UNASSIGNED: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is the third most common cause of @entity810 among inpatients. Although the number of @entity1 undergoing exams using radiocontrast is increasing, little progress has been made for @entity8 treatment. The pathophysiology of @entity8 is known as @entity810 due to oxidative stress. As autophagy regulates cellular damage under stressful conditions, we investigated the role of autophagy in @entity8 . @entity8 was induced in male C57BL/6 J @entity19 by intraperitoneal injection of @entity6111 , and @entity2456 ( @entity8836 ) was used as an autophagy inhibitor. @entity810 caused by @entity6111 was also examined in vitro using @entity35 tubular cells (NRK-52E). Increased autophagy after @entity6111 administration was demonstrated by the increase of light chain 3-II in the damaged kidney tubules both in vivo and in vitro. Serum @entity1011 and @entity810 were significantly increased at 24 h after @entity6111 treatment, as compared to control group. Further they worsened with autophagy inhibition by @entity8836 . In vitro studies also demonstrated that decreased cell viability by @entity6111 was aggravated with @entity8836 pretreatment. @entity1234 measured for oxidative stress was increased by @entity6111 , and it was accentuated by autophagy inhibition, which resulted in increase of @entity4674 . Apoptosis, increased by @entity6111 treatment, was augmented with autophagy inhibition. Macrophage infiltration and increase of @entity2842 in kidneys were induced by @entity6111 , and it was aggravated with autophagy inhibition. This study showed that autophagy was involved with the pathophysiology of @entity8 , and the role of autophagy in modulation of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cell infiltration was supposed as mechanisms mitigating @entity8 .

XXXX is attenuated by autophagy through regulation of apoptosis and inflammation.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity2456 :: ('MESH:C025946', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methyladenine'] @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['RCN', 'Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity4674 :: ('54205', 'Gene') :: ['cytochrome c'] @entity8836 :: ('C025946', 'Chemical') :: ['3-MA'] @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1'] @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['Malondialdehyde'] @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Tubular injury', 'acute renal failure', 'tubular injury'] @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine'] @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat'] @entity6111 :: ('MESH:D007472', 'Chemical') :: ['iohexol']
@entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy']
