bioihbjkbjnl/mcl2 huggingface dataset:
Short Term Immobilization of the Lower Limb
Condition: Weakness, Muscle; Muscle Weakness; Muscle Loss; Muscle Atrophy; Injury, Knee
MeSH terms: Muscle Weakness; Muscular Atrophy; Atrophy; Asthenia; Knee Injuries
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of one week of knee-joint
      immobilization on muscle size, strength, neuromuscular function, and brain function. In
      addition, the effects of two different interventions (i.e., neuromuscular electrical
      stimulation and action observation/mental imagery) throughout immobilization will be
      determined. Following the immobilization period, participants that have lost strength will be
      rehabilitated with twice weekly resistance training sessions, and sex-based differences in
      rehabilitation timelines will be examined.
    

Detailed description: 
      This study will utilize a repeated measures design in healthy adults aged 18-40 years. After
      a thorough familiarization visit, muscular size, strength, neuromuscular responses, and
      corticospinal excitability/inhibition will be measured before (PRE) and after (POST) one week
      of unilateral knee joint immobilization of the left leg. Four groups will be examined: 1)
      immobilization only, 2) immobilization + daily neuromuscular electrical stimulation, 3)
      immobilization + daily action observation/mental imagery training, 4) a control group.
      Throughout the immobilization period, participants will be in a leg brace locked at 90
      degrees knee flexion. They will perform daily range of motion exercises and wear a
      compression sock at all times to mitigate the risk of blood clots. Following completion of
      the immobilization period, participants that have lost strength will complete a supervised
      rehabilitation program of twice weekly lower body resistance training sessions until they
      have returned to baseline levels of strength. Group assignment will be randomized and blocked
      on sex to ensure an equal number of participants within each group consisting of a relatively
      equal number of males and females.
    

Intervention name(s): Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation; Action Observation + Mental Imagery
Intervention type(s): Other; Other
Intervention description(s): Participants in this group will perform twice daily neuromuscular electrical stimulation training sessions of the quadriceps muscles (specifically, the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris) or the immobilized left leg.; Participants in this group will perform daily action observation + mental imagery training via video and audio recordings.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention model description: Repeated measures design
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Prevention
Keywords: immobilization; muscle atrophy; muscle strength; action observation; mental imagery; neuromuscular electrical stimulation; rehabilitation
Computer-based Brief Intervention for Perinatal Substance Abuse
Condition: Substance Abuse
MeSH terms: Substance-Related Disorders
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2

Summary: 
      The purpose of the study is to see if a brief computer program can help new mothers cut down
      or quit tobacco, alcohol, or drug use.
    

Detailed description: 
      The purpose of this Stage I/II intervention study (that is, Stage II for drug use and Stage I
      for alcohol use and smoking) is to test the efficacy of a brief, computerized motivational
      intervention for substance abuse among post-partum women. The study will randomly assign 350
      post-partum women to either intervention or control conditions, with intervention itself
      taking approximately 30 minutes in the period before the participant leaves the hospital.
      Inclusion criteria will include post-partum status, age between 18 and 45, ability to
      understand spoken English, and meeting criteria for one of the three substance use groups:
      any illicit drug use in month prior to pregnancy, meeting T-ACE criteria for problem alcohol
      use, or smoking in past month. Exclusion criteria will include receipt of narcotic pain
      medication in the past 3 hours, no sleep since giving birth, and inability to provide
      informed consent (e.g., due to psychosis or other clear cognitive impairment).

      Lab-based follow-up will occur at 3- and 6-months postpartum. The primary outcomes will be
      participant report of frequency of substance use and toxicological analyses of substance use
      (urinalysis and expired breath CO at 3 and 6 month follow-up, hair analysis at 6-month
      follow-up). Secondary outcome measures include HIV risk behaviors, receipt of treatment
      services, motivation to change, self-efficacy, mental health functioning, violence exposure,
      and consequences related to substance use.
    

Intervention name(s): Computer-based Motivational Interviewing; Time control
Intervention type(s): Behavioral; Behavioral
Intervention description(s): The software includes three intervention components - pros and cons, feedback, and optional goal-setting in a fixed order.; A series of therapeutically inactive videos and questions to (a) maintain RA blind, and (b) serve as a time control.
Other intervention name(s): Motivation Enhancement System
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Motivational Interview; Computer based intervention; Substance abuse; post-partum
Heart Rate Variability Under Propofol and Sevoflurane
Condition: General Anesthesia
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Patients were randomized into 2 groups according to the anesthetic, propofol or sevoflurane.
      Induction and maintenance were standardized, and after the end of surgery, two steady-state
      recordings were performed at BIS 25 and BIS 55. Bispectral Index and ECG were continuously
      recorded and cardiac autonomic nervous activity was investigated using spectral analysis of
      RR Interval variability
    


