@entity3657 is a frequent under-diagnosed and poorly recognized clinical entity that can affect a great number of @entity1 . Recognition of risk factors is crucial and a through evaluation of symptoms and use of diagnostic tools to better decide when an intervention is warranted. Lower extremity bypass surgery is one alternative method for treatment of PAD. It is indicated for type D and C lesions with low cardiac risk according to the TASC classification system. Preoperative assessment is imperative for every vascular procedure since it has been associated with major postoperative cardiovascular events; @entity583 being the most common. After excluding active disease, functional capacity and clinical risk predictors must be determined via METs and the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI), respectively. If a @entity1 is considered to have a high cardiac risk, then noninvasive studies should be performed. @entity117 and a statin should be administrated preoperatively and postoperatively. @entity1397 can be utilized as an alternative if a contraindication to @entity117 exists. Periodic follow up consisting of clinical evaluations assessing and return or progression of symptoms of @entity613 , presence of pulses, ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurement, and smoking cessation counseling should be performed in every @entity1 after vascular surgery.

XXXX : Surgical Treatment.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral arterial disease'] @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['Clopidogrel'] @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin'] @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication'] @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']
@entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['Peripheral Arterial Disease']
