Dose-Finding Study of Batefenterol (GSK961081) Via Dry Powder Inhaler in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Condition: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
MeSH terms: Lung Diseases; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
Intervention: Batefenterol; Umeclidinium/ Vilanterol; Placebo
Intervention description: Batefenterol will be provided as dry white powder for inhalation via a DPI with 30 doses (2 strips with 30 blisters per strip). First strip will contain lactose and the second strip will contain batefenterol blended with lactose with a unit dose strength of 37.5 mcg, 75 mcg, 150 mcg, 300 mcg, or 600 mcg per blister; Umeclidinium/Vilanterol will be provided as dry white powder for inhalation via a DPI with 30 doses (2 strips with 30 blisters per strip). First strip will contain umeclidinium blended with lactose and magnesium stearate with a unit dose strength of 62.5 mcg per blister and the second strip will contain vilanterol blended with lactose and magnesium stearate with a unit dose strength of 25 mcg per blister; Placebo will be provided as dry white powder for inhalation via a DPI with 30 doses (2 strips with 30 blisters per strip) containing lactose
Phase: Phase 2
Study type: Interventional
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment: 325.0
Sex: All
Minimum age: 40 Years
Healthy volunteers: No
Keywords: efficacy; dry powder inhaler; vilanterol; batefenterol

Summary:

      Batefenterol is a novel bifunctional molecule that combines muscarinic antagonism and
      beta2-agonism in a single molecule. This is a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled,
      double-blind, parallel group study primarily designed to assess the dose response, efficacy
      and safety of five dose regimens of batefenterol administered via the dry powder inhaler
      (DPI) once-daily in the morning for 42 days in subjects with COPD. The information obtained
      from this study will be used to select the minimal, optimally effective and safe dose of
      batefenterol and also to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile and established pharmacodynamic
      (PD) responses of batefenterol. These data will support for future studies with batefenterol
      in COPD subjects.

      The study will consist of a pre-screening visit, screening visit; a run-in period (2 weeks),
      treatment period of 42 days and a follow-up visit 7 days post-treatment. The total duration
      of the study for each subject will be approximately 9 weeks. Approximately 460 subjects will
      be screened in order to randomize approximately 320 subjects, assuming that 280 subjects will
      complete the study. During treatment period, subjects will be randomized to one of the
      following treatments delivered via DPI once daily in the morning: Batefenterol 37.5 mcg, 75
      mcg, 150 mcg, 300 mcg and 600 mcg, umeclidinium/vilanterol (UMEC/VI) 62.5/25 mcg and placebo.
      All subjects will receive supplemental albuterol/salbutamol to be used on an as-needed basis
      (rescue medication) throughout the study.
    

Eligibility criteria:

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Type of subject: Outpatient

          -  Informed Consent: A signed and dated written informed consent prior to study
             participation

          -  Age: 40 years of age or older at Visit 1.

          -  Gender: Male and female subjects are eligible to participate in the study. Female
             subjects are eligible to participate if not pregnant (as confirmed by a negative urine
             human chorionic gonadotrophin [hCG] test), not lactating, and at least one of the
             following conditions applies:

        Non-reproductive potential defined as:

        Pre-menopausal females with one of the following: Documented tubal ligation Documented
        hysteroscopic tubal occlusion procedure with follow-up confirmation of bilateral tubal
        occlusion Hysterectomy Documented Bilateral Oophorectomy Postmenopausal defined as 12
        months of spontaneous amenorrhea. Females on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and whose
        menopausal status is in doubt will be required to use one of the highly effective
        contraception methods if they wish to continue their HRT during the study. Otherwise, they
        must discontinue HRT to allow confirmation of postmenopausal status prior to study
        enrolment.

        Reproductive potential and agrees to follow one of the options listed below 30 days prior
        to the first dose of study medication and until at least five terminal half-lives OR until
        any continuing pharmacologic effect has ended, whichever is longer after the last dose of
        study medication and completion of the follow-up visit. This list does not apply to females
        of reproductive potential with same sex partners, when this is their preferred and usual
        lifestyle or for subjects who are and will continue to be abstinent from penile-vaginal
        intercourse on a long term and persistent basis.

