BACKGROUND: Treatment results of @entity3969 have been impressively improved over the past 50  years resulting in a stage-independent overall survival of greater than 90   %. However, unsatisfying treatment results still remain in @entity1 with high-risk @entity5 and @entity5 relapses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This review highlights the current concepts of @entity3969 surgery as a cornerstone of the treatment strategy for this @entity5 . A selective literature review focusing on the past 5  years served as the basis for this article. RESULTS: Nephron-sparing surgery is associated with an analogue outcome compared to @entity5 nephrectomy in unilateral @entity3969 . The surgical panel of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) group has recently introduced a novel nomenclature for organ-preserving resection procedures in order to facilitate a prospective comparison of data. The minimally invasive approach represents an alternative technique with adequate outcome. In bilateral disease, nephron-sparing procedures are gold standard. Complete resection of lung and liver metastases has a significant impact on @entity1 ' survival. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical guidelines for nephron-sparing surgery and minimally invasive @entity5 nephrectomy need to be established and implemented within newly formulated treatment protocols of the different national and international treatment trials. Risk stratification of @entity1 needs to be more individualized with the aim of reducing late effects while at least maintaining the same survival rates. The unsatisfying treatment results of @entity5 relapses-associated with low @entity1 numbers within the different trials-emphasize the need for international collaboration.

[Surgical concepts in the treatment of XXXX : An update].

@entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumors', 'Wilms tumor'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']
@entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms tumor']
