UNASSIGNED: Most previous attempts at reconstructing the past history of @entity1 populations did not explicitly take geography into account or considered very simple scenarios of migration and ignored environmental information. However, it is likely that the last glacial maximum (LGM) affected the demography and the range of many species, including our own. Moreover, @entity1480 ( @entity1480 ) may have been an important component of @entity1 migrations, allowing fast colonization of new territories and preserving high levels of genetic diversity. Here, we use a high-quality microsatellite data set genotyped in 22 populations to estimate the posterior probabilities of several scenarios for the settlement of the Old World by modern @entity1 . We considered models ranging from a simple spatial expansion to others including @entity1480 and a LGM-induced range contraction, as well as Neolithic demographic expansions. We find that scenarios with @entity1480 are much better supported by data than models without @entity1480 . Nevertheless, we show evidence that @entity1480 events to empty habitats were strongly prevented during the settlement of Eurasia. This unexpected absence of @entity1480 ahead of the colonization wave front could have been caused by an Allee effect, either due to intrinsic causes such as an inbreeding @entity308 built during the expansion or due to extrinsic causes such as direct competition with archaic @entity1 . Overall, our results suggest only a relatively limited effect of the LGM contraction on current patterns of @entity1 diversity. This is in clear contrast with the major role of @entity1480 migrations, which have potentially contributed to the intermingled genetic structure of Eurasian populations.

Long-Distance Dispersal Shaped Patterns of XXXX Genetic Diversity in Eurasia.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human'] @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression'] @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['long-distance dispersal', 'LDD']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']
