Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Asunaprevir and Daclatasvir in Subjects Coinfected With HIV-HCV
Condition: HIV-HCV
Intervention: Asunaprevir and Daclatasvir; Asunaprevir and Daclatasvir with BMS-791325
Intervention description: Oral treatment with Asunaprevir 100mg (ASV), twice daily, and Daclatasvir 60mg (DCV), once daily, for 24 weeks in HIV/HCV genotype 1b patients; Oral treatment with Asunaprevir 200mg (ASV), Daclatasvir 30 mg (DCV) and BMS-791325 75 mg in a fixed dose combination pill (FDC), twice daily, for 12 weeks in HIV/HCV genotype 1a or 1b patients
Intervention MeSH terms: Asunaprevir
Phase: Phase 2
Study type: Interventional
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Enrollment: 30.0
Sex: All
Minimum age: 18 Years
Maximum age: 99 Years
Healthy volunteers: No
Keywords: Coinfection; HCV Genotype 1b; Interferon Free therapy; Liver Biopsy; Virological Response

Summary:

      Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health problem with an estimated
      180 million people infected worldwide. In the United States an estimated 4.1 million people
      are infected and HCV is the principal cause of death from liver disease and leading
      indication for liver transplantation. Within HIV/HCV co-infected patients, liver disease due
      to Hepatitis C progresses even more rapidly. While combination of ribavirin (RBV) and
      pegylated interferon (PEG) in combination with boceprevir/telaprevir is the currently
      recommended therapy for chronic HCV infection and has superior cure rates compared to PEG+RBV
      alone in HCV monoinfected patients, treatment is still associated with a high incidence of
      adverse events (AEs), discontinuations and poor cure rates in several populations. Within the
      HIV/HCV co-infected population treatment for HCV remains complicated given drug interactions
      between anti-retrovirals and HCV protease inhibitors, in addition to the extensive
      side-effects due to PEG +RBV alone. Recent studies have demonstrated that the use of a
      combination of anti-virals which target HCV without interferon (IFN) can cure HCV, without
      additional toxicities. These novel therapies that do not rely on an IFN backbone may
      additionally enhance cure rates in HIV/HCV co-infected, a population which has historically
      been difficult to cure.

      The findings from this study will aid in the understanding of antiviral and host responses
      and determinants of response to an IFN free regimen in HIV/HCV co-infected patients.
    

Eligibility criteria:

        -  INCLUSION CRITERIA

        Subjects who meet the following criteria are eligible to enter the study:

          1. Eighteen years of age or older at screening

          2. Naive to treatment for hepatitis C or treatment experienced on previous IFN-containing
             treatment for chronic HCV infection. Patients who have been re-infected with HCV are
             excluded.

          3. Women are allowed to participate if they agree to always use at least two forms of
             birth control. One form must be barrier protection (i.e., condom or female condom) and
             the other is to meet one of the criteria below:

               1. Non-childbearing potential status (i.e., physiologically incapable of becoming
                  pregnant)

                  - Has had a hysterectomy or

                  - Has had a bilateral oophorectomy or

                  - Is post-menopausal (age greater than or equal to 50 and a demonstration of a
                  total cessation of menses for greater than or equal to 1 year) or

                  - Has had a bilateral tubal ligation or fallopian tube inserts

               2. Childbearing potential status women must have a negative serum pregnancy test at
                  screening and agree to use an acceptable form of birth control, such as any of
                  the following:

                  - Complete abstinence from sexual intercourse 2 weeks prior to administration of
                  the study drug until completion of the follow-up procedures and at least 5 weeks
                  (women) after the last dose of the study drugs.

                  - Vasectomized partner in reliably monogamous relationship.

                    -  An intrauterine device (IUD) 2 weeks prior to administration of the study
                       drugs continuously until completion of the follow-up procedures and at least
                       5 weeks after the last dose of the study drugs.

                    -  Double contraceptive method (condom or occlusive cap [diaphragm or
                       cervical/vault caps]; spermicidal foam/gel/film/cream/suppository).

                    -  Oral, implantable, transdermal, or injectable or any other form of hormonal
                       contraceptives are NOT an acceptable form of contraception for females on
                       this study.

          4. Men are allowed to participate if they agree to use at least 2 forms of birth control.
             One form must be barrier protection (i.e., condom or female condom) and the other is
             to meet one of the criteria below:

               1. Are sterile or

               2. Agree to use at least one of the following approved methods of contraception 2
                  weeks prior to administration of the study drug until the completion of the
                  followup procedures and at least 14 weeks after the last dose of the study drugs:

                    -  A male condom with spermicide.

                    -  A sterile sexual partner.

                    -  A female sexual partner who has an IUD.

