Lifestyle, Adiposity, and Cardiovascular Health in Youth
Condition: Lifestyle; Adiposity; Cardiovascular Diseases; Adolescent
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Obesity
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      Adiposity is a key link between lifestyle factors (like diet and exercise) and cardiovascular
      (CV) disease. However, little is known about the link during the juvenile years, when the
      processes leading to CV disease are at an early stage of development. The specific aims are
      as follow: (1) to determine the relations of free-living diet and exercise to total body
      percent fat ( percentBF), visceral adipose tissue and CV fitness in black and white boys and
      girls of varying socioeconomic status. (2) to determine the relations of fatness and fitness
      to different CV disease risk factors. Design and methods: (1) Recruit 800 14 to 18 year olds,
      200 in each ethnicity and gender subgroup. (2) Assess diet with seven 24-hour recalls, and
      exercise with two seven-day recalls and heart rate monitoring. (3) Measure percent body fat
      with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, visceral adipose tissue with magnetic resonance
      imaging and CV fitness with a multi-stage treadmill test. (4) Measure major fatness- and
      fitness-related CV disease risk factors (e.g., total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol ratio,
      insulin, systolic blood pressure, left ventricular mass indexed to height, fibrinogen). (5)
      Conduct multivariate and univariate analyses to determine relationships.
    

Detailed description: 
      Adult studies have shown that adiposity, especially visceral adipose tissue, and
      cardiovascular (CV) fitness are key links between lifestyle factors like diet and exercise on
      one hand, and CV disease on the other. However, very little is known about these links during
      the juvenile years, when the processes leading to CV disease are at an early stage of
      development. The specific aims are as follow: (1) to determine the relations of free-living
      diet and exercise to total body percent fat ( percent BF), visceral adipose tissue and CV
      fitness in black and white boys and girls of varying socioeconomic status. (2) to determine
      the relations of fatness and fitness to different CV risk factors. Design and methods: (1)
      Recruit 800 14 to 18 year olds, 200 in each ethnicity and gender subgroup. (2) Assess diet
      with seven 24-hour recalls, and exercise with two seven-day recalls and Actigraph monitors.
      (3) Measure percent body fat with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, visceral adipose tissue
      with magnetic resonance imaging and CV fitness with a multi-stage treadmill test. (4) Measure
      major fatness- and fitness-related CV disease risk factors (e.g., total cholesterol:HDL
      cholesterol ratio, insulin, systolic blood pressure, left ventricular mass indexed to height,
      fibrinogen). (5) Conduct multivariate and univariate analyses to determine relationships.
      Health relatedness: The provided by this project will assist in the formulation of effective
      lifestyle interventions targeted to specific demographic groups for primary prevention of CV
      disease, starting early in life when the foundations for adult disease are being laid.
    

Intervention name(s): No intervention
Intervention type(s): Other
Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Cross-Sectional
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Recruit 800 14 to 18 year olds, 200 in each ethnicity (European or African American) and
        gender subgroup.
      
Biospecimen description: 
      Plasma, Buffy coat