PURPOSE: To establish an experimental model for @entity599 mustard-induced acute and delayed @entity3217 in @entity95 . METHODS: @entity95 eyes were exposed to @entity599 mustard ( @entity2033 ) vapor (370, 420 microg/l) for a period of two minutes. A three months follow-up study was carried out, based on the evaluation of clinical, biochemical and histological parameters. RESULTS: @entity2033 exposure initiated typical clinical symptoms within 2-6 hrs, characterized by eye closure, @entity4 , @entity3169 , @entity2687 and @entity32 . The clinical signs were significantly dose-dependent and reached a peak at 24--72 hrs post exposure. Biochemical evaluation of the aqueous humor exhibited an inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress at 4 hrs after exposure, subsiding at 28 hrs after exposure. Histological examination of corneas at 48 hrs revealed epithelial denudation and marked stromal @entity4 , accompanied by cellular infiltration. Epithelial regeneration started after 72 hrs, and recovery was almost completed within 1--2 weeks, depending on the @entity2033 dose. A second phase of pathological processes started as early as two weeks post exposure and was characterized by @entity3279 , @entity231 , recurrent @entity2681 . The delayed @entity130 were found in 25 and 40% of the eyes respectively, and when appearing, were more severe than the initial ones. CONCLUSIONS: The development of @entity2033 -induced @entity3217 in @entity95 is similar to the lesions described in @entity1 casualties. Quantitative analysis of the various clinical parameters emphasizes the contribution of each tissue to the overall toxic picture. Our experimental model is useful for studying the pathological mechanisms of @entity3217 , and may serve for testing potential therapies.

Characterization of acute and delayed @entity3217 induced by XXXX mustard in @entity95 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['ocular lesions', 'HD-ocular lesions'] @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['opacity'] @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['erosions and neovascularization'] @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['eyelid swelling', 'edema'] @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'Rabbit'] @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ['HD'] @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal erosions'] @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival hyperemia'] @entity599 :: ('MESH:D013455', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur'] @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']
@entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']
