@entity112 -releasing factor or HRF is a collective term used for a heterogeneous group of factors with different modes of action. The current review is focussed on @entity9416 -dependent HRF that require the presence of certain types of @entity9416 (designated @entity9416 ) to induce @entity112 release. @entity9416 might be a structurally different @entity9416 molecule, or, alternatively, autoreactive @entity9416 . A subgroup of @entity9416 -dependent HRF does not bind to @entity9416 , such as cloned HRF p23. This factor turned out to be a basophil-priming cytokine. Alternatively @entity9416 -dependent HRF might be an autoallergen. Several groups demonstrated @entity9416 antibodies to @entity1 proteins. However, not all @entity9416 autoallergen-containing extracts induce @entity112 release of appropriately sensitized basophils. In culture supernatants of @entity1 mononuclear cells an autoallergenic activity (Agmn) is found, but no binding to @entity9416 was found yet. Agmn might be an autoallergen, since it is cross-reactive with a grass pollen allergen in the stripped basophil assay. @entity9416 -dependent HRF and @entity9416 + may play a role in the late @entity56 (LAR). However, @entity9416 responsiveness to Agmn (IgEmn+) was not required for a bronchial LAR. IgEmn+ is associated with @entity56 , since the prevalence of IgEmn+ is high in the serum of severe @entity748 and @entity483 @entity1 . Our hypothesis is that exogenous allergens induce @entity9416 antibodies cross-reactive with an endogenous protein. During a LAR, these endogenous proteins are released and the subsequent @entity9416 -mediated reaction prolongs and aggravates the @entity56 and/or asthmatic symptoms. In conclusion, HRF is a confusing term since it is used for different activities. It might be better to avoid this terminology on and just describe the activity of the factors. Autoallergenic activity is likely to explain most, if not all, @entity9416 -dependent activity.

XXXX -releasing factors, a heterogeneous group of different activities.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients'] @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics'] @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis'] @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['chronic allergic disease', 'allergic', 'allergic reaction'] @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine'] @entity9416 :: ('3497', 'Gene') :: ['IgE+', 'IgE']
@entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['Histamine']
