Acute Dose-ranging Effects of Mango Leaf Extract (Zynamite® 15%) on Cognitive Function and Cerebral Blood Flow
Condition: Cognitive Change
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Zynamite® is a novel mango (Mangifera indica) leaf extract standardized to contain polyphenol
      mangiferin.It has previously been shown to enhance brain oxygenation, physical performance
      and ergogenic parameters following ischemia-reperfusion in healthy humans when consumed
      alongside other polyphenols. Preliminary data has also indicated that a single 300mg dose of
      Zynamite® (60%) can improve performance across a range of cognitive tasks.This study aims to
      evaluate the effects, in healthy adults, of 3 doses of Zynamite® 15% on performance across a
      number of cognitive domains, as well as during a period of cognitively demanding task
      performance. A second sub-study will assess cerebral blood flow during cognitively demanding
      task performance.
    

Detailed description: 
      Extracts made from the leaves of the mango food plant (Mangifera indica L., Anacardiaceae)
      have a long history of medicinal usage, most likely due to particularly high levels of the
      polyphenol mangiferin. Zynamite®, is a novel mango (Mangifera indica) leaf extract
      standardized to contain polyphenol mangiferin which has previously been shown to enhance
      brain oxygenation and physical performance and ergogenic parameters following
      ischemia-reperfusion in healthy humans when consumed alongside other polyphenols.A recent
      study in rats demonstrated a similar effect of Zynamite® on electrophysiological (EEG)
      spectral power as that seen following caffeine, with a synergistic effect of co-consumption
      of Zynamite® and caffeine. A concomitant ex vivo study demonstrated increased long-term
      potentiation (LTP) in rat hippocampal slices, suggesting the potential for Zynamite® to
      enhance memory. Previous research has also demonstrated that both single doses and chronic
      administration of polyphenols can beneficially modulate cognitive function, including during
      cognitively demanding task performance. Previous research has also shown that polyphenols and
      polyphenol rich treatments can modulate cerebral blood-flow. These findings raise the
      possibility that Zynamite® may have beneficial effects on psychological and hemodynamic
      parameters, potentially with some similarities to the effects exerted by caffeine.

      A recent study expanded on the above assessing the effects of a single dose of Zynamite® (60%
      of polyphenol mangiferin) on performance across a number of cognitive domains (attention,
      working memory, episodic memory, executive function), as well as during a period of
      cognitively demanding task performance, and during laboratory-induced stress. The results
      showed that a single dose of 300 mg Zynamite® significantly improved performance accuracy
      across the tasks in the battery, with domain-specific effects seen in terms of enhanced
      performance on an 'Accuracy of Attention' factor and an 'Episodic Memory' factor as well as
      improved performance across all three tasks (Rapid Visual Information Processing, Serial 3s
      and Serial 7s subtraction tasks) of the Cognitive Demand Battery sub-section of the
      assessment, which assesses cognitive function and subjective mental fatigue during sustained
      performance of mentally demanding tasks. All of these cognitive benefits were seen across the
      post-dose assessments (30 min, 3 h, 5 h). These results provide the first demonstration of
      cognition enhancement following consumption of mango leaf extract adding to previous research
      showing that polyphenols and polyphenol rich extracts can improve brain function.

      The proposed studies will expand on the existing body of research by assessing the effects of
      three doses of Zynamite® (this time a lower concentration version containing 15% polyphenol
      mangiferin) on cognitive performance and cerebral blood flow.
    

Intervention name(s): Zynamite® 15% 150mg; Zynamite® 15% 300mg; Zynamite® 15% 600mg; Placebo
Intervention type(s): Dietary Supplement; Dietary Supplement; Dietary Supplement; Dietary Supplement
Intervention description(s): leaves of the mango food plant; leaves of the mango food plant; leaves of the mango food plant; Sunflower oil matched for appearance
Other intervention name(s): Mangifera indica; Mangifera indica; Mangifera indica
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Crossover Assignment
Intervention model description: Balanced crossover
Masking: Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Other
Keywords: NIRS; Cognitive Performance; Cerebral Blood Flow; Mango Leaf Extract; Zynamite®; Mangifera indica