UNASSIGNED: Cigarette smoke has been associated with susceptibility to different @entity358 . @entity73 (AMs) that are major phagocytes in the lung have been associated with @entity1 with @entity1030 and active smokers. In the current report, we show that exposure to second-hand cigarette smoke (SHS) significantly reduced efferocytosis in vivo. More importantly, delivery of recombinant @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ) to the @entity133 restored and refurbished the efferocytosis capability of AMs. Exposure to SHS significantly reduced expression of @entity37871 /32 on AMs, and treatment with @entity2304 not only restored but also significantly increased the expression of @entity37871 /32 on AMs. @entity2304 treatment increased uptake and digestion/removal of apoptotic cells by AMs. The latter was attributed to increased expression of Rab5 and @entity32550 . Increased efferocytosis of AMs was also tested in a disease condition. AMs from @entity2304 -treated, @entity683 -infected, SHS-exposed @entity19 showed significantly better efferocytosis activity, and @entity19 had significantly less morbidity compared with @entity4613 -buffered saline-treated group. @entity2304 -treated @entity19 had increased @entity43747 levels in the lungs, which in addition to efferocytosis of AMs may have attributed to their protection against @entity683 . These results will have great implications for developing therapeutic approaches by harnessing mucosal innate immunity to treat lung and @entity1030 and protect against @entity55 .Mucosal Immunology advance online publication, 18 November 2015; doi:10.1038/mi.2015.120.

Restoring cigarette smoke-induced XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity2304 :: ('12981(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSF', 'granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor'] @entity32550 :: ('19349(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Rab7'] @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired alveolar macrophages'] @entity4613 :: ('D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate'] @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar space'] @entity37871 :: ('14131(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['CD16'] @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza'] @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and airway diseases'] @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway diseases'] @entity43747 :: ('11839(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['amphiregulin']
@entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['impairment of efferocytosis in alveolar macrophages']
