Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Aclidinium Bromide/Formoterol Fumarate Fixed-Dose Combination
Condition: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
MeSH terms: Lung Diseases; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
Intervention: Aclidinium Bromide/Formoterol Fumarate; Aclidinium Bromide/Formoterol Fumarate; Aclidinium Bromide; Placebo; Formoterol Fumarate
Intervention description: Inhaled Aclidinium/formoterol Fixed Dose Combination (FDC) low dose (400/6 μg), twice per day; Inhaled Aclidinium/formoterol FDC high dose (400/12 μg), twice per day; Inhaled Aclidinium 400 μg, twice per day; Inhaled dose-matched placebo, twice per day; Inhaled Formoterol 12 μg, twice per day
Intervention MeSH terms: Bromides; Formoterol Fumarate
Phase: Phase 3
Study type: Interventional
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment: 2443.0
Sex: All
Minimum age: 40 Years
Healthy volunteers: No
Keywords: COPD; Bronchitis; Chronic; Emphysema

Summary:

      The objective is to provide data supporting the use of LAS40464 as an efficacious and safe
      maintenance bronchodilator treatment of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
      (COPD).
    

Eligibility criteria:

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Adult male or non-pregnant, non-lactating female aged ≥40. Women of childbearing
             potential are allowed to enter the trial if they show to have a negative serum
             pregnancy test at the Screening Visit and are using, during the last two months before
             the Screening Visit, at least one medically approved and highly effective method of
             birth control defined as those which result in a low failure rate (i.e less than 1%
             per year) when used consistently and correctly such as implants, injectables, oral
             contraceptives combined with at least one barrier method, hormonal Intrauterine
             Devices (IUDs), sexual abstinence or vasectomy of the partner.

          -  Current or ex-cigarette smoker, with a smoking history of at least 10 pack-years.

          -  Patient with a clinical diagnosis of stable COPD according to the Global Initiative
             for Chronic Lung Disease "GOLD" Guidelines at the Screening Visit.

          -  Patient whose FEV1/FVC (Forced Vital Capacity) at the Screening Visit measured between
             10-15 minutes post inhalation of 400 micrograms of salbutamol is < 70% (i.e., 100 x
             Post-salbutamol FEV1 /FVC < 70%).

          -  Patient with a diagnosis of moderate to severe COPD according to the GOLD Guidelines
             classification (stages II and III) at the Screening Visit: FEV1 measured between 10-15
             minutes post inhalation of 400 micro grams of salbutamol is 30% < FEV1 < 80% of the
             predicted normal value (i.e., 100 x Post-salbutamol FEV1/ Predicted FEV1 must be < 80%
             and ≥ 30%).

          -  Patient must be able to perform repeatable pulmonary function testing for FEV1
             according to American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society "ATS/ERS" 2005
             criteria at Screening Visit.

          -  Patient who is eligible and able to participate in the trial and who consent to do so
             in writing after the purpose and nature of the investigation have been explained.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  History or current diagnosis of asthma.

          -  Any respiratory tract infection (including the upper respiratory tract) or COPD
             exacerbation in the 6 weeks before Screening Visit.

          -  Patient hospitalised for COPD exacerbation within 3 months prior to Screening Visit.

          -  Clinically significant respiratory conditions defined as:

               -  Known active tuberculosis.

               -  History of interstitial lung or massive pulmonary thromboembolic disease.

               -  Pulmonary resection or lung volume reduction surgery within 12 months prior to
                  Screening Visit.

               -  History of lung transplantation.

               -  History of bronchiectasis secondary to respiratory diseases others than COPD
                  (e.g., cystic fibrosis, Kartagener's syndrome, etc).

               -  Known a1-antitrypsin deficiency.

          -  Patients who in the Investigator's opinion might have needed to start a pulmonary
             rehabilitation program during the study and/or patients who started/finished it within
             3 months prior to screening.

          -  Use of long-term oxygen therapy (≥ 15 hours/day).

          -  Patients who did not maintain regular day/night, waking/sleeping cycles including
             night shift workers (eg, history of sleep apnoea syndrome, any condition related to
             sleep disturbances such as restless-legs syndrome or somnambulism).

          -  Clinically significant cardiovascular conditions defined as:

               -  Myocardial infarction within the 6 months prior to screening.

               -  Thoracic surgery within 12 months prior to screening.

               -  Unstable angina or unstable arrhythmia which had required changes in the
                  pharmacological therapy or other intervention within 12 months prior to
                  screening, or newly diagnosed arrhythmia within the previous 3 months prior to
                  screening.

               -  Hospitalisation within 12 months prior to screening for heart failure functional
                  classes III (marked limitation of activity and only comfortable at rest) and IV
                  (need of complete rest, confinement to bed or chair, discomfort at any physical
                  activity and presence of symptoms at rest) as per the New York Heart Association.

          -  Patients (with or without pharmacological therapy) with resting systolic blood
             pressure (SBP)

             ≥200 mmHg, a resting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥120 mmHg, or a resting heart rate
             ≥105 beats per minute (bpm) at screening and at Visit 1 prior to randomisation.

          -  Patients with interval corrected for heart rate "QTc" [calculated according to
             formulae (QTc=QT/RR1/2) > 470 msec as indicated in the centralised reading report
             assessed at Screening Visit.

          -  Patients with clinically relevant abnormalities in the clinical laboratory tests, ECG
             parameters (other than QT interval corrected using Bazett's formula [QTcB]) or in the
             physical examination at screening, if the abnormality defined a disease state listed
             as exclusion criteria, except for those related to COPD.

          -  Patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to inhaled anticholinergics,
             sympathomimetic amines, or inhaled medication or any component thereof (including
             report of paradoxical bronchospasm). Patients with known narrow-angle glaucoma,
             symptomatic bladder neck obstruction or acute urinary retention.

          -  Patients with symptomatic non-stable prostate hypertrophy. (However, patients with
             well-controlled, stable, asymptomatic benign prostatic hypertrophy were not excluded).

          -  Patients with known uncontrolled history of infection with human immunodeficiency
             virus and/or active hepatitis.

          -  Current diagnosis of cancer other than basal or squamous cell skin cancer.

          -  Life expectancy of less than 1 year.

          -  Patients with any other serious or uncontrolled physical or mental dysfunction that,
             as judged by the Investigator, could have placed the patient at higher risk from
             his/her participation in the study, could have confounded the results of the study, or
             is likely to prevent the patient from complying with the requirements of the study, or
             completing the study.

          -  Patients with a history (within 2 years prior to screening) of drug and/or alcohol
             abuse that might have prevented study compliance based on the Investigator judgment.

          -  Patients unlikely to be cooperative (eg, take the medication, complete the Patient
             Diaries or attend the clinic at the required times).

          -  Patients unable to properly use a DPI or pMDI inhaler device or to perform spirometry
             measurements.

          -  Patients previously randomised in a study involving aclidinium bromide/formoterol FDC.

          -  Patients previously randomised in a study involving aclidinium bromide monotherapy
             except when participation finished at least 6 months before screening.

          -  Patients treated with any investigational drug within 30 days (or 6 half-lives,
             whichever is longer) prior to screening.

          -  Patients who intended to use any concomitant medication not permitted by this protocol
             or who had not undergone the required washout period for a particular prohibited
             medication.

          -  Patients unable to give consent, or patients of consenting age but under guardianship,
             or vulnerable patients.

          -  Patients employed, or relatives of employees at the study centre, Almirall or Forest
             Laboratories.

          -  Any other conditions that, in the Investigator's opinion, might have indicated the
             patient to be unsuitable for the study.