Lymphoscintigraphy for @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ) identification has been extensively validated in @entity0 and @entity320 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the findings of lymphoscintigraphy for @entity1817 identification in @entity189 . Lymphoscintigraphy was performed in 74 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 62.2 years, range 28-87 years) with clinically lymph node-negative @entity957 (stage T2 or greater). Following local anaesthesia by @entity3303 10% spray, @entity1136 nanocolloid (mean dose 64.8 MBq, range 40-131 MBq) in a volume of 0.3-0.4 ml was injected intradermally around the @entity5 . Shortly after injection, a 20-min dynamic study was performed with a dual-head gamma camera; subsequently, static anterior and lateral images were obtained at 30 min and 2 h using simultaneous cobalt-57 flood source transmission scanning. 57Co-assisted skin marking defined @entity1817 location for gamma probe/blue dye-guided biopsy, which was performed the next day. The @entity1817 visualization rate was 97% (72/74). Lymphatic drainage was bilateral in 81% of the cases (58/72), exclusively to the left groin in 13% (9/72) and only to the right groin in 6%. @entity1600 was synchronous in 38% (22/58) and asynchronous in 62% (in 18 @entity1 the initial route was the left groin, and in the other 18, the right groin). Visualization before 30 min occurred in 66 @entity1 (93%), in 64 of them (88%) already during the dynamic study. A total of 173 SNs were visualized (85 in the right groin, 88 in the left groin). Pitfalls were caused by inguinal skin contamination during injection (four @entity1 ) and intracavernous administration (one @entity1 ). At surgery, a total of 161 SNs were identified and removed. Sixteen @entity1 (22%) had a @entity5 and underwent standard regional lymph node dissection subsequently. During follow-up (median 28 months, range 3-74 months), two @entity1 with a negative @entity1817 developed lymph node @entity3 in the mapped basin. It is concluded that @entity546 is a valid and well-tolerated method for lymphatic mapping and @entity1817 identification. Although bilateral early inguinal drainage is the most frequent pattern, late imaging is recommended principally in @entity1 with initial unilateral drainage in order to exclude delayed lymph node filling in the contralateral groin. @entity1817 identification may lead to a more accurate staging and avoid extensive lymph node dissection in the majority of @entity1 with @entity17539 .

@entity546 for XXXX identification.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium-99m'] @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumour-positive SN'] @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the penis'] @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral lymph node drainage'] @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the penis'] @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['SN', 'sentinel node'] @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['xylocaine'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases'] @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile lymphoscintigraphy'] @entity17539 :: ('MESH:D010412', 'Disease') :: ['penile carcinoma'] @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']
@entity1817 :: (MESH:D012804,Disease) :: ['sentinel node']
