Effects of Telerehabilitative Aerobic and Relaxation Exercises Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With and Without COVID-19
Condition: COVID-19; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
MeSH terms: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) disease, like other chronic diseases, is a group of diseases
      that are adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.This study was planned to examine the
      effect of COVID-19 disease on patients with Type-2 DM and to investigate the effects of
      progressive relaxation exercises to be given as tele-rehabilitative on stress, anxiety and
      blood glucose levels and HbA1c value.
    

Detailed description: 
      30 Type-2 DM patients whose diabetes examinations and treatments were performed by an
      internist in the internal medicine outpatient clinic of Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research
      Hospital will be included in the study. (study group: 15 cases who had COVID-19 at least
      three months ago and control group: 15 cases who did not have COVID-19) Physical
      characteristics such as age (year), gender, body weight (kg), height (cm), body mass index
      (kg/m2) and sociodemographic characteristics of the cases were questioned. Evaluated by
      anthropometric measurements (waist and hip circumference (cm) and waist and body composition
      measurement (Xiaomi MI scale 2).

      Diabetes knowledge levels were determined by the Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT2), physical
      activity levels were determined by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short
      form (IPAQ-short form), and sleep quality was determined by the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index
      (PUKI). Blood values such as fasting blood glucose (mg/dl), Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
      (%) of the cases were measured, and the patient was taught to measure the heart rate
      (beats/minute) in a radial way. Functional capacity levels were determined by the 6-minute
      walking test (6MWT), lower extremity muscle strength by the Five-Time Sitting Stand Up Test
      (FTSST), stress levels by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and anxiety levels by Spielberg's
      State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S and T). ) were evaluated with Quality of life was
      measured with the Short Form-12 (SF-12) and Diabetes-Specific Quality of Life Scale (DQOL).

      All evaluations were made face to face with all cases in both groups at the beginning of the
      study. Then, the same exercise training was applied to the patients in both groups as
      rehabilitative, in a crossover design, in a random order determined by the lottery for a
      total of 12 weeks.

      12-week treatment program A - 6 weeks of Aerobic exercise (AE) (outdoor walking program) B -
      6 week program - Jacobson Progressive Relaxation Exercises (JIGE) (performed by patients at
      home) were administered in addition to aerobic exercise (AE) (outdoor walking program).

      The exercise program is 30-45 minutes and the applications are done every other day and 3
      days a week. Patients recorded their Heart Rate (beats/minute) before and after each
      administration.

      The Five Times Standing Test (FTSST) and STAI-S were performed at 6 weeks following treatment
      (at treatment changes). At the end of the treatment, that is, at the 12th week; 6 DYT and
      Five Time Sit to Stand Test (FTSST) and IPAQ-short form, SF-12 and DQOL, PSS, STAI-S and T,
      PUKI scales were re-evaluated. The efficacy of treatments will be compared within and between
      groups using appropriate statistical methods.
    

Intervention name(s): Aerobic and Relaxation Exercises
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): 12-week treatment program; A - 6 weeks of aerobic exercise (AE) (outdoor walking program) 6 week program B - Jacobson Progressive Relaxation Exercises (JIGE) (done by patients at home). The 6-week B program (JIGE) was applied in addition to the aerobic exercise (AE) program.
Aerobic exercise (AE) program:The aerobic training program was applied as walking for 40 minutes in the open air. The Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Borg Scale (6-20) was used to determine the walking pace, and they were asked to walk according to the light (11-12) level according to the Borg scale.
An exercise program is 30-45 minutes, and the applications are done every other day and 3 days a week.The treatment programs started with the evaluation of the cases by the physiotherapist and are followed up using the Telerehabilitation method. At the beginning of each week, the patients were called and checked, and their exercise treatments were completed at the end of 12 weeks.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: COVID-19; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; relaxation exercises; aerobic exercise; Hb A1c; Anxiety; Stress