OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive utility of baseline odor identification deficits for future @entity73 and the diagnosis of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) @entity303 . METHODS: In a multiethnic community cohort in North Manhattan, NY, 1,037 @entity1 without @entity303 were evaluated with the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). In 757 @entity1 , follow-up occurred at 2 years and 4 years. RESULTS: In logistic regression analyses, lower baseline UPSIT scores were associated with @entity73 (relative risk 1.067 per point interval; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.040, 1.095; p < 0.0001), and remained significant (relative risk 1.065 per point interval; 95% CI 1.034, 1.095; p < 0.0001) after including covariates. UPSIT, but not Selective Reminding Test-total immediate recall, predicted @entity73 in @entity1 without baseline @entity73 . During follow-up, 101 @entity1 transitioned to @entity195 . In discrete time survival analyses, lower baseline UPSIT scores were associated with transition to @entity195 (hazard ratio 1.099 per point interval; 95% CI 1.067, 1.131; p < 0.0001), and remained highly significant (hazard ratio 1.072 per point interval; 95% CI 1.036, 1.109; p < 0.0001) after including demographic, cognitive, and functional covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Impairment in odor identification was superior to @entity2414 in predicting @entity73 in cognitively intact @entity1 . The findings support the cross-cultural use of a relatively inexpensive odor identification test as an early biomarker of @entity73 and @entity195 . Such testing may have the potential to select/stratify @entity1 in treatment trials of @entity73 @entity1 or prevention trials in cognitively intact individuals.

Olfactory deficits predict XXXX and @entity195 in an urban community.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients'] @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia'] @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitively impaired', 'cognitive decline'] @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'AD dementia', 'Alzheimer disease'] @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in verbal episodic memory']
@entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive decline']
