The continuous use of @entity5627 can result in the development of drug resistance. @entity5638 -resistant clinical isolates, spontaneous and induced mutants of @entity54 have been documented. The azoles block the @entity12364 biosynthesis pathway by inhibiting the enzyme 14-alpha-demethylase, product of the CYP51. Fungal @entity5638 resistance involves both @entity535 changes in the target site that alter drug-target interactions and those that decrease net @entity5638 accumulation. The reduced intracellular accumulation has also been correlated with overexpression of multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux transporter genes of the @entity855 -binding cassette (ABC) and the @entity3173 ( @entity3173 ) classes. About 20 genes are involved in the A. fumigatus @entity12364 biosynthesis pathway. There are several duplicated genes in this pathway. Interestingly, erg3 and erg11 showed two copies in A. fumigatus. In general, @entity54 spp. have proportionally more @entity3173 transporter encoding genes than @entity375 , @entity6739 , and @entity1980 . The drug H+ (12 and 14 spanners) sub-families are also proportionally greater than in the other species. Although the numbers of ABC transporter encoding genes are comparable, again the @entity54 spp. have more ABC transporters related to multidrug permease than the other fungal species.

The XXXX biosynthesis pathway, transporter genes, and @entity5638 resistance in @entity54 .

@entity12364 :: ('MESH:D004875', 'Chemical') :: ['ergosterol'] @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['S. pombe'] @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae'] @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid'] @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['major facilitator superfamily', 'MFS'] @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['Neurospora crassa'] @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Aspergillus'] @entity5627 :: ('MESH:D014230', 'Chemical') :: ['triazoles'] @entity5638 :: ('CHEBI:68452', 'Chemical') :: ['azole', 'Azole'] @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['ATP']
@entity12364 :: (MESH:D004875,Chemical) :: ['ergosterol']
