The association of kefir microbiota was observed by electron microscopic examination. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations revealed that kefir grain surface is very rough and the inner portions had scattered irregular holes on its surface. The interior of the grain comprised fibrillar materials which were interpreted as protein, lipid and a soluble polysaccharide, the kefiran complex that surrounds @entity375 and bacteria in the grain. @entity375 was observed more clearly than bacteria on the outer portion of the grain. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observations of kefir revealed that the grain comprised a mixed culture of @entity375 and bacteria growing in close association with each other. Microbiota is dominated by budded and long-flattened @entity375 cells growing together with lactobacilli and lactococci bacteria. Bacterial cells with rounded ends were also observed in this mixed culture. Kefir grains, kefir suspensions, and kefiran were tested for antimicrobial activities against several bacterial and fungal species. The highest activity was obtained against @entity797 KR6 and @entity12069 CZ1. Growth of @entity11792 AH3 producing for @entity4078 for 10 days in broth medium supplemented with varying concentrations of kefir filtrate (%, v/v) showed that sporulation was completely inhibited at the higher concentrations of kefir filtrate (7-10%, v/v). The average values of both mycelial dry weights and @entity4078 were completely inhibited at 10% (v/v). This is the first in vitro study about the antifungal characteristics of kefir against filamentous fungi which was manifested by applying its inhibitory effect on the productivity of @entity4078 by A. flavus AH3.

Milk kefir: ultrastructure, antimicrobial activity and efficacy on @entity4078 production by XXXX .

@entity11792 :: ('5059', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus flavus'] @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus faecalis'] @entity12069 :: ('5518', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium graminearum'] @entity4078 :: ('MESH:D016604', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin B1'] @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Yeast']
@entity11792 :: (5059,Species) :: ['Aspergillus flavus']
