Purpose To develop and evaluate an examination consisting of magnetic resonance (MR) fingerprinting-based T1, T2, and standard apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping for multiparametric characterization of @entity4623 . Materials and Methods This institutional review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective study of prospectively collected data included 140 @entity1 suspected of having @entity263 . T1 and T2 mapping was performed with fast imaging with steady-state precession-based MR fingerprinting with ADC mapping. Regions of interest were drawn by two independent readers in peripheral zone lesions and normal-appearing peripheral zone (NPZ) tissue identified on clinical images. T1, T2, and ADC were recorded for each region. Histopathologic correlation was based on systematic transrectal biopsy or cognitively targeted biopsy results, if available. Generalized estimating equations logistic regression was used to assess T1, T2, and @entity5 versus NPZ, (b) @entity5 versus @entity1069 , (c) @entity1069 versus NPZ, and (d) high- or intermediate-grade @entity5 versus low-grade @entity5 . Analysis was performed for all lesions and repeated in a targeted biopsy subset. Discriminating ability was evaluated by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results In this study, 109 lesions were analyzed, including 39 with cognitively targeted sampling. T1, T2, and ADC from @entity5 (mean, 1628 msec    344, 73 msec    27, and 0.773 * 10(-3) mm(2)/sec    0.331, respectively) were significantly lower than those from NPZ (mean, 2247 msec    450, 169 msec    61, and 1.711 * 10(-3) mm(2)/sec    0.269) (P < .0001 for each) and together produced the best separation between these groups (AUC = 0.99). ADC and T2 together produced the highest AUC of 0.83 for separating high- or intermediate-grade @entity5 from low-grade @entity5 . T1, T2, and ADC in @entity1069 (mean, 1707 msec    377, 79 msec    37, and 0.911 * 10(-3) mm(2)/sec    0.239) were significantly lower than those in NPZ (P < .0005 for each). Interreader agreement was excellent, with an intraclass correlation coefficient greater than 0.75 for both T1 and T2 measurements. Conclusion This study describes the development of a rapid MR fingerprinting- and diffusion-based examination for quantitative characterization of prostatic tissue. (  ) RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

Development of a Combined MR Fingerprinting and Diffusion Examination for XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatitis'] @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ADC in the differentiation of (a) cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors'] @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['prostate disease']
@entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']
