@entity161 is a life-long debilitating @entity146 affecting tens of millions of @entity1 worldwide. The serendipitous discovery of antipsychotics focused pharmaceutical research on developing a better antipsychotic. Our understanding of the disorder has advanced however, with the knowledge that @entity73 are required for @entity1 in order to improve their everyday lives. While antipsychotics treat @entity716 , they do not enhance cognition and hence are not antischizophrenics. Developing pro-cognitive therapeutics has been extremely difficult, however, especially when no approved treatment exists. In lieu of stumbling on an efficacious treatment, developing targeted compounds can be facilitated by understanding the neural mechanisms underlying altered cognitive functioning in @entity1 . Equally importantly, these cognitive domains will need to be measured similarly in animals and @entity1 so that novel targets can be tested prior to conducting expensive clinical trials. To date, the limited similarity of testing across species has resulted in a translational bottleneck. In this review, we emphasize that @entity161 is a disorder characterized by abnormal @entity73 . Quantifying these abnormalities using tasks having cross-species validity would enable the quantification of comparable processes in rodents. This approach would increase the likelihood that the neural substrates underlying relevant behaviors will be conserved across species. Hence, we detail cross-species tasks which can be used to test the effects of manipulations relevant to @entity161 and putative therapeutics. Such tasks offer the hope of providing a bridge between non-clinical and clinical testing that will eventually lead to treatments developed specifically for @entity1 with @entity73 .

Developing treatments for XXXX in @entity161 : the challenge of translation.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'people'] @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorder'] @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive enhancers', 'deficient cognition', 'cognitive behavior'] @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia'] @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']
@entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive deficits']
