BACKGROUND: @entity232 is endemic in many countries. The existence of different species combined with host factors may condition clinical presentation, treatment options, and disease outcome. In an endemic country, a predominance of certain species and presentations may be expected, whereas from the perspective of a tropical medicine referral unit a wider variety of cases from diverse geographical areas may be observed. METHODS: Retrospective study of imported @entity232 cases diagnosed at a Tropical Medicine referral unit in Spain, during the period of January 1995 to June 2008. RESULTS: In total, 18 cases were diagnosed: 12 @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ), 4 @entity17566 ( @entity17566 ), and 2 @entity234 ( @entity234 ) cases. Two @entity1 were immunosuppressed. The majority of @entity4536 cases (9/12) occurring in travelers were acquired in New World countries and were treated with pentavalent antimonials. Three @entity17566 cases were acquired in the New World, two received initial treatment with pentavalent antimonials and two with liposomal @entity2379 ( @entity19095 ). For all four @entity17566 cases, a change in drug choice and multiple treatment courses were necessary, and one remained refractory to treatment. Both @entity234 cases were acquired in Africa and responded well to @entity19095 treatment. CONCLUSION: The management of @entity232 in non-endemic countries is still a challenge for physicians. With the variety of cases presented, both in immigrants and travelers from different geographical areas, this series illustrates the great diversity of imported @entity232 in terms of presentation, treatment options, and outcome. We consider this entity is becoming increasingly more frequent and clinicians should be aware of strategies for its correct management.

Imported XXXX : a heterogeneous group of diseases.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B'] @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['VL', 'visceral leishmaniasis'] @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['Leishmaniasis', 'leishmaniasis'] @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis', 'CL'] @entity17566 :: ('MESH:D007897', 'Disease') :: ['mucocutaneous leishmaniasis', 'ML'] @entity19095 :: ('MESH:C050016|MESH:C068538', 'Chemical') :: ['LAmB']
@entity232 :: (MESH:D007896,Disease) :: ['leishmaniasis']
