PURPOSE: Displaced olecranon @entity174 are often amenable to treatment with open reduction and tension-band wiring. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships of the tips of K-wires used in a @entity531 in the proximal forearm and the proximal radioulnar joint. METHODS: We performed simulated percutaneous pinnings of the proximal ulna under fluoroscopic guidance on 15 cadavers with intact proximal ulnas. The K-wires were drilled obliquely through the tip of the olecranon process and directed to engage the anterior ulnar cortex, distal to the coronoid. Using calipers, we measured the distance from the tip of each pin to the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ), ulnar artery, proximal radioulnar joint (PRUJ), and volar cortex of the ulna, as well as the distance from the volar cortex of the ulna to the @entity1347 and ulnar artery. The angle created by the K-wires and the @entity2270 of the ulna was measured on both anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. RESULTS: The distance from pin tip to the @entity1347 and ulnar artery measured a mean of 16 mm with a standard deviation of 6 mm and 14 mm with a standard deviation of 5 mm, respectively, with 1 pin abutting the artery. The shortest distance from both the @entity1347 (11    5 mm) and the ulnar artery (8    6 mm) was measured with the shallowest angle of insertion, ranging from 10   to 14.9   on lateral radiographs. The mean distance between the pin tip and the PRUJ measured 7 mm with a standard deviation of 4 mm, with @entity45534 penetrating the PRUJ. CONCLUSIONS: The impaction of K-wires under the triceps is often approximately 1 cm, which is similar to the distance of the K-wire tips to the @entity1347 and ulnar artery. Our findings suggest that larger insertion angles might help avoid @entity531 when the insertion point of the K-wires is at or just proximal to the tip of the olecranon. In this study, the safe zone for pin insertion on the anteroposterior view is 0   to 10  , and on the lateral view it is 20   to 30  . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This anatomic study was done to diminish the chance of complications resulting from K-wire placement during tension-band wiring for olecranon @entity174 .

Potential dangers of XXXX : an anatomic study.

@entity45534 :: ('3 pins', 'DNAMutation') :: ['3 pins'] @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures'] @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['AIN', 'anterior interosseous nerve'] @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal axis'] @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular injury', 'tension-band construct to volar neurovascular structures']
@entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['tension band wiring of olecranon fractures']
