Metabolism of Obese Women Under Exercise and Recovery Hypoxia
Condition: Obesity
MeSH terms: Hypoxia
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Obesity is characterized as a low-grade systemic inflammatory disease, which changes several
      pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The practice of physical activity is a
      non-pharmacological method that results in the reduction of the systemic inflammatory state
      and, when associated with hypoxia exposure, may substantially improve this state. Deep-water
      running is highly indicated to obese for guarantee less joint impact and lower fatigue
      levels. In this way, the high-intensity exercise associated with intermittent recovery
      hypoxia in obese women will be investigated.
    

Detailed description: 
      Obesity is characterized as a low-grade systemic inflammatory disease. With the increase in
      adipose tissue, several cytokines show alterations in synthesis and secretion, resulting in
      endocrine imbalances. The cytokines that most influence this process are adiponectin, which
      is anti-inflammatory and reduces its concentration during obesity. At the same time, the
      pro-inflammatory cytokines are tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6),
      which show a significant increase in the face of obesity. The practice of physical activity
      is a non-pharmacological method that results in the reduction of the systemic inflammatory
      state, altering the lipid profile and levels of both anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines and
      the improvement of the individual's physical capacity. Due to the high joint overload and
      muscle stress, water exercises are recommended for obese individuals as it maintains motor
      stimulation with a low risk of injury. The training tied to running in a deep pool, also
      known as Deep Water Running (DWR), will promote advantages similar to running on the ground,
      such as improving aerobic capacity, avoiding impact and enabling the performance of exercise
      at high intensities lower levels of fatigue. The high-intensity exercise performance reduces
      the availability of oxygen to muscle cells, inducing the hypoxic environment, which causes
      stabilization of the hypoxia inductive factor 1 (HIF-1), promoting gene transcriptions
      related to erythropoiesis and angiogenesis. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the
      effects of high-intensity physical exercise associated with recovery hypoxia, observing both
      the inflammatory and lipid profile and the physical capacity of obese women grade I. For
      this, 45 women with obesity will participate in the study, divided into 3 groups: hypoxia,
      normoxia and control. All will perform body composition, food intake, hematological and lipid
      profile tests, plus the serum quantification of cytokines before and after the 8 weeks of
      physical training. Deep-water tied running (DWR) training will be periodized, high-intensity
      interval, with recovery in hypoxia or normoxia. Intermittent recovery hypoxia is expected to
      act as an additive effect on the use of oxygen by the muscle, resulting in an improvement in
      the hematological and lipid profile, aerobic capacity and changes in the inflammatory profile
      in obese women.
    

Intervention name(s): Tied deep-Water Running
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): 4 efforts of tied deep-water running for 5 minutes at 100-110%Vo2max under normoxia with 5 minutes of passive rest under hypoxia (FiO2=13%) or normoxia (FiO2= 20%). Frequency: 3x/week for 8 weeks.
Other intervention name(s): DWR
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention model description: Randomized clinical trial.
Masking: Single (Participant)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Obesity; Intermittent hypoxia; Metabolic disease; Deep-water running