Clinical Trial to Evaluation the Safety and Efficacy of GR-MD-02 for the Treatment of Liver Fibrosis and Resultant Portal Hypertension in Patients With Nash Cirrhosis
Condition: Hypertension, Portal
MeSH terms: Liver Cirrhosis; Hypertension, Portal; Hypertension; Fibrosis
Intervention: GR-MD-02; Placebo
Intervention description: GR MD 02 (galactoarabino rhamnogalacturonate), a complex carbohydrate drug that binds to galectin 3; Placebo for GR-MD-02
Phase: Phase 2
Study type: Interventional
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Enrollment: 162.0
Sex: All
Minimum age: 18 Years
Maximum age: 75 Years
Healthy volunteers: No
Keywords: Liver Cirrhosis

Summary:

      Study GT 026 is a Phase 2, multicenter, parallel group, North American, randomized, placebo
      controlled, double blind study. This study will enroll subjects with portal hypertension
      (HVPG greater than or equal to 6 mm Hg) who also have a liver biopsy with cirrhosis (Ishak
      stage 5 or 6), presumably due to NASH, excluding subjects with medium and large varices and
      those with decompensated cirrhosis.

      Subjects with portal hypertension and cirrhosis will be randomly assigned (1:1:1 ratio) to
      receive 1 of 3 treatment assignments including placebo, GR MD 02 in a dose of 2 mg/kg lean
      body mass, or GR MD 02 in a dose of 8 mg/kg lean body mass administered every other week over
      a 52 week period for a total of 26 intravenous infusions. The primary endpoint analysis is
      the baseline adjusted change in HVPG at 1 year (53 55 weeks) in subjects treated with placebo
      as compared to subjects treated with GR MD 02 (2 mg/kg/week or 8 mg/kg/week).

      An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with evaluation for varices, HVPG, and liver biopsy will
      be performed before the first infusion and after the final 26th dose of the investigational
      medicinal product (IMP). Additionally, subjects will undergo a FibroScan (if available) prior
      to the first infusion, at Infusion Visit 13, and 14 to 28 days following final 26th infusion,
      an methacetin breath test (MBT), will be performed if available at screening, at Infusion
      Visit 13, and 14 to 28 days after the final infusion, and blood will be collected for
      assessment of biomarkers.

      All subjects are to attend 2 postdose visits: the first will occur 14 to 28 days after the
      final dose administration and a second will occur 14 days following the first postdose visit.

      Subjects will be offered enrollment into a subsequent separate study, an open label extension
      study, if there is adequate tolerability and no safety issues or signs of clinical
      progression that would recommend discontinuation.

      Subjects who do not enroll in the open label extension study will be contacted via telephone
      every 6 months for 2 years and annually thereafter for a total of 4 years.
    

Eligibility criteria:

        Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Has a HVPG measurement ≥6 mm Hg.

          2. Has a liver biopsy with cirrhosis (Ishak stage 5 or 6) presumably due to NASH. A liver
             biopsy diagnosis of cirrhosis presumably due to NASH will include the following 3
             categories:

               -  Cirrhosis with a definitive pathological diagnosis of NASH (presence of fat,
                  ballooning degeneration, and inflammation);

               -  Cirrhosis wherein the biopsy contains either fat (>5%) or ballooning hepatocytes
                  with no evidence of viral hepatitis or other liver disease; or

               -  Cirrhosis with no evidence of viral hepatitis or other liver disease in a subject
                  with at least a 5 year history of obesity (BMI ≥30) or at least a 5 year history
                  of diabetes mellitus (as defined by diagnosis by a physician and treatment with
                  at least 1 antidiabetic medication).

          3. Is ≥18 years of age and ≤75 years of age at the time of screening.

          4. Absence of hepatocellular carcinoma by valid imaging (liver ultrasound, triple phase
             computed tomography of liver or magnetic resonance imaging of liver) within 6 months
             prior to randomization. If there is not such test available, then it should be
             performed as part of standard of care.

          5. Is willing and able to provide written informed consent prior to the initiation of any
             study specific procedures.

          6. Is not pregnant and must have a negative serum pregnancy test result prior to
             randomization.

          7. If a fertile man or woman participating in heterosexual relations, agrees to use
             effective means of contraception (ie, 2 effective methods of contraception, one of
             which must be a physical barrier method).

             • Effective forms of contraception include condom, hormonal methods (birth control
             pills, injections or implants), diaphragm, cervical cap, or intrauterine device
             throughout his/her participation in this study and for 90 days after discontinuation
             of study treatment. Surgically sterile males and females are not required to use
             contraception provided they have been considered surgically sterile for at least 6
             months. Surgical sterility includes history of vasectomy, hysterectomy, bilateral
             salpingo oophorectomy, or bilateral tubal ligation. Postmenopausal women who have been
             amenorrheic for at least 2 years at the time of screening will be considered sterile.

          8. If a lactating woman, agrees to discontinue nursing before the start of study
             treatment and refrain from nursing until 90 days after the last dose of study
             treatment.

          9. If a man, agrees to refrain from sperm donation throughout the study period and for a
             period of 90 days following the last dose of IMP. Female subjects may not begin a
             cycle of ova donation or harvest throughout the study period and for a period of 90
             days following the last dose of IMP.

