Evaluation of Dose Response Relationship, Safety and Efficacy of GSK1278863 in Hemodialysis-dependent Subjects With Chronic Kidney Disease Associated Anemia
Condition: Anaemia
MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Anemia
Intervention: GSK1278863; Placebo; rhEPO
Intervention description: Film coated tablets containing 1 mg, 2 mg, 5 mg, or 25 mg of GSK1278863; Matching placebo tablet for GSK1278863; rhEPO will be procured from local market
Phase: Phase 2
Study type: Interventional
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Enrollment: 216.0
Sex: All
Minimum age: 18 Years
Maximum age: 99 Years
Healthy volunteers: No
Keywords: hemoglobin; recombinant human erythropoietin; Chronic kidney disease; hemodialysis; pharmacokinetics; erythropoiesis stimulating agents; Anemia; GSK1278863

Summary:

      This study is intended to evaluate the dose-response relationship of GSK1278863 over the
      first 4 weeks of treatment and evaluate the safety and efficacy of GSK1278863 over 24 weeks
      to maintain hemoglobin (Hgb) level in hemodialysis-dependent (HDD) subjects with anemia
      associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who are switched from a stable dose of
      recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO). The data generated will enable selection of the
      starting dose(s) and optimize dose adjustment regimen(s) for Phase 3 clinical trials.
    

Eligibility criteria:

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  - Subjects are eligible if they meet all of the inclusion criteria below:

          -  General criteria

          -  Age: >=18 years of age. (Week -4 verification only)

          -  Gender: Female and male subjects. (Week -4 verification only) Females: If of
             childbearing potential, must agree to use one of the approved contraception methods,
             from Screening until completion of the Follow-up Visit OR of non-childbearing
             potential defined as pre-menopausal females with a documented tubal ligation,
             hysterectomy, or oophorectomy; or postmenopausal defined as 12 months of spontaneous
             amenorrhea [in questionable cases a blood sample with simultaneous follicle
             stimulating hormone (FSH) 23.0-116.3 International units per liter (IU/L) and
             estradiol <=10 picomole per liter (pmol/L) is confirmatory]. Females on hormone
             replacement therapy (HRT) whose menopausal status is in doubt will be required to use
             one of the approved contraception methods if they wish to continue their HRT during
             the study. Otherwise they must discontinue HRT to allow confirmation of
             post-menopausal status prior to study enrolment. For most forms of HRT, at least 2
             weeks must elapse between the cessation of therapy and the blood draw; this interval
             depends on the type and dosage of HRT. Following confirmation of their post-menopausal
             status, they can resume use of HRT during the study without use of a contraceptive
             method;

          -  Q-T Interval Corrected for Heart Rate (QTc): Bazett's Correction of QT Interval (QTcB)
             <470 millisecond (msec) or QTcB <480 msec in subjects with bundle branch block. There
             is no QTc inclusion criterion for a subject with a predominantly paced rhythm.

          -  CKD-related criteria

          -  Dialysis frequency: On hemodialysis (HD) three to five times weekly for at least 4
             weeks prior to Week -4 Screening through Week 4. NOTE: Combination methods including
             hemofiltration (HF) or ultrafiltration (UF) with HD are allowed. However, the type of
             dialysis (HD, hemodiafiltration (HDF) or UF) should not change during the study.

          -  Dialysis adequacy: A single-pool dialyzer clearance multiplied by dialyzer time
             divided by volume of distribution of urea (Kt/Vurea) of >=1.2 based on a historical
             value obtained within the prior month in order to ensure the adequacy of dialysis. If
             Kt/Vurea is not available, then an average of the last 2 values of urea reduction
             ratio (URR) of at least 65%. NOTE: Only needs confirming at Week -4.

          -  Hemoglobin: Baseline Hgb of 9.0-11.5 g/dL (may rescreen in a minimum of 2 weeks).

          -  Stable rhEPO dose: Using the same rhEPO (epoetins or their biosimilars, or
             darbepoetin) with total weekly doses varying by no more than 50% during the 4 weeks
             prior to Week -4. At Day 1 (randomization), confirm that total weekly doses varied by
             no more than 50% during the screening period.

          -  Iron replacement therapy: Subjects may be on stable maintenance oral or IV (<=100
             mg/week) iron supplementation. If subjects are on oral or IV iron, then doses must be
             stable for the 4 weeks prior to Week -4, during the screening phase, and through the
             first 4 weeks after Randomization.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Subjects are not eligible if they meet any of the exclusion criteria below:

          -  CKD-related criteria

          -  Dialysis modality: Planned change from HD to peritoneal dialysis within the study time
             period.

          -  Renal transplant: Pre-emptive or scheduled renal transplant.

          -  High rhEPO dose: An epoetin dose of >=360 IU/Kg/Week IV or >=250 IU/kg/week
             subcutaneous (SC) or darbepoetin dose of >=1.8 microgram (µg)/Kg/Week IV or SC within
             the prior 8 weeks through Day 1 (randomization).

          -  Use of methoxy polyethylene glycol epoetin beta within the prior 8 weeks through Day 1
             (randomization).

          -  Laboratory test-based criteria (Week -4 verification only)

          -  Vitamin B12: At or below the lower limit of the reference range (may rescreen in a
             minimum of 8 weeks).

