Temporomandibular Dysfunction in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Condition: Diabetic Foot Ulcer; Temporomandibular Disorder; Swallowing Disorder
MeSH terms: Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome; Deglutition Disorders; Diabetic Foot; Foot Ulcer; Ulcer
Study type: Observational [Patient Registry]

Summary: 
      The aim of this observational study is to investigate the effects of the type, area and
      duration of ulceration on jaw pain, mandibular function limitation, TMD and swallowing in
      individuals with diabetic foot ulcers.The main questions it aims to answer are:

        -  Does the change in foot structure due to diabetic foot ulcer have an effect on the
           temporomandibular jointand swalloving?

        -  What are the determinants of tempomandibular dysfunction in individuals with diabetic
           foot ulcers?

      Participants (both groups) will be evaluated for quality of life, jaw functionality,
      mandibular dysfunction, oropharyngeal swallowing disorder, pain and diabetes complications.
    

Detailed description: 
      The study was planned in an observational case-control study design. 84 participants were
      included. Individuals who signed the Informed Consent Form were included in the study.
      Individuals aged between 46-80 (min-max) who were diagnosed with type 2 DM and DFU in Harran
      University Research and Application Hospital Endocrinology Polyclinic were included in the
      study group, and healthy individuals aged 37-85 (min-max) without a diagnosis of DM were
      included in the control group. Among the exclusion criteria for all individuals from the
      study, the Mini-Mental Test score should be below 24, history of psychiatric illness, cancer,
      neurological problems, congenital anomalies, musculoskeletal problems, having a systemic
      disease, facial paralysis, undergoing surgery due to spine, abdomen and/or TMJ problem and
      receiving any treatment related to the spine and TMJ in less than 6 months.

      In the clinical evaluation of individuals with DFU about diabetes and ulcers; diabetes
      duration, HbA1C value, glycemic control adequacy, and peripheral arterial disease were
      recorded, monofilament test was performed for sensory evaluation. Ulcer type and duration
      were recorded, and ulcer area was measured. Individuals' quality of life was evaluated with
      the Ferran Powers Quality of Life Index. In the evaluation of oral health in all
      participants; burning mouth syndrome, dry mouth sensation, tooth loss, tooth decay, and
      intraoral lesions were questioned.

      Participants' pain reports were evaluated using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS).

      Participants' swallowing disorders were evaluated using the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10).

      Participants' TMJ disorders were evaluated using the Fonseca Anamnestic Index.

      Participants' mandibular dysfunctions were evaluated using the Mandibular Function Disorder
      Questionnaire .
    

Intervention name(s): observation
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): Planned measurements and scales will be applied
Observational model: Case-Control
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Primary care clinic
      
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Foot Ulcer; TMJ; Oral Health; Quality of Life