UNASSIGNED: Immune-mediated @entity3145 or @entity56 can be mediated by autospecific IgG antibodies. Pathology results from activation of complement, and antibody-dependent cellular @entity137 , mediated by inflammatory effector leukocytes include macrophages, natural killer cells, and granulocytes. Antibodies and complement have been associated to demyelinating @entity4122 in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) lesions, where macrophages predominate among infiltrating myeloid cells. Serum-derived autoantibodies with predominant specificity for the astrocyte water channel aquaporin-4 ( @entity22440 ) are implicated as inducers of @entity4122 in @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ), a central nervous system (CNS) @entity17 where activated neutrophils infiltrate, unlike in @entity15 . The most widely used model for @entity15 , experimental autoimmune @entity1651 , is an autoantigen-immunized disease that can be transferred to naive animals with CD4(+) T cells, but not with antibodies. By contrast, @entity1652 -like astrocyte and myelin @entity4122 can be transferred to @entity19 with @entity22440 -IgG from @entity1652 @entity1 . This is dependent on complement, and does not require T cells. Consistent with clinical observations that interferon-beta is ineffective as a therapy for @entity1652 , @entity1652 -like @entity4122 is significantly reduced in @entity19 lacking the Type I IFN receptor. In @entity15 , there is evidence for intrathecal synthesis of antibodies as well as blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, whereas in @entity1652 , IgG accesses the CNS from blood. Transfer models involve either direct injection of antibody and complement to the CNS, or experimental manipulations to induce BBB breakdown. We here review studies in @entity15 and @entity1652 that elucidate roles for IgG and complement in the induction of BBB breakdown, astrocytopathy, and demyelinating @entity4122 . These studies point to significance of T-independent effector mechanisms in neuroinflammation.

XXXX Responses in the Central Nervous System.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating disease'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity'] @entity4122 :: ('MESH:D004108', 'Disease') :: ['pathology'] @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage'] @entity22440 :: ('11829(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['AQP4'] @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['NMO', 'neuromyelitis optica'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity'] @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis'] @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']
@entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Hypersensitivity']
