The Effects of Reiki on Abdominal Surgery Patients' Anxiety, Fear, Postoperative Pain and Life Findings
Condition: Anxiety; Fear; Postoperative Pain; Reiki; Vital Signs
MeSH terms: Pain, Postoperative
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Abdominal surgeries are those in which pain is felt severely due to the incision close to the
      diaphragm and an intensive neural network in the abdominal area. If the patient's
      post-operative pain is not controlled; Since it will restrict patient mobility, it can cause
      problems on many systems such as the pulmonary, cardiovascular and neuroendocrine system, and
      even suppress the immune system. Surgical intervention decision can cause anxiety in
      individuals regardless of the type of surgical procedure. Fear of anesthesia, fear of death,
      possibility of developing complications after surgery, pain, change in daily life activities,
      loss of social life and loss of control can lead to anxiety. In addition to all these,
      factors such as pain, fear, anxiety that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system can
      increase the pulse rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate.

      Reiki, a complementary and alternative medicine (TAT) method, is a bioenergy based on the
      energy use of the body and has been used in various cultures for centuries in preventing and
      treating some diseases. Reiki is thought to help balance the body's natural energetic systems
      and reduce anxiety by transferring the available energy through hands. During Reiki, the
      activity of the parasympathetic system increases, pain and anxiety decrease. Thus, the
      patient's complaints are reduced by providing early discharge with possible complications
      after surgery.

      Studies on the effectiveness of reiki, which is increasing worldwide use and recommended as a
      treatment approach for health services, are insufficient. The aim of this study, which is
      planned as a three-group interventional randomized control, is to examine the effect of reiki
      application on patients' negative reflections on pain, anxiety, fear and vital signs, which
      is the major surgery type in which patients experience the most pain.
    

Detailed description: 
      In line with the results of the power analysis using the Gpower 3.1.9.2 program, it was
      planned to include 31 patients in reiki, 31 patients in sham reiki and 31 patients in the
      control group, and the simple randomization method was used to distribute the sample to the
      study groups. Research data were collected in a quiet single room in the operating room
      Pre-op Unit and in the patient rooms of General Surgery I and II Clinics between July 2020
      and December 2020. In order to determine the clarity of the data collection form, after
      obtaining permission from the ethics committee and pre-application with 12 patients who met
      the study criteria, "Personal Information Form", "Patient Follow-up Form" and Postoperative
      Period Patient Analgesic Follow-up Form" and "Reiki-Related Feedback Form" were prepared.
      filled. Application" Data were collected before and after reiki in the Pre-op unit on the 0th
      day before the operation, and in the General Surgery I and II clinics on the 1st and 2nd days
      after the operation. After obtaining the consent of the patient in the preoperative unit, the
      Personal Information Form, the Surgical Fear Scale and the STAI-I State Anxiety Scale were
      applied, and the results and vital findings after SPO2 were recorded in the Patient
      Follow-up. Form. According to randomization, the patients in the reiki/sham reiki group were
      taken to a quiet single room and reiki/sham reiki was applied for approximately 25-30
      minutes. Done. Reiki application was applied by a researcher who received Reiki II level
      training, and sham reiki was applied by a health professional who did not receive reiki
      training. A written protocol is provided to both the Reiki practitioner and Sham Reiki
      practitioner describing hand positions, areas of practice, sequence and times. 5 minutes
      after the end of the application, the "Surgical Fear Scale" and the "STAI-I State Anxiety
      Scale" were re-administered, the patient's SPO2 and vital signs were taken again. In the
      control group according to randomization. The "Surgical Fear Scale" and the "STAI-I State
      Anxiety Scale" were applied and the patient's vital signs and SPO2 were measured. 30 minutes
      from assessment. Then, all measurements were repeated and recorded on the Patient Follow-up
      Form.

      On the 1st and 2nd postoperative days, 4 hours after the routine analgesic drug
      administration, pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure and SPO2 were measured and recorded
      in the patient follow-up form. After assessing the severity of pain with the "Visual
      Comparison Scale" and the anxiety with the "STAI-I State Anxiety Inventory", the patient was
      evaluated once a day for 25-30 minutes, depending on the group he was in. minute reiki/sham
      reiki was applied. 5 minutes after the end of the application. Then, the patient's pulse,
      respiratory rate, blood pressure and SPO2 were measured again and recorded in the Patient
      Follow-up Form. The severity of pain was re-evaluated with the "Visual Comparison Scale" and
      the state anxiety level with the "STAI-I State Anxiety Inventory". The analgesic
      doses/numbers used on the 1st and 2nd days were recorded in the "Analgesic Usage Follow-up
      Form". Routine postoperative care was given to the control group without any intervention,
      and data collection tools were applied at the same time as the experimental group twice at
      30-minute intervals. After the final evaluation on the 2nd day, Reiki and Sham Reiki were
      applied to the group, and the "Reiki Application Feedback Form" was applied.

      Statistical analyzes were performed using a package program called SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics
      24). Frequency tables and descriptive statistics were used to interpret the findings.
      Parametric methods were used for measurement values suitable for normal distribution. The
      "Independent Sample-t" test (t-table value) was used and the "ANOVA" test (F-table value)
      method was used to compare the measurement values of two independent groups in accordance
      with parametric methods. Compare the measurement values of three or more independent groups.
      The "Paired Sample-t" test (t-table value) method was used to compare the measurement values
      of the two dependent groups. Non-parametric methods were used for the measurement values that
      did not fit the normal distribution. "Mann-Whitney U" test (Z-table value) and
      "Kruskal-Wallis H" test (χ2-table value) were used to compare the measured values of two
      independent groups in accordance with non-parametric methods. ) method was used to compare
      the measurement values of three or more independent groups. . The "Wilcoxon" test (Z-table
      value) method was used to compare the measurement values of the two dependent groups.
    

Intervention name(s): Reiki
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): The study was conducted as a three-group interventional randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of Reiki touch therapy on surgical fear, pain, anxiety and vital signs in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery. Reiki was applied to the first group and sham reiki to the second group. Group 3 formed the control group.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention model description: The study was planned as a three-group interventional randomized controlled study to examine the effect of Reiki touch therapy, which is a complementary method in relieving surgical fear, pain and anxiety in patients who will undergo open abdominal surgery.
Masking: Single (Participant)
Primary purpose: Supportive Care