A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Memantine for Alcohol Dependence
Condition: Alcohol Dependence (Primary Condition); Alcohol Abuse
MeSH terms: Alcoholism
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 2

Summary: 
      The purpose of this study is to obtain a preliminary indication of the safety and
      effectiveness of oral memantine (40 mg/day) in alcohol dependent patients. This study is a
      16-week study comparison of memantine and placebo in patients with alcohol dependence.
    

Detailed description: 
      This study is a 16-week study, double-blind, parallel groups, two arm comparison of memantine
      and placebo in patients with alcohol dependence.

      Procedures. This outpatient clinical trial comprises a 2-week placebo lead-in phase followed
      by a 12-week treatment phase and a 2-week lead-out phase. Patients will be seen 2x/week.
      There will also be a 3-month follow-up visit to reassess the status of abstinence or relapse
      to drinking. The design of the study is as follows:

      Single-blind Placebo Lead-in Phase (Week -2 and Week -1). Patients who give informed consent
      and provisionally meet the inclusion-exclusion criteria will enter a 2-week Single-blind
      Placebo Lead-in Phase. After this placebo lead-in phase, patients will be randomized to
      receive memantine or placebo and they will be stratified by sex, age, race and level of
      alcohol dependence.

      12 Week Treatment Phase (Weeks 1-12). At these visits, medication will be provided,
      standardized assessment instruments will be completed, and biochemical measures will be taken
      to monitor alcohol consumption as well as compliance with study medication. In one of these
      two weekly visits patients will receive individual, manual-guided relapse prevention therapy
      with a clinician and meet with a study psychiatrist. Patients wishing to take naltrexone
      (ReVia), disulfiram (Antabuse), or participate in more intensive inpatient treatment during
      the trial will be discontinued from the study.

      Single-blind Lead-out Phase (Weeks 13-14). During this 2-week lead-out phase, patients on
      active medication will be tapered off the medication to placebo, but all other measures and
      assessments (including weekly psychotherapy sessions) will remain the same. All patients,
      regardless of whether they complete the study or are administratively removed, will be
      followed up and rated at Week 14. There will also be a 3-month follow-up visit to reassess
      the status of abstinence or relapse to drinking.

      Clinic Visits. During these visits, the research nurse and a research assistant measure
      breath alcohol content (BAC), urine and blood samples as scheduled for monitoring alcohol,
      illicit drug use, and medication compliance. Medication compliance will initially be assessed
      by measuring riboflavin fluorescence in urine samples. The staff will supervise the
      completion of self-report questionnaires. The nurse will check vital signs at each visit,
      weight once per week and will question patients about compliance, any missed doses, and
      possible side effect or other adverse events, and will complete the compliance and adverse
      events forms. Medication compliance will be monitored via riboflavin (Del Boca et al 1996),
      self-report data, collateral informant data, and medication blood levels. Likewise, drinking
      behavior will be monitored with BAC, self-report and collateral informant data. This data
      will be available to the treatment team and will be used to reinforce importance of
      compliance. The patient will meet weekly with the psychiatrist who will assess current
      alcohol use and mood status, evaluate side effects and adjust dosage as needed (using the
      prearranged blinded dose adjustment schedule), review events occurring since the last study
      visit relating to the patient's functioning, and perform the CGI-Observer rating. During one
      of the two weekly visits, the patient will also meet with the therapist for individual
      relapse prevention therapy. At any point during the trial, if the treating psychiatrist
      determines that the primary alcohol dependence, secondary dependence on other drugs of abuse,
      or new drug dependence has escalated such that a more intensive intervention is required,
      he/she will make decisions about removal from the trial and referral to other forms of
      treatment.

      Medication will be given on a fixed-flexible schedule, titrated to the maximum recommended
      dose to minimize side effects. Patients will receive enough medication to last until the next
      visit. For patients assigned to memantine, they will be gradually titrated from 10 mg/day to
      the maximal dose of 20 mg b.i.d. (40 mg/day) over the first two weeks of the treatment phase.
      All patients will receive matching pills in the same quantity each day. In case of several
      missed visits, side effects or adverse events, a study nurse and a study psychiatrist will
      meet with the patient and a dose decrease will be arranged using the prearranged blinded dose
      adjustment schedule. Patients who cannot tolerate 50% of the maximal dose (i.e., 20 mg/day
      memantine) will be discontinued from study medication; however, based on our experience, this
      is highly unlikely.
    

Intervention name(s): Memantine
Intervention type(s): Drug
Intervention MeSH terms: Memantine
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Alcohol Dependence; Alcohol Abuse; Memantine; Alcohol Treatment