BACKGROUND: Renal transplant recipients are predisposed to superficial @entity364 caused by graft-preserving immunosuppressive therapy. Reports have documented a wide range of prevalence rates for superficial @entity364 in this @entity1 group. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical and mycological features of superficial @entity364 in renal transplant recipients at our center. METHODS: One hundred two consecutively registered renal transplant recipients (34 @entity1 , 68 @entity1 ) and 88 healthy age- and sex-matched @entity1 acting as controls (30 @entity1 , 58 @entity1 ) underwent screening for the presence of superficial @entity364 . Skin scrapings and swabs were obtained from the dorsum of the tongue, upper part of the back, toe webs, and any suspicious lesions. Nail clippings were also collected. All samples were examined by direct microscopy and were stained with calcofluor white. The samples were cultured in Sabouraud dextrose agar, mycobiotic agar, and dermatophyte test medium. Candida species were identified on the basis of germ-tube production, spore formation in cornmeal agar, and results of biochemical testing. Dermatophytes were identified on the basis of colonial and microscopic morphologic features in conjunction with results of physiologic evaluation (in vitro hair perforation test, urease activity, temperature tolerance test, and nutritional test). RESULTS: Sixty-five (63.7%) of the 102 renal transplant recipients had @entity5253 , @entity4013 , or @entity9585 versicolor, whereas only 27 (30.7%) of controls had @entity364 . Pityriasis versicolor was the most common @entity364 in the @entity1 group (36.3%), followed by @entity5253 (25.5%), @entity6313 (12.7%), and @entity364 (11.8%). Pityriasis versicolor and @entity5253 were significantly more common among the renal transplant recipients, whereas the frequency of @entity4013 in @entity1 and controls was similar. @entity5132 was the main agent responsible for @entity5253 , and @entity12734 was the most common dermatophyte isolated. Analysis showed that age, sex, and duration of immunosuppression did not significantly affect the prevalence of superficial @entity364 . @entity205 treatment and @entity500 therapy were identified as independent risk factors for superficial @entity364 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity1292 with Pityrosporum ovale and @entity5132 is increased among renal transplant recipients, probably owing to the immunosuppressed state of this @entity1 population. However, renal transplant recipients are not at increased risk of @entity4013 .

Superficial XXXX in 102 renal transplant recipients: a case-control study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons', 'men'] @entity5253 :: ('MESH:D002180', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous-oral candidiasis', 'oral candidiasis'] @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['dermatophytosis'] @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine'] @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['onychomycosis'] @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['C albicans', 'Candida albicans'] @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine'] @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal toe-web infection', 'fungal infections', 'fungal infection', 'fungal disease'] @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections'] @entity9585 :: ('MESH:D010915', 'Disease') :: ['pityriasis'] @entity12734 :: ('5551', 'Species') :: ['Trichophyton rubrum']
@entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']
