UNASSIGNED: @entity263 is the second most commonly diagnosed @entity5 among @entity1 in the United States. @entity263 therapy is severely hampered by lack of response and development of resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs in @entity1 . Therefore, the development and discovery of new drugs have become an urgent clinical need. Interferons (IFNs), a family of pleiotropic cytokines, exert antitumor activities due to their anti-proliferative, immunomodulatory and proapoptotic functions. Here, we report that pretreatment of @entity263 PC-3 cells with IFNs sensitized these cells to double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs)-induced apoptosis. The enhancement effect of IFN treatment was dependent on IFN subtypes, in particular, @entity379 . In comparison with @entity686 or b, @entity379 treatment remarkably augmented apoptosis in PC-3 cells induced with @entity14018 ( @entity14018 ), a synthesized form of dsRNA. We demonstrated that IFN-signaling was necessary for these effects by using mutant cell lines. Transfection of 2-5A, the activator of @entity30615 , or silencing of dsRNA-dependent protein kinase R ( @entity9657 ) by siRNA did not have any significant impact on this event, suggesting that neither @entity30615 nor @entity9657 was involved in @entity14018 / @entity379 -induced apoptosis in the cells. Further investigation of the apoptotic pathway revealed that @entity2428 , a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2family, was synergistically up-regulated by @entity379 and @entity14018 , whereas other members of the family were not affected. Knocking down of @entity2428 demonstrated its contribution to @entity14018 / @entity379 -induced apoptosis in the cells. We believeour findings will precipitate the design of novel therapeutic strategies for @entity263 .

Effects of interferons and double-stranded RNA on @entity1 XXXX cell apoptosis.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men'] @entity14018 :: ('MESH:D011070', 'Chemical') :: ['polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid', 'poly I:C'] @entity9657 :: ('5610', 'Gene') :: ['PKR'] @entity2428 :: ('578', 'Gene') :: ['Bak'] @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer'] @entity686 :: ('3438', 'Gene') :: ['IFN a'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer'] @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN y'] @entity30615 :: ('6041', 'Gene') :: ['RNase L']
@entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']
