Interaction Between Immune Cells and Bacteria Associated With Periodontitis
Condition: Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Aggressive Periodontitis; Immunologic Disease; Microbial Disease; Periodontal Pocket; Inflammation; Inflammation Gum; Dysbiosis; Rheumatoid Arthritis; Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis; Generalized Chronic Periodontitis; Chronic Periodontitis
MeSH terms: Gingivitis; Periodontitis; Periodontal Diseases; Chronic Periodontitis; Aggressive Periodontitis; Periodontal Pocket; Immune System Diseases; Inflammation; Dysbiosis; Aggression
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      This study evaluates the interaction between host immune cells and bacteria associated with
      periodontitis. It comprises biological material from donors with and without periodontal
      disease. Specifically, we collect a spit and blood sample to conduct in vitro stimulations
      and measurements of selected parameters related to periodontitis to clarify obscure areas in
      the immunologic pathogenesis of this disease.
    

Detailed description: 
      Periodontitis is a prevalent, multifactorial inflammatory disease characterized by the
      interaction between microorganisms organized in biofilms on tooth surfaces and host immune
      cells, leading to an inflammatory destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues and - if left
      untreated - eventually tooth loss. Periodontitis affects up to 50% of the population in the
      United States of America, and is classified in an aggressive and a chronic form depending on
      genetic factors, age of onset, speed and severity of attachment loss.

      The onset of periodontitis is caused by an immunologic imbalance between host immune cells
      and residing microorganisms in subgingival pockets. The host immune cells are capable of
      enhancing both a protective and a destructive inflammatory response towards the
      microorganisms through the release of inflammatory mediators e.i. proinflammatory and
      antiinflammatory cytokines.

      The role of antibodies in periodontitis is also unclear. Some studies show an excessive
      antibody level against bacteria associated with periodontitis e.g. Porphyromonas gingivalis
      (P.g.).

      In general, this study contributes to a profound understanding of the host immune cells role
      in the onset and pathogenesis of periodontitis by comparing healthy versus diseased donors
      immunologic responses toward pathogene and apathogene microorganisms and their genetic
      background.
    

Intervention name(s): In vitro stimulation of blood with periodontitis-associated- and control bacteria; Anti-CCP- and anti-P.g.-antibodies titers; Analysis of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); periodontitis-associated bacteria presence
Intervention type(s): Other; Diagnostic Test; Genetic; Diagnostic Test
Intervention description(s): Peripheral mononuclear blood cells are stimulated with periodontitis-associated- and control bacteria to measure the amount of positive cytokine-producing cells.; Anitbody titers will be measured in saliva and serum samples.; DNA obtained from saliva samples will be used to determine the genotype of the participants for selected SNPs.; Determination of the presence of periodontitis-associated bacteria e.i. Porphyromonas gingivalis in saliva and blood samples.
Intervention MeSH terms: Antibodies
Observational model: Case-Control
Time perspective: Cross-Sectional
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        This study includes 170 participants, which are legally competent e.i. above 18 years of
        age and general decision competent. The participants are divided into three groups: 1)
        Participants with chronic periodontitis (n=35), 2) participants with aggressive
        periodontitis (n=35) and 3) healthy participants without periodontal disease (n=100). The
        participants are recruited from the Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical
        Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark and assigned to a group in
        accordance with the periodontal disease classification system in 1999 American Academy of
        Periodontology.
      
Biospecimen description: 
      Saliva, whole blood, peripheral mononuclear blood cells, serum, plasma.
    
Keywords: Periodontal disease; Periodontitis; Aggressive periodontitis; Dysbiosis; Inflammation; Regulation; Cytokines; Bacteria; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Saliva; Anti-CCP; Peptidyl arginine deiminases; Single nucleotide polymorphisms