OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to assess the effect of artificial @entity843 on thermal protection of the diaphragm and the therapeutic efficacy of this technique during percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for @entity157 abutting the diaphragm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 44 @entity1 with a single nodular @entity157 (< 4 cm; mean, 2.2 cm) that abutted the diaphragm were treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation as first-line treatment. The @entity1 were divided into two groups: a group who received artificial @entity843 (n = 20) and a control group (n = 24). We compared the two groups in an assessment for change in diaphragmatic thickness, right shoulder @entity158 , and @entity651 as indicators of thermal @entity130 . We evaluated therapeutic efficacy with follow-up CT. RESULTS: Swelling of diaphragm at immediate follow-up CT was more severe in the control group (mean change in thickness, 0.56 mm versus 1.55 mm; p = 0.01). Right shoulder @entity158 (n = 1 versus n = 7) and @entity651 (n = 0 versus n = 6) occurred statistically significantly more often in the control group than the artificial @entity843 group, but @entity1143 did not (n = 13 versus n = 1). The technical success rate was higher in the artificial @entity843 group (100% versus 79%, p = 0.06). There was no significant difference in effectiveness rate of the primary technique (100% versus 92%, p = 0.49) or rate of local @entity5 progression (20% versus 30%, p = 0.47). CONCLUSION: The use of artificial @entity843 for percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of @entity157 abutting the diaphragm had a significant effect on thermal protection of the diaphragm but not on therapeutic efficacy.

Radiofrequency ablation for XXXX abutting the diaphragm: comparison of effects of thermal protection and therapeutic efficacy.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor'] @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['ascites'] @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['transient lung injury'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain'] @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the diaphragm']
@entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']
