Effects of Music on Motor Skills of Children With Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder
Condition: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
MeSH terms: Hyperkinesis; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Physiotherapists have positive effects on motor skills, executive functions and symptoms of
      children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. However, progression takes time
      due to the symptoms of the disease. Physiotherapists need strategies to manage the symptoms
      of ADHD. Music can be used as a strategy because music is known to reduce the symptoms of
      children in this group. There is no study in the literature on how motor skills will be
      affected with musical accompaniment. The aim of this study is to compare motor skills
      performed with and without music in children with ADHD. When we evaluate motor skills like in
      a treatment session, the usability of music as an environmental factor will be investigated
      according to the positive, negative or ineffective results of the music effect.
    

Detailed description: 
      The American Psychiatric Association defines attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder
      (ADHD) as one of the most common mental disorders affecting children and adults. The etiology
      of ADHD is not fully known. Attention deficit, hyperactivity and/or impulsivity are seen as
      the main symptoms of ADHD. ADHD is grouped into three subtypes according to these symptoms.
      These three subtypes consist of attention-deficit-dominant type, hyperactivity-dominant type,
      and combined type with both hyperactivity and inattention symptoms. Researchers reported that
      45-70% of children with ADHD have problems in fine and gross motor skills. It is known that
      problems in motor skills are associated with main symptoms. Balance, gait and postural
      control are affected in terms of gross motor skills. It has been observed that they perform
      more slowly in activities that require fine motor skills such as cutting, doing crafts or
      drawing, and in consecutive finger movements. In addition, handwriting disorders such as
      dysgraphia are seen in 70% of children with ADHD. During the dual tasks, the sources of
      attention are divided. Due to this division, the secondary task affects postural performance.

      Music is one of the therapy options in some conditions and known as music therapy. It is used
      in many diseases and conditions such as dementia-alzamer, autism, cerebral palsy, cancer,
      prematurity, depression and ADHD. Now that music is known to reduce the symptoms of children
      with ADHD, physical therapists may use music as a strategy. Thus, the purpose of this study
      is to compare motor skills of children with ADHD with and without music conditions.
    

Intervention name(s): Music
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): "L400 Over Ear Music Headset Glowing Cat Ear Headphones 7" branded headphones will be used for musical measurements (70-80 bpm music).
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Other