The incidence of @entity364 has risen sharply in the last two decades, reflecting a rise in the number of @entity1 who are predisposed to these diseases because they are immunosuppressed or immunocompromised. The growing use of intensive chemotherapy to treat @entity5 , highly immunosuppressive drug regimens (not only in transplant recipients), widespread prophylactic or empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics, prolonged parenteral nutrition, long-term indwelling lines, improved survival in neonatal and other intensive care units, together with the @entity791 epidemic have led to an upsurge in the number of @entity1 at risk. In addition, there have been changes in the epidemiology of @entity364 , with Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp. other than @entity5132 becoming increasingly common causes. These changes have affected the selection of drugs for first-line or prophylactic use, as not all agents have the critical spectrum of activity required. The management of @entity364 can be divided into four main strategies: prophylaxis, early empirical use, pre-emptive and definite therapy. Antifungal prophylaxis is given based on the @entity1 risk factors, but in the absence of @entity281 . Empirical antifungal therapy is given in @entity1 at risk with signs of @entity281 of unclear aetiology (usually persistent @entity221 ) but of possible fungal origin. Therapy is given pre-emptively in @entity1 at risk with additional evidence for the presence of an infective agent in a way predisposing for @entity281 (e.g. Aspergillus colonization; high Candida colonization index). Finally, definite treatment is used in @entity1 with confirmed @entity364 . The distinction between risk-adapted prophylaxis, early empirical therapy, and pre-emptive use of antifungals often becomes unclear and clinical decision making depends largely on local epidemiology and resistance patterns, adequate definition of @entity1 risk categories, early diagnosis and the calculation of cost-benefit ratios. This article addresses the use of @entity2059 in the treatment of invasive @entity364 in the haematology @entity1 .

The place for XXXX in treatment.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer'] @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection'] @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'systemic fungal infections', 'fungal infection'] @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS'] @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever'] @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']
@entity2059 :: (MESH:D017964,Chemical) :: ['itraconazole']
