The epididymal epithelium contributes to formation of a luminal fluid that is essential for the protection of @entity12179 from a variety of insults including changes in @entity26 tension. A key regulator of the response to @entity26 debt in many cells is @entity519 -inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). A transcription factor composed of alpha and beta subunits, HIF-1 activates genes that mediate @entity26 homeostasis and cell survival pathways or trigger cell death responses. Previously we have shown that @entity16705 mRNA is expressed in the adult @entity35 epididymis. Goals of this study were to determine whether @entity16705 protein is activated by @entity63 in the @entity35 epididymis, to determine whether epididymal @entity16705 mRNA expression is @entity342 dependent, and to identify epididymal cell types expressing @entity16705 and beta. Immunoblot analysis revealed that @entity16705 protein is primarily present in corpus and cauda of the normoxic epididymis and unaffected by @entity63 , whereas @entity16704 was detected equally in all regions and also unaffected by @entity63 . @entity16705 mRNA expression in all regions was not affected by 15 days bilateral orchiectomy. Principal cells stained positive for @entity16705 by immunocytochemistry, with the epithelium of initial segment and caput epididymidis staining less intensely than corpus and cauda. @entity16704 immunoreactivity was equally present in principal cells in all regions. Clear, narrow, and basal cells were unreactive for @entity16705 and beta. The presence of HIF-1 in normoxic epididymis and the regional distribution of @entity16705 suggests fundamental differences in how proximal and distal regions of the epididymis maintain @entity26 homeostasis to protect the epithelium and @entity12179 from @entity519 .

Expression and localization of XXXX -inducible factor-1 subunits in the adult @entity35 epididymis.

@entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity16705 :: ('29560(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['HIF-1alpha'] @entity12179 :: ('OMIM:102530', 'Disease') :: ['spermatozoa'] @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxia'] @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat'] @entity16704 :: ('25242(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['HIF-1beta']
@entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']
