UNASSIGNED: Psidium guajava L. is a well-known traditional medicinal plant widely used in folk medicine. To explore the anti-inflammatory activity of the @entity3096 fraction of guava leaf extract (FGLE), we investigated its ability to suppress the levels of inflammatory mediators elevated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in @entity32342 head-kidney (HK) macrophages. HK macrophages of @entity32342 were treated with LPS in the presence or absence of the FGLE. We examined the inhibitory effect of FGLE on LPS-induced @entity842 (NO) and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) production. The inhibitory effect of FGLE on @entity842 synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were investigated by RT-PCR and western blot. The effect of FGLE on proinflammatory cytokines @entity5 necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) or interleukin-1b (IL-1b) was also investigated by ELISA and RT-PCR. The phosphorylation of three mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) molecules ERK, JNK and p38 was analysed by western blot analysis. FGLE inhibited LPS-induced NO and @entity1421 production. It also effectively inhibited TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-10, iNOS, and COX-2 production in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, FGLE suppressed the mRNA expression levels of TNF-a and IL-1b in LPS-stimulated HK macrophages. RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed that FGLE decreased both the mRNA and protein expression levels of LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 in HK macrophages. FGLE suppresses the phosphorylation of MAPK molecules in LPS-stimulated HK macrophages. FGLE also significantly inhibited LPS-induced NF-kB transcriptional activity. The molecular mechanism by which FGLE suppresses the expression of inflammatory mediators appears to involve the inhibition of NF-kB activation, through the suppression of LPS-induced IkB-a degradation. Together these results suggest that FGLE contains potential therapeutic agent(s), which regulate NF-kB activation, for the treatment of inflammatory conditions in @entity32342 macrophages.

Flavonoid fraction of guava leaf extract attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response via blocking of NF-kB signalling pathway in XXXX macrophages.

@entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour'] @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2'] @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide'] @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid'] @entity32342 :: ('84645', 'Species') :: ['Labeo rohita', 'L.  rohita']
@entity32342 :: (84645,Species) :: ['Labeo rohita']
