Asphalt fumes have been reported to produce nasal irritation in road workers. Since inhaled irritants can increase substance @entity10133 ) production in airway neurons, the effects of asphalt fumes on SP production in @entity21 ( @entity21 ) sensory neurons innervating the nasal mucosa were investigated. The effects of asphalt fumes on nasal mucosal innervation were examined by measuring SP and @entity4655 ( @entity4655 ) levels in @entity35 @entity21 neurons projecting to the nasal epithelium. Female @entity35 were exposed to asphalt fumes at 16.0 +/- 8.1mg /m3 for 5 consecutive days, 3.5 h/d. Inflammatory cells were measured in nasal cavity lavage fluid. SP and @entity4655 immunoreactivity (IR) was measured in the cell bodies of trigeminal ganglion sensory neurons projecting to the nasal cavity. A significant increase in neutrophils and macrophages was observed after asphalt fume exposure indicating an inflammatory response in the nasal cavity. The percentage of SP-IR neurons increased significantly in the asphalt-exposed @entity35 , and the proportion of @entity4655 -IR neurons was also elevated following asphalt exposure. These results indicate that exposure to asphalt fumes produces @entity32 and increases the levels of SP and @entity4655 in @entity21 neurons projecting to the nasal epithelium. The findings are consistent with asphalt-induced activation of sensory C-fibers in the nasal cavity. Enhanced sensory @entity11095 release from nerve terminals in the nasal cavity may produce @entity13624 associated with nasal irritation following exposure to asphalt fumes.

Asphalt exposure enhances XXXX levels in sensory neurons projecting to the @entity35 nasal epithelium.

@entity11095 :: ('379044(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['neuropeptide'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity10133 :: ('2155', 'Species') :: ['P (SP'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats'] @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['TG', 'trigeminal ganglia'] @entity4655 :: ('24241(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['calcitonin-gene-related peptide', 'CGRP'] @entity13624 :: ('MESH:D020078', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic inflammation']
@entity11095 :: (379044(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['neuropeptide']
