@entity1140 (Tac), which blocks T- and B-cell proliferation by inhibiting calcineurin, was first used for immunosuppression following @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in 1989. Two multicenter randomized trials have compared Tac to the oil-based @entity205 (CsA) formulation (both combined with @entity500 and @entity230 ) in @entity299 @entity1 . The two drugs displayed similar @entity1 survival rates and incidences of rejection, nephrotoxicity, @entity6 , and @entity281 . The Tac group however, showed a lower incidence of arterial @entity101 (and, in one study, of @entity2299 ). A pilot study of Tac in combination with @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) and @entity230 suggested that maintenance of serum @entity3442 levels at 2.5 to 4.5 microg/mL yields lower rejection rates without greater @entity137 than previous regimens. Currently, a European multicenter randomized trial is comparing Tac with Neoral CsA, both used in combination with @entity2098 , @entity230 , and induction antibodies. For @entity1 undergoing primary immunosuppression with CsA, Tac has proved effective for rescue from @entity134 -resistant acute rejection. It also has tentatively been used without other drugs in selected @entity1 . It is a valid alternative to CsA in current immunosuppressive regimens, because it does not cause @entity7138 or @entity3427 and, thus, may improve the quality of life and treatment compliance of female and pediatric @entity1 . It may be preferable to CsA for @entity1 with arterial @entity101 or intractable @entity2299 . Current and future studies will clarify the efficacy and safety of regimens combining Tac with @entity2098 or @entity3446 .

XXXX in heart transplantation.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity3442 :: ('MESH:D009173', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolic acid'] @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension'] @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes'] @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia'] @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin'] @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections'] @entity2098 :: ('CHEBI:8764', 'Chemical') :: ['MMF'] @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil'] @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid'] @entity7138 :: ('MESH:D005885', 'Disease') :: ['gingival hyperplasia'] @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'heart transplant'] @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids'] @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus'] @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']
@entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['Tacrolimus']
