Data sourcesA comprehensive search was carried out on major databases such as PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL. Reference lists of the included studies were explored along with journals likely to contain studies relevant to the topic. The search was restricted to the English languageStudy selectionThe inclusion criteria included randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials including parallel or cross-over studies comparing botulinum toxin therapy (BTX) versus any alternative intervention or placebo.Data extraction and synthesisQuality assessment and data extraction were done following the Cochrane risk of bias tool and recommendations. All of the steps in the review, including the search and selection process, were done independently by two reviewers. Disagreements were discussed with one another until consensus was reached.ResultsFive relevant studies were included in the review, which consisted of 117 @entity1 . Two trials revealed a significant inter-group difference in @entity158 reduction. Another trial that compared BTX with @entity4438 showed no significant difference in @entity158 relief for @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ), while the remaining two trials showed no significant difference between the BTX and placebo groups. Meta-analysis was not performed due to the considerable variation in study methods and evaluation of the results. All five studies were targeted primarily on the masseter and temporalis muscles and most of them administered injections at bilateral muscle sites. The methods used to find the muscles to target were all based on physical examination, with three studies using electromyography (EMG) as guidance. The dose of BTX ranged from 70U to 300U, the majority used being 100-150U. All studies gave a single session of BTX and re-evaluated @entity1 at least one month following the injection.ConclusionsNo consensus could be reached on the therapeutic benefit of BTX on @entity2956 .

Unclear results for the use of botulinum toxin therapy for TMD XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants'] @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders', 'TMDs'] @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['fascial manipulation'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['myofascial pain', 'pain']
@entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']
