BACKGROUND: Maternal micronutrient deficiencies are commonly associated with clinical indicators of @entity5028 . OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that periconceptional multiple-micronutrient supplementation (MMS) affects placental function. DESIGN: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of MMS in 17- to 45-y-old Gambian @entity1 who were menstruating regularly and within the previous 3 mo. Eligible subjects were pre-randomly assigned to supplementation with the UNICEF/WHO/United Nations University multiple micronutrient preparation (UNIMMAP) or placebo on recruitment and until they reached their first antenatal check-up or for 1 y if they failed to conceive. Primary outcome measures were midgestational indexes of utero-placental vascular-endothelial function [ratio of @entity2289 to @entity10933 and mean uterine-artery resistance index (UtARI)] and placental active transport capacity at delivery [fetal to @entity11173 ( @entity11173 ) ratio]. RESULTS: We recruited 1156 @entity1 who yielded 415 pregnancies, of which 376 met all of the inclusion criteria. With adjustment for gestational age at sampling, there were no differences in @entity2289 to @entity10933 or @entity11173 ratios between trial arms, but there was a 0.02-unit reduction in UtARI between 18 and 32 wk of gestation (95% CI: -0.03, -0.00; P = 0.040) in @entity1 taking UNIMMAP. CONCLUSIONS: Placental vascular function was modifiable by periconceptional micronutrient supplementation. However, the effect was small and supplementation did not further affect other variables of placental function. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN 13687662.

Periconceptional multiple-micronutrient supplementation and placental function in rural Gambian XXXX : a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women'] @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['PAI-1', 'plasminogen-activator inhibitor (PAI) 1'] @entity5028 :: ('MESH:D010922', 'Disease') :: ['placental dysfunction'] @entity10933 :: ('5055', 'Gene') :: ['PAI-2'] @entity11173 :: ('MESH:D008457', 'Disease') :: ['maternal measles antibody', 'MMA']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']
