The @entity1 CYP2Cs are an important subfamily of P450 enzymes that metabolize approximately 20% of clinically used drugs. There are four members of the subfamily, @entity12327 , @entity5060 , @entity4433 , and @entity21260 . Of these @entity12327 , @entity5060 , and @entity4433 are of clinical importance. The CYP2Cs also metabolize some endogenous compounds such as @entity1426 . Each member of this subfamily has been found to be genetically polymorphic. The most well-known of these polymorphisms is in @entity4433 . Poor metabolizers (PMs) of @entity4433 represent approximately 3-5% of Caucasians, a similar percentage of African-Americans and 12-100% of Asian groups. The polymorphism affects metabolism of the anticonvulsant agent @entity37332 , proton pump inhibitors such as @entity4546 , the anxiolytic agent @entity3175 , certain antidepressants, and the antimalarial drug proguanil. Toxic effects can occur in PMs exposed to @entity3175 , and the efficacy of some proton pump inhibitors may be greater in PMs than EMs at low doses of these drugs. A number of mutant alleles exist that can be detected by genetic testing. @entity5060 metabolizes a wide variety of drugs including the anticoagulant @entity1229 , antidiabetic agents such as @entity11243 , anticonvulsants such as @entity3174 , and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The incidence of functional polymorphisms is much lower, estimated to be 1/250 in Caucasians and lower in Asians. However, the clinical consequences of these rarer polymorphisms can be severe. Severe and life-threatening @entity548 episodes have been reported in @entity5060 PMs exposed to @entity1229 . @entity3174 has been reported to cause severe @entity137 in PMs. New polymorphisms have been discovered in @entity12327 , which metabolizes @entity1311 ( @entity1311 ). Genetic testing is available for all of the known CYP2C variant alleles.

Clinical relevance of genetic polymorphisms in the XXXX CYP2C subfamily.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity'] @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding'] @entity4433 :: ('1557', 'Gene') :: ['CYP2C19'] @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin'] @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'taxol'] @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid'] @entity11243 :: ('MESH:D014044', 'Chemical') :: ['tolbutamide'] @entity5060 :: ('1559', 'Gene') :: ['CYP2C9'] @entity37332 :: ('MESH:D008617', 'Chemical') :: ['mephenytoin'] @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin', 'Phenytoin'] @entity12327 :: ('1558', 'Gene') :: ['CYP2C8'] @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole'] @entity21260 :: ('1562', 'Gene') :: ['CYP2C18']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']
