BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and @entity377 -binding oligomerisation domain (NOD) 2 recognize distinct pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMS) on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm, respectively. Since they may contribute to susceptibility to spontaneous @entity298 (SBP), we studied the effects of @entity2938 gene variants on susceptibility for SBP in relation to the previously reported @entity6820 alleles. METHODS: Overall, 150 @entity1 with @entity1575 and @entity843 were genotyped for @entity2938 gene variants -16934 ( @entity70275 ), @entity20233 ( @entity70276 ), @entity64674 ( @entity64673 ) and the @entity2938 @entity1422 microsatellite polymorphism in intron 2. @entity1 were monitored for SBP over two years. @entity2938 SNPs were identified by hybridization probe assays on a LightCycler system. Numbers of @entity1422 repeats were determined with an ABI310 sequencer and Genescan Analysis 2.1 software. RESULTS: Fifty two @entity1 (35%) had SBP. Unlike the @entity2938 @entity20233 and @entity64674 mutations, SBP was significantly more frequent in @entity1 with the @entity2938 -16934 TT genotype (38.5% vs. 15.3%; p = 0.002) and in carriers with two long tandem @entity1422 repeat alleles (>20) (53.8% vs. 25.5%; p = 0.001). A multivariate analysis confirmed @entity2938 @entity1422 microsatellite polymorphism (OR = 3.8, p = 0.002) and @entity6820 variants (OR = 3.3, p = 0.011) as independent predictors of SBP, and the simultaneous presence of both risk factors indicated a particularly high risk for SBP (OR = 11.3, p = 0.00002). CONCLUSIONS: Analogous to @entity6820 risk variants, @entity2938 polymorphisms indicate increased susceptibility toward SBP in cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity843 , and the combination of the @entity2938 @entity1422 microsatellite polymorphism with at least one @entity6820 risk variant enables improved identification of @entity1 with a high risk for SBP.

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 promoter and intron 2 polymorphisms are associated with increased risk for spontaneous XXXX in @entity1575 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity20233 :: ('p|SUB|R|753|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg753Gln'] @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['ascites'] @entity64673 :: ('rs5743704', 'SNP') :: ['rs5743704'] @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide'] @entity2938 :: ('7097', 'Gene') :: ['TLR2'] @entity64674 :: ('p|SUB|P|631|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Pro631His'] @entity6820 :: ('64127', 'Gene') :: ['NOD2'] @entity70276 :: ('rs5743708', 'SNP') :: ['rs5743708'] @entity70275 :: ('rs4696480', 'SNP') :: ['rs4696480'] @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis'] @entity1422 :: ('MESH:D013915', 'Disease') :: ['GT'] @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial peritonitis']
@entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['bacterial peritonitis']
