UNASSIGNED: Birds have a remarkable longevity for their body size despite an increased body temperature, higher metabolic rate, and increased blood @entity413 concentrations compared to most mammals. As the end-product of @entity17262 degradation, @entity414 (UA) is generated in the @entity3624 / @entity3625 reactions catalyzed by @entity3624 oxidoreductase (XOR). In the first study, Cobb   *   Cobb broilers (n   =   12; 4 weeks old) were separated into 2 treatments (n   =   6); control (CON) and @entity208 (AL) 35 mg/kg BW (ALLO). The purpose of this study was to assess mitochondrial function in broiler @entity1573 in response to potential oxidative stress generated from the administration of AL for 1   wk. There was a significant reduction in state 3 respiration (P   =   0.01) and state 4 respiration (P   =   0.007) in AL-treated birds compared to the controls. The purpose of the second study was to assess the effect of AL on gene expression of inflammatory cytokines interferon-y (IFN)-y, @entity17019 , @entity17021 , and IL-12p35, as well as inducible @entity842 synthase and XOR in liver tissue. Cobb   *   Cobb broilers were separated into two groups at 4   wk age (n   =   10); CON and ALLO. After 1   wk AL treatment, half of the birds in each group (CON 1 and ALLO 1) were euthanized while the remaining birds continued on AL treatment for an additional week (CON 2 and ALLO 2). A significant increase in gene expression of XOR, IFN-y, @entity17019 , and IL-12p35 in ALLO 2 birds as compared to birds in CON 2 was detected. Liver UA content was significantly decreased in both ALLO 1(P   =   0.003) and ALLO 2 (P   =   0.012) birds when compared to CON 1 and CON 2, respectively. The AL reduced liver UA concentrations and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines. Additional studies are needed to determine if AL causes a direct effect on mitochondria or if mitochondrial dysfunction observed in liver mitochondria was due indirectly through increased oxidative stress or @entity32 .

The effect of @entity208 administration on mitochondrial respiration and gene expression of @entity3624 oxidoreductase, inducible @entity842 synthase, and inflammatory cytokines in selected tissues of broiler XXXX .

@entity17021 :: ('395337(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['IL-6'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['increased inflammation'] @entity17262 :: ('D011687', 'Chemical') :: ['purine'] @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine'] @entity17019 :: ('395196(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1b'] @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine'] @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens'] @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide'] @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose'] @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']
@entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']
