BACKGROUND: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) and @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) are highly heterogeneous and often present with overlapping symptomology, providing challenges in reliable classification and treatment. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) may be advantageous in the diagnostic separation of these disorders when comorbid or clinically indistinct. METHODS: Subjects were selected from a multisite database, where rest and on-task SPECT scans were obtained on a large group of @entity146 @entity1 . Two groups were analyzed: Group 1 with @entity131 (n=104), @entity1005 (n=104) or both (n=73) closely matched for demographics and comorbidity, compared to each other and healthy controls (N=116); Group 2 with @entity131 (n=7,505), @entity1005 (n=1,077) or both (n=1,017) compared to n=11,147 without either. ROIs and visual readings (VRs) were analyzed using a binary logistic regression model with predicted probabilities inputted into a Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis to identify sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. One-way ANOVA identified the most diagnostically significant regions of increased perfusion in @entity1005 compared to @entity131 . Analysis included a 10-fold cross validation of the protocol in the larger community sample (Group 2). RESULTS: For Group 1, baseline and on-task ROIs and VRs showed a high level of accuracy in differentiating @entity1005 , @entity131 and @entity1005 + @entity131 conditions. This carefully matched group separated with 100% sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the ROI analysis and at 89% or above for VRs. Group 2 had lower sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, but still in a clinically relevant range. Compared to subjects with @entity131 , @entity1005 showed increases in the limbic regions, cingulum, basal @entity21 , insula, thalamus, prefrontal cortex and temporal lobes. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the ability to separate @entity1005 and @entity131 from healthy controls, from each other, and detect their co-occurrence, even in highly comorbid samples, using SPECT. This modality may offer a clinical option for aiding diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.

Functional Neuroimaging Distinguishes Posttraumatic Stress Disorder from XXXX in Focused and Large Community Datasets.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'Traumatic brain injury'] @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric'] @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD'] @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']
@entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']
