PURPOSE: @entity9880 is a @entity5634 composed of @entity9882 and @entity14614 and is present in skeletal muscle. Chronic oral @entity9882 supplementation can induce muscle @entity9880 loading and is therefore seen as the rate-limiting factor for @entity9880 synthesis. However, the effect of @entity14614 supplementation on @entity9880 levels in @entity1 is never established. This study aims to investigate whether 1) @entity14614 supplementation can induce muscle @entity9880 loading and 2) combined supplementation of both @entity3534 is more efficient than @entity9882 supplementation alone. METHODS: Fifteen male and 15 female @entity1 were equally divided in three groups. Each group was supplemented with either pure @entity9882 (BA) (6g/day), @entity14614 ( @entity14614 ) (3.5g/day) or both @entity3534 (BA+ @entity14614 ). Before (D0), after 12 (D12) and after 23 days (D23) of supplementation, @entity9880 content was evaluated in soleus and gastrocnemius medialis muscles by @entity1503 were collected. Muscle biopsies were taken at D0 and D23 from the vastus lateralis. Plasma and muscle metabolites ( @entity9882 , @entity3793 , @entity9880 ) were measured by HPLC. RESULTS: Both BA and BA+ @entity14614 groups showed increased @entity9880 concentrations in all investigated muscles, with no difference between these groups. In contrast, @entity9880 levels in the @entity14614 group remained unaltered. @entity3793 levels were significantly decreased in plasma (-30.6%) and muscle (-31.6%) of the BA group, while this was prevented when @entity9882 and @entity14614 were supplemented simultaneously. CONCLUSION: We confirm that @entity9882 , and not @entity14614 , is the rate-limiting precursor for @entity9880 synthesis in @entity1 skeletal muscle. Yet, although @entity14614 is not rate-limiting, its availability is not unlimited and gradually declines upon chronic @entity9882 supplementation. The significance of this decline still needs to be determined, but may affect physiological processes such as protein synthesis.

Effects of @entity3793 and XXXX Supplementation on @entity1 Muscle @entity9880 Storage.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'humans', 'human'] @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids'] @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['Histidine', 'histidine'] @entity5634 :: ('CHEBI:46761', 'Chemical') :: ['dipeptide'] @entity9882 :: ('MESH:D000861', 'Chemical') :: ['b-alanine'] @entity14614 :: ('CHEBI:15971', 'Chemical') :: ['L-histidine', 'HIS'] @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['H-MRS and venous blood samples'] @entity9880 :: ('MESH:D002336', 'Chemical') :: ['Carnosine', 'carnosine']
@entity9882 :: (MESH:D000861,Chemical) :: ['b-alanine']
