A Study of ASP8273 vs. Erlotinib or Gefitinib in First-line Treatment of Patients With Stage IIIB/IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Tumors With EGFR Activating Mutations
Condition: Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
Intervention: naquotinib mesilate; Erlotinib; Gefitinib
Intervention description: Participants received ASP8273 300 mg orally once daily on an empty stomach (no food for at least 2 hours before and 1 hour after taking drug) at approximately the same time every day.; Participants received erlotinib 150 mg orally once daily on an empty stomach (no food for at least 2 hours before and 1 hour after taking drug) at approximately the same time every day. At the beginning of the trial, prior to site initiation and shipment of study drug supplies, each investigator selected either erlotinib or gefitinib to be utilized for all participants randomized to the comparator arm at their site.; Participants received gefitinib 250 mg was taken orally once daily with water, with or without food, at approximately the same time every day. At the beginning of the trial, prior to site initiation and shipment of study drug supplies, each investigator selected either erlotinib or gefitinib to be utilized for all participants randomized to the comparator arm at their site.
Intervention MeSH terms: Erlotinib Hydrochloride; Gefitinib; Naquotinib
Phase: Phase 3
Study type: Interventional
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Enrollment: 530.0
Sex: All
Minimum age: 18 Years
Healthy volunteers: No
Keywords: erlotinib; EGFR mutation; naquotinib; Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); ASP8273; gefitinib

Summary:

      The purpose of the study was to evaluate the progression free survival (PFS), based on
      independent radiologic review (IRR), of ASP8273 compared to erlotinib or gefitinib in
      patients with locally advanced, metastatic or unresectable stage IIIB/IV adenocarcinoma
      non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activating
      mutations.

      This study also assessed Overall survival (OS); Overall response rate (ORR) as assessed by
      IRR; PFS as assessed by the investigator; Disease control rate (DCR) as assessed by IRR;
      Duration of Response (DOR) by IRR; Safety of ASP8273; and Quality of Life (QOL) and
      patient-reported outcome (PRO) parameters.
    

Eligibility criteria:

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Subject agrees not to participate in another interventional study while on treatment.

          -  Female subject must either:

               -  Be of nonchildbearing potential: postmenopausal (defined as at least 1 year
                  without any menses) prior to Screening, or documented surgically sterile

               -  Or, if of childbearing potential: Agree not to try to become pregnant during the
                  study and for 28 days after the final study drug administration; And have a
                  negative serum pregnancy test at Screening; And, if heterosexually active, agree
                  to consistently use 2 forms of highly effective birth control (at least 1 of
                  which must be a highly effective method and one must be a barrier method)
                  starting at Screening and throughout the study period and for 28 days after the
                  final study drug administration.

          -  Female subject must not be breastfeeding at Screening or during the study period, and
             for 28 days after the final study drug administration.

          -  Female subject must not donate ova starting at Screening and throughout the study
             period, and for 28 days after the final study drug administration.

          -  Male subject and their female spouse/partners who are of childbearing potential must
             be using highly effective contraception consisting of 2 forms of birth control (1 of
             which must be a barrier method) starting at Screening and continue throughout the
             study period and for 90 days after the final study drug administration.

          -  Male subject must not donate sperm starting at Screening and throughout the study
             period and for 90 days after the final study drug administration.

          -  Subject has Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≤ 2.

          -  Subject has histologically confirmed locally advanced, metastatic or unresectable
             Stage IIIB/IV adenocarcinoma NSCLC (newly diagnosed or recurrent). Subjects with mixed
             histology are eligible if adenocarcinoma is the predominant histology.

          -  Subject has predicted life expectancy ≥ 12 weeks in the opinion of the investigator.

          -  Subject must meet all of the following criteria on the laboratory tests that will be
             analyzed centrally within 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug. In case of
             multiple laboratory data within this period, the most recent data should be used.

