Comparison of Different Forms of Recovery on the Functionality After Physical Exercise
Condition: Massage; Inflammatory Response; Muscle, Skeletal; Cryotherapy Effect; Functional Disturbance
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and decrease of musculoskeletal function are due to high
      intensity training and / or sports activities. These occur due to micro lesions of muscle
      tissue resulting in nociceptor sensitization. Non-pharmacological interventions to attenuate
      DOMS and favor muscle recovery have been studied. These interventions aim to maintain
      performance levels, especially in competitions. Among these interventions, cryotherapy (cold
      water immersion) and active recovery already have good clinical evidence. Currently a new
      proposal has been gaining ground for myofascial self-release (foam roller), however its
      mechanisms and clinical evidence are not yet well established. The aim of the present
      research is to compare the effects of passive recovery, active recovery, cold water immersion
      recovery and recovery through myofascial self-release on DOMS and the functionality of
      healthy volunteers undergoing resistance exercise.
    

Detailed description: 
      The volunteers included in the study will perform an evaluation to verify the eligibility
      criteria, physical evaluation (weight, height, systemic blood pressure) and functional
      capacity to determine the exercise parameters. After will be presented to the four
      interventions, ie the recovery techniques after the exercises favoring their adaptation.
      There will be four resistance exercise sessions followed by interventions with a one week
      interval between each session. Interventions (passive recovery = 1, active recovery = 2,
      recovery with IAF = 3 and recovery with myofascial self-release = 4) will be randomized.
      Functionality assessments will be performed before and one hour after the intervention
      protocol. DOMS will be evaluated 24 and 72 hours after the exercise protocol. Evaluators will
      be blind to interventions.
    

Intervention name(s): Foam Roller Recovery; Active recovery; Immersion in cold water; Passive recovery
Intervention type(s): Other; Other; Other; Other
Intervention description(s): Myofascial self-release will be developed through the foam roller (FR), where participants will use a custom-made foam roller constructed from a hollow polyvinyl chloride tube that will have an outside diameter of 10cm and a thickness of 0.5cm and will be surrounded by neoprene foam with a thickness of 1cm. Each volunteer will be shown the technique for the 5 muscle groups involved and the technique used for each muscle group. FR will consist of 45s of rolling for each muscle in the left lower extremity, 15s of rest, 45s in the lower right extremity. They will be instructed to begin with the practice on the most distal portion of the muscle. They will be instructed to place as much tolerable body mass on the FR at all times and to roll their body mass back and forth along the roller as smoothly as possible at a rate of 50 beats per minute (ie , 1 rolling motion for 1 to 2s). The total technique time is estimated at 10 to 15min (PEARCEY et al., 2015).; Active recovery for 20 minutes (MIKA et al., 2016) will consist of pedaling on a stationary bike at a speed of 50 to 60 rpm. The load (49 ± 9 W) will be adjusted individually so that the heart rate is close to 100 bpm (about 50% of the theoretical maximum heart rate). This effort intensity is similar to that used in the literature (CRISAFULLI et al., 2003; FAIRCHILD et al., 2003; VANDERTHOMMED; MAKROF; DEMOULIN, 2010); Immersion in cold water will consist of the individual sitting in a plastic pool with water at the water level of the umbilical scar. Water temperature is between 11 and 15ºC, for a period between 10 and 15 minutes immediately after the exercise protocol (MACHADO et al., 2016b; MCDERMOTT et al., 2009). Water temperature will be controlled by adding or removing ice. This method has been applied by studies conducted by our research group (MISSAU; SIGNORI, 2017).; Volunteers will be seated for 20 min after the resistance exercise session (TEIXEIRA et al., 2014a, 2014b).
Other intervention name(s): Self-massage; Foam Roller; Exercise; Cryotherapy; Control
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Crossover Assignment
Intervention model description: The four interventions will be randomized.
Masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Treatment