Evaluating the Safety and Effectiveness of Interferon-Free Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in HIV-Coinfected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy
Condition: HIV Infections; Hepatitis C
MeSH terms: Infections; Communicable Diseases; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis
Intervention: Paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir (PTV/r/OBT); Dasabuvir (DSV); Ribavirin (RBV)
Intervention description: PTV/r/OBT: 150/100/25 mg (two 75/50/12.5 mg fixed-dose combination tablets) orally once a day; DSV: 250 mg orally twice a day; RBV: 1,000 or 1,200 mg (weight-based) dosed in two divided doses orally twice a day (all participants (version 1); only participants with HCV genotype 1a (version2))
Intervention MeSH terms: Ritonavir; Ribavirin
Phase: Phase 2
Study type: Interventional
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Enrollment: 46.0
Sex: All
Minimum age: 18 Years
Maximum age: 70 Years
Healthy volunteers: No

Summary:

      HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are diseases that share the same risk factors and
      routes of transmission. For this reason, many people infected with HIV are also infected with
      HCV. Interferon (IFN) is a drug used to treat HCV; however, in people coinfected with HIV and
      HCV, IFN treatment often does not work well and can cause unwanted side effects. The purpose
      of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of IFN-free HCV
      treatment in HIV/HCV coinfected adults who were taking antiretroviral (ARV) therapy.
    

Eligibility criteria:

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Men and women age greater than or equal to 18 to less than or equal to 70 years at
             study entry.

          -  Body mass index (BMI) from greater than or equal to 18 to less than 38 kg/m^2 within
             42 days of study entry. BMI was calculated as weight measured in kilograms (kg)
             divided by the square of height measured in meters (m).

          -  HIV-1 infection

          -  CD4+ cell count greater than or equal to 200 cells/uL and CD4+ cell percentage greater
             than or equal to 14% within 42 days of study entry.

          -  On a stable, qualifying ART regimen for at least 8 weeks prior to entry.

          -  HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies/mL for at least 6 months prior to study entry.

          -  Presence of chronic HCV infection defined as positive for anti-HCV antibody or HCV RNA
             at least 6 months before screening, and positive for HCV RNA at the time of screening;
             OR positive for HCV RNA at the time of screening with a liver biopsy consistent with
             chronic HCV infection any time prior to study entry.

          -  HCV treatment-naïve or unsuccessful treatment with pegylated or standard IFN alfa with
             or without RBV. NOTE: No prior exposure to HCV NS3/4A PI (including but not limited to
             TVR, BOC, simeprevir), NS5A inhibitors (including but not limited to daclatasvir or
             ledipasvir), NS5B NNI or NI inhibitors (including but not limited to sofosbuvir) was
             allowed.

          -  HCV genotype 1a or 1b infection

          -  Serum HCV RNA greater than 10,000 IU/mL obtained within 42 days prior to study entry.

          -  The following laboratory values obtained within 42 days prior to study entry.

               -  Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than or equal to 750/mm^3

               -  Hemoglobin greater than or equal to 12 g/dL for men and greater than or equal to
                  11 g/dL for women

               -  Platelet count greater than or equal to 90,000/mm^3

               -  International normalized ratio (INR) less than or equal to 1.5

               -  Participants with known inherited bleeding disorder and INR greater than or equal
                  to 1.5 could be enrolled.

               -  Calculated creatinine clearance (CrCl) using Cockcroft-Gault method greater than
                  or equal to 60 mL/min

               -  Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) less than or equal to 7 times the upper limit of
                  the normal range (ULN)

               -  Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) less than or equal to 7 times the ULN range

               -  Total bilirubin less than 3 mg/dL for participants not on ATV and less than 6
                  mg/dL for participants on ATV

               -  Direct bilirubin less than or equal to 1.5 times the ULN

               -  Albumin greater than or equal to 3.5 g/dL

               -  Serum alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) less than or equal to 100 ng/mL

          -  Classification of liver disease as cirrhotic or non-cirrhotic with no evidence of
             hepatocellular carcinoma according to specified criteria.

          -  For females of reproductive potential, a negative serum or urine pregnancy test with a
             sensitivity of less than or equal to 25 mIU/mL within 42 days prior to study entry.

          -  All participants must have agreed not to participate in a conception process (e.g.,
             active attempt to become pregnant or to impregnate, sperm donation, in vitro
             fertilization).

          -  If participating in sexual activity that could lead to pregnancy, the participant (men
             and women) had to agree to use two reliable methods of contraception simultaneously.

          -  Participants who were not of reproductive potential were eligible without requiring
             the use of contraceptives.

          -  Ability and willingness of the participant to provide written informed consent.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Breastfeeding

          -  Pregnant sexual partner for male participants with HCV genotype 1a infection who would
             receive RBV. This criterion did not apply to male participants with HCV genotype 1b
             infection who would not receive RBV.

          -  Known allergy/sensitivity or any hypersensitivity to components of study drugs or
             their formulation.

          -  Acute or serious illness requiring systemic treatment and/or hospitalization within 42
             days prior to study entry.

          -  Active hepatitis B infection (positive hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]) within 42
             days prior to study entry.

          -  History of decompensated liver disease (including but not limited to encephalopathy,
             variceal bleeding, or ascites) prior to study entry.

          -  Any cause of liver disease other than chronic HCV infection, including but not limited
             to the following: hemochromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson's disease,
             autoimmune hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, or drug-related liver disease.

          -  Uncontrolled or active depression or other psychiatric disorder within 24 weeks prior
             to study entry that in the opinion of the site investigator might preclude adherence
             to study requirements.

          -  Active drug or alcohol use or dependence that, in the opinion of the site
             investigator, would interfere with adherence to study requirements.

          -  Serious illness including uncontrolled seizure disorders, active coronary artery
             disease within 24 weeks prior to study entry, or other chronic medical conditions that
             in the opinion of the site investigator might preclude completion of the protocol.

          -  Presence of active or acute AIDS-defining opportunistic infections within 12 weeks
             prior to study entry.

          -  Active or history of malignancy within 5 years prior to study entry other than basal
             cell carcinoma of the skin and/or cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and/or cervical or
             anal dysplasia or carcinoma in situ.

          -  Clinically significant abnormal EKG, or EKG with QT interval corrected for heart rate
             (QTc) using Fridericia's correction formula (QTcF) greater than 450 msec within 42
             days of study entry.

          -  Use of colony stimulating factors, such as granulocyte colony stimulating factor
             (GCSF) or erythropoietin within 42 days of study entry.

          -  Infection with any HCV genotype other than genotype 1, or mixed genotype infection any
             time prior to study entry.

          -  History of major organ transplantation with an existing functional graft any time
             prior to study entry.

          -  History of hemoglobinopathy (e.g., thalassemia) or any other cause of or tendency to
             hemolysis any time prior to study entry.

          -  Anticoagulants such as Coumadin (Warfarin), Dicumarol, Plavix (Clopidrogel),
             low-molecular weight Heparin, Lovenox (Enoxaparin), or Dabigatran (Pradaxa), aspirin,
             and Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) within 2 weeks prior to entry.