The Effect of Exercise on Brain Functions
Condition: Pulmonary; EEG
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Concept of action simulation; It is an internal representation of motor programs that does
      not involve explicit movement. Motor imagery method (MI) or movement observation (HG) method
      are considered two separate action simulation methods that activate motor regions in the
      brain. Both methods remain a popular and effective tool for improving motor learning.
      Research has shown that clinicians working in rehabilitation settings are aware of the needs
      of patients, athletes, etc. are recommended as methods that participants can use to improve
      their motor skills.

      Motor imagery training is a dynamic mental process in which a movement is mentally visualized
      without any visible movement or any voluntary motor muscle activation. Movement observation
      training is a method that involves internal, real-time motor simulation of movements in which
      the observer visually perceives movements performed by another. Mirror neurons, located
      primarily in the rostral part of the inferior parietal lobe and the ventral premotor cortex,
      are activated both when an action is physically performed and when the action is observed
      being performed by another person. Studies using neuroimaging techniques have provided
      support for this theory by showing that many areas known to be active during action
      simulation, such as the dorsal pre-motor cortex, supplementary motor area, superior parietal
      lobe, and intraparietal sulcus, are indeed active during both HG and MI. There is evidence in
      the literature that MI and HG also trigger sympathetic nervous system activation. There may
      be changes in respiration, heart rate and skin temperature, as well as an increase in
      electrodermal activity.

      EEG is an inexpensive, noninvasive, and simple examination that can be used to evaluate
      neurophysiological functions by measuring electrical activity. Understanding the mechanism of
      beta rhythms is important because they are associated with conscious thinking, logical
      thinking, memory and problem solving, whereas suppression of beta waves contributes to
      depression and cognitive decline.

      This study will investigate the effectiveness of exercising or watching or imagining exercise
      on brain functions.
    

Detailed description: 
      Participants in the study were divided into 3 groups. One group was shown breathing exercises
      and asked to imagine these exercises(Motor imagery and action observatin). The second group
      was made to do active exercises(The same exercises used in motor imagery and action
      observation were actively performed). The third group was not made to do anything. The
      exercises lasted 10 minutes. Watching and imagining the movement was also organized as a
      10-minute program. That's why the control group was not allowed to do anything for 10
      minutes. EEG recordings were taken during this 10-minute period in all three groups.
    

Intervention name(s): Action observation and motor imagery; Active breathing exercise; Control group
Intervention type(s): Other; Other; Other
Intervention description(s): EEG recording was taken while watching a 10-minute video recording of specified breathing exercises and imagining the exercises.; EEG recording was taken while the physiotherapist performed active breathing exercises for 10 minutes.; EEG recording was taken while resting with eyes closed for 10 minutes.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention model description: randomized controlled double-blind study
Masking: Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Basic Science
Keywords: motor imagery; EEG; pulmonary rehabilitation