INTRODUCTION: @entity250 ( @entity250 ), consisting of a constellation of distressing sexual symptoms, is highly prevalent worldwide. Given the central role played by psychological factors in the development of @entity250 , psychologically and in particular mindfulness-based interventions have arisen as potential treatment options for @entity1 . Although mindfulness-based interventions have been evaluated in samples of @entity1 with @entity5 ; a history of @entity458 ; @entity15 ; and @entity1566 ; and provoked @entity2411 , the mechanisms by which mindfulness leads to improvements in sexual functioning are largely unstudied. AIM: To summarize the literature on mechanisms of mindfulness interventions in general and to hypothesize which mechanisms most likely apply to samples of @entity1 with @entity250 . METHODS: Medline was searched with terms such as mindfulness, meditation, mediator, mode, moderator, mechanism, sex, and @entity250 . Only studies that conducted a formal mediation or moderation analysis were included. We also conducted a broader review on mechanisms in other populations, with slightly modified inclusion criteria: the terms sex and @entity250 were removed and only studies from 2012 to 2016 and studies that included an active mindfulness intervention were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS: In general populations, trait mindfulness and decentering were the most common mechanisms identified for the efficacy of mindfulness. In four studies that examined mediators of improvement in samples with @entity250 , the following mediators were found to be significant: relationship satisfaction, genital self-image, interoceptive awareness, depressed mood, @entity148 , and trait mindfulness, of which interoceptive awareness had the most supporting evidence. CONCLUSION: Clinicians and researchers can use the identified mediators of improvement (ie, interoceptive awareness, @entity308 , and trait mindfulness) when making decisions about which @entity1 might be more likely to benefit from a mindfulness-based approach to treating @entity250 . Future work should examine these mediators and other putative mediators and moderators in randomized controlled trials of mindfulness. Arora N, Brotto LA. How Does Paying Attention Improve Sexual Functioning in @entity1 ? A Review of Mechanisms. Sex Med Rev 2017;X:XXX-XXX.

How Does Paying Attention Improve Sexual Functioning in XXXX ? A  Review of Mechanisms.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Women'] @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic cancer'] @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse'] @entity2411 :: ('MESH:D056650', 'Disease') :: ['vestibulodynia'] @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety'] @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury'] @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis'] @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['Female sexual dysfunction', 'sexual dysfunction', 'FSD']
@entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']
