20 Year Changes in Fitness & Cardiovascular Disease Risk - Ancillary to CARDIA
Condition: Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Metabolic Syndrome X; Hypertension; Obesity
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Disease; Metabolic Syndrome
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      To understand the complex, longitudinal relations between physical fitness, physical
      activity, body mass and composition and fat distribution, and genetic factors and their
      independent or interactive effects on the development of obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and
      sub-clinical cardiovascular disease.
    

Detailed description: 
      BACKGROUND:

      Although an age-related decline in aerobic capacity is well documented, the impact of
      physical activity, body fat, and genetic variation on the rate of change is not well
      understood. In addition, little is known about how rate of change in aerobic capacity during
      early and middle adulthood affects the development of cardiovascular disease risk factors or
      the incidence of subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) related end-points.
      The study addresses these issues by conducting an ancillary study in conjunction with the
      Year 20 CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) examination, which is
      scheduled to take place beginning in June, 2005. Approximately 3,650 (75%) of the surviving
      members of the initial cohort of African American and white men and women will return for the
      Year 20 exam, at which point they will be 38-50 years old.

      CARDIA is a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-supported longitudinal study which
      measures changes in coronary heart disease risk factors in cohorts of Black and white males
      and females who were 18 to 30 years of age at baseline. Also, the study identifies life
      styles during this age span which influence these changes in risk factors.

      DESIGN NARRATIVE:

      The overall goal of the ancillary study is to understand the complex, longitudinal relations
      between physical fitness, physical activity, body mass and composition and fat distribution,
      and genetic factors and their independent or interactive effects on the development of
      obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and sub-clinical CVD. To accomplish this goal, all Year 20
      CARDIA participants will be measured for: 1. Aerobic capacity, by means of a symptom-limited
      graded exercise treadmill test, using the same protocol as that used in CARDIA at the Year 0
      and Year 7 exams; 2. Body composition and fat distribution, using a whole body dual energy
      x-ray absorptiometery (DEXA) scan; 3. Physical activity, using 7 days of accelerometer
      recordings; and 4. DNA sequence variants in selected candidate genes associated with
      cardiorespiratory fitness, components of the metabolic syndrome, and response to regular
      exercise, using stored DNA.

      Data from this ancillary study will be combined with core CARDIA examination data to address
      the following aims: a. Examination of the contribution of body mass and composition, fat
      distribution, objectively measured physical activity and specific genetic polymorphisms to
      the variance in Year 20 aerobic capacity and in age-related decline in aerobic capacity over
      a 20-year time period from young adulthood to mid-life, stratifying by race and gender. b.
      Longitudinal examination of the effect of aerobic capacity on changes in cardiovascular
      disease risk factors and on the incidence of CVD-related endpoints (e.g. hypertension,
      metabolic syndrome, subclinical disease [e.g. coronary artery calcium]).