UNASSIGNED: Cell transplantation is one of the most promising strategies for repair of @entity1 @entity1566 . Animal studies from a number of laboratories have shown that transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells cultured from biopsies of the olfactory bulb mediate axonal regeneration and re-myelination, and restore lost functions in @entity1566 . For translation from small laboratory experimental injuries to the large @entity1566 encountered in @entity1 @entity1 the numbers of cells which can be obtained from a @entity1 's own olfactory bulb becomes a serious limiting factor. Furthermore, removal of an olfactory bulb requires invasive surgery and risks unilateral anosmia. We here report that xenografted @entity19 bulbar olfactory ensheathing cells immuno-protected by daily @entity205 restore directed forepaw reaching function in @entity35 with chronic C1/2 unilateral corticospinal tracts lesions. Once function had been established for 10 days, @entity205 was withdrawn. Thirteen out of 13 @entity35 continued to increase directed forepaw reaching. Immunohistochemistry shows that in all cases neurofilament positive axons were present in the lesion, but that the grafted cells had been totally rejected. This implies that once grafted cells have acted as bridges for axon regeneration across the lesion site their continued presence is no longer necessary for maintaining the restored function. This raises the possibility that in the future a protocol of temporary immuno-protection might allow for the use of the larger available numbers of immuno-incompatible allografted cells or cell lines which would avoid the need for removing a @entity1 's olfactory bulb.

Functional repair of XXXX corticospinal tract lesions does not require permanent survival of an immuno-incompatible transplant.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse'] @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine'] @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']
