The Effect of the Egg Shell Nanoparticles Combined With Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Condition: Dentin Hypersensitivity
MeSH terms: Dentin Sensitivity; Hypersensitivity
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 1

Summary: 
      Dentin hypersensitivity is one of the most commonly occurring clinical dental conditions
      which is characterized by short and sharp pain which arises from exposed dentin in response
      to external stimuli, which typically are thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic or chemical.

      Hypersensitive dentin is mostly found in buccal tooth areas, in which enamel is missing
      because of abrasion, attrition, or erosion. The most generally accepted theory regarding the
      mechanism of dentin hypersensitivity is the hydrodynamic theory. It proposes that a
      pain-provoking stimulus increases the flow of the dentinal tubular fluid and consequently,
      stimulates the nerves around the odontoblasts, leading to dentin hypersensitivity.
    

Detailed description: 
      Dentin desensitizing products, containing agents such as fluoride, strontium salts, oxalate,
      glutaraldehyde and bioactive glass, are employed to treat dentin hypersensitivity.

      Based on the hydrodynamic theory, there are two main strategies for the treatment of dentin
      hypersensitivity as: (1) occluding the dentinal tubules to reduce the fluid flow, and (2)
      decreasing the excitability of the intradental nerve.

      Although these products and agents were reported to be effective, short durability and poor
      effectiveness were often exhibited. The therapeutic effects of these desensitizing products
      were short lived on account of daily tooth brushing or drinking of acidic beverages and the
      occlusion effects were sometimes incomplete. Owing to these drawbacks, the use of
      nanomaterials as dentin occluding material has been predicted to be the future of treating
      DH.

      Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP) has the potential to remineralize the structure of tooth.
      ACP is a soluble calcium phosphate compound that discharges calcium and phosphate ions to
      change to apatite and remineralize the tooth structure when it comes in contact with saliva.
      Forming on the enamel and within the dental tubules, ACP provides a reservoir of phosphate
      and calcium ions in the saliva Casein phospho-peptide (CPP) is a milk-derived protein that
      joins to the tooth's biofilm and is applied to stabilize ACP. In recent years,
      remineralization products used CPP as a vehicle to deliver and preserve a super saturation
      state of ACP near the surface of tooth. A previous study showed that the application of
      (CPP-ACP) containing agents as GC tooth mousse and MI paste plus can reduce dentin
      permeability by occluding dentin tubules. It revealed that these materials can be effective
      for treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.

      Recently, there has been a renewed interest in developing materials with a bioactive
      potential that could block the exposed dentinal tubules and subsequently reduce the fluid
      flow within the tubules. Eggshells (EBs) have been investigated in recent years for their
      remineralization capabilities. EB has rich bioavailable calcium content in the form of
      carbonates and oxides. It contains 94% calcium carbonate, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% magnesium
      carbonate, and 4% organic matter. In addition, eggshell provides a cost-effective, renewable,
      and sustainable source of material for EnHAp. A previous study revealed that eggshell powder
      is predicted to be the future of tooth remineralization and highly effective in occluding
      dentinal tubules and reducing dentin hypersensitivity.

      Titanium dioxide is one of the few materials that classified as bioactive meaning that it
      enhances bone growth and stable bone bonding with dental implants via precipitation of
      hydroxyapatite on its surface
    

Intervention name(s): Egg Shell nanoparticles
Intervention type(s): Drug
Intervention description(s): Evaluate the effects of egg shell nanoparticles combined with Titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity at different time intervals.
Other intervention name(s): Titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Intervention MeSH terms: Titanium dioxide
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single (Participant)
Primary purpose: Treatment