Histamine Glutamate Antagonism in Stroke
Condition: Acute Cerebrovascular Accident; Cerebral Edema
MeSH terms: Stroke; Brain Edema
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 2

Summary: 
      Stroke is the 4th leading cause of death in United States with an estimated 1 death every 4
      minutes. On average, someone suffers from stroke in United States every 40th second. Stroke
      recurs in 1 out of 4 stroke patients. About 87% of the strokes are as a result of ischemic
      insult. The total economic burden from stroke accounts to 38.6 billion dollars per year.
      Stroke is also one of the leading causes of long term disability. Current stroke therapies
      concentrate mainly on acute revascularization, sub-acute rehabilitation and secondary
      prevention.

      Neuroprotection is not the mainstay of treatment modality as there are no effective regimen
      which has satisfied stroke clinicians and researchers. Many neuroprotection agents have shown
      excellent pre-clinical results but have failed in clinical translation. Thus we need to find
      new treatments in order to decrease the mortality and morbidity caused by stroke.

      The investigators hypothesize that adopting a narrower therapeutic window, with treatment
      initiation in the first six hours, may demonstrate a positive or significant short and long
      term neuroprotective effect from NMDA/Glutaminergic or histaminergic antagonism when compared
      with standard of care.
    

Detailed description: 
      If the subject decides to take part in this study, the subject will be placed randomly in the
      treatment group or the standard of care group. This means:

      The subject will be given either the treatment drugs with standard of care for stroke or only
      standard of care. If the subject is placed in the treatment group the subject will be again
      randomly administered either diphenhydramine oral or through an injection in the vein for 4
      days or dextromethorphan tablet orally for 2 days. In the treatment group the subject will
      receive another drug named famotidine through an injection in vein as a prophylaxis to
      prevent any gastrointestinal bleeding or ulceration whereas in the standard of care group the
      subject will receive pantoprazole through an injection in the vein for the same purpose. If
      the subject cannot take medication orally then we will put a tube through the nose to the
      subject's stomach or small intestine or we might also put a gastric tube directly into the
      subject's stomach surgically through a small cut in the belly. The investigators will collect
      information for the medical charts to include: imaging data, stroke assessments and medical
      history. A neurological exam will done, called the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale
      (NIHSS). It is used to assess the neurologic damage caused by stroke. A Modified Rankin Scale
      (m-RS) will also be performed and this is a scale used to measure the degree of disability or
      dependence in the daily activities after a stroke.

      The subject will be asked to come for a follow-up at 3 months after the discharge from the
      hospital and the following will be done:

        1. Modified Rankin Scale (m-RS) scores NIH Stroke Scale scores

        2. CT or MRI of the head without contrast
    

Intervention name(s): Diphenhydramine; Pantoprazole; Famotidine; Dextromethorphan
Intervention type(s): Drug; Drug; Drug; Drug
Intervention description(s): Diphenhydramine 12.5 mg BID intravenous or 25 mg BID oral for 4 days along with current standard of care.; Pantoprazole intravenous 40mg q daily as part of standard of care for stress ulcer prophylaxis along with current standard of care.; Famotidine 40 mg intravenous BID (maximum dose of 80 mg/day) for 4 days as part of standard of care for stress ulcer prophylaxis along with current standard of care.; Dextromethorphan 60 mg QID orally (maximum dose of 240 mg/day) for 2 days (total of 4 doses) along with current standard of care. If the drug can't be given orally, then feeding tube (G-tube, NG Tube or DHT) will be used for drug administration.
Other intervention name(s): Benadryl; Protonix; Pepcid; Diamox
Intervention MeSH terms: Diphenhydramine; Promethazine; Dextromethorphan; Pantoprazole; Famotidine
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Ischemic Stroke; Brain Edema; Diphenhydramine; Dextromethorphan; Famotidine