Assessment of Cloth Face Coverings as Source Control Under Laboratory and Simulated Field Conditions
Condition: Masks
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Cloth masks have been evaluated as a potential substitute for personal protective equipment
      (PPE) and found lacking. Prior to the COVID-19 outbreak, the use of cloth masks was limited
      and the focus of the limited research available was on the filtration of various fabrics in
      comparison to either surgical masks or N95 respirators. The Centers for Disease Control and
      Prevention (CDC) guidance for the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak makes it clear that cloth
      masks are not to be considered as PPE for healthcare workers and should be used in the
      healthcare setting only as a last resort when no other masks or respirators are available.
      While cloth masks are not recommended to be used as PPE, the use of cloth masks as primary
      source control has not yet been examined.
    

Detailed description: 
      This study will recruit children ages 6-11 and adults ages 18-65 living in the
      Atlanta/Metro-Atlanta area.

      Participants will be randomly assigned to wear one of four different masks. These masks are
      created by combining one of two different kinds of fabric (flannel or twill) and one of two
      attachment devices (elastic ear loops or fabric ties). Additionally, adult participants will
      be randomly assigned to wear the mask while walking on a treadmill at either 1.5 mph or 3.0
      mph. While wearing each mask, participants will perform the following sequence of activities:
      In a normal standing position, participants will 1) breathe normally (without talking), 2)
      breathe slowly and deeply, taking caution so as not to hyperventilate, 3) slowly turn his/her
      head from side to side between the extreme positions on each side, 4) slowly move his/her
      head up and down, inhaling in the up position (i.e., when looking toward the ceiling), 5)
      count up from 0-20 loudly and slowly, 6) grimace by smiling or frowning, 7) bend at the waist
      as if he/she were to touch his/her toes, and 8) breathe normally (without talking). Each
      activity will be performed for 1 minute, except for the grimace exercise, which will be
      performed for 15 seconds.

      During the first two activities, the researcher will hold a mirror at each edge of the mask
      (nose, cheeks, and chin) to monitor whether there is fogging on the mirror. For the rest of
      the exercises, the researchers will note whether the mask lost its fit (e.g., slipping off
      the nose or face). Between activities, participants will be told to re-adjust the mask.

      In the second phase of research activities, participants will walk on a treadmill while
      wearing their randomly assigned mask. Adult participants will be assigned to a specific speed
      on the treadmill with no incline, either 1.5 mph, the 'light' activity level, or 3 mph, the
      'moderate' activity level. Child participants will only walk at 1.5 mph. Participants will
      walk on the treadmill for 10 minutes. Prior to the treadmill activity, the researcher will
      clip a probe to the participant's ear lobe that will measure transcutaneous carbon dioxide
      (CO2) (i.e., non-invasively) and pulse rate continuously during the performance of all
      physical activities. Prior to the treadmill activity, participants will rate the comfort of
      the mask. Near the end of the activity, participants will their perceived exertion and again
      rate the comfort of the mask. During the activity, participants will be free to adjust their
      masks as often as needed to maintain comfort and fit. The researcher will tally the frequency
      at which each participant adjusts their mask and the number of times that the mask lost its
      fit (e.g., slipping off the nose or face) and was not adjusted. Participants will complete a
      post-experiment questionnaire following all activities.
    

Intervention name(s): Flannel mask with ear loops; Flannel mask with ties; Twill mask with ear loops; Twill mask with ties
Intervention type(s): Other; Other; Other; Other
Intervention description(s): Participants will have a mask fit test and will wear a flannel mask with ear loops. While wearing the flannel mask, participants will perform a sequence of activities. The researchers will note whether the mask lost its fit (e.g., slipping off the nose or face). Between activities, participants will be told to re-adjust the mask. Participants will be assigned to a specific speed on a treadmill with no incline, either 1.5 mph, the 'light' activity level, or 3 mph, the 'moderate' activity level. They will walk on the treadmill for 10 minutes. Prior to the treadmill activity, participants will rate the comfort and fit of the mask. Near the end of the activity, participants will rate their perceived exertion and again rate the comfort of the mask. Participants will complete a post-experiment questionnaire following all activities.; Participants will have a mask fit test and will wear a flannel mask with ties. While wearing the flannel mask, participants will perform a sequence of activities. The researchers will note whether the mask lost its fit (e.g., slipping off the nose or face). Between activities, participants will be told to re-adjust the mask. Participants will be assigned to a specific speed on a treadmill with no incline, either 1.5 mph, the 'light' activity level, or 3 mph, the 'moderate' activity level. They will walk on the treadmill for 10 minutes. Prior to the treadmill activity, participants will rate the comfort of the mask. Near the end of the activity, participants will rate their perceived exertion and again rate the comfort of the mask. Participants will complete a post-experiment questionnaire following all activities.; Participants will have a mask fit test and will wear a twill mask with ear loops. While wearing the twill mask with ear loops, participants will perform a sequence of activities. The researchers will note whether the mask lost its fit (e.g., slipping off the nose or face). Between activities, participants will be told to re-adjust the mask. Participants will be assigned to a specific speed on a treadmill with no incline, either 1.5 mph, the 'light' activity level, or 3 mph, the 'moderate' activity level. They will walk on the treadmill for 10 minutes. Prior to the treadmill activity, participants will rate the comfort of the mask. Near the end of the activity, participants will rate their perceived exertion and again rate the comfort of the mask. Participants will complete a post-experiment questionnaire following all activities.; Participants will have a mask fit test and will wear a twill mask with ties. While wearing the twill mask with ties, participants will perform a sequence of activities. The researchers will note whether the mask lost its fit (e.g., slipping off the nose or face). Between activities, participants will be told to re-adjust the mask. Participants will be assigned to a specific speed on a treadmill with no incline, either 1.5 mph, the 'light' activity level, or 3 mph, the 'moderate' activity level. They will walk on the treadmill for 10 minutes. Prior to the treadmill activity, participants will rate the comfort of the mask. Near the end of the activity, participants will rate their perceived exertion and again rate the comfort of the mask. Participants will complete a post-experiment questionnaire following all activities.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Other