The Investigation of Vocal Behaviors in Children With ADHD
Condition: Voice Disorders in Children; Voice
MeSH terms: Voice Disorders
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      The aim is to gain information about vocal hygiene knowledge level, phonotrauma behavior
      frequency, voice-related quality of life, and voice handicap index scores in children
      diagnosed with ADHD aged 8 to 11, through inter-group comparisons of scale and questionnaire
      data between children diagnosed with ADHD and control group participants aged 8 to 11.
    

Detailed description: 
      The study will include children aged 8 to 11 with and without a diagnosis of Attention
      Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The study and control groups have been determined with
      age and gender matching.

      Within the scope of the study, a comparison between groups will be conducted through the
      scores of the Vocal Hygiene Awareness form, Pediatric Phonotrauma Assessment Questions for
      Parents, Voice Related Quality of Life Survey, and the Teacher-Reported Pediatric Voice
      Handicap Index to examine whether there are any differences between the groups. The Vocal
      Hygiene Awareness form will be completed by the child. The Pediatric Phonotrauma Assessment
      Questions for Parents, Voice Related Quality of Life Survey, and the Pediatric Voice Handicap
      Index will be completed by the parents. The Teacher-Reported Pediatric Voice Handicap Index
      will be filled out by the child's teacher.

      The number of participants to be included in the study has been calculated using G Power 3.1
      program. Based on an analysis with a power of 0.80 and α (type 1 error) = 0.05 using an
      independent t-test, 42 participants for each group, totaling 84 participants, are planned to
      be included in the study. Data analysis will be carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 23
      program. Firstly, the normal distribution of ordinal variables will be tested. If the
      assumption of normality is met, parametric tests will be used; otherwise, non-parametric
      tests will be employed. A statistical significance value of p < 0.05 will be considered.
    

Intervention name(s): Scales and Forms
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): This study does not involve any interventions. Information will be collected from the study group and the control group through scales and forms.
Observational model: Case-Control
Time perspective: Cross-Sectional
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        The study group participants will be comprised of children aged 8 to 11 who have been
        diagnosed with ADHD in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Hacettepe
        University. Their inclusion in the study will be based on voluntary participation. For the
        control group, participants will be reached through the snowball sampling method, with age
        and gender matching, and their inclusion in the study will also be based on voluntary
        participation.
      
Keywords: voice disorders in children; ADHD; attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder; vocal behaviors in children