UNASSIGNED: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulatory molecules implicated in fundamental cell processes. Recent investigations have been focused to investigate their diagnostic potential also in various body fluids. Plasma and serum are widely used for these purposes. Urinary miRNAs, as the easily available type of sample, have been explored particularly in @entity5450 recently. However, we have shown previously that differential expression of urinary cell-free miRNAs may be observed also in gynaecological @entity5 , such as @entity43 . In the present article, we focus on the differences in particular urine cell-free miRNA abundance among different samples including particularly @entity43 and rare gynaecological diagnoses involved in the study. Using raw abundance miRNA expression data, we confirmed significant up-regulation of miR-92a in @entity43 , and significant down-regulation of @entity22029 in @entity1204 . As @entity10017 appeared up-regulated in the @entity1204 similarly as in the verification process, where also @entity22029 resulted in significant down-regulation in @entity43 , these miRNAs may be good candidates for further evaluation as novel diagnostics. To find out why supernatant but not exosomal urine miRNAs fraction resulted in significant results in regards to de-regulation of expression, we performed a  comparison of the same urine samples isolated by these two manners. We show that diagnostic potential of cell-free urinary miRNAs may depend on the urine fraction used for the isolation. While particular urinary miRNAs may be enriched, other may reveal unchanged or diminished expression in the exosomal fraction in comparison with supernatant fraction, giving differences also between @entity5 and control samples. More research will be needed to further explore which kind of cell-free samples would give better results for diagnostic purposes in various diagnoses using urinary samples and investigating cell-free miRNAs expression. Meanwhile, different urine fractions should be explored for their miRNA expression to establish novel diagnostic urinary miRNA markers.

Supernatant versus exosomal urinary microRNAs. Two fractions with different outcomes in gynaecological XXXX .

@entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'ovarian and endometrial cancers'] @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial cancers'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer'] @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urological diseases'] @entity10017 :: ('406991', 'Gene') :: ['miR-21'] @entity22029 :: ('406900', 'Gene') :: ['miR-106b']
@entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']
