The Hopkins Rehabilitation Engagement Rating Scale
Condition: Rehabilitation
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      Objective: To verify the reliability and validity of the Turkish versions of the Hopkins
      Rehabilitation Engagement Rating Scale (HRERS) for knee arthroplasty.

      Methods: A total of 51 consecutive participants, inpatients of an orthopedic clinic at the
      university hospital, were recruited between 2021-2022 June. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was
      used to assess internal consistency. By evaluating the scores of 51 retested patients one
      week later, the test-retest reliability was determined using the intraclass correlation
      coefficient (ICC). Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the construct
      validity.
    

Detailed description: 
      First of all, permission was obtained from Kortte et al., one of the developers of Hopkins
      Rehabilitation Engagement Rating Scale (HRERS), to have a Turkish version of HRERS via e-mail
      before starting the research study. The translation and the cultural adaptation of the
      Turkish version of the HRERS were accomplished in line with the stages outlined by Beaton et
      al.. Two independent native Turkish translators performed forward translation. One was a
      physiotherapist to ensure clinical consistency, and the other was a translator with no
      medical or clinical background to reveal vague concepts in the original questionnaire. A
      single consequent Turkish translation was formed from the combination of the two translations
      The Turkish scale was translated back into English by two English-native speakers who speak
      Turkish fluently, and the English version of the scale was compared to the original. A group
      of experts authorized the final version of the document in Turkish, which was backward
      translation. Translators reviewed the translations and compared certain inconsistencies.

      Before the formal questionnaire, the pre-final Turkish version of the questionnaire was used
      for a pilot test. The Turkish translation was primarily applied to five participants for the
      detection of unintelligible questions or words. Turkish translation was applied to five
      participants in order to determine the questions or words that were not understood. We asked
      the participants the following questions: "Is there a question you don't understand?" "Are
      there any words you don't like?" Since the participants did not have any problems, no changes
      were made to the questionnaire, and the final Turkish version of the HRERS (HRERS-T) was
      provided.
    

Intervention name(s): Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): Functional Independence Measurement-FIM, Barthel Index and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions Questionnaire-EQ-5D, which are self-report based evaluation methods, were applied to patients who received routine treatment and met the inclusion criteria.To determine the patients' level of participation in the treatment, Hopkins was scored by the physiotherapist applying the treatment.
Observational model: Case-Only
Time perspective: Cross-Sectional
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        The required sample size for validation studies was reported as 2-20 participants per item
        on the scale (14). HRERS consists of five questions, thus we included at least fifty
        participants. A total of 51 consecutive participants, inpatients of an orthopaedic clinic
        at university hospital, were recruited between 2021-2022 June.
      
Keywords: Rehabilitation Engagement; Patient-Reported Outcome Measures; Total Knee Arthroplasty; Hopkins Rehabilitation Engagement Rating Scale; Turkish Version