) and CENTRAL (Cochrane Library) to 29 September 2015. We also scanned reference lists of recent reviews and contacted authors. We included @entity23 ( @entity23 ) with a @entity1485 schedule commencing  <=3 months of age that reported controlled non-cumulative group-specific prevalence data for carriage of Spn or NTHi at age<12 months. We performed a standard risk of bias assessment. We estimated the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for each vaccine dose on NP carriage by meta-analysis. RESULTS: We included 16 @entity23 involving 14,776 @entity1 . The PCVs were conjugated to diphtheria toxin CRM197, diphtheria toxoid, @entity116 toxoid or NTHi protein D and varied in valency (4-13). Controls were non-PCVs, placebo or no vaccine. The earliest carriage outcome was from 2 to 9 months of age. Compared to controls, there were no significant differences between one or two doses of @entity1485 on @entity6831 ( @entity6831 ) pneumococcal carriage at    4 and    6 months respectively. However, @entity6831 carriage was significantly lower at    7 months RR 0.67 95%CI 0.56-0.81 from 9 studies and 7613 @entity1 and non-vaccine type (NVT) carriage was higher RR 1.23 95%CI 1.09-1.40 from 8 studies and 5861 @entity1 . No impact on overall pneumococcal or NTHi carriage was found. CONCLUSIONS: The primary @entity1485 schedule had no significant short-term impact on overall pneumococcal or NTHi NP carriage and a limited impact on @entity6831 pneumococcal carriage before the third dose.

The short-term impact of each primary dose of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage: Systematic review and meta-analyses of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'infants'] @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae'] @entity6831 :: ('MESH:D004673', 'Disease') :: ['vaccine-type', 'VT'] @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomised controlled trials', 'RCTs'] @entity1485 :: ('158372', 'Species') :: ['PCV'] @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetanus'] @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae'] @entity2346 :: ('MESH:D010031', 'Disease') :: ['otitis']
@entity23 :: (MESH:D007174,Disease) :: ['randomised controlled trials']
