Fatty acids modulate the responses of cells of the immune system. Inflammatory and immune responses in @entity1 receiving parenteral nutrition may be modulated by the type of lipid used, which may influence clinical outcomes. Lipid emulsions based solely upon @entity1460 oil may not be optimal because of the role of n-6 @entity1718 in promoting @entity32 and suppressing immune responses. Lipid emulsions with @entity1460 oil in various combinations with medium-chain @entity1674 (MCTs), olive oil and fish oil are available. Some early studies have suggested better immune function with MCT- @entity1460 oil than with @entity1460 oil alone, but the differences were small, and more recent studies suggested little difference between @entity1460 oil, MCT- @entity1460 oil and @entity1460 oil-olive oil regarding markers of @entity32 and immunity. The inclusion of fish oil in combination with one or more other oils (i.e. @entity1460 , MCT, olive) in the parenteral regimen administered to @entity1 following major gastrointestinal surgery reduces the post-surgery rise in inflammatory markers and the fall in cell-mediated immune markers. These changes are associated with improvements in clinical outcomes. Whether similar effects of intravenous fish oil occur in @entity3124 @entity1 is not clear at present because of the small number, small size and variable findings of existing studies. The lipid component of parenteral nutrition may modify inflammatory and immune processes in ways that influence @entity1 outcome. The inclusion of fish oil in parenteral nutrition for post-surgical @entity1 is associated with benefits. The situation regarding @entity3124 @entity1 is not clear.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

XXXX , lipid emulsions and the immune and inflammatory systems.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides'] @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill'] @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['soybean'] @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']
@entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['Fatty acids']
