INTRODUCTION: Workers in @entity5715 production are exposed to a complex mixture of particles and gases potentially harmful to the airways, among them @entity44913 ( @entity16773 ). With the use of an exposure chamber, we aimed to examine the effects of short-term controlled exposure to @entity16773 on lung function and inflammatory markers in healthy volunteers. METHODS: 15 @entity1 (age 19-31) were exposed in random order to clean air or @entity16773 particles (3.8-4.0   mg/m(3)) for 2   h including 30   min exercise (stationary bike, 75   W). The permissible exposure level (PEL) for @entity16773 by Occupational Safety and Health Administration, USA, is 5   mg/m(3) time weighted average (TWA). Sham and particle exposures were separated by at least 2   weeks. Spirometry was carried out, and induced sputum and blood samples were collected 48   h before and 4 and 24   h after exposure. RESULTS: Levels of sputum neutrophils (mean (  SEM)) was increased 24   h post- @entity16773 vs pre- @entity16773 exposure (43% (4) vs 31% (4), p=0.01) and the protein level of interleukin (IL)-8 had a 4.8 (0.9)-fold change increase 24   h after exposure (p<0.01). Following @entity16773 exposure, gene signatures in sputum were significantly increased related to several pathways. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that controlled exposure to @entity16773 particles at levels below PEL (TWA) induces @entity32 in healthy @entity1 marked by elevated neutrophils and elevated @entity687 . In addition, increased expression of genes associated with several biological processes was observed in sputum. Interestingly, inhaled @entity16773 -induced effects were localised to the airways and not systemic.

@entity32 in induced sputum after XXXX exposure: an experimental chamber study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'men'] @entity16773 :: ('CHEBI:30192', 'Chemical') :: ['Al2O3'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation'] @entity44913 :: ('CHEBI:30187', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminium oxide'] @entity687 :: ('3576', 'Gene') :: ['IL-8'] @entity5715 :: ('CHEBI:28984', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminium']
@entity44913 :: (CHEBI:30187,Chemical) :: ['aluminium oxide']
