BACKGROUND: The measure of @entity417 status using packed cell volume ( @entity1485 ) can be a reliable indicator of @entity2109 ( @entity2109 ) in the absence of other @entity417 -causing conditions. However, studies that have estimated prevalence of @entity417 in @entity291 from @entity2109 endemic areas have rarely reported the prevalence of the disease in the anaemic @entity291 . Therefore we investigated the prevalence of @entity2109 in anaemic @entity291 at sites that had recently reported the disease in Itezhi tezhi district of central Zambia. METHODS: During a survey, blood samples were collected from 564 randomly selected @entity291 for @entity417 determination from seven crush pens (Mutenda, Kapulwe, Banachoongo, Itumbi, Iyanda, New Ngoma and Shinampamba). At a @entity1485 - value cut off of 26  %, all samples positive for @entity417 were subjected to both parasitological examination on thick and thin blood smears and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for detection of trypanosome DNA. Fisher's exact test and a mixed effect logistic regression analyses were used to determine and measures associations, respectively. RESULTS: Of 564 @entity291 screened, 58 (10.3  %; 95  % CI: 7.8-12.8  %) had @entity417 . PCR-RFLP results showed that 17 (29.3  %; 95  % CI; 17.2-41.4  %) anaemic @entity291 were positive for pathogenic trypanosomes compared to 1 (1.7  %; 95  % CI: 0.0-5.2  %) on parasitological examination using thick smears. The @entity281 were caused by Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax. Fisher's exact test showed a strong association between @entity1485 and pathogenic trypanosome infection (P   =   0.004). A mixed effect multivariate logistic regression showed that a one unit increase in @entity1485 reduced the likelihood of detecting @entity2109 with PCR-RFLP by 24.7  % (95  % CI: 4.6-40.6  %; P   =   0.019) in anaemic @entity291 , taking into account their age and sex, with random effects for crush pen. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that T. congolense and T. vivax could be important causes of @entity417 in @entity291 reared in @entity2109 endemic areas of Itezhi tezhi in Central Zambia. This also suggests that even though pathogenic trypanosomal infection was strongly associated with @entity1485 , it could only account for up to 41  % of the @entity417 in @entity291 . Therefore further investigation to ascertain other factors responsible for @entity417 in @entity2109 endemic areas of Itezhi tezhi in Central Zambia is needed.

Prevalence of pathogenic trypanosomes in anaemic XXXX from trypanosomosis challenged areas of Itezhi-tezhi district in central Zambia.

@entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anaemia'] @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['AT', 'African trypanosomosis'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections'] @entity1485 :: ('158372', 'Species') :: ['PCV'] @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cattle']
@entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']
