Pembrolizumab and GM-CSF in Biliary Cancer
Condition: Biliary Cancer
MeSH terms: Biliary Tract Neoplasms
Intervention: Pembrolizumab; Sargramostim
Intervention description: 200 mg given intravenously (IV); 250 µg given subcutaneously (SC)
Intervention MeSH terms: Pembrolizumab; Sargramostim
Phase: Phase 2
Study type: Interventional
Primary purpose: Treatment
Intervention model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Enrollment: 42.0
Sex: All
Minimum age: 18 Years
Healthy volunteers: No
Keywords: Advanced; Locally-advanced; Not eligible for resection; Prior chemotherapy treatment

Summary:

      This is an open label phase II trial to examine efficacy and safety of a novel combination of
      pembrolizumab plus induction GM-CSF in patients with advanced biliary cancers treated at
      University of California, San Francisco (UCSF).

      This phase II study will examine the efficacy and safety of the novel combination of
      pembrolizumab plus induction GM-CSF in advanced biliary cancer patients with the hypotheses
      that the combination may increase proportion of patients with overall response compared to
      contemporary historical controls, with acceptable safety.
    

Eligibility criteria:

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Be willing and able to provide written informed consent for the trial.

          -  Have a performance status of 0 or 1 on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)
             Performance Scale.

          -  Demonstrate adequate organ function

               -  Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,000/microliter (mcL)(performed within 28
                  days of treatment initiation)

               -  Platelets >= 60,000/mcL (>= 75,000/mcL in expansion cohort) (performed within 28
                  days of treatment initiation)

               -  Hemoglobin >= 9 g/dL or >= 5.6 mmol/L without transfusion or erythropoietin (EPO)
                  dependency (within 7 days of assessment) (performed within 28 days of treatment
                  initiation)

               -  Serum creatinine =< 1.5 X upper limit of normal (ULN) OR measured or calculated
                  creatinine clearance (glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can also be used in place
                  of creatinine or creatinine clearance (CrCl)) >= 60 mL/min for subject with
                  creatinine levels > 1.5 X institutional ULN (performed within 28 days of
                  treatment initiation)

               -  Serum total bilirubin =< 1.5 X ULN OR direct bilirubin =< ULN for subjects with
                  total bilirubin levels > 1.5 ULN (performed within 28 days of treatment
                  initiation)

               -  Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT))
                  and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT))
                  =< 5 X ULN (performed within 28 days of treatment initiation)

               -  Albumin >= 2.5 mg/dL (performed within 28 days of treatment initiation)

               -  International normalized ratio (INR) or prothrombin time (PT) =< 1.5 X ULN unless
                  subject is receiving anticoagulant therapy as long as prothrombin time (PT) or
                  partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is within therapeutic range of intended use of
                  anticoagulants (performed within 28 days of treatment initiation)

               -  Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) =< 1.5 X ULN unless subject is
                  receiving anticoagulant therapy as long as PT or PTT is within therapeutic range
                  of intended use of anticoagulants (performed within 28 days of treatment
                  initiation)

          -  Patients with known hepatitis B (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are
             eligible provided liver function parameters meet laboratory eligibility criteria

          -  Female subjects of childbearing potential should be willing to use 2 methods of birth
             control or be surgically sterile, or abstain from heterosexual activity for the course
             of the study through 120 days after the last dose of study medication

          -  Male subjects should agree to use an adequate method of contraception starting with
             the first dose of study therapy through 120 days after the last dose of study therapy.

        ADDITIONAL EXPANSION COHORT SUBJECT INCLUSION CRITERIA

          -  Tumor measurable by RECIST 1.1 including >= 1 target lesion not planned for biopsy

          -  Presence of >= 1 tumor lesion not included as a RECIST 1.1 target lesion which is
             assessed by investigator and/or radiologist as likely to be amenable to percutaneous
             biopsy by punch, computed tomography (CT)-, or ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy
             for serial sampling on treatment

          -  Platelet count >= 75,000/mcL

          -  No contraindication to tumor biopsy at time of study enrollment

          -  Consent for on-treatment paired biopsies

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Is currently participating and receiving study therapy or has participated and
             received study therapy in a study of an investigational agent, or used an
             investigational device within 4 weeks of the first dose of treatment.

          -  Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving systemic steroid therapy for
             purposes of immunosuppression or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7
             days prior to the first dose of trial treatment.

          -  Has a known history of active Bacillus Tuberculosis (TB).

          -  Has a known history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (HIV 1/2 antibodies).

          -  Has untreated active Hepatitis B (e.g., HBsAg reactive).

          -  Has an active infection requiring systemic antibiotic therapy at time of enrollment.

             • Treatment with antibiotic prophylaxis for indwelling biliary stent(s) or
             peri-procedural antibiotics for uncomplicated biliary stent exchanges is allowed and
             not an exclusion

          -  Hypersensitivity to pembrolizumab or any of its excipients.

          -  Has received treatment with an anti-cancer monoclonal antibody (mAb) within 4 weeks
             prior to study Day 1 or who has not recovered (i.e., ≤ Grade 1 or at baseline) from
             adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier.

          -  Has received treatment with chemotherapy, targeted small molecule therapy, or
             radiation therapy to non-liver sites within 2 weeks prior to study Day 1 or who has
             not recovered (i.e., ≤ Grade 1 or at baseline) from adverse events due to a previously
             administered agent administered more than 2 weeks earlier.

          -  Has had prior chemoembolization, bland embolization, radioembolization, local ablative
             therapies, radiation to liver tumors, or major surgery such as liver resection within
             4 weeks prior to study enrollment or who has not recovered (i.e., ≤ Grade 1 or at
             baseline) from adverse events due to intervention more than 4 weeks earlier.

          -  Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or requires active treatment.
             Exceptions include basal cell carcinoma of the skin or squamous cell carcinoma of the
             skin that has undergone potentially curative therapy or in situ cervical cancer.

          -  Has known active central nervous system (CNS) metastases and/or carcinomatous
             meningitis. Subjects with previously treated brain metastases may participate provided
             they are stable (without evidence of progression by imaging for at least four weeks
             prior to the first dose of trial treatment and any neurologic symptoms have returned
             to baseline), have no evidence of new or enlarging brain metastases, and are not using
             steroids for at least 7 days prior to trial treatment.

          -  Has active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years
             (i.e. with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive
             drugs). Replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid
             replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a
             form of systemic treatment.

          -  Has known history of or any evidence of active, non-infectious pneumonitis.

          -  Has had prior liver or other organ transplantation.

          -  Has a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality
             that might confound the results of the trial, interfere with the subject's
             participation for the full duration of the trial, or is not in the best interest of
             the subject to participate, in the opinion of the treating investigator.

          -  Has known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with
             cooperation with the requirements of the trial.

          -  Is pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the
             projected duration of the trial, starting with the pre-screening or screening visit
             through 120 days after the last dose of trial treatment.

          -  Has received prior therapy with an anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti-PD-L2 agent.

          -  Has received a live vaccine within 30 days of planned start of study therapy.