BACKGROUND: This article is a critical review of the epidemiologic studies linking or disassociating oral conditions with @entity64 and @entity1095 , or PVD. It also describes possible causal and non-causal pathways for these associations. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The author reviewed studies that evaluated the oral conditions of @entity2520 or @entity2524 as risk factors for @entity455 and @entity64 . RESULTS: Seven of nine studies evaluating @entity2524 and @entity2520 as risk factors for @entity64 or PVD showed some significant associations. The studies varied in the exposures and outcomes evaluated; therefore, the associations were not consistently replicated. It is unclear whether the associations found between these oral conditions and @entity65 had any causal component. In the absence of any causal relationship, the associations may be explained by common risk factors. Alternatively, there may be a causal relationship that may be explained by one or more potential causal pathways. Further epidemiologic studies are needed, and the role of nutrition and other inflammatory mediators needs to be explored further in this context. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: It is recommended that clinicians continue to provide standard professional care, as well as nutritional counseling to help @entity1 maintain a healthy diet after extractions. Clinicians are cautioned against suggesting extractions as a means of preventing @entity65 .

The relationship between oral conditions and ischemic stroke and XXXX .

@entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke'] @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease'] @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease'] @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['tooth loss'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']
@entity1095 :: (MESH:D016491,Disease) :: ['peripheral vascular disease']
