Effect of Exercises on Diaphragmatic Excursion in Postmenopausal Kyphotic Women
Condition: Kyphosis Postural Thoracic
MeSH terms: Kyphosis
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      the present study examined the effect of different types of exercises for improving the
      age-related hyperkyphotic curve of postmenopausal women and also examined how it affects
      diaphragmatic excursion and respiratory function. Increasing the respiratory functions for
      elderly will act as a preventive method against nowadays chest diseases.
    

Detailed description: 
      The study was conducted to examine the effect of exercises on diaphragmatic excursion in
      postmenopausal kyphotic women.

      Design of study:

      A prospective, randomized, single-blind, pre-post-test, controlled trial. The study followed
      the Guidelines of Declaration of Helsinki on the conduct of human research. Ethical approval
      was obtained from the institutional review board at Faculty of physical therapy, Cairo
      University before study commencement (no.P.T,REC/012/003800).

      This study was carried on forty postmenopausal women clinically diagnosed with thoracic
      kyphosis. They selected randomly from the outpatient clinic of El Kaser El-Einy University
      Hospital, Cairo University. Their ages ranged from 50-60 years.

      Randomization of sample selection was achieved using closed envelop way. Classification of
      the sample by simple random way into two groups equal in number, twenty for each group by
      using forty closed envelop, each twenty envelop contained a name of a group from the two
      groups (Group A) or (Group B) and asking each woman to choose one envelop from them, each
      woman attended to the group according the name of the group written in her envelop.
    

Intervention name(s): corrective exercises; resisted diaphragmatic breathing exercises
Intervention type(s): Other; Other
Intervention description(s): corrective exercises:
Strengthening exercises :
Thoracic extension exercises:
Mckanzie's thoracic extension exercise:
Thoracic spine stretching position
Back extension exercise
Abdominal curl up exercise
Scapular retraction exercises
Trunk rotation exercise
Stretching exercises:
Pectoral muscles stretch from sitting
self-stretch for pectoral muscle infront of door; Diaphragmatic breathing exercise: From the supine position, overlapping hands on the diaphragm located in the abdominal region: each woman took deep inspiring by the nose and exhaling through the mouth with lips half-closed slowly.
Resisted diaphragmatic breathing exercise: From the supine position, with a weight of 1 kg on the diaphragm located in the abdominal region: each woman took deep inspiring by the nose and exhaling through the mouth with lips half-closed slowly
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention model description: intervention:
Group A:
This group was consisted of 20 postmenopausal women suffering from thoracic kyphosis. They received corrective exercises for twice a week for 12 weeks.
corrective exercises: The patient did a daily session of 20-30 min (under the supervision of the therapist or alone at home). It consisted of warm up phase for 5 minutes (breathing exercises), active phase (corrective exercises) and cooling down phase finally for return to the initial state.
strengthening exercises and stretching exercise
Group B:
The study group consisted of 20 postmenopausal women suffering from thoracic kyphosis, who received corrective exercises prescribed above in addition to resisted diaphragmatic breathing exercise.
Masking: Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: postmenopausal kyphosis; flexicurve ruler; diaphragmatic excursion; corrective exercises; resisted diaphragmatic breathing