The transition from stable to rupture-prone and @entity731 involves many processes, including an altered balance between @entity32 and @entity82 . An important mediator of both is transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and a pivotal role for @entity641 in atherogenesis has been postulated. Here, we determine the in vivo effects of @entity641 inhibition on plaque progression and phenotype in @entity731 . Recombinant soluble @entity15136 (TGFbetaRII:Fc), which inhibits @entity641 signaling, was injected in @entity6970 -deficient @entity19 for 12 weeks (50 microg, twice a week intraperitoneally) as early treatment (treatment age 5 to 17 weeks) and delayed treatment (age 17 to 29 weeks). In the early treatment group, inhibition of @entity641 signaling treatment resulted in a prominent increase in @entity5168 - and @entity8236 -positive cells in @entity731 . Most profound effects were found in the delayed treatment group. Plaque area decreased 37.5% after TGFbetaRII:Fc treatment. Moreover, plaque morphology changed into an inflammatory phenotype that was low in @entity82 : lipid cores were 64.6% larger, and inflammatory cell content had increased 2.7-fold. The amount of @entity82 decreased 49.6%, and intraplaque @entity548 and @entity68 and fibrin deposition were observed frequently. TGFbetaRII:Fc treatment did not result in systemic effects. These results reveal a pivotal role for @entity641 in the maintenance of the balance between @entity32 and @entity82 in @entity731 .

Transforming growth factor-beta mediates balance between @entity32 and XXXX during plaque progression.

@entity8236 :: ('19264(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['CD45'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis'] @entity6970 :: ('11816(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E'] @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages'] @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity5168 :: ('12501(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['CD3'] @entity15136 :: ('21813(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta receptor II'] @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'ruptured atherosclerotic plaques', 'atherosclerotic lesions', 'atherosclerotic plaques'] @entity68 :: ('MESH:D007501', 'Chemical') :: ['iron']
@entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']
