Peripheral Protective Sensation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Condition: Diabetic Foot; Diabetic Neuropathies
MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies; Diabetic Foot; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of sole sensation on peripheral muscle
      strength, functional capacity, balance and physical activity level in individuals with Type 2
      Diabetes Mellitus.
    

Detailed description: 
      Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterised by insulin resistance,
      which is common all over the world, imposes an economic burden on the patient and his/her
      family because it requires continuous care and treatment, and may adversely affect the
      quality and duration of life of patients by leading to organ and function losses due to the
      complications it causes. Today, diabetes is an increasingly important health problem due to
      its incidence and the problems it causes. In DM, macrovascular and microvascular
      complications are observed with the disease. It may lead to development of foot deformities,
      biomechanical abnormalities and loss of protective sensation in the foot due to motor,
      sensory and autonomic neuropathy especially in the lower extremity. In the progressive
      process, loss of protective sensation may result in peripheral neuropathy. In the literature,
      loss of protective sensation is shown as the primary cause of peripheral neuropathy. In a
      study, it was found that light touch pressure, two-point discrimination and vibration senses
      on the soles of the feet of patients with diabetes mellitus decreased compared to healthy
      individuals. Diabetic foot is an important complication of diabetes which can be prevented
      with patient education and early treatment, although mortality, morbidity and treatment costs
      are quite high. This condition affects the individual's life in many aspects. When reseracher
      examine the literature, most of the studies on physical activity, functional capacity and
      quality of life in individuals with Type 2 DM with neuropathy examine the effect of
      neuropathy on these parameters. There is little literature examining the effect of protective
      sensory loss before the development of neuropathy. Researcher think that it is important to
      evaluate the sole sensation before the development of neuropathy in type 2 DM patients in
      order to determine the risk factors. Researcher also think that we will contribute to the
      literature by examining the relationship between the level of protective sensory loss and
      muscle strength, functional capacity, balance and physical activity level.

      The study is planned to include 30 volunteer participants diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes
      Mellitus. In this prospective study based on face-to-face interview method; body fat (%),
      skeletal muscle mass (%) (with Omron BF511 Body Composition Monitor), waist and hip
      circumference, lower extremity muscle strength (for quadriceps and biceps muscles) (with
      muscle hand held dynamometer), It is planned to measure upper extremity muscle strength (grip
      strength) (with hand grip dynamometer), functional capacity (with 6 Minute Walk Test),
      postural stability, stability limits and sensory integration of balance (with Biodex Balance
      System®). In addition, participants are expected to answer the questions of the International
      Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ) to evaluate their physical activity levels.
    

Intervention name(s): Foot Sole Sensation Evaluation
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In this prospective study based on face-to-face interview method; body fat (%), skeletal muscle mass (%) (with Omron BF511 Body Composition Monitor), waist and hip circumference, lower extremity muscle strength (for quadriceps and biceps muscles) (with muscle hand held dynamometer), It is planned to measure upper extremity muscle strength (grip strength) (with hand grip dynamometer), functional capacity (with 6 Minute Walk Test), postural stability, stability limits and sensory integration of balance (with Biodex Balance System®). In addition, individuals are expected to answer the questions of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ) to evaluate their physical activity levels.
Observational model: Other
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Patients who were followed up with the diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus at the Internal
        Medicine Outpatient Clinic of the Eyup Additional Service Building of Bezmialem October
        Foundation University
      
Keywords: Diabetic Foot; Diabetic Neuropathies; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus