@entity15523 ( @entity11559 ), a widely used plasticizer suspected of having estrogenic properties, was investigated for its effects on the prenatal and early neonatal development of the reproductive tract. Pregnant @entity1050 @entity35 (n = 10) were given @entity11559 at 0, 250, 500, or 750 mg/kg/day (p.o.) throughout pregnancy and lactation until their offspring were at postnatal day 20. Maternal body weights throughout the dosing period were comparable in all groups. At 750 mg/kg/day, the number of live pups per litter at birth was decreased and maternal effects on pregnancy and postimplantation loss are likely to have occurred. Anogenital distance was decreased at birth in the male offspring at 500 and 750 mg/kg/day. The epididymis was absent or underdeveloped in 9, 50, and 71% of adult offspring (100 days old) at 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg/day, respectively, and was associated with @entity194 and widespread germ cell loss. @entity2650 occurred in 3, 21, and 43% of males and ectopic or absent testes in 3, 6, and 29% of males at 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg/day, respectively. @entity15023 as well as small testes and seminal vesicles were noted at 500 and 750 mg/kg/day. Vaginal opening and estrous cyclicity, both @entity172 -dependent events, were not affected in the female offspring, although low incidences of reproductive tract malformations were observed at 500 and 750 mg/kg/day. In the male offspring, @entity11559 produced the same spectrum of effects elicited by the antiandrogen @entity12194 . Thus, @entity11559 specifically impaired the @entity342 -dependent development of the male reproductive tract, suggesting that @entity11559 is not estrogenic but antiandrogenic in the @entity35 at these high dose levels. For @entity1 risk assessment, determining if this @entity137 is metabolite-mediated will be critical, since marked species differences in metabolism exist.

Male reproductive tract malformations in @entity35 following gestational and lactational exposure to XXXX : an antiandrogenic mechanism?

@entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen'] @entity11559 :: ('CHEBI:35861', 'Chemical') :: ['DBP'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity'] @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['Hypospadias'] @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['flutamide'] @entity1050 :: ('MESH:D006223', 'Disease') :: ['CD'] @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['testicular atrophy'] @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen'] @entity15023 :: ('MESH:C537244', 'Disease') :: ['Absence of prostate gland and seminal vesicles'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'rats'] @entity15523 :: ('MESH:D003993', 'Chemical') :: ['Di(n-butyl) phthalate']
@entity15523 :: (MESH:D003993,Chemical) :: ['Di(n-butyl) phthalate']
