BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization has recommended rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for use in the diagnosis of suspected @entity311 cases. In addition to providing quick and accurate detection of @entity3964 parasite proteins in the blood, these tests can be used as sources of DNA for further genetic studies. As @entity9230 - @entity4765 is used currently for intermittent presumptive treatment of pregnant @entity1 in both Senegal and in the Comoros Islands, resistance mutations in the dhfr and dhps genes were investigated using DNA extracted from RDTs. METHODS: The proximal portion of the nitrocellulose membrane of discarded RDTs was used for DNA extraction. This genomic DNA was amplified using HRM to genotype the molecular markers involved in resistance to @entity1484 : dhfr (51, 59, 108, and 164) and dhps (436, 437, 540, 581, and 613). Additionally, the msp1 and msp2 genes were amplified to determine the average clonality between Grande-Comore (Comoros) and Thi  s (Senegal). RESULTS: A total of 201 samples were successfully genotyped at all codons by HRM; whereas, in 200 msp1 and msp2 genes were successfully amplified and genotyped by nested PCR. A high prevalence of resistance mutations were observed in the dhfr gene at codons 51, 59, and 108 as well as in the dhps gene at codons 437 and 436. A novel mutant in dhps at codon positions 436Y/437A was observed. The dhfr @entity62681 codon and dhps K540 and dhps @entity35234 codons had 100  % wild type alleles in all samples. CONCLUSION: The utility of field-collected RDTs was validated as a source of DNA for genetic studies interrogating frequencies of drug resistance mutations, using two different molecular methods (PCR and High Resolution Melting). RDTs should not be discarded after use as they can be a valuable source of DNA for genetic and epidemiological studies in sites where filter paper or venous blood collected samples are nonexistent.

RDTs as a source of DNA to study XXXX drug resistance in isolates from Senegal and the Comoros Islands.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women'] @entity35234 :: ('c|SUB|A|581|G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A581G'] @entity1484 :: ('MESH:C001205', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine'] @entity9230 :: ('MESH:D013413', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadoxine'] @entity62681 :: ('p|SUB|I|164|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['I164L'] @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium'] @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['malaria'] @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']
@entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']
