OBJECTIVE: Platelet factor 4 tetramers ( @entity18042 chemokine) form complexes with @entity9500 ( @entity9500 ), recognized by anti- @entity9500 antibodies leading to platelet activation in @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ), either primary (PAPS) or secondary (SAPS). Increased plasma levels of @entity18042 may favor this process; therefore we measured plasma levels of @entity18042 , a @entity18042 variant ( @entity38829 ) and as controls, platelet-derived chemokines @entity4938 ( @entity4938 ) and @entity5737 ( @entity5737 ), in @entity1701 , and disease controls such as @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and healthy donors (HDs). METHODS: Plasma samples and platelets were isolated from @entity1 with @entity1701 (n = 87), @entity1252 (n = 29), @entity453 (n = 14) and 54 HDs. Plasma levels of @entity18042 , @entity38829 , @entity4938 and @entity5737 as well as intracellular platelet @entity18042 and @entity38829 were measured using ELISA. Platelet @entity18042 and @entity38829 RNA levels were determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS: @entity18042 , @entity4938 ( @entity4938 ) and @entity5737 ( @entity5737 ) plasma levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1701 compared to both control groups ( @entity1252 , @entity453 ) and HDs. @entity38829 plasma levels were also significantly higher in @entity1701 than in @entity1252 and HDs, but lower from that of @entity453 @entity1 . Statistically significant concordance was detected between @entity18042 and @entity4938 (p < 0.0001) or @entity5737 (p < 0.0001) plasma levels in @entity1 with @entity1701 , either PAPS or SAPS. @entity38829 plasma levels were inversely correlated with @entity18042 (P = 0.0027), @entity4938 (p = 0.012) and @entity5737 (p = 0.023) in PAPS and positively with @entity18042 (p = 0.0191), @entity5737 (p < 0.0001) and @entity4938 (P < 0.0001), in SAPS. Levels of @entity18042 , @entity38829 , @entity4938 and @entity5737 were divided in "high" (exceeding a level defined as the mean of HDs and 3 SD) and "low" (below this level); The " @entity38829 high" group was characterized by increased IgG aCL, (p = 0.0215), double antibody positivity (either aCL or anti- @entity9500 plus LA), (p = 0.0277), triple antibody positivity (aCL plus anti- @entity9500 plus LA), (p = 0.0073) and @entity882 (p = 0.0061), as well as with at least 1 thrombotic event or the last 5 years (p = 0.0001), or more than 3 thrombotic events ever (p = 0.0151). CONCLUSIONS: Chemokines associated with platelet activation and immune cell chemotaxis were found to be elevated in @entity1701 @entity1 ' plasma and may contribute to the pathogenesis of the syndrome. High @entity38829 plasma levels are associated with the clinical expression of @entity1701 and should be prospectively evaluated as a biomarker.

Elevated expression of platelet-derived chemokines in patients with XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity38829 :: ('5197', 'Gene') :: ['CXCL4L1'] @entity5737 :: ('6352', 'Gene') :: ['CCL5', 'RANTES'] @entity18042 :: ('5196', 'Gene') :: ['CXCL4'] @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia'] @entity9500 :: ('350', 'Gene') :: ['b2glycoprotein I', 'b2GPI'] @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus'] @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid syndrome'] @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease'] @entity4938 :: ('5473', 'Gene') :: ['CXCL7', 'NAP-2']
@entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']
