BACKGROUND: Functional imaging studies in relatives of @entity161 @entity1 have had inconsistent findings, particularly with respect to altered dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation. Some recent studies have also suggested that failure of deactivation may be seen. METHOD: A total of 28 @entity1 with @entity161 , 28 of their siblings and 56 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of the n-back working memory task. An analysis of variance was fitted to individual whole-brain maps from each set of @entity1 -relative-matched pair of controls. Clusters of significant difference among the groups were then used as regions of interest to compare mean activations and deactivations among the groups. RESULTS: In all, five clusters of significant differences were found. The @entity161 @entity1 , but not the relatives, showed reduced activation compared with the controls in the lateral frontal cortex bilaterally, the left basal ganglia and the cerebellum. In contrast, both the @entity1 and the relatives showed significant failure of deactivation compared with the healthy controls in the medial frontal cortex, with the relatives also showing less failure than the @entity1 . Failure of deactivation was not associated with schizotypy scores or presence of @entity716 -like experiences in the relatives. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity161 @entity1 and their relatives show altered task-related deactivation in the medial frontal cortex. This in turn suggests that @entity409 may function as a trait marker for @entity161 .

Failure of deactivation in the default mode network: a trait marker for XXXX ?

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['default mode network dysfunction'] @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia'] @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']
@entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']
