@entity8823 and extraesophageal manifestations of @entity354 have been recognized to have dramatic effects in the upper airways. @entity1 -reported symptoms alone underestimate the presence of LPR, making accurate clinical diagnosis difficult. Many previous studies examine populations with only standard dual-probe pH testing that does not include a test probe in the pharynx. Therefore, documentation of acid exposure at the laryngeal inlet is lacking. In adult @entity1 with @entity5142 ( @entity5142 ), whether due to @entity738 or presumed idiopathic causes, LPR is often a contributing or causative factor. A retrospective chart review from 1991 to 1999 identified 19 @entity1 with @entity5142 . Ten of the 19 @entity1 had @entity66 states, including @entity370 (3), @entity2883 (3), @entity13587 (3), and a history of intubation (1). Fourteen @entity1 underwent 24-hour ambulatory pH probe testing with 3- or 4-port probes. The proximal port in either catheter was positioned by manometric guidance directly behind the laryngeal inlet. Measurements of pH of less than 4 were recorded at the level of the larynx in 12 of the 14 @entity1 tested (86%). This finding was noted in half of the @entity1 despite empirical therapy with proton pump inhibitors at the time of the testing. Seven of 10 @entity1 with underlying disease were studied, and all demonstrated acid reflux in the hypopharynx. In 9 @entity1 , the @entity850 was presumed to be idiopathic. Five of the 7 @entity1 (71%) with idiopathic @entity5142 tested had positive pH probe studies (pH below 4 in the pharyngeal probe). Our results demonstrate a strong association of LPR and @entity5142 . In the idiopathic group, reflux is the probable cause of their @entity850 . In the group of @entity1 with underlying disease states, reflux was involved in all tested @entity1 and likely acts as a synergistic factor that stimulates their @entity738 to react and subsequently result in the development of @entity850 . Evaluation for LPR with pharyngeal pH testing should be performed in all @entity1 with @entity5142 .

Association of @entity8823 and XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient'] @entity13587 :: ('MESH:D061224', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal trauma'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant disease'] @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous disease'] @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis'] @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis'] @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux'] @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic stenosis', 'SGS'] @entity8823 :: ('MESH:D057045', 'Disease') :: ['Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease'] @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]
@entity5142 :: (MESH:D007829,Disease) :: ['subglottic stenosis']
