Numerous clinical studies have reported that ingestion of @entity6353 reduces the risk of @entity209 . However, the mechanisms by which this occurs remain unclear. In this @entity19 study, the metabolic-enhancing activity of a 10 mg/kg mixture of @entity64581 fraction derived from @entity6353 (FL) was compared with the same single dose of @entity12919 (EC). Resting energy expenditure (REE) was significantly increased in @entity19 treated with the FL versus the group administered the distilled water vehicle (Cont) during periods of ad libitum feeding and fasting. @entity19 were euthanized under the effect of anesthesia 2, 5, and 20 hr after treatment with FL or Cont while subsequently fasting. The mRNA levels of the @entity4305 ) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha ( @entity7111 ) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) were significantly increased 2 hr after administration of FL. @entity4308 and @entity7111 in the gastrocnemius were significantly increased 2 and 5 hr after administration of the FL. The concentrations of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) 1a were found to be significant in the gastrocnemius of @entity19 2 and 5 hr after ingesting FL. However, these changes were not observed following treatment with EC. Plasma was collected for measurement of @entity2922 levels in other animals euthanized by decapitation 2 and 4 hr after their respective group treatment. Plasma @entity1425 level was significantly elevated 2 hr after treatment with FL; however, this change was not observed following the administration of EC alone. The present results indicated that FL significantly enhanced @entity262 energy expenditure, as evidenced by an accompanying increase in the type of gene expression responsible for thermogenesis and lipolysis, whereas EC exhibited this less robustly or effectively. It was suggested the possible interaction between thermogenic and lipolytic effects and the increase in plasma @entity2922 concentrations after administration of a single oral dose of FL.

Enhancement of energy expenditure following a single oral dose of flavan-3-ols associated with an increase in XXXX secretion.

@entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mice', 'murine'] @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline'] @entity12919 :: ('MESH:D002392', 'Chemical') :: ['(-)-epicatechin'] @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic'] @entity4308 :: ('22229(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['UCP-3'] @entity4305 :: ('22227(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1'] @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine'] @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome'] @entity6353 :: ('3641', 'Species') :: ['cocoa', 'chocolate'] @entity64581 :: ('MESH:C404987', 'Chemical') :: ['flavan-3-ol'] @entity7111 :: ('19017(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PGC-1a']
@entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['catecholamine']