        Contraceptive subdermal implant that meets <1 percent (%) rate of failure per year, as
        stated in the product label Intrauterine device or intrauterine system that meets <1% rate
        of failure per year, as stated in the product label Oral Contraceptive, either combined or
        progestogen alone Injectable progestogen Contraceptive vaginal ring Percutaneous
        contraceptive patches Male partner sterilization with documentation of azoospermia prior to
        the female subjects entry into the study, and this male is the sole partner for that
        subject These allowed methods of contraception are only effective when used consistently,
        correctly and in accordance with the product label. The investigator is responsible for
        ensuring that subjects understand how to properly use these methods of contraception.

          -  Diagnosis: An established clinical history of COPD in accordance with the definition
             by the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society as follows: Chronic
             obstructive pulmonary disease is a preventable and treatable disease state
             characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow
             limitation is usually progressive and is associated with an abnormal inflammatory
             response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases, primarily caused by cigarette
             smoking.

          -  Smoking History: Current or former cigarette smokers with a history of cigarette
             smoking of >=10 pack-years. Former smokers are defined as those who have stopped
             smoking for at least 6 months prior to Visit 1. Number of pack years = (number of
             cigarettes per day / 20) x number of years smoked (e.g. 20 cigarettes per day for 10
             years, or 10 cigarettes per day for 20 years both equal 10 pack-years). Note: pipe and
             cigar cannot be used to calculate pack-year history.

          -  Severity of Disease: A post-albuterol/salbutamol FEV1/FVC ratio of <=0.70 and a
             post-albuterol/salbutamol FEV1 >=30 and <=70% of predicted normal at Visit 1.

        Note: Percent predicted will be calculated using the European Respiratory Society Global
        Lung Function Initiative reference equations.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Asthma: Subjects with a current diagnosis of asthma. (subjects with a prior history of
             asthma are eligible if they have a current diagnosis of COPD).

          -  Other Respiratory Disorders: Known respiratory disorders other than COPD including but
             not limited to alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, active tuberculosis, bronchiectasis,
             sarcoidosis, lung fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension unrelated to COPD, and interstitial
             lung disease. Allergic rhinitis is not exclusionary.

          -  Other Diseases/Abnormalities: Any significant diseases (including uncontrolled
             hypertension, diabetes and thyroid disease) that in the opinion of the investigator or
             the study medical monitor would put the safety of the subject at risk through study
             participation, or which would affect study analyses if the diseases/condition
             exacerbated during the study.

          -  Hepatitis: Presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), positive hepatitis C
             antibody test result at screening Visit 1 or within 3 months prior to first dose of
             study treatment. (subjects with positive hepatitis C antibody due to prior resolved
             disease can be enrolled only if a confirmatory negative Hepatitis C ribonucleic acid
             (RNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test is obtained).

          -  Liver Disease: Current or chronic history of liver disease, known hepatic or biliary
             abnormalities (with the exception of Gilbert's syndrome or asymptomatic gallstones).

          -  Cancer: A current malignancy or previous history of cancer in remission for <5 years
             prior to Visit 1 (localised basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin that has
             been resected is not exclusionary.) Any current or previous history of throat cancer.

          -  Chest X-Ray: A chest X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scan that reveals evidence of
             clinically significant abnormalities not believed to be due to the presence of COPD. A
             chest X-ray must be taken at Visit 1 if a chest X-ray or CT scan is not available
             within 6 months prior to Visit 1. For subjects in Germany, if a chest X-ray (or CT
             scan) is not available in the 6 months prior to Visit 1 the subject will not be
             eligible for the study.

          -  Drug Allergy: A history of hypersensitivity or allergy to any beta adrenergic
             receptor-agonist, sympathomimetic, anticholinergic/anti-muscarinic receptor
             antagonist, or lactose/milk protein, which in the opinion of the investigator or
             GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) medical monitor contraindicates study participation.

          -  Diseases Preventing Use of Anticholinergic: Medical diagnosis of narrow- angle
             glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy or bladder neck obstruction that in the opinion of the
             study investigator would prevent use of an inhaled anticholinergic.

          -  Poorly controlled COPD: defined as the occurrence of 'acute worsening of COPD that is
             managed with corticosteroid and/or antibiotics or that requires treatment prescribed
             by a physician in the 6 weeks prior to Screening (Visit 1), or 'subjects who are
             hospitalized due to acute worsening of COPD within 12 weeks of Visit 1.

