The Turkish Version of the OSTRC Questionnaires
Condition: Sports Injury
MeSH terms: Athletic Injuries
Study type: Observational [Patient Registry]

Summary: 
      Exposure to repetitive activities and heavy workloads makes athletes vulnerable to overuse
      injuries over time. Well-timed detection of these injuries is crucial to maintaining their
      sports career healthily. The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre questionnaires for Overuse
      Injury (OSTRC-O) and Health Problems (OSTRC-H) are universally used as valid and reliable
      tools in athlete health screening. This study aims to make them available for Turkish
      athletes.

      The internal consistency, reproducibility, and validity of the questionnaires were analyzed.
      Data were obtained from 72 athletes from different sports types. 33 participants were
      screened weekly for six weeks to detect score changes and calculate effect sizes.
      Participants filled out the OSTRC-O, the OSTRC-H, the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort
      Questionnaire (CMDQ), and the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) for validity analyses. The
      internal consistency and test-retest reliability values were very high for both
      questionnaires. There was a moderate correlation between OSTRC-O and OSTRC-H scores with CMDQ
      and NHP. The area under the curve (AUC) values were adequate for all scales. The effect size
      values were moderate for all scales. Turkish versions of the OSTRC-O and OSTRC-H
      questionnaires are valid and reliable tools for Turkish-speaking athletes in different sports
      branches.
    

Detailed description: 
      Introduction and Aims All athletes are vulnerable to acute traumas or cumulative injuries
      throughout their sports life. Thus, screening the health levels of athletes and investigating
      whether they have overuse injuries is essential both to prevent acute traumas and improve
      health and performance. There is no valid and reliable subjective measurement tool to perform
      this screening in athletes in Turkish currently. However, the valid and reliable "Oslo Sports
      Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire - (OSTRC)" questionnaires are available
      in English. So the investigators aimed to adapt the OSTRC- Overuse (OSTRC-O) and the
      OSTRC-Health Questionnaire (OSTRC-H) into Turkish.

      Methods Permission was obtained from the developer authors. Then, ethical approval was
      acquired from the clinical researches ethics committee. Questionnaires were adapted into
      Turkish systematically. A pilot study was conducted to ensure the accuracy of meaning and
      comprehensibility of translated questionnaires. Next, the validity and reliability of the new
      tools were estimated. 72 athletes aged between 18 and 35, who can understand and speak
      Turkish fluently from various sports branches, were included. Informed consent was obtained
      from all athletes. The demographics of the participants were recorded. All participants were
      administered the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ), Nottingham Health
      Profile (NHP), OSTRC-O, and OSTRC-H questionnaires. The OSTRC-O OSTRC-H and CMDQ
      questionnaires were repeated weekly for six weeks on 33 athletes.

      Reliability was analyzed by internal consistency and test-retest methods. The validity of the
      scale was evaluated in terms of content validity and concurrent validity. Content validity
      was verified with reports of participants at the end of the sixth week. To evaluate the
      concurrent validity, total OSTRC scores were compared with the total scores of CMDQ and NHP.
      Correlations of the OSTRC-O and OSTRC-H change scores with CMDQ change scores separately were
      assessed throughout the six weeks in point of the Effect Size (ES) for responsiveness.
      Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve test based on the area under the curve (AUC)
      depicted to define the performance of these assessment tools. Statistical analyses were
      performed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Program.
    

Intervention name(s): survey administration
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): Outcome Measures
Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Athletes aged between 18 and 35, who can understand and speak Turkish fluently from various
        sports branches
      
Keywords: overuse injury; athlete health; outcome measures; validity and reliability study