BACKGROUND: Autopsy studies show a higher prevalence of circle of @entity6038 in brains with signs of @entity1188 . Our goal was to examine the collateral function of the circle of Willis in @entity385 @entity1 and to assess in a case-control study if a collateral deficient circle of Willis is a risk factor for @entity385 in @entity1 with severe internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusive disease. METHODS: Our case-control study included 109 @entity1 with an acute @entity385 in the anterior circulation and 113 @entity1 with @entity3657 and no known history of @entity2806 . The collateral function of the anterior and posterior communicating arteries of the circle of Willis was assessed by means of transcranial color-coded duplex ultrasonography (TCCD) and carotid compression tests. RESULTS: TCCD was successfully performed in 75 case @entity1 (mean age 64 years, range 41-91 years) and in 100 control @entity1 (mean age 61 years, range 35-89 years). In 26 cases and 19 controls, a >/=70% @entity850 or occlusion of the ICA was found. A nonfunctional anterior collateral pathway in the circle of Willis was found in 33% of the cases and in 6% of the controls (p < 0.001). The posterior collateral pathway was nonfunctional in 57% of the cases and in 43% of the controls (p = 0.02). In @entity1 with severe @entity432 , the odds ratios of a nonfunctional anterior and a nonfunctional posterior collateral pathway were 7.33 (95% confidence interval, CI, = 1.19-76.52) and 3.00 (95% CI = 0.77-12.04), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who suffer @entity385 in the anterior circulation have a higher incidence of collateral deficient circles of Willis than those with @entity731 without @entity63 . The presence of a nonfunctional anterior collateral pathway in the circle of Willis in @entity1 with severe @entity432 is strongly associated with @entity385 .

Absent collateral function of the circle of Willis as risk factor for XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis'] @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease'] @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia'] @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cerebrovascular disease'] @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic infarction'] @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['ICA occlusive disease'] @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic vascular disease'] @entity6038 :: ('MESH:D011218', 'Disease') :: ['Willis anomalies'] @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']
@entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']
