Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a promising cell membrane ablative modality for @entity788 . There have been recent concerns regarding local recurrence and the potential use of IRE as a debulking (partial ablation) modality. We hypothesize that incomplete ablation leads to early recurrence and a more aggressive biology. We created the first ever heterotopic @entity19 model by inoculating BALB/c @entity19 in the hindlimb with a subcutaneous injection of Panc-1 cells, an immortalized @entity1 @entity788 cell line. Tumors were allowed to grow from 0.75 to 1.5   cm and then treated with the goal of complete ablation or partial ablation using standard IRE settings. Animals were recovered and survived for 2 days (n = 6), 7 (n = 6), 14 (n = 6), 21 (n = 6), 30 (n = 8), and 60 (n = 8) days. All 40 animals/ @entity5 underwent successful IRE under general anesthesia with @entity4589 . The mean @entity5 volume of the animals undergoing ablation was 1,447.6   mm(3)    884). Histologically, in the 14-, 21-, 30-, and 60-day survival groups the entire @entity5 was nonviable, with a persistent @entity5 nodule completely replaced @entity82 . In the group treated with partial ablation, incomplete electroporation/recurrences (N = 10 animals) were seen, of which 66% had confluent @entity5 and this was a significant predictor of recurrence (P < 0.001). Recurrent @entity5 were also significantly larger (mean 4,578   mm(3)    SD 877 versus completed electroporated @entity5 925.8        277, P < 0.001). Recurrent @entity5 had a steeper growth curve (slope = 0.73) compared with @entity5 (0.60, P = 0.02). Recurrent @entity5 also had a significantly higher percentage of @entity5960 expression, suggestive of stem cell activation. Tumors that recur after incomplete electroporation demonstrate a biologically aggressive @entity5 that could be more resistant to standard of care chemotherapy. Clinical correlation of this data is limited, but should be considered when IRE of @entity788 is being considered.

Efficacy of irreversible electroporation in @entity1 @entity788 : advanced XXXX model.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity5960 :: ('4072', 'Gene') :: ['EpCAM'] @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma'] @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis'] @entity4589 :: ('MESH:D012133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle paralysis'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['nude mice', 'murine'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']
@entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']
