NEW FINDINGS: What is the topic of this review? This review is principally concerned with results from studies of the pulmonary vasculature in @entity1 , particularly in relation to @entity519 and @entity395 that affect @entity26 sensing. What advances does it highlight? This review highlights the degree to which the @entity519 ( @entity519 ) transcription system influences @entity1 @entity358 to @entity519 . Upregulation of the @entity519 pathway augments @entity519 pulmonary vasoconstriction, while alterations to the pathway found in Tibetans are associated with suppression of the progressive @entity101 with sustained @entity519 . It also highlights the potential importance of @entity68 , which modulates the @entity519 pathway, in modifying the pulmonary vascular response to @entity519 . The @entity1 pulmonary circulation loses its natural distensibility during sustained @entity519 , leading to @entity120 and a much higher workload for the right ventricle. The @entity519 ( @entity519 ) pathway is implicated in this pulmonary vascular response to continued @entity519 by animal studies, and additionally, by rare @entity1 diseases where the pathway is upregulated. However, there are no known @entity1 genetic diseases downregulating @entity519 . Tibetans, though, demonstrate blunted @entity358 to sustained @entity519 . This seems to be accounted for by an altered @entity519 pathway as a consequence of natural selection over a period of many thousands of years lived at high altitude. In addition to genetic differences, @entity68 is another important modulator of @entity519 pathway function. Experimental work in @entity1 demonstrates that manipulation of @entity68 stores can influence the behaviour of the pulmonary circulation during @entity519 , in ways analogous to that seen in Tibetans and @entity1 with @entity395 that affect @entity26 sensing. The importance of physiological differences in @entity68 bioavailability in modulating @entity519 pulmonary vasoconstriction in health and disease is yet to be established.

The pulmonary vasculature--lessons from Tibetans and from @entity395 of XXXX sensing.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in pulmonary artery pressure'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension'] @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxia-inducible factor', 'hypoxic', 'HIF', 'hypoxia'] @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular responses'] @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare diseases'] @entity68 :: ('MESH:D007501', 'Chemical') :: ['iron']
@entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']
