BACKGROUND: Biomass refining into multiple products has gained considerable momentum due to its potential benefits for economic and environmental sustainability. However, the recalcitrance of biomass is a major challenge in bio-based product production. Multilevel composition fractionation processes should be beneficial in overcoming biomass recalcitrance and achieving effective conversion of multiple compositions of biomass. The present study concerns the fractionation of @entity3505 straw using steam explosion, coupled with @entity1068 extraction, and that this facilitates the establishment of @entity3363 and lignin platform and enables the production of regenerated cellulose films. RESULTS: The results showed that the hemicellulose fractionation yield was 73% under steam explosion at 1.6 MPa for 5.2 minutes, while the lignin fractionation yield was 90% by @entity1068 extraction at 160  C for 2 hours and with 60% @entity1068 (v/v). The cellulose yield reached up to 93% after steam explosion coupled with @entity1068 extraction. Therefore, cellulose sugar, hemicellulose sugar, and lignin platform were established effectively in the present study. Long fibers (retained by a 40-mesh screening) accounted for 90% of the total cellulose fibers, and the glucan conversion of short fibers was 90% at 9.0 hours with a cellulase loading of 25 filter paper units/g cellulose in enzymatic hydrolysis. Regenerated cellulose film was prepared from long fibers using @entity50881 , and the tensile strength and breaking elongation was 120 MPa and 4.8%, respectively. The cross-section of regenerated cellulose film prepared by @entity50881 displayed homogeneous structure, which indicated a dense architecture and a better mechanical performance. CONCLUSIONS: Multilevel composition fractionation process using steam explosion followed by @entity1068 extraction was shown to be an effective process by which @entity3505 straw could be fractionated into different polymeric fractions with high yields. High-value utilization of @entity3505 straw cellulose was achieved by preparing regenerated cellulose film using @entity50881 .

Multilevel composition fractionation process for high-value utilization of XXXX straw cellulose.

@entity3505 :: ('4565', 'Species') :: ['wheat'] @entity50881 :: ('MESH:C502841', 'Chemical') :: ['[bmim]Cl'] @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['ethanol'] @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['sugars']
@entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']
