PURPOSE: Endothelial cell proliferation in angiogenesis is active in conditions such as @entity5 and @entity6 . @entity440 (T) and @entity441 (R) have been compared in numerous studies as a prophylaxis for @entity0 , and T is used to treat @entity0 . T, unlike R, has been linked to an @entity5 , @entity887 , and @entity231 . The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacies of T and R in reducing @entity172 -induced retinal capillary endothelial cell proliferation. METHODS: @entity2608 retinal capillary endothelial cells (ATCC RF/6A) were used to assay cell proliferation when treated with 0.0, 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0   nM 17 b @entity53 (E2) for 24 and 48   h. Viable cells were counted using a Neubauer hemocytometer with a @entity3460 exclusion method to determine the number of viable cells. Cell counts were also performed using 1.0   nM E2 with 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0   nM concentrations of either T or R. Cell medium, collected at 24   h, was evaluated for @entity7 and pigment epithelium-derived factor. RESULTS: Viable cells were significantly greater in cultures treated with 1.0 or 10.0   nM E2, compared to cells treated with 0.0 or 0.1   nM E2 both at 24 and 48   h. Viable cell counts were reduced significantly in cultures treated with 0.1, 1.0, or 10.0   nM T or R in addition to the 1.0   nM E2. Cell counts were not significantly different when comparing equal concentrations of T and R, that is, 1.0   nM E2+1   nM T or R. @entity7 and pigment epithelium-derived factor protein/10,000 cells was reduced by 1.0   nM E2, but returned to higher levels with the introduction of T and R to growth media. CONCLUSIONS: T and R showed similar potency in inhibiting @entity172 -induced retinal capillary endothelial cell proliferation. Considering drug safety profiles, our results, when extended to animals and @entity1 , suggest that R is preferable to T in treating angiogenic @entity989 . Further studies on the signaling mechanism of @entity172 -induced endothelial cell proliferation may lead to new treatment strategies in the treatment of @entity2194 .

Effects of XXXX versus @entity441 on retinal capillary endothelial cell proliferation.

@entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans'] @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular angiogenic diseases'] @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer'] @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamoxifen'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'increase in uterine cancers'] @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract'] @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor'] @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol'] @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['thrombo-embolic events'] @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue'] @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal diseases'] @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['Rhesus monkey'] @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']
@entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['tamoxifen']