Intervention name(s): Sevoflurane; Propofol; Remifentanil
Intervention type(s): Drug; Drug; Drug
Intervention description(s): General anesthesia using sevoflurane as a hypnotic agent; General anesthesia using propofol as a hypnotic agent; General anesthesia using remifentanil as an analgesic.
Intervention MeSH terms: Remifentanil; Propofol; Sevoflurane
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Basic Science
A Study to Assess the Pharmacologic Equivalence of Two Orlistat Dosage Forms
Condition: Overweight
MeSH terms: Overweight
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 1

Summary: 
      The purpose of this study is to determine whether a new dosage form and dose of orlistat is
      equivalent to the currently marketed form.
    


Intervention name(s): 120 mg orlistat; 60 mg orlistat; orlistat experimental dose
Intervention type(s): Drug; Drug; Drug
Intervention description(s): 2 X60 mg capsule; 60 mg orlistat; experimental
Intervention MeSH terms: Orlistat
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Keywords: orlistat; overweight; bioequivalence
Lead, Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Outcomes
Condition: Lead Poisoning; Infertility
MeSH terms: Infertility; Poisoning; Lead Poisoning
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      This prospective cohort study of 400 lead exposed and 400 non-lead exposed women and their
      husbands assesses endocrine dysfunction and adverse reproductive outcomes. Residing in two
      study areas in Shenyang, China, the women are married, 20 and 34 years of age, never smokers,
      have obtained permission to have a child, and have attempted to become pregnant over the
      course of the study. Lead exposure is defined by lead levels in blood samples collected at
      the baseline survey (both women and their husbands), first and second trimesters, and at
      delivery (both maternal and cord blood). Endocrine dysfunction is monitored by urinary
      hormone metabolites including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH),
      estrone conjugates (E1C), and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG). Reproductive endpoints
      include menstrual disturbance, time to conception, spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery,
      and low birth weight.
    


Observational model: Defined Population
Time perspective: Prospective
Keywords: lead; endocrine dysfunction
Effect of Protein Intake on Preterm Infant Body Composition
Condition: Premature; Infant, Light-for-dates
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The investigators will compare weight gain based on fat accretion and change in body
      composition in preterm infants receiving different amounts of enteral protein.
    

Detailed description: 
      American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines define the growth rate of preterm, underweight
      babies as adequate if it matches the age-equivalent weight gains typical of term infants,
      approximately 10-15 grams per kg per day. Unfortunately, many pre-terms, especially very low
      birth weight ones, do not achieve this rate, resulting in neurodevelopmental deficits and low
      discharge weights. Typical feeding regimens, designed to increase weight gain, however, have
      been shown to increase the rate of fat accretion and increase the risk of obesity and
      metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, later in life. Research
      has shown that higher protein diets can reduce the accretion of body fat in older, normal
      weight infants but this has not been systematically tested in low birth weight pre-terms. The
      current study will compare weight gain based on fat accretion and change in body composition
      in preterm infants receiving higher (4g/100 kcal) versus lower (3 g/100 kcal) protein-energy
      ratio diets. The hypothesis tested in this study is: Increased protein intake will reduce the
      percentage of weight gain due to fat accretion in pre-term infants. The identification of an
      effective feeding regimen that would both allow pre-term infants to acquire age-equivalent
      growth rates similar to those of term infants while avoiding the excess accretion of body fat
      could significantly improve the long term health outcomes of this high-risk population.
    

Intervention name(s): Protein supplementation; Standard fortification
Intervention type(s): Dietary Supplement; Dietary Supplement
Intervention description(s): Standard fortification of human milk may not have enough protein for optimal growth of premature infants. The investigators will add extra protein to this group to increase the protein consumed.; Standard fortification of human milk involves adding a commercially available human milk fortifier to human milk in order to increase several nutrients.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single (Investigator)
Primary purpose: Prevention
Keywords: protein intake; body composition
Duration of Second Stage of Labor Wearing a Dental Occlusion Device
Condition: Pregnancy
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Developing a method to maximize maternal expulsive effort should be of great value in
      reducing the number of cesarean section or instrumental deliveries. Various investigations
      have shown that use of an occlusal support device (OSD) increases the isometric strength of
      different muscle groups. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of an OSD in second
      stage pushing.
    

