A Neonatal Bimodal MR-CT Head Template
Condition: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      This is a retrospective study based on the images contained in the database of the University
      Hospital of Amiens. There is no further examination. Electroencephalography (EEG) and
      Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). These sources are widely used to specify the source of
      certain evoked potentials or to better define the sources of epileptic graphoelements,
      especially in the pre-surgical assessment of refractory epilepsies.

      It is therefore important that these regions are more widely available in the constitution of
      the world, and that they are suitable for use in the design of new technologies. Although MRI
      is the gold standard for soft tissue segmentation, it is not suitable for bone extraction;
      especially in the newborn or the bone is very thin. On the other hand, CTscan is an excellent
      method for extracting bone. The contrast between bone and soft tissue is excellent. In this
      case, with the CTscan, the fontanelles are identified as discontinuities between the images
      of the temporal scales.
    

Detailed description: 
      Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and brain scan (CT Scan) are the two main modalities of
      structural brain imaging that are widely used in routine practice. The extraction of bone
      from MRI and CTscan images is an important step in the segmentation of the different tissues
      of the subjects' heads. It is indeed necessary to know precisely the electrical
      characteristics (conductivities) and optical (absorption, diffraction) of tissues (skin,
      bone, LCS, gray matter and white matter), or by electric currents or by photons. One of the
      major problems is the one that is not very poorly visualized in MRIs in CTscan, the bone is
      well individualized and that inversely the various brain structures are difficult to extract.
      This justifies the fact of performing a coregistration of images obtained in MRI and CTscan.

      The skull of the newborn is an inhomogeneous structure. The fontanelles are invisible in MRI
      and identifiable in CTscan.

      Electroencephalography (EEG) and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). These sources are widely
      used to specify the source of certain evoked potentials or to better define the sources of
      epileptic graphoelements, especially in the pre-surgical assessment of refractory epilepsies.

      It is therefore important that these regions are more widely available in the constitution of
      the world, and that they are suitable for use in the design of new technologies.

      Although MRI is the gold standard for soft tissue segmentation, it is not suitable for bone
      extraction; especially in the newborn or the bone is very thin. On the other hand, CTscan is
      an excellent method for extracting bone. The contrast between bone and soft tissue is
      excellent. In this case, with the CTscan, the fontanelles are identified as discontinuities
      between the images of the temporal scales.
    

Intervention name(s): CTscan and MRI images
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): CTscan and MRI images segmented according to procedures previously developed by GRAMFC
Observational model: Case-Only
Time perspective: Retrospective
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Population 150 CTscan and MRI images of children aged between 0 and 2 months with no
        structural abnormalities when interpreted by the radiologist.

        An age group of 50 images of children at term, 50 images of children at one month, 50
        images of children at two months for each category (MRI and CTscan) Since these images will
        be averaged by age group, it is not necessary to obtain the two images for each child.
      
Keywords: MRI images; CTscan