We compared the degree of sedation and frequency and intensity of adverse behaviors in @entity235 associated with @entity5889 when combined with @entity11988 or @entity4763 compared with those of @entity11988 or @entity4763 alone. Twenty-four @entity235 (13 female, 11 male) undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy or castration were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Group NX received 0.5 mg/kg @entity5889 and 0.5 mg/kg @entity4763 subcutaneously (s.c.). Group X received 0.5 mg/kg @entity4763 s.c. Group NA received 0.5 mg/kg @entity5889 and 0.05 mg/kg @entity11988 s.c. Group A received 0.05 mg/kg @entity11988 s.c. All @entity235 received 0.01 mg/kg @entity10445 s.c. All doses were administered preoperatively. Preoperative resting measurements of heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and body weight were obtained. Sedation was scored both inside and outside a kennel prior to drug administration and at 10, 20, and 30 min after drug administration. @entity235 were assessed for behavioral responses (leg withdrawal, shivering, @entity2003 , orienting, panting, struggling, vocalization, wide-eyed facial expression, breath holding, salivating, hiding, biting, or requiring a muzzle) during three time periods: placing the @entity235 on the table, clipping and prepping of forelimb, and intravenous catheterization. Postoperative recovery behaviors were scored. Expired @entity1508 concentrations were recorded at 15, 30, and 45 min postinduction. Significant differences occurred in the level of sedation at 30 min between @entity235 receiving @entity5889 and @entity4763 or @entity4763 only compared with @entity235 receiving @entity11988 . There was a significant difference in behavioral scores with respect to leg withdrawal and orienting during clipping/prepping between @entity235 receiving @entity5889 and @entity4763 compared with @entity235 receiving @entity4763 . The combination of @entity5889 and @entity4763 is a useful premedicant which provided greater sedation than @entity11988 and reduced some @entity146 more than did @entity4763 alone. @entity5889 is an inexpensive opioid and currently is not a controlled substance in the U.S.

The sedative and behavioral effects of @entity5889 in XXXX .

@entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigidity'] @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane'] @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety behaviors'] @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['Dogs', 'dog', 'dogs'] @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine'] @entity10445 :: ('MESH:D006024', 'Chemical') :: ['glycopyrrolate'] @entity11988 :: ('MESH:D000075', 'Chemical') :: ['acepromazine'] @entity5889 :: ('MESH:D009266', 'Chemical') :: ['nalbuphine', 'Nalbuphine']
@entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']