          -  Folate: <2.0 nanogram (ng)/mL (<4.5 nanomole (nmol)/L) (may rescreen in a minimum of 4
             weeks).

          -  Ferritin: <100 ng/mL (<100 Micrograms per liter).

          -  Transferrin saturation (TSAT): Outside of the reference range.

          -  Cardiovascular disease-related criteria

          -  Myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome: Within the 8 weeks prior to
             Screening through Day 1 (randomization).

          -  Stroke or transient ischemic attack: Within the 8 weeks prior to Week -4 Screening
             through Day 1 (randomization).

          -  Heart failure: Class III/IV heart failure, as defined by the New York Heart
             Association (NYHA) functional classification system diagnosed prior to Week -4
             Screening through Day 1 (randomization); Symptomatic right heart failure diagnosed
             prior to Week -4 Screening through Day 1 (randomization).

          -  Hypertension: Defined using pre-dialysis vitals (Week -4, Day 1) of diastolic blood
             pressure (DBP) >100 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or systolic blood pressure (SBP)
             >170 mmHg.

          -  Thrombotic disease: History of thrombotic disease (e.g., venous thrombosis such as
             deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, or arterial thrombosis such as new onset
             or worsening limb ischemia requiring intervention), except vascular access thrombosis,
             within the 8 weeks prior to Week -4 Screening through Day 1 (randomization).

          -  Other disease-related criteria

          -  Ophthalmology disease: Meeting any ophthalmologic-related exclusion criteria
             determined at the Screening ophthalmology exam.

          -  Inflammatory disease: Active chronic inflammatory disease that could impact
             erythropoiesis (e.g., scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosis, rheumatoid arthritis,
             celiac disease) diagnosed prior to Week -4 Screening through Day 1 (randomization).

          -  Hematological disease: Any hematological disease including those affecting platelets,
             white or red blood cells (e.g. sickle cell anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes,
             hematological malignancy, myeloma, hemolytic anemia and thalassemia), coagulation
             disorders (e.g., antiphospholipid syndrome, Protein C or S deficiency), or any other
             cause of anemia other than renal disease diagnosed prior to Week -4 Screening through
             Day 1 (randomization).

          -  Liver disease: Current liver disease, known hepatic or biliary abnormalities (with the
             exception of Gilbert's syndrome or asymptomatic gallstones) or evidence at Screening
             of abnormal liver function tests [alanine transaminase (ALT) or aspartate transaminase
             (AST) > 2.0 x upper limit of normal (ULN) or total bilirubin > 1.5 x ULN]; or other
             hepatic abnormalities that in the opinion of the investigator would preclude the
             subject from participation in the study. NOTE: Those with Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C
             are eligible provided these exclusions are not met.

          -  Major surgery: Major surgery (excluding vascular access surgery) within the prior 8
             weeks, during the Week -4 Screening phase or planned during the study.

          -  Transfusion: Blood transfusion within the prior 8 weeks, during the Week -4 Screening
             phase or an anticipated need for blood transfusion during the study.

          -  GI Bleeding: Evidence of actively bleeding peptic, duodenal, or esophageal ulcer
             disease OR clinically significant GI bleeding within the 8 weeks prior to Week -4
             Screening through Day 1 (randomization).

          -  Acute infection: Clinical evidence of acute infection or history of infection
             requiring intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy within the 8 weeks prior to Week -4
             Screening through Day 1 (randomization). NOTE: IV antibiotics as prophylaxis are
             allowed.

          -  Malignancy: Subjects with a history of malignancy within the prior 5 years, who
             receiving treatment for cancer, or who have a strong family history of cancer (e.g.,
             familial cancer disorders); with the exception of squamous cell or basal cell
             carcinoma of the skin that has been definitively treated prior to Week -4 Screening
             through Day 1 (randomization).

          -  Concomitant medication and other Investigational Product-related criteria

          -  Severe allergic reactions: History of severe allergic or anaphylactic reactions or
             hypersensitivity to excipients in the investigational product.

          -  Drugs and supplements: Use of any prescription or non-prescription drugs or dietary
             supplements that are prohibited from Week -4 Screening until the Follow-up Visit.

          -  Prior investigational product exposure: The Subject has participated in a clinical
             trial and has received an experimental investigational product within the prior 30
             days from Week -4 Screening through Day 1 (randomization).

          -  General health-related criteria

          -  Other Conditions: Any other condition, clinical or laboratory abnormality, or
             examination finding that the Investigator considers would put the subject at
             unacceptable risk.

          -  Pregnancy or Lactation: Pregnant females as determined by positive serum human
             chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test OR women who are lactating at Week -4 Screening or
             during the trial.

          -  Other Eligibility Criteria Considerations

          -  Laboratory eligibility criteria will be assessed according to the central laboratory
             results for the screening samples.

          -  Subjects who fail screening may be rescreened as soon as the investigator feels they
             may have become eligible. However, an individual subject may not rescreen more than
             twice. There is no predetermined amount of time that the investigator needs to wait to
             rescreen a previously ineligible subject, except those excluded for Hgb or folate who
             may only rescreen in 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, and those excluded for Vitamin B12
             who may rescreen in 8 weeks