CONTEXT: Although Crooke's changes in the pituitary corticotrophs were initially described in 1935, the prevalence in which the changes occur in @entity1 with @entity699 has not been established. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence, and assess clinical features associated with the presence or absence, of Crooke's changes in a large set of @entity1 with @entity699 . DESIGN: Information from a prospective computer database and retrospective chart review was analyzed. SETTING: The setting was an academic medical center. @entity1 : Consecutive @entity1 (N = 213) who received surgery with a preoperative diagnosis of @entity699 are included. INTERVENTION: The @entity1 received pituitary surgery and specimens obtained underwent pathological analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The presence or absence of Crooke's changes was determined by histopathological analysis of the normal pituitary tissue included with the specimen obtained at surgery. @entity701 production was measured by 24-hour urine @entity701 production. RESULTS: Crooke's changes occurred in 144 of 177 of @entity1 (81%) with a histologically demonstrated ACTH-staining @entity5 and in 74% of 213 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity699 who had pituitary surgery. The presence of Crooke's changes correlated with the finding of an ACTH-staining @entity5 removed at surgery and with the degree of @entity699 . Among @entity1 with histologically-established ACTH-staining @entity5 the prevalence of Crooke's changes was particularly high in @entity1 with a 24h UFC of at least 4-fold the upper limit of normal, in which 91% of @entity1 had, Crooke's changes, compared to 74% of @entity1 whose maximum UFC was less than 4-fold the upper limit of normal (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Crooke's changes occur in 75-80% of @entity1 with @entity699 , and depend on the degree of @entity699 and individual variability. Almost all @entity1 with UFC >=  4-fold ULN have them, whereas with less severe @entity699 the expression of Crooke's changes varies from @entity1 to @entity1 .

Crooke's Changes in In @entity699 Depends on Degree of XXXX and Individual Susceptibility.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'person'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors'] @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol'] @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease", "Cushing's syndrome", 'hypercortisolism']
@entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Hypercortisolism']
