OBJECTIVES: To determine factors associated with developing nonunion or @entity245 after @entity4422 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort between 2001 and 2009. SETTING: Three level 1 Canadian @entity130 centers. @entity1 : Seven hundred thirty-six (791 @entity174 ) subjects were enrolled. Six hundred eighty-nine (94%) subjects (739 @entity174 ) provided adequate outcome data. INTERVENTION: Subjects were followed until @entity174 (s) healed; phone interviews and chart reviews were conducted 1 year after @entity174 . @entity1 , @entity174 , and @entity130 , and time to surgery and antibiotics were recorded during hospitalization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Nonunion defined as unplanned surgical intervention after definitive wound closure or incomplete radiographic @entity446 at 1 year and @entity245 defined as 2 consecutive clinical assessments showing no radiographic progression or incomplete radiographic @entity446 between 6 months and 1 year. RESULTS: There were 413 (52%) tibia/fibular, 285 (36%) upper extremity, and 93 (13%) @entity3330 . Nonunion developed in 124 (17%) and @entity245 in 63 (8%) @entity174 . The median time to surgery was not different for @entity174 that developed nonunion compared with those who did not (P = 0.36). @entity281 [Odd ratio (OR) 12.75; 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.07-26.8], grade 3A @entity174 (OR 2.49; 95% CI, 1.30-4.78), and smoking (OR 1.73; 95% CI, 1.09-2.76) were significantly associated with developing a nonunion. @entity245 was also significantly associated with @entity281 (OR 4.34; 95% CI, 1.22-15.48) and grade 3B/C @entity174 (OR 3.69; 95% CI, 1.44-9.44). Multivariate regression found no association between nonunion and time to surgery (P = 0.15) or antibiotics (P = 0.70). CONCLUSIONS: @entity281 and higher Gustilo grade @entity174 were associated with nonunion and @entity245 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Factors Associated With Development of Nonunion or XXXX After an Open Long Bone Fracture: A Prospective Cohort Study of 736 Subjects.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS'] @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture'] @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open fracture'] @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed healing', 'delayed healing'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Deep infection', 'deep infection'] @entity446 :: ('MESH:C563468', 'Disease') :: ['healing'] @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury information', 'trauma']
@entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['Delayed Healing']