                    -  A female sexual partner using a female condom with spermicide, intravaginal
                       system (e.g., NuvaRing[registered]), diaphragm with spermicide, cervical cap
                       with spermicide, or oral, implantable, transdermal, or injectable
                       contraceptives.

          5. Chronic GT1b (2DAA arm) or Chronic GT 1 (1a or 1b) (3DAA arm) infection as documented
             by one or more measurements of serum HCV RNA greater than or equal to 2,000 IU/mL
             during screening and at least one of the following:

               1. A positive anti-HCV antibody, HCV RNA, or HCV genotype test result greater than
                  or equal to 12 months prior to the baseline (Day 0) visit together with current
                  positive HCV RNA or anti-HCV antibody test results.

        Or

        b. Positive HCV RNA test and anti-HCV antibody test results together with a liver biopsy
        consistent with chronic HCV infection or a liver biopsy performed before Day 0 with
        evidence of chronic hepatitis C infection disease, such as the presence of fibrosis.

        6. HIV treatment status:

          1. Documented HIV infection (defined by positive Western blot result or detectable HIV
             viral load), ARV untreated for >8 weeks preceding dosing and having either:

               1. A CD4 T-cell count greater than or equal to 500 cells/mm3 within 8 weeks of Day 0
                  or

               2. An HIV viral load less than 500 copies/mL with a stable CD4 count for at least 3
                  months

          2. Documented HIV-1 (defined by positive western blot result or detectable HIV viral
             load) infection on a stable protocol-approved, ARV regimen for greater than or equal
             to 4 weeks prior to dosing and is expected to continue the current ARV regimen through
             the end of study with all of the following

               1. a CD4 T-cell count > 100 cells/mm3

               2. a documented plasma HIV-1 RNA level less than the level of detection measured at
                  least twice in the 4 weeks preceding dosing. If the lower limit of detection of
                  the local HIV-1 RNA result is >50 copies/mL (e.g., <70 copies/mL, the screening
                  plasma HIV-1 RNA level cannot exceed 50 copies/mL).

               3. HIV ARV agents including only:

        a. Raltegrativir plus one of the following

        b. Tenofovir and emtricitabine or abacavir and lamivudine

        7. Documentation of hepatitis C genotype 1b (2DAA arm) or GT 1 (1a or 1b) (3DAA arm) alone
        infection within 6 months prior to Day 0. HCV genotype/subtypes performed outside the NIH
        will be accepted for eligibility if performed using the Siemens LiPA v2.0 assay or an assay
        with equivalent performance in identifying the HCV genetype 1b (e.g., Abbott RealTime HCV
        Genotype II assay).

        8. Liver biopsy obtained within 36 calendar months prior to the baseline (Day 0) visit to
        verify the presence or absence of cirrhosis, except as indicated below. If no recent (<36
        months) liver biopsy is available, a liver biopsy may be performed prior to the baseline
        visit.

          1. Cirrhosis is defined as any one of the following:

               1. Any biopsy showing cirrhosis (at any time, not restricted to the 36 calendar
                  months prior to baseline visit).

               2. A FibroSUR[trademark] score, of >0.75 and an aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
                  platelet ratio index (APRI) of >2 within the last year.

          2. Absence of cirrhosis is defined as any one of the following:

               1. A liver biopsy performed within 36 calendar months of screening showing absence
                  of cirrhosis.

               2. A FibroSUR[trademark] score, within the last year, of <0.48 and an APRI of <1.

                  In the absence of a definitive diagnosis of presence or absence of cirrhosis by
                  the criteria detailed above, a liver biopsy is required. The
                  FibroSURE[trademark]test can be performed and the results can be used to
                  determine the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients with Child Pugh B or C
                  cirrhotics are excluded

             9. Ability to communicate effectively with the study investigator and other key
             personnel.

             10. Willingness to comply with the study restrictions and requirements.

             11. Opioid-dependent individuals must be participating in a supervised treatment
             program.

             12. Subjects must have an external primary care doctor (outside of the Clinical Center
             and the NIH) for their medical management.

             13. Willingness to have blood or tissue samples stored for future use to study liver
             disease and immune function.

             14. Willingness to undergo HLA typing.

             15. Otherwise healthy status as determined by medical history, physical examination,
             electrocardiogram (ECG), and clinical laboratory measurements performed at screening.

        Contraception

        The effects of ASV and DCV on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason, men
        and women of childbearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception as outlined in
        the inclusion and exclusion criteria prior to study entry and until 5 weeks (women ) and 14
        weeks (men) after last dose of study medication. Hormonal contraception is NOT considered
        an effective form of birth control for female subjects on this study. Oral contraceptives
        are not as effective in women taking ASV and DCV so women cannot rely on this form of birth
        control to prevent pregnancy. Females of childbearing-age must have a negative pregnancy
        test result prior to receiving ASV and DCV. If a woman becomes pregnant or suspects of
        being pregnant during the course of the study, she should inform the study staff and her
        primary care physician immediately.

