@entity1911 are active, @entity2922 -producing @entity5 derived from chromaffine tissue, causing arterial @entity101 . The therapeutical aim is the surgical @entity5 . Blockade of the alpha-adrenergic receptors during the preoperative phase is necessary to prevent @entity65 . @entity5333 is the commonly used alpha-adrenergic blocking agent. Therapy begins with low doses and is increased stepwise up to 250 mg daily. The optimal duration of preoperative therapy is 10 to 14 days. Efficiency of therapy should be judged by @entity304 , a stabilisation of arterial blood pressure, and the presence of light @entity551 . Swelling of nasal mucosa indicates a successful blockade of the alpha-adrenergic receptors. Persistent @entity591 is an indication to apply beta-adrenal receptor blockers, but only after alpha-blockade. Reexpansion of blood volume has to be adjusted according to hemodynamic monitoring data. With an adequate preoperative management, mortality of @entity1 with @entity1911 has been reduced to less than 1 percent. Postoperatively, most @entity1 become normotensive and other symptoms of excessive @entity2922 -production disappear. In cases of long persisting and fixed @entity101 paroxysmal crises of high blood pressure can be avoided.

[Premedication in XXXX ].

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension'] @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of symptoms'] @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytomas', 'Pheochromocytomas'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumour', 'tumours'] @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenoxybenzamine'] @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia'] @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine'] @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension'] @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']
@entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']
