BACKGROUND: Norwalk-like viruses are the most common cause of @entity1902 outbreaks and sporadic cases of @entity391 and @entity294 . In healthy individuals @entity281 is often mild and short-lived but in debilitated @entity1 @entity281 can be severe. It is essential that the virus laboratory can offer a sensitive and specific test, delivered in a timely manner. METHODS: We have developed a nested reverse transcriptase PCR based on published primers against the RNA polymerase gene and after comparison with electronmicroscopy used the assay to investigate 31 outbreaks of @entity1902 . These were in diverse situations including nursing homes, small district hospitals, large general hospitals, a ferry ship, hotels, restaurants and staff canteens. RESULTS: A positive diagnosis was made in 30/31 outbreaks investigated giving an overall outbreak positive detection rate of 97%. At an individual @entity1 level there was a positive diagnostic rate of 11.5% in a large hospital environment to 100% in smaller outbreak situations. The average @entity1 positive rate was 34%. In addition we investigated 532 control faecal specimens from adults. Of these 530 were negative and 2 were repeatedly positive. CONCLUSIONS: It is essential that insensitive electronmicroscopy is replaced with the more sensitive reverse transcription PCR assays. These tests should be made available "on call" at weekends and public holidays. It is also important that outbreaks of NLV @entity281 are monitored using sensitive RT-PCR assays so that the laboratory information can be used in ascertaining the spread and duration of the outbreak.

XXXX outbreaks associated with Norwalk-like viruses and their investigation by nested RT-PCR.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea'] @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting'] @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']
@entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['Gastroenteritis']
