BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that female gender is associated with a lower prevalence and a more benign prognosis of @entity712 . In the current population-based study, it was our objective to evaluate the implications of gender on the association between impaired left ventricular (LV) function and mass as well as neurohumoral activation. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 1883 subjects (992 female, 891 male) of two MONICA surveys in Augsburg, Germany, were analyzed. @entity1 of one of these surveys were additionally characterized with respect to neurohormonal activation. As compared to @entity1 , @entity1 were characterized by a slightly higher LV @entity9568 ( @entity9568 , Teichholz-Method, 65.4 +/- 0.3% vs. 63.4 +/- 0.3, P<0.01) and a markedly lower LV mass index (LVMI 81 +/- 1 g/m(2) vs. 96 +/- 1, P<0.01). As compared to @entity1 with normal LV function, those with @entity1002 ( @entity9568 below mean minus two standard deviations, S.D.) were characterized by significantly increased LV mass (LVMI +48%, P<0.01), plasma @entity3876 (+373%, P<0.01) and ANP (+57%, P<0.01), while no significant changes were observed in @entity1 (LVMI +3%, @entity3876 +48%, ANP +27%, all P=n.s). Only a small subgroup of @entity1 with severe LVD ( @entity9568 below mean - 3 S.D.) was characterized by significantly increased LV mass (LVMI +23%, P<0.05 vs. control and LVD), however, this increase was less pronounced as compared to @entity1 with severe LVD (LVMI +46%, P<0.01 vs. control). Gender-specific differences between LV function and structure were also confirmed by multivariate analysis. While LVMI was independently and significantly correlated with @entity9568 in male subjects in addition to systolic blood pressure, age, and body mass index (all P<0.01), these parameters displaced @entity9568 as a predictor of LVMI in female subjects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity1002 are characterized by an increase in both LV mass and cardiac natriuretic peptide plasma concentrations. In contrast, LV mass and natriuretic peptide concentrations increase to a lesser extent and only with severe @entity1002 in @entity1 . These observational data suggest gender-specific control of myocardial adaptations to hemodynamic overload and a more rapid induction of @entity4346 during @entity296 in male subjects.

Gender-specific differences of cardiac remodeling in subjects with XXXX : a population-based study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'Men', 'men'] @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure'] @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction'] @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP'] @entity9568 :: ('MESH:D054160', 'Disease') :: ['ejection fraction', 'EF'] @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy'] @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']
@entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']
