Investigation of Predisposing Factors Affecting Pain in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
Condition: Osteoarthritis, Knee
MeSH terms: Osteoarthritis; Osteoarthritis, Knee
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      This study aims to determine the factors affecting pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis
      (OA). This study will be carried out following the "Helsinki Declaration", by selecting 106
      volunteers who were diagnosed with knee OA, who applied to the Department of Orthopedics
      between February 2022 and August 2023 and met the inclusion criteria.

      Before the evaluation, all the volunteers participating in the study will be informed about
      the purpose of the study, its duration, and the evaluations to be made. Consent will be
      obtained from all volunteers participating in the study with an "Informed Voluntary Consent
      Form". Demographic and clinical characteristics of all patients who voluntarily accepted to
      participate in the study will be questioned with the "Knee Osteoarthritis Evaluation Form".
      Quality of life, pain, range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, presence of comorbidity, and
      functional evaluation will be recorded on the form.
    

Detailed description: 
      Inclusion criteria:

      - Volunteer participants who meet the clinical criteria for diagnosis of OA of the knee
      according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria will be included

      Exclusion criteria:

        -  Diagnosis of neurologic disease, rheumatoid arthritis, radiculopathy or peripheral
           neuropathy, psychiatric disease

        -  History of knee surgery or intraarticular corticosteroid injection within the past 6
           months

        -  Use of oral or topical analgesics for knee pain within the previous 6 months

        -  Receiving any physical therapy intervention on the lower limbs in the previous 6 months,

        -  Inability to read and write in Turkish

        -  Inability to follow simple instructions

        -  Having a pathology in visual ability and hearing

      Assessments: Pain by Visual Analog Scale (VAS), ROM by digital goniometer, muscle strength by
      "Hand-held" dynamometer (Lafeyette Instrument®, Lafayette, IN), presence of comorbidity by
      Charlson Comorbidity Index, functional status WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster
      Universities) index, and quality of life will be evaluated with Short Form-12 (SF-12).

      Statistics: The data obtained within the scope of the research will be analyzed with the
      Statistical Package for Social Science (IBM SPSS Statistics New York, USA) version 20.0. The
      distribution of the data will be evaluated with the "Shapiro Wilk Test". In the statistical
      analysis of the study, continuous variables will be shown with mean, standard deviation,
      minimum-maximum values, and categorical variables will be shown with frequency and percentage
      values. The relationship between VAS and independent factors will be analyzed with the
      "Pearson correlation test", and the effect of independent factors on the VAS score will be
      analyzed with "Linear Regression". In all analyses, p<0.05 (two-sided) values will be
      considered statistically significant.
    

Intervention name(s): Assessment
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): There will be no intervention. Only assessments will be taken from the patients and data will be analyzed.
Observational model: Case-Only
Time perspective: Cross-Sectional
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Women over the age of 40 years with knee osteoarthritis
      
Keywords: Pain; Knee; Osteoarthritis; Function