BACKGROUND: Single-dose @entity5198 (sd- @entity16333 ) has been the main option for prevention of mother-to- @entity1 transmission (PMTCT) of @entity2858 in low-resource settings. However, sd- @entity16333 can induce the selection of @entity2858 resistant mutations in mothers and @entity1 . In Mozambique, there are limited data regarding the profile of @entity16333 resistance associated mutations (RAM) in the context of PMTCT. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence and the factors associated with @entity16333 RAM among @entity1 born to @entity2858 infected mothers enrolled in the PMTCT programme adopted in Mozambique. METHODS: One hundred and fifty seven @entity1 aged 6 to 48 weeks were sequentially included (July 2011 to March 2012) at four centres in Maputo. Genotyping of RAM was performed in samples with @entity2858 RNA>=  100 copies/ L (Viroseq). Sequencing was performed with ABI 3100 (Applied Biosystems). @entity2357 modelling was undertaken to identify the factors associated with @entity16333 RAM. RESULTS: Seventy-nine @entity1 had their samples genotyped. Their median age was 7.0 (3-12) months and 92.4% received prophylaxis with sd- @entity16333 at birth plus daily @entity16333 . 35.4% of mothers received antiretrovirals (ARVs) for PMTCT. ARV RAM were detected in 43 (54.4%) of the @entity1 . 45.6% of these @entity1 had at least one @entity16333 RAM. The most common mutations associated with @entity16333 resistance were @entity19898 (n = 16) and @entity24606 (n = 15). @entity16333 RAM was significantly associated with mother exposure to PMTCT (crude odds ratio [OR] 30.3, 95% CI 4.93-186.34) and with mother's @entity404 count < 350 cells/mm3 (crude OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.02-9.32). In the multivariable analysis the mother's exposure to PMTCT was the only variable significantly associated with @entity16333 RAM (adjusted OR 48.65, 95% CI 9.33-253.66). CONCLUSIONS: We found a high prevalence of @entity16333 RAM among @entity1 who were exposed to the drug regimen for PMTCT in Mozambique. The mothers' exposure to PMTCT significantly increased the risk of @entity16333 RAM.

Development of @entity5198 Resistance in @entity1 Exposed to the Prevention of Mother-to- @entity1 XXXX Transmission Programme in Maputo, Mozambique.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'child'] @entity404 :: ('920', 'Gene') :: ['CD4'] @entity2858 :: ('11676', 'Species') :: ['HIV-1'] @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression'] @entity19898 :: ('p|SUB|K|103|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K103N'] @entity16333 :: ('CHEBI:63613', 'Chemical') :: ['NVP'] @entity5198 :: ('MESH:D019829', 'Chemical') :: ['nevirapine'] @entity24606 :: ('p|SUB|Y|181|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Y181C']
@entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']
