the Effect of Viewing Idealized Smile Images Versus Nature Images Via Social Media on Immediate Facial Satisfaction in Young Adults: a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Condition: Facial Satisfaction
MeSH terms: Facies
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 1

Summary: 
      The study was conducted to investigate the effect of social networking site on facial and
      smile dissatisfaction, face related discrepancy, and whether these effects differ from the
      use of appearance-neutral Instagram images.
    

Detailed description: 
      The study was conducted to investigate the effect of social networking site on facial and
      smile dissatisfaction, face related discrepancy, and whether these effects differ from the
      use of appearance-neutral Instagram images.

      A simple random sampling technique was used for the recruitment of participants in this
      technique. Participants were both male and female undergraduate and graduate students. The
      participants were told that it is a study on social media. Participants were 18-35 years as
      90% of Instagram users are aged between 18-35 years. Two sets of images were compiled for
      this study. One set had Instagram user images of attractive smiles. The other set had
      appearance-neutral Instagram images of nature. All the images were chosen from public
      Instagram images.

      The first author shortlisted 100 pictures with a hashtag #smile from Instagram. The
      photographs were of people with full attractive smile and well aligned teeth. These pictures
      were chosen from public profiles on Instagram. The photographs had an equal proportion of
      celebrity and non-celebrity faces and the age group was also similar to the people
      participating in the study (18-35 years).

      The neutral images for the control group were chosen with a hashtag nature on Instagram.
      These images only had nature and no people in them.

      The stimulus material were chosen from Instagram. The images were tested by using a 5 point
      Likert scale by a team with 3 members, an orthodontist, a prosthodontist and a restorative
      dentist. The images were judged by the attractiveness of smile and teeth (1=very attractive,
      5=very unattractive), image quality (1=very good quality, 5=not good quality), general appeal
      (1=very appealing, 5=not at all appealing) and enjoyment (1=very enjoyable, 2=not at all
      enjoyable). Out of 100 images, total 60 will be selected.

      After obtaining a written informed consent participants were divided into two groups, the
      experimental group and the control group. The experimental group will view 60 images of
      attractive smiles on their phone and the control group will view 60 appearance- neutral
      Instagram images of nature.

      A questionnaire was designed to investigate the effect of social networking site on facial
      and smile dissatisfaction, face related discrepancy and whether these effects differ from the
      use of appearance-neutral Instagram images. The questionnaire also assessed the use of social
      media and its effect on people.

      The questionnaire consisted of general information including name, age and gender. The
      participants were also asked about their history of orthodontic / aesthetic / psychological
      treatments.

      Facial dissatisfaction was measured using orofacial aesthetic scale and smile aesthetic
      satisfaction scale. Participants were asked about how they feel about their smile at that
      point of time. Answer was assessed using visual analogue scale. Further the participants were
      asked about their level of satisfaction with their smile using 3 point Likert scale.

      The state appearance comparison scale was used to see what the participants thought about
      their own appearance, their comparison to photographs, and the comparison of their smile,
      teeth and face to the photographs. This was assessed using a 7 point Likert scale.

      The state variant of self-discrepancy index was used to measure appearance discrepancy.
      Participants were asked about 5 things they would like to change in their appearance based on
      their facial and dental aesthetics.

      the participants were also asked about their number of followers on Instagram, the number of
      personal friends they follow on Instagram, the number of celebrities they follow on
      Instagram.
    

Intervention name(s): facial dissatisfaction
Intervention type(s): Behavioral
Intervention description(s): Facial dissatisfaction was measured using orofacial aesthetic scale. Participants were asked about how they feel about their smile at that point of time.
The state appearance comparison scale was used to see what the participants thought about their own appearance, their comparison to photographs, and the comparison of their smile, teeth and face to the photographs.
Other intervention name(s): state appearance comaprison
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention model description: After obtaining a written informed consent participants were divided into two groups, the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group had 60 Instagram user images of attractive smiles and the control group had 60 appearance- neutral Instagram images of nature.
The neutral images for the control group were chosen with a hashtag nature on Instagram. These images only had nature and no people in them.
A questionnaire was designed to investigate the effect of social networking site on facial and smile dissatisfaction, face related discrepancy and whether these effects differ from the use of appearance-neutral Instagram images. The questionnaire also assessed the use of social media and its effect on people.
Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Diagnostic
Keywords: facial satisfaction, ideal smile, nature, social media