Financial Burden Associated With Stroke Rehabilitation
Condition: Stroke
MeSH terms: Stroke; Financial Stress
Study type: Observational [Patient Registry]

Summary: 
      Stroke is one of the main causes of disability and the fourth leading cause of death. All
      over the world, stroke prevalence varies between 1.9% and 4.3%among adults older than 20
      years. The incidence of a stroke increases rapidly with age, double every decade after 55
      years old. After a stroke, survivors may experience several issues (i.e. rehabilitation) that
      increase their direct costs. Stroke survivors and their families may face considerable
      stroke-related financial burden. To evaluate the total amount or costs use for formal and
      informal care and the equipment or materials needed for care. This study will be conducted to
      evaluate the Financial Burden associated with stroke Survivors rehabilitation during their
      first post stroke year and to analyze the basic predictors of these financial expenses. Data
      will be collected from Sheikh Zayed hospital Lahore. A cross sectional Longitudinal study
      will be conducted. The Study will be conducted within 6 months of time period. Post stroke
      patients who discharge from hospital, after this disease had directly impacts on the
      survivors' and their family's lives and requires a long rehabilitation process, so they faces
      many challenges which will be studied. The Barthel Index Scale and Modified Charlson
      Co-morbidity Index is used to examine the participants autonomy in everyday life activities
      and their co-morbidities were administered in Stroke Survivors. Stroke Survivors who willing
      to participate will join in this study and the signed informed consent form will be taken
      from all participants. After getting approval from research committee data will be collected
      from the participants and SPSS V 25 will be used for data entry and analysis. The results of
      this study will help to explore the total amount of cost which use in stroke survivors
      rehabilitation process.
    

Detailed description: 
      Stroke is a clinical syndrome characterized by the rapid onset of focal neurological signs,
      lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death, with a presumed vascular cause. The main
      causes of stroke is it occur due to infarction and due to hemorrhage. In the U.S,
      approximately 40 percent of people who die from stroke are male, with 60 percent of deaths
      occurring in females. Worldwide, cerebro-vascular accidents (stroke) are the second leading
      cause of death and the third leading cause of disability. Stroke, the sudden death of some
      brain cells due to lack of oxygen when the blood flow to the brain is lost by blockage or
      rupture of an artery to the brain, is also a leading cause of dementia and depression.
      Globally, 70% of strokes and 87% of both stroke-related deaths and disability-adjusted life
      years occur in low- and middle-income countries. Over the last four decades, the stroke
      incidence in low- and middle-income countries has more than doubled. During these decades
      stroke incidence has declined by 42% in high-income countries.

      The incidence of a stroke increases rapidly with age, doubling every decade after 55 years
      old. There are various risk factors for stroke, including both modifiable (e.g., diet,
      co-morbid conditions) and non-modifiable risk factors (e.g., age, race).Other risk factors
      which is short-term risks or triggers (e.g., infectious events, sepsis, stress),
      intermediate- term risk factors (e.g., hypertension, hyperlipidemia) and long-term risk
      factors for stroke (e.g., sex, race). Risk factors for stroke in the young also likely differ
      from those in older patients. Recovery and rehabilitation is the most important aspects of
      stroke treatment. In most strokes cases the patient recover quickly, and sometimes patient
      recovery is variable. Rehabilitation process includes physical therapy, speech therapy and
      occupational therapy. Physical therapy involves using exercise and other physical means
      (e.g., massage, heat) and may help patients to regain their ROM and use of their arms and
      legs and prevent muscle stiffness in patients or with permanent paralysis. Speech therapy may
      help patients regain the ability to speak. Occupational therapy may help patients regain
      independent function and re-learn basic skills (e.g., Getting dressed, preparing a meal and
      bathing). Stroke is a common, serious, and disabling global health-care problem, and
      rehabilitation is a major part of patient care.Potentially beneficial treatment options for
      motor recovery of the arm include constraint-induced movement therapy and robotics. Most
      favorable interventions that could be beneficial to improve aspects of gait include fitness
      training, high-intensity therapy, and repetitive-task training.
    

Observational model: Ecologic or Community
Time perspective: Cross-Sectional
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Patients who were hospitalised within 72 hours of the onset of a first-ever stroke
        (ischaemic or haemorrhagic), as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) underwent
        outpatient rehabilitation in UMMC, and had a caregiver were eligible for inclusion in the
        present study. Patients were excluded from the study if they were pre-morbidly dependent
        and/or had subarachnoid haemorrhage, transient ischaemic attack, epilepsy, psychiatric
        illness or any terminal illness that could affect their daily function and activities.
      
Keywords: Financial Burden; Stroke; Longitudinal