BACKGROUND: Establishing the preoperative diagnosis and long-term prognosis of @entity259 ( @entity259 ) remain challenging in some @entity1 . Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are @entity5 -induced cells mediating immune tolerance that are detectable in the peripheral blood of @entity5 @entity1 . The authors previously developed a novel clinical assay to detect the phenotypes of two @entity1 MDSC subsets in peripheral blood, and hypothesize that higher MDSC levels measured by this assay correlate positively with both @entity5 and worse @entity1 outcomes. METHODS: A prospective observational pilot study was performed of @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy for a solitary thyroid nodule. The presence of a thyroid nodule >1   cm was confirmed sonographically, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy performed prior to surgery in all cases. Peripheral blood collected preoperatively was analyzed using a novel flow cytometry-based immunoassay to detect and quantify two subsets of @entity1 MDSC. Circulating MDSC levels were compared by histopathologic diagnosis, stage, and presence of persistent disease after treatment. RESULTS: Of 50 @entity1 included in this study, MDSC measurement was successful in 47 (94%). One @entity1 was found to have a concurrent @entity5 , leaving 46 @entity1 for primary analysis. The cytologic diagnoses were benign in five (10.8%), atypia or follicular lesion of undetermined significance in five (10.8%), suspicious for @entity5 in five (10.8%), suspicious for malignant in three (6.5%), and malignant in 28 (60.1%) of the 46 nodules. Final histopathology was benign in 11 (24%) and @entity259 in 35 (76%), encompassing 34 @entity3557 cases and one @entity259 . Mean percentages of @entity9536 (+)HLA-DR(low)HIF1a(+) MDSC ( @entity9536 (+)MDSC) were 14.0        6.2% and 7.9        3.6% in @entity259 versus benign nodules, respectively (p   <   0.005). A cutoff of 12% yielded a specificity of 0.91, a sensitivity of 0.72, and a likelihood ratio of 7.9. Mean @entity9536 (+)MDSC levels increased linearly with higher TNM stage (p   <   0.01), and were 19.4        5.4 in @entity1 with persistent @entity5 after surgery compared with 13.2        6.8 in those without evidence of disease (p   <   0.05). CONCLUSION: MDSC measurement using this flow cytometry-based assay represents a novel approach for preoperatively assessing @entity5 risk and @entity5 extent in @entity1 with thyroid nodules. While further validation is needed, these data suggest that MDSC assessment may serve as a useful adjunct when cytology is indeterminate, and predict @entity5 stage and recurrence risk in cases of @entity259 .

Circulating Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Predict Differentiated XXXX Diagnosis and Extent.

@entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient'] @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['PTC'] @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'follicular neoplasm', 'malignancy'] @entity9536 :: ('3684', 'Gene') :: ['CD11b'] @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['DTC', 'thyroid cancer', 'follicular thyroid carcinoma', 'differentiated thyroid cancer']
@entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid Cancer']
