Comparison of the Effectiveness of the USG and CBCT Combined With Intraoral Scanning Determing the Gingival Phenotype in the Healthy Periodontium
Condition: Periodontal Diseases
MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      Compare two diagnostic methods: UGTM and CBCT/CAD/PDIP in determing the gingival phenotype in
      group of 30 periodontally healthy patients. Both methods were useful to establishing the
      gingival phenotype, however, ultrasonic method was more precisely for measurement of gingival
      thickness. There was positive correlation between the mean values of SGT and WKT and this
      indicates the need to measure these parameters in order to determine gingival phenotype.
    

Detailed description: 
      Gingival phenotype (GP) should be determine in each dento-gingival unit as a 3D volume of
      gingiva with the following parameters: width of keratinized tissue (WKT) and gingival
      thickness (GT). The phenotype determination is extremely important during many dental
      procedures, such as in dental surgery, orthodontics, prosthetics or implantology because it
      allows to dental treatment planning and reduce the risk of complications. Previous methods of
      determining the gingival phenotype were based on the shape of the crowns of the upper
      incisors and transparency of the free gingiva. These methods are non-invasive, but
      innacurate. The gingival phenotype may be determined more precisely by using biometry of WKT
      and GT. There are several possible methods to measure the thickness of the gingiva, such as
      bone sounding, cone beam comuted tomography (CBCT) measurement or parallel profile
      radiographs, CBCT/CAD (CBCT and computer-aided design) and ultrasound method. The ultrasonic
      gingival tissue measurement (UGTM) method is non-invasive, removes the need for anesthesia,
      which may increases the volume of tissues, but requires the experience of the researcher.
      However, it is considered as effective and reproducible method of the measurement soft tissue
      thickness. CBCT/CAD/PDIP (CBCT/CAD and prosthetic-driven implant planning) method also can be
      used to establishing the gingival phenotype.

      Measurements of WKT are most often carried out using a periodontal probe calibrated every
      1mm. In each case, a necessary condition for the proper examination of the patient and
      determination of GP is healthy periodontium.
    

Intervention name(s): Diagnostic tests: Determination of the gingival phenotype, measure gingival thickness and width of keratinized tissue
Intervention type(s): Procedure
Intervention description(s): Gingival thickness was measured using UGTM method and CBCT/ CAD with PDIP technology at upper incisors and canines in three points localized midbucally : Free gingival thickness (FGT), supracrestal ( SGT) and crestal (CGT). Width of keratinized tissue was measured using periodontal probe calibrated for 1 mm. The gingival phenotype was determined by both methods according to the following criteria: GT ≤ 0,7 mm - thin gingival phenotype, GT &gt; 0,7 mm ≤ 1,0 mm - medium gingival phenotype, GT &gt; 1,0 mm - thick gingival phenotype. Toincrease the repeatability of the results, two researchers tested the same values twice on 2days interval between sessions.
Observational model: Case-Only
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        male 16 female 14