Motivated Behavior in Adults With and Without ADHD
Condition: ADHD
Intervention: ADHD methylphenidate first, placebo second; ADHD placebo first, methylphenidate second; Non-ADHD methylphenidate first, placebo second; Non-ADHD placebo first, methylphenidate second
Intervention description: double-blind, counter-balanced administration; double-blind, counter-balanced administration; double-blind, counter-balanced administration
Intervention MeSH terms: Methylphenidate
Phase: Phase 2
Study type: Interventional
Primary purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention model: Crossover Assignment
Intervention model description: There are two parallel arms of this study (ADHD or non-ADHD subjects).
Within each arm, each subject will be exposed to placebo and a drug (each at a different timepoint in the study). Although all subjects will receive both placebo and the drug, the order of presentation of the placebo and drug is counterbalanced across subjects (i.e., approximately half will receive the drug first and approximately half will receive the placebo first).
For both study arms, regardless of whether the placebo is received first or second, the outcome measure will be calculated as the number of high effort selections.
Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment: 51.0
Sex: All
Minimum age: 18 Years
Maximum age: 45 Years
Healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Summary:

      To investigate the effects of methylphenidate on motivated behavior in adults with and
      without ADHD
    

Eligibility criteria:

        Inclusion Criteria:

          1. generally healthy

          2. between the ages of 18-45

          3. non-ADHD subjects do not meet criteria for ADHD diagnosis or any subtype as determined
             by the Conners Diagnostic Interview or any T-Score > 55 on Inattentive Symptoms,
             Hyperactive-Impulsive Symptoms, Total Symptoms or ADHD Index subscales of the CAARS.

          4. ADHD subjects meet criteria for a primary diagnosis of ADHD, any subtype, based on
             DSM-5

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. inability to attend all required experimental sessions

          2. significant health problems (e.g., current and uncontrolled liver, lung, or heart
             problems, current or past seizure disorder, serious head trauma)

          3. primary diagnosis of Axis I psychiatric disorders other than ADHD (e.g., depression,
             anxiety disorder, schizophrenia)

          4. meet DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorder other than nicotine in the past 12
             months

          5. use of psychoactive medications in the past 6 months as indicated by self-report

          6. positive urine drug screen for drugs or positive breath alcohol concentration

          7. contraindications for MPH

          8. among women, nursing or a positive pregnancy test

          9. IQ < 80 on Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, 2nd edition

         10. allergy to lactose

         11. hypertension (If subject is ≤ 40 years of age and has blood pressure over 135/85 or
             heart rate over 90 beats per minute. If subject is > 40 years of age and has blood
             pressure over 130/80 or heart rate over 88 beats per minute)

         12. body mass ratio > 30