OBJECTIVE: Our study evaluates how aging and @entity191 ( @entity191 ) alter temporal order judgment (TOJ). METHOD: Two TOJ experiments were performed with young @entity1 , healthy elderly @entity1 , and @entity191 @entity1 . Two white squares were presented on opposite sides of a screen and @entity1 responded which appeared first. In Experiment 1, it was assessed how accurately each group could judge temporal order at intervals from 0ms to 167ms. Detectability, the capacity of detecting which stimulus appeared first, was measured. In Experiment 2, @entity1 were asked to orient their attention to the hemifield indicated by a cue. The @entity392 ("point of subjective simultaneity"), where the @entity1 was equally likely to respond that either stimulus appeared first, was measured. RESULTS: In Experiment 1, @entity191 @entity1 had smaller detectability than healthy elderly (p<0.05) and young @entity1 (p<0.001), and healthy elderly @entity1 had smaller detectability than young @entity1 (p<0.001). In Experiment 2, @entity392 was 29ms for young @entity1 , 121ms for healthy elderly @entity1 , and 283ms for @entity191 @entity1 ; differences were statistically significant for comparisons between @entity191 @entity1 and healthy elderly @entity1 (p<0.001), @entity191 @entity1 and young @entity1 (p<0.001), and healthy elderly and young @entity1 (p<0.04). CONCLUSIONS: TOJ is impaired by aging and @entity191 . Our results suggest that @entity935 loss increases latency and variability in @entity227 making due to a lower signal-to-noise ratio in the visual pathways.

Aging and XXXX as functional models of temporal order perception.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant'] @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual decision'] @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine'] @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD'] @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['PSS']
@entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']
