Conservative Surgery for Abnormally Invasive Placenta: A New Technique
Condition: Placenta Accreta
MeSH terms: Placenta Accreta
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Placental borders and mapping by ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonography (placental
      mapping) preop. And verified intraoperatively .

      bladder peritoneal dissection till the level of internal Os Uterus is incised away from the
      placenta

      *Baby was delivered , the uterus is exteriorised and 4-5 towel clips are applied rapidly
      control uterine incision site bleeding .

      Twenty units of diluted oxytocin and 100 to 200 cc, 37°C of heated saline were infused from
      here, and then the cord was clamped .

      Then we proceed to systemically devascularize the uterus with the placenta in site

        -  internal iliac artery distal ligation:

        -  broad ligament and ureteric dissection:

        -  uterine vessels :

        -  posterior uterine wall compression suture :

        -  The utero-ovarian anastomosis branches are spared to keep blood flowing to the uterus.

        -  if the bladder was not fully dissected from the anterior uterine wall , now we complete
           the dissection,

        -  anterior uterine wall compression suture :

        -  now , we excise the invaded , irreparable anterior wall segment, with the

        -  then separation of the placenta manually

        -  if there's still mild bleeding from the uterine placental bed another full myometrial
           thickness anterior or posterior uterine wall transverse sutures are applied below or
           above the placental bed site to control bleeding until it's deemed acceptable

        -  in cases with separate fundal anterior incision, the high incision is repaired in layers
           first to give more time to compress and monitor the lower segment

        -  refashioning of the Lower segment , repair transversely is usually done,
    

Detailed description: 
      Placental borders and mapping were detected carefully by ultrasonography and Doppler
      ultrasonography (placental mapping) preop. And verified intraoperatively ..

      According to the mapping, in a subset of patients we entered the abdomen by transverse
      suprapubic incision; in another subset we entered the abdomen by infraumbilical midline
      incision which was extended to a supra umbilical one in cases with anterior placentae with
      high upper margin .

      Followed by bladder peritoneal dissection till either the level of internal Os is reached or
      a level with extensive adherence and/ or invasion.

      Uterus is incised away from the placenta, according to the plan we described by placental
      mapping.

      Type of uterine incisions is determined after placental mapping. Placental borders have been
      identified, and incisions were made far away from placenta. J-shaped, vertical and upper
      transverse incisions were used .

      In cases of high anterior wall placentae a fundal anterior incision is made separate from the
      placental invaded uterine segment that will be excised later and both incisions will be
      repaired separately ..

        -  Baby was delivered , the uterus is exteriorised and 4-5 towel clips are applied rapidly
           control uterine incision site bleeding .

      Twenty units of diluted oxytocin and 100 to 200 cc, 37°C of heated saline were infused from
      here, and then the cord was clamped .

      Then we proceed to systemically devascularize the uterus with the placenta in site

        -  internal iliac artery distal ligation: posterior pelvic peritoneum is incised and
           bilateral internal iliac arteries are ligated distally just before the offset of the
           uterine artery, to avoid collateral re-feeding of the internal iliac artery in case of
           proximal ligation

        -  broad ligament and ureteric dissection: the base of each broad ligament , both its
           leaflets and contents are dissected upwards , towards the utero-ovarian vessels away
           from the uterine lower segment , both ureters are dissected until each ureteric tunnel
           is identified

           , emptying the base of the broad ligament bilaterally helps apply temporary manual
           circumferencial pressure on cervix in cases of failed conservation and excess bleeding ,

        -  uterine vessels : simple or figure of 8 sutures are applied to each uterine artery and
           vein on each side incorporating 1 cm wide of the lateral part of the lower segment ,
           this is done just below the placenta or 1 cm above the ureteric tunnel in cases of deep
           placental invasion .

      In cases with extensive broad ligament invasion another high uterine vessels ligation is done
      to reduce bleeding from the spared utero-ovarian collaterals

        -  posterior uterine wall compression suture : transverse mattress suture is applied at the
           level of the lower most bulge of the placenta, as low as the levels of the ureteric
           tunnels

        -  The utero-ovarian anastomosis branches are spared to keep blood flowing to the uterus.

        -  if the bladder was not fully dissected from the anterior uterine wall , now we complete
           the dissection, noticing the bleeding is less in amount compared to cases we undertake
           bladder full dissection first before devascularization

        -  anterior uterine wall compression suture : A transverse mattress suture is placed below
           the placental bulge , incorporating most of the anterior uterine wall tissues , 1 cm
           medial to each uterine vessel ligatures

           , at a corresponding level to the posterior uterine compression suture, while avoiding
           incorporating the posterior uterine wall to avoid closing the cervical canal

        -  now , we excise the invaded , irreparable anterior wall segment, with the First inch of
           the incision we notice the uterine incision bleeding , in case the bleeding is low flow
           & brown in colour in case of proper devascularization, if the bleeding is high flow
           bright red we revise our ligatures then continue the excision

        -  then separation of the placenta manually

        -  if there's still mild bleeding from the uterine placental bed another full myometrial
           thickness anterior or posterior uterine wall transverse sutures are applied below or
           above the placental bed site to control bleeding until it's deemed acceptable

        -  in cases with separate fundal anterior incision, the high incision is repaired in layers
           first to give more time to compress and monitor the lower segment

        -  refashioning of the Lower segment , repair transversely is usually done, in cases with a
           wide placental invasion disc excision of a diameter 15-20 cm, if the defect is long we
           close the incision longitudinally, while maintaining the cervical canal patent at all
           times

        -  we observe for vaginal bleeding for 20 - 30 minutes intraoperatively before abdominal
           wall closure

        -  closure over 2 wide bore drains

        -  we continue administration of oxytocin postoperatively

        -  we continue monitoring for vaginal bleeding for the next 24 hours
    

Intervention name(s): Conservative surgery for placenta accretta
Intervention type(s): Procedure
Intervention description(s): Uterine devasculrization and transverse compressing sutures before placental delivery
Intervention model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Treatment