OBJECTIVE: To find out the molecular mechanisms of togenesis, especially @entity601 ( @entity601 ) caused by @entity4854 and @entity61911 . METHODS: @entity19 were raised with a ratio of 2:1 between females and males. Forty-five pregnant female @entity19 were randomly divided into 5 groups: blank control group (without any treatment), high- @entity413 group (treated with subcutaneous injection of 25% @entity413 ), @entity413 -control group (n = 12, treated with subcutaneous injection of 5% @entity413 ), @entity61911 group (treated with gastric perfusion of @entity61911 ), and @entity61911 -control group (n = 11, treated with the solvent of @entity61911 ). The blood sugar was examined among the @entity19 of the first three groups on the 8th gestational day. All of the @entity19 were killed on the 15th gestational day and the embryos were taken. The existence of teras was observed. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of @entity6646 and of @entity11404 genes and immunohistochemistry was used to examine the @entity6646 and @entity11404 proteins in the embryos. RESULTS: The blood sugar of the pregnant @entity19 in the high- @entity413 group was 13.4 mmol/L +/- 0.8 mmol/L, significantly higher than those in the 2 control groups (4.9 mmol/L +/- 0.4 mmol/L and 4.8 mmol/L +/- 0.4 mmol/L respectively, both P < 0.01). The teras rate, absorbed embryo rate and still embryo rate in high- @entity413 group were significantly higher than those in the 2 control groups (all P < 0.01). The embryo weight of the high- @entity413 group was significantly lower. The expression of @entity6646 in the @entity4854 group was significantly lower than those in the 2 control groups (both P < 0.01), while the expression of @entity11404 in high- @entity413 group was significantly higher than those in the 2 control groups (both P < 0.01). In the @entity61911 group, the expression of @entity6646 was not significantly different from, and the expression of @entity11404 was significantly higher than those in the 2 control groups. CONCLUSION: @entity4854 is induced in nondiabetic pregnant @entity19 by subcutaneous @entity413 injection, and elevated @entity413 appears to be critical in the @entity6 . @entity1602 episodes disturb the essential embryonic control genes: decrease the expression of @entity6646 gene and increase the expression of @entity11404 gene, thus causing @entity154 . @entity61911 induces @entity601 by increasing the expression of @entity11404 .

[Expression of XXXX and @entity11404 in NTD embryos induced by @entity4854 ].

@entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects'] @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic embryopathy'] @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mice'] @entity61911 :: ('CHEBI:39467', 'Chemical') :: ['thiadiazole', 'Thiadiazole'] @entity11404 :: ('14611(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Cx43'] @entity6646 :: ('18505(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Pax3'] @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperglycemic'] @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['NTDs', 'neural tube defects'] @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia'] @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']
@entity6646 :: (18505(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Pax3']
