The association between @entity281 and spontaneous @entity3152 is now well established and thought to be responsible for @entity600 in up to 40% of cases. @entity3152 that is due to @entity281 is refractory to the use of tocolytic agents. So the knowledge that @entity281 may be the cause is unhelpful once a @entity1 is admitted in spontaneous @entity3152 , since by that time there may be irreversible changes in the uterine cervix, which renders futile those attempts to inhibit the process. It would be much more logical to use the association between @entity281 and spontaneous @entity3152 to identify a group of @entity1 at risk and to intervene using antibiotic prophylaxis. It is important to record, that the earlier in gestation at which abnormal genital tract colonisation is detected, the greater is the risk of an adverse outcome. For example, @entity790 at 26-32 weeks gestation is associated with @entity600 with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.4 to 2, whereas @entity790 at 7-16 weeks gestation carries an OR of 5 to 7.5. Intervention studies have used different antibiotics in different dosage regimes by different routes of administration to @entity1 of differing risks at different gestational ages. Not surprisingly this has led to differing results. If intervention is to be successful, the antibiotics chosen should be active against @entity6981 or @entity6981 and should be used early in pregnancy in those @entity1 with the greatest degree of @entity790 . While there is logic in using intravaginal antibiotics to deliver a heavy antibiotic load to the vagina where heavy abnormal colonisation exists, there is also logic in considering systemic antibiotics to eradicate those organisms, which have already gained access to the decidua. It may be that the greatest chance of benefit would exist if both routes of administration were combined. Yet no study has evaluated the combination of both intravaginal and systemic antibiotics to eradicate @entity790 for the prevention of @entity600 .

Infection in the prediction and antibiotics in the prevention of spontaneous @entity3152 and XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients'] @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labour', 'Preterm labour'] @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection'] @entity6981 :: ('MESH:D016585', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial vaginosis-related organisms', 'bacterial vaginosis'] @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal genital tract flora']
@entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['preterm birth']
