The Effectiveness of the Therapeutic Toys During Intravenous Canula Insertion
Condition: Pain, Acute; Comfort
MeSH terms: Acute Pain
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Pain relief interventions in invasive interventions are divided into two pharmacologic
      methods and non-pharmacologic methods. Nonpharmacologic interventions are an area where
      nurses can easily demonstrate their independent roles. Especially today, when the use of
      complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) methods is increasing, nurses are also turning
      to these methods.

      Non-pharmacological methods include listening to white noise, non-nutritive sucking,
      aromatherapy applications, placing the baby on the mother's lap, changing position, rocking,
      touching, distracting, listening to music, watching cartoons, singing, breastfeeding and
      giving sucrose solution with breast milk, giving toys and smelling mother odour.

      This study was planned to determine the effect of the therapeutic toy used during IV catheter
      placement, which is the most common invasive intervention in the Neonatal Care Unit where a
      newborn baby is hospitalized, on the comfort level, crying time and physiological parameters
      of the newborn.
    

Detailed description: 
      Comfort is defined as "the expected result with a complex structure within biopsychosocial
      and environmental integrity in order to provide help, peace of mind and cope with problems
      related to one's needs". According to Kolcaba, comfort is the experience of relief, peace of
      mind and meeting needs to solve problems. The term comfort has been frequently used in recent
      years for infants receiving health care in Neonatal and Neonatal Surgery Intensive Care
      Units. Physical characteristics of the clinic, immaturity of newborns, frequent routine care
      and invasive procedures (burn dressing, hydrotherapy, blood collection, IV catheter
      insertion, heel prick, aspiration, nasogastric catheter insertion, foley catheter insertion,
      rectal tube insertion, neonatal eye examination) cause a decrease in the comfort of newborns.

      As a result of rapidly increasing technological developments, changes are also seen in the
      neonatal discipline and perinatal mortality rates are decreasing, especially in developing
      countries. As a result of this development, survival rates of very low birth weight newborns
      have increased to 85%. Although mortality has decreased in preterm infants,
      neurodevelopmental, pulmonary and cardiac problems have increased. When the causes of
      neurodevelopmental problems in preterm infants are examined, it is seen that in addition to
      retinopathy, systemic infections, nutritional problems due to necrotizing enterocolitis and
      similar causes, intracranial haemorrhage, there are also stressors such as invasive
      procedures, pain, noise and light that the newborn is exposed to in the intensive care unit.
      Stress has negative effects on neurodevelopment.

      Newborns who have not reached neurodevelopmental maturity begin to experience stress when
      they leave their warm, dark, quiet and calm environments that contribute to their brain
      development and start to receive health care in intensive care units where they are exposed
      to noisy, light and painful procedures. This stress and invasive sensory experiences are
      thought to suppress the development of cell migration, synaptogenesis, myelinization and
      organizational structures in the infant's nervous system.
    

Intervention name(s): therapeutic toy
Intervention type(s): Device
Intervention description(s): Neonates in the therapeutic toy group will be given an octopus-shaped therapeutic toy that they can hold in their hands throughout the procedure and IV catheter will be inserted and their comfort levels and vital signs will be monitored.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention model description: randomised controlled
Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Supportive Care
Keywords: pain, comfort