UNASSIGNED: The emergence of @entity2858 drug resistance mutations has mainly been linked to the duration and composition of antiretroviral treatment (ART), as well as the level of adherence. This study reports the incidence and pattern of acquired antiretroviral drug resistance mutations and long-term outcomes of ART in a prospective cohort from Northwest Ethiopia. Two hundred and twenty @entity2858 C infected treatment na  ve @entity1 were enrolled and 127 were followed-up for up to 38 months on ART. ART initiation and @entity1 ' monitoring was based on the WHO clinical and immunological parameters. @entity645 viral RNA measurement and drug resistance genotyping were done at baseline (N = 160) and after a median time of 30 (IQR, 27-38) months on ART (N = 127). Viral suppression rate ( @entity645 RNA levels  <= 400 copies/ml) after a median time of 30 months on ART was found to be 88.2% (112/127), which is in the range for @entity645 drug resistance prevention suggested by WHO. Of those 15 @entity1 with viral load >400 copies/ml, six harboured one or more drug resistant associated mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) region. Observed NRTIs resistance associated mutations were the @entity16332 -induced mutation @entity19899 (n = 4) and @entity15833 associated mutation @entity22207 (n = 1). The NNRTIs resistance associated mutations were @entity19898 (n = 2), @entity69697 , @entity69698 , @entity69699 , @entity69700 , @entity24611 and @entity24613 (n = 1 each). @entity1014 analogue mutations and major drug resistance mutations in the protease (PR) region were not detected. Most of the @entity1 (13/15) with virologic failure and accumulated drug resistance mutations had not met the WHO clinical and/or immunological failure criteria and continued the failing regimen. The incidence and pattern of acquired antiretroviral drug resistance mutations is lower and less complex than previous reports from sub Saharan Africa countries. Nevertheless, the data suggest the need for virological monitoring and resistance testing for early detection of failure. Moreover, adherence reinforcement will contribute to improving overall treatment outcomes.

Low Incidence of XXXX C Acquired Drug Resistance 10 Years after Roll-Out of Antiretroviral Therapy in Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity69697 :: ('p|SUB|V|106|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V106M'] @entity69700 :: ('p|SUB|V|90|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V90I'] @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine'] @entity69699 :: ('p|SUB|Y|188|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Y188L'] @entity24611 :: ('p|SUB|K|101|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K101E'] @entity2858 :: ('11676', 'Species') :: ['HIV-1'] @entity24613 :: ('c|SUB|G|190|A', 'DNAMutation') :: ['G190A'] @entity645 :: ('57667', 'Species') :: ['HIV'] @entity22207 :: ('p|SUB|K|65|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K65R'] @entity19898 :: ('p|SUB|K|103|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K103N'] @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['Thymidine'] @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['tenofovir'] @entity19899 :: ('p|SUB|M|184|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['M184V'] @entity69698 :: ('p|SUB|Y|181|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Y181S']
@entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']
