BACKGROUND: The problem of whether surgical or conservative treatment is indicated for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) has not been analyzed from the viewpoint of long-term development of @entity20332 from @entity1575 to @entity1575 . Although transcatheter @entity1416 (TAE) for hemostasis followed by two-stage hepatectomy has been established as the best treatment for @entity157 , there still remain difficulties in the treatment of some @entity1 . METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with @entity157 who were surgically or conservatively treated were retrospectively analyzed in terms of modality of treatment, liver function, extension of @entity157 , complications, survival rate, and cause of @entity204 . RESULTS: @entity5 can occur either in the early phase or in the terminal phase during the development from @entity1575 to @entity1575 , while @entity5 rupture occurs at the advanced stage in terms of @entity157 extension. TAE for emergent hemostasis or prevention of re-bleeding was performed in ten @entity1 , while TAE was contraindicated in one @entity1 and emergent laparotomy for hemostasis was performed in one @entity1 . In four @entity1 , elective extended surgical resection was performed, because liver function was evaluated as clinical stage 1 according to the General rules for the clinical and pathological study of primary @entity96 of the @entity96 Study Group of Japan. In seven @entity1 , conservative or medical treatment was selected, because liver function was evaluated as poor. The surgically treated group, who could tolerate extensive operation, survived longer than the conservatively treated group. CONCLUSIONS: While TAE remains the best method to employ for hemostasis, it still has limitations. Hence, we should be mindful of other possible modalities for hemostasis and their outcomes. Rupture of @entity157 at an early phase in the development of @entity1575 is a good indication for elective surgical treatment and should be distinguished from rupture in the terminal phase of @entity1575 , which should be treated conservatively. Although elective surgical treatment can be performed in selected @entity1 , @entity5 size and location of @entity157 , in addition to liver function, should be taken into consideration.

Treatment of XXXX .

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient'] @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer', 'Liver Cancer'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor rupture'] @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization'] @entity20332 :: ('MESH:D006525', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis viral infection'] @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis', 'liver cirrhosis'] @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma', 'HCC', 'ruptured HCC'] @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death']
@entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma']