               -  Neutrophil count > 1,000/mm3

               -  Platelet count ≥ 7.5 x 104 /mm3

               -  Hemoglobin > 8.0 g/dL

               -  Serum creatinine ˂ 2.0 x upper limit of normal (ULN) or an estimated glomerular
                  filtration rate (eGFR) of > 50 mL/min as calculated by the Cockcroft Gault Method

               -  Total bilirubin ˂1.5 x ULN (except for subjects with documented Gilbert's
                  syndrome)

               -  AST and ALT ˂ 3.0 x ULN or ≤ 5 x ULN if subject has documented liver metastases

               -  Serum sodium level is ≥ 130 mmol/L

          -  Subject has an EGFR activating mutation (exon 19 deletion or exon 21 L858R), with or
             without T790M mutation, by local or central testing on examination of a NSCLC FFPE
             specimen (archival or fresh biopsy). Subjects harboring both exon 19 deletion and exon
             21 L858R mutations are not eligible. A tissue sample from the same block used to
             determine eligibility by local testing should be available to send to the central lab
             for confirmatory testing. Subjects randomized based on local results indicating
             presence of EGFR mutation may remain on study if central results are discordant.

          -  Subject must have at least 1 measureable lesion based on RECIST V1.1. Previously
             irradiated lesions will not be considered as measurable lesions.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Subject has received intervening anticancer treatment or previous treatment with
             chemotherapy for metastatic disease other than palliative local radiation to painful
             bone metastases completed at least 1 week prior to the first dose of study drug. The
             administration of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy is allowed as long as it has
             finalized ≥ 6 months before the first dose of study drug.

          -  Subject has received a prior treatment with a therapeutic agent targeting EGFR (e.g.,
             afatinib, dacomitinib, ASP8273, etc).

          -  Subject has received investigational therapy within 28 days or 5 half-lives prior to
             the first dose of study drug.

          -  Subject has received radiotherapy within 1 week prior to the first dose of study drug.
             If the subject received radiotherapy > 1 week prior to study treatment, the irradiated
             lesion cannot be the only lesion used for evaluating response.

          -  Subject has symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) metastasis. Subject with
             previously treated brain or CNS metastases are eligible provided that the subject has
             recovered from any acute effects of radiotherapy, does not have brain metastasis
             related symptoms, is not requiring systemic steroids for at least 2 weeks prior to
             study drug administration, and any whole brain radiation therapy was completed at
             least 4 weeks prior to study drug administration, or any stereotactic radiosurgery
             (SRS) was completed at least 2 weeks prior to study drug administration. Steroid
             inhaler use or ointment treatment for other concomitant medical disease is permitted.

          -  Subject has received blood transfusions or hematopoietic factor therapy within 14 days
             prior to the first dose of study drug.

          -  Subject has had a major surgical procedure (other than a biopsy) within 14 days prior
             to the first dose of study drug, or one is planned during the course of the study.

          -  Subject has a known history of a positive test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
             infection.

          -  Subject has known history of serious hypersensitivity reaction to a known ingredient
             of ASP8273, erlotinib or gefitinib.

          -  Subject has evidence of an active infection requiring systemic therapy within 14 days
             prior to the planned first dose of study drug.

          -  Subject has severe or uncontrolled systemic diseases including uncontrolled
             hypertension (blood pressure > 150/100 mmHg) or active bleeding diatheses.

          -  Subject has history of drug-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD) or any evidence of
             active ILD.

          -  Subject has ongoing cardiac arrhythmia that is Grade ≥ 2 or uncontrolled atrial
             fibrillation of any grade.

          -  Subject currently has Class 3 or 4 New York Heart Association congestive heart
             failure.

          -  Subject has history of severe/unstable angina, myocardial infarction or
             cerebrovascular accident within 6 months prior to the planned first dose of study
             drug.

          -  Subject has history of gastrointestinal ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding within 3
             months prior to the planned first dose of study drug.

          -  Subject has concurrent corneal disorder or any ophthalmologic condition which, in the
             investigator's opinion, makes the subject unsuitable for study participation (i.e.,
             advanced cataracts, glaucoma).

          -  Subject has difficulty taking oral medication or any digestive tract dysfunction or
             inflammatory bowel disease that would interfere with the intestinal absorption of
             drug.

          -  Subject has another past or active malignancy which requires treatment. Prior
             carcinoma in situ or non-melanoma skin cancer after curative resection are permitted.

          -  Subject has any condition which, in the investigator's opinion, makes the subject
             unsuitable for study participation.

          -  Subject has received potent CYP 3A4 inhibitors within 7 days prior to first dose of
             study drug or proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole within 14 days prior to first
             dose of study drug.