Ascending aortic and transverse arch @entity439 repair requires some brain protection. At our hospital, profound @entity2332 , @entity1167 and retrograde cerebral perfusion have been used. Thirty @entity1 for whom we used such brain protection techniques were studied with regard to incidence of @entity64 . Of these 30 @entity1 , 7 underwent @entity1167 with median arrest time was 31 minutes (range, 25 to 42 minutes), and 23 underwent retrograde cerebral perfusion with median perfusion time was 59 minutes (range, 24 to 123 minutes). The overall 30-day mortality rate was 16.6% (5 of 30 @entity1 ); these @entity1 were all aortic dissection cases, and had exhibited signs of @entity63 before the operation. Of the twenty-five @entity1 who survived the operation, incidence of @entity64 was observed in 2 @entity1 . One was a saccular transverse arch @entity439 , who underwent 71 minutes retrograde cerebral perfusion; debris was the cause of @entity64 in this case. The other was a Stanford @entity1580 , who underwent 32 minutes perfusion; malperfusion caused @entity64 in this case. @entity64 did not occur in any of the 3 @entity1 who underwent retrograde cerebral perfusion for more than 100 minutes. These results suggest that a uniform and constant cooling of the entire brain is important for brain protection. To this end, transapical aortic cannulation is effective to prevent malperfusion. It is also suggested that retrograde cerebral perfusion time can be up to 100 minutes, a longer duration hitherto accepted.

[ @entity439 repair using XXXX or retrograde cerebral perfusion].

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke'] @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['vital organs ischemia'] @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm'] @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest'] @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type A aortic dissection'] @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']
@entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['circulatory arrest']
