UNASSIGNED: Western societies are aging due to an increasing life span, decreased birth rates, and improving social and health conditions. On the other hand, the prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) and cerebrovascular (CBV) diseases rises with age. Thus, in view of the ongoing @entity1240 , it is appropriate to better understand the molecular pathways of aging as well as age-associated CV and @entity66 . Oxidative stress contributes to aging of organs and the whole body by an accumulation of reactive @entity26 species promoting oxidative damage. Indeed, increased oxidative stress produced in the mitochondria and cytosol of heart and brain is a common denominator to almost all CV and @entity66 . The mitochondrial adaptor protein @entity19490 ( @entity9703 ) and the family of deacetylase enzymes, the sirtuins, regulate the aging process, determine lifespan of many species and are involved in @entity65 . @entity67660 , a member of TGFb superfamily with homology to @entity12560 also retards the aging process via yet unknown mechanisms. Recent evidence points towards a promising role of this novel 'rejuvenation' factor in reducing age-related @entity299 . Finally, telomere length is also involved in aging and the development of age-related @entity65 . This review focuses on the latest scientific advances in understanding age-related changes of the CV and CBV system, as well as delineating potential novel therapeutic targets derived from aging research for CV and @entity66 .

Molecular mechanism of endothelial and vascular aging: implications for XXXX .

@entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CBV diseases'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity67660 :: ('10220', 'Gene') :: ['GDF11'] @entity19490 :: ('10714', 'Gene') :: ['p66'] @entity9703 :: ('6464', 'Gene') :: ['Shc'] @entity1240 :: ('MESH:D019588', 'Disease') :: ['aging pandemic'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease'] @entity12560 :: ('MESH:D055435', 'Chemical') :: ['myostatin'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CV diseases', 'CV dysfunction']
@entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']
