The Effects of Progressive Neuromuscular Exercise Program and Taping on Muscle Strength and Pain in Patellofemoral Pain
Condition: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome; Kinesiotape; Exercise; Strength
MeSH terms: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Neuromuscular exercise and taping are widely used in the rehabilitation of Patellofemoral
      Pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of corrective kinesio taping
      applied on patellofemoral joint and foot in addition to a progressive neuromuscular exercise
      program in women with Patellofemoral Pain on knee pain and muscle strength.
    

Detailed description: 
      Patellofemoral Pain (PFP) is characterized by pain localized in the peripatellar or
      retropatellar regions in young and physically active individuals . In patients with PFP,
      during single-leg squatting, an increase in the valgus of the knee joint due to hip abductor
      muscle weakness and in the internal rotation of the femur due to weakness of the hip external
      rotators and abductor muscles are observed. Theoretically it has been shown that faulty hip
      kinematics can increase lateral loading in the patellofemoral joint. Therefore, conducting
      exercises to strengthen the extensor, external rotator, and abductor muscles of the hip and
      lateral flexor muscles of the trunk are an important treatment approaches. Strengthening the
      quadriceps muscle is a widely used method of treating PFP. Previous studies suggest that hip
      and trunk exercises prescribed in combination with traditional quadriceps strengthening
      exercises are effective in reducing pain and improving function in patients with PFP .

      In recent years, kinesiotape is one of the widely used methods in the treatment of PFP. The
      correction of the abnormal patellar displacement, the reduction of the patellofemoral joint
      reaction forces, and the regulation of the activation of the vastus medialis muscle is
      provided with patellar taping. Patellar taping is recommended as part of evidence-based
      combined physiotherapy programs in the treatment of PFP . Increased pronation of the subtalar
      joint and the decrease / flattening of the medial arch height are associated with PFP.
      Prolonged pronation time is observed in subtalar and midtarsal joints during gait. To correct
      increased pronation, foot orthoses, low-dye taping and kinesio taping are applied . The
      effect of kinesiotaping on foot pronation, however, is unclear due to the lack of published
      studies.

      To our knowledge, although patellar taping is applied in patients with PFP no studies have
      examined the effects of kinesiotaping supporting the medial arch and allowing forefoot and
      hind foot to move within the normal range. The aim of this study was to investigate the
      effects of corrective kinesio taping applied on patellofemoral joint and foot in addition to
      a progressive neuromuscular exercise program in women with Patellofemoral Pain on knee pain
      and muscle strength.
    

Intervention name(s): progressive neuromuscular exercise program; Exercise and Taping
Intervention type(s): Other; Other
Intervention description(s): The exercises to be performed in the following week at the beginning of each week were explained by the researcher physiotherapist on the brochure and given as a home program and continued for a total of 12 weeks. The researcher physiotherapist saw the patients every week and carried out exercise compliance and control.; "I" taping for accurate positioning of the tissue was applied to the patients to neutralize the patellofemoral joint. During the knee flexion in the supine position, the tape was adhered to the skin with a moderate-to-extreme stretch (50%-75%) . Clinical therapeutic applications of the Kinesio taping methods (Tokyo, Japan: Ken Ikai Co Ltd.). In addition to the patellar taping, correction taping to neutralize the subtalar joint by elevating the midtarsal joint and medial arch was applied. The patients were positioned in prone lying and knee flexion position, the taping was started at the 5th metatarsal level on the dorsal side of the finger and finished extending towards the medial of the tibia . Tapings were renewed at the beginning of each week for 6 weeks.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single (Participant)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: strength; neuromuscular exercise; Kinesiotape; Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome