PRIDE: Preventing Respiratory Illnesses During Childhood Study
Condition: Tobacco Smoke Pollution
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS0, also known as secondhand smoke, is the combination of
      smoke given off by the burning end of a tobacco product and the smoke exhaled by the smoker.
      Children exposed to ETS are at an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), ear
      infections, colds, pneumonia, bronchitis and more severe asthma. ETS can also slow the growth
      of children's lungs and can cause them to cough, wheeze and fell breathless. The purpose of
      this study is to determine the effectiveness of a motivational interviewing-based program in
      reducing ETS exposure and improving lung health among children who are enrolled in a Head
      Start program and whose households include a smoker.
    

Detailed description: 
      About 90% of nonsmoking people in the US are exposed to ETS. More than 50 chemicals
      identified in ETS have been found to cause cancer and exposure has been linked to heart
      disease in adults and SIDS, ear infections and numerous respiratory problems, including
      asthma in children. In 2007, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Office of Head
      Start-a national program that provides economically disadvantaged children services to
      enhance their social and cognitive development-announced a new initiative to promote
      smoke-free homes for children in Head Start programs. Because Head Start reaches high-risk,
      low-income preschool children, it offers a timely intervention for reducing children's
      exposure to ETS. Head Start also attempts to engage parents, which is an important component
      of reducing household ETS exposure among children. This study will determine the
      effectiveness of a home-delivered, motivational interviewing-based program in reducing ETS
      exposure and improving lung health among children who are enrolled in the Baltimore City Head
      Start program and whose households include a smoker.

      Participation in this study will last 1 year. First, all participating families will be
      visited at home by a study staff person who will attach special filters that will track the
      amount of nicotine in the various rooms of the house. During this initial visit, the
      participating children will undergo weight and height measurements and saliva sampling. About
      a week later, the filters will be collected, a 2nd saliva samples will be taken and parents
      will be interviewed about their family and child's health. Families will then be randomly
      assigned to one of two groups. Both groups will received educational information about
      reducing tobacco smoke exposure. One group will also receive the home-delivered, motivational
      interviewing-based program aimed to reduce ETS. This program will consist of 2 home visits
      and 2 phone calls, both led by health counselor who will teach participants how to reduce
      their child's exposure to tobacco smoke. The home visits will occur during Weeks 1 & 2 and
      the phone calls will occur during Weeks 3 & 6. Follow-up visits for all participating
      families will occur at Months 3,6 and 12 and will involve repeat filter testing, saliva
      monitoring and interviews.
    

Intervention name(s): Motivational Interviewing Intervention for ETS Reduction; Educational Program for ETS Reduction
Intervention type(s): Behavioral; Behavioral
Intervention description(s): The intervention is designed to motivate caregivers to reduce a child's ETS exposure by establishing a complete home and car smoking ban and by considering smoking cessation. Caregivers will receive 2 home visits & 2 telephone session, both with a health counselor. Caregivers will be provided with feedback on air nicotine levels and child salivary cotinine levels. The main target for the intervention will be the primary caregiver of the child because the primary caregiver is ultimately responsible for protecting the child from ETS exposure. Any and all household members may participate in the intervention visits but are not required to do so.; An Environmental Protection Agency-based educational program that will consist of information about reducing tobacco smoke exposure.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: Single (Investigator)
Primary purpose: Prevention
Keywords: tobacco smoke exposure smoking