The transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) superfamily and its downstream effector genes are key regulators of epithelial homeostasis. Altered expression of these genes may be associated with @entity1069 . The cDNA array analysis of differential expression of the TGFbeta superfamily and functionally related genes between @entity1 -matched noncancerous prostate (NP) and @entity263 ( @entity263 ) bulk tissue specimens highlighted two genes, namely @entity12170 ( @entity12170 ) and @entity35282 . Verification of their mRNA expression by real-time PCR in @entity1 -matched NP and @entity263 bulk tissue, in laser-captured pure epithelial and @entity5 cells and in NP and @entity263 cell lines confirmed @entity12170 underexpression, but not @entity35282 overexpression, in @entity263 and in @entity1 @entity263 cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that @entity12170 protein expression in NP is restricted to the basal cells and colocalizes with the basal cell marker @entity4205 . In contrast, all matched @entity263 samples lack @entity12170 immunoreactivity. Likewise, @entity263 cell lines do not show detectable @entity12170 protein expression as shown by immunoblotting. @entity12170 should be considered as a novel basal cell marker, potentially useful for studying lineage determination within the epithelial compartment of the prostate. Conversely, lack of @entity12170 seems to be a hallmark of @entity1069 . Accordingly, @entity12170 immunohistochemistry may prove to be a diagnostic tool for discriminating benign lesions from malignant ones of the prostate. The suggested @entity5 suppressor function of @entity12170 warrants further investigation on its role in prostate carcinogenesis and on the @entity12170 pathway as a candidate therapeutic target in @entity263 .

Differential expression of TGFbeta-stimulated clone 22 in normal prostate and XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient'] @entity35282 :: ('3400', 'Gene') :: ['Id4'] @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PC'] @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation of the prostate epithelium', 'malignant transformation of the prostate gland'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour'] @entity4205 :: ('3852', 'Gene') :: ['cytokeratin 5'] @entity12170 :: ('8848', 'Gene') :: ['TGFbeta-stimulated clone-22', 'TSC-22']
@entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']
