Nicotinic @entity934 receptors (AChRs) belong to a class of muscle proteins whose expression is regulated by muscle electrical activity. In innervated muscle fiber, @entity10514 genes are transcriptionally repressed outside of the synapse, while after denervation they become reexpressed throughout the fiber. The myogenic determination factors (MDFs) of the MyoD family have been shown to play a central role in this innervation-dependent regulation. In the @entity1573 @entity10514 alpha-subunit gene promoter, two E-boxes that bind MDFs are necessary to achieve the enhancement of transcription following muscle denervation. However, the deletion of promoter sequences located upstream to these E-boxes greatly impairs the response to denervation (Bessereau, J. L., Stratford- Perricaudet, L. D., Piette, J., Le Poupon, C. and Changeux, J. P. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 91, 1304-1308). Here we identified two additional cis-regulatory elements of the alpha-subunit gene promoter that cooperate with the E-boxes in the denervation response. One region binds the @entity32433 and @entity69426 zinc finger transcription factors. The second region binds at least three distinct factors, among which we identified an upstream stimulatory factor, a b-ZIP-HLH transcription factor. We propose that among @entity121 , a specific combination between myogenic and nonmyogenic factors specify innervation-dependent versus innervation-independent promoters.

Nonmyogenic factors bind nicotinic XXXX receptor promoter elements required for response to denervation.

@entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['MDF-responsive muscle promoters'] @entity10514 :: ('424940(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['AChR'] @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chicken'] @entity69426 :: ('395302(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['Sp3'] @entity32433 :: ('395303(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['Sp1'] @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']
@entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']
