A Phase 3 Adaptive Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Inhaled Treprostinil in Participants With Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) Due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Condition: Pulmonary Hypertension; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
MeSH terms: Lung Diseases; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Hypertension
Intervention: Inhaled treprostinil solution; Placebo solution
Intervention description: Treprostinil inhalation solution; Placebo solution
Intervention MeSH terms: Treprostinil; Pharmaceutical Solutions
Phase: Phase 3
Study type: Interventional
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Enrollment: 188.0
Sex: All
Minimum age: 18 Years
Healthy volunteers: No
Keywords: Pulmonary Hypertension; COPD; Inhaled Treprostinil; 6-Minute Walk Test; Tyvaso

Summary:

      The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of inhaled treprostinil
      compared to placebo in improving exercise ability as measured by change from baseline in
      6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) following 12 weeks of active treatment in participants with
      PH-COPD.
    

Eligibility criteria:

        Inclusion Criteria:

        Participants who meet the following criteria may be included in the study:

          1. Participant voluntarily gives informed consent to participate in the study.

          2. Males and females 18 years of age and above at the time of informed consent.

               1. Women of childbearing potential (defined as less than 1 year post-menopausal and
                  not surgically sterile) must agree to practice abstinence or use 2 highly
                  effective methods of contraception (defined as a method of birth control that
                  results in a low failure rate, [<1% per year], such as approved hormonal
                  contraceptives, barrier methods [such as condom or diaphragm] used with a
                  spermicide, or an intrauterine device) for the duration of study treatment and
                  for 48 hours after discontinuing study drug. Participants must have a negative
                  pregnancy test at the Screening Visit 1 (urine [prior to the first dose of study
                  medication] and serum) and Baseline Visit (Study Week 1) (urine).

               2. Males with a partner of childbearing potential must agree to use a barrier method
                  (condom) with a spermicide for the duration of treatment and for at least 48
                  hours after discontinuing study drug.

          3. Diagnosis of PH-COPD (World Heath Organization [WHO] Group 3).

          4. Clinical diagnosis of COPD will be made using the Global Initiative for Chronic

             Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) diagnostic criteria (GOLD Criteria 2020) and
             spirometry with the following documented parameters measured during Screening Visit 1
             (prior to start of low-dose inhaled treprostinil):

               1. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) <80% predicted

               2. FEV1/Forced vital capacity (FVC) <70

          5. The participant has a resting saturation peripheral capillary oxygenation (SpO2)
             greater than or equal to 90%, with or without supplemental oxygen, but not to exceed
             10 liters (L)/min oxygen supplementation by any mode of delivery during Screening
             Visit 1.

          6. During Screening Visit 1 prior to start of low-dose inhaled treprostinil, a 6MWD
             greater than or equal to 100 meters.

          7. Have a right heart catheterization (RHC) performed during Screening Visit 1. (A
             previous RHC obtained within 12 months prior to the start of Screening Visit 1 is
             acceptable for determining eligibility, even if done without oxygen or vasodilator
             challenge, and a repeat RHC is not required.) The following parameters must be
             documented for eligibility:

               1. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) greater than or equal to 4 Wood units

               2. A pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) or left ventricular end-diastolic
                  pressure (LVEDP) of less than or equal to 15 millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

               3. A Pulmonary artery pressure mean (PAPm) of greater than or equal to 30 mmHg

          8. Participants must be on a stable and optimized dose of chronic COPD medications for
             greater than or equal to 30 days prior to start of Screening Visit 1 and remain on the
             same dose throughout the Screening Period.

          9. In the opinion of the Investigator, the participant can communicate effectively with
             study personnel and is considered reliable, willing, and likely to be cooperative with
             protocol requirements, including attending all study visits.

        Exclusion Criteria:

        The following will exclude participants from the study:

          1. The participant has a diagnosis of either pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or
             pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to reasons other than COPD. This would include, but is
             not limited to, chronic thromboembolic PH or acute/recent deep vein thrombosis or
             pulmonary embolism, untreated or inadequately treated obstructive sleep apnea,
             connective tissue disease (including but not limited to systemic sclerosis/scleroderma
             or systemic lupus erythematosus), sarcoidosis, human immunodeficiency virus-1
             infection, and other conditions under WHO Group 1, 2, 4, and 5 classifications.

          2. Based on chest computed tomography (CT) imaging during Screening Visit 1, the
             participant has a confirmed diagnosis of WHO Group 3 PH, other than COPD, such as
             idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema, diffuse
             parenchymal lung disease or interstitial lung disease. A previous chest CT scan
             performed within the 6 months prior to the start of Screening Visit 1 is also
             acceptable, and a repeat assessment is not required.

             A redacted CT scan report (from Screening Visit 1 or dated within prior 6 months)
             should be provided to the Medical Monitor with the Pre-Baseline Review Form to confirm
             eligibility.

          3. The participant has received any Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved
             medication for the treatment of PAH (that is, prostacyclin, prostacyclin receptor
             agonist, endothelin receptor antagonist [ERA], phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor
             [PDE5-I], or soluble guanylate cyclase [sGC] stimulator) at Screening Visit 1 and
             thereafter, except if received for acute vasoreactivity testing.

          4. The participant has a previous diagnosis of homozygous alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

          5. The participant has any prior intolerance to inhaled prostanoid therapy.

          6. Inability to tolerate low-dose (3 breaths, 18 mcg) study drug and/or inability to
             follow dosing regimen during the Screening Period (pre-randomization).

          7. Unwilling or unable to use Sponsor-provided devices (actigraph, spirometer, or smart
             device).

          8. The participant has evidence of clinically significant left-sided heart disease
             (including but not limited to left ventricular ejection fraction <40%, left
             ventricular hypertrophy,) or clinically significant cardiologic conditions, such as
             congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, or valvular heart disease. Note:
             Participants with abnormal left ventricular function attributable to the effects of
             right ventricular overload will not be excluded, but a discussion with and approval by
             the Sponsor Medical Monitor is needed.

          9. Any exacerbation of COPD (including hospitalization or outpatient therapy) or active
             pulmonary or upper respiratory infection 60 days prior to start of Screening Visit 1
             through the Baseline Visit. This is defined as worsening of respiratory symptoms that
             required treatment with corticosteroids and/or antibiotics.

         10. Initiation of pulmonary rehabilitation within 12 weeks prior to start of Screening
             Visit 1 or, in the opinion of the Investigator, pulmonary rehabilitation is likely to
             be needed during the study Treatment Period.

         11. The participant has any form of congenital heart disease (repaired or unrepaired;
             other than a patent foramen ovale).

         12. The participant has any musculoskeletal disorder (severe arthritis of the lower limbs
             which limits ambulation, recent hip or knee joint replacement, artificial leg) or any
             other condition that would likely be the primary limitation to ambulation.

         13. Use of any other investigational drug or device within 30 days prior to the start of
             Screening Visit 1.

         14. Any other clinically significant illness or abnormal laboratory value(s) measured
             during the Screening Period that, in the opinion of the Investigator, might adversely
             affect the interpretation of the study data or safety of the participant.