Neuroprotective effects of @entity172 are demonstrated consistently in the cerebral cortex, but not in subcortical areas. In the present study, transient @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) were induced for various duration, and protective effects of @entity172 treatment on the cerebral cortex and subcortex were evaluated. @entity2500 was induced for 30, 40 or 60 min in ovariectomized @entity35 . Animals were treated with @entity53 (E2) or vehicle (OVX) 2 h before @entity2500 and sacrificed 24 h after the indicated duration of @entity2500 . @entity2806 was evaluated by @entity5045 staining, @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase @entity1977 nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. E2 treatment reduced the magnitude and delayed the appearance of the @entity2806 area and largely prevented TUNEL staining in the cortex. In the subcortex, E2 treatment prevented the @entity2806 in the 30-min group, reduced lesion area in the 40-min group, but had no effect on @entity2806 area in the 60-min group. E2 treatment significantly decreased apoptotic cell number in the subcortical area at 30 and 40 min, but not at 60 min of @entity2500 . This study demonstrated that @entity172 treatment can protect the cerebral subcortex in a severity-dependent manner, suggesting that the lack of protective effects of @entity172 treatment in the subcortex is not due to the lack of @entity172 receptors. Further, this study indicates that @entity172 could be used as a neuroprotectant to prolong the therapeutic window of thrombolysis and prolong the time of cerebral circulation intervention for neurosurgical procedure.

@entity53 extends ischemic thresholds and exerts neuroprotective effects in cerebral subcortex against transient focal @entity2806 in XXXX .

@entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens'] @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride'] @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic lesion', 'ischemic lesion', 'total ischemic lesion'] @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusions', 'MCAO'] @entity1711 :: ('MESH:D004801', 'Chemical') :: ['eosin'] @entity1977 :: ('CHEBI:17625', 'Chemical') :: ['dUTP'] @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol'] @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']
