BACKGROUND: Madurella mycetomatis is the most prevalent causative agent of @entity13443 in Sudan, an @entity281 characterized by the formation of grains. Many @entity1 are exposed to the causative agent, however only a small number develop @entity281 . M. mycetomatis contains chitin in its cell wall, which can trigger the @entity1 immune system. Polymorphisms in the genes encoding for the chitin-degrading enzymes chitotriosidase and @entity25697 were described, resulting in altered chitinase activity. We investigated the association between 4 of these polymorphisms and the incidence of M. mycetomatis @entity13443 in a Sudanese population. METHODOLOGY: Polymorphisms studied in 112 @entity13443 @entity1 and 103 matched controls included a 24-bp insertion in the chitotriosidase gene ( @entity68177 ), resulting in impaired chitinase activity and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the @entity25697 gene ( @entity68178 ), resulting in decreased @entity25697 activity. Also, a SNP ( @entity68179 ) and a 10-bp insertion in the 5'UTR region of the @entity25697 gene ( @entity68180 ) were studied, both resulting in increased @entity25697 activity. DNA was isolated from blood and genotypes were determined using PCR-RFLP. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Histological staining proved the presence of @entity364 . The polymorphism resulting in decreased chitotriosidase activity was associated with increased odds of @entity13443 (odds ratio 2.9; p = 0.004). No association was found for the polymorphisms in the genes for @entity25697 (all p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Decreased chitotriosidase activity was associated with increased risk of M. mycetomatis @entity13443 .

A Polymorphism in the Chitotriosidase Gene Associated with Risk of XXXX Due to Madurella mycetomatis @entity13443 -A Retrospective Study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients'] @entity68179 :: ('rs41282492', 'SNP') :: ['rs41282492'] @entity25697 :: ('27159', 'Gene') :: ['AMCase'] @entity68177 :: ('rs3831317', 'SNP') :: ['rs3831317'] @entity68180 :: ('rs143789088', 'SNP') :: ['rs143789088'] @entity13443 :: ('MESH:D008271', 'Disease') :: ['eumycetoma', 'mycetoma'] @entity68178 :: ('rs61756687', 'SNP') :: ['rs61756687'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection'] @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['chitin in the fungal grain']
@entity13443 :: (MESH:D008271,Disease) :: ['Mycetoma']
