What Makes Exercise Feel More Difficult to Women With and Without Type 2 Diabetes
Condition: Type 2 Diabetes
MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      Given that sedentary behavior is associated with T2DM, the purpose of this study is to
      evaluate whether subjects with T2DM have a significant disincentive to performing exercise
      (due to greater perceived effort) . This study will prospectively compare the perceived
      exercise effort between T2DM and non-diabetic women while adjusting for potential confounders
      including baseline physical activity. This study will also assess whether perception of
      effort is associated with physiologic parameters related to exercise effort. Finally, we have
      3 hypothesis-generating exploratory aims designed to screen for additional psychological and
      physiologic parameters that may increase perceived effort in those with T2DM.

      Hypothesis 1: At the same absolute workload (e.g., 30 watts) and the same relative workloads,
      it is a greater effort for women with T2DM to exercise than for non-diabetic women.

      Specific Aim 1: To determine differences in subjective perceived effort of bicycle exercise
      at low-to-moderate workloads in sedentary women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) vs.
      non-diabetic sedentary women.

      Hypothesis 2: There will be a significant association between RPE and the physiologic
      measures related to work intensity (e.g., relative work intensity and tau2).

      Specific Aim 2: In the same populations as SA1, to determine the strength of association
      during bicycle exercise between subjective perceived effort and physiologic measures related
      to work intensity.

      Exploratory Aims:

      Exploratory Aim 1: In the T2DM group described in SA1, to determine the strength of
      association during bicycle exercise between subjective effort and additional physiologic
      measures

      Exploratory Aim 2: In the T2DM group described in SA1, to determine the strength of
      association during bicycle exercise between subjective effort and psychologic measures
      related to perception of effort.
    


Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Twenty-five sedentary post-menopausal women with uncomplicated T2DM (of duration ≤ 10
        years) between the ages of 50-70 and twenty-five sedentary non-diabetic post-menopausal
        women between the ages of 50-70 will be recruited.
      
Biospecimen description: 
      During the first visit, blood will be drawn for measurements of overall health (complete
      blood count and comprehensive metabolic panel), glucose and insulin levels, lipid levels,
      plasma FSH concentration, and HbA1C.

      On two separate visits, blood samples will be drawn from a warmed IV site to measure muscle
      metabolites which change with exercise (e.g., glucose, calcium, lactate, H+, K+, and HCO3-)
      and may be associated with muscle pain or fatigue.
    
Keywords: Diabetes; Exercise; Women; Research; Bike; Type; Control; Healthy