UNASSIGNED: Perineural growth is a unique route of @entity5 @entity3 that is associated with poor prognosis in several solid @entity5 . It is diagnosed by the presence of @entity5 cells inside the neural space seen on histological or imaging evaluations. Little is known about molecular mechanisms involved in the growth and spread of @entity5 cells in neural spaces. The poor prognosis associated with perineural growth and lack of targeted approaches necessitates the study of molecular factors involved in communication between @entity5 and neural cells. Perineural growth rates, shown to be as high as 63% in @entity213 ( @entity213 ), correlate with increased local recurrence and decreased disease-free survival. Here we describe the literature on perineural growth in @entity213 . In addition, we discuss factors implicated in perineural growth of @entity5 . These factors include brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 and -4, glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), substance @entity10133 ), and chemokines. We also explore the literature on membrane receptors, including the Trk family and the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor. This review highlights areas for further study of the mechanisms of perineural invasion which may facilitate the identification of therapeutic targets in @entity213 .

Perineural growth in XXXX : A review.

@entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies'] @entity10133 :: ('2155', 'Species') :: ['P (SP'] @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']
@entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']
