Reduction in Consumption of Sweetened Beverages on Weight, Body Composition and Blood Pressure in Young Adults
Condition: Obesity and Overweight
MeSH terms: Overweight; Body Weight
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The impact of reduction in consumption of caloric and no caloric sweetened beverages on:

        -  weight

        -  body composition

        -  blood pressure

        -  young adults
    

Detailed description: 
      The number of overweight and obese individuals has recently increased considerably. The World
      Health Organization estimates that there are 1.4 billion overweight and obese people in the
      world (1); in Mexico alone 70% of the adult population suffers from overweight and obesity,
      and 34.4% of school age children are above their normal weight (2) At the same time,
      hypertension affects more than a third of adults throughout the world and contributes to 9.4
      million deaths a year from heart disease (3). In Mexico there are 22.4 million adults with
      hypertension, only 5.7 of whom are controlled (4). Obesity and hypertension are associated
      with life style both in the world and in Mexico, where changes in eating habits with
      increased fat in the diet, overconsumption of soft drinks and refined sugars and decrease in
      physical activity have led to numerous diseases (4). Mexico is the Latin American country
      with the highest consumption of carbonated beverages (5), averaging 384 soft
      drinks/person/year (6). The diminished sensation of satiety and the high ingestion of simple
      sugars (7, 8) facilitate the formation of triglycerides stored in fatty tissue and overweight
      and obesity (9, 10). Recent studies have examined the relationship between beverages and
      weight, albeit with controversial results. The majority of the studies have focused on
      increased consumption of sweetened drinks and their effect on weight over short periods of
      time (11,13,14). Meanwhile, consumption of low calorie beverages has increased, although
      there is no consensus about the utility of substituting sugar with artificial sweeteners to
      achieve better weight control (13). As much as obesity is a world-wide health issue, it is
      important to establish whether beverages with artificial sweeteners can aid in regulating
      weight. Since soft drinks contain sodium, it is also important to determine whether elevated
      sodium ingestion from them could increase blood pressure. Recent studies have demonstrated an
      association between sugar sweetened beverages and blood pressure, but the majority have been
      observational (14) and have not analyzed all types of sweetened beverages (15, 16).Because of
      these issues, the objective of the present study was to characterize the effect of reducing
      the consumption of beverages with sugar and artificial sweeteners on weight and blood
      pressure on nursing students. The working hypothesis was that nursing students from the
      National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition in Mexico City (INCMNSZ) who substituted
      their intake of sugar or artificially sweetened soft drinks with plain water would have
      greater weight loss, lower fat and lower blood pressure than students who did not diminish
      their intake of soft drinks.
    

Intervention name(s): Caloric and non-caloric SSBS reduction; Caloric SSBS reduction
Intervention type(s): Behavioral; Behavioral
Intervention description(s): Isocaloric individualized diet and sweetened caloric and non-caloric beverages restriction; Isocaloric individualized diet and caloric SSBS restriction
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single (Participant)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Beverages sweetened caloric, no caloric; Weight; Fat percentage; Body Composition; Blood pressure; Sugar; Sodium; Dietary intake