BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: As the population ages, @entity66 and @entity3604 emerge, resulting in substantial healthcare resource utilization and impaired quality of life. Many types of mechanical stimulation have the potential of being recognized by bone cells after a mechanical sign is transformed into a biological one (a process called mechanotransduction). The therapeutic ultrasound (TU) is one of several resources capable of promoting bone cell mechanical stimulation. Therefore, the main purpose of present study was to evaluate the effect of TU on the proliferation of pre-osteoblasts using in vitro bioassays. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used @entity19 pre-osteoblast lineage cells kept in Alpha medium. Cells were treated using pulsed mode therapeutic ultrasound, with frequency of 1   MHz, intensity of 0.2   W/cm(2) (SATA), duty cycle of 20%, for 30   minutes. @entity594 and @entity3446 were used to further investigate the role of L-type @entity141 channels and @entity3470 pathway. Intracellular @entity460 , @entity641 , @entity1760 , and the mRNA levels of osteopontin, @entity17652 , @entity1991 , @entity1995 were evaluated. RESULTS: The results show that TU stimulates the growth of @entity19 cells and decreases the supernatant @entity460 and @entity1760 content. Also, it increases intracellular @entity460 , activates @entity1991 and @entity3470 complex via @entity1995 . Moreover, TU promoted a decrease in the @entity641 synthesis, which is a cell growth inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic ultrasound, with frequency of 1   MHz, intensity of 0.2   W/cm(2) (SATA) and pulsed mode, for 30   minutes, was able to increase the proliferation of preosteoblast-like bone cells. This effect was mediated by a @entity460 influx, with a consequent activation of the @entity3470 pathway, through increased @entity1991 and @entity1995 . Lasers Surg. Med. 47:765-772, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Therapeutic ultrasound stimulates @entity19 cell proliferation through the activation of @entity1991 , @entity1995 , and XXXX .

@entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures'] @entity1991 :: ('18033(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['NF-kB1'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['osteometabolic diseases'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['MC3T3-E1'] @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b1'] @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin'] @entity3470 :: ('21977(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['mTOR'] @entity17652 :: ('20692(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['osteonectin'] @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium'] @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['Nifedipine'] @entity141 :: ('CHEBI:29108', 'Chemical') :: ['Ca(2+)'] @entity1995 :: ('26416(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['p38a'] @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']
@entity3470 :: (21977(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mTOR']
