The Role of Clinical Pharmacist in Monitoring Drug Therapy in the Cardiovascular and Coronary Care Units in Libya.
Condition: Coronary Artery Disease
MeSH terms: Coronary Artery Disease
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      Assessment of role of clinical pharmacist in decreasing morbidity and mortality among
      coronary artery disease patients.
    

Detailed description: 
      - Methodology: Follow-up patients from (A to Z) and their risk factors in all phases of
      disease (CAD) in groups with advised patients to lose weight, decrease smoking, and take
      medication on time.

      Monitoring drugs to CAD by studying its Pharmacodynamic:

      Mechanism of action, therapeutic uses [indication], adverse effect and suitable doses, and
      drug-drug interactions and contraindications

      * The study shows the Compare between the patients in (Medical Center Hospital) with and
      without guidelines of clinical pharmacy. Were managed all by setting a plan with the
      cardiologist in Libya.

      Follow-up was for the one hundred patients in the three groups {Outpatient, Inpatient, and
      the patients in Cardio Care Unit - CCU}.

        -  First subgroup, Outpatient: monitored the drugs used in HTN, DM, and Hyperlipidemia
           (dyslipidemia) to decrease levels of patients who come to the hospital with IHD;
           therefore, reduce morbidity. Also, it was followed by measurement of BP twice weekly,
           test for Blood sugar (glucose level) once monthly, and tests the Low-Density Lipoprotein
           (LDL) at the cardiologist's request.

        -  Second subgroup, Inpatient: monitored drugs according to international guidelines of
           clinical pharmacy to decrease the medication errors and management of the drug of stable
           angina and protected patients from increasing the problem, myocardial infarction, and
           reduce rates of entry to CCU.

        -  Third subgroup, Patients in CCU: Practiced the international roles of clinical pharmacy
           to monitor drug use to unstable Angina and MI, to decrease mortality in Libya.

             -  Method of analysis:

      Were monitored one hundred patients and divided into:

      • Twenty patients from (outpatient) divided to (10pts.-10pts.). (Ten patients) was written
      the data collected in accordance with the system adopted at the (Medical Center Hospital).

      (Ten patients)They are patients who applied the guidelines of clinical pharmacy to them in
      (Medical Center Hospital) by recommending cardiologists practice the clinical pharmacy
      guidelines and tailoring doses.

        -  50 of inpatients as outpatient (25pts.-25pts.).

        -  30 patients in CCU divided into (15pts.-15pts.).

           - The statistical analysis was the comparison between the two groups:

        -  The first group of patients was undergoing treatment in the (Medical Center Hospital)
           without applying guidelines. (10 patients-25pts.-15pts.).

        -  The second group; are a group of patients undergoing treatment in the (Medical Center
           Hospital) in accordance with guidelines. (10pts.-25pts.-15pts.).

      The comparison was in terms of the rate of survival, the speed of symmetry to heal ( i,e.
      responsiveness to medications), the rate of complications, and death for both groups.

      - The purpose of this review is to summarize the role of clinical pharmacy benefits in all
      aspects of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hospitalized patients.

      Managed the risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia) and Ischemic heart disease by
      monitoring the common drugs in Libya:

        -  Diuretics: ACEIs and ARBs for hypertension.

        -  Insulin and Biguanides (Metformin) for diabetes.

        -  Statins for dyslipidemia.

        -  Organic nitrates: CCB, BB, Antiplatelets, Anticoagulant, and Fibrinolytics for ischemic
           heart disease.

      And the summary of the aim of the work is the practice of guidelines of clinical pharmacy to
      manage coronary artery disease to reduce levels of morbidity and mortality in Libya and to
      prove the need for the presence of clinical pharmacists in Libyan hospitals.
    

Intervention name(s): clinical pharmacy application
Intervention type(s): Drug
Intervention description(s): assessment clinical pharmacist in management of CAD and ICU patients.
Other intervention name(s): Follow-up patients and their drugs, to improve health and reduce morbidity and mortality.
Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Follow-up one hundred patients, in two groups, divided each one into three subgroups
        {10-Outpatient, 25-Inpatient and 15 patients in Cardio Care Unit - CCU}.

          -  The first group of patients was undergoing treatment in the (Medical Center Hospital)
             without applying clinical pharmacy guidelines. (10 patients-25pts.-15pts.).

          -  The second group; are a group of patients undergoing treatment in the (Medical Center
             Hospital) in accordance with clinical pharmacy guidelines. (10pts.-25pts.-15pts.).
      
Keywords: clinical pharmacist role, ICU patients, CAD patients,