OBJECTIVE: @entity542 are the most common @entity130 sustained by @entity1 in motor vehicle crashes regardless of age, restraint, and crash direction. For rear seat occupants, the interaction of the subject with the seat back and the vehicle side interior structures has been previously highlighted. In order to advance this knowledge to the development of countermeasures, a summary of vehicle components that contributed to these @entity130 is needed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to create a contact map of the vehicle interior for head and @entity130 to rear-seated restrained @entity1 in front crashes. METHODS: The Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) was queried for rear-seated, restrained @entity1 occupants (age 0-15 years) in forward-facing @entity1 restraints, booster seats, or lap and shoulder belts who sustained an @entity9904 + head and/or @entity130 in a frontal motor vehicle crash. Cases were analyzed to describe @entity130 patterns and @entity130 causation scenarios. A contact point map was developed to summarize the vehicle components related to @entity130 causation of the @entity542 . RESULTS: Twenty-one cases met the combined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seven of the @entity1 occupants were restrained in forward-facing @entity1 restraints, 2 in belt-positioning booster seats, and 12 in lap and shoulder belts. There were 28 head and 17 @entity8494 . For left rear occupants, the most common contact point was the pillar in front of the occupant's seat row; that is, B-pillar for second-row occupants, indicating a leftward kinematics. For right rear occupants, due to differences in crash dynamics, the most common contact point location was the passenger's seat back, suggesting that these occupants moved predominantly forward. CONCLUSIONS: Contact points associated with @entity542 for restrained @entity1 0 to 15 years in frontal crashes have been delineated. In a majority of the cases, the @entity542 was the most severe @entity130 and severe @entity130 to other body regions were uncommon, suggesting that efforts to mitigate @entity542 for these occupants would greatly improve their overall safety. The majority of the head/face contact points were to the first @entity615 . In these frontal crashes, the importance of head/face contact with the vehicle side structure suggests that deploying a curtain air bag in frontal impacts may help manage the energy of impact. These data advance the current understanding of @entity130 patterns and causation in frontal crashes involving restrained rear-row occupants and can be used to develop solutions to mitigate the @entity130 sustained.

Head impact contact points for restrained XXXX occupants.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child'] @entity9904 :: ('378426', 'Gene') :: ['AIS2'] @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries', 'Head injuries', 'head/face injury'] @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['row seat back and B-pillar'] @entity8494 :: ('MESH:D005151', 'Disease') :: ['facial injuries'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'face injury', 'face injuries', 'injury']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']
