UNASSIGNED: Despite being a major clinical and public health problem across the developing world, responsible for at least 5 million @entity204 over the last three decades, the clinical care of @entity1 with @entity5139 (OP) insecticide poisoning has little improved over the last six decades. We are still using the same two antidotes - @entity3897 and @entity5141 - that first came into clinical use in the late 1950s. Clinical research in South Asia has shown how improved regimens of @entity3897 can prevent @entity204 . However, we are still unsure about which @entity1 are most likely to benefit from the use of @entity5141 . Supplemental antidotes, such as @entity1760 , @entity1338 and @entity4388 , have all been proposed and studied in small trials without production of definitive answers. Novel antidotes such as nicotinic receptor antagonists, beta-adrenergic agonists and lipid emulsions are being studied in large animal models and in pilot clinical trials. Hopefully, one or more of these affordable and already licensed antidotes will find their place in routine clinical care. However, the large number of chemically diverse OP insecticides, the varied poisoning they produce and their varied response to treatment might ultimately make it difficult to determine definitively whether these antidotes are truly effective. In addition, the @entity137 of the varied solvents and surfactants formulated with the OP active ingredients complicates both treatment and studies. It is possible that the only effective way to reduce @entity204 from OP insecticide poisoning will be a steady reduction in their agricultural use worldwide.

Pharmacological treatment of XXXX insecticide poisoning: the old and the (possible) new.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity'] @entity5141 :: ('MESH:D010091', 'Chemical') :: ['oximes'] @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine'] @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths'] @entity5139 :: ('D010755', 'Chemical') :: ['organophosphorus'] @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']
@entity5139 :: (D010755,Chemical) :: ['organophosphorus']
