"Pain and Emotional Changes on Relationships Between Anxiety and Olfaction"
Condition: Anxiety
MeSH terms: Anxiety Disorders
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Introduction: This prospective study aimed to assess the impact of olfaction on providing
      positive emotional responses and reducing dental anxiety and pain.

      Material: A randomized double-blinded controlled study was enrolled on female patients. The
      olfaction was stimulated via lavender essential oils. Patients were divided into lavender and
      control groups. Patients in lavender group inhaled 2 % lavender vapors. In control group,
      patients inhaled distal water vapors. The variables included pain, anxiety, and vital signs.
      Anxiety was measured through Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and Speilberger State-Trait
      Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaires. Pain was evaluated through visual analog scales
      (VAS). Vital signs included the systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate
      (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and oxygen saturation (Spo2). All variables were assessed before
      the intervention, 20 minutes after inhalation of vapors, and at the end of dental settings.
      The last evaluation was on the day after visits. P-values < 0.05 were considered significant.
    

Detailed description: 
      ABSTRACT:

      Background: The purpose of the study was to determine to what extent olfactory aromatherapy
      reduces the intensity of dental pain and the level of dental anxiety. It also attempted to
      corelate between olfactory aromatherapy, stages of dental visits, and various dental
      procedures.

      Methods: Female patients were enrolled in a randomized controlled study. Olfactory
      aromatherapy was performed using lavender oils. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two
      groups: the lavender group, in which patients inhaled 2% lavender vapors, and the control
      group, in which patients inhaled water vapors. Pain score, anxiety score, and changes in
      vital signs were among the predictable variables. Anxiety and pain were assessed using the
      Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), Speilberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and
      visual analog scales (VAS). The vital signs were systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP), heart
      rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and oxygen saturation (Spo2). Variables were evaluated
      before inhalations, 20 minutes after inhalations, at the end of settings, and on the
      following day.
    

Intervention name(s): Lavender Oil; Distal Water
Intervention type(s): Drug; Drug
Intervention description(s): Twenty drops of lavender oil was added the distal water which fill the vaporizer which were placed in the waiting room. The patients inhaled the vapors of the lavender oil 20 minutes before starting the dental procedures; The patients inhaled vapors of the distal water in the waiting room 20 minutes before starting dental procedures
Other intervention name(s): Lavandula angustifolia.; Deionized water
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)
Primary purpose: Prevention
Keywords: Pain; Anxiety; Fear; Stress