Cabozantinib in Advanced Pancreatic Neuroendocrine and Carcinoid Tumors
Condition: Carcinoid Tumor; Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
MeSH terms: Neoplasms; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Carcinoid Tumor
Intervention: Cabozantinib
Intervention description: 60 mg QD orally in cycles of 28 days
Phase: Phase 2
Study type: Interventional
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Enrollment: 61.0
Sex: All
Minimum age: 18 Years
Healthy volunteers: No
Keywords: metastatic

Summary:

      Cabozantinib works by blocking the growth of new blood vessels that feed a tumor. In addition
      to blocking the formation of new blood cells in tumors, cabozantinib also blocks pathways
      that may be responsible for allowing cancers cells to become resistant to other
      "anti-angiogenic" drugs. Cabozantinib has been studied or is being study in research studies
      as a possible treatment for various types of cancer, including prostate cancer, brain cancer,
      thyroid cancer, lung cancer, and kidney cancer.

      In this research study, the investigators wish to learn if cabozantinib is effective in
      treating patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine and carcinoid tumors.
    

Eligibility criteria:

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Locally unresectable or metastatic, histologically-confirmed, carcinoid or pancreatic
             neuroendocrine tumor. Tumors must be considered well- or moderately-differentiated.
             Patients with poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma or cell carcinoma are
             excluded from the study.

          -  A tumor sample is required for enrollment (except for patients diagnosed > 7 years
             ago).

          -  Must have measurable disease by RECIST criteria

          -  Must have evidence of progressive disease within 12 months of study entry

          -  Prior or concurrent therapy with somatostatin analogs is permitted. If on
             somatostatin/octreotide, must be on a stable dose for at least two months.

          -  Age ≥ 18 years

          -  No major surgery or radiation in the prior 4 weeks prior to enrollment

          -  No prior therapy with cabozantinib

          -  ECOG Performance status ≤ 1

          -  Participants must have adequate organ and marrow function as defined below:

               -  Absolute neutrophil count > 1,500/mcL

               -  Platelets > 100,000/mcL

               -  Total bilirubin </= 1.5X normal institutional limits

               -  AST (SGOT) and ALT (SGPT) </=2.5x normal institutional limits, or < 5x if liver
                  metastases are present

               -  Creatinine </= 1.5x normal institutional limits or creatinine clearance >
                  50mL/min

               -  Urine Protein:Creatinine ratio of <1

               -  Lipase < 1.5X upper limit of normal

               -  Serum Albumin ≥ 2.8 g/dl

          -  Sexually active subjects must agree to use medically accepted methods of birth control
             during the course of the study and for 3 months following discontinuation of study
             treatments (excluding women who are not of child bearing potential and men who have
             been sterilized).

          -  Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.

        Exclusion Criteria

          -  Subjects receiving any other standard or investigational anticancer agents, with the
             exception of somatostatin/octreotide therapy. If patients has received prior cytotoxic
             chemotherapy, must be at least three weeks since last treatment before first dose of
             study treatment.

          -  Major surgery or radiation treatment <4 weeks prior to enrollment. In addition, cannot
             have received radiation to the thorax or gastrointestinal tract within three months of
             the first dose of study treatment.

          -  Cannot have received radionuclide treatment within 6 weeks of first dose of study
             treatment.

          -  High grade or poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors

          -  Ongoing immunosuppression with systemic steroids or other immune modulator

          -  Presence of CNS metastatic disease

          -  Uncontrolled hypertension defined by SBP > 140 or DBP > 90 despite titration of anti
             hypertensive medications

          -  No uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active
             infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac
             arrhythmia other than chronic atrial fibrillation, or psychiatric illness/social
             situations that would limit compliance with study requirements. Congestive heart
             failure or symptomatic coronary artery disease within 3 months prior to enrollment

          -  Cerebrovascular accident within prior 6 months

          -  The subject has a history of clinically significant hematemesis or a recent history of
             hemoptysis of > 2.5 mL of red blood or other signs indicative of pulmonary hemorrhage
             or evidence of endobronchial lesion(s).

          -  The subject has a pulmonary lesion abutting or encasing a major blood vessel.

          -  Previous history of pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis

          -  The subject requires concomitant treatment, in therapeutic doses, with anticoagulants
             such as warfarin or Coumadin-related agents, heparin, thrombin or FXa inhibitors, and
             antiplatelet agents (eg, clopidogrel). Low dose aspirin (≤ 81 mg/day), low-dose
             warfarin (≤ 1 mg/day), and prophylactic Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) are
             permitted.

          -  At the time of screening, active peptic ulcer disease or active inflammatory bowel
             disease (including ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease), diverticulitis,
             cholecystitis, symptomatic cholangitis, or appendicitis.

          -  History of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation, bowel obstruction, gastric
             outlet obstruction, or intra-abdominal abscess within six months of study enrollment.

          -  History of GI surgery within the past 28 days. If >28 days since GI surgery, must have
             confirmation of complete healing before initiating treatment with study drug.

          -  Other disorders associated with a high risk of fistula formation, including PEG tube
             placement within 3 months before the first dose of study therapy or concurrent
             evidence of intraluminal tumor involving the trachea or esophagus.

          -  Other clinically significant disorders such as:

               -  Active infection requiring systemic treatment

               -  Serious non-healing wound/ulcer/bone fracture

               -  History of organ transplant

               -  Concurrent uncompensated hypothyroidism or thyroid dysfunction

               -  History of major surgery within 4 weeks or minor surgical procedures within one
                  week before randomization

          -  The subject has a corrected QT interval calculated by the Fridericia formula > 500ms
             within 28 days before randomization.

          -  Severely impaired lung function

          -  Concurrent malignancy (other than non-melanoma skin cancer) diagnosed within the past
             3 years or any currently active malignancy

          -  Pregnant women are excluded from this study due to the potential for teratogenic or
             abortifacient effects. Because there is an unknown but potential risk of adverse
             events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with the treatment
             protocol, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated on protocol.