The effects of smoking on the onset and clinical course of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) have been widely debated. Although smoking appears to have a clearly unfavorable effect on the course in @entity30 ( @entity30 ), the relationship between smoking and localization of the disease is less clear. AIM: To evaluate, in our group of @entity1 , the relationship between smoking and the development of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) or @entity30 , and between smoking and the localization of @entity30 in the large bowel or in other sites. @entity1 AND METHODS: The smoking habits of 171 @entity1 at the time of diagnosis were assessed with a questionnaire. Subjects were classified into three subgroups as smokers, nonsmokers and ex-smokers. Current smokers were grouped according to their level of consumption as those who smoked fewer than or more than 10 cigarettes per day. A total of 161 @entity1 were studied ( @entity31 n = 69, @entity30 n = 92). @entity1 with @entity30 were divided into those with @entity1049 and those with no colonic involvement. We evaluated the relationship between smoking and the form of @entity29 , localization (colonic or noncolonic) and the presence of perianal disease (PAD) in @entity30 . The results were analyzed with the chi-squared test. RESULTS: Smoking was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity30 than in those with @entity31 (72.8% vs 31.9%). Among @entity1 with @entity30 , more @entity1 without colonic involvement were smokers (84.6% vs 64.2%). However, among @entity1 with @entity30 involving the colon, smoking was significantly more common (64.2%) than among @entity1 who had @entity31 (31.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm a relationship between smoking and @entity30 . Smoking seems to be associated with some degree of protection of the @entity694 , especially in heavy smokers.

Relationship between smoking and colonic involvement in XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS'] @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC'] @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD'] @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mucosa'] @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's Disease"] @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic disease']
@entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']
