Physical Fitness Effect on the Different Oxidative Stress Measurements
Condition: Oxidative Stress
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Physical exercise has many benefits, although it might also have negative impact on the body,
      which changes in accordance with training level, length of workout, age of subject and their
      fitness level. These outcomes are governed by complex biological processes, from which
      Reactive Oxygen Substances (ROS) are considered the most prominent ones during exercise
      activity. These substances harm muscle activity, and might cause other health related damage
      by influencing other pathways that engage with free radicals. Excess of ROS, is expressed as
      Oxidative Stress (OS), pathogenic process activation and aging. With this in mind, it is
      important to remember that ROS are essential to the investigators bodies as well, especially
      in gene regulation. Thus they influence proteins that are important for proper muscle
      function and the immune system.

      Physical exercise induces changes in low molecular weight antioxidants, and in antioxidant
      enzymes. According to results that were published in the literature, no universal conclusion
      can be made regarding physical exercise effect on antioxidants activity. These contradictions
      might be attributed to the difference between the methods that were used, and their quality.

      Paradoxically, physical exercise has the same effect on ROS inducement in skeletal muscle
      fibers as does not using the muscles for a long period of time (especially as a result of
      handicap). It is well known that physical exercise effect oxidative stress and antioxidant.
      Due to the doubts that rise from the literature, the investigators think that it is important
      to test physical fitness effect on oxidative stress biological markers, using various high
      quality methods, on the same population.

      The investigators will test healthy men, 20-35 years of age, none smokers with 6-24% fat, who
      do not take vitamins or supplements. The men will run on a treadmill for 10 minutes to
      exhaustion, and blood will be taken before the test, 5 minutes after the test, and an hour
      after the test (checking recovery).
    

Detailed description: 
      Things the investigators will measure:

        1. Filling out a physical fitness, and overall health form, that indicates all fitness
           activity in the past 3 years, and vitamins and supplements that are being taken.

        2. Fat percentage

        3. VO2 max

        4. Oxidants and antioxidants activity: Super oxide dismutase, Catalase, GSH/GSSG,
           Glutathione peroxide, Glutathione reductase, LDL, conjugated dienes, Plasma
           malondialdehyde. Measurements will be taken before the test, 5 minutes after the test
           and an hour after the test.

      Work plan:

      50 men, at the ages of 20-35 will be recruited. The participants will fill out a form that
      indicates their physical activity in the past 3 years, as well as their vitamin and
      supplements intake.

      The men will run on a treadmill for 10 minutes until exhaustion.

      Blood will be drawn before, 5 minutes after and an hour after the test. Oxidative stress will
      be measured according to the following parameters:

        -  10 ml of blood in citrate tube will be centrifuged and analyzed for: Super oxide
           dismutase, Catalase, GSH/GSSG, Glutathione peroxide, Glutathione reductase.

        -  2 ml of blood with no coagulating factors will be centrifuged and analyzed for: LDL,
           conjugated dienes, Plasma malondialdehyde (TBARS).

      Clinical research:

      Participants will run on a treadmill for 10 minutes until exhaustion. The men will be divided
      into 5 groups according to their VO2 max, comparing the oxidants and antioxidants activity
      between the groups.

      Checking the oxidative stress and VO2 dependency (VO2 is an index for physical fitness).

      Age: 20-35 Sex: Men Inclusion criteria: Healthy men, 2-35 years of age, with 6-24% body fat.
      Exclusion criteria: Smokers, and people who use vitamins and supplements.
    

Intervention name(s): Stress test
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): Stress test while running on a treadmill until exhaustion for 8-12 minutes. Blood will be drawn before, 5 minutes after and an hour after the test.
Other intervention name(s): blood test
Intervention model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Basic Science
Keywords: oxidative stress, physical exercise, fitness level