OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of maternal smoking on antioxidative capacity and intensity of oxidative damage in breast milk. STUDY DESIGN: The study group (n=30) was comprised of postpartum @entity1 who declared smoking more than five cigarettes per day during pregnancy and lactation (confirmed by the urinalysis of @entity4874 concentration), and their newborns. Control group included 29 non-smoking postpartum @entity1 and their newborns. Colostrum samples were collected on the 3rd day after delivery and breast milk samples between the 30th and the 32nd day after delivery. Morning maternal and neonatal urine samples were obtained on the day of the mature milk sampling. @entity10329 concentrations in colostrum/mature milk and urine were determined immunoenzymatically. @entity159 ( @entity159 ) of colostrum/breast milk was determined by @entity579 -Evans and Miller method. RESULT: Colostrum @entity159 in smokers was significantly lower than in non-smokers (P=0.006). In both groups, the @entity159 of mature milk was higher compared with colostrum, but significant differences were observed amongst smokers only (P=0.001). In smokers the @entity10329 concentration of mature milk was significantly higher than the colostrum concentration (P=0.001). Significant inverse correlation between maternal urinary @entity10329 concentration and the @entity159 of mature breast milk was observed in smokers (R=-0.525, P=0.023), but not in non-smokers (R=0.161, P=0.422). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that maternal smoking triggers harmful effects on an @entity1 by impairing pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance of breast milk.

Maternal smoking decreases antioxidative status of XXXX breast milk.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infant'] @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine'] @entity10329 :: ('MESH:D028421', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprostane', 'Isoprostane'] @entity579 :: ('4530', 'Species') :: ['Rice'] @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['Total Antioxidant Status', 'TAS']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']
