BACKGROUND: Recently, in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), standard chemotherapy was flanked by biological agents directed against genomic abnormalities, including @entity470 and @entity7041 alterations, that significantly improved @entity1 outcome. Despite these achievements, @entity5 progression almost always occurs and a reassessment of the @entity5 genetic profile may contribute to modulating the therapeutic regimen. Resampling may provide tissue for additional tests to detect acquired resistance and/or new genetic alterations, but the currently available information is limited. @entity1 AND METHODS: Histological and genetic reassessments of biopsy or surgical tissue samples from 50 non-squamous @entity1149 @entity1 before and after at least one systemic treatment were performed. @entity470 , @entity984 , @entity817 , @entity10160 and @entity1722 mutations were sequenced, @entity9513 was identified with real-time PCR, and @entity7041 and MET genomic alterations by fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Overall in baseline biopsies, 37/50 (74  %) @entity5 had genetic alterations, either single (52  %) or multiple (22  %). Among them, 16 were @entity470 mutations and 6 @entity7041 rearrangements. In the second tissue sampling, 54  % of cases had additional genomic changes, including newly acquired alterations (81  %) or losses (18  %). The commonest changes were MET amplification and @entity9513 mutation. One case had a histological shift from @entity4153 . CONCLUSIONS: The remarkable number of molecular changes following systemic therapy and the genetic complexity of some cases underline the value of histological and molecular re-evaluation of @entity2 to tailor the most appropriate therapy during disease progression.

Molecular and Histological Changes in Post-Treatment Biopsies of Non-Squamous XXXX : A Retrospective Study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS'] @entity7041 :: ('238', 'Gene') :: ['ALK'] @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma to small cell carcinoma'] @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour'] @entity984 :: ('3845', 'Gene') :: ['KRAS'] @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer'] @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer'] @entity9513 :: ('p|SUB|T|790|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.T790M'] @entity817 :: ('673', 'Gene') :: ['BRAF'] @entity10160 :: ('5290', 'Gene') :: ['PIK3CA'] @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['HER2']
@entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']
