In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the design and use of @entity1933 materials with nanoscale dimensions for magnetic, catalytic, biomedical, and electronic applications. The increased manufacture and use of @entity1933 nanoparticles (IONPs) in consumer products as well as industrial processes is expected to lead to the unintentional release of IONPs into the environment. The impact of IONPs on the environment and on biological species is not well understood but remains a concern due to the increased chemical reactivity of nanoparticles relative to their bulk counterparts. This review article describes the impact of IONPs on cellular genetic components. The mutagenic impact of IONPs may damage an organism's ability to develop or reproduce. To date, there has been experimental evidence of IONPs having mutagenic interactions on @entity1 cell lines including lymphoblastoids, fibroblasts, microvascular endothelial cells, bone marrow cells, lung epithelial cells, alveolar type II like epithelial cells, bronchial fibroblasts, skin epithelial cells, hepatocytes, cerebral endothelial cells, @entity1492 cells, @entity0 cells, @entity2 cells, and @entity189 cells. Other cell lines including the @entity3569 ovary cells, @entity19 fibroblast cells, @entity19 fibroblast cells, @entity20984 sperm cells, @entity19 lung cells, @entity19 alveolar macrophages, @entity19 hepatic and renal tissue cells, and vero cells have also shown mutagenic effects upon exposure to IONPs. We further show the influence of IONPs on microorganisms in the presence and absence of dissolved organic @entity505 . The results shed light on the OPEN ACCESS Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16 23483 transformations IONPs undergo in the environment and the nature of the potential mutagenic impact on biological cells.

Mutagenic Effects of XXXX Nanoparticles on Biological Cells.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human'] @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'murine'] @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma'] @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide'] @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['cervix carcinoma'] @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma'] @entity20984 :: ('29158', 'Species') :: ['Mytilus galloprovincialis'] @entity505 :: ('MESH:D002244', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon'] @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']
@entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['Iron Oxide']
