Objective To compare the utility of Gram staining, a urinary antigen detection kit and a sputum antigen detection kit were examined for the rapid and early detection of @entity2258 and lower respiratory infectious diseases. Methods A newly developed sputum pneumococcal antigen detection kit (RAPIRUN), Gram staining, and urinary antigen detection kit (BinaxNOW) were comparatively evaluated for their ability to detect @entity328 in @entity1 with @entity55 or lower respiratory tract @entity281 . Sputum culture results were used as a standard for comparison. Furthermore, the pneumococcus-positive rates in culture and rapid tests were compared using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a reference. Results Of the 169 @entity1 studied, 54 (32.0%) tested positive for @entity2260 in culture. @entity2260 detection sensitivities for Gram staining, RAPIRUN, and BinaxNOW were 75.9%, 90.7%, and 53.7%, respectively; thus, RAPIRUN had a significantly higher sensitivity than BinaxNOW (p<0.001). For @entity1 with >= 10(5) copies/ g of pneumococcal surface protein A DNA PCR analysis, the detection rates of culture, Gram staining, and RAPIRUN were 85.2%, 72.1%, and 82.0%, respectively, however, the detection rate of BinaxNOW was only 47.5%. Comparisons among 45 @entity1 with culture-positive @entity2258 revealed that RAPIRUN had a significantly higher detection rate than BinaxNOW in the mild cases (p<0.006), regardless of the number of days from onset (p<0.03). Conclusion RAPIRUN is a rapid testing kit that detects @entity2260 in sputum with a high sensitivity and specificity. It is a particularly more useful detection kit than BinaxNOW for early and mild community-acquired @entity55 in pre-treatment @entity1 whose sputum specimens can be obtained.

Utility of a Sputum Antigen Detection Test in XXXX and Lower Respiratory Infectious Disease in Adults.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia'] @entity2260 :: ('2104', 'Species') :: ['S. pneumoniae'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection'] @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal pneumonia'] @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']
@entity2258 :: (MESH:D011018,Disease) :: ['Pneumococcal Pneumonia']
