OBJECTIVES: With the emergence of @entity1169 as the primary treatment for @entity2695 the indications for surgical intervention have been greatly reduced. There remains a role for surgical management in those @entity1 who fail medical therapy, particularly for @entity2695 involving the airway. Detailed is our experience with @entity2695 , including three @entity1 who failed @entity1169 treatment and were successfully treated with surgical excision and single stage laryngotracheoplasty (LTP) with thyroid ala graft. METHODS: Retrospective case series (level of evidence: 4). RESULTS: Six @entity1 were treated with @entity1169 for @entity2695 over a 6 year period (2008-2014). Three @entity1 responded to @entity1169 therapy and required no adjunctive surgical procedures. Three @entity1 failed @entity1169 treatment, and required open resection of their @entity2695 and thyroid ala graft placement. Indications for resection were complete lack of response to @entity1169 in one @entity1 , and initial response to @entity1169 with subsequent regrowth in the other two @entity1 . All three @entity1 were treated with submucosal extirpation of their @entity2695 and single stage LTP; @entity2695 was confirmed in all cases by positive @entity1365 staining. All three surgical @entity1 were successfully extubated post-operatively and none had @entity2695 regrowth. CONCLUSIONS: Fifty percent of @entity1 in our series did not have long-term response to @entity1169 for @entity2695 , highlighting the importance of close follow-up. When identified early, @entity2695 refractory to @entity1169 treatment can be successfully addressed with single stage LTP and tracheotomy can be avoided.

Open airway surgery for XXXX in the era of @entity1169 : Is it still indicated?

@entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity1365 :: ('6513', 'Gene') :: ['GLUT-1'] @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic hemangiomas', 'hemangioma', 'hemangiomas', 'subglottic hemangioma']
@entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['subglottic hemangioma']
