OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of different imaging modalities for visualization of small poorly functioning hypoplastic and @entity8 and to assess the role of laparoscopy in localization and treatment. METHODS: Between 1998 and 2002, 10 female @entity1 who presented with @entity322 , @entity812 , or @entity101 secondary to small, poorly functioning hypoplastic or @entity8 were treated at our institute. We reviewed the results of the imaging studies, cystoscopy, and evaluation under anesthesia for these @entity1 . After the diagnosis, all @entity1 were treated with laparoscopic retroperitoneal or transperitoneal nephroureterectomy or nephrectomy. RESULTS: Intravenous urography and ultrasonography failed to visualize the affected renal units in all 10 cases. Computed tomography could locate small @entity8 in only 5 @entity1 (50%). @entity9409 renal scintigraphy was diagnostic in all 10 cases (100%). Magnetic resonance urography was done in 2 cases only, and the affected renal units were identified in both. Cystoscopy and vaginoscopy were inconclusive in all but 2 cases. Laparoscopy efficiently located the offending renal units in all 10 cases. In 9 cases, the affected renal units were located in the lumbar region, and in 1 case it was situated ectopically in the pelvis. All 10 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic retroperitoneal or transperitoneal nephroureterectomy or nephrectomy and were asymptomatic after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9409 scintigraphy is an accurate and specific imaging modality for visualization of small hypoplastic renal units that are not visualized by conventional radiologic imaging techniques. Laparoscopy can be recommended as the ideal method of management, because it provides a minimally invasive technique for detecting the kidney and simultaneously correcting the problem.

Laparoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of radiologically occult but symptomatic XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic renal units', 'dysplastic kidneys'] @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension'] @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain'] @entity9409 :: ('MESH:D004113', 'Chemical') :: ['Dimercaptosuccinic acid']
@entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic kidneys']
