OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of a standard American diet, a traditional low-fat diet, and a low-fat diet containing the fat substitute olestra on risk factors for @entity299 and @entity6 . DESIGN: A 9-month, double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm, feeding study comparing three diets: (1). control (33% fat), (2). fat-reduced (FR; 25% fat), and (3). fat-substituted (FS) where olestra replaced 1/3 of dietary fat (33% lipid and 25% digestible fat). Subjects were allowed to adjust their total energy intake as desired, allowing weight to fluctuate. SUBJECTS: A total of 37 healthy, @entity28 @entity1 (age 36.7+/-1.3 y; body mass index 30.8+/-0.4 kg/m(2)). MEASUREMENTS: Body weight and composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, serum lipids, lipoproteins, hemostatic factors, @entity413 , insulin, and leptin at baseline and every 3 months. RESULTS: The FS group lost 6.27 kg of body weight by 9 months vs 4.0 kg in the control and 1.79 kg in the FR groups. There was a significant diet main effect on @entity165 (P=0.002), low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (P=0.003), and @entity1674 (P=0.01), all of which decreased in the FS group but not the other groups by 9 months. @entity755 ( @entity755 ) increased in the FR and control groups but was unchanged in the FS group (diet main effect P=0.04). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 increased in all groups over 9 months (time main effect P=0.0001). Time main effects were also observed for @entity165 , @entity1675 , @entity755 , Factor VII, diastolic blood pressure, and @entity413 . After adjustment for % fat loss at 9 months, the effects of diet on change in risk factors remained significant only for @entity1674 . DISCUSSION: Consumption of a low-fat diet containing olestra for 9 months produced significant improvement in cardiovascular risk factors, an effect largely explained by @entity353 . Long-term low-fat diet consumption with or without olestra does not decrease HDL @entity165 .

Consumption of a controlled low-fat diet containing olestra for 9 months improves health risk factors in conjunction with @entity353 in XXXX @entity1 : the Ole' Study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men'] @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss'] @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes'] @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides'] @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['ApoB', 'Apolipoprotein B'] @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['ApoA1'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose'] @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']
@entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']
