OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence that @entity450 and drainage patterns are responsible for the manifestations of cavernous sinus area dural @entity2758 (CSdAVMs). DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. @entity1 : Records of 85 @entity1 with complete clinical and angiographic evaluations of CSdAVMs were evaluated for the clinical features of the disorder. A neuroradiologist analyzed patterns of venous drainage to and from the cavernous sinus without knowledge of the clinical features. Four venous drainage patterns (reversal of flow from the CSdAVMs into the anterior cavernous sinus, @entity715 , @entity50 ) were statistically tested for their predictive value of signs and symptoms using logistic regression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The power of prediction of @entity2694 , elevated IOP, extraocular @entity121 , @entity1781 , @entity989 , @entity1143 , anterior chamber shallowing, bruits, @entity129 , and @entity6220 from four patterns of venous drainage. RESULTS: Reversal of drainage into the anterior cavernous sinus and ophthalmic veins was highly predictive (P = 0) of @entity2694 , which was seen in 77 (91%) @entity1 . In contrast, eight (9%) @entity1 without @entity2694 had shunts that did not drain into the anterior cavernous sinus and ophthalmic veins. Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous @entity600 drainage into the anterior cavernous sinus and ophthalmic veins also predicted elevated IOP (P = 0.0023) and @entity1781 (P = 0.047). @entity715 significantly predicted cases with @entity1143 (P = 0.002) and anterior chamber shallowing (P = 0.01). @entity29806 could be predicted from flow toward the inferior petrosal sinuses (P = 0.017). @entity149 , occurring in 7 (8%) @entity1 , was predicted by venous drainage into the superior petrosal sinus (P = 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical features found in @entity1 with CSdVAMs are related to the abnormal venous drainage and can be predicted by these venous drainage patterns. @entity450 and @entity101 seem to cause the clinical dysfunction in this disorder.

Cavernous sinus dural XXXX : patterns of venous drainage are related to clinical signs and symptoms.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS'] @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal effusion'] @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve paresis'] @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system dysfunction'] @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations'] @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle dysfunction'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension'] @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['Central nervous system symptoms or dysfunction'] @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['Venous congestion', 'venous congestion'] @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation'] @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital congestion'] @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy'] @entity29806 :: ('MESH:C565673', 'Disease') :: ['Third nerve paresis'] @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['venous-stasis retinopathy'] @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmic vein thrombosis', 'Ophthalmic vein thrombosis'] @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['drainage into the inferior petrosal sinus or drainage into the superior petrosal sinus']
@entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous malformations']
