UNASSIGNED: This review deals with the understanding of the role of key factors of ageing, oxidative stress and @entity32 , in relation to development of age-related @entity65 , @entity955 . Increased production of reactive @entity26 species and systemic @entity32 promote cardiac structural and electrophysiologic remodeling that is crucial with respect to development and sustaining of @entity955 . Data suggest that alterations in atrial @entity495 and/or @entity8439 expression, phosphorylation and distribution affect cell-to-cell electrical coupling and molecular signalling that is proarrhythmogenic. However, studies showing causal relationship in the context of pathogenesis of @entity955 are still scarce. Nevertheless, gap junctional connexin channels are considered as targets for @entity943 prevention and therapeutic interventions aimed at mitochondria-related reactive @entity26 species appear to be challenging. In addition, ageing is accompanied by @entity66 that most likely promote @entity2472 and @entity943 . It is consistent with recent data that highlight a new perspective in regulation of intercalated disc function via adhesive junctions, fascia adherens and desmosomes. The crosstalk between adhesive and gap junctions is suggested to be implicated in pathogenesis of @entity943 . On the other hand, modulation of adhesive proteins, @entity6076 and catenin may be promising tool aimed to synchronize heart function. Despite the progress in this field many questions remain to be answered by further research.

New aspects of pathogenesis of XXXX : remodelling of intercalated discs.

@entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in adhesive junctions'] @entity495 :: ('2697', 'Gene') :: ['connexin-43'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity8439 :: ('2702', 'Gene') :: ['connexin-40'] @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation'] @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia'] @entity6076 :: ('1000', 'Gene') :: ['N-cadherin'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease'] @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['asynchronous contraction']
@entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']
