Phase II Safety and Acceptability of an Investigational Injectable Product, TMC278LA, for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
Condition: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HIV Infections
Intervention: Rilpivirine; Placebo
Intervention description: Rilpivirine (TMC278), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) is a substituted diaryl-pyrimidine (DAPY) derivative with potent antiviral activity against HIV. It is approved by the US FDA for once daily oral administration and is effective as part of treatment for ARV-na'ive HIV-infected patients as rilpivirine 25 mg capsules. It is also co-formulated with TDF and FTC for use as a once- daily single fixed-dose combination (Complera™).; Participants randomized to the placebo arm will receive oral placebo capsules prior to injection of saline solution (0.9%NaCI). Participants will be observed while taking the study product by site staff on approximately six occasions during the first two weeks of the oral run-in at Week 0 (Enrollment), at Week 2 (Oral Run-in Safety Visit), and on four separate DOT visits between Weeks 0 and 2. Cervicovaginal and rectal fluid will be collected for PK studies at a single follow-up visit.
Intervention MeSH terms: Rilpivirine
Phase: Phase 2
Study type: Interventional
Primary purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment: 136.0
Sex: Female
Minimum age: 18 Years
Maximum age: 45 Years
Healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Keywords: HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis;; long-acting injectable;; HIV PrEP;; biomedical HIV prevention research

Summary:

      This is a multi-site, double-blinded, two-arm, two:one, randomized, trial comparing the
      safety of an intramuscular (IM) injection of TMC278 LA to a placebo given once every eight
      weeks over a 40 week period among sexually active, HIV- uninfected women.
    

Eligibility criteria:

        Inclusion Criteria: Women who meet all of the following criteria will be eligible for
        inclusion in the study:

          -  Women, 18- 45 years (inclusive) of age at Enrollment

          -  Female at birth

          -  Willing and able to provide informed consent to take part in the study

          -  Willing and able to provide adequate locator information

          -  Willing and able to provide acceptability and adherence assessments throughout the
             study

          -  Understands and agrees to local reporting requirements for sexually transmitted
             infections (STis)

          -  No evidence of an active STI, women who have an STI (Chlamydia trachomatis (CT),
             Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC), or syphilis) identified at the Screening visit are
             ineligible*

          -  Per participant report, no diagnosis of GC, CT, or syphilis in the last 6 months

          -  Availability to return for all study visits and participate in all study-related
             procedures, barring unforeseen circumstances

          -  Per participant report, using (or willing to use) an acceptable form of contraception
             (e.g., intrauterine device [IUD], hormonal contraception [DMPA], oral, injectable,
             transdermal patch, implants) from screening until one month after last study visit or
             surgical sterilization of the participant

          -  Must agree to use condoms for the duration of the study

          -  Must agree not to participate in other concurrent drug or vaccine trials

          -  Normal laboratory values**

        (HIV tests performed at Screening and Enrollment are non- reactive/negative (see Study
        Specific Procedures (SSP) Manual)

          -  Hemoglobin (women) =:: 10.5 g/dL

          -  Absolute neutrophil count1,000 cells/mm 3

          -  Platelet count=:: 100,000/mm3

          -  Calculated creatinine clearance =:: 70 mL!minute using the Cockcroft-Gault equation

          -  Alanine aminotransferase (AST) and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) < 2 times the
             upper limit of normal (ULN)

          -  Total bilirubin < 2.5 ULN

          -  Urine protein< 2+

               -  Women who have an STI identified at the Screening visit (CT, GC, or syphilis)
                  will be provided treatment but are ineligible. Women who report having CT, GC, or
                  syphilis in the last six months are ineligible.

                    -  Specimens for Screening labs must be obtained within 28 days prior to study
                       Enrollment.

        3.1.1 Inclusion Criteria for the Tissue Subset (US sites only) A subset of approximately 24
        participants at US sites will participate in more intensive sampling of vaginal tissue
        during Week 36 (preferred) or Week 44.

        For these participants, the following additional criteria need to be met:

        •Satisfactory Pap results in the 12 calendar months prior to biopsy consistent with Grade 0
        according to the Female Genital Grading Table for Use in Microbicide Studies Addendum 1 to
        the DAIDS Table for Grading Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events, Version 1.0, December 2004
        (Clarification dated August 2009), or satisfactory evaluation with no treatment required of
        Grade 1 or higher Pap result per American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology
        (ASCCP) guidelines in the 12 calendar months prior to biopsy is required, as indicated.

        If there is no documentation of satisfactory Pap results, and if indicated, the participant
        should be offered to have the test performed by the site prior to enrollment in the Tissue
        Subset. If Pap testing is indicated and participants decline, they are not eligible for the
        Tissue Subset.

          -  In addition to documentation of satisfactory Pap results, women must have normal
             laboratory results for coagulation tests to be eligible for the Tissue Subset.
             Abnormal coagulation test results may indicate an increased risk of bleeding.

