Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) are essential in the defense against invading microorganisms, tissue @entity130 or any inciting inflammatory signals. Hepatic infiltration of neutrophils is an acute response to recent or ongoing @entity99 , hepatic stress or unknown systemic inflammatory signals. Once neutrophils reach the liver, they can cause mild-to-severe tissue damage and consequent @entity1578 . For neutrophils to appear in the liver, neutrophils have to undergo systemic activation (priming) by inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, complement factors, immune complexes, opsonized particles and other biologically active molecules, e.g., platelet activating factor. Neutrophils accumulated in the hepatic microvasculature (sinusoids and postsinusoidal venules) can extravasate (transmigrate) into the hepatic parenchyma if they receive a signal from distressed cells. Transmigration can be mediated by a chemokine gradient established towards the hepatic parenchyma and generally involves orchestration by adhesion molecules on neutrophils ( @entity2263 ) integrins) and on endothelial cells (intracellular adhesion molecules, @entity2071 ). After transmigration, neutrophils adhere to distressed hepatocytes through their @entity2263 ) integrins and @entity2071 expressed on hepatocytes. Neutrophil contact with hepatocytes mediate oxidative killing of hepatocytes by initiation of respiratory burst and neutrophil degranulation leading to hepatocellular oncotic @entity39 . Neutrophil-mediated @entity99 has been demonstrated in a variety of diseases and @entity137 . Relevant examples are discussed in this review.

Role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of acute inflammatory XXXX .

@entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['chemical/drug toxicities'] @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis'] @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure'] @entity2263 :: ('10242', 'Gene') :: ['beta(2'] @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury'] @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma']
@entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']
