BACKGROUND: Biofilm infection of breast implants significantly potentiates capsular @entity1159 . This study investigated whether chronic biofilm infection could promote @entity784 . METHODS: In the @entity1707 study, 12 textured and 12 smooth implants were inserted into three adult @entity1707 . Implants were left in situ for a mean period of 8.75 months. In the @entity1 study, 57 capsules from @entity1 with Baker grade IV @entity1159 were collected prospectively over a 4-year period. Biofilm and surrounding lymphocytes were analyzed using culture, nucleic acid, and visualization techniques. RESULTS: In the @entity1707 study, all samples were positive for bacterial biofilm. There was a significant correlation between the bacterial numbers and grade of capsular @entity1159 (p = 0.04). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that all lymphocytes were significantly more numerous on textured compared with smooth implants (p < 0.001). T cells accounted for the majority of the lymphocytic infiltrate. Imaging confirmed the presence of activated lymphocytes. In the @entity1 study, all capsules were positive for biofilm. Analysis of lymphocyte numbers showed a T-cell predominance (p < 0.001). There was a significant linear correlation between the number of T and B cells and the number of detected bacteria (p < 0.001). Subset analysis showed a significantly higher number of bacteria for @entity2636 implants (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: @entity281 around breast prostheses produces an increased T-cell response both in the @entity1707 and in @entity1 . A possible link between bacterial biofilm and @entity784 is significant in light of breast implant-associated @entity2108 . CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, V.

XXXX in breast implants is associated with an increased T-cell lymphocytic infiltrate: implications for breast implant-associated lymphoma.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients'] @entity1707 :: ('9823', 'Species') :: ['pigs', 'pig'] @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell hyperplasia'] @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic biofilm infection'] @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic large-cell lymphoma'] @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture'] @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']
@entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Chronic biofilm infection']
