BACKGROUND: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) has been considered an alternative for selected @entity1 with @entity5 following neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT). Immediate total mesorectal completion for all @entity1 with unfavorable pathological features would result in unnecessary protectomies in a significant proportion of @entity1 . Instead, salvage @entity348 ( @entity348 ) could be restricted for @entity1 developing local recurrence. The aim of the present study is to determine oncological outcomes of salvage resection for local recurrences following CRT and TEM. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 undergoing TEM following neoadjuvant CRT for @entity5 were reviewed. @entity1 with "near" complete response to CRT ( <=3  cm; ycT1-2N0) were offered TEM. Salvage surgery was attempted in the event of a local recurrence. RESULTS: A total of 53 @entity1 were managed by CRT followed by TEM. Unfavorable pathological features were present in 36 @entity1 (68  %). None of the @entity1 underwent immediate completion @entity348 . There were 12 @entity1 who developed local recurrence resulting in a 2-year local recurrence-free survival of 77  % (95  % CI, 53-100  %). Of these @entity1 , 9 developed exclusively local recurrences, and all had at least 1 unfavorable pathological feature in the specimen after TEM (100  %). Eight @entity1 (8 of 9) underwent salvage resection (abdominoperineal resection [APR] in 87  %) with CRM+ in 7 of 8 @entity1 (87  %). Four @entity1 developed local re-recurrence after a median 36 months of follow-up. The 2-year local re-recurrence free survival was 60  %. CONCLUSIONS: Salvage resection for local recurrence following CRT and TEM is associated with high rates of R1 resection (CRM+) and local re-recurrence. Immediate completion of @entity348 should be considered for @entity1 with unfavorable pathological features after TEM.

Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEM) Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation for XXXX : Outcomes of Salvage Resection for Local Recurrence.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'total mesorectal excision'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']
@entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']
