The Effect of Combined Ephedrine and Lidocaine Pretreatment on Pain and Hemodynamic Changes Due to Propofol Injection
Condition: Pain Due to Propofol Injection; Hemodynamic Changes Due to Propofol Injection
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2

Summary: 
      Objectives: Injection pain and hypotension are two main adverse effects of propofol which
      distresses patient. The aim of this prospective double blind study was to compare the effect
      of ephedrine -lidocaine combination with lidocaine and ephedrine on injection pain and
      hemodynamic changes due to propofol induction.

      Methods: 165 adult patients, aged 20 to 60 yr, Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5
      groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30microgram/kg (E30),
      ephedrine 70 microgram/kg(E70), lidocaine 0.5mg/kg -ephedrine 30 microgram/kg(LE) or 2ml
      saline (S) intravenously. After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was
      injected. Face pain scale and verbal rating scale, arterial blood pressure and heart rate
      were recorded before induction, just before intubation, and one minute after intubation
    


Intervention name(s): Ephedrine 30microgram/kg; lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg; ephedrine 70 microgram/kg; lidocaine 0.5mg/kg; normal saline 2ml
Intervention type(s): Drug; Drug; Drug; Drug; Drug
Intervention description(s): Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5
groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected; Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5
groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected; Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5
groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected; Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5
groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected; Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5
groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected
Intervention MeSH terms: Lidocaine; Ephedrine; Pseudoephedrine
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Prevention
Keywords: propofol; ephedrine; pain