BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity16 have a much higher risk of both @entity322 and @entity1142 than the general population. There is often a fine dividing line between the two conditions, with any management intended to ameliorate, one risking precipitating the other. Bowel problems are observed to be the cause of much @entity148 and may reduce quality of life in these @entity1 . Current bowel management is largely empirical with a limited research base. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of management strategies for @entity322 and @entity1142 in @entity1 with @entity16 affecting the central nervous system. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE and all reference lists of relevant articles. Date of the most recent searches: May 2000. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised or quasi-randomised trials evaluating any types of conservative, or surgical measure for the management of @entity322 and @entity1142 in @entity1 with @entity16 were selected. Specific therapies for the treatment of @entity16 that indirectly affect @entity29 have also been considered. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: All three reviewers assessed the methodological quality of eligible trials and two reviewers independently extracted data from included trials using a range of pre-specified outcome measures. MAIN RESULTS: Only seven trials were identified by the search strategy and all were small and of poor quality. Oral medications for @entity1142 were the subject of four trials. @entity4392 does not seem to have clinically useful effects in @entity1 with @entity1566 (two trials). Psyllium was associated with increased stool frequency in @entity1 with @entity191 but not altered colonic transit time (one trial). Some rectal preparations to initiate defecation produced faster results than others (one trial). Different time schedules for administration of rectal medication may produce different bowel responses (one trial). Mechanical evacuation may be more effective than oral or rectal medication (one trial). The clinical significance of any of these results is difficult to interpret. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: It is not possible to draw any recommendation for bowel care in @entity1 with @entity16 from the trials included in this review. Bowel management for these @entity1 must remain empirical until well-designed controlled trials with adequate numbers and clinically relevant outcome measures become available.

Management of XXXX and @entity1142 in adults with central @entity16 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People'] @entity4392 :: ('MESH:D020117', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisapride'] @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence'] @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases', 'neurological disease'] @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel dysfunction'] @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"] @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety'] @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries'] @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']
@entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['faecal incontinence']
