BACKGROUND: @entity11252 ( @entity11252 ) is a frequently encountered disease entity following lumbar spinal surgery. Although many plausible reasons have been investigated, the exact pathophysiology remains unknown. Various medications, reoperations, interventions such as spinal cord stimulation, epidural adhesiolysis or epidural injection, exercise therapy, and psychotherapy have been suggested treatment options. However, the evidence of the clinical outcome for each treatment has not been clearly determined. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the outcomes of each treatment modality and to present treatment guidelines for @entity1 with @entity11252 . STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review of each treatment regimen in @entity1 with @entity11252 . METHODS: The available literature regarding each modality for the treatment of refractory back @entity158 or radiating @entity158 for @entity11252 was reviewed. The quality assessment and the level of evidence were analyzed using the "Methodology Checklist" of SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network). Data sources included relevant English language literature identified through searches of Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library from 1980 to Feb 2016. The primary outcome measure was @entity158 or radiating @entity158 for at least 3 months. Secondary outcome measures were improvement of the @entity1 's functional status, health-related quality of life, return to work, and reduction of opioid use. RESULTS: Twenty-three articles were finally identified and reviewed. Based on our analysis, epidural adhesiolysis showed a short-term (6 to 24 months) effect (grade A) and spinal cord stimulation showed a mid-term (2 or 3 years) effect (grade B). Epidural injections showed a short-term (up to 2 years) effect (grade C). However, other treatments were recommended as grade D or inconclusive. LIMITATIONS: The limitations of this systematic review included the rarity of relevant literature. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural adhesiolysis or spinal cord stimulation can be effective in order to control @entity615 or @entity158 due to @entity11252 , and its recommendation grades are A and B, respectively. Other treatments showed poor or inconclusive evidence.Key words: @entity11252 , @entity1643 , @entity9737 , epidural adhesiolysis, spinal cord stimulation, epidural injection, revision.

Treatment Outcomes for XXXX with Failed Back Surgery.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain'] @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic back pain'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain relief of back pain', 'pain', 'leg pain'] @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['FBSS', 'Failed back surgery syndrome, post spinal surgery syndrome', 'Failed back surgery syndrome'] @entity9737 :: ('MESH:D051299', 'Disease') :: ['post lumbar surgery syndrome']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']
