CBCT Analysis of the Craniofacial Architecture in Young, Non-overweight Apneic Adult Phenotype
Condition: OSA
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      This prospective, controlled study will compare the 3D cephalometric analysis of bone and
      craniofacial soft tissues in young (18-35 years) non-overweight apneic adults phenotype
      between a test group (with AHI 15) and a control group (healthy subjects with AHI < 15).
    

Detailed description: 
      Objectives The goal of this study is to determine an accurate bone and soft tissue phenotype
      for the non-overweight apneic young adult.

      Materials and Methods This study was approved by the ethics medical committee of the
      University hospital of Liege.

      This prospective, controlled study will compare cephalometric 3D analysis of bone and
      craniofacial soft tissue phenotype of young, non-overweight apneic adults using cephalometric
      3D analysis between a test group (with AHI 15) and a control group (healthy subjects with AHI
      < 15).

      The inclusion criteria were : (1) patients aged between 18 and 35 years ; (2) Body Mass Index
      (BMI) lower than 30kg/m² ; (3) alcohol consumption less than 4 unit per day ; (4) tabacco use
      less than 6 cigarettes per day ; (5) no illicit drug use ; and (6) absence of chronic
      pathology or medication.

      The exclusion criteria were : (1) presence of an acute illness on the day of admission ; (2)
      patients treated with orthognathic surgery after apnea screening ; (3) patients with
      polysomnography with a sleep treatment device (PPCN or Mandibular advancement device).

      The test group consisted of 23 patients (9 girls and 14 boys) recruited in polysomnography in
      sleep center of CHU Liege for suspected sleep disorders between 1 january 2022 and 1 april
      2023.

      Concerning the control group, the participants, healthy adults volunteers are recruited among
      friends and families of students who collaborate with sleep center for scientific projects.
      These subjects have no complaints related to OSA and will have to undergo a sleep examination
      (ventilatory polygraphy) to certify the absence of OSA. This group consisted of 23 patients
      (14 girls and 9 boys).

      This study takes place in two stages. First, all patient are invited to an initial
      consultation where question about demographics (age, weight, height, gender) and medical
      history will be asked. At the end of this consultation, only patient of the control group
      leave with a sleep monitor to record their sleep for one night.

      Afterwards, all patients (test and control group) will be invited to undergo a super low dose
      CBCT in the supine position at CHU Sart Tilman University Hospital.

      Demographics and orthodontics data A general history will be taken, including gender, age,
      height, weight, medical and surgical history (e.g. presence/absence of tonsils and
      vegetations), current or past regular medication use, presence of allergies associated with
      allergic rhinitis, presence of asthma and presence of parafunctions.

      Cephalometric data An ultra low dose CBCT ( 300μm resolution) will be performed in each
      patient with a field of 16x18 cm. A computerized 3D analysis will be performed with Dolphin
      Imaging 11.95 software. All these tools will allow the collection of the following data:
      parameters concerning the morphological typology and growth potential, the base of the skull,
      the maxilla, the mandible, the inter-maxillary relationship, the pharynx, the airways as well
      as the volumes of the different structures.

      Sleep data The data will be collected by means of the epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and a
      sleep recording of the polysomnography at the hospital type (AASM type 1 sleep recording) for
      the test group and of the ventilatory polygraph type (AASM type 3 sleep recording) for the
      control group.
    

Intervention name(s): CBCT
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): CBCT examination in supine position A computerized 3D-analysis using Dolphin Imaging 11.95 software was performed in each CBCT.
Observational model: Other
Time perspective: Other
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Young people (18-35 years) non-overweight apneic divided into 2 groups: a test group (with
        AHI 15) and a control group (healthy subjects with AHI < 15).
      
Keywords: Young no-overweight adult; OSA; cephalometry; 3D