Detailed description: 
      The increased use of epidural anesthesia during labor has lead to an increased incidence of
      prolonged second stage as an indication for cesarean section or instrumental delivery. The
      use of oxytocin has proven to be an effective method of augmentation of labor in such
      prolonged labor cases. However, despite oxytocin augmentation, there has been an increase in
      the number of cases that require cesarean section or instrumental delivery to effect
      delivery.

      McRobert's maneuver, which is often used in to relieve shoulder dystocia, has recently been
      shown to increase intrauterine pressure approximately two-fold. However; it is an arduous
      position for the pregnant woman to maintain over a long period of time. Developing
      alternative methods to maximize expulsive forces, both uterine contractions and maternal
      expulsive effort, may be of great value in reducing the number of cesarean sections or
      instrumental deliveries.

      Various researchers have investigated the effect of an occlusal support device (OSD) on the
      isometric strength of different muscle groups, e.g., neck, back, and extremities. The natural
      condition of dental occlusion, also known as the index of physical performance, has an affect
      on both muscle strength and body balance. When occlusal support is given to edentulous
      individuals they show improved physical exercise ability after the re-establishment of
      mandibular support. Patients whose dentition is in proper occlusion demonstrate greater
      endurance of isometric muscle strength than those who are in malocclusion. We hypothesize
      that optimization of dental occlusion by an OSD may improve muscle strength, leading to
      increased intrauterine pressure during the second stage in labor.

      The aim of our study is to investigate whether the use of the OSD results in a shortened
      duration of the second stage of labor.
    

Intervention name(s): Extra 3 mouth guard, Shock doctor mouth guard v3.0
Intervention type(s): Device
Intervention description(s): Dental mouthguard, molded for each individual patient when in labor. The device is put in the water then in microwave for one minute to soften the device. The device is then applied to the patient's mouth for over 10 seconds to mold it.
Other intervention name(s): extra 3 mouth guard (www.shieldsports.com); shock doctor mouth guard v3.0 (www.shockdoc.com)
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Supportive Care
Left-colon WEC May Reduce Insertion Time Compared With Whole-colon WEC.
Condition: Polyp; Pain
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      In most of situation, left colon (especially SD junction) is considered the most difficult
      part of colonoscopy, where endoscopist may encounter difficulty for scope insertion and
      patients may feel pain or uncomfortable. It is suggested more than half of the whole time for
      scope insertion should be used in left colon. Many methods, such as water immersion,
      abdominal palpation, have been used to facilitate insertion in left colon.

      Colonoscopy with whole-colon water exchange method has been shown to be useful for reducing
      medication used, pain experienced during colonoscopy, increasing the success rate of cecum
      intubation and adenoma detection rate in sedated and unsedated patients undergoing screening
      colonoscopy. Exchange of water during scope insertion minimizes loop formation and prevents
      lengthening and distension of the colon during colonoscopy. This will facilitate the
      colonoscopy in average or difficult colonoscopy. However, it is not known whether the
      benefits of water exchange method of colonoscopy was mainly due to its effect on the left
      colon.

      We hypothesized that left-colon water exchange colonoscopy (LWE) may have the similar effect
      regarding the maximal pain score and mean pain score in unsedated patients compared with
      whole-colon water exchange colonoscopy (WWE). At the mean time, LWE may reduce the insertion
      time compared with WWE. Here we performed a prospective, randomized controlled study to
      investigate the efficacies of whole-colon water exchange, left-colon water exchange and air
      methods of colonoscopy on pain score and insertion time in unsedated outpatients.
    


Intervention name(s): Air colonoscopy; Water exchange colonoscopy
Intervention type(s): Other; Other
Intervention description(s): Colonoscopy will be performed with conventional air insufflation during colonoscope insertion.; Water exchange method (The air pump was turned off before colonoscopy. During colonoscope insertion, residual air in lumen was suctioned and 37°C water was infused into lumen to obtain lumen visualization) was used in whole or left colon. Air was insufflated until cecum was reached or appendix opening was seen.
Other intervention name(s): Water aided colonoscopy
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Screening
Keywords: Colonoscopy
Beneficial Effects of Korean Traditional Diets in Subjects With Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes
Condition: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
MeSH terms: Hypertension; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      This trial is being conducted to look for following changes when Korean traditional diets is
      taken in subjects with hypertension and type 2 diabetes:

      To evaluate the improvement of the controlling fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin.

      To assess the controlling blood pressure and heart rate.

      To evaluate the influence on cardiovascular risk factor, Triglyceride, cholesterol, High
      Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol.

      To evaluate the influence on Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase.

      To evaluate the influence on Cardiovascular risk factor.

      To evaluate the influence on valsava score, breathing score and upright score.
    

