Radiation exposure due to radiological terrorism and military circumstances are a continuing threat for the civilian population. In an uncontrolled radiation event, it is likely that there will be other types of injury involved, including @entity130 . While radiation combined injury is recognized as an area of great significance, overall there is a paucity of information regarding the mechanisms underlying the interactions between irradiation and other forms of injury, or what countermeasures might be effective in ameliorating such changes. The objective of this study was to determine if difluoromethylornithine ( @entity11747 ) could reduce the adverse effects of single or combined injury if administered beginning 24 h after exposure. Eight-week-old C57BL/J6 young-adult male @entity19 received whole-body cesium-137 ((137)Cs) irradiation with 4 Gy. Immediately after irradiation, unilateral @entity131 was induced using a controlled cortical impact system. Forty-four days postirradiation, animals were tested for hippocampus-dependent cognitive performance in the Morris water maze. After cognitive testing, animals were euthanized and their brains snap frozen for immunohistochemical assessment of neuroinflammation (activated microglia) and neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Our data show that single and combined injuries induced variable degrees of hippocampus-dependent @entity73 , and when given 24 h post @entity130 , @entity11747 treatment ameliorated those effects. Cellular changes including neurogenesis and numbers of activated microglia were generally not associated with the cognitive changes. Further analyses also revealed that @entity11747 increased hippocampal protein levels of the antioxidants @entity15052 and @entity19522 compared to vehicle treated animals. While the mechanisms responsible for the improvement in cognition after @entity11747 treatment are not yet clear, these results constitute a basis for further development of @entity11747 as a countermeasure for ameliorating the of risks for @entity73 in individuals subjected to @entity130 and radiation combined injury.

Delayed administration of alpha-difluoromethylornithine prevents hippocampus-dependent XXXX after single and combined injury in @entity19 .

@entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice'] @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction'] @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma'] @entity19522 :: ('11757(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['peroxiredoxin 3'] @entity15052 :: ('22166(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['thioredoxin 1'] @entity11747 :: ('CHEBI:41948', 'Chemical') :: ['DFMO']
@entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']
