INTRODUCTION: Over 27,000 circumcisions were performed in England in 2012-13. The complication rate is generally perceived to be low, although published figures vary widely. @entity18419 , more correctly termed @entity3854 ( @entity8433 ), is one of the commonest indications for medical circumcision. To test the hypothesis that @entity1 undergoing circumcision for @entity8433 have a higher rate of @entity86 than those undergoing the procedure for other reasons, we retrospectively reviewed records for @entity1 undergoing circumcision. METHODS: The disease and procedure coding system was used to identify @entity1 who underwent circumcision (ICD10 code N303) between 2000-2010. Cases with a diagnosis unrelated to circumcision and @entity1 circumcised during @entity2650 repair were excluded. Bleeding which required return to theatre for surgical arrest was considered significant. Cases were identified by review of medical records if there was: a second procedure during the same admission, or readmission coded for circumcision within 2 weeks. Only cases with histologically confirmed @entity8433 were included in the @entity8433 cohort. GraphPad online calculator was used for statistical analysis (two tailed @entity16043 's exact test. RESULTS: 2385 @entity1 with a median age of 4 years (range 0-16) were included in the study. Indication for circumcision included religious (1305, 54.7%), @entity5372 or redundant prepuce (512, 21.5%), suspected @entity8433 (366, 15.4%) and balanoposthitis (202, 8.5%). @entity8433 was histologically confirmed in 262 (10.9%) @entity1 . Fourteen (0.6%) @entity1 returned to theatre for surgical arrest of @entity548 following circumcision; 6 had @entity8433 and 8 did not (Table 1). The @entity548 rate was higher in those with @entity8433 (2.3%) than in those without (0.3%), P  =  0.0003 with a relative risk of 6.08. CONCLUSION: Post-operative complications are distressing, especially if further surgery is required. Published figures for complications following circumcision vary widely making counseling regarding risk difficult. Since @entity8433 includes an inflammatory element and circumcision in widespread @entity8433 can be challenging, the observation of more @entity548 in @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity8433 during a previous audit prompted the hypothesis that this may be a significant finding. Thus we reviewed all @entity1 requiring return to theatre within 2 weeks of circumcision, finding that whilst the overall @entity548 rate was low, circumcision for @entity8433 significantly increased the risk. Although factors such as the severity of @entity8433 and surgical technique were not assessed, this is still a notable finding which should be reflected during pre-operative counseling.

Bleeding after circumcision is more likely in @entity1 with XXXX ( @entity18419 ).

@entity3854 :: ('MESH:D018459', 'Disease') :: ['Lichen Sclerosus et atrophicus'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys'] @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias'] @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative bleeding', 'bleeding'] @entity18419 :: ('MESH:D052798', 'Disease') :: ['Balanitis xerotica obliterans'] @entity8433 :: ('MESH:D007888', 'Disease') :: ['LS'] @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding'] @entity16043 :: ('76720', 'Species') :: ['Fisher'] @entity5372 :: ('MESH:D010688', 'Disease') :: ['phimosis']
@entity3854 :: (MESH:D018459,Disease) :: ['lichen sclerosus']
