CONTEXT: Salsola imbricata Forssk. (Chenopodiaceae) has folkloric repute for the treatment of various @entity344 . OBJECTIVE: The present study investigates spasmolytic and bronchorelaxant effects of S. imbricata. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The crude aqueous- @entity1068 extract of the aerial parts of S. imbricata and its fractions, in cumulative concentrations (0.01-10   mg/mL), were tested on contractions of isolated @entity95 jejunum and tracheal preparations. Furthermore, concentration response curves (CRCs) of @entity141 and @entity5402 were constructed in the absence and presence of the extract. Standard organ bath methods were used. RESULTS: The crude extract relaxed spontaneous, K(+   )(80   mM) and @entity5402 (1    M)-induced contractions in jejunum preparations with respective EC50 values of 0.40 (0.35-0.46), 0.69 (0.60-0.79) and 0.66 (0.57-0.75) mg/mL. It shifted @entity141 CRCs rightward in nonparallel manner. In isolated tracheal preparations, the crude extract caused relaxation of @entity3529 (+   )(80   mM) and @entity5402 (1    M)-induced contractions with EC50 values of 0.86 (0.75-0.98) and 0.74 (0.66-0.84) mg/mL, respectively. It displaced @entity5402 CRCs rightward with suppression of maximal response. In both tissues, pretreatment with @entity1169 (1    M) caused rightward shift in inhibitory CRCs of the extract against @entity5402 -induced contractions. The @entity1046 fraction was found more potent in relaxing smooth muscle contractions than the parent extract and its aqueous fraction. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the spasmolytic and bronchorelaxant activities of S. imbricata are related to @entity141 antagonistic and b-adrenergic agonistic effects, thus justifying some of the traditional uses of the plant.

Antispasmodic and bronchorelaxant activities of Salsola imbricata are mediated through dual XXXX antagonistic and b-adrenergic agonistic effects.

@entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol'] @entity3529 :: ('D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['K'] @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate'] @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit'] @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and respiratory ailments'] @entity141 :: ('CHEBI:29108', 'Chemical') :: ['Ca(+2)'] @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['ethanol'] @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']
@entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca(+2)']
