From 1981 to 1990, 60 fetuses with @entity591 (21-39 weeks of gestation) were treated in utero. Of these, 54 were cases of @entity4710 , and six of @entity956 . Non-immune fetal @entity4 was present in 21 cases with @entity4710 and in five cases with @entity956 , a total of 26 cases.Transplacental treatment by maternally administered antiarrhythmic drugs (digoxin only or in combination with @entity1855 ) produced good results in non-hydropic fetuses. In this group, all 34 fetuses survived. In fetuses with @entity4 , 20 out of 26 survived. In 13 fetuses of the 26 with @entity4 , direct fetal therapy was performed in addition to the transplacental therapy when the @entity591 was refractory to transplacental treatment. During the 9 years of this study, a variety of direct treatment regimes have been used consisting of intraperitoneal and/or umbilical intravenous administrations of different drugs. Since 1988, umbilical vein punctures have shown that the transplacental passage of @entity6838 (and @entity2643 ) is hampered in the presence of @entity4 , and direct treatment may he necessary in these cases. @entity2643 seems to he the drug of choice for direct therapy. It is highly effective in @entity4710 and @entity956 . The long elimination half-time of @entity2643 reduces the number of umbilical cord punctures needed to maintain the therapeutic drug level in the fetus.

Fetal XXXX : transplacental and direct treatment of the fetus-a report of 60 cases.

@entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone', 'Amiodarone'] @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops'] @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil'] @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia'] @entity6838 :: ('MESH:D004077', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxin'] @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter'] @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']
@entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachyarrhythmias']
