@entity8 is a common complication of @entity1 with advanced @entity82 and is associated with poor prognosis. @entity1 with advanced @entity82 show @entity1457 characterized by reduced systemic vascular resistance due to splanchnic arterial vasodilation, which is caused by portal @entity101 . The progressive reduction in systemic vascular resistance leads to effective arterial @entity3485 . In order to maintain arterial pressure within normal limits in this setting, there is activation of systemic vasoconstrictor systems, including the renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system, sympathetic nervous system and, in late stages, nonosmotic hypersecretion of @entity3488 . Although these systems have positive effects in maintaining arterial pressure, they have a negative influence on kidney function, leading to the retention of @entity1372 and solute-free water, and in late stages of the disease an intense kidney vasoconstriction develops, leading to decrease of the glomerular filtration rate and the development of @entity3182 ( @entity3182 ). Moreover, bacterial translocation and the existence of a systemic inflammatory state in @entity1 with advanced @entity82 may play a role in the impairment of circulatory function. @entity3182 is a unique cause of @entity177 of functional origin that develops in @entity1 with @entity82 . However, besides @entity3182 , @entity1 with @entity82 may develop @entity177 due to other causes, including @entity2348 , prerenal @entity177 , shock, use of nephrotoxic drugs or intrinsic @entity8 . Considering the existence of @entity1457 and some degree of kidney vasoconstriction, @entity1 with advanced @entity82 have @entity8 and are susceptible to easily developing @entity177 associated with other @entity66 , particularly @entity2348 and @entity360 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Challenges and Management of Liver XXXX : Pathophysiology of @entity8 in @entity82 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney diseases', 'fragile kidney function', 'Kidney dysfunction'] @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis'] @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension'] @entity3182 :: ('MESH:D006530', 'Disease') :: ['HRS', 'hepatorenal syndrome'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complications of the disease'] @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory dysfunction'] @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium'] @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections'] @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure'] @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia'] @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding'] @entity3488 :: ('551', 'Gene') :: ['vasopressin']
@entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Cirrhosis']
