BACKGROUND: Bilateral high frequency subthalamic stimulation has been reported to be effective in the treatment of @entity191 and levodopa-induced @entity910 . To analyze the results of this surgical procedure we critically reviewed 17 @entity191 @entity1 with @entity1442 complicated by motor fluctuations and @entity910 . METHODS: Between January 1998 and June 1999 these 17 consecutive @entity1 (age 48-68 years; illness duration 8-27 years) underwent bilateral stereotactically guided implantation of electrodes into the subthalamic nucleus in the Department of Neurosurgery of the Istituto Nazionale Neurologico "C. Besta." Parameters used for continuous high-frequency stimulation were: frequency 160 Hz, pulse width 90 microsec, mean amplitude 2.05 +/- 0.45 V. Parts II and III of the UPDRS were used to assess motor performance before and after operation by the neurologic team. The follow-up ranged between 6 and 18 months. RESULTS: At latest examination, mean UPDRS II and III scores had improved by 30% (on stimulation, off therapy) with mean 50% reduction in daily off time. Peak @entity910 and early morning @entity3519 also improved in relation to therapy reduction. Side effects were persistent postoperative supranuclear oculomotor palsy and postural instability in one case, worsened off-medication hypophonia in three, and temporary nocturnal @entity911 episodes in three. Postoperative MRI revealed a clinically silent @entity1779 in one case. One electrode required repositioning. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous high frequency @entity9221 stimulation is an effective treatment for advanced @entity1726 . A functionally useful and safe electrode placement can be performed without microrecording.

Effect of bilateral subthalamic electrical stimulation in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity9221 :: ('1917', 'Gene') :: ['STN'] @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias'] @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian'] @entity1726 :: ('OMIM:168600', 'Disease') :: ['PD'] @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease'] @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion'] @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['dystonias'] @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral haematoma']
@entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']
