Femoral Cartilage Thickness in Parkinson's Disease
Condition: Parkinson Disease; Articular Cartilage Disorder; Ultrasonography
MeSH terms: Cartilage Diseases; Parkinson Disease
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, degenerative movement disorder
      characterized by motor and non-motor findings, and the incidence increases with age.There are
      different methods for the evaluation of articular cartilage in PD. The aim of this study is
      to examine the effect of cartilage thickness evaluated by US on disease stage, motor
      functions, balance and fall risks in individuals with Parkinson's Disease.
    

Detailed description: 
      Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, degenerative movement disorder
      characterized by motor and non-motor findings, and the incidence increases with age. It is
      the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's. Although the incidence of
      PD increases with age, early onset can also be seen in genetic variants. The prevalence of PD
      is 1% at the age of 65 and reaches 5% at the age of 85 years. Although the onset of the
      disease is usually between the ages of 65-70, the diagnosis is made under the age of 40 in 5%
      of patients. Although the progression process of PH varies between individuals, it has
      physical, psychological and socioeconomic effects on patients and families in the later
      stages of the disease. In the advanced stages of the disease, serious complications can be
      seen, including pneumonia, which can cause mortality.During the course of the disease,
      rigidity, resting tremor, postural instability, gait disturbance and bradykinesia
      characterized by progressive decrease in speed and amplitude of repetitive movements are the
      main cardinal motor findings. In addition to these findings, secondary motor symptoms such as
      bradymymia, dysarthria, and associated movements in the arm accompany the disease during its
      course.There are different methods for the evaluation of articular cartilage. Although
      arthroscopy is the most reliable of these methods, the fact that it is an invasive method
      limits its applicability. Magnetic Resonance imaging, on the other hand, is a reliable and
      non-invasive method, but it is expensive and some patients do not prefer this method due to
      claustrophobia, which limits its use. Although the most commonly used method today is
      conventional radiography, this method is insufficient to evaluate cartilage thickness. In
      recent years, ultrasonography (US) has found a very wide area of use for physicians dealing
      with musculoskeletal diseases.US is accepted as a cost-effective method that allows the
      patient to feel the least discomfort, provides simultaneous imaging, and allows repeated
      dynamic evaluations.In addition to being used in the diagnosis and follow-up of various
      diseases, it allows quantitative measurements of various structures. Likewise, in vivo and in
      vitro studies have reported that sagittal and axial measurements of femoral cartilage
      thickness using US measurement are reliable. The most important disease associated with
      cartilage loss in the literature is osteoarthritis.

      The aim of this study is to examine the effect of cartilage thickness evaluated by US on
      disease stage, motor functions, balance and fall risks in individuals with Parkinson's
      Disease.
    

Intervention name(s): Ultasonographic measurement
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): Ultrasonographic measurements of the patients will be evaluated by Dr. Merve Damla Korkmaz. Patients will be positioned in a semi-dark room with the knees fully flexed. Ultrasonographic measurements will be made to evaluate the femoral cartilage thickness of both knees, with images taken from the suprapatellar axillary position. Images of the intercondylar area, lateral and medial femoral condyles of the right and left knees will be taken and the measurements will be made from these areas, 3 measurements will be taken from each knee and the average of these measurements will be taken.
Observational model: Other
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        This study sample will be included with Parkinson's Disease Patient and healthy control
        group.