@entity1 intestinal trefoil factor ( @entity3561 ) is a small @entity462 -rich protein expressed in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Its sequence is related to that of other trefoil peptides including the @entity3559 / @entity3559 protein, which is regulated by @entity2931 in @entity0 . This study was designed to investigate whether @entity3561 is expressed in @entity1 @entity189 cells. cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of gastric mucosal RNA and sequenced, establishing that this mRNA is expressed in the stomach. Expression of @entity3561 was detected in a proportion of cell lines derived from @entity5 of the GI tract, in @entity157 cells, and at highest levels in a @entity151 cell line. Amongst @entity0 cell lines, it was expressed in all the @entity2931 -responsive but in none of the @entity2931 -nonresponsive @entity0 cell lines. The possibility that @entity3561 expression in breast cells is controlled by @entity53 was then tested. @entity53 treatment increased @entity3561 expression between three- and ten-fold in the @entity2931 -responsive @entity0 cell lines, demonstrating that, like @entity3559 / @entity3559 , @entity3561 is regulated by @entity2931 in @entity0 cells. @entity440 inhibited the induction of @entity3561 expression by @entity53 but @entity440 alone was a partial @entity2931 agonist for @entity3561 expression. These results show that @entity3561 is expressed, sometimes ectopically, in several @entity1 @entity5 , which suggests that trefoil peptides may have a more general role in tumourigenesis than hitherto appreciated. That the expression of @entity3561 is regulated by @entity2931 in @entity0 cells suggests that @entity3561 expression may provide a novel marker for @entity2931 responsiveness in @entity0 .

Expression of XXXX intestinal trefoil factor in malignant cells and its regulation by @entity2931 in @entity0 cells.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Human'] @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine'] @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer'] @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen'] @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies'] @entity3561 :: ('7033', 'Gene') :: ['hITF'] @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma'] @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol', 'Oestradiol'] @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma'] @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung carcinoma'] @entity3559 :: ('7031', 'Gene') :: ['pNR-2', 'pS2']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']
