Effectiveness of App-based Positive Psychological Intervention on Patients Newly Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes
Condition: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The aim of this experimental study is to explore the effectiveness of app-based positive
      psychology intervention (PPI) on patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
    

Detailed description: 
      Positive psychological constructs (PPCs), such as optimism, gratitude, self-efficacy, and
      resilience have been considered to positively impact adherence and self-care behaviour of
      patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Moreover, diabetes self-care behaviours would be
      consistently improved as the PPCs have strengthened. Based on systematic reviews, the
      positive psychological intervention has significantly improved positive emotions, quality of
      life, self-efficacy, depression, optimism, gratitude, and well-being of patients with T2DM
      The strengthen of PPCs could be regarded as a strategy for improving type 2 diabetes
      self-management.

      Positive psychology intervention (PPI) emphasis enhancing PPCs via consciousness raising and
      enhancing personal strengths. With the systemic practice of PPI, it develops individual
      positive cognition and emotions. A previous Internet-based intervention study found that
      people have been taught positive emotional skills shown a significantly lower depression
      level than those having the daily emotional diary. Additionally, a one-group pre-post test
      study found that both optimism and gratitude have significantly increased after a 12-week
      phone-based PPI in patients with T2DM. Another one-group pretest-posttest study demonstrated
      that optimism and well-being had significantly increased after a 12-week PPI. Furthermore,
      optimism, gratitude, frustrated, depressive, and distress, diabetes self-care and health
      behaviours adherence have obvious improved. A recent study demonstrated that self-care
      behaviour and diet behaviour had significantly improved after a 16-week phone-based
      psychological-motivational interviewing intervention among the patients with Type 2 diabetes
      (T2DM) with 8 years duration of diabetes. Although previous studies have demonstrated the
      effectiveness of PPI on PPCs, only few studies investigate the impact on patients newly
      diagnosed with T2DM. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness of app-based
      PPI on patients newly diagnosed with T2DM.

      Patients newly diagnosed with T2DM of an endocrinology clinic in a medical center in northern
      Taiwan are assigned to the experimental group (n=57), while patients at an endocrinology
      clinic in southern Taiwan are assigned to the control group (n=113). Experimental group will
      have a 3-month App-based intervention, while the control group only have a diabetes-related
      health education by certificated diabetes educators. Outcome variables will be collected from
      medical records and self-reported questionnaires. A Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) is
      used to compare the changing amount of outcome variables from baseline to week at the end of
      intervention, to 3 months, and to 9 months post-intervention between a control group and
      experimental group. A p-value <.05 is considered statistically significant.
    

Intervention name(s): App-based Positive Psychological Intervention
Intervention type(s): Behavioral
Intervention description(s): The PPI has included a 12-week PPI lessons. Each lesson has separated into 3 parts: introduction, activity, and feedback. Diabetes-related health education will include the basic knowledge of diabetes, diet, and exercise related videos. Physical records include record of daily blood sugar, blood pressure, HbA1c, diet, and exercise. In terms of dietary records, the amount of carbohydrates of each food will be calculate automatically after documented. Exercise records documents the burn of calories of each exercise (per 30 minutes). Both unit of dietary and exercise are based on Health Promotion Administration's criteria in Taiwan. Moreover, participants are available to have one-on-one instant online consultation with their diabetes educators via App.
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention model description: Participants are assigned to two groups in parallel for the duration of the study
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: diabetes mellitus; self-care behaviors; quality of lofe