Detailed description: 
      The investigators aimed to investigate the efficacy of Korean traditional diets in
      controlling fasting blood glucose fluctuation, blood pressure, and cardiovascular risk
      factors in hypertensive and type 2 diabetic patients who were taking medications prescribed
      for respective diseases in a 12-week.
    

Intervention name(s): Korean traditional diets; Control group
Intervention type(s): Dietary Supplement; Dietary Supplement
Intervention description(s): The consumption of Korean traditional diets reflecting the characteristics of Korean traditional diets without the limitation of calories has an effect on control of cardiovascular risk factor, so this study instructed all subjects of the intervention group to consume about 2,100kcal of served meals freely.
The Korean Traditional diets, which encourages the intake of cooked rice, vegetables,soup,Kimchi and soy fermented foods.; Told to " eat as usal diets".
Other intervention name(s): The Korean Traditonal diets; Control diets
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Korean Traditional diets; hypertension; diabetes
Study of How Low Blood Sugar Affects the Way Blood Vessels Work
Condition: Hypoglycemia
MeSH terms: Hypoglycemia
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      Hypothesis: Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) decreases function of the lining of the blood
      vessels in normal humans.

      This study is designed to explore how hypoglycemia affects the function of the blood vessel
      lining. This will be determined by measuring blood flow to the arm before and after occlusion
      of flow. Blood vessel function will be measured before induction of hypoglycemia, during
      insulin induced hypoglycemia, and after recovery from hypoglycemia. A second study will be
      done but without hypoglycemia.
    

Detailed description: 
      Purpose: The purpose of the research is to learn more about how low blood sugar (low blood
      glucose or hypoglycemia) affects the way the blood vessels work in healthy people. Subjects
      who participate in this research project must be in good health and taking no medications.

      Methods: A screening visit to the Clinical Research Center of the Ohio State University will
      be used to assess eligibility to participate. The main study consists of two visits to the
      Clinical Research Center that occur two to four weeks apart. Each of these visits will
      involve a procedure known as an insulin clamp. This involves giving insulin and sugar water
      into a vein. The amount of sugar given varies to keep the blood sugar at a predetermined
      level. For one of the two visits the blood sugar will be low and the other it will be normal.
      The function of the blood vessels will be measured three times during each study by measuring
      blood flow before and after stopping blood flow to the arm for 5 min.
    

Observational model: Case-Control
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Healthy adults
      
Keywords: Hypoglycemia; Endothelial function
A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine PF-07321332 and Ritonavir in Adult Healthy Chinese Participants.
Condition: Healthy Participants
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 1

Summary: 
      The purpose of this Phase 1 clinical trial is to help us understand how the drug is changed
      and eliminated from your body after you take it, the safety, and the the extent to which dise
      effects can be tolerated of PF-07321332 when PF-07321332 and ritonavir are given to healthy
      adult Chinese participants.
    


Intervention name(s): PF-07321332/ritonavir
Intervention type(s): Drug
Intervention description(s): PF-07321332/ritonavir will be given by mouth two times a day for 10 days
Intervention MeSH terms: Ritonavir; Nirmatrelvir
Intervention model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Other
Keywords: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
The Effect of Zinc on Iron Bioavailability From Fortified Extruded Rice Fortified With Ferric Pyrophosphate
Condition: Iron Deficiency
MeSH terms: Iron Deficiencies
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Investigation of Iron Bioavailability from extruded rice grains fortified with Ferric
      Pyrophosphate alone or in combination with different Zinc Compounds; Ferrous Sulfate serves
      as a Reference.
    

Detailed description: 
      Ferric Pyrophosphate (FePP) is a water-insoluble, food grade, iron compound widely used to
      fortify rice and other foods as it causes no organoleptic changes to the food vehicles.
      However, it is only of low absorption in man and its absorption can be influenced by a
      variety of compounds. The effect of co-fortification of rice with ZnO respectively ZnSO4 on
      iron bioavailability in extruded rice fortified with FePP has never been investigated.
    

Intervention name(s): Ferric Pyrophosphate and Zinc Oxide; Ferrous sulfate; Ferric Pyrophosphate and Zinc Sulfate; Ferric Pyrophosphate
Intervention type(s): Other; Other; Other; Other
Intervention description(s): Rice fortified with Ferric Pyrophosphate and Zinc Oxide (ZnO); Rice fortified with Ferrous Sulfate (ZnSO4); Rice fortified with Ferric Pyrophosphate and Zinc Sulfate; Rice fortified with Ferric Pyrophosphate
Intervention MeSH terms: Zinc; Iron; Zinc Sulfate; Zinc Oxide
Intervention model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Health Services Research