BACKGROUND: Lung cancer incidence and mortality rates have increased substantially in China despite improvements in clinical diagnosis and treatment approaches as well as significant advances in the implementation of @entity286 -control policies in recent decades. METHODS: Age-standardized mortality rates and age-specific rates of @entity2 in China were estimated for the periods 1973 to 1975, 1990 to 1992, and 2004 to 2005 using data from 3 National Death Surveys. Among @entity1 with @entity2 who were identified from a hospital-based information system, the percentages of ever-smokers were analyzed according to histologic and demographic variables. RESULTS: Age-standardized mortality from @entity2 in China dramatically increased from 7.30 per 100,000 during 1973 through 1975 to 27.62 per 100,000 during 2004 through 2005. @entity2 age-standardized mortality were consistent among @entity1 and @entity1 in urban and rural populations. Among @entity1 ages 75 to 79 years, @entity2 mortality increased remarkably to 453.67 per 100,000 in 2004 and 2005 (from 246.78 per 100,000 during 1990-1992 and from 53.65 per 100,000 during 1973-1975). Among 6674 @entity1 with @entity2 who were identified from 2003 to 2007 from a hospital-based database, 82.97% of @entity1 were ever-smokers (73.35% of @entity1 with @entity420 and 91.8% of @entity1 with @entity957 ), and 11.18% of @entity1 were ever-smokers (6% of @entity1 with @entity1962 and 39.02% of @entity1 with @entity957 ). Differences in the numbers of ever-smokers were observed between age groups but not according to the year of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The consistent and rapid increases in @entity2 mortality rates observed in the Chinese population and the high prevalence of exposure to smoking in China prompt a strong call for the implementation of a comprehensive @entity286 -control policy and specific public health educational strategies. @entity5 2015;121:3107-12.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

Increased XXXX mortality rates in the Chinese population from 1973-1975 to 2004-2005: An adverse health effect from exposure to smoking.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men'] @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer'] @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma'] @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Increases in lung cancer', 'lung cancer'] @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinoma'] @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']
@entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']
