OPINION STATEMENT: Intramedullary @entity4097 are rare @entity1221 with unique challenges due to the eloquence of the surrounding tissue. Their treatment and prognosis is largely dependent on @entity5 histology and @entity1 functionality. The introduction and advancement of microsurgical techniques have made surgery the mainstay of treatment for @entity5 . Tumors that are well demarcated (e.g., @entity424 , @entity279 ) can be resected for cure, while more infiltrative tumors (e.g., high-grade @entity816 ) are typically managed with biopsies or limited resections in order to minimize the significant risk of damage to the spinal cord. The use of more aggressive surgical resection for @entity816 is controversial but may have an increasing role in select cases. The use of intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring and intraoperative ultrasound may help guide the extent of surgery while minimizing damage to normal tissue. Advances in MRI technology have greatly aided the diagnosis and preoperative planning of @entity5 . Further advances in intraoperative MRI may make this a useful tool in guiding extent of resection. Preoperative functional status is the most important predictor of neurologic outcome, while histology and extent of resection are the most important predictors of progression-free survival. The use of adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy is dependent on @entity1 age and histology but is largely reserved for high-grade @entity5 histologies or systemic involvement. @entity1 are particularly at risk of radiation-induced injury, and these cases may benefit from more focused stereotactic radiation where necessary. Further studies are needed to support new surgical strategies minimizing destabilization and to investigate new forms of adjuvant therapy to minimize @entity137 .

Current Management and Treatment Modalities for Intramedullary XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'patient'] @entity279 :: ('MESH:D018325', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioblastomas'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity'] @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymomas'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intramedullary tumors'] @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system tumors'] @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma'] @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumors']
@entity4097 :: (MESH:D013120,Disease) :: ['Spinal Cord Tumors']
