OBJECTIVES: To determine the clinical status, with respect to @entity158 indices and disability level, of chronic @entity2704 @entity1 with medication overuse who were treated 3 years previously. BACKGROUND: @entity1 who have chronic @entity2704 accompanied by medication overuse are particularly difficult to treat. Investigations are limited in number, few have included follow-up beyond 6 months, and almost none have examined whether treatment leads to concurrent improvements in @entity73 . In a prior report, we described the clinical course of 84 such @entity1 followed for 1 full year after treatment. METHODS: These same 84 @entity1 were followed for 2 additional years to assess longer term maintenance of effects, using measurement procedures identical to those in the original investigation. RESULTS: Both endpoint and completer analyses revealed significant improvement on all measures studied- @entity10 days per month, analgesic consumption, and MIDAS scores (Total, @entity10 Frequency, and @entity10 Intensity)-with some loss of benefits over time for the @entity158 indices. MIDAS total scores, however, were lower at 36 months than at 6 months. Comparisons of those who completed the 3-year follow-up to those who did not revealed few differences at baseline. All of this suggests attrition did not have a bearing on outcome. DISCUSSION: High levels of maintenance were revealed at 3 years. Even though reports of @entity158 revealed some lessening of effects, this was not accompanied by reports of deterioration in functioning. This suggests that @entity1 have learned to adapt and adjust to @entity10 in their daily lives.

Disability in chronic XXXX with medication overuse: treatment effects at 3 years.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['disability and functional impairment'] @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine'] @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain'] @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches', 'Headache']
@entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine']
