BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factors-beta (TGF-betas) are multifunctional polypeptides with crucial role as regulators of cellular growth and differentiation. It has been reported that @entity2533 plays a biphasic action on tumorigenesis thus inducing or inhibiting malignant properties of the epithelial cells. METHODS: @entity2533 expression was analyzed in 56 @entity1 with @entity356 by immunohistochemical methods and compared with the expression of @entity994 , @entity876 , and Ki67, as well as with angiogenesis. The correlation of these markers with clinicopathological parameters was also evaluated. RESULTS: @entity2533 expression was detected in 71% of @entity5 and was more frequent in @entity420 of the intestinal type (p < 0.001). Positivity of p21WAF1, and @entity876 was observed in 32% and 51% of the @entity5 , respectively. A high Ki67 proliferating index was detected in 53.5% of the @entity5 . @entity2533 expression was significantly correlated with @entity994 expression (p < 0.001) and was inversely correlated with microvessel density. @entity994 expression was also higher in @entity5 with low proliferating index (p < 0.01). There was no apparent correlation between the expression of these markers and @entity5 stage, depth of invasion, or lymphnode @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The findings show that @entity2533 may be involved in the activation of the cdk inhibitor p21WAF1 in @entity356 , suggesting @entity876 -independent induction of @entity994 in gastric cells. @entity2533 does not seem to contribute to the alteration of the angiogenic status of these @entity5 .

Immunohistochemical expression of @entity2533 , p21WAF1, @entity876 , Ki67, and angiogenesis in XXXX : a clinicopathologic study.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors'] @entity876 :: ('7157', 'Gene') :: ['p53'] @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1'] @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases'] @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas'] @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinomas', 'gastric carcinoma'] @entity994 :: ('1026', 'Gene') :: ['p21']
@entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinomas']
