Fowl show spontaneous elevation of blood pressure (BP) and neointimal plaque formation in the abdominal aorta at young ages. Maturation/age-dependent modulation of @entity455 and a causal relationship between elevated BP and @entity8233 formation, however, have not been clarified. We therefore intended to characterize, first, maturation/age-dependent neointimal plaque formation and @entity455 and, second, their relationship to BP elevation. The BP measured in conscious domestic fowl, @entity1573 , White Leghorn breed, @entity6475 , via an indwelling catheter inserted into the ischiadic artery, increased with maturation in males; and at plateau level, BP (mmHg) was significantly (P<0.01) higher in males (194.0+/-4.6, n=11) than in females (169.3+/-3.1, n=10). Neointimal plaques consisting of neointimal cells and abundant extracellular matrix appeared initially in the distal segment of the abdominal aorta (lesion-prone area) of chicks as early as 6 weeks old. The area (size) of neointimal plaques right above the ischiadic bifurcation increased with maturation, whereas the plaque area became smaller with some degenerative changes in adult birds. In some birds, @entity1373 and more extensive plaque formation at the branching points of the aorta were observed. The plaque area appears to be larger in birds, particularly in males that have higher BP (r=0.68). The width of aortic smooth muscle (SM) layers, measured in regions with no plaque, increased with age, whereas the number of cells per unit of area decreased, suggesting that @entity1184 of vascular SM occurs in response to exposure of the vascular wall to high BP. The number of cells was significantly (P<0.01) higher in the plaque than in underlying aortic SM layers or in layers with no plaque formation. Both neointimal plaques and underlying SM layers are immunohistochemically positive for alpha SM actin, suggesting that neointimal cells are modulated SM cells, whereas the staining with SM myosin heavy chain antibody is low in neointimal plaques. Furthermore, plasma @entity369 levels dropped in accordance with the time of neointimal plaque formation, whereas plasma @entity165 levels showed an age-dependent increase. The results suggest that spontaneous development of neointimal plaques may be a consequence of exposure to high BP and associated local hemodynamic changes.

Maturation-dependent XXXX formation in fowl aorta.

@entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions'] @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy'] @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse subendothelial hyperplasia'] @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['Gallus gallus'] @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['DeKalb strain'] @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine'] @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol'] @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']
@entity8233 :: (MESH:D058426,Disease) :: ['neointima']
