The role of the autonomic innervation of the upper urinary tract for pyeloureteral motility is not completely understood. It is still debatable if the autonomic nervous system might play a modulating role on the ureteral peristalsis. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and regional variation of the intramural innervation using whole-mount preparations of the @entity95 upper urinary tract. Whole-mount preparation was performed at upper urinary tracts of healthy @entity95 . Immunohistochemistry was employed using Neurofilament (NF), @entity669 Hydroxylase (TH), @entity1877 Acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ) and Substance P (SP) antibodies. @entity1110 -diaphorase and @entity8474 ( @entity8474 ) histochemistry was carried out at the specimens. The stains were evaluated using brightfield, fluorescence and laser confocal microscopy. NF-, TH-, @entity4268 - and SP-immunoreactive (-IR) nerves formed distinct neuronal plexuses at the submucosal and muscle layers. Perivascular TH-, @entity4268 - and SP-IR fibres were demonstrated. @entity8474 positive nerves were revealed in all layers, but only moderate @entity1110 -diaphorase positive innervation was found. @entity8 , upper and lower ureter showed enriched intrinsic innervation. Ganglia were found at the ureteropelvic border and the distal ureter. Whole-mount preparation technique revealed detailed informations about morphology and regional variation of the intramural innervation of the @entity95 upper urinary tract.

The intramural innervation of the XXXX upper urinary tract.

@entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal pelvis'] @entity4268 :: ('8063', 'Species') :: ['ChAT'] @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit'] @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['NADPH'] @entity1877 :: ('MESH:D002794', 'Chemical') :: ['Choline'] @entity8474 :: ('100009390(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['Acetylcholinesterase', 'AChE'] @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine']
@entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']