          -  History of COPD exacerbation: Subjects who have had more than one exacerbation
             (moderate or severe) within the 12 months prior to Visit 1.

          -  Pneumonia and lower respiratory tract infection: Subjects with lower respiratory tract
             infection that required the use of antibiotics within 6 weeks prior to Visit 1 or
             subjects hospitalized due to pneumonia within 12 weeks of Visit 1.

          -  Lung Resection: Lung volume reduction surgery within the 12 months prior to Visit 1.

          -  12-lead ECG: An abnormal and clinically significant 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG).
             Site investigators will be provided with ECG over-read conducted by a centralized
             independent cardiologist, to assist in evaluation of subject eligibility. For this
             study, an abnormal and clinically significant ECG that would preclude a subject from
             entering the trial is defined as a 12-lead tracing that is interpreted as, but not
             limited to the criteria mentioned in the protocol.

          -  Screening Labs: Clinically significant abnormal finding from clinical chemistry or
             hematology tests at Visit 1.

          -  Medication Prior to Spirometry: Unable to with hold albuterol/salbutamol for the 4
             hour period required prior to spirometry testing at each study visit.

          -  Excluded Medications: Use of the following medications are not permitted within the
             defined time intervals prior to Visit 1 and throughout the study: depot
             corticosteroids (12 weeks), antibiotics (for lower respiratory tract infection) (6
             weeks), cytochrome P450 3A4 strong inhibitors and P-glycoprotein inhibitors (4 weeks),
             systemic, oral or parenteral corticosteroids (2 weeks), inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)
             or long-acting beta2- agonist (LABA)/ ICS combination products (2 weeks),
             phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor (roflumilast) (2 weeks), LABA/ long acting
             muscarinic receptor antagonist (LAMA) combination (eg vilanterol /umeclidinium
             bromide) (2 weeks), Once-daily beta2-agonist ( eg Olodaterol and Indacaterol) (10
             days), long acting muscarinic antagonists (eg tiotropium, aclidinium, glycopyrronium,
             umeclidinium) (7 days), theophyllines (48 h), oral leukotriene inhibitors
             (zafirlukast, montelukast, zileuton) (48 h), oral beta2-agonists long-acting (48 h),
             short-acting (12 h), inhaled long acting beta2-agonists (LABA, e.g. salmeterol,
             formoterol, indacaterol) (48 h), inhaled sodium cromoglycate or nedocromil sodium (24
             h), inhaled short acting beta2-agonists (4 h), inhaled short-acting anticholinergics
             (4 h), inhaled short-acting anticholinergic/ short-acting beta2-agonist combination
             products (4 h), any other investigational medication (30 days or within 5 drug
             half-lives [whichever is longer]).

        The complete list of excluded cytochrome P450 inhibitors and P-glycoprotein inhibitors will
        be provided in study reference manual (SRM).

        Use of study provided albuterol/salbutamol is permitted during the study, except in the
        4-hour period prior to spirometry testing.

          -  Oxygen: Use of long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) described as oxygen therapy prescribed
             for greater than 12 h a day. As-needed oxygen use (i.e. <=12 h per day) is not
             exclusionary.

          -  Nebulized Therapy: Regular use (prescribed for use every day, not for as-needed use)
             of short-acting bronchodilators (e.g. albuterol/salbutamol) via nebulized therapy.

          -  Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program: Participation in the acute phase of a pulmonary
             rehabilitation program within 4 weeks prior to Visit 1. Subjects who are in the
             maintenance phase of a pulmonary rehabilitation program are not excluded.

          -  Drug or Alcohol Abuse: A known or suspected history of alcohol or drug abuse within 2
             years prior to Visit 1.

          -  Non-compliance: Subjects at risk of non-compliance, or unable to comply with the study
             procedures. Any infirmity, disability, or geographic location that would limit
             compliance for scheduled visits.

          -  Questionable validity of consent: Subjects with a history of psychiatric disease,
             intellectual deficiency, poor motivation or other conditions that will limit the
             validity of informed consent to participate in the study

          -  Affiliation with Investigator Site: Is an investigator, sub-investigator, study
             coordinator, employee of a participating investigator or study site, or immediate
             family member of the aforementioned that is involved in this study.

          -  Inability to read: In the opinion of the investigator, any subject who is unable to
             read and/or would not be able to complete a diary.