There are no guidelines for antimicrobial use in experimental animals even though appropriate selection is required to reduce risk of @entity281 ( @entity281 ) and resistance development. @entity1707 are used extensively as experimental surgical models for @entity1 . This review compares reported antimicrobial prescription in recently published @entity1707 surgical studies (retrieved by PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar) with @entity1 guidelines for prophylactic antimicrobial use (National Institute of Clinical Excellence and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists). A five-point appropriate antimicrobial use index (AAUI), based on aforementioned guidelines, was used to grade 233 studies. Use of World Health Organization-designated critically important antimicrobials (CIA) was recorded. Antimicrobial use was described in 111 of 233 (48 per cent) papers. AAUI scores of 5 (maximal compliance) and 0 (no compliance) were awarded to 34 (15 per cent) and 101 (43 per cent) articles. Where reported, prophylactic antimicrobials were mostly administered after surgery (62/95, 65 per cent) and intramuscularly (36/72, 50 per cent). CIAs were described in 21 of 111 (19 per cent) papers and SSIs in 21 of 233 (9 per cent). Reported antimicrobial prophylaxis in experimental @entity1707 surgery deviates from @entity1 clinical guidelines. This has implications for antimicrobial resistance, study quality and animal welfare. Until species-specific guidelines are formulated, experimental surgical studies involving animals would probably benefit from adherence to @entity1 guidelines.

Prophylactic use of antimicrobials in surgical XXXX models; a literature review (2012-2014).

@entity1707 :: ('9823', 'Species') :: ['Pigs', 'pig'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'SSI'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']
@entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']
