We describe 18 nonimmunocompromised @entity1 with chronic @entity57 . Duration of the disease ranged from several months to >12 years. All 18 @entity1 had prior @entity358 . Weight loss, chronic cough (often with hemoptysis and @entity1353 ), fatigue, and @entity662 were the most common symptoms. All 18 @entity1 had @entity6675 , usually multiple and in 1 or both upper lobes of the lung, that expanded over time, with or without intraluminal fungal balls. All had detectable Aspergillus precipitins and inflammatory markers. Elevated levels of total immunoglobulin E were seen in 78% of @entity1 and of Aspergillus-specific immunoglobulin E in 64%. Directed lung biopsies showed @entity32 , @entity39 , or @entity738 without @entity3 . Antifungal therapy with @entity2059 resulted in 71% of @entity1 improved or stabilized, with relapse common. @entity379 treatment was useful in 3 @entity1 . In azole nonresponders, modest responses to intravenous @entity2379 (80%) followed by @entity2059 were seen. Surgery removed disease but postoperative @entity456 was inevitable. Indicators of good long-term medical outcomes were mild symptoms, thin-walled quiescent @entity6675 , residual @entity82 , and normal inflammatory markers.

Chronic cavitary and fibrosing XXXX : case series, proposed nomenclature change, and review.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation'] @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['pleural fibrosis'] @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis'] @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas'] @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath'] @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis'] @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B'] @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease'] @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['cavities'] @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['Interferon-gamma'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['hyphal invasion'] @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole'] @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural aspergillosis']
@entity57 :: (MESH:D055732,Disease) :: ['pulmonary and pleural aspergillosis']
