Effects of Farinelli's Breathing Exercise in COPD Patients
Condition: COPD Patients
MeSH terms: Respiratory Aspiration
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      This study was to investigate the effect of Farinelli's breathing exercise on pulmonary
      function, respiratory muscle strength, aerobic capacity, impact of COPD questionnaires,
      cytokines, and oxidative stress in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
      (COPD).
    

Detailed description: 
      Sixteen patients with COPD (GOLD I) with mild and moderate (GOLD II) severity aged 51 - 80
      years old who visited at the outpatient examination room, Phramongkutklao Hospital divided
      into 2 groups; diaphragmatic breathing group (DB; n=8) and Farinelli's breathing group (FB;
      n=8). Participants in each group were administered to complete breathing exercise 5 times per
      week for 8 weeks. Physiological data and pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEV1/FVC,
      FEF25-75%, MVV, VC, TV, IRV, ERV and IC), respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP), aerobic
      capacity (6-MWD and VO2max), impact of COPD questionnaire (mMRC and CAT), cytokine (TNF-α and
      IL-6), and oxidative stress (MDA) were analyzed during Pre- and Post-test.
    

Intervention name(s): Farinelli's Breathing Exercise; Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise
Intervention type(s): Other; Other
Intervention description(s): after 1 minute of normal breathing, follow this instruction; inhale 2 seconds, suspend 2 seconds, exhale 2 seconds. inhale 3 seconds, suspend 3 seconds, exhale 3 seconds. inhale 4 seconds, suspend 4 seconds, exhale 4 seconds. inhale 5 seconds, suspend 5 seconds, exhale 5 seconds. inhale 6 seconds, suspend 6 seconds, exhale 6 seconds. This cycle lasted 1 minute (60 seconds), called Farinelli's breathing (FB). When participants finished these cycle, repeated it again 4 times. 1 minute of NB + 4 minutes of FB called 1 set. The participants were asked to practice 6 sets/day, 5 days/week (Monday-Friday) for week 1-4, and increased duration to 8 sets/day, 5 days/week for week 5-8.; after 1 minute of normal breathing, inhale 2 seconds and exhale 2 seconds with nasal airway. Continued breathing this pattern until 4 minutes, then back to normal breathing 1 minute . 1 minute of NB + 4 minute of DB called 1 set. The participants were asked to practice 6 sets/day, 5 days/week (Monday-Friday) for week 1-4, and increased duration to 8 sets/day, 5 days/week for week 5-8.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention model description: Sixteen patients with COPD (GOLD I) with mild and moderate (GOLD II) severity aged 51 - 80 years old who visited at the outpatient examination room, Phramongkutklao Hospital divided into 2 groups; diaphragmatic breathing group (DB; n=8) and Farinelli's breathing group (FB; n=8). Participants in each group were administered to complete breathing exercise 5 times per week for 8 weeks. Physiological data and pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75%, MVV, VC, TV, IRV, ERV and IC), respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP), aerobic capacity (6-MWD and VO2max), impact of COPD questionnaire (mMRC and CAT), cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6), and oxidative stress (MDA) were analyzed during Pre- and Post-test. The dependent variables between pre-test and post-test were analyzed by a paired t-test. Independent t-test was used to compare the variables between groups. Differences were significant at p < .05.
Masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Basic Science
Keywords: Farinelli's breathing exercise; COPD; pulmonary function; respiratory muscle strength; aerobic capacity; cytokine; COPD symptoms