Paris constitutes a major direct and indirect source of persistent @entity137 substances (PTS) to the river Seine, its tributaries and its basin, by atmospheric depositions and sewage sludge land-filling. The contaminant cycle and transfer pathways were investigated from 1999 to 2003 at local and inter regional scales in order to determine the respective importance of the main input and diffusion processes (wastewater, rainwater and runoff) from urban to rural areas. Paris constitutes an atmospheric emission hot spot for @entity2556 and @entity3215 . For example, for 2002, atmospheric concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 3 ng m(-3) for @entity2556 (Sigma 6 WHO) and from 0.06 to 0.69 ng m(-3) for @entity3215 (Sigma 7, EEC) and concentrations in bulk deposition ranged from 6.6 to 647 ng L(-1) for @entity2556 (Sigma 14) and from 0.6 to 8.1 ng L(-1) for @entity3215 . At Paris, annual atmospheric deposition inputs of @entity2556 (Sigma 6) and @entity3215 (Sigma 7) reached 104 g km(-2) and 35 g km(-2), respectively. @entity2556 followed a marked seasonal cycle in relation with winter domestic heating and bulk deposition concentrations were 5 to 15 times lower in remote areas. No seasonal cycle was observed for @entity3215 which varied little according to the area considered. @entity5241 deposition fluxes were ruled by the rainfall amount, while for @entity2556 , the fluxes depended on local anthropogenic characteristics. At the scale of the Seine-Aval treatment plant comparison of annual inputs of PTS in wet period indicated that @entity3215 essentially come from atmospheric sources whereas @entity2556 are derived from both atmospheric and urban runoff sources. At the scale of the sub-basin, atmospheric inputs to the soil (Sigma 3 @entity2556 : 14-25 g km(-2), Sigma 7 @entity3215 : 5.6-25 g km(-2)) represent the prevailing source for @entity2556 and @entity3215 , as compared to that from the disposal of urban sludge on agricultural plots (Sigma 3 @entity2556 : 3-8 g km(-2), Sigma 7 @entity3215 : 0.5-2 g km(-2)).

Persistent XXXX substance inputs to the river Seine basin (France) via atmospheric deposition and urban sludge application.

@entity2556 :: ('CHEBI:33848', 'Chemical') :: ['PAHs'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic'] @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['PCBs'] @entity5241 :: ('CHEBI:47136', 'Chemical') :: ['PCB']
@entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic']
