BACKGROUND: @entity5735 inhibitors (DPP4Is) are drugs for the treatment of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). There is increasing evidence that DPP4Is may result in suppression of the immune system and may increase the risk of infections such as @entity55 . Aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the use of DPP4Is and the risk of @entity55 in a population-based study. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort study using data from the world's largest primary care database, the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). We selected all users of @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ), including DPP4Is, between 2007 and 2012. To each NIAD user, we matched randomly selected non-users. The NIAD user's first prescription defined the index date, which was then assigned to the matched non-users. @entity1 were followed from their first prescription until end of data collection or the first event of @entity55 , whichever came first. Cox regression analysis estimated the association between @entity55 and current use of DPP4Is versus 1) current use of other @entity2175 and 2) non-users. DPP4I use was then stratified to daily and cumulative dose. Analyses were statistically adjusted for age, sex, lifestyle factors and comorbidities and concomitant use of various other drugs. RESULTS: Risk of @entity55 was not increased with current DPP4I use versus use of other @entity2175 , adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.70; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.55-0.91. Also higher cumulative doses or daily doses did not further increase risk of @entity55 . CONCLUSION: We found no increased risk of @entity55 in @entity6 @entity1 using DPP4Is compared to @entity6 @entity1 using other @entity2175 . Our finding is in line with direct and indirect evidence from observational studies and RCTs. There is probably no need to avoid prescribing of DPP4Is to elderly @entity1 who are at risk of @entity55 .

Use of XXXX Inhibitors and the Risk of Pneumonia: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

@entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIADs', 'non-insulin antidiabetic drugs'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus'] @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']
@entity5735 :: (1803,Gene) :: ['Dipeptidyl-Peptidase-4']
