Education and Counseling Program Based on the Health Promotion Model
Condition: Urinary Incontinence
MeSH terms: Urinary Incontinence; Enuresis
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The first phase of the study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors of
      urinary incontinence in non-menopausal women over 18 years of age registered in a Family
      Health Center.

      The second phase of the study was carried out to examine the effects of the education and
      counseling program based on the 'Pender's Health Promotion Model' on women's self-esteem,
      sexual satisfaction and quality of life in women with urinary incontinence.

      Research Questions

      What is the prevalence of UI in non-menopausal women over the age of 18 who are registered
      with the Family Health Center? What are the risk factors for urinary incontinence?

      Research Hypotheses

      H1: There is a difference between the urinary incontinence severity levels of women who
      received and did not receive education and counseling program based on Pender's health
      promotion model.

      H2: There is a difference between the self-esteem levels of women who received and did not
      receive a training and counseling program based on Pender's health promotion model.

      H3: There is a difference between the sexual satisfaction levels of women who received and
      did not receive the training and counseling program based on Pender's health promotion model.

      H4: There is a difference between the quality of life levels of women who received training
      and counseling programs based on Pender's health promotion model and those who did not.

      In the second stage of the study, the 'Training and Counseling Program Based on Pender's
      Health Promotion Model' and 'Home Monitoring and Counseling Program' were applied to the
      intervention group, which was prepared according to Pender's Health Promotion Model.

      During the three-month period, the intervention group received 3 home visits one, two and
      three months after the training program, and 3 phone calls 15 days after the training program
      and each home visit.

      No intervention was made in the control group; Data collection forms were applied
      simultaneously with the intervention group and they were reminded that they were in the
      research by making a phone call.
    

Detailed description: 
      The research was carried out in two stages.

      In the first phase of the study, in a cross-sectional research design, in order to determine
      the prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in women who are over 18 years old
      and who are not menopausal, registered in a Family Health Center; In this study, a
      pretest-posttest randomized controlled experimental research design was conducted to evaluate
      the effect of education and counseling program based on Pender's Health Promotion Model on
      self-esteem, sexual satisfaction and quality of life in women with second-stage urinary
      incontinence.

      In the first phase of the study, 1042 women over the age of 18 who were registered at the
      Family Health Center and who did not go through menopause were included.

      In the first stage, the data; It was collected between 18 January 2021 and 31 May 2021, using
      the 'Questionnaire on Descriptive Characteristics', 'International Incontinence Inquiry Form'
      and 'Incontinence Severity Index'.

      The second stage of the study continued with 46 women who met the sample selection criteria
      for the second stage.

      After the pre-test was completed, 46 women were assigned to the intervention and control
      groups (M:23, F:23) by stratified block randomization and stratified according to urinary
      incontinence severity (mild, moderate).

      In the second stage of the research, the data; Between September 24, 2021 and January 13,
      2022, 'International Incontinence Inquiry Form', 'Incontinence Severity Index', 'Information
      Form Based on Pender's Health Promotion Model', 'Self-Esteem Sub-Scale', 'Golombok-Rust
      Sexual Satisfaction Scale- It was collected using the 'Female Form', 'Incontinence Quality of
      Life Scale', 'Self-Efficacy/Efficacy Scale'.

      In the second stage of the study, the 'Training and Counseling Program Based on Pender's
      Health Promotion Model' and 'Home Monitoring and Counseling Program' were applied to the
      intervention group, which was prepared according to Pender's Health Promotion Model.

      During the three-month period, the intervention group received 3 home visits one, two and
      three months after the training program, and 3 phone calls 15 days after the training program
      and each home visit.

      No intervention was made in the control group; Data collection forms were applied
      simultaneously with the intervention group and they were reminded that they were in the
      research by making a phone call.

      In both stages of the study, the forms and scales were filled by the women themselves, and
      the women were guided during this period.

      Frequency, percentage and descriptive statistics for data evaluation, Shapiro-Wilk Test,
      Independent Samples T-Test, Repeated Measurements Anova Test, Chi-square Test of
      Independence, Fisher Test, Cochran-Q Test, Mann-Whitney U Test, McNemar Test, Friedman Test
      and Marginal Homogeneity Test were used.
    

Intervention name(s): Behaviour and Lifestyle Changes in Urinary Incontinence
Intervention type(s): Behavioral
Intervention description(s): The women included in the second stage were given a pre-test before the training program. Training program included behavioral and lifestyle changes in coping with urinary incontinence
After the training program, the women applied behavior and lifestyle changes for 3 months.
3 home visits, 3 phone calls and 3 follow-ups were made.
Other intervention name(s): Education and counseling program based on the 'Pender's Health Promotion Model'; Behavior and lifestyle changes training and counseling program in coping with urinary incontinence
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Prevention
Keywords: Urinary Incontinence; Behavior and Lifestyle Changes; Pender's Health Promotion Model; Self-Esteem; Sexual Satisfaction; Quality of Life