Validity of Low Physical Activity Questionnaire (LoPAQ)
Condition: Chronic Kidney Diseases; End Stage Renal Disease; Hemodialysis Complication
MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Kidney Failure, Chronic
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      The goal of this observational study is to assess validity and reliability of Persian Version
      of Low Physical Activity Questionnaire. The main questions it mains to answer are:

      What is the level of physical activity in hemodialysis patients? Is Persian Version of Low
      Physical Activity Questionnaire, Valid to assess physical activity levels of dialysis
      patients?

      Is Persian Version of Low Physical Activity Questionnaire, reliable?

      Participants will answer 3 questionnaires and will do some functional tests.
    

Detailed description: 
      Currently, between 8 and 16 percent of the world's population is suffering from chronic
      kidney disease, and this number is increasing day by day, and it is predicted that by 2040,
      kidney disease will be the fifth cause of death.

      End-stage kidney disease patients, especially hemodialysis patients, face various problems,
      and during the years of dialysis, they suffer from many complications and problems, such as
      repeated hospitalizations, reduced physical performance, reduced aerobic capacity, low
      quality of life, and having a sedentary life. suffer, so that the activity level of these
      patients is between 20 and 50% of healthy people.

      The physical activity level of patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment is low and
      significantly lower than the same inactive control groups. Research has shown that the level
      of physical activity of hemodialysis patients gradually decreases by approximately 4.5% per
      month during the entire period of the disease . In addition, the activities related to the
      work done at home constitute the largest part of the energy consumption of hemodialysis
      patients, which means that the types of activities of hemodialysis patients are usually
      limited to the lower category.

      Valid instruments for measuring physical activity at the low end of the physical activity
      range and producing quantitative results are required among dialysis patients who are
      extremely inactive. This study aimed to translate and adapt a Persian version of the low
      physical activity questionnaire (LoPAQ) and to examine its reliability and validity among
      hemodialysis patients.
    

Observational model: Case-Only
Time perspective: Cross-Sectional
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Hemodialysis patients being treated with the same respective dialysis modalities for at
        least 3 months and being ambulatory (with or without assistive device) will be included.

        But non-ambulatory patients having significant cognitive dysfunction, progressive
        degenerative,neurologic disease or severe rheumatologic or orthopedic conditions, angina
        upon exertion, or myocardial infarction or cardiac surgery within the last year will be
        excluded.
      
Keywords: Hemodialysis; Physical Activity; Validity; Reliability; Sedentary Behaviour