UNASSIGNED: The increasing incidence in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) during the last decades in industrialized countries might be linked to a change in dietary habits. Nowadays, enhanced salt content is an important characteristic of Western diet and increased dietary salt ( @entity4202 ) intake promotes pathogenic T cell responses contributing to central nervous system (CNS) @entity792 . Given the importance of macrophage responses for @entity6220 propagation, we addressed the influence of salt consumption on macrophage responses in CNS @entity792 . We observed that EAE-diseased @entity19 receiving a @entity4202 -high diet showed strongly enhanced macrophage infiltration and activation within the CNS accompanied by disease aggravation during the effector phase of EAE. @entity4202 treatment of macrophages elicited a strong pro-inflammatory phenotype characterized by enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, increased expression of immune-stimulatory molecules, and an antigen-independent boost of T cell proliferation. This @entity4202 -induced pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype was accompanied by increased activation of NF-kB and MAPK signaling pathways. The pathogenic relevance of @entity4202 -conditioned macrophages is illustrated by the finding that transfer into EAE-diseased animals resulted in significant disease aggravation compared to untreated macrophages. Importantly, also in @entity1 monocytes, @entity4202 promoted a pro-inflammatory phenotype that enhanced @entity1 T cell proliferation. Taken together, high dietary salt intake promotes pro-inflammatory macrophages that aggravate CNS @entity792 . Together with other studies, these results underline the need to further determine the relevance of increased dietary salt intake for @entity15 disease severity.

Sodium chloride promotes pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization thereby aggravating CNS XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disease'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis'] @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity'] @entity4202 :: ('D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['NaCl']
@entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']
