To date, joint use of @entity285 ( @entity167 ) and @entity888 (MA) represents a specific combination of polydrug abuse. Repeated administrations of @entity167 , MA, and combined @entity167 and MA were assessed for their effects on brain cell @entity137 , cell mitosis and @entity148 / @entity308 -like behavior. We found that repeated co-administrations of @entity167 and MA produced profound anxiogenic effects. Specifically, combined @entity167 and MA decreased open arm exploratory responses in the elevated plus maze test. Moreover, combined @entity167 and MA significantly decreased immobile responses in the tail suspension test. MA, @entity167 , and their combination all reduced the number of NeuN-positive cells in amygdala (Amg), while neither of them altered the number of NeuN-positive cells in striatum (St) or prefrontal cortex (PFC). Combined @entity167 and MA decreased the number of NeuN-positive cells in dentate gyrus (DG). @entity167 , MA, and combined @entity167 and MA all diminished comparable number of GFAP-positive cells in Amg, DG, and St. Neither of these treatment affected the number of GFAP-positive cells in PFC. @entity167 , MA, and combined @entity167 and MA generated comparable inhibiting effects on cell proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and DG. These results, taken together, suggest that repeated co-administrations of MA and @entity167 may produce an observable anxiogenic effect. This combination-produced anxiogenic effect could be associated with @entity528 in the dentate gurus. In contrast, such an anxiogenic effect is less likely related to this combination-caused glial @entity137 in limbic regions or cell proliferation-inhibiting effect in the SVZ or DG.

Repeated co-administrations of @entity285 - and XXXX -produced anxiogenic effect could be associated with the neurotoxicity in the dentate gyrus.

@entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity'] @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression'] @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine'] @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['EtOH'] @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety'] @entity285 :: ('D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol'] @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']
@entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['methamphetamine']
