OBJECTIVE: To assess the design, delivery and outcomes of interventions to improve adherence to treatment for paediatric @entity378 in low- and middle-income countries and develop a contextual framework for such interventions. METHODS: We searched PubMed and Cochrane databases for reports published between 1 January 2003 and 1 December 2013 on interventions to improve adherence to treatment for @entity378 that included @entity1 younger than 20 years who lived in a low- or middle-income country. For potentially relevant articles that lacked paediatric outcomes, we contacted the authors of the studies. We assessed heterogeneity and risk of bias. To evaluate treatment success - i.e. the combination of treatment completion and cure - we performed random-effects meta-analysis. We identified areas of need for improved intervention practices. FINDINGS: We included 15 studies in 11 countries for the qualitative analysis and of these studies, 11 qualified for the meta-analysis - representing 1279 @entity1 . Of the interventions described in the 15 studies, two focused on education, one on psychosocial support, seven on care delivery, four on health systems and one on financial provisions. The @entity1 in intervention arms had higher rates of treatment success, compared with those in control groups (odds ratio: 3.02; 95% confidence interval: 2.19-4.15). Using the results of our analyses, we developed a framework around factors that promoted or threatened treatment completion. CONCLUSION: Various interventions to improve adherence to treatment for paediatric @entity378 appear both feasible and effective in low- and middle-income countries.

Interventions to improve adherence to treatment for paediatric XXXX in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children'] @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']
@entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']
