Asthma is a heterogeneous disease that has been increasing in incidence throughout western societies and cytokines, including proinflammatory @entity5 @entity39 factor alpha ( @entity637 ), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity565 . Anti- @entity637 therapies have been established successfully in the clinic for diseases such as @entity309 and @entity30 . @entity637 -blocking strategies are now being trialled in @entity565 ; however, their mode of action is poorly understood. Based on the observation that @entity637 induces lymph node @entity1184 we have attempted to investigate this as a mechanism of action of @entity637 in airway inflammation by employing two models of @entity19 airway inflammation, that we have termed short and long models, representing severe and mild/moderate @entity565 , respectively. The models differ by their immunization schedules. In the short model, characterized by eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation the effect of @entity637 blockade was a reduction in draining lymph node (DLN) @entity1184 , @entity1712 , @entity59 production and immunoglobulin E (IgE) production. In the long model, characterized by @entity32 , @entity637 blockade produced a reduction in DLN @entity1184 and @entity59 production but had limited effects on @entity1712 and IgE production. These results indicate that anti- @entity637 can suppress DLN @entity1184 and @entity32 . Further investigations showed that anti- @entity637 -induced inhibition of DLN @entity1184 cannot be explained by preventing @entity6232 -dependent capture of lymphocytes into the DLN. Given that overall TNF blockade was able to suppress the short model (severe) more effectively than the long model (mild/moderate), the results suggest that @entity637 blocking therapies may be more effective in the treatment of severe @entity565 .

Tumour @entity39 factor-alpha blockade suppresses XXXX allergic airways inflammation.

@entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['decrease airway inflammation', 'eosinophilic inflammation'] @entity59 :: ('16191(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin (IL)-5', 'IL-5'] @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour'] @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma'] @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['murine'] @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"] @entity637 :: ('21926(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TNF-alpha'] @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis'] @entity6232 :: ('20343(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['l-selectin']
@entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']
