@entity2858 trans-acting protein Tat, an essential protein for viral replication, is a key mediator of @entity2359 . If Tat oxidant injury and @entity2359 have been described, consequent neuroinflammation is less understood. @entity35 caudate-putamens (CPs) were challenged with Tat, with or without prior rSV40-delivered @entity224 dismutase or @entity2041 peroxidase. Tat injection caused oxidative stress. Administration of Tat in the @entity2723 induced an increase in numbers of @entity11654 - and @entity469 -positive cells, as well as an infiltration of astrocytes. We also tested the effect of more protracted Tat exposure on neuroinflammation using an experimental model of chronic Tat exposure. SV(Tat): a recombinant SV40-derived gene transfer vector was inoculated into the @entity35 @entity2723 , leading to chronic expression of Tat, oxidative stress, and ongoing apoptosis, mainly located in neurons. Intra- @entity2723 SV(Tat) injection induced an increase in microglia and astrocytes, suggesting that protracted Tat production increased neuroinflammation. SV( @entity1367 ) or SV( @entity21759 ) significantly reduced neuroinflammation following Tat administration into the @entity2723 . Thus, Tat-induced oxidative stress, @entity130 , neuron loss and @entity32 may be mitigated by antioxidant gene delivery.

Oxidative Stress Is Associated with Neuroinflammation in Animal Models of @entity2858 Tat XXXX .

@entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation'] @entity1367 :: ('6647', 'Gene') :: ['SOD1'] @entity2858 :: ('11676', 'Species') :: ['HIV-1'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['CNS injury'] @entity469 :: ('968', 'Gene') :: ['CD68'] @entity21759 :: ('2876', 'Gene') :: ['GPx1'] @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione'] @entity11654 :: ('199', 'Gene') :: ['Iba-1'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Rat'] @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide'] @entity2723 :: ('MESH:C566991', 'Disease') :: ['CP'] @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']
@entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['Neurotoxicity']
