UNASSIGNED: Forty years of research have brought about the development of antibodies that induce effective antitumor immune responses through sustained activation of the immune system. These "immune checkpoint inhibitors" are directed against immune inhibitory molecules, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen  4 ( @entity4386 ), @entity8395 ( @entity8395 ) or @entity4634 ( @entity4634 ). Disruption of the @entity8395 / @entity4634 interaction improves the intermediate-term prognosis even in @entity1 with advanced stage  IV @entity320 . One and a halfyears after treatment initiation, 30-60  % of these @entity1 are still alive. While @entity5 immunotherapies usually do not eradicate @entity3 completely, they do cause a regression by 20-80  %. It is well established that the immune system is able to kill @entity5 cells, and this has also been demonstrated for immunotherapies. Preclinical data, however, has shown that anti- @entity5 immunity is not limited to killing @entity5 cells. Thus, through interferon gamma and @entity5 @entity39 factor, the immune system is able to induce stable @entity5 growth arrest, referred to as senescence. Ensuring @entity1 survival by long-term stabilization of metastatic growth will therefore become a central goal of antitumor immunotherapies. This therapeutic approach is effective in @entity320 and @entity1149 . Once immunotherapies also have an indication for common @entity5 types, drug prices will have to drop considerably in order to be able to keep them available to those dependent on such therapies.

Immunotherapy of XXXX : efficacy and mode of action.

@entity4634 :: ('29126', 'Gene') :: ['programmed death ligand 1', 'PD-L1'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer'] @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases'] @entity8395 :: ('5133', 'Gene') :: ['PD-1', 'programmed death 1'] @entity4386 :: ('1493', 'Gene') :: ['CTLA-4'] @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']
@entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']
