Impact of Dental Pain on the Quality of Life
Condition: Dental Pain; Dental Caries
MeSH terms: Dental Caries; Toothache
Study type: Observational [Patient Registry]

Summary: 
      The aim of the present study was to evaluate the perceived impact of dental caries and dental
      pain on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among preschool children and their
      families. A cross-sectional study was conduct with 843 preschool children in Campina Grande,
      Brazil. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire on socio-demographic information, their
      child's general/oral health and history of dental pain. The Brazilian version of the Early
      Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale was administered to determine the perceived impact of
      caries and dental pain on OHRQoL. Children have undergone an oral examination. Logistic
      regression for complex sample was used to determine associations between the dependent and
      independent variables (OR: odds ratio; α = 5%).
    

Detailed description: 
      The present study received approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the State
      University of Paraíba (Brazil) under process number 00460133000-11 in compliance with
      Resolution 196/96 of the Brazilian National Health Council.

      A school-based, cross-sectional study was carried out involving male and female children aged
      three to five years enrolled at private and public preschools in the city of Campina Grande,
      Brazil. Campina Grande is an industrialized city in northeastern Brazil with a population of
      386,000 inhabitants and is divided into six administrative districts. The city has
      considerable cultural, social and economic disparities, with a mean monthly income per capita
      equal to US$ 110 and a Human Development Index of 0.72 [11]. The participants were selected
      from a total population of 12,705 children in this age group and corresponded to 6.41% of the
      entire population and therefore representative of preschool children in Campina Grande.

      A two-phase sampling method was used to ensure representativeness. A list of preschools was
      obtained from the Municipal Secretary of Education of Campina Grande. To ensure the
      representativeness a sample calculation was done. Through a stratified sampling procedure,
      preschools were selected at draw from each district of Campina Grande. Then the number of
      schoolchildren from each preschool was proportional to the number of schoolchildren enrolled
      in each district. The sample was obtained from the proportion estimation calculation.
      Preschools were randomly selected by draw from each district in the first phase and children
      were randomly selected from each preschool in the second phase. Eighteen of the 127 public
      preschools and 15 of the 122 private preschools were randomly selected by lots. The sample
      size was calculated with a 4% margin of error, a 95% confidence level and a 50% prevalence
      rate of perceived impact on child and family OHRQoL. A correction factor of 1.2 was applied
      to compensate for the design effect [12].

      The minimum sample size was estimated at 720 schoolchildren, to which an additional 20% was
      added to compensate for possible losses, giving a total sample of 864 schoolchildren.
    

Observational model: Case-Only
Time perspective: Cross-Sectional
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        A school-based, cross-sectional study was carried out involving male and female children
        aged three to five years enrolled at private and public preschools in the city of Campina
        Grande, Brazil. Campina Grande is an industrialized city in northeastern Brazil with a
        population of 386,000 inhabitants and is divided into six administrative districts. The
        city has considerable cultural, social and economic disparities, with a mean monthly income
        per capita equal to US$ 110 and a Human Development Index of 0.72 [11]. The participants
        were selected from a total population of 12,705 children in this age group and corresponded
        to 6.41% of the entire population and therefore representative of preschool children in
        Campina Grande.
      
Keywords: Toothache; Quality of life; Oral Health; Children