A substantial proportion of @entity1 with @entity72 ( @entity72 ) display @entity2915 as a comorbid symptom. Exposure to @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) during pregnancy produces @entity72 -like core behavioral phenotypes as well as @entity2915 in offspring both in @entity1 and experimental animals, which makes it a plausible model to study @entity72 -related neurobiological processes. In this study, we examined the effects of two of currently available @entity71 ( @entity71 ) medications, @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) and @entity4678 (ATX) targeting @entity935 and @entity1063 transporters (DAT and NET), respectively, on hyperactive behavior of prenatally @entity2052 -exposed @entity35 offspring. In the prefrontal cortex of @entity2052 exposed @entity35 offspring, both mRNA and protein expression of DAT was increased as compared with control. @entity2052 function as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the acetylation of histone bound to DAT gene promoter was increased in @entity2052 -exposed @entity35 offspring suggesting epigenetic mechanism of DAT regulation. Similarly, the expression of NET was increased, possibly via increased histone acetylation in prefrontal cortex of @entity2052 -exposed @entity35 offspring. When we treated the @entity2052 -exposed @entity35 offspring with ATX, a NET selective inhibitor, @entity2915 was reversed to control level. In contrast, @entity7541 that inhibits both DAT and NET, did not produce inhibitory effects against @entity2915 . The results suggest that NET abnormalities may underlie the hyperactive phenotype in @entity2052 animal model of @entity72 . Profiling the pharmacological responsiveness as well as investigating underlying mechanism in multiple models of @entity72 and @entity71 may provide more insights into the neurobiological correlates regulating the @entity146 .

Effects of XXXX on hyper-locomotive activity of the prenatally valproate-exposed @entity35 offspring.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients'] @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral abnormalities'] @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine'] @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid'] @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention defecit hyperactivity disorder'] @entity7541 :: ('MESH:C041626', 'Chemical') :: ['MPH'] @entity2052 :: ('CHEBI:39867', 'Chemical') :: ['VPA'] @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder'] @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity'] @entity4678 :: ('MESH:C041930', 'Chemical') :: ['atomoxetine'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat'] @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine'] @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']
@entity4678 :: (MESH:C041930,Chemical) :: ['atomoxetine']
