BACKGROUND: The incidence and causative organisms associated with complicated parapneumonic effusions in @entity1 with community-acquired @entity55 are likely to have changed during the past several years. METHODS: Data regarding clinical and laboratory features were abstracted retrospectively from medical records of 76 subjects with complicated parapneumonic effusions at a tertiary @entity1 's hospital from 1996 through 2001. Incidence rates per 10 000 hospital discharges and per 1000 @entity1 with nonviral @entity55 were calculated. RESULTS: Etiologic organisms were @entity328 (31 subjects), @entity794 (7), @entity4195 (5), Abiotrophia sp. (1) and no culture-confirmed agent (32). The annual incidence of complicated parapneumonic effusions per 10 000 discharges progressively increased from 4.5 in 1996 to 25.0 in 1999 (P = 0.0001), then declined to 10.1 in 2001 (P = 0.03). Similarly the incidence per 1000 cases of nonviral @entity55 increased from 2.9 in 1996 to 11.0 in 1999 (P = 0.003) and then declined to 4.8 in 2001 (P = 0.053). Whereas @entity2260 was the leading confirmed etiology in each year, the proportion of cases caused by @entity794 increased from 6% in 1996 to 2000 (all of which were @entity3256 -susceptible) to 30% in 2001 (all @entity3256 -resistant; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of complicated parapneumonic effusions in @entity1 with community-acquired @entity55 increased from 1996 to 1999 and then declined concomitant with the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Although cases caused by @entity2260 have decreased, community onset @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 has emerged as a cause of @entity55 with complicated effusions in @entity1 .

Incidence and etiologies of complicated parapneumonic effusions in XXXX , 1996 to 2001.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients'] @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin'] @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia'] @entity2260 :: ('2104', 'Species') :: ['S. pneumoniae'] @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus'] @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes'] @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']
