Manikin Study on Different Protocols of CPR (MANI-CPR)
Condition: Quality of Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The aim of the study is to verify whether the inclusion of breaks of different frequency and
      duration during the hands-only cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) could increase chest
      compressions quality during an 8-minutes scenario.
    

Detailed description: 
      Background:

      The focus on the hands-only CPR has grown a lot in the last years. The reasons for this are
      that it's more accepted by lay rescuers, it's easier to remember and to perform, and, above
      all, it has been demonstrated that it has the same efficacy than standard CPR at least in the
      first minutes after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), which are the minutes in which
      it is more probably that a lay rescuer can intervene. For these reasons ILCOR 2010 and also
      2015 guidelines recommended this technique for untrained bystanders or for bystanders who are
      unwilling to give rescue breaths. ILCOR 2010 and 2015 guidelines have also pointed out that
      it's not sufficient to perform only a CPR immediately after an OHCA. In fact they have
      stressed that this CPR must be an high-quality CPR, that is a CPR with compressions of
      adequate rate (between 100 and 120 per minute) and adequate depth (between 5 and 6 cm), with
      complete chest recoil between compressions and minimizing interruptions between compressions.
      This because it has been shown that an high-quality CPR can improve the survival after an
      OHCA. It has also been demonstrated that the quality of hands-only CPR decades after 1
      minute, and considering that the mean time intervention of Emergency Medical System (EMS) on
      a cardiac arrest scenario in Europe is about 8 minute, it's easy to comprehend that it is
      very difficult to perform an high-quality CPR with the hands-only technique. It has also been
      shown that a 10-seconds pause in the hands-only CPR protocol can increase its quality, but,
      at the moment, there is not a shared protocol to recommend to lay rescuers who are unwilling
      to give rescue breaths, except to perform chest compressions continuously until EMS arrival.

      Purpose:

      The aim of the study is to verify whether the inclusion of breaks of different frequency and
      duration during CPR could increase chest compressions quality during an 8-minutes scenario
      compared with the hands-only CPR technique.

      Materials and Methods:

      The study involves multiple training center in Italy and in Europe, that organise Basic Life
      Support with Automated External Defibrillators (BLS/AED) courses according to ILCOR 2015
      guidelines, with an instructor:attendees:manikin ratio of 1:5:1, maximum 1:6:1, and with 1
      minute training per participant with real-time feedback using a Laerdal QCPR or Resusci Anne
      Wireless Skill Reporter manikin connected with a QCPR software. At the end of each course the
      performance of 1-min of compression-only CPR on the QCPR/Resusci Anne Wireless Skill Reporter
      manikin without visual feedback for the attendee will be recorded for each participant. In
      order to eliminate any bias due to heterogeneity of the individual quality of CPR, will be
      asked to participate in the study to all those who, at the end of this test, will have done
      the compressions at a rate between 100 and 120 per minute with a result> = 75% in the
      parameters "percentage of compressions with correct depths (between 5 and 6 cm)", "percentage
      of correctly released compressions", "percentage of compressions with correct hand position"
      Those who are between 18 and 80 years old and agree to participate in signing the informed
      consent, will be randomized to one of four arms of the study. The arms of the study are the 4
      different CPR protocols: 30 compressions and 2 seconds of pause (30c2s), 50 compressions and
      5 seconds of pause (50c5s), 100 compressions and a 10 seconds of pause (100c10s) and
      continuous chest compressions without any pauses (hands-only).

      The subjects were asked to carry out an 8-minutes performance following the protocol assigned
      to them on the Laerdal QCPR or Resusci Anne Wireless Skill Reporter manikin connected to the
      QCPR software without any type of feedback or help.
    

Intervention name(s): Quality of chest compressions
Intervention type(s): Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single (Participant)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation; Cardiac Arrest; Training