Studies of captive animals have suggested that @entity6100 affects subdominants, whereas recent data from the wild have revealed that stress mainly affects dominants. We used a non-invasive approach to investigate, for the first time in a social bird, the circannual stress-dominance relationships between low-ranking single males, intermediately positioned paired ganders without offspring and high-ranking paired males with offspring from a flock of semi-tame, free-ranging greylag geese, @entity15055 . We collected 933 faecal samples from 43 individuals, 12 singletons, 18 paired males without offspring and 13 paired males with offspring over an entire year and analysed them for @entity2819 metabolites by enzyme immunoassay. During the mating season (February-April), singletons had marginally higher @entity2819 than paired males (P<0.1), whereas during the parental season (May-January), the paired males with offspring had significantly higher @entity2819 than both paired males without offspring and singletons. All three male categories had significantly higher @entity2819 during the mating season than during the rest of the year. These results suggest that @entity6100 in ganders is caused mainly by competition between males and by constrained access to females during the mating season, but by parental commitment during the rest of the year. We suggest that dominance per se may not be a direct cause of stress. Rather, the amount of @entity6100 may co-vary with the behavioural investment individuals need to make to optimize their fitness and with the relationship between such demands and the individuals' rank positions. This relationship seems to be seasonal in geese. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

The relationship between XXXX and dominance is seasonal in greylag geese

@entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone'] @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['social stress'] @entity15055 :: ('8843', 'Species') :: ['Anser anser']
@entity6100 :: (OMIM:300082,Disease) :: ['social stress']
