1. Intravenous administration of 20-60 % @entity413 , 3.2-9.7 % @entity1219 or 20 % @entity2656 solutions (1.66 ml kg(-1)) for 5 min increased @entity26 consumption in @entity4774 -anaesthetized @entity35 , whereas administration of physiological saline had no effect. Administration of 7.7-18.3 % @entity1133 slightly increased the @entity26 consumption, but the increase was significantly smaller than that measured after the administration of other hypertonic solutions. The magnitude of the thermogenic effect correlated with the osmolality of the applied solutions. These results suggest that the thermogenesis was caused mainly by changes in osmolality rather than by a specific action of the different solute molecules. 2. Neither pretreatment with the ganglion blocker @entity4033 (20 mg kg(-1), I.P.) or the beta-adrenergic antagonist @entity1169 (10 mg kg(-1), I.P.), nor bilateral cervical vagotomy or bilateral adrenalectomy had any effect on the osmotically induced thermogenesis. Therefore, the autonomic nervous system and the adrenal gland were not involved in this metabolic response. 3. In response to osmotic stimulation, the temperature of the skeletal muscle increased significantly, whereas that of brown adipose tissue did not change and that of the colon and liver decreased. Accordingly, the site of osmotic thermogenesis is probably in the skeletal muscle, although osmotic stimulation was not accompanied by electromyographic activity and was not blocked by pretreatment with muscle relaxants such as @entity592 or @entity6305 , or with the @entity1219 co-transport inhibitor @entity11623 . 4. The increases in plasma osmolality observed after the administration of 20 % (1.3 osmol kg(-1)) @entity413 and 4.1 % (1.3 osmol kg(-1)) @entity1219 were 4.50 +/- 0.88 and 5.57 +/- 0.71 mosmol kg(-1), respectively. Since the slight increase in osmolality is well within the physiological range of changes that occur after food ingestion, diet-induced thermogenesis may have a component that is mediated by an increase in plasma osmolality, which results from the prandial increase in circulating nutrients.

Thermogenesis induced by intravenous infusion of hypertonic solutions in the XXXX .

@entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol'] @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium'] @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol'] @entity1133 :: ('MESH:D014508', 'Chemical') :: ['urea'] @entity1219 :: ('CHEBI:26710', 'Chemical') :: ['Na(+)-Cl(-)', 'NaCl'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane'] @entity6305 :: ('MESH:D010197', 'Chemical') :: ['pancuronium bromide'] @entity11623 :: ('MESH:D002034', 'Chemical') :: ['bumetanide'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats'] @entity592 :: ('MESH:D003620', 'Chemical') :: ['dantrolene sodium'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']
@entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']
