OBJECTIVE: To summarize case reports of exceptional and super responders already published in the biomedical literature. @entity1 AND METHODS: We searched for published case reports or abstracts of exceptional or super responders to a @entity5 drug using PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. Pooling such reports is widely considered a promising research strategy and the subject of several ongoing investigations, including the National @entity5 Institute's Exceptional Responders Initiative. All articles were read in full, including relevant references. We extracted clinical characteristics of exceptional or super responders, including age, @entity5 type, drug, genetic mutations, depth of response, duration of response, number of previous lines of therapy, duration of response to a previous line of therapy, and the number of @entity1 treated similarly to identify the exceptional case. This study was performed between @entity3490 , 2015, and April 30,  2015. RESULTS: Among 489 articles, 32 exceptional responders were identified. The most common @entity5 described were @entity1358 (5 of 32 [16%]) and @entity189 (4 of 32 [13%]). The use of targeted agents was common in these cases (26 of 32 [81%]), particularly inhibitors of the @entity3470 pathway (16 of 32 [50%]). The median duration of response among responders was 17.5 months, and 59% (19 of 32) of the @entity1 were last known to be alive with continuing response or stable disease. Notably, 46% (12 of 26) of the @entity1 had received 2 or more previous lines of therapy and 6 of the 32 cases (19%) did not report this information. Few authors report the number of @entity1 treated similarly to observe the super response (12 of 32 [38%]). CONCLUSION: Exceptional or super responders to @entity5 drugs have been described in the literature; however, there is incompleteness in the reporting of relevant data that may help clarify whether such responses are secondary to treatment or reflect underlying biology.

Characteristics of Exceptional or Super Responders to XXXX Drugs.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'malignancies'] @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma'] @entity3470 :: ('21977(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['mTOR'] @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell cancer'] @entity3490 :: ('55016', 'Gene') :: ['March 1']
@entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']