          -  Women have to be willing to abstain from vaginal intercourse and practices involving
             insertion of anything in the vagina (drug, douche, penis, or sex toy) for 3 days prior
             to vaginal biopsy and for 7 days post-biopsy, to minimize risk of HIV-1 infection and
             bleeding complications after the procedure.

          -  Participants must not be pregnant at the time of vaginal sampling, based on pregnancy
             test results from previous visits and on the result of urine pregnancy test performed
             on the same day before the proposed vaginal sampling.

          -  Women undergoing biopsy must have received all prior injections of study product, in
             accordance with the protocol, to be eligible for inclusion.

        Exclusion Criteria: Women who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from the
        study:

          -  Experiencing early menopause using clinical criteria (amenorrhea greater than six
             months in absence of pregnancy) or a prior report of an abnormal Follicle Stimulating
             Hormone (FSH) test

          -  PrEP or post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV exposure within 90 days prior to
             Screening

          -  Pregnant or last pregnancy outcome 90 days or less prior to Screening

          -  Currently breastfeeding

          -  Intends to become pregnant during the period of study participation

          -  Experiencing uncontrolled depression or active suicidal ideation

          -  History of recurrent urticaria

          -  Any history of anaphylaxis or severe allergy resulting in angioedema

          -  Any serious acute, chronic, or progressive disease (e.g. known history of neoplasm,
             cancer, insulin-dependent diabetes, cardiac disease, auto-immune disease), or with
             signs of cardiac disease, renal failure, or severe malnutrition

          -  Any laboratory abnormalities that are Grade 2 or higher, according to the DAIDS
             Toxicology tables (please see Section 6.1 for a list of Screening laboratory tests)

          -  Recreational injection drug use in the 52 weeks prior to screening

          -  Participating or plans to participate in another research study involving study drugs,
             vaccines or medical devices

          -  Participated in another research study involving study drugs, vaccines or medical
             devices within the four weeks prior to screening; may be longer than four weeks
             depending on half-life of study drug

          -  Past participation in an HIV vaccine study

          -  Has plans to relocate and cannot attend the visits at the clinic

          -  Per participant report at Screening, current or anticipated ongoing use and/or
             unwillingness to abstain from contraindicated medications or supplements (listed in
             the SSP Manual)

          -  Abnormal resting EKG at screening including:

          -  Abnormal sinus rhythm (heart rate below 40 or above 100 beats per minute)

          -  QTcF interval> 450 ms

          -  QRS interval < 50 ms

          -  QRS interval > 120 ms

          -  PR interval> 210 ms

          -  History of additional risk factors for Torsade de Pointes (TdP), such as heart
             failure, hypokalemia, hypomagnesia, family history of known long QT syndrome, or
             sudden death at young age (S 40 years) in a first-degree relative (i.e., biological
             parent, sibling, or offspring)

          -  Currently active Tuberculosis (TB), or undergoing treatment for the same (by
             self-report)

          -  Any signs or symptoms consistent with acute (pre-seroconversion) HIV infection, or
             self-reported concern about recent HIV infection

          -  Any reactive or positive HIV test at Screening or Enrollment, even if the person is
             confirmed to be HIV-uninfected

          -  Has any other condition that, in the opinion of the site loR or designee, would
             preclude informed consent, make study participation unsafe, interfere with adherence,
             complicate interpretation of study outcome data, or otherwise interfere with achieving
             study objectives (e.g., at increased risk of cardiovascular vents)

        Women who do not meet eligibility criteria because of an abnormal EKG, risk factors for
        TdP, an STI (GC, CT, or syphilis) present at Screening or report of an STI (GC, CT, or
        syphilis) in the past 6 months, or a history of arrhythmia may not be re-screened.

        Women who present at Screening with symptoms consistent with an acute HIV infection or who
        have a reactive HIV test may not be re-screened. Women who do not meet eligibility criteria
        for the study for other reason(s) may be re-screened at a future date at the discretion of
        the site loR.

        3.2.1 Exclusion Criteria for the Tissue Subset (US sites only)

        Participants of the Tissue Subset must meet the above eligibility criteria to be enrolled
        in HPTN 076. Participants interested in participating in the Tissue Subset must meet
        additional inclusion and exclusion criteria. Women who meet any of the following criteria
        will be excluded from the Tissue Subset:

          -  Unwillingness to abstain from the following medications for a period of 10 days before
             a biopsy procedure:

          -  Aspirin*

          -  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)

             *Daily use of low-dose aspirin (no more than 81 mg) is allowed at the discretion of
             the loR.

          -  Unwillingness to abstain from the following medications for 3 days prior to vaginal
             biopsy and for 7 days post-biopsy: Heparin, including Lovenox®, Warfarin, Plavix®
             (clopidogrel bisulfate), and any other drugs that are associated with increased risk
             of bleeding following biopsy procedures at the discretion of the loR.

          -  Carcinoma in situ of the cervix or invasive cervical cancer. Abnormalities of the
             vaginal mucosa or significant vaginal symptom(s), which in the opinion of the loR
             represent a contraindication to biopsy (including but not limited to presence of any
             unresolved injury, and infectious or inflammatory condition of the local mucosa).

          -  Hysterectomy.