BACKGROUND: The hypnotic @entity2492 and the hormone @entity2493 were evaluated and directly compared for their effects on performance when subjects sleeping under their influence were prematurely awakened from @entity25 . METHOD: Non-sleep deprived volunteers (eight @entity1 and five @entity1 ) received single oral doses of 5 or 10 mg @entity2493 (Mel-5; Mel-10), 10 or 20 mg @entity2492 ( @entity5921 -10; @entity5921 -20), or placebo immediately before retiring at 13:00. Performance testing and subjective evaluations occurred prior to dosing and following forced awakening at 15:00, 2 h after dosing. RESULTS: Compared with placebo, on being awakened under @entity5921 -20, significant performance decrements were prevalent on 9 of 10 cognitive tasks, including grammatical reasoning, mathematical processing, and word memory. Recovery required up to 6 h post-awakening for the more complex tasks. @entity393 and @entity390 were also present on awakening under @entity5921 -20. On being awakened under @entity5921 -10, significant but relatively less severe and shorter duration performance decrements occurred for 4 of the 10 tasks and recovered by 4 h post-awakening. Under Mel-5 or Mel-10, performance decrements seldom occurred and were considerably less severe, briefer, and less systematic than for @entity2492 . CONCLUSION: Findings indicated that when operational personnel sleeping with the aid of either 10 or 20 mg @entity2492 are prematurely awakened, it would be prudent to evaluate their general well-being and possible need for assistance prior to their being permitted to depart crew-rest or to perform tasks and duties. In contrast, we found little to no evidence of deteriorated well-being or need for assistance when awakened while sleeping under the influence of @entity2493 .

Cognitive performance following premature awakening from @entity2492 or XXXX induced @entity25 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'men'] @entity5921 :: ('CHEBI:46557', 'Chemical') :: ['Zol'] @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['nausea'] @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin'] @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Loss of coordination'] @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleep'] @entity2492 :: ('MESH:C049109', 'Chemical') :: ['zolpidem']
@entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']
