BACKGROUND: To examine the risk of smoking on histopathologically-confirmed moderate- and high-grade @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A population-based case-control study was conducted in Melbourne, Sydney and Perth between 1994 and 1998 in @entity1 aged below 70 years. Cases were recruited from @entity5 registries and controls were selected from electoral registers. 1498 cases and 1434 controls were interviewed and a detailed smoking history obtained. Data were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, study center, year of recruitment, family history and country of birth. RESULTS: The odds ratios (OR) were 1.02 (0.85-1.22) for former smoking and 0.82 (0.65-1.05) for current smoking. The respective ORs were 0.95 (0.78-1.15) and 0.76 (0.59-0.99) for moderate @entity5 , and 1.28 (0.96-1.70) and 1.00 (0.67-1.47) for high- @entity5 (P = 0.2 for test that ORs of the two grades were identical). There was no evidence of a dose-response effect for duration of smoking, amount smoked daily, pack-years of smoking and years since quitting and most ORs for these variables were close to unity. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking was not associated with the incidence of @entity263 . The widths and upper limits of the confidence intervals for the effects of current and former smoking were consistent with weak effects at most.

Smoking and XXXX : findings from an Australian case-control study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men'] @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'grade tumors']
@entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']
