@entity1290 may be removed without using a surgical incision by a combination of techniques and skills recently developed in the fields of urology and radiology. Percutaneous access to the kidney is established under fluoroscopic control. A guide wire placed into the renal pelvis allows a nephroscope to be inserted and the collecting system visualized. A long hollow metal probe is advanced through the nephroscope and placed in contact with the stone. This probe conducts the ultrasonic energy. The stone absorbs the energy and breaks into fine granules which are evacuated by suction. Percutaneous lithotomy was performed upon 300 of 302 consecutive @entity1 bearing stones which required removal. Targeted calculi were successfully removed from 97 per cent of these @entity1 . Eighty-one per cent had complete stone removal at the primary procedure; 57 @entity1 required additional percutaneous manipulations under local or general anesthesia. The previous 100 @entity1 with @entity1290 underwent surgical removal of the calculi. Complications associated with percutaneous stone removal included @entity86 , delayed @entity548 , ureteral @entity4 , symptomatic urinary extravasation and @entity11896 . Only 16 @entity1 with complications required prolonged hospitalization or readmission. No complications required surgical management; no @entity204 occurred. Anesthetic times were similar for both groups, averaging 152 +/- 4 (S. E. M.) minutes for PL and 193 +/- 8 minutes for SL. Hospital recovery days averaged 5.7 +/- 0.3 for PL and 8.4 +/- 0.5 for SL (p less than 0.01). Associated costs averaged  7,203 +/- 255 for PL and  8,849 +/- 660 for SL (p less than 0.01). The number of narcotic administrations per @entity1 (days one to five postoperatively) averaged 9.9 +/- 0.7 for the PL group and 16.8 +/- 0.8 for the SL group (p less than 0.01). The average @entity1 in the PL group felt capable of full activity 2.0 +/- 0.2 weeks after stone removal, whereas no @entity1 who experienced previous SL recalls a recovery period of less than three weeks (p less than 0.01). Most upper urinary tract calculi may be removed cost-effectively using a percutaneous approach. @entity1 may expect a rapid convalescence with diminished @entity158 .

Percutaneous ultrasonic versus surgical XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity11896 :: ('MESH:D014869', 'Disease') :: ['water intoxication'] @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bleeding'] @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema'] @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stones', 'Kidney stones'] @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fever'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths']
@entity1290 :: (MESH:D007669,Disease) :: ['removal of kidney stones']
