This present review explores the mechanisms for DNA damage induced @entity57734 arrest in @entity1 cells. The complexity of the @entity876 pathway is attested to by the variety of genes regulated by @entity876 , many of which require further investigation to bring their importance into focus. One gene intensely studied, @entity994 , has been linked to the G1 arrest mechanism and may, like @entity876 , be involved in some aspect of DNA repair. The outcome of @entity876 activation for cell survival is equally complex and relies much upon cellular context and the type of DNA damaging agent employed. Although @entity876 may participate in sensing DNA damage, additional components are likely to be required. Much of the focus on defining the mechanism of G2 arrest in @entity1 cells has concentrated on the @entity8189 / @entity10610 kinase. Activation of this kinase is suppressed by DNA damage, and this may result from the imposition of inhibitory phosphorylations on the @entity10610 kinase as well as downregulation of @entity8189 levels. The logical point where the G2 checkpoint interacts with the @entity10610 - @entity10609 autocatalytic loop to prevent @entity10610 activation remains to be defined and could involve inhibition of @entity10609 - @entity10610 interaction. It is hoped that moving upstream of @entity10610 towards the point where DNA damage is sensed by the cell will uncover homologues of @entity375 components implicated in G2 checkpoint control. The finding that certain G2 checkpoint abrogators preferentially synergize with DNA damaging agents in cells with defective @entity876 provides a potential pharmacological route through which @entity876 defective cells might be targeted for destruction. Further exploration of this vulnerability might prove useful for future anti- @entity5 drug discovery efforts.

XXXX @entity57734 phase checkpoints.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian'] @entity10610 :: ('983', 'Gene') :: ['CDC2'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer'] @entity8189 :: ('891', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin B1'] @entity876 :: ('7157', 'Gene') :: ['TP53'] @entity10609 :: ('995', 'Gene') :: ['CDC25C'] @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast'] @entity57734 :: ('5544;7916', 'Gene') :: ['G1 and G2'] @entity994 :: ('1026', 'Gene') :: ['p21']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Mammalian']
