Background: Treatment of @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ) remains challenging. Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of a multitarget therapy consisting of @entity1140 , @entity618 , and @entity134 compared with intravenous @entity786 and @entity134 as induction therapy for @entity1988 . Design: 24-week randomized, open-label, multicenter study (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00876616). Setting: 26 renal centers in China. @entity1 : Adults (age 18 to 65 years) with biopsy-proven @entity1988 . Intervention: @entity1140 , 4 mg/d, and @entity618 , 1.0 g/d, versus intravenous @entity786 with a starting dose of 0.75 (adjusted to 0.5 to 1.0) g/m2 body surface area every 4 weeks for 6 months. Both groups received 3 days of pulse @entity1667 followed by a tapering course of oral @entity229 therapy. Measurements: The primary end point was complete remission at 24 weeks. Secondary end points included overall response (complete and partial remission), time to overall response, and adverse events. Results: After 24 weeks of therapy, more @entity1 in the multitarget group (45.9%) than in the intravenous @entity786 group (25.6%) showed complete remission (difference, 20.3 percentage points [95% CI, 10.0 to 30.6 percentage points]; P  < 0.001). The overall response incidence was higher in the multitarget group than in the intravenous @entity786 group (83.5% vs. 63.0%; difference, 20.4 percentage points [CI, 10.3 to 30.6 percentage points]; P  < 0.001), and the median time to overall response was shorter in the multitarget group (difference, -4.1 weeks [CI, -7.9 to -2.1 weeks]). Incidence of adverse events did not differ between the multitarget and intravenous @entity786 groups (50.3% [91 of 181] vs. 52.5% [95 of 181]). Limitation: The study was limited to 24 weeks of follow-up. Conclusion: Multitarget therapy provides superior efficacy compared with intravenous @entity786 as induction therapy for @entity1988 . Primary Funding Sources: National Basic Research Program of China, National Key Technology R_D Program.

Multitarget Therapy for Induction Treatment of XXXX : A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone'] @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone'] @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide'] @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis', 'LN'] @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid'] @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil'] @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']
@entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['Lupus Nephritis']
