UNASSIGNED: Conditions such as @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity1691 ( @entity1691 , such as @entity5144 , PsA, and @entity1691 , @entity5427 ) are characterized by an imbalance between osteoclast (OC) bone resorption and osteoblast (OB) bone formation. The two conditions present substantial differences in bone involvement, which is probably related to the different expression of @entity4155 and @entity310 , two cytokines that strongly promote osteoclastogenesis and focal @entity79 . @entity310 is the major inflammatory cytokine in @entity309 . It acts by both triggering OC bone erosion via the @entity5298 system, and suppressing OB bone formation through the overexpression of @entity5741 , a powerful inhibitor of the WNT bone anabolic signaling pathway. Differing from @entity310 , @entity4155 promotes also osteogenesis, particularly at inflamed sites undergoing mechanical stress, such as entheses. Therefore, in @entity309 , where overexpression of @entity310 is higher than @entity4155 , OC bone resorption largely prevails upon bone formation. In PsA and @entity5427 , the prevailing inflammatory cytokine is @entity4155 , which promotes also osteogenesis. Given the prevalent involvement of entheses poor of OC, excess bone formation may even prevail over excess bone resorption. The results of clinical trials support the different pathophysiology of bone involvement in chronic @entity625 . Inflammation control through anti- @entity310 agents has not resulted in incomparable effects on radiographic progression and excess bone formation in both @entity5427 and PsA. Clinical trials investigating @entity4155 inhibitors, such as secukinumab, in @entity1 with @entity5144 are underway. The preliminary results on @entity32 and symptoms appear positive, while long-term studies are required to demonstrate an effect on excess bone formation.

Focal bone involvement in inflammatory XXXX : the role of @entity4155 .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity5427 :: ('MESH:D017204', 'Disease') :: ['AS'] @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis'] @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['TNFa'] @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic disease', 'psoriatic arthritis'] @entity5298 :: ('8600', 'Gene') :: ['RANK-RANKL'] @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosions'] @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'spondyloarthritis', 'SpA'] @entity4155 :: ('3605', 'Gene') :: ['IL17'] @entity5741 :: ('22943', 'Gene') :: ['DKK1'] @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']
@entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']
