BACKGROUND: In 0.5-4% of pregnancies, the prospective mother sustains a @entity281 with @entity4538 ). An @entity2803 of the fetus in the first or second trimester can cause complex post-encephalitic impairment of the @entity1 brain, leading to motor and @entity1032 , @entity306 , @entity302 , @entity989 , and progressive @entity393 . METHODS: This review is based on pertinent publications from January 2000 to October 2016 that were retrieved by a selective search in PubMed employing the terms "cytomegalovirus and pregnancy" and " @entity10657 ." RESULTS: 85-90% of all neonates with @entity2803 are asymptomatic at birth. The main long-term sequela is @entity393 , which develops in 8-15% of these affected @entity1 . Hygienic measures can lower the risk of primary @entity2803 in pregnancy by 50-85%. The first @entity23 ( @entity23 ) of passive immunization with an HCMV-specific hyper - immune globulin (HIG) preparation revealed a trend toward a lower risk of congenital transmission of the virus (30% versus 44% with placebo, p = 0.13). The effect of HIG was more marked in the initial non-randomized trial (15% versus 40%, p = 0.02). The @entity23 also showed HIG to be associated with a higher frequency of @entity1592 and premature birth (13% versus 2%, p = 0.06). @entity6933 is a further, non-approved treatment option. CONCLUSION: In the absence of an active vaccine against HCMV, counseling about hygienic measures may currently be the single most effective way to prevent @entity2803 . Moreover, HCMV serologic testing is recommended in the guideline of the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften, AWMF). Further randomized trials of treatment with HIG and with @entity6933 are urgently needed so that the options for the prevention and treatment of @entity2803 can be assessed.

Primary XXXX ) Infection in Pregnancy.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infant'] @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['congenital HCMV infection', 'HCMV infection'] @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation'] @entity10657 :: ('MESH:D017726', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cytomegalovirus'] @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['fetal growth retardation'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['primary infection'] @entity4538 :: ('10359', 'Species') :: ['human cytomegalovirus (HCMV'] @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomized and controlled trial'] @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy'] @entity6933 :: ('MESH:C084555', 'Chemical') :: ['Valaciclovir', 'valaciclovir'] @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal defects'] @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing impairment'] @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']
@entity4538 :: (10359,Species) :: ['Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV']
