Developing a Smoking Cessation Intervention for Methadone Maintained Smokers
Condition: Nicotine Dependence; Opiate Dependence
MeSH terms: Tobacco Use Disorder; Opioid-Related Disorders
Intervention: Intensive, tailored intervention; NJ Quitline Referral
Intervention description: Eight, 45 minute counseling sessions, tailored to the individual and based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model of behavior change. Incorporates motivational interviewing, education, cognitive-behavioral skills training. 12 week course of nicotine replacement patches provided. Nicotine lozenges also provided.; Participants will receive a facilitated referral to the NJ Quitline (i.e. fax to quit).
Intervention MeSH terms: Methadone
Phase: Phase 1
Study type: Interventional
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Enrollment: 87.0
Sex: All
Minimum age: 18 Years
Healthy volunteers: No
Keywords: smoking cessation; methadone treatment; nicotine addiction; drug treatment; drug addiction; tobacco dependence

Summary:

      The purpose of this study is to pilot and evaluate, in a randomized controlled trial, the
      immediate and long-term effects of a newly developed, tailored, intensive smoking cessation
      intervention among methadone maintained smokers and compared to a control condition
      (facilitated referral to the NJ Quitline). The newly developed intervention is evidence
      based, addresses the unique needs of methadone maintained smokers, is intensive, can be
      tailored to the individual, and builds on the strengths as well as addresses the gaps in
      previous treatments for methadone maintained smokers.

      The investigators hypothesize that: (1) three months and six months after beginning
      treatment, those in the tailored intervention condition will be more likely to be abstinent
      from smoking than those in the control intervention condition (primary outcome); (2) there
      will be a greater relapse rate in the control intervention condition between the three and
      six month follow-up points than in the tailored intervention condition; (3) three and six
      months after beginning treatment, those in the tailored intervention condition will have
      better secondary smoking related outcomes (smoked fewer cigarettes per day in the past week,
      be more ready to quit, have greater self-efficacy for quitting, experience less nicotine
      dependence, and be more likely to have made a quit attempt) than those in the control
      intervention condition; (4) three and six months after beginning treatment, those in the
      tailored intervention condition will have better utilization of and adherence to smoking
      cessation pharmacotherapy, better mental and physical health, less perceived stress, greater
      social support, less drug and alcohol use, and greater involvement in drug and alcohol
      treatment than those in the control intervention condition; and (5) the newly created
      tailored intervention will be feasible and acceptable. .
    

Eligibility criteria:

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Enrolled in methadone treatment for at least three months

          -  Able to give informed consent

          -  Willing and able to participate in all study activities

          -  Smoked at least 100 cigarettes during their lifetime

          -  Currently smoke every day or most days

          -  Has access to a working telephone

          -  Interested in participating in a smoking cessation intervention and quitting smoking
             within the next six months

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Unable to speak English fluently

          -  Took smoking cessation related medication or participated in smoking cessation
             counseling in the past three months

          -  Pregnant or breastfeeding or planning on becoming pregnant or breastfeeding during the
             next six months