Investigation of the Effect of White Noise Listening on Pain and Comfort During Invasive Interventions in Newborns
Condition: Pain, Acute; Child Behavior; Newborn
MeSH terms: Acute Pain
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Comfort, distress and the absence of pain can be described as free from anxiety, somewhat
      enjoyable and ease (peaceful) situation. The child health and disease nurse should come up
      with physiological problems of the baby, increase the comfort degree to reduce the stress
      level of the baby and ensure improvement in the baby's location. This research was
      experimentally designed to investigate the effect of the baby's own intrauterine heart sound
      on pain and comfort during the invasive procedures applied to the healthy born babies in the
      delivery units of the Batman Gynecology and Pediatrics Hospital.

      The research will be performed by selecting samples in a simple random sampling method from
      the babies who born healthy and timely in the normal vaginal way. The number of samples will
      be determined by power analysis method after pilot study. The previously white noise will
      have listened to the babies in experimental group and will be recorded by camera during
      invasive interventions and the pain and comfort scale will be applied. The scales will be
      applied to the control group let them without listening White noise but also will be recorded
      with camera and thus the data will be collected. A nurse working in the unit will perform
      invasive interventions, later two specialists will watch video records and so the pain and
      comfort scales will be filled.

      No study on this subject was found in the international literature review. Based on the need
      to fill this gap in the literature, it seems that the study will contribute to the field of
      child health and diseases nursing.
    

Detailed description: 
      Comfort can be defined as the absence of distress and pain, free from anxiety, somewhat
      pleasurable and relaxed (peaceful) situation. Providing comfort and calmness of the child,
      relieving pain and distress are applications in the physical field of comfort theory. Nursing
      interventions applied in newborns are an integral component of professional nursing care to
      increase patient comfort level. The child health and diseases nurse should provide solutions
      to the baby's physiological problems, increase the comfort level to reduce the baby's stress
      level, and improve the baby's environment.

      Many invasive attempts are applied to the newborn baby after birth without being discharged
      from the hospital. These applications, which cause tissue destruction, are painful for
      babies. This study was designed as experimentally in order to examine the effect of listening
      white noise on pain and comfort during the invasive procedure applied to healthy babies in
      the delivery room of Batman Training and Research Hospital. The hypotheses for this research
      were determined as follows:

      H10: Listening to white noise in newborn babies during an invasive intervention does not
      affect the baby's pain.

      H11: Listening to white noise in newborn babies during an invasive intervention reduces the
      baby's pain.

      H20: Listening to white noise in newborn babies during an invasive intervention does not
      affect the comfort of the baby.

      H21: Listening to white noise in newborn babies during an invasive intervention increases the
      comfort of newborn babies.

      In the literature review, studies were found in which attempts were made to alleviate the
      interventional pain of the newborn using one or more of the sensory stimuli such as visual,
      auditory, tactile, taste and smell. In the treatment of pain in the newborn; various
      alternative and complementary treatments are used such as positioning, swaddling, rocking,
      holding, kangaroo care applied by mother/father, massage, acupressure, reiki application,
      pacifier, sweet solutions (sucrose, glucose), breastfeeding, listening to the mother's voice,
      singing, lullaby, aromatherapy and, smelling familiar scents. In the literature review, the
      application of white noise listening to the baby during an invasive procedure or otherwise is
      limited.

      In this thesis, it is aimed to increase the quality of care provided, to listen to white
      noise during the invasive interventions applied to the baby, to observe the effect on the
      baby's pain and comfort, to reduce the pain and to increase the comfort of the baby, and to
      be a source for similar studies.

      RESOURCE SUMMARY The International Organization for Pain Studies (ISAP) has defined the most
      valid concept of pain today, which is a universal experience and has been tried to be
      explained by human beings for centuries. According to this organization, pain, is always
      subjective as it is an unpleasant nature that accompanies or can be defined by existing or
      potential tissue damage. Although the most reliable indicator in pain assessment is the
      patient's own expression, different pain diagnosis methods are used when evaluating pediatric
      patients who have difficulty in expressing their pain. Providing comfort and calmness of the
      child, relieving pain and distress are applications in the physical field of comfort theory.
      Providing this aspect of comfort is possible with pain assessment and interventions for it.

      Comfort, which is a word of French origin and is defined as the comfort that makes daily life
      easier in the dictionary meaning, in nursing; it consists of the process of diagnosing the
      comfort needs of the patient, family or society, taking precautions for their needs,
      evaluating the basic comfort level and the comfort level after the application. According to
      Kolcaba, comfort is "an expected result with a complex structure in physical,
      psycho-spiritual, social and environmental integrity related to helping the individual's
      needs, providing peace and overcoming problems". Kolcaba, as a result of her analytical
      studies on the use of the concept of comfort in the nursing discipline; stated that it is a
      positive, holistic, multidimensional, theoretically definable and practical concept. The
      concept of comfort according to the holistic view; it is the satisfaction of basic human
      needs in order to find relief, find peace and overcome problems.

      After nurses started to give care systematically, they started to use various concepts;
      concepts such as comfort (relaxation), care, and communication formed the basis of theory
      development studies. Comfort, which is a concept traditionally associated with the art of
      nursing, is an individual and holistic concept. It has been reported in the literature that
      the nurses provide strength, care, support, encouragement and assistance through comfort and
      comfort measures.

      The concept of comfort has been used frequently in neonatal intensive care units and newborn
      babies in recent years. In studies, it is stated that one of the most important factors
      affecting the recovery rate is comfort. Kolcaba et al. emphasized that comfort has the effect
      of increasing the benefit and cost ratios, and the level of patient satisfaction. Increasing
      the patient comfort level by applying nursing interventions in newborns is an integral
      component of professional nursing care. The child health and diseases nurse should provide
      solutions to the baby's physiological problems, increase the comfort level to reduce the
      baby's stress level, and improve the baby's environment.

      In the literature review, studies were found in which attempts were made to alleviate the
      interventional pain of the newborn using one or more of the sensory stimuli such as visual,
      auditory, tactile, taste and smell. In the treatment of pain in the newborn various
      alternative and complementary treatments are used, such as; positioning, swaddling, rocking,
      holding, kangaroo care made by mother/father, massage, acupressure, reiki application,
      pacifier, sweet solutions (sucrose, glucose), breastfeeding, listening to the mother's voice,
      singing, lullaby, aromatherapy and smelling familiar smells.

      Aslan recommends the use of non-pharmacological methods to minimize the pain that occurs
      during heel blood collection.
    

Intervention name(s): invasive interventions
Intervention type(s): Behavioral
Intervention description(s): listening the white noise during the invasive interventions
Other intervention name(s): white noise
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Supportive Care
Keywords: Child Health and Nursing; Pain; Newborn; Comfort