UNASSIGNED: In about 30-50% of @entity1 with @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), symptoms persist after treatment. Although neurobiological research has advanced our understanding of @entity1005 , little is known about the neurobiology underlying persistence of @entity1005 . Two functional MRI scans were collected from 72 war veterans with and without @entity1005 over a 6- to 8-month interval, during which @entity1005 @entity1 received trauma-focused therapy. All @entity1 performed a trauma-unrelated emotional processing task in the scanner. Based on post-treatment symptom severity, a distinction was made between remitted and persistent @entity1 . Behavioral and imaging measures of trauma-unrelated emotional processing were compared between the three groups (remitted @entity1 , N=21; persistent @entity1 , N=22; and combat controls, N=25) with repeated-measures (pre- and post-treatment) analyses. Second, logistic regression was used to predict treatment outcome. Before and after treatment, persistent @entity1 showed a higher dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and insula response to negative pictures compared with remitted @entity1 and combat controls. Before treatment, persistent @entity1 showed increased amygdala activation in response to negative pictures compared with remitted @entity1 . The remitted @entity1 and combat controls did not differ on the behavioral or imaging measures. Finally, higher dACC, insula, and amygdala activation before treatment were significant predictors of symptom persistence. Our results highlight a pattern of brain activation that may predict poor response to @entity1005 treatment. These findings can contribute to the development of alternative or additional therapies. Further research is needed to elucidate the heterogeneity within @entity1005 and describe how differences in neural function are related to treatment outcome. Such approaches are critical for defining parameters to customize @entity1005 treatment and improve treatment response rates.Neuropsychopharmacology advance online publication, 16 September 2015; doi:10.1038/npp.2015.257.

Predicting Treatment Outcome in XXXX : A Longitudinal Functional MRI Study on Trauma-Unrelated Emotional Processing.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients'] @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']
@entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['PTSD']