        EXCLUSION CRITERIA

          1. Current or prior history of any of the following:

               1. Clinically significant illness (other than HCV) or any other major medical
                  disorder that may interfere with the subject treatment, assessment of compliance
                  with the protocol; subjects currently under evaluation for a
                  clinically-significant illness (other than HCV) are also excluded

               2. Gastrointestinal disorder with post-operative condition that could interfere with
                  the absorption of the study drug

               3. Poor venous access interfering with required study blood collection

               4. Clinical hepatic decompensation (i.e.,-ascites, encephalopathy or variceal
                  hemorrhage)

               5. Hepatic impairment (e.g., Child-Pugh class B [moderate] or Child-Pugh class C
                  [severe])

               6. Solid organ transplantation

               7. Significant pulmonary disease, significant cardiac disease or porphyria.

               8. Unstable psychiatric disease (subjects with psychiatric illness that is well
                  controlled on a stable treatment regimen or currently not requiring medication
                  may be included)

               9. Any malignancy or its treatment that in the opinion of the PI may cause ongoing
                  interference with host immunity; subjects under evaluation for malignancy are not
                  eligible

              10. Significant drug allergy (such as anaphylaxis or hepatotoxicity)

              11. Chronic liver disease of a non-HCV etiology (e.g., hemochromatosis, Wilson s
                  disease, alfa-1 antitrypsin deficiency, cholangitis)

          2. Positive nucleotide sequence analyses of the NS5A gene for Y93H or L31M/V
             polymorphisms for the 2DAA arm only.

          3. Positive test results at screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg)
             or HBV RNA (completed only if necessary to rule out chronic HBV)

          4. Current use of non-protocol approved ARVs

          5. A new AIDS-defining condition diagnosed within 30 days prior to date screening consent
             is signed or active serious infection (other than HIV and HCV), requiring parenteral
             antibiotics, antivirals or antifungals within 30 days prior to Day 0

          6. Abnormal hematological and biochemical parameters at screening, unless the test has
             been repeated and at least one subsequent result is within the acceptable range prior
             to study drug administration, including:

               1. Neutrophil count <750 cells/mm3

               2. Hemoglobin level <9 g/dL

               3. Platelet count less than or equal to 50,000 cells/mm3

               4. Estimated glomerular filtration rate, calculated by the chronic kidney disease
                  epidemiology collaboration formula: <50 mL/min/1.73 m^2

               5. ALT or AST level greater than or equal to10 times upper limit of normal (ULN)

               6. Serum lipase level greater than or equal to 1.5 times ULN at screening or during
                  the screening period in a patient with symptoms of pancreatitis

               7. Total bilirubin level greater than or equal to 2.0 times ULN, except in subjects
                  with Gilbert s syndrome

               8. Albumin level less than or equal to 3.0 g/dL

          7. Donation or loss of blood of >400 mL within 8 weeks prior to the first dose of the
             study drugs

          8. Poorly controlled diabetes as indicated by a screening glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
             >10

          9. Known hypersensitivity to ASV, DCV or formulation excipients

         10. Pregnant or breastfeeding

         11. Screening or baseline with clinically significant ECG findings, or personal/first
             degree relative history of Torsade de pointes

         12. Need for the use of the following medications from 21 days prior to the start of study
             drugs through the end of treatment:

               1. Hematologic stimulating agents, erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs),
                  granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), thrombopoeitin (TPO) mimetics

               2. Chronic systemic antineoplastic or immunomodulatory treatment including
                  supraphysiologic doses of immunosuppressants such as corticosteroids (e.g.,
                  prednisone equivalent >10 mg/day for >2 weeks), azathioprine or monoclonal
                  antibodies (e.g., infliximab)

               3. Investigational agents or devices for any indication

         13. Previous treatment with an HCV protease inhibitor or any DAA

         14. Medications for disease conditions excluded from the protocol (e.g.,- active cancer,
             transplantation) are not listed under the Concomitant medication section, and are
             disallowed from the study

         15. Use of certain medications and herbal/natural supplements per PI discretion, expected
             to result in increases or decreases in exposure to study or non-study medications as
             listed in Section 5.5 while receving study medications and within five half-lives or
             14 days [whichever is longer] of the first dose of study medications.

         16. Co-enrollment Guidelines: Co-enrollment in other clinical trials is restricted, other
             than enrollment in observational studies or those evaluating the use of a licensed
             medication. Study staff should be notified of co-enrollment status, as it may require
             prior approval of the investigator