Role of Canagliflozin on CD34+ Cells in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Condition: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Intervention: Canagliflozin; Placebo
Intervention description: 100 mg; 1 tablet daily for 16 weeks
Intervention MeSH terms: Canagliflozin
Phase: Phase 4
Study type: Interventional
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment: 34.0
Sex: All
Minimum age: 30 Years
Maximum age: 70 Years
Healthy volunteers: No
Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Endothelial Cells; Cellular Biomarker; Endothelial Dysfunction; CD34+; Impaired renal function

Summary:

      The investigators hypothesize that Cana may be able to improve number and function of CD34+
      endothelial progenitor cells. The investigators also propose that this expected
      cardiovascular benefit is independent of HbA1C reduction.

      Subjects will begin taking 100 mg of Cana or placebo after initial 4 weeks. Subjects will be
      withdrawn from the study if the medication or placebo is not tolerated.
    

Eligibility criteria:

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age 30-70 years

          -  Currently treated with any combination of the following anti-diabetic therapies:
             metformin (1-2 grams), insulin, GLP-1 agonists, a DPP-IV inhibitor, or sulfonylureas

          -  Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) between 7.0% and 10.0%

          -  Body Mass Index (BMI) between 25 and 39.9 kg/m^2 (both inclusive)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Type 1 diabetes

          -  History of hyperosmolar nonketotic coma

          -  History of diabetic ketoacidosis in the last 3 months

          -  Abnormal CBC that is judged by physician to be unsafe to enroll or low hematocrit (<28
             UNITS).

          -  History of pancreatitis

          -  History of diabetic ketoacidosis in the last 3 months

          -  History of cancer (except basal cell carcinoma and cancer that is cured or not active
             or being treated in the past 5 years)

          -  Heart attack or stroke within 6 months of screening

          -  Clinically significant coronary and/or peripheral vascular disease that would be
             unsafe to enroll in the study.

          -  Statin use started or dose change in the last 3 months

          -  CKD Stages 3,4 and 5

          -  Use of oral or injectable anti-diabetic medication other than any combination of the
             following anti-diabetic therapies: metformin (1-2 grams), insulin, GLP-1 agonists, a
             DPP-IV inhibitor, or sulfonylureas currently, or in the past 1 month.

          -  Use of consistent long-term steroid medication (oral, inhaled, injected) within the
             last 3 months

          -  Uncontrolled inflammatory disease, or current chronic use of anti-inflammatory drugs
             within the last 3 months. **This will be judged on a case by case basis by the PI**

          -  Implanted devices (e.g., pacemakers) that may interact with Body Composition scale

          -  Untreated Systolic Blood Pressure > 150 mmHg and diastolic Blood Pressure > 90 mmHg

          -  Active wounds or recent surgery within 3 months

          -  Untreated hyper/hypothyroidism

        Physical and Laboratory Test Findings:

          -  Pre-existing liver disease and/or ALT and AST >2.5X's UNL

          -  Serum creatinine levels ≥2.0

          -  Estimated CrCl < 60 mL/min (measured by eGFR value)

          -  Triglycerides >450 mg/dL

        Allergies and Adverse Drug Reactions:

          -  Subjects with a history of any serious hypersensitivity reaction to Cana or another
             SGLT2 inhibitor.

        Sex and Reproductive Status:

          -  Women in reproductive age group will be included in the study but encouraged to use
             contraceptive method to avoid pregnancy within 16 weeks of study duration.

          -  Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding will be excluded.

        Other Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Prisoners or subjects who are involuntarily incarcerated.

          -  Subjects who are compulsorily detained for treatment of either a psychiatric or
             physical (e.g., infectious disease) illness.

          -  Patients who are active smokers

          -  Patients who are pregnant

          -  Nursing women

          -  Post-menopausal women who are on estrogen hormone replacement therapy will be
             excluded.

          -  Patients on low dose oral contraceptives will be allowed to participate as these
             formulations contain very low amounts of estrogens.

          -  Eligibility criteria for this study have been carefully considered to ensure the
             safety of the study subjects and to ensure that the results of the study can be used.
             It is imperative that subjects fully meet all eligibility criteria.