Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Predicting Early Dose Titration With Tocilizumab
Condition: Rheumatoid Arthritis
MeSH terms: Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid
Intervention: Tocilizumab
Intervention description: All subjects will start at 4mg/kg. After 3 months, if DAS28 > 3.2, dosage will be escalated to 8 mg/kg.
Phase: Phase 4
Study type: Interventional
Primary purpose: Other
Intervention model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Enrollment: 74.0
Sex: All
Minimum age: 18 Years
Healthy volunteers: No
Keywords: Rheumatoid Arthritis

Summary:

      The purpose of this research study is to determine if a change in inflammation or baseline
      inflammation seen on the ultrasound is a good indicator of how rheumatoid arthritis patients
      respond to TCZ 4mg/kg and whether early prediction of dose escalation is possible by
      utilizing ultrasound inflammatory measures.
    

Eligibility criteria:

        Inclusion Criteria

        Patients must have rheumatoid arthritis. Patients will be included in the trial based on
        the following criteria:

          1. Patient must meet 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria,

          2. Age > 18 years of age,

          3. Baseline DAS28/ESR>4.4,

          4. Stable concomitant DMARDs for more than 1 month (methotrexate, leflunomide, plaquenil,
             sulfasalazine, or no DMARDs). However, if the patient is not on DMARD, history of
             DMARD use required.

               1. If not on DMARD (and the patient satisfies the above statement), the patient can
                  opt for monotherapy with tocilizumab or combination therapy OR

               2. If on biologic monotherapy, can opt for monotherapy with tocilizumab or DMARD
                  combination therapy (ie. patients cannot be on biologic with TCZ)

        6) Power Doppler score of >10 at screening.

        General Medical Concerns:

          -  Normal organ function, except if abnormal due to the disease under investigation

          -  Men and women of reproductive potential must agree to use an acceptable method of
             birth control during treatment and for six months after completion of treatment.

          -  Subject has provided written informed consent.

        Exclusion Criteria

        A patient will be excluded if the answer to any of the following statements is "yes".

        General:

          1. Major surgery (including joint surgery) within 8 weeks prior to baseline or planned
             major surgery within 6 months after baseline.

             Excluded Previous or Concomitant Therapy:

          2. Treatment with any investigational agent within 4 weeks (or 5 half-lives of the
             investigational drug, whichever is longer) of baseline.

          3. Previous treatment with any cell-depleting therapies, including investigational agents
             or approved therapies, some examples are CAMPATH, anti-CD4, anti-CD5, anti-CD3.

          4. Previous treatment with anti-CD19 and anti-CD20 within 6 months of start of the study.

          5. Treatment with intravenous gamma globulin, plasmapheresis or Prosorba column within 6
             months of baseline.

          6. Immunization with a live/attenuated vaccine within 4 weeks prior to baseline.

          7. Previous treatment with TCZ.

          8. Any previous treatment with alkylating agents such as chlorambucil, or with total
             lymphoid irradiation.

          9. Use of prednisone > 10mg at baseline.

             Exclusions for General Safety:

         10. History of severe allergic or anaphylactic reactions to human, humanized or murine
             monoclonal antibodies.

         11. Evidence of serious uncontrolled concomitant cardiovascular, nervous system, pulmonary
             (including obstructive pulmonary disease), renal, hepatic, endocrine (include
             uncontrolled diabetes mellitus) or gastrointestinal disease (including complicated
             diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis, or Crohn's disease.)

         12. Current liver disease as determined by principal investigator unless related to
             primary disease under investigation

         13. Known active current or history of recurrent bacterial, viral, fungal, mycobacterial
             or other infections (including but not limited to tuberculosis and atypical
             mycobacterial disease, Hepatitis B and C, and herpes zoster, but excluding fungal
             infections of nail beds).

         14. Any major episode of infection requiring hospitalization or treatment with IV
             antibiotics within 4 weeks of baseline or oral antibiotics within 2 weeks prior to
             baseline.

         15. Active Tuberculosis (TB) requiring treatment within the previous 3 years. Patients
             should be screened for latent TB and, if positive, treated following local practice
             guidelines prior to initiating TCZ. Patients treated for tuberculosis with no
             recurrence in 3 years are permitted.

         16. Primary or secondary immunodeficiency (history of or currently active) unless related
             to primary disease under investigation.

         17. Evidence of active malignant disease, malignancies diagnosed within the previous 5
             years (including hematological malignancies and solid tumors, except basal and
             squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri that has
             been excised and cured), or breast cancer diagnosed within the previous 5 years.

         18. Pregnant women or nursing (breast feeding) mothers.

         19. Patients with reproductive potential not willing to use an effective method of
             contraception.

         20. History of alcohol, drug or chemical abuse within 1 year prior to screening.

         21. Neuropathies or other conditions that might interfere with pain evaluation unless
             related to primary disease under investigation.

         22. Patients with lack of peripheral venous access.

         23. Body weight of > 150 kg.

             Laboratory Exclusion criteria (at screening):

         24. Serum creatinine > 1.6 mg/dL (141 µmol/L) in female patients and > 1.9 mg/dL (168
             µmol/L) in male patients. Patients with serum creatinine values exceeding limits may
             be eligible for the study if their estimated glomerular filtration rates (GFR) are
             >30.

         25. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) > 1.5 times upper
             limit of normal (ULN)

         26. Total Bilirubin > ULN

         27. Platelet count < 100 x 109/L (100,000/mm3)

         28. Hemoglobin < 85 g/L (8.5 g/dL; 5.3 mmol/L)

         29. White Blood Cells < 3.0 x 109/L (3000/mm3)

         30. Absolute Neutrophil Count < 2.0 x 109/L (2000/mm3)

         31. Absolute Lymphocyte Count < 0.5 x 109/L (500/mm3)

         32. Positive Hepatitis BsAg, or Hepatitis C antibody

         33. HIV positive