Baby's First Bites: Promoting Vegetable Intake in Infants and Toddlers
Condition: Vegetable Acceptance in Early Childhood; Childhood Obesity; Childhood Overweight
MeSH terms: Overweight; Pediatric Obesity
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Overweight and obesity in preschool children is more and more common and predicts overweight
      in later childhood and adulthood. A healthy eating pattern with many vegetables decreases the
      risk to develop overweight. As many food preferences are learned in the first years of life,
      teaching children to like vegetables from the very start of eating solid foods is essential.
      Starting baby's first bites of solid foods with vegetables instead of more sweet tastes like
      fruits may promote vegetable liking. Also, it is important that parents know how to feed
      their children: e.g., paying attention to whether the child is hungry or full is essential,
      as is not pressuring them to eat. What is yet unknown is which of these two are more
      important to promote, to facilitate vegetable liking in young children. Is starting with
      vegetables most important, or educating parents on their feeding-techniques? And is a
      combination of both most effective? This study tests which of three interventions is most
      effective to promote vegetable intake and liking in children up until the age of 3 years: a)
      a focus on the 'what' (starting with vegetables); b) a focus on the 'how' (listen to your
      child's cues while feeding); c) a focus on both the 'what' and the 'how'. These three groups
      will be compared to a control group receiving no advice on how to introduce solid foods on
      children's vegetable intake and liking.
    

Detailed description: 
      The weaning period in infancy is an important time for introducing healthy eating patterns
      that include vegetables to protect children against the development of overweight. There is
      evidence that it is important what weaning infants are offered: starting exclusively with
      vegetables is more successful for the promotion of vegetable acceptance than starting with
      fruits. There is also evidence that it is important how infants are weaned: responsive
      feeding characterised by sensitive responses to infant cues during feeding fosters healthy
      eating. However, the what and the how of infant weaning have never been experimentally tested
      in the same study to determine their relative importance for fostering vegetable acceptance,
      nor have they been combined to test whether a focus on both may be superior to each approach
      separately. This study employs a randomised controlled design testing the effectiveness of
      (a) a focus on the what in weaning, i.e., a vegetable-exposure intervention; (b) a focus on
      the how in weaning, i.e., an intervention to enhance responsive feeding; (c) a combined focus
      on what and how in weaning in an integrated intervention; (d) an attention-control group.
      Vegetable acceptance will be measured before and directly after the interventions when the
      child is 18 months of age, and when the child is 24 and 36 months of age. The proposed study
      is based on a unique integration of expert knowledge from the field of nutrition and the
      field of parenting, which will provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the
      development of vegetable acceptance in infants, and ultimately the prevention of overweight.
    

Intervention name(s): Vegetable exposure; VIPP-Feeding Infants; Control
Intervention type(s): Other; Behavioral; Other
Intervention description(s): Repeated exposure to variety of vegetables; Promoting responsive feeding practices; Phone calls with mother about development of child, no advice on complementary feeding
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: Single (Investigator)
Primary purpose: Prevention