Prenatal Lactation-Focused Motivational Interviewing
Condition: Breast Feeding; Lactation Puerperal Increased; Infant Behavior; Maternal Behavior
MeSH terms: Galactorrhea
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Breastfeeding is good for the health of both mother and baby, but many women do not
      breastfeed, or do not breastfeed for as long as the participant would like. The purpose of
      this study is to compare two types of interventions on how each impacts breastfeeding. The
      interventions will be given during the third trimester of pregnancy, and the intervention is
      individual (i.e., one therapist and one participant). The first intervention is Motivational
      Interviewing, a type of counseling. The second intervention, or "control group," is education
      on how babies grow and develop. There general aims of this study are to compare women in the
      Motivational Interviewing group and control group on how the participants plan to feed the
      babies, how much the participants learn about and the participants opinions about
      breastfeeding, and how much the participants learn about how babies grow and develop. In
      addition, the groups will be compared as to whether the participants start breastfeeding, and
      how the participants are feeding the baby when the baby is one month old.
    

Detailed description: 
      1. Recruitment efforts will be made in the community via advertisements, online
           advertisements (e.g., Craigslist, Facebook), and in-person at various clinics and health
           fairs in the geographic area.

        2. Prospective participants will contact the investigators via email or by calling the
           study phone number listed on the advertisements or verbally expressing interest
           in-person.

        3. Once a participant indicates interest by contacting study personnel, a 5-minute
           screening interview will be conducted with the prospective participant using the
           screening questionnaire to ensure eligibility criteria are met. For those who do not
           qualify or agree to participate, the age and reason for non-qualification or declination
           to participate will be recorded; any other data will be destroyed by shredding or
           electronic shredding. For those who do qualify, name and contact information will be
           kept confidential and maintained in a locked room.

        4. Participants will be asked to rate on a scale of -10 to +10 about the certainty that the
           participants will provide exclusive breastmilk to the babies for first six months.
           Responses from this item will be used as the covariate in the covariate adaptive
           randomization technique.

        5. Eligible subjects will be invited to participate in the study, either in an exam room at
           West Virginia University's Family Medicine's clinic, participant's home, private room in
           the Quin Curtis Center for Psychological Services, or in another agreed-upon community
           location (e.g., church). The location of the study procedures is chosen by the
           participant.

        6. At the start of this session, participants will be given an overview of the study, and
           the researcher will go over the consent form with the participant.

        7. Following consent procedures, video-recording will begin, and all participants will
           complete the prenatal interview. After this interview, participants will complete five
           self-report measures, which include the Infant Feeding Knowledge Form, the Iowa Infant
           Feeding Attitudes Scale, Brief Breastfeeding Attitudes Questions, Perinatal Anxiety
           Screening Scale, and the Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory.

        8. Intervention

             1. Participants assigned to the MI condition will receive an approximately 45 minute
                intervention provided a masters-level supervised psychologist with training in
                Motivational Interviewing.

             2. Participants who have been randomly assigned to participate in the
                attention-control group session will receive approximately 45 minutes of
                psychoeducation on typical developmental stages and infant feeding methods.
    

Intervention name(s): Motivational Interviewing; Psychoeducation Control
Intervention type(s): Behavioral; Behavioral
Intervention description(s): Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a psychosocial intervention designed to help individuals increase readiness for behavior change by increasing intrinsic motivation and resolving ambivalence. MI founders MI conversations help clients change behavior through identifying and resolving discrepancies between goal behaviors and actual behaviors. Behavior change is promoted through the elicitation of "change talk," or client-verbalized arguments for change. In MI, change talk is elicited through two major components: the therapeutic relationship, or the embodiment of the "spirit" of MI, and technical skill.; Psychoeducation on infant development, age 0-15 months, brief education on breastfeeding.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: breast feeding; motivational interviewing