The optimal treatment of @entity1 with @entity263 remains controversial. Significant clinical data are available, however, demonstrating that @entity1 treated with radiation therapy (RT) have a significantly better outcome as the dose to the gland is increased. What remains debatable, however, is how to best deliver these higher doses of RT without significantly increasing normal tissue @entity137 . Conformal high dose rate brachytherapy (C-HDR BT) represents an alternative means of precise dose delivery that offers similar tumoricidal effects as three-dimensional (3D) conformal external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or permanent interstitial prostate seed implants with potential additional advantages. Since C-HDR BT consists of temporarily placing afterloading needles or catheters directly into the prostate gland under real-time ultrasound guidance, a steep dose gradient between the prostate and adjacent normal tissues can be generated that is minimally affected by organ motion and @entity4 or treatment setup uncertainties. The ability to control the amount of time the single HDR radioactive source "dwells" at each position along the length of each brachytherapy catheter further enhances the conformity of the dose. In addition, recent radiobiological data on @entity263 treatment suggest that C-HDR BT should produce @entity5 control and late normal tissue side effects that are at least as good as achieved with conventional fractionation, with the additional possibility that acute side effects might be reduced. Published data from several groups performing C-HDR BT as boosts in @entity1 with locally advanced disease have supported these assumptions. Combined with the physical advantages discussed above, C-HDR BT should provide similar @entity5 control as 3D conformal EBRT with the added advantages of reduced treatment times, less acute @entity137 , and no additional technological requirements to account and correct for treatment setup uncertainties and organ motion. Due to the success of C-HDR BT as boost treatment in locally advanced disease, this form of radiation treatment has recently been applied to low-risk @entity263 @entity1 as an alternative brachytherapy technique to permanent interstitial seed implantation. Advantages in this setting include an improved ability to define and deliver the prescribed dose, a significantly shortened treatment schedule compared to 3D conformal EBRT, and the fact that @entity1 are not radioactive after implantation.

High dose rate brachytherapy in the treatment of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities'] @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema']
@entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']
