BACKGROUND: Autonomic control of the cardiovascular system may be @entity2175 and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Parameters obtained during stress testing may reflect early stages of cardiac @entity5433 and provide prognostic information in asymptomatic @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: We performed maximal exercise treadmill testing in 594 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 without known @entity301 . The prognostic significance of physiological parameters associated with @entity5433 was assessed, including chronotropic @entity337 (<80% heart rate reserve), abnormal heart rate recovery at 1 minute <18 beats/minute, and resting @entity591 >100 beats/minute. @entity797 proportional hazards analysis was used to determine the association of exercise parameters with a composite outcome of all-cause mortality, @entity583 or @entity64 . RESULTS: Resting heart rate >100 beats/minute was observed in 18% of @entity1 , chronotropic @entity337 in 30% and heart rate recovery at 1 minute <18 beats/minute in 35%. Over 79        16 months, there were 72 (12%) events. Each parameter was significantly associated with event risk in an adjusted multivariate analysis: chronotropic @entity337 (hazard ratio 1.89, 95% confidence interval 1.18-3.01; P   =   0.008), resting heart rate >= 100 beats/minute (hazard ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval 1.19-3.26; P   =   0.008) and heart rate recovery at 1 minute <18 beats (hazard ratio 1.77, 95% confidence interval 1.12-2.81; P   =   0.015). A progressive relationship between the number of abnormal parameters and event risk was observed (log rank P   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity337 , resting @entity591 and reduced heart rate recovery are independently and additively associated with long-term mortality, @entity583 or @entity64 in @entity164 2 @entity6 without known @entity301 .

Resting heart rate and measures of effort-related cardiac @entity5433 predict cardiovascular events in asymptomatic @entity164 2 XXXX .

@entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['impaired in type 2 diabetes'] @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients'] @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke'] @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes'] @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease'] @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Gene') :: ['Cox'] @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia'] @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['Chronotropic incompetence', 'incompetence'] @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['type'] @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']
@entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']
