UNASSIGNED: In spite of recent advances in the treatment of @entity302 , up to 35% of @entity1 living with the condition do not respond to accessible anti- @entity302 drugs (AEDs) and continue to experience regular, devastating and potentially life-threatening @entity410 . @entity528 is a significant feature of @entity302 in @entity1 and experimental models. It has been reported that @entity17657 , an endogenous ligand for the angiotensin-1-like receptor (APJ), has anticonvulsive as well as protective effects in some neurodegenerative situations. In the current study, we investigated the effects of @entity17657 -13 on @entity5093 ( @entity17202 )-induced @entity2359 in @entity35 's brain primary culture. @entity131 was induced by 20mM @entity17202 and the cells viability was examined by @entity98 assay. Intracellular @entity460 , reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by fluorescence spectrophotometry methods. Markers of apoptosis were determined by immunohistochemistry. The data showed that @entity17202 caused a loss of cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, intracellular reactive @entity26 species, intracellular @entity460 , @entity4665 and @entity4124 positive cells were increased in @entity17202 -treated cells. Incubation of the cells with aplein-13 (10 M) elicited protective effect and reduced markers of cell damage and @entity204 . The results suggest that @entity17657 -13 has protective effects against @entity17202 -induced @entity137 and such effects are accompanied by its @entity460 blocking, antioxidant and, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties.

@entity17657 -13 protects @entity35 primary cortical glia-neuron co-culture against XXXX -induced @entity137 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'people'] @entity17202 :: ('D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['PTZ'] @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures'] @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Cell injury'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity'] @entity17657 :: ('58812(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['apelin'] @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazole'] @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen'] @entity98 :: ('CHEBI:53233', 'Chemical') :: ['MTT'] @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy'] @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat'] @entity4124 :: ('25402(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['caspase-3'] @entity4665 :: ('26198(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['COX-2'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death'] @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Neuronal death'] @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']
@entity5093 :: (MESH:D010433,Chemical) :: ['pentylenetetrazole']
