STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, sequential enrollment. OBJECTIVE: We report the development and testing of the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ) for reliability, validity, and responsiveness in @entity1 with @entity2112 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The SAQ was designed to measure @entity1 ' and their parents' perception of their @entity85 's appearance using standardized drawings and questions. This study was designed to test the instrument's psychometric properties. METHODS: The SAQ was administered as a test-retest to @entity2112 @entity1 and parents for reliability and initial validity assessment (Group I). It was then administered to @entity1 before surgery and 1 year after surgery (Group II) for responsiveness and further validity testing. Finally, both the SAQ and @entity6815 instruments were administered to adolescent idiopathic @entity1 before surgery and 1 year after surgery (Group III) for comparison of the 2 instruments. RESULTS: Group I: The individual scale items had good to excellent reliability (Spearman's rho, 0.57-0.99) and high internal scale consistency (Cronbach's alpha >0.7). The mean scale scores differentiated between curves greater than 30 degrees and lesser curves (P < 0.01). Surgery improved scores compared with those with "surgery recommended." Group II: The domains correlated with clinical and radiographic aspects of the deformity before surgery. All of the domains showed significant difference after surgery (P < 0.0001) and large effect size for all domains except for the @entity1 chest domain. Group III: Both the SAQ and the @entity6815 instruments had significant improvement in all of their domains except for the @entity6815 Activity scale. The relative efficiency of the SAQ domains to the @entity6815 appearance domain (the most responsive @entity6815 domain) was greater for 5 SAQ domains. CONCLUSION: The SAQ is reliable, responsive to curve improvement, and shows strong evidence of validity. It provides more detail than the @entity6815 in the appearance domain, and provides explanation of @entity85 's concerns and improvements.

The Spinal Appearance Questionnaire: results of reliability, validity, and responsiveness testing in @entity1 with XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis'] @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity'] @entity6815 :: ('MESH:D056730', 'Disease') :: ['SRS']
@entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']
