BACKGROUND: @entity3520 ( @entity3520 ) presenting in early adult life is more frequent in @entity1 , whereas in middle age it is female predominant. Temporal discrimination, an endophenotype of adult-onset @entity3520 , shows evidence of sexual dimorphism in healthy @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: We assessed the distinctive features of age-related sexual dimorphism of (i) sex ratios in @entity3519 phenotypes and (ii) sexual dimorphism in temporal discrimination in unaffected relatives of cervical @entity3519 @entity1 . METHODS: We performed (i) a meta-regression analysis of the proportion of @entity1 in published cohorts of phenotypes of @entity3520 in relation to their mean age of onset and (ii) an analysis of temporal discrimination thresholds in 220 unaffected first-degree relatives (125 @entity1 ) of cervical @entity3519 @entity1 . RESULTS: In 53 studies of @entity3519 phenotypes, the proportion of @entity1 showed a highly significant negative association with mean age of onset (p   <   0.0001, pseudo-R (2)   =   59.6%), with increasing female predominance from 40   years of age. Age of onset and phenotype together explained 92.8% of the variance in proportion of @entity1 . Temporal discrimination in relatives under the age of 35   years is faster in @entity1 than @entity1 but the age-related rate of deterioration in @entity1 is twice that of @entity1 ; after 45   years of age, @entity1 have faster temporal discrimination than @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Temporal discrimination in unaffected relatives of cervical @entity3519 @entity1 and sex ratios in @entity3520 phenotypes show similar patterns of age-related sexual dimorphism. Such age-related sexual dimorphism in temporal discrimination and adult-onset @entity3520 may reflect common underlying mechanisms. Cerebral @entity1246 levels have been reported to show similar age-related sexual dimorphism in healthy @entity1 and may be the mechanism underlying the observed age-related sexual dimorphism in temporal discrimination and the sex ratios in @entity3520 .

Age-Related Sexual Dimorphism in Temporal Discrimination and in Adult-Onset XXXX Suggests GABAergic Mechanisms.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men'] @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['dystonia'] @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['AOIFD', 'focal dystonia', 'Adult-onset isolated focal dystonia', 'idiopathic isolated focal dystonia', 'adult-onset dystonia'] @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['GABA']
@entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['Dystonia']
