In order to evaluate cardiac contractile reserve, echocardiographic studies were performed on 59 @entity1 with acquired @entity340 and 13 @entity1 with @entity118 . After @entity1425 loading, the 59 @entity1 were classified into three groups. In group I, echocardiographically-obtained left ventricular posterior wall excursion (PWE) remained below 10 mm after the administration of 2 microgram/min @entity1425 . This group included @entity1 with PWE below 10 mm after 1 microgram/min @entity1425 loading but who could not endure the 2 microgram/min infusion because of significant adverse effects. In group II, PWE was less than 10 mm before the loading, but exceeded 10 mm after the administration of 1 or 2 microgram/min @entity1425 loading. In group III, PWE exceeded 10 mm without stress. The conclusions derived from our data are as follows: The PWE and mean left ventricular posterior wall velocity (mPWV) obtained by echocardiography reflect the @entity64 volume derived from the thermodilution technique. It is possible to estimate the cardiac contractile force in @entity1 who have a paradoxical motion of the interventricular septum, in the preoperative and even in the early postoperative periods. @entity1 whose PWE and mPWV are less than 10 mm and 35 mm/sec, respectively, after 2 microgram/min loading of @entity1425 (group I), are likely to have severe @entity712 after surgery. Inotropic stimulation is considered to be a very useful indicator for prediction of cardiac contractile reserve. @entity1 having decreased PWE, mPWV, mVcf and EF before surgery may have arrested recovery in both short- or long-term follow-up. However, surgical treatment is recommended for these @entity1 with low cardiac function, because some improvement can be expected after surgery.

Contractile reserve of @entity340 echocardiographically evaluated by XXXX loading before and after cardiac surgery.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients'] @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke'] @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure'] @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine'] @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect'] @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']
@entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']
