BACKGROUND: Current studies reporting on the risk of smoking and development of symptomatic @entity66 have reported conflicting results. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between smoking and symptomatic @entity66 . DESIGN: This is a cohort study SETTINGS:: Information was derived from the Swedish Construction Workers Cohort 1971-1993. @entity1 : @entity1 were selected from construction workers in Sweden. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measured was the development of symptomatic @entity66 and @entity66 ( @entity733 and perforation) as identified in the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register. Adjusted relative risks of symptomatic @entity66 according to smoking status were estimated by using negative binomial regression analysis. RESULTS: In total, the study included 232,685 @entity1 and 14,592 @entity1 . During follow-up, 3891 @entity1 and 318 @entity1 had a diagnosis of later symptomatic @entity66 . In @entity1 , heavy smokers (>= 15 cigarettes a day) had a 1.6-fold increased risk of developing symptomatic @entity66 compared with nonsmokers (adjusted relative risk, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.42-1.72). There was evidence of a dose-response relationship, because moderate and ex-smokers had a 1.4- and 1.2-fold increased risk compared with nonsmokers (adjusted relative risk, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.27-1.52 and adjusted relative risk, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04-1.27). These relationships were similar in @entity1 , but the risk estimates were less precise owing to smaller numbers. Male ever-smokers had a 2.7-fold increased risk of developing @entity66 (perforation/ @entity733 ) compared with nonsmokers (adjusted relative risks, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.69-4.41). LIMITATIONS: We were unable to account for other confounding variables such as comorbidity, prescription medication, or lifestyle factors. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is associated with symptomatic @entity66 in both @entity1 and @entity1 and with an increased risk of developing @entity66 .

Smoking and the Risk of Hospitalization for Symptomatic XXXX : A Population-Based Cohort Study from Sweden.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men'] @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscess'] @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complicated diverticular disease', 'diverticular disease']
@entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Diverticular Disease']
