OBJECTIVE: Repeated induction of @entity2224 with ensuing alterations in electroencephalogram and jugular venous @entity26 saturation is common practice during insertion of transvenous implantable cardioverters/defibrillators. We investigated whether these functional changes are also associated with @entity131 . DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : We studied 45 @entity1 undergoing implantable cardioverter/defibrillator insertion. Eleven @entity1 with cardiac pacemaker implantation, which was performed in the same manner yet without the necessity to induce @entity2224 , served as controls. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Serum @entity3508 and @entity4483 were determined before, immediately postoperatively, and 2 hrs postoperatively. In a randomly composed subgroup, @entity3508 was also determined 6 and 24 hrs after surgery. Implantable cardioverter/defibrillator @entity1 only showed an increase of both markers postoperatively. Median @entity3508 values climbed from a preoperative 9.9 to 12.3 and 14.4 microg/L at 2 and 24 hrs after surgery, respectively. This increase was associated with the number of shocks and the cumulative time in @entity1167 . The highest median @entity4483 level (0.075 microg/L) was reached 2 hrs after the procedure. @entity3508 and @entity4483 were extremely elevated (13.7 and 0.970 microg/L, respectively) in one @entity1 after an extended episode of @entity2224 . Plasma hemoglobin levels were in the normal range in implantable cardioverter/defibrillator @entity1 throughout the observation period. CONCLUSIONS: Apparently, even brief successive periods of global @entity2806 cause @entity528 without obvious severe @entity51 . However, they may be related to @entity51 that a number of implantable cardioverter/defibrillator @entity1 exhibit after implantation.

Release of @entity3508 and XXXX after implantation of cardioverters/defibrillators.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS'] @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral injury'] @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity4483 :: ('6285', 'Gene') :: ['S100'] @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['subtle postoperative neurologic or cognitive dysfunctions', 'neurologic deficits'] @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['Neuron-specific enolase', 'neuron-specific enolase'] @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation'] @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest'] @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']
@entity4483 :: (6285,Gene) :: ['S100']
