UNASSIGNED: Liraglutide is an acylated @entity5445 analogue with 97  % @entity3689 homology with native @entity5445 and greatly protracted action. It is widely used for the treatment of @entity6 , and administered by subcutaneous injection once daily. The pharmacokinetic properties of liraglutide enable 24-h exposure coverage, a requirement for 24-h glycaemic control with once-daily dosing. The mechanism of protraction relates to slowed release from the injection site, and a reduced elimination rate owing to metabolic stabilisation and reduced renal filtration. Drug exposure is largely independent of injection site, as well as age, race and ethnicity. Increasing body weight and male sex are associated with reduced concentrations, but there is substantial overlap between subgroups; therefore, dose escalation should be based on individual treatment outcome. Exposure is reduced with mild, moderate or severe @entity8 . There are no clinically relevant changes in overall concentrations of various drugs (e.g. @entity1443 , @entity2993 , @entity3101 , @entity6838 , @entity3593 and oral combination contraceptives) when co-administered with liraglutide. Pharmacodynamic studies show multiple beneficial actions with liraglutide, including improved fasting and postprandial glycaemic control (mediated by increased insulin and reduced glucagon levels and minor delays in @entity356 ), reduced appetite and energy intake, and effects on postprandial lipid profiles. The counter-regulatory hormone response to hypoglycaemia is largely unaltered. The effects of liraglutide on insulin and glucagon secretion are @entity413 dependent, and hence the risk of hypoglycaemia is low. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of liraglutide make it an important treatment option for many @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

Liraglutide in XXXX : Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal or hepatic impairment'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes'] @entity3101 :: ('MESH:D006118', 'Chemical') :: ['griseofulvin'] @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin'] @entity6838 :: ('MESH:D004077', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxin'] @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['type'] @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose'] @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol'] @entity3689 :: ('D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid'] @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying'] @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide-1']
@entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus']
