Evaluation of HALP Score in Distinction Between FGR and SGA
Condition: Fetal Growth Restriction; Small for Gestational Age at Delivery
MeSH terms: Fetal Growth Retardation
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) and Small for Gestational Age (SGA) are two conditions that
      can happen when a baby doesn't grow as much as expected during pregnancy. FGR is caused by
      things like problems with the mother's nutrition and inflammation, while SGA is usually
      because of genetic and other factors.

      It's important to know if a baby has FGR or SGA because FGR babies can have more health
      problems and are at risk of dying before or shortly after birth. SGA babies are usually
      healthy, but they might have more health problems later in life.

      Doctors can use a simple blood test called the HALP score to see if a mother has problems
      with her nutrition and inflammation. However, it hasn't been studied for FGR and SGA. We want
      to study if the HALP score can help us tell if a baby has FGR or SGA by looking at the
      mother's blood test results.
    

Detailed description: 
      Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) and Small for Gestational Age (SGA) are two conditions that
      are commonly encountered in obstetrics. FGR is defined as a condition in which the fetus is
      smaller than expected for its gestational age, and its pathophysiology is thought to be
      influenced by both maternal inflammation and nutritional status. On the other hand, SGA is a
      condition in which the fetus is smaller than expected, but its pathophysiology is primarily
      attributed to constitutional and genetic factors.

      It is important to distinguish between FGR and SGA because FGR is associated with a higher
      risk of adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes, including morbidity and mortality. In contrast,
      SGA infants are generally healthy, but may have a higher risk of long-term health problems,
      such as hypertension and diabetes.

      The HALP score is a simple and easily calculated index that is based on the levels of
      hemoglobin, lymphocytes, albumin, and platelets. It has been shown to be informative about
      the nutritional and inflammatory status in various medical fields. However, its use in
      obstetrics is limited and its potential to distinguish between FGR and SGA has not been
      studied.

      Given that maternal inflammation and nutritional status are also involved in the
      pathophysiology of FGR, it is possible that the HALP score could be useful in distinguishing
      between FGR and SGA. Therefore, we plan to investigate the potential of the HALP score in
      differentiating between these two conditions.
    

Intervention name(s): HALP score
Intervention type(s): Diagnostic Test
Intervention description(s): we will calculate the HALP score with the complete blood count and albumin values in FGR and SGA groups.
Observational model: Case-Control
Time perspective: Retrospective
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Pregnant women between the ages of 18-44 who were diagnosed with FGR and SGA in our clinic
        and whose follow-up and birth were in our hospital
      
Keywords: fetal growth restriction; small for gestational age