The effectiveness of @entity460 in @entity4785 ( @entity4785 ) has been challenged. Retrospective studies have been contradictory. To determine its effectiveness a prospective, randomized, blinded study comparing @entity12374 and saline in refractory @entity4785 was carried out in the pre-hospital setting from October 1982 to October 1983. Only @entity1 who had received @entity1425 and @entity3157 and were refractory were entered in the study. All @entity130 and pediatric arrests were excluded. Ninety @entity1 presented in refractory @entity4785 . Overall, eight of 48 who received @entity460 were resuscitated successfully in the field; two of 42 who received saline were resuscitated successfully (P less than .07). A successful resuscitation was defined as the conveyance of a @entity1 with a pulse and a rhythm to an emergency department. @entity1 were analyzed for age, sex, and witnessing of arrest. There was no statistical difference in demographic data. When the group of @entity4785 @entity1 was broken down into subgroups based on the width of @entity14336 , it was noted that @entity1 with a @entity14336 width less than 0.12 did not respond to @entity460 , whereas the successfully resuscitated in the group with widened @entity14336 or @entity63 changes (N = 70) was eight of 39, compared with one of 31 not receiving @entity460 (P less than .028). Only one @entity1 who was resuscitated successfully was discharged from the hospital alive. @entity460 has been shown to be effective in the cardiac resuscitation of @entity1 in refractory @entity4785 . There may be a subset of @entity1 with widened @entity14336 complexes or @entity63 changes who will benefit to a greater extent from the use of @entity12374 .

The effectiveness of XXXX in refractory @entity4785 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic'] @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['EMD', 'electromechanical dissociation'] @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine'] @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate'] @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium'] @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma'] @entity14336 :: ('MESH:D008151', 'Disease') :: ['QRS']
@entity12374 :: (MESH:D002122,Chemical) :: ['calcium chloride']
