A Phase 2 Trial of Regorafenib as A Single Agent in Advanced and Metastatic Biliary Tract Carcinoma/Cholangiocarcinoma Patients Who Have Failed First-line Chemotherapy
Condition: Metastatic Biliary Tract Carcinoma
MeSH terms: Carcinoma; Cholangiocarcinoma
Intervention: Regorafenib
Intervention description: regorafenib (120 mg) (160 mg for second and subsequent treatment cycles)orally once daily 21 days (3 weeks) on and 7 days (1 week) off in the 28-day (4-week) cycle.
Phase: Phase 2
Study type: Interventional
Primary purpose: Treatment
Intervention model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Enrollment: 43.0
Sex: All
Minimum age: 18 Years
Healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Keywords: gallbladder cancer, biliary cancer, bile duct cancer, hepatobiliary cancer, Biliary Tract Carcinoma; Cholangiocarcinoma

Summary:

      Based on the facts of multiple pathways involvement in cholangiocarcinoma tumor genesis,
      including EGFR, Ras, Raf, VEGFR, and PDGFR, with evidence of overexpression of these proteins
      associated with tumor stage, prognosis and response to therapy. Multikinase inhibitor
      targeting multiple tumor pathways agent as regorafenib should be the ideal candidate for
      evaluating the anti-cancer activity for the disease as cholangiocarcinoma. More importantly,
      regorafenib likely holds promise in this disease setting with known effectiveness either as a
      single agent or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy agents in multiple solid tumors as
      above and the toxicity profile.
    

Eligibility criteria:

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of biliary tract
             adenocarcinoma/cholangiocarcinoma (including primary intra- and extrahepatic
             diseases); pathologic confirmation may be from the primary or a metastatic site

          -  Must have locally advanced or distant metastatic disease that is not surgically
             curable

          -  Failed first-line chemotherapy (including systemic and local-regional therapy).

          -  Age ≥ 18 years.

          -  Life expectancy of at least ≥ 12 weeks (3 months).

          -  Performance status ECOG ≤ 1

          -  Adequate liver, kidney, and bone marrow function as assessed by the following
             laboratory requirements:

               -  Total bilirubin ≤ 3.0 x the upper limit of normal (ULN) (biliary stenting or
                  percutaneous biliary drainage are allowed for cancer related biliary obstruction)

               -  Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 5.0 x ULN

               -  Alkaline phosphastase limit ≤ 2.5 x ULN (≤ 5.0 x ULN for subjects with
                  intrahepatic involvement of their cancer)

               -  Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 x the ULN

               -  International normalized ratio (INR)/partial thromboplastin time (PTT) ≤ 1.5 x
                  ULN. (Patients who are therapeutically treated with an agent such as warfarin or
                  heparin will be allowed to participate provided that no prior evidence of
                  underlying abnormality in coagulation parameters exists. Close monitoring of at
                  least weekly evaluations will be performed until INR/PTT is stable based on a
                  measurement that is pre-dose as defined by the local standard of care).

               -  Platelet count ≥ 75,000 /mm3

               -  Hemoglobin (Hb) ≥ 9 g/dL,

               -  Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1500/mm3.

               -  Blood transfusion to meet the inclusion criteria will not be allowed.

          -  Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test performed
             within 7 days prior to the start of study drug. Post-menopausal women (defined as no
             menses for at least 1 year) and surgically sterilized women are not required to
             undergo a pregnancy test.

          -  Patients (men and women) of childbearing potential must agree to use Double Barrier
             method of birth control beginning at the signing of the ICF until at least 3 months
             after the last dose of study drug.

          -  Patients must be able to swallow and retain oral medication.

          -  Patients must be able to understand and be willing to sign the written informed
             consent form. A signed informed consent form must be appropriately obtained prior to
             the conduct of any trial-specific procedure.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Previous assignment to treatment during this study. Subjects permanently withdrawn
             from study participation will not be allowed to re-enter study.

          -  Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure ≥ 90 mm
             Hg on repeated measurement) despite optimal medical management.

          -  Active or clinically significant cardiac disease including:

               -  Congestive heart failure - New York Heart Association (NYHA) > Class II

               -  Active coronary artery disease.

               -  Cardiac arrhythmias requiring anti-arrhythmic therapy other than beta blockers or
                  digoxin.

               -  Unstable angina (angina symptoms at rest), new-onset angina within 3 months
                  before randomization, or myocardial infarction within 6 months before
                  randomization.

          -  Evidence or history of bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy.

          -  Any hemorrhage or bleeding event ≥ Grade 3 within 4 weeks prior to prior to
             registration.

          -  Patients with thrombotic, embolic, venous, or arterial events, such as cerebrovascular
             accident (including transient ischemic attacks) deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary
             embolism within 6 months of the study registration.

          -  Previous exposure to Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor(s),

          -  Patients with any previously untreated or concurrent cancer that is distinct in
             primary site or histology from biliary tract cancer except cervical cancer in-situ,
             treated basal cell carcinoma, or superficial bladder tumor. Patients surviving a
             cancer that was curatively treated and without evidence of disease for more than 3
             years prior to registration are allowed. All cancer treatments must be completed at
             least 3 years prior to prior to registration).

          -  Patients with phaeochromocytoma.

          -  Known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or current chronic or
             active hepatitis B or C infection requiring treatment with antiviral therapy.

          -  Ongoing infection > Grade 2.

          -  Symptomatic metastatic brain or meningeal tumors.

          -  Presence of a non-healing wound, non-healing ulcer, or bone fracture.

          -  Renal failure requiring hemo-or peritoneal dialysis.

          -  Dehydration Grade ≥1

          -  Patients with seizure disorder requiring medication.

          -  Proteinuria ≥ Grade 3 (> 3.5 g/24 hours, measured by urine protein: creatinine ratio
             on a random urine sample).

          -  Active signs and symptoms of interstitial lung disease pleural effusion or ascites
             that causes respiratory compromise (≥ Grade 2 dyspnea).

          -  History of organ allograft (including corneal transplant).

          -  Known or suspected allergy or hypersensitivity to any of the study drug classes.

          -  Any malabsorption condition.

          -  Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding.

          -  Any condition which, in the investigator's opinion, makes the subject unsuitable for
             trial participation.

          -  Substance abuse, medical, psychological or social conditions that may interfere with
             the subject's participation in the study or evaluation of the study results.

          -  Concurrent anti-cancer therapy (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery,
             immunotherapy, biologic therapy, or tumor embolization) other than study treatment
             regorafenib. However, the palliative external beam radiation therapy (XRT) to
             non-targeted lesions is allowed.

          -  Prior use of regorafenib.

          -  Concurrent use of another investigational drug or device therapy (i.e., outside of
             study treatment) during, or within 28 days prior to registration

          -  Major surgical procedure, open biopsy, or significant traumatic injury within 28 days
             prior to registration (biliary stenting or percutaneous biliary drainage are not
             included).

          -  Use of any herbal remedy (e.g. St. John's Wort [Hypericum perforatum])