UNASSIGNED: Lesions of the heart valves are the commonest acquired @entity299 seen in pediatric age group. In India, the underlying cause for most @entity340 is chronic @entity6331 ( @entity6331 ). The aim of evaluation of @entity1 with @entity340 is not only to make a diagnosis, but also to decide the management plan. The pediatrician or physician is usually the first health care provider to whom such @entity1 (or their parents) report. It is therefore imperative that the general physician and pediatricians are well versed with @entity340 . @entity340 produce characteristic murmurs and a bedside diagnosis is possible in majority. However, further investigations such as X ray of the chest and an ECG are useful tools to refine the diagnosis. Echocardiography is now widely available to most of the @entity1 in India and is very useful for assessing the severity of @entity340 and to identify the underlying etiology. Serial echocardiography is instrumental in deciding the timing of intervention. Mitral valve is most commonly affected followed by aortic; in some @entity1 both valves may be affected. The valve may not close properly, resulting in regurgitation of blood flow in reverse direction or does not open fully ( @entity850 ). In @entity339 ( @entity339 ), the blood flows in the reverse direction. @entity339 can occur secondary to several causes, but in India, the commonest cause is @entity6331 . @entity1 may remain asymptpmatic for a long period of time. Symptoms include @entity1295 , palpitations and later exertional breathlessness. @entity339 typically produces a pansystolic murmur at apex, which may radiate to @entity1002 . Surgical intervention is reserved for all symptomatic @entity1 with severe @entity339 . Valve repair is preferred over prosthetic valve replacement. @entity4794 ( @entity4794 ) is almost always due to @entity6331 . Severe @entity4794 results in @entity120 , @entity67 and @entity997 . @entity1 are often symptomatic with @entity1353 . Hemoptysis may occur. A typical rumbling mid diastolic murmur is the hallmark of @entity4794 . Balloon mitral valvotomy, performed in the catheterization lab, is recommended for severe @entity4794 .

Evaluation of Acquired XXXX by the Pediatrician: When to Follow, When to Refer for Intervention? Part I.

@entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['RHD', 'rheumatic heart disease'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'Patient', 'patients'] @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation'] @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis'] @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure'] @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['dyspnea'] @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue'] @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension'] @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities'] @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral stenosis', 'MS'] @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve lesion', 'valvular heart disease', 'Valvular abnormalities', 'valvular diseases', 'valvular heart diseases'] @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left axilla']
@entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['Valvular Heart Disease']
