Examination of Pain in Individuals With Non-Specific Lack Pain
Condition: Back Pain; Balance; Proprioception
MeSH terms: Back Pain
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between pain, and balance,
      proprioception sensation in the knee, erector spinae and multifidus muscle strength in
      individuals with non-specific low back pain.
    

Detailed description: 
      Impaired postural control in people with non-specific low back pain; It can be affected by
      many factors such as pain, musculoskeletal disorders, proprioception. Postural control is
      important for the continuation of activities of daily living. Postural control is decreased
      in patients with non-specific low back pain. According to the proprioception examinations,
      patients with low back pain are more impaired than healthy individuals. Impaired
      proprioception can also reduce the ability to maintain posture, balance control and increase
      the load on the spine. Thus, individuals with low back pain may become more vulnerable to
      injuries. Weakness of the abdominal muscles and superficial trunk muscles are also risk
      factors for low back pain.

      Weakness and fatigue may occur as a result of structural changes, which are more common in
      the paraspinal muscles and the multifidus muscle. This can lead to deterioration of lumbar
      stability. Because these muscles have an important place in providing stability.

      Proprioceptive information from the hip, knee and ankle and coordination of the joints are
      important in maintaining and controlling balance. Regional receptors in muscles, joints, skin
      and tendons and proprioception in the knee joint provide the necessary joint activity and
      stabilization. With the decrease in balance and proprioception, pain may occur, and we may
      encounter a decrease in muscle strength as a result of leading a sedentary life. In this
      case, since the proper posture, muscle activity and balance required for coordinated movement
      are negatively affected, the movement is impaired. Because these activities must be performed
      in the correct order for the movement to occur.

      In the literature, there are studies on the relationship of low back pain with muscle
      strength, balance and proprioception; however, the lack of sufficient studies investigating
      the relationship between balance and proprioception in the knee in individuals with
      non-specific low back pain suggests that the study to be conducted will make an important
      contribution to the literature and reveals the importance of our study.
    

Intervention name(s): Visual Analogue Scale (VAS),; Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire; Functional Low Back Pain Scale; Prokin TecnoBody isokinetic balance 2 device; EMG; Algometer; Goniometer
Intervention type(s): Other; Other; Other; Device; Device; Device; Device
Intervention description(s): The pain levels of the individuals participating in the study will be evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale. According to VAS, in the severity of pain; '0' means no pain, '10' means worst pain imaginable. During the study, the participants will be asked to rate their pain experienced in daily life and pain during evaluation between 0-10 points. Individuals with pain intensity of 3 and above according to VAS will be included in the study.; The Oswestry scale will be used to determine the level of functional disability due to low back pain. In this questionnaire, 10 questions are asked about pain intensity, social life, weight lifting, walking, personal care, sitting, sleeping, sexual life, standing and travel. Each question has 6 options and the patient is asked to choose the statement that best describes his or her condition.; The Functional Low Back Pain Scale will be used to evaluate how much the low back pain experienced by the people who will be included in the study affects their daily living activities. Evaluated functions; work and school activities, home activities, wearing shoes or socks, leaning forward, lifting an object from the ground, habits, sleeping, walking, sitting, climbing stairs, standing and driving. The questionnaire consists of 12 questions, and each item scores in the range of 0-5 points.; For the one-leg balance test, the subject is positioned on one leg at the origin of the platform. The participant is asked to look at any stationary point or object in front of him. Participants are allowed to experiment on the platform of the meter for approximately 2-3 minutes. The stem sensor apparatus is then attached to coincide with the xiphoid projection. After the torso sensor is attached, the patient is placed in the dominant side position on one foot and the static balance test measurement is started. 30 seconds from the patient in this position. asked to stop.; In our study, electromyography (EMG) device will be used to evaluate muscle strength. Electromyography is a method by which electrical activity analysis of muscles can be performed. In the study, the erector spina and multifidus muscles will be measured. Measurements are made with electrodes placed on the skin surface.; The pressure perception and pain threshold of pain sensitivity are determined and recorded with an algometer. The details of the application will be explained to the participant and it will be emphasized that the feeling of pressure he feels causes pain and that he should give a 'stop' command. The pressure force is increased until the patient receives the 'stop' command in the area to be applied. It is stopped by the command from the patient and the response on the algometer screen is recorded. These measurements are repeated 3 times. The average of these three recorded measurements is determined.; Using the universal goniometer's measure of knee joint range of motion, sense of proprioception will be evaluated. For measurement, subjects are asked to lie on a stretcher in the prone position. The pivot point of the goniometer is placed in the center of the lateral knee joint condyle. The fixed arm of the goniometer is fixed in parallel at the level of the thoracantary major, and the movable arm is positioned at the level of the head of the fibula and the lateral malleolus. First of all, starting from the 0° extension position to the knee joint, the angle desired by the physiotherapist is made and the value in the goniometer is recorded. Then, the patient is asked to bring the knee joint, which is still in 0° extension, to the angle brought by the physiotherapist. Then the angle brought by the patient to the knee joint is recorded.
Observational model: Case-Only
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Patients with non-specific low back pain.
      
Keywords: Low back pain; Balance; Proprioception