A microfluidic device combined with a light modulation system was developed to assess the inhibitory effect of carrageenan on @entity778 via real-time monitoring of cellular @entity26 consumption rates (OCRs). Measuring cellular OCRs, which can reflect cellular metabolic activity, enabled us to monitor the process of @entity1800 in real time and to rapidly determine the antiviral activity of potential drugs/chemical compounds. The time variation of the cellular OCR of single cells that were infected in situ by DENV at different multiplicity of @entity281 (m.o.i.) values was first successfully measured within a microfluidic device. The influence of the timing of carrageenan treatment on DENV @entity281 was then examined by real-time monitoring of cellular OCRs in three groups. Cells that were pre-treated with carrageenan and then infected with DENV served as a pre-treatment group, cells to which carrageenan was added simultaneously with DENV served as a virucide group, and cells that were pre-infected with DENV and then treated with carrageenan served as a post-treatment group. By monitoring cellular OCRs, we could rapidly evaluate the inhibitory effect of carrageenan on DENV @entity281 , obtaining a result within 7   h and showing that carrageenan had strong and effective anti-DENV activity in the three groups. In particular, a strong inhibitory effect was observed in the virucide group. Moreover, once the virus enters host cells in the post-treatment group, the immediate treatment with carrageenan for the infected cells has higher efficiency of antiviral activity. Our proposed platform enables to perform time-course or dose-response measurements of changes in cellular metabolic activity caused by diseases, chemical compounds, and drugs via monitoring of the cellular OCR, with rapid and real-time detection. This approach provides the potential to study a wide range of biological applications in cell-based biosensing, toxicology, and drug discovery.

Assessment of the @entity778 by carrageenan via real-time monitoring of cellular XXXX consumption rates within a microfluidic device.

@entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue virus (DENV) infection'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection'] @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']
@entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']
