OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to characterize the role of CC chemokines and their receptors in @entity35 @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ), a model for @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Furthermore, we investigated the signaling pathways associated with CC receptors as well as the cell type distribution of the receptors. METHODS: Using TaqMan real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry, we defined chemokine and chemokine receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, CC chemokine receptor (CCR) protein activation during the disease course, CCR-associated signaling pathways, and immunopositive @entity25505 , phosphorylated @entity30235 (p- @entity30235 ), and p- @entity12001 cells in @entity35 @entity1753 versus control joints. RESULTS: We showed significant up-regulation of @entity25415 , @entity3037 , @entity25505 , and @entity41746 / @entity41746 mRNA in @entity1753 on post-adjuvant injection day 18, coincident with peak @entity32 . Additionally, increases in @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity25415 (days 14, 18, 21, and 24), @entity3037 (days 14 and 18), and @entity25505 (days 14, 18, and 21) were detected in @entity1753 @entity35 compared with control (nonarthritic) @entity35 . @entity35709 , @entity30235 , and @entity12001 were associated with @entity25415 and were highly @entity669 phosphorylated on days 14 and 18. Moreover, @entity3037 was associated with @entity13720 , @entity30235 , and @entity12001 on day 18. The association of @entity30235 and @entity12001 with @entity25505 on days 18 and 21 correlated with @entity35709 phosphorylation and binding on day 18. However, the activation of JNK was not associated with @entity25505 activation in @entity35 @entity1753 . Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the expression of @entity25505 , p- @entity30235 , and p- @entity12001 was detected on synovial lining cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells in arthritic @entity35 ankles on post-adjuvant injection day 18. While the majority of the @entity25505 and p- @entity30235 immunostaining was on synovial lining cells and macrophages, p- @entity12001 was predominantly expressed on endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: @entity25415 , @entity3037 , and @entity25505 mRNA expression and @entity669 phosphorylation increased with peak @entity32 in the @entity1753 model. @entity25415 , @entity3037 , and @entity25505 @entity669 phosphorylation are associated with the JAK/ @entity30235 / @entity12001 pathway at different stages of @entity35 @entity1753 , as well as with macrophage and endothelial cell infiltration. However, their signaling activation overlaps with peak @entity32 . Up-regulation and activation of CCRs may play a role in macrophage and endothelial cell infiltration in @entity35 @entity1753 joints in addition to activating the associated signaling pathways. The downstream intermediate signaling proteins associated with CC receptors may be used as potential tools to control @entity32 in @entity309 .

Chemokine receptor expression and in vivo signaling pathways in the joints of XXXX with @entity1753 .

@entity25505 :: ('117029(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CCR5'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity3037 :: ('60463(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CCR2'] @entity25415 :: ('57301(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CCR1'] @entity12001 :: ('25125(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['STAT-3'] @entity35709 :: ('84598(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['JAK-1'] @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['AIA', 'adjuvant-induced arthritis'] @entity30235 :: ('25124(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['signal transducer and activator of transcription 1', 'STAT-1'] @entity13720 :: ('24514(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['JAK-2'] @entity41746 :: ('116637(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CCL4', 'macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'rats'] @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine'] @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']
