A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Ranibizumab Injection in Patients With Macular Edema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRAVO)
Condition: Macular Edema; Retinal Vein Occlusion
MeSH terms: Macular Edema; Retinal Vein Occlusion; Edema
Intervention: Ranibizumab injection 0.3 mg; Ranibizumab injection 0.5 mg; Sham injection
Intervention description: Ranibizumab injection 0.3 mg in a single-dose regimen given every month (Day 0 through the Month 5 visit), for a total of six injections.; Ranibizumab injection 0.5 mg in a single-dose regimen given every month (Day 0 through the Month 5 visit), for a total of six injections.; Sham injection in a single-dose regimen given every month (Day 0 through the Month 5 visit), for a total of six sham injections.
Intervention MeSH terms: Ranibizumab
Phase: Phase 3
Study type: Interventional
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment: 397.0
Sex: All
Minimum age: 18 Years
Healthy volunteers: No
Keywords: Lucentis; RVO; BRVO; Edema

Summary:

      This was a Phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, sham injection-controlled study
      of the efficacy and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab compared with sham injections in
      patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO); 397 patients
      with BRVO were enrolled at 93 investigational sites in the United States. The study included
      a treatment period (6 months) and an observation period (6 months).
    

Eligibility criteria:

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Willingness to provide signed Informed Consent Form

          -  Age ≥ 18 years

          -  For sexually active women of childbearing potential, use of an appropriate form of
             contraception (or abstinence) for the duration of the study

          -  Ability and willingness to return for all scheduled visits and assessments

        Ocular Inclusion Criterion (Study Eye):

          -  Foveal center-involved macular edema secondary to BRVO

          -  BCVA using ETDRS charts of 20/40 to 20/400 (Snellen equivalent)

          -  Mean central subfield thickness ≥ 250 μm on two optical coherence tomography (OCT)
             measurements (at screening [confirmed by the central reading center] and Day 0
             [confirmed by the evaluating physician])

          -  Media clarity, pupillary dilation, and participant cooperation sufficient to obtain
             adequate fundus photographs

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  History of cerebral vascular accident or myocardial infarction within 3 months prior
             to Day 0

          -  History of any anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment in fellow eye
             within 3 months prior to Day 0

          -  History of any systemic anti-VEGF or pro-VEGF treatment within 6 months prior to Day 0

          -  History of allergy to fluorescein

          -  History of allergy to ranibizumab injection or related molecule

          -  Relevant systemic disease that may be associated with increased systemic VEGF levels
             (namely, all active malignancies); history of successfully treated malignancies is not
             an exclusion criterion

          -  Uncontrolled blood pressure

          -  Pregnancy or lactation

          -  Any condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would preclude participation
             in the study (e.g., chronic alcoholism or drug abuse, personality disorder or use of
             major tranquilizers, indicated difficulty in long-term follow-up, and likelihood of
             survival of less than 1 year)

          -  Participation in an investigational trial within 30 days prior to Day 0 that involved
             treatment with any drug (excluding vitamins and minerals) or device that has not
             received regulatory approval at time of study entry

        Ocular Exclusion Criteria (Study Eye):

          -  Prior episode of retinal vein occlusion (RVO)

          -  Brisk afferent pupillary defect

          -  History of radial optic neurotomy or sheathotomy

          -  History or presence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD; dry or wet form)

          -  History of any anti-VEGF treatment in the study eye within 3 months prior to Day 0

          -  History of laser photocoagulation for macular edema within 4 months prior to Day 0

          -  History of panretinal scatter photocoagulation or sector laser photocoagulation within
             3 months prior to randomization or anticipated within the next 4 months following
             randomization

          -  History of intraocular corticosteroid use within 3 months prior to Day 0

          -  History of pars plana vitrectomy

          -  History of intraocular surgery (including cataract extraction, scleral buckle, etc.)
             within 2 months prior to Day 0 or anticipated within the next 7 months following Day 0

          -  History of yttrium-aluminum-garnet capsulotomy performed within 2 months prior to Day
             0

          -  Previous filtration surgery in the study eye

          -  History of herpetic ocular infection

          -  History of ocular toxoplasmosis

          -  History of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

          -  History of idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy

          -  Evidence upon examination of vitreoretinal interface disease (e.g., vitreomacular
             traction, epiretinal membrane), either on clinical examination or OCT, thought to be
             contributing to macular edema

          -  An eye that, in the investigator's opinion, would not benefit from resolution of
             macular edema, such as eyes with foveal atrophy, dense pigmentary changes, or dense
             subfoveal hard exudates

          -  Presence of an ocular condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, might affect
             macular edema or alter visual acuity during the study (e.g., uveitis or other ocular
             inflammatory disease, neovascular glaucoma, Irvine-Gass syndrome, or prior macula-off
             rhegmatogenous retinal detachment)

          -  Visually significant hemorrhage obscuring the fovea and felt to be a major contributor
             to reduced visual acuity

          -  Presence of a substantial cataract that, in the opinion of the investigator, is likely
             to be decreasing visual acuity by 3 lines or more (i.e., a 20/40 cataract)

          -  Aphakia

          -  Relevant ocular disease that may be associated with increased intraocular VEGF levels
             (namely, uveitis, neovascular glaucoma, neovascular AMD, diabetic retinopathy,
             diabetic maculopathy, or ocular ischemic syndrome)

          -  Improvement of > 10 letters on best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between screening
             and Day 0