Effectiveness of Lateral Wedge Insole on Knee Osteoarthritis Outcomes in Pakistani Population
Condition: Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis
MeSH terms: Osteoarthritis; Osteoarthritis, Knee
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Osteoarthritis (OA) is a persistent joint disorder, which normally affects the weight bearing
      joints especially knee joint. Lateral wedge insole is one such approach suggested by
      professionals to manage the knee osteoarthritis.Effectiveness of lateral wedge insoles (LWI)
      group (n=20), and conventional physical therapy (CPT) group (n=20) with home exercises as
      baseline treatment were assessed on Urdu version of Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome
      Score scale (KOOS).
    

Detailed description: 
      A total of n=104 patients were recruited through the non-probability convenience sampling
      technique and were thus evaluated for the inclusion criteria. Of which, n=40 participants
      fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Participants were randomly divided through the sealed
      envelope method in two groups; lateral wedge insoles with home exercises group (n=20), and
      traditional physiotherapy with home exercises group (n=20). The data was collected through a
      general demographic questionnaire and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in
      Urdu to determine the severity of pain, stiffness, functional activities, recreational
      activities and Quality of life to promote functional independence in osteoarthritic
      patients.[20] The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Statistical Package for the Social
      Sciences (SPSS) ver. 23 was used for data analysis.As the assumption of the parametric test
      was met, mixed ANOVA was used for the interaction effect of between-subject factor (group)
      and within-subject factor (time). With-in group analysis and one way ANOVA was used for
      between-group comparisons to determine the effect size (ɳp2).
    

Intervention name(s): Lateral wedge insoles with home exercises group(Group 1); Traditional physiotherapy with home exercises group (Group 2)
Intervention type(s): Other; Other
Intervention description(s): In this group, participants were advised to use lateral wedge insole during walking and long-standing. Non customized full-length lateral wedge insoles of 7mm made of silicon material with 5 degrees angulation (because greater wedging is associated with foot discomfort) was used. Full-length wedge extends under the lesser metatarsal heads which increases the lever arm for rearfoot eversion and thus can prevent subtalar joint rotation. The evaluations were performed every week till fourth week.; Each participant received 40-45 minutes long session, started in lying position. The therapeutic low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (US) was used for 7 minutes with the frequency of 1 MHz, Spatial Average Intensity was 0.2 W /cm2, pulsed duty cycle 20%, therapeutic dose was 112.5 J/cm2 with fixed application on the medial side of the knee joint. The model of US was Unit Intelect Mobile, (Chattanooga Inc). After US therapy passive stretching of calf, hamstring, quadriceps, hip flexors, adductors & abductor s was done, which was followed by the manual strengthening exercises and strengthening with quadriceps bench. The session was repeated thrice a week and 12 sessions per month. The home program was guided in both groups including avoiding low sitting, cross leg sitting along with Isometrics of quadriceps atleast 3 times a day, with 5-10 seconds hold of each contraction.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Knee osteoarthritis, functional independence, musculoskeletal physiotherapy, orthotics, quality of life.