Postpartum Depression
Condition: Development of Depression Postpartum
MeSH terms: Depression, Postpartum; Depression; Depressive Disorder
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the most common psychiatric complications of pregnancy
      and postpartum. It is often defined as an episode of depressive disorder that occurs in the
      postpartum period. Evidence suggests that PPD has serious consequences on the quality of life
      of all family members, increases the risk for familial conflicts, leaving great negative
      effects on maternal-infant interaction. The aim of our study was to investigate and shed the
      light on the determinants of development of PPD mainly maternal age among women in Jordan. We
      also aimed at examining additional factors on prevalence of PPD and providing more
      information on PPD among Jordanian mothers.
    

Detailed description: 
      This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study and included patients were those
      diagnosed to have PPD within 6 months of delivery at Jordan University hospital (JUH) in the
      period 1st of January 2014 to the 1st of March 2021, Amman, Jordan. Data was collected
      retrospectively from the electronic files, from the departments of obstetrics and gynecology
      and psychiatry JUH in patients, outpatient clinics, inpatients' files delivery room records.
      All data are electronic in the period of the study. Inclusion criteria; patients with
      confirmed diagnosis of PPD with complete clinical data and have no other psychiatric
      diseases. Exclusion criteria; patients with maternal blues, patients with a diagnosis of any
      other psychiatric diseases, cases of unconfirmed depression and those with missing data.

      Main outcome measure was the number of patients who developed PPD within 6 months of
      childbirth in relation to age, parity and mode of delivery. We collected data of patients who
      were confirmed to have a diagnosis of postpartum depression by a consultant psychiatrist in
      the hospital who followed diagnostic criteria of the American psychiatric association11.
      Intellectual disability was not specifically assessed in our patients.

      The variables and information collected for this study included age, parity, mode of
      delivery, body mass index (BMI) that was objectively measured routinely in our obstetric
      population. In addition, medications, chronic diseases, past history of depression,
      psychiatry, breast feeding, and any social or marital problems were also retrieved. Data
      related to antenatal complications like antepartum hemorrhage (APH), diabetes mellitus (DM),
      preeclampsia toxemia (PET), urinary tract infection (UTI)/pyelonephritis necessitated
      hospital admission, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) with no need for blood transfusion, PPH with
      blood transfusion, emergency hysterectomy for bleeding, fetal outcome including nursery
      (good, term), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission: preterm, hypoxemia/acidosis,
      birth trauma, congenital anomalies, fetal loss [Intrauterine Fetal Death (IUFD), stillborn,
      neonatal] were also obtained
    

Intervention name(s): Naser Al-Husban
Intervention type(s): Behavioral
Intervention description(s): depressive symptoms within 6 months of delivery
Observational model: Other
Time perspective: Retrospective
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        patients were those diagnosed to have PPD within 6 months of delivery at Jordan University
        hospital (JUH) in the period 1st of January 2014 to the 1st of March 2021, Amman, Jordan.
        Data was collected retrospectively from the electronic files, from the departments of
        obstetrics and gynecology and psychiatry JUH in patients, outpatient clinics, inpatients'
        files delivery room records
      
Keywords: postpartum, depression