Validity and Reliability of Commercially Available Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Devices
Condition: Body Composition
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      The purpose of this data collection is to establish the validity and reliability of several
      different commercially available bioelectrical impedance analysis devices that are used to
      estimate body composition.
    

Detailed description: 
      The purpose of this data collection is to establish the validity and reliability of several
      different commercially available bioelectrical impedance analysis devices that are used to
      estimate body composition.

      This study will involve 1-2 total visits: one initial visit followed by an optional follow-up
      visit 12-16 weeks later. These visits will consist of body composition assessments after an
      overnight fast. Before the overnight fast, the individual will be asked to drink 1 liter (the
      equivalent of two 16.9-ounce water bottles) between the final meal of the day and the
      beginning of the 8-hour fasting period. At the first visit, participants will undergo dual
      x-ray absorptiometry (DXA; GE Lunar Prodigy), air displacement plethysmography (ADP; Cosmed
      Bod Pod), a 3D body scan (SizeStream SS20), and several multi- and single-frequency
      bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) assessments. The BIA assessment methods will be
      conducted twice. This will allow for test-retest reliability assessment of each of the BIA
      devices being assessed in our study. At the optional second visit, all assessment methods
      utilized in our laboratory will be conducted once. By comparing these values to the values
      from the first visit, we will be able to establish the cumulative error due to technical
      error and biological error (i.e. random biological differences in the participants between
      the two assessments). We will collect data in a similar fashion during this second visit in
      order to compare the changes over time between the measurements provided by the commercially
      available BIA devices against the changes detected by a validated 4-compartment model of body
      composition, which uses research-grade devices. Cumulatively, this information will provide
      essential data to consumers regarding both the immediate and long-term test-retest
      reliability as well as the validity of commercially available BIA devices such as home body
      fat scales.

      The commercially available BIA devices being examined in the present study includes:

        -  Omron HBF-306

        -  RENPHO Smart Bathroom Scale (item number: ES-26BB-B)

        -  Hawanna Body Fat Scale (UPC: 791555289926)

        -  Wyze Scale (SKU: WHSCL1)

        -  INEVIFIT Smart Body Fat Scale (UPC: 711841680565; EAN: 0711841680565)

        -  WeightWatchers Scale by Conair (model: WW721XF)

        -  Tanita UM-081 (model: UM-081; EAN: 0742496801012 and 0885157966993)

        -  VitaGoods FormFit Digital Scale and Body Analyzer (model: VG42252-0000)

        -  Omron HBF 516 Body Composition Monitor (model: HBF-516B)

        -  Seca sensa 804

        -  Withings/Nokia BodyCardio Body Composition Digital Scale (model: WBS04b-Black-All-Inter)

        -  Tanita BC554 IronMan Body Composition Monitor (model: BC-554)

        -  Tanita BC568 InnerScan Segmental Body Composition Monitor (model: BC-568)

        -  InBody H2ON Smart Full Body Composition Analyzer

      Additionally, several laboratory-grade bioimpedance technologies will be performed, including
      ImpediMed SFB7 bioimpedance spectroscopy and Seca mBCA 515/514 multi-frequency bioelectrical
      impedance analysis. Urine specific gravity will also be assessed using digital refractometry,
      and height will be assessed via stadiometer. As part of the ADP test, body mass estimates
      from a calibrated, research-grade scale will be obtained (Modified BWB-627-A, Tanita
      Corporation).

      The test-retest reliability of the commercially available bioelectrical impedance analysis
      devices will be examined through duplicate assessments. The validity of the commercially
      available bioelectrical impedance analysis devices will be examined as compared to the
      criterion laboratory methods, namely the 4-compartment model for total body composition and
      DXA and/or laboratory-grade segmental bioimpedance technologies for segmental body
      composition.
    

Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        The study population consists of generally healthy, weight-stable adults located in or near
        the community of Lubbock, Texas (or willing to travel to Lubbock, Texas).
      
Keywords: body composition; fat mass; fat-free mass; body fat percentage