The emergence of multiple antibiotic resistant organisms in the general community is a potentially serious threat to public health. The emergence of antibiotic resistance has not yet prompted a radical revision of antibiotic utilisation. Instead it has prompted the development of additional antibiotics. Unfortunately, this does not relieve the underlying selection pressure that drives the development of resistance. A paradigm shift in the treatment of @entity166 is necessary to prevent antibiotics becoming obsolete and, where appropriate, alternatives to antibiotics ought to be considered. There are already several non-antibiotic approaches to the treatment and prevention of @entity281 including probiotics, phages and phytomedicines. There is some evidence that probiotics such as Lactobacillus spp. or @entity375 boulardii are useful in the prevention and treatment of @entity294 , including @entity2718 -associated @entity294 that can be difficult to treat and recurs frequently. Bacteriophages have received renewed attention for the control of both staphylococcal and @entity344 . Phytomedicines that have been utilised in the treatment of @entity281 include artesunate for @entity311 , tea tree oil for @entity272 , honey for wound @entity281 , mastic gum for @entity1534 gastric ulcers and cranberry juice for @entity293 . @entity281 may prove amenable to safe and effective treatment with non-antibiotics.

Non-antibiotic therapies for XXXX .

@entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea'] @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal infections'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'Many infections'] @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori'] @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infections'] @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['malaria'] @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces'] @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile'] @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease'] @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']
@entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious diseases']
