Nine groups each of four fish were injected with a single intramuscular dose of the following preparations: Physiological saline (0.9% @entity1219 ) as a control group, 0.5 ml kg(-1) Ovaprim, 20 and 40  g kg(-1) BW of @entity4397 , 8 and 16 mL kg(-1) @entity1766 tablets and the following combination of @entity4397 with @entity1766 (GP): 20  g + 4 mg, 30  g + 8 mg and 40  g + 16 mg kg(-1) BW. The primary oocyte diameter (POD) before hormone administration ranged from 943.3 to 1071.0  m. The latency periods (LP) were in the range of 9.0 to 12.0 h after injection. The highest ovulation ratio (OR) was observed in groups Ovaprim, GP(30 + 8) and GP(40 + 16). Other treatments were effective for ovulation, the ovulation ratio in Groups G(40) and GP(20 + 4) were significantly higher than G(20) treatment. The @entity894 ( @entity894 ) was in the range 62 to 77% and showed significant differences among groups. There was no significant difference in fertilization ratio (FR) among Ovaprim, GP(30 + 8) and GP(40 + 16) groups, while there were significant difference between the previous group and G(20) and G(40) groups. Control, P8, P16 showed negative results in all the parameters LP, OED, OR, @entity894 and FR. Levels of sex @entity230 were analyzed on 6 and 12 h after initiation of treatments. A significant increase in plasma E(2) with GP(30 + 8) injection was observed 6 and 12 h after injection, while there were no significant increase between all the other groups 6 h after injection. Treatments with GP(20 + 4) resulted in a significant increase in plasma T concentration in females compared with control after 6 h. In contrast, plasma T and E(2) concentrations were lower during the combined GP(20 + 4), GP(30 + 8) and GP(40 + 16) after 12 h than after 16 h of injection. The combined treatments ( @entity4397 + @entity20571 ) are better compared with Ovaprim which gave the same results, they have some advantages, such as reliable response and low cost. Ovaprim is more than 3 to 5-fold of the cost of ( @entity1176 + @entity20571 ). Therefore, this method could be useful tool for commercial catfish breeders to ensure spawning success.

Effect of @entity4397 , XXXX and Ovaprim on ovulation and plasma sex steroid hormones in African catfish Clarias gariepinus.

@entity1766 :: ('MESH:D010868', 'Chemical') :: ['pimozide'] @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['OI', 'ovulation index'] @entity1219 :: ('CHEBI:26710', 'Chemical') :: ['NaCl'] @entity20571 :: ('5292', 'Gene') :: ['PIM'] @entity4397 :: ('CHEBI:63533', 'Chemical') :: ['GnRHa'] @entity1176 :: ('MESH:D007987', 'Chemical') :: ['GnRH'] @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']
@entity1766 :: (MESH:D010868,Chemical) :: ['pimozide']
