Sugar-sweetened Beverages Influence Benefits of Exercise in Overweight Adults
Condition: Inflammation; Insulin Sensitivity
MeSH terms: Overweight; Insulin Resistance; Hypersensitivity; Inflammation
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The objective of this study was to determine how metabolic and inflammatory effects of
      physical exercise in overweight individuals are altered when sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)
      are consumed after physical exercise. A randomized, controlled crossover trial was performed
      in which participants performed exercise with and without the ingestions of SSB during
      exercise or a non-exercise control condition to evaluate metabolic and inflammatory responses
      one day after the exercise and or SSB treatment.
    

Detailed description: 
      Participants: Women (n=24; 18-55 y) with a BMI > 25 and < 35 kg·m-2 who are sedentary to
      moderately active were recruited to participate. Research Design: This study was a
      randomized, counter-balanced, cross-over clinical trial consisting of three experimental
      conditions in which each participant served as her/his own control. Assessments of health
      history, physical activity (to confirm that participants were physically inactive),
      anthropometrics, resting metabolic rate, and aerobic capacity were made during an initial
      laboratory visit. Participants performed three different study conditions, typically
      separated by one week, thus women were not tested in a specific menstrual cycle phase.
      Participants recorded their diet the day before and the morning of the first condition and
      replicated this for the second and third conditions. On the study days, participants consumed
      their breakfast prior to 9:00 AM and arrived in the lab at 11 AM. The three conditions were
      performed in randomized order. In the control condition (CON), participants rested quietly
      for 1 hour. In the remaining two conditions, participants performed 45 minutes of treadmill
      exercise at 11 AM. Following the rest or exercise period, subjects were provided energy
      balanced diets. Total energy intake was balanced across exercise conditions and appropriately
      adjusted for the lack of exercise in the CON condition. At 7 AM on the following morning,
      following an overnight fast, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed.
      Measurements were made to determine fasting glucose, insulin and lipid panel, 2-hour OGTT
      glucose, insulin sensitivity (SI OGTT), early (0-30 min) and late (30-120 min) glucose
      stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) based on c-peptide concentrations. Indirect calorimetry
      was also performed to determine resting carbohydrate and fat oxidation and metabolic
      flexibility, defined as the change in respiratory exchange ration (RER) during the OGTT.
      Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and reactive oxygen species were measure before,
      60, and 120 minutes during the OGTT to assess the inflammation response.
    

Intervention name(s): Exercise with and without SSB ingestion
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): Consumption of a prescribed diet with and without SSB and performance of moderate aerobic exercise or resting/control
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Crossover Assignment
Intervention model description: randomized crossover
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Prevention
Keywords: metabolic syndrome; inflammation; insulin sensitivity; metabolic flexibility; overweight/obese