BACKGROUND: From the modest but important breakthroughs in the treatment of @entity195 ( @entity195 ), diagnostic focus has increasingly shifted to the accurate detection of the earliest phase of the illness. The challenge of distinguishing preclinical @entity195 from changes of normal ageing or established @entity195 , has been recognised in several attempts at clinical classification. Of these attempts, Mayo Clinic's @entity73 ( @entity73 ) has received significant attention, although it has not been internationally accepted. Not all @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity73 will develop @entity195 , hence there is a need to reliably predict progression. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: Research in the identification of @entity1 with @entity73 who will develop @entity195 via the use of neuropsychological tests, neuroimaging (both structural and functional), @entity2841 analysis, and other biomarkers, either in isolation or in combination, has progressed rapidly. In this article we summarise findings from relevant recent longitudinal studies. WHERE NEXT?: There are increasing calls to recognise the pathological nature of @entity73 and to develop international diagnostic guidelines. Such uniform application of @entity73 criteria can then lead to clearer evidence of its diagnostic and therapeutic benefit. In developing these guidelines, the crucial presence of functional deficit arising from @entity73 (which diagnoses @entity303 and excludes @entity73 ) needs to be investigated in a standardised manner. Also needed are good-quality normal-values data on the various tests used to predict progression in preclinical @entity195 .

Preclinical XXXX : diagnosis and prediction of progression.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people'] @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia'] @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment'] @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"] @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['CSF']
@entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']
