BACKGROUND: Childhood @entity378 ( @entity378 ) is a public health concern causing considerable mortality. However, control of childhood @entity378 receives little attention. The control efforts could be inadequate because of challenges associated with difficulties in diagnosing the disease in @entity1 . Understanding the burden of the disease among @entity1 is important to assess the ongoing transmission of the disease in a community and improving @entity378 control efforts. This study was carried out to assess @entity378 case notification rates (CNRs) and treatment outcomes in @entity1 aged less than 15  years over a ten-year period. METHODS: Data were collected from unit @entity378 registers from all health facilities providing @entity378 treatment in the Sidama Zone in Ethiopia. We analysed the CNRs and treatment outcomes by age category, gender, and place of residence. We used logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with treatment outcomes and to control for confounding. RESULTS: A total of 4,656 cases of @entity1 less than 15  years of age were notified as diagnosed and treated for @entity378 , constituting 13  % of all notified @entity378 cases in the study area. The mean CNRs per 100,000 @entity1 less than 15  years were 30 for all new cases of @entity378 , 28 for rural cases, 67 for urban cases, 28 in @entity1 , and 32 in @entity1 . The proportions of treatment success were 82  % for new and 77  % for retreatment cases for the entire study period and increased to 93  % for new cases in 2012 (X(2) trend, P   <   0.001). @entity1 less than five years old had a lower treatment success [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.64 (95  % CI, 0.52-0.80)] and higher @entity204 [AOR 2 (95  % CI, 1.27-3.12)]. The proportion of @entity1 who died during treatment among @entity1 in the less than 2-year-old age group was three times higher than @entity1 in the 2  year and above age groups [AOR 3.34 (95  % CI, 1.92-5.82)]. CONCLUSION: The CNRs of childhood @entity378 were low in Sidama. @entity1 less than 5  years old had a higher proportion of @entity204 . Efforts need to be made to improve the diagnosis and treatment of @entity378 among @entity1 .

Low case notification rates of childhood XXXX in southern Ethiopia.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys'] @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths']
@entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']
