Safety and Pharmacokinetics Study of Intranasal Ketorolac in Elderly and Nonelderly Adult Healthy Subjects
Condition: Healthy Subjects
Intervention: Ketorolac tromethamine
Intervention description: Single dose of 30 mg of intranasal Ketorolac tromethamine (100 uL of a 15% solution in each nostril)
Intervention MeSH terms: Ketorolac; Ketorolac Tromethamine
Phase: Phase 1
Study type: Interventional
Primary purpose: Treatment
Intervention model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Enrollment: 30.0
Sex: All
Minimum age: 18 Years
Healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Summary:

      This study had an open-label, single-dose design. All subjects received a single dose of 30
      mg of intranasal ketorolac. Blood samples for determination of ketorolac plasma levels were
      obtained pre-dose and at specified time points over 24 hours post-dose.

      The primary objective of this trial was to compare the pharmacokinetics of intranasal
      ketorolac between elderly and nonelderly adult subjects. The secondary objective was to
      evaluate the safety profile of intranasal ketorolac in elderly subjects.
    

Eligibility criteria:

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  The elderly population consisted of male or female volunteers aged > of = 65 years

          -  The nonelderly adult population consisted of male or female volunteers aged < 65 years

          -  Generally good health in the opinion of the Investigator, as determined by a prestudy
             physical examination with no clinically significant abnormalities for age, vital signs
             within normal ranges or outside normal range but not deemed clinically significant for
             age in the opinion of the Investigator, and no clinically significant
             electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities for age

          -  Bilaterally patent nasal airways at screening as assessed by the Investigator

          -  Body mass index (BMI) 15-30 kg/m2

          -  Female subjects of childbearing potential must consent to use a medically acceptable
             method of contraception (oral or implanted contraceptive hormones, condom or diaphragm
             with spermicidal agent, intrauterine device, or surgical sterilization) throughout the
             study period

          -  Ability to provide written informed consent

          -  Prestudy clinical laboratory findings within normal ranges or if outside normal range
             not deemed clinically significant for age in the opinion of the Investigator

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Allergy or sensitivity to ketorolac or formulation ingredients

          -  History of co-existing nasal polyps, NSAID sensitivity, and asthma

          -  Allergic reaction to aspirin or other NSAIDs

          -  Current upper respiratory tract infection or other respiratory tract condition that
             could interfere with the absorption of the nasal spray or with the assessment of AEs

          -  Use of any prescribed or over-the-counter (OTC) drug in the 72 h prior to entry into
             the study with the exception of occasional acetaminophen up to 24 h prior to entry

          -  Suspicion of rhinitis medicamentosa (chronic daily use of topical decongestants)

          -  Use of a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor in the 14 days prior to study entry

          -  Positive serum test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis B or C

          -  Positive alcohol breath test at screening or on entry into the study

          -  Positive urine screen for any nonprescribed drug of abuse at screening or on entry
             into the study

          -  History of cocaine use

          -  Blood donation within 30 days of beginning study participation

          -  Active peptic ulcer disease or a history of peptic ulcer disease or gastrointestinal
             bleeding

          -  Serum creatinine > 2.0 mg/dL

          -  Current tobacco use or a past history of smoking within 5 years of study entry

          -  Any other clinically significant medical problem, which in the opinion of the
             Investigator would interfere with study participation

          -  Participation within 30 days of study entry or within 5 times the half-life, whichever
             is longer, in another investigational drug study.