OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have revealed the essential role of @entity519 -inducible factor-1alpha ( @entity1965 ), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, in cardiovascular development. We attempted to further characterize the underlying mechanisms resulting in abnormal cardiogenesis and defective angiogenesis in @entity19 deficient for @entity1965 ( @entity1965 (-/-)). METHODS: We analyzed cardiovascular development in @entity1965 (-/-) embryos at both the macroscopic and microscopic level. Gene expression was determined by RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Embryonic survival was studied using whole embryo culture. RESULTS: @entity1965 deficiency caused @entity418 bifida in some embryos, while cardiac looping was disturbed in others. These defects did not result from abnormal cardiomyocyte commitment or differentiation, but may relate to defective ventricle formation caused by reduced expression of @entity25734 ( @entity25734 ) and @entity46089 . In addition, remodeling of the aortic outflow tract and cephalic blood vessels was abnormal in @entity1965 (-/-) embryos. These @entity600 , together with the hypoplastic pharyngeal arches, are presumably induced by defective neural crest cell (NCC) migration. Impaired migration might be related to insufficient levels of @entity33591 ( @entity33591 ). @entity871 prolonged survival but only partially rescued the developmental program of cultured @entity1965 (-/-) embryos. CONCLUSION: @entity1965 is essential for proper cardiac development by modulating both neural crest migration and ventricle formation.

Cardia bifida, defective heart development and abnormal neural crest migration in embryos lacking XXXX -inducible factor-1alpha.

@entity25734 :: ('17260(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MEF2C', 'myocyte enhancer factor 2C'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity33591 :: ('20346(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['semaphorin-3A', 'Sema3A'] @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperoxia'] @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations'] @entity46089 :: ('15110(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['eHAND'] @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxia'] @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['cardia'] @entity1965 :: ('15251(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['HIF-1alpha']
@entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']
