In the brain, muscarinic @entity934 receptors (mAChRs) are involved in higher cognitive functions including synaptic plasticity and memory. In @entity195 ( @entity195 ) @entity1 the cholinergic nervous system is severely damaged. In order to reinforce the cholinergic system, clinical tests were started to use cholinomimetic drugs to treat @entity195 @entity1 . To identify the genes involved in mAChR signalling, we used a differential display approach and found 11 genes that were readily activated by mAChR with 1 hour of activation. These included the transcription factors @entity5738 , @entity32854 , @entity19733 , @entity1178 , @entity1178 -D and @entity12861 ; the growth regulator @entity39368 ; the signalling factors @entity5282 ( @entity5282 ) and @entity70330 ; the unknown gene @entity14960 (for @entity14960 ); and the acetylcholinesterase gene ( @entity10810 ). Our data show that multiple immediate-early genes are under the control of mAChRs, and they suggest that these genes play important roles in coupling receptor stimulation to long-term neuronal responses. The results also suggest a feedback mechanism where up-regulated @entity10810 expression and accelerated breakdown of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) at the cholinergic synapses limits increases in cholinergic transmission. Three hours after m1 mAChR activation a different pattern of gene expression was demonstrated. It included the novel genes @entity23903 and @entity45192 , as well as the LIM-only protein LM04. Like @entity10810 , these genes are target genes which may be under the control of the above immediate-early genes. Together, our data show that muscarinic receptors induce a complex and sustained pattern of gene expression that may be involved in the regulation of cholinergic transmission as well as the control of cellular functions in post-synaptic cholinergic target cells. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the effects and side effects of cholinomimetic treatment in @entity195 @entity1 .

Regulation of gene expression by muscarinic XXXX receptors.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity32854 :: ('1959', 'Gene') :: ['Egr-2'] @entity12861 :: ('2354', 'Gene') :: ['Gos-3'] @entity45192 :: ('5872', 'Gene') :: ['Gig-4'] @entity19733 :: ('1960', 'Gene') :: ['Egr-3'] @entity39368 :: ('3491', 'Gene') :: ['hCyr61'] @entity70330 :: ('9592', 'Gene') :: ['Etr101'] @entity1617 :: ('CHEBI:22614', 'Chemical') :: ['ACh'] @entity5738 :: ('1958', 'Gene') :: ['Egr-1'] @entity1178 :: ('3725', 'Gene') :: ['Jun', 'c-Jun'] @entity23903 :: ('8772', 'Gene') :: ['Gig-3'] @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"] @entity10810 :: ('43', 'Gene') :: ['ACHE'] @entity14960 :: ('10221', 'Gene') :: ['G-protein-coupled receptor induced gene 2', 'Gig-2'] @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['NGFi-B', 'nerve growth factor induced gene-B'] @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']
@entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']
