STUDY QUESTION: What is the subcellular localization in @entity1 oocytes and preimplantation embryos, of the two maternal-effect proteins, @entity52018 and @entity68376 , responsible for recurrent hydatidiform moles (RHMs)? SUMMARY ANSWER: @entity52018 and @entity68376 localize to the oocyte cytoskeleton and are polar and absent from the cell-to-cell contact region in early preimplantation embryos. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: @entity52018 and @entity68376 expression has been described at the RNA level in some stages of @entity1 oocytes and preimplantation embryos and at the protein level by immunohistochemistry in @entity1 and @entity291 ovaries. @entity52018 and @entity68376 co-localize to the microtubule organizing center and/or the Golgi apparatus in @entity1 hematopoietic cells. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: A total of 164 spare @entity1 oocytes and embryos from @entity1 undergoing in vitro fertilization were used. @entity1 /MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Oocytes and early cleavage-stage embryos were fixed, immunostained with @entity52018 and/or @entity68376 antibodies, and analyzed using high-resolution confocal immunofluorescence and electron microscopies. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: @entity52018 and @entity68376 localize to the cytoskeleton and are predominant at the cortical region in growing oocytes. After the first cellular division, these two maternal-effect proteins become asymmetrically confined to the outer cortical region and excluded from the cell-to-cell contact region until the blastocyst stage where @entity52018 and @entity68376 homogeneously redistribute to the cytoplasm and the nucleus, respectively. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: We could not analyze fresh @entity1 oocytes and embryos. The analyzed materials were donated by @entity1 undergoing assisted reproductive technologies and released for research 1-3 days after their collection and the transfer of embryos to the @entity1 . WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Our study is the first comprehensive and high-resolution localization of the only two known maternal-effect proteins, @entity52018 and @entity68376 , in @entity1 oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Our data contribute to a better understanding of the roles of these two proteins in the integrity of the oocytes, post-zygotic divisions, and cell-lineage differentiation. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS: This work was supported by the Canadian Institute of Health Research (86546 to R.S.); E.A. was supported by fellowships from the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and a CREATE award from the R  seau Qu  b  cois en Reproduction. All authors declare no conflict of interest.

@entity52018 and XXXX , the two maternal-effect proteins responsible for recurrent hydatidiform moles, co-localize to the oocyte cytoskeleton.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS'] @entity68376 :: ('154288', 'Gene') :: ['KHDC3L'] @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['bovine'] @entity52018 :: ('199713', 'Gene') :: ['NLRP7']
@entity68376 :: (154288,Gene) :: ['KHDC3L']