         10. Prior to randomization, any subject on statins, angiotensin converting enzyme
             inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, or β 1 selective adrenergic receptor
             inhibitors should have been on a stable dose for at least 2 months and all attempts
             should be made to continue the subject on the same dose of the medication for the
             duration of study participation.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Has a history of hepatic decompensation including any episode of variceal bleeding,
             ascites not controlled by medication, or overt hepatic encephalopathy (defined by the
             clinical judgment of the principal investigator but shall include the presence of
             lethargy, disorientation, inappropriate behavior, and the presence of asterixis).

          2. Has a presence of medium or large varices or varices with red signs regardless of size
             based on endoscopy.

               -  Small varices are defined by veins that occupy <25% of the distal one third of
                  the esophageal lumen when insufflated. Veins that completely flatten upon
                  insufflation of the esophagus are not conserved varices. Any varices larger than
                  that are medium (up to 50%) or large (>50%).

               -  Red signs include red wale markings (dilated venules oriented longitudinally on
                  the variceal surface), cherry red spots (small, red, spotty dilated venules
                  usually approximately 2 mm in diameter on the variceal surface) or hematocystic
                  spots (large, round, crimson red projection >3 mm that look like a blood blister
                  on the variceal surface).

          3. Has had a prior transjugular porto systemic shunt procedure.

          4. Has evidence of other forms of chronic liver disease including viral hepatitis B or C,
             primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, Wilson's disease, alpha 1
             antitrypsin deficiency, alcoholic hepatitis, hemochromatosis, liver cancer, history of
             biliary diversion, or autoimmune hepatitis.

          5. Has any of the following laboratory values:

               -  Serum alanine aminotransferase levels >10 × the upper limits of normal

               -  Serum aspartate aminotransferase levels >10 × the upper limits of normal

               -  Platelet count <60 000/mm3

                  *. Serum albumin ≤2.8 g/dL

               -  International normalized ratio (INR) ≥1.7

               -  Direct bilirubin ≥2.0 mg/dL

               -  Alpha fetoprotein >200 ng/mL

          6. Has a Model End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score ≥15 or Child Turcotte Pugh Class B or
             C.

          7. Has an estimated creatinine clearance of <50 mL/minute. Glomerular filtration rate
             will be estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation (Cockcroft 1976):

               -  Males: CrCl (mL/min) = ([140 - age] × weight) / (SCr × 72)

               -  Females: CrCl (mL/min) = ([140 - age]) × weight) / (SCr × 72)] × 0.85

               -  Where CrCl is creatinine clearance, age is in years, weight is in kg, and SCr is
                  serum creatinine in mg/dL

          8. Is unwilling or unable to safely undergo HVPG or liver biopsy.

          9. Has known positivity for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or a positive
             HIV test result at screening.

         10. Has had major surgery within 8 weeks of randomization, significant traumatic injury
             within 6 months, or anticipation of need for major surgical procedure during the
             course of the study.

         11. Has a history of a solid organ transplant requiring current immunosuppression therapy.

         12. Has used nonselective β adrenergic inhibitors within 6 weeks prior to randomization.

         13. Has planned or anticipated variceal ligation therapy during the study.

         14. Has had weight reduction surgery within the past 3 years or plans to undergo weight
             reduction surgery during the study.

         15. Has current, significant alcohol consumption or a history of significant alcohol
             consumption for a period of more than 3 consecutive months any time within 1 year
             prior to screening.

             • Significant alcohol consumption is defined as more than 20 grams per day in females
             and more than 30 grams per day in males. On average, a standard drink in the United
             States is considered to be 14 grams of alcohol, equivalent to 12 fluid ounces of
             regular beer (5% alcohol), 5 fluid ounces of table wine (12% alcohol), or 1.5 fluid
             ounces of 80 proof spirits (40% alcohol).

             A score of ≥8 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) (Babor 2000)
             will result in exclusion.

         16. Has a positive urine screen result for amphetamines, cocaine, or nonprescription
             opiates (heroin, morphine) at screening.

         17. Has clinically significant and uncontrolled cardiovascular disease (eg, uncontrolled
             hypertension, myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to randomization, unstable
             angina), New York Heart Association Grade II or greater congestive heart failure,
             serious cardiac arrhythmia requiring devise/ablation or Grade II or greater peripheral
             vascular disease within 12 months prior to randomization.

         18. Has a history of clinically significant hematologic, renal, hepatic, pulmonary,
             neurological, psychiatric, gastrointestinal, systemic inflammatory, metabolic or
             endocrine disorder or any other condition that, in the opinion of the investigator,
             renders the subject a poor candidate for inclusion into the study.

         19. Has concurrent infection including diagnoses of fever of unknown origin at the time of
             randomization.

         20. Has a history of malignancy, except for the following: adequately treated
             nonmetastatic basal cell skin cancer; any other type of skin cancer, except melanoma,
             that has been adequately treated and has not recurred for at least 1 year prior to
             enrollment; and adequately treated in situ cervical cancer that has not recurred for
             at least 1 year prior to screening.

         21. Participates in an investigational new drug study within 30 days prior to
             randomization (including follow up visits) or at any time during the current study.

         22. Has a clinically significant medical or psychiatric condition considered high risk for
             participation in an investigational study.

         23. Fails to give informed consent.

         24. Has known allergies to the IMP or any of its excipients.

         25. Has previously received GR-MD-02 within 6 months of randomization.

         26. Is an employee or family member of the investigator or study center personnel.