AIM: The aim of this work was to gather clinical data on @entity11158 ( @entity11158 )/temporomandibular joint ( @entity1348 ) disorders in a paediatric population. METHODS: The clinical study population comprised @entity1 with @entity2956 who were being treated in the orthognathic ambulatory clinic of the University of Naples, where an instrumental and clinical study was performed. Data were recorded for extra and intraoral findings, Angles classification and @entity3232 . Radiographic examinations were carried out. Study models were fabricated for evaluation. TMJs were assessed by palpation as well as masseter, temporal, suprahyoid, sternocleidomastoid, suboccipital, paravertebral and trapezius muscles to evaluate any possible @entity158 . Auscultation of the @entity1348 was used to determine presence of articular sounds and their type (cracks, crunches, clicks) by the use of a stethoscope. @entity158 localisation was evaluated according to these movements taking into account site, intensity, frequency, and duration. Episodes of @entity10 were recorded according to its intensity (mild, moderate, intense), frequency (daily, weekly, monthly), site (top of the head, occiput, temple, frontal, overorbital region, back of the head) and the duration of the episodes (in minutes, hours or whether constant). RESULTS: A substantial number of the 106 @entity1 included in the study showed a @entity3232 with prevalence in Angles Class II cases. @entity8599 , onychophagy, @entity158 , @entity10 , mouth opening partial inability, mastication difficulty and articular sound were the most representative symptoms. CONCLUSION: The identification and recognition of factors, such as @entity3232 and parafunctions, are considered fundamental to early diagnosis of @entity1348 problems, which is the most useful way to avoid a dysfunctional state of the stomatognathic system.

Distribution of XXXX , occlusal factors and oral parafunctions in a paediatric population.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ disorders'] @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusions', 'malocclusion'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'TMJ pain', 'pain'] @entity11158 :: ('MESH:D017271', 'Disease') :: ['CMD', 'craniomandibular'] @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache'] @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ'] @entity8599 :: ('MESH:D002012', 'Disease') :: ['Bruxism']
@entity11158 :: (MESH:D017271,Disease) :: ['craniomandibular disorders']
