PURPOSE: The normal @entity1 endometrium is characterized by hormone-dependent variations in the levels of cell-cycle regulatory proteins during the menstrual cycle. As this tightly controlled system is disturbed in @entity1204 , we analyzed which cell-cycle regulators are involved in endometrial carcinogenesis. METHODS: We performed Western blot analysis of five cell-cycle stimulating (cyclins D1, E, B1, @entity15308 , @entity8985 ) and three cell-cycle inhibiting ( @entity986 ( @entity986 ), @entity994 ( @entity994 ), Rb) proteins in 41 @entity1204 specimens. In addition, expression of the @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors (ER, PR), Ki67, and, in selected cases, @entity986 , cyclin E, and @entity8189 was studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: We found upregulation of all analyzed cell-cycle regulators in most @entity5 compared to normal endometrial tissue samples. Overexpression of cyclin E, @entity8189 , and @entity994 was associated with a less differentiated phenotype. In addition, high levels of cyclin E, @entity15308 , and @entity8985 correlated with weak/absent ER expression, and @entity986 and @entity994 overexpression was significantly associated with low PR immunoreactivity. @entity8189 expression correlated with cyclin E, @entity15308 , @entity8985 , @entity994 , Rb, and Ki67, and cyclin E expression with @entity4910 and Rb. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that cyclin E and @entity8189 might be the major cell-cycle regulators involved in proliferation and reduced differentiation of @entity1204 . In addition, @entity986 , @entity994 , and Rb appear to be uncoupled from their normal cell-cycle inhibiting function in many @entity1204 .

Expression of cell-cycle regulatory proteins in XXXX : correlations with hormone receptor status and clinicopathologic parameters.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial carcinomas'] @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen'] @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone'] @entity986 :: ('1029', 'Gene') :: ['p16', 'INK4a'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors'] @entity8189 :: ('891', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin B1', 'Cyclin B1'] @entity8985 :: ('1019', 'Gene') :: ['cdk4'] @entity4910 :: ('595', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin D1'] @entity15308 :: ('1017', 'Gene') :: ['cdk2'] @entity994 :: ('1026', 'Gene') :: ['p21', 'WAF1']
@entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinomas']
