UNASSIGNED: Despite the well-established involvement of both sensory ("bottom-up") and cognitive ("top-down") processes in literacy, the extent to which @entity73 remains unclear. Most research has demonstrated learning of the trained task or even learning transfer to a closely related task. However, few studies have reported "far-transfer" to a different domain, such as the improvement of phonological and reading skills following auditory or cognitive training. This study assessed the effectiveness of auditory, memory or attention training on far-transfer measures involving phonological and reading skills in typically developing @entity1 . Mid-transfer was also assessed through untrained auditory, attention and memory tasks. Sixty 5- to 8-year-old @entity1 with normal hearing were quasi-randomly assigned to one of five training groups: attention group (AG), @entity2414 ( @entity2414 ), auditory sensory group (SG), placebo group (PG; drawing, painting), and a control, untrained group (CG). Compliance, mid-transfer and far-transfer measures were evaluated before and after training. All trained groups received 12 x 45-min training sessions over 12 weeks. The CG did not receive any intervention. All trained groups, especially older @entity1 , exhibited significant learning of the trained task. On pre- to post-training measures (test-retest), most groups exhibited improvements on most tasks. There was significant mid-transfer for a visual digit span task, with highest span in the @entity2414 , relative to other groups. These results show that both @entity73 can lead to learning in the trained task and to mid-transfer learning on a task (visual digit span) within the same domain as the trained tasks. However, learning did not transfer to measures of language (reading and phonological awareness), as the PG and CG improved as much as the other trained groups. Further research is required to investigate the effects of various stimuli and lengths of training on the generalization of sensory and cognitive learning to literacy skills.

Generalization of Auditory Sensory and Cognitive Learning in Typically Developing XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children'] @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['sensory and cognitive (memory or attention) training', 'auditory or cognitive (memory or attention) learning transfers to phonological and reading skills'] @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory group', 'MG']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']
