PURPOSE: Retrograde ureteral stenting is often considered the first line option for relieving @entity1695 when temporary drainage is indicated. Several retrospective studies have implied that in cases of @entity3885 retrograde ureteral stenting may fail and, therefore, percutaneous @entity5173 is required. We examined the efficacy of retrograde ureteral stenting for resolving @entity1695 and identified clinical and radiological parameters predicting failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Enrolled in our prospective study were 92 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1695 , which was bilateral in 8. Retrograde ureteral stenting was attempted in all cases by the urologist on call. When stent insertion failed, drainage was achieved by percutaneous nephrostomy. @entity1 were followed at 3-week intervals for 3 months. Each followup visit included a medical interview, blood evaluation, urine culture and ultrasound. Stent malfunction was defined as continuous @entity812 manifesting as recurrent episodes of acute renal colic, 1 or more episodes of @entity2885 , persistent @entity3041 or elevated @entity1011 . Preoperative data and outcomes were compared in cases of @entity3885 . Univariate and multivariate analysis was done to identify predictors of the failure of ureteral stent insertion and long-term function. RESULTS: The etiology of obstruction was intrinsic in 61% of @entity1 and extrinsic in 39%. @entity3885 , which was associated with a greater degree of @entity3041 , was located more distal. Retrograde ureteral stenting was successful in 94% and 73% of @entity1 with @entity3885 , respectively. At the 3-month followup stent function was maintained in all @entity1 with @entity3885 but in only 56.4% with @entity3885 . On multivariate logistic regression the type of obstruction, level of obstruction and degree of @entity3041 were the only predictors of stent function at 3 months. Stent diameter and preoperative @entity1011 had no predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: Retrograde ureteral stenting is a good solution for most acutely obstructed ureters. In @entity1 with @entity1695 a more distal level of obstruction and higher degree of @entity3041 are associated with a greater likelihood of stent failure. These @entity1 may be better served by percutaneous drainage.

Predicting the success of retrograde stenting for managing XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction', 'extrinsic ureteral obstruction'] @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain'] @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic and extrinsic obstruction', 'Extrinsic obstruction', 'extrinsic obstruction', 'intrinsic obstruction'] @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis'] @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['nephrostomy drainage'] @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine'] @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']
@entity1695 :: (MESH:D014517,Disease) :: ['ureteral obstruction']
