CONTEXT: Preclinical studies suggested the existence of a signaling pathway connecting bone and @entity413 metabolisms. Supposedly leptin modulates osteocalcin bioactivity, which in turn stimulates insulin and @entity1254 secretion, and b-cell proliferation. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the investigation was to study the reciprocal relationships of @entity1254 , leptin, osteocalcin, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion to verify whether such relationships are consistent with a signaling pathway connecting bone homeostasis and @entity413 metabolism. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional analysis. SETTING: The study was conducted with community-dwelling volunteers participating in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. @entity1 : Two hundred eighty @entity1 and 300 @entity1 with complete data on fasting plasma @entity1254 , leptin, and osteocalcin, oral @entity413 tolerance test (plasma @entity413 and insulin values available at t = 0, 20, and 120 min), and anthropometric measures participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Linear regression models were used to test independent associations of @entity1254 , osteocalcin, and leptin with the indices of insulin resistance and secretion. The expected reciprocal relationship between different biomarkers was verified by structural equation modeling. RESULTS: In linear regression models, leptin was strongly associated with indices of both insulin resistance and secretion. Both @entity1254 and osteocalcin were negatively associated with insulin resistance. Structural equation modeling revealed a direct inverse association of leptin with osteocalcin; a direct positive association of osteocalcin with @entity1254 ; and an inverse relationship of osteocalcin with insulin resistance and @entity1254 with insulin resistance and secretion, which is cumulatively consistent with the hypothesized model. CONCLUSIONS: Bone and @entity413 metabolisms are probably connected through a complex pathway that involves leptin, osteocalcin, and @entity1254 . The clinical relevance of such a pathway for bone pathology in @entity6 should be further investigated.

Cross-sectional evidence of a signaling pathway from bone homeostasis to XXXX metabolism.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men'] @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['adiponectin'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']
@entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']
