STUDY DESIGN: Clinical study of percutaneous endoscopic surgery for cervical @entity890 (CHIVD). OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of anterior percutaneous @entity3799 (APECD), previously known as percutaneous @entity3799 , for CHIVD. In addition, the ways to avoid major complications, including case selection and surgical techniques, are highlighted. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: CHIVD is a common disease and can cause @entity614 , namely, radiating @entity158 , @entity1183 or @entity425 , or @entity602 . If conservative treatment failed, most @entity1 were treated by anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. METHODS: From October 2002 to July 2008, a total of 107 consecutive @entity1 with clinically symptomatic CHIVD who underwent APECD were enrolled. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using the visual analog scale, Neck Disability Index, and modified MacNab criteria. Radiographic follow-up included static and dynamic plain cervical radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Eighty-six @entity1 (80%) could be followed up for at least 12 months (range: 12 to 60 mo; mean, 22.4 mo) for outcome evaluation. The visual analog scale and Neck Disability Index improved significantly (P<0.001) after the operation. According to the modified MacNab criteria, excellent and good outcome were achieved in 29 (34%) and 49 (57%) @entity1 , respectively. Two @entity1 (2 of 107, 2%) experienced operation-related complications: 1 @entity1 sustained @entity1914 and was treated with angiographic stenting, whereas the other @entity1 had @entity86 and recovered after conservative treatment. CONCLUSIONS: APECD is not only minimally invasive but can also avoid the morbidities of conventional open cervical discectomy. @entity1 have a more rapid postoperative recuperation. Nevertheless, it carries the risk of major complications. With careful @entity1 selection and use of meticulous surgical techniques, it is still a safe and effective alternative to open surgical modalities for CHIVD.

Anterior percutaneous @entity3799 for cervical XXXX : outcome, complications, and technique.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['numbness'] @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy'] @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness of the upper extremity'] @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic cervical discectomy'] @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative headache'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['arm pain'] @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['cervical radiculopathy'] @entity1914 :: ('MESH:D020212', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery injury'] @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disc herniation']
@entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['intervertebral disc herniation']
