Foot Reflexology to Reduce Pain and Anxiety Before Chest Tube Removal
Condition: Chest Tube Removal; Heart; Surgery, Heart, Functional Disturbance as Result; Pain; Anxiety
MeSH terms: Anxiety Disorders
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      In open heart surgeries, patients experience severe pain due to tissue trauma, damage to
      intercostal nerves, and muscle spasm due to pulling tubes from the mediastinal space and
      between the pleural leaves pull during chet tube removal (CTR). When acute pain is not
      relieved, the patient develops emotional, psychological (eg post-traumatic stress disorder)
      and physical problems (eg chronic pain) after surgery. Since this situation negatively
      affects the healing process, it increases the anxiety level of the patients and decreases the
      comfort level. Reflexology is one of the non-pharmacological methods used in the management
      of pain and anxiety after open heart surgery The aim of this randomized controlled study was
      to identify the effect of foot reflexology applied before chest tube removal process on pain
      and anxiety level. This study will be done a randomized-controlled trial to test the
      intervention.
    

Detailed description: 
      Background: Patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery suffer from anxiety and pain due to
      the chest tube removal (CTR).

      Objective/Hypothesis: The aim of this randomized controlled study was to identify the effect
      of foot reflexology applied before chest tube removal process on pain and anxiety level.The
      following hypotheses (H) were tested in this study:

      H1a : There was a difference between the reflexology group and the control group in terms of
      pain level during CTR.

      H1b : There was a difference between the reflexology group and the control group in terms of
      anxiety level during CTR.

      H1c : There was a difference between the reflexology group and the control group in terms of
      the difference between the pain level before CTR and during CTR.

      H1d : There was a difference between the reflexology group and the control group in terms of
      the difference between the anxiety level before CTR and during CTR.

      Study design: A randomized controlled trial. Method: The study sample who has gone through
      coronary artery bypass graft surgery was randomly assigned to reflexology or the control
      group (twenty- eight each in). The primary outcomes were pain, evaluated using a numeric
      pain-rating scale, and anxiety evaluated by the profile of mood states scale tension-anxiety
      subscale, both measured first (before and after reflexology) and second postoperative days
      (before the reflexology and immediately after chest tube removal, 15th minutes and 1 h).
    

Intervention name(s): Reflexology
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): Reflexology is a method that creates nervous, hormonal and energetic effects in the body using pressure, rubbing and stretching applied with special hand and finger techniques to reflex points corresponding to all parts, organs and systems of the body in the ears, hands and feet
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Supportive Care
Keywords: Anxiety; Cardiac surgery; Chest tubes; Nursing; Pain; Reflexology