Evaluation of the Results of Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Condition: Exercise Training
MeSH terms: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Non-selective closed kinetic chain exercises and or selective closed kinetic chain exercises
      has been shown to increase Vastus medialis obliquus muscle power in patellofemoral pain
      syndrome. However, the superiority of the exercises to each other has not been shown.

      This study aimed to evaluating the effects of different exercises on the stiffness of the
      Vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis muscles, pain management, functional scores,
      and thigh circumferences.
    

Detailed description: 
      This randomized-controlled clinical trial included 40 patients (20 male and 20 female) who
      were admitted to hospital and who were clinically diagnosed with single-sided patellofemoral
      pain syndrome (PFPS) and 40 healthy controls (20 male and 20 female). Each group were
      randomized into subgroups according to diseased side of the PFPS group (40 knees), healthy
      side of the PFPS group (40 knees) and both side of the healthy control group (80 knees).
      Randomization was applied with random-number generator (Research Randomizer. Version 4.0).
      Only one of the authors was aware of randomization. Examiner and patient were blind to the
      relevant group. Non-selective closed kinetic chain and selective closed kinetic chain
      exercises were applied for 6 weeks in all groups. Thigh circumference measurement was
      performed 5-10 cm above the upper pole of the patella. In addition, evaluation was made with
      visual analog score (VAS) and Lysholm Knee Score (LKS) score. Vastus medialis obliquus (VMO)
      and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles of the participants were measured with Shear Wave
      Elastography 1 day before the therapy and 6 weeks after therapy. Written informed consent was
      taken from each patient.This study is in line with the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was
      obtained by the Local Ethics Committee (17/07/2016-258642).
    

Intervention name(s): Non-selective closed kinetic chain exercises (NSKCE) and selective closed kinetic chain exercises (SCKCE)
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): Non-selective closed kinetic chain double-leg semi-squat exercise In this exercise, the standing patient leans his or her back against the wall and slides down the wall until the knees are about 45 degrees flexed. Daily program was determined as 5 sessions and 10 repeats. The knee stayed at flexion position for 10 seconds in each repeat, which aimed the contraction of quadriceps muscle. There is a relaxation period for 5 seconds between each repeat.
Selective closed kinetic chain double-leg semi-squat exercise with hip adduction In this exercise, the standing patient leans his or her back against the wall, forces the knees for adduction by squeezing the pillow placed between the knees and slides down the wall until the knees are about 45 degrees flexed. Daily program was determined as 5 sessions and 10 repeats.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: Single (Participant)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Elastography; exercises; non-selective; pain; patellofemoral