BACKGROUND: @entity72 ( @entity2438 ) are diagnosed more frequently in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Females with @entity2438 may have been under-identified due to not only a male-biased understanding of @entity2438 but also females' camouflaging. The study describes a new technique that allows automated coding of non-verbal mode of communication (gestures) and offers the possibility of objective, evaluation of gestures, independent of @entity1 judgment. The EyesWeb software platform and the Kinect sensor during two demonstration activities of ADOS-2 ( @entity2438 Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition) were used. METHODS: The study group consisted of 33 high-functioning Polish @entity1 and @entity1 with formal diagnosis of @entity2438 or @entity13104 aged 5-10, with fluent speech, IQ average and above and their parents ( @entity1 with @entity2438 , n   =   16; @entity1 with @entity2438 , n   =   17). All @entity1 were assessed during two demonstration activities of Module 3 of ADOS-2, administered in Polish, and coded using Polish codes. @entity1 were also assessed with Polish versions of the Eyes and Faces Tests. Parents provided information on the author-reviewed Polish research translation of SCQ (Social Communication Questionnaire, Current and Lifetime) and Polish version of AQ @entity1 ( @entity2438 Spectrum Quotient, @entity1 ). RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity2438 tended to use gestures more vividly as compared to @entity1 with @entity2438 during two demonstration activities of ADOS-2. @entity1 with @entity2438 made significantly more mistakes than @entity1 with @entity2438 on the Faces Test. All @entity1 with @entity2438 had high scores in AQ @entity1 , which confirmed the presence of autistic traits in this group. The current communication skills of @entity1 with @entity2438 reported by parents in SCQ were significantly better than those of @entity1 with @entity2438 . However, both @entity1 with @entity2438 and @entity1 with @entity2438 improved in the social and communication abilities over the lifetime. The number of stereotypic behaviours in @entity1 significantly decreased over life whereas it remained at a comparable level in @entity1 with @entity2438 . CONCLUSIONS: High-functioning females with @entity2438 might present better on non-verbal (gestures) mode of communication than @entity1 with @entity2438 . It may camouflage other diagnostic features. It poses risk of under-diagnosis or not receiving the appropriate diagnosis for this population. Further research is required to examine this phenomenon so appropriate gender revisions to the diagnostic assessments might be implemented.

An investigation of the 'female camouflage effect' in XXXX using a computerized ADOS-2 and a test of sex/gender differences.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'human', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys', 'Girls'] @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['Autism spectrum conditions'] @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autism', 'Autism'] @entity13104 :: ('MESH:D020817', 'Disease') :: ['Asperger syndrome']
@entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']
