Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short chains of @entity1522 with the distinct ability to cross cell plasma membranes. They are usually between seven and 30 residues in length. The mechanism of action is still a highly debated subject among researchers; it seems that a commonality between all CPPs is the presence of positively charged residues within the @entity535 chain. @entity10504 and the transactivator of transcription peptide are two widely used CPPs. One distinct application of these CPPs is the ability to further enhance the therapeutic properties of a range of different agents. One group of agents of particular importance are nanoparticles (NPs). Most NPs have no mechanism for cellular uptake. Hence, by conjugating CPPs to NPs, the amount of NPs taken up by cells can be increased, and therefore, the therapeutic benefits can be maximized. Some examples of this will be explored further in this review. In addition to CPPs, the concept of conjugation with the anticancer drug @entity4447 is reviewed and the prospect of transactivator of transcription-conjugated @entity4447 albumin microspheres is also discussed. Recent locked nucleic acid technology to stabilize @entity2036 (RNA or DNA) aptamer complexes able to target @entity5 cells more specifically and selectively to kill @entity5 cells and spare normal body cells. NPs tagged with modified locked nucleic acid-aptamers have the potential to kill @entity5 cells more specifically and effectively while sparing normal cells.

Cell-penetrating properties of the transactivator of transcription and @entity10504 (R9) peptides, their conjugative effect on nanoparticles and the prospect of conjugation with XXXX .

@entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide'] @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids'] @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides'] @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour'] @entity10504 :: ('MESH:C015462', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyarginine']
@entity4447 :: (MESH:C006632,Chemical) :: ['arsenic trioxide']
