The possibility that chemicals induce skin irritation by multiple mechanisms was studied in laboratory @entity19 . The time course and dose response to topical application of @entity3971 , croton oil, @entity3676 , @entity40065 (EPP), and @entity27178 were compared. The responses to each chemical were measured as changes in ear thickness following application to one ear. Maximal responses were as follows: @entity27178 20 min, @entity3971 1 hr, croton oil and @entity3676 6 hr, and EPP 8 hr. The response to EPP included an early, smaller response at 1 hr. Time courses of the responses were not altered by changing the vehicle in which the irritants were applied or by altering the dose. The rates of regression of the inflammatory responses also varied. Although visibly normal, thickness of ears treated with either @entity3971 or @entity3676 remained 0.05 to 1 mm thicker than solvent-treated control ears for 6 weeks. Although the incidence of prolonged thickness was dose related, it was not determined by the intensity of the acute response; doses of other irritants which produced equivalent acute increases in ear thickness did not produce similar changes. The components of the acute responses, i.e., vascular permeability, change in blood flow, and cellular infiltration, to 5 mg @entity27178 , 2 mg EPP, and 0.05 mg croton oil were compared in studies of tissue histology, changes in vascular permeability by @entity3460 and 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin, and change in local surface temperature as an index of blood flow. The histology of the reactions at the time of maximum response to the chemicals differed. Multiple periods of increased permeability and increased surface temperature were produced by the irritants. The permeability and blood flow responses produced by the irritants varied in number, time of occurrence relative to time of application and to time of maximum response, and in magnitude of the changes. Differences in time courses of the responses which were not altered by experimentally varying rate of absorption and in components of the inflammatory response to the three irritants suggest that chemicals induce skin irritation by multiple mechanisms.

Mechanisms of chemically induced skin irritation. I. Studies of time course, dose response, and components of inflammation in the laboratory XXXX .

@entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity27178 :: ('MESH:C033069', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl salicylate'] @entity3971 :: ('MESH:D019800', 'Chemical') :: ['phenol'] @entity40065 :: ('MESH:C015202', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl phenylpropiolate'] @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue'] @entity3676 :: ('MESH:D001548', 'Chemical') :: ['benzalkonium chloride']
@entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']
