Urdu Translation and Psychometric Analysis of Lawton IADLS.
Condition: Cognitive Dysfunction
MeSH terms: Cognitive Dysfunction
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      Functional capacity and independent living skills are most crucial and important aspects to
      measure in older adults. Lawton IADL is an 8-item scale used to assess independent living
      skills. Lawton IADLS was originally developed in English. It has been translated and
      validated in several languages and showed excellent reliability and responsiveness. In our
      study Lawton IADL scale will be translated in Urdu and its psychometric analysis will be
      performed.The study design will be descriptive translation study. Study will be conducted in
      Rahimoon Welfare Foundation old age home of Lahore. Inclusion criteria will be patients of
      age between 65-75 years with both genders scoring 24 or more on MMSE and those who will be
      fluent in Urdu language. Those patients will be excluded who will have neurological problems
      affecting their IADLS, Cognitive/communication dysfunction or Patients with musculoskeletal
      impairments affecting IADLs. Participants will be asked to perform Lawton IADLs on the
      instruction and on completion performance will be scored. Study will be completed in two
      phases. Phase I will consist of Translation of original version (English) into Urdu version
      and pilot-testing of translated version. In phase II psychometric analysis will be performed.
      Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 21.
    

Detailed description: 
      Aging is a constant, natural and inevitable process in living creatures' lives, characterized
      by bio psychosocial and cultural changes that are affected by intrinsic factors such as
      genetics and by extrinsic factors such as acquired experiences and the environment (World
      Health Organization [WHO], 2010).

      Geriatrics refers to medical care for older adults, there is no set age to define older age,
      but age greater than 65 is mostly used. The elderly, or those older than 65 years, currently
      represent 12.5 percent of the U.S. population.With increasing life spans across the world,
      Pakistan is also experiencing a rise in its elderly population.According to 1998 Census
      report, in Pakistan the population of over-60 years increased to 7.34 million .Functional
      capacity is a complex concept that includes basic activities of daily living (BADL),
      instrumental activities of daily living (IADL),and advanced activities.BADL demonstrate the
      effectiveness of rehabilitation, and determine a person's ability to perform activities of
      daily living.The BADL may decline due to age, a specific disease, or a variety of factors
      such as decreased muscle strength, loss of vision, and postural changes Functional decline in
      older people is nearly 12% in those more than 75 years of age. According to (ECHP) people
      over 65 in the European Community, it is observed that 21% of the population is severely
      deteriorated to carry out activities of daily living, and this figure rises up to 29% for
      people over 75 years old. France would be the European country with most dependence in the
      ADL (28% of people over 65). The estimate of prevalence of physical disability in older
      adults of Punjab Pakistan varied from 13.9% to 36.6%.The assessment of functional status is
      critical when caring for older adults. A functional assessment can also guide the clinician
      to focus on the person's baseline capabilities, facilitating early recognition of changes
      that may signify a need either for additional resources or for a medical work-up. number of
      questionnaires are available to assess IADL, however, no gold standard exists . One of the
      most widely used is the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale developed in
      1969 by Lawton and Broady. Lawton IADL is an 8-item scale used to assess independent living
      skills. It is most useful for identifying how a person is functioning at a present time and
      to identify improvement or deterioration over time.
    

Observational model: Other
Time perspective: Cross-Sectional
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Subjects with above mentioned inclusion criteria will be taken. Written informed consent
        will be obtained from all participants. After obtaining demographic data all the
        participants will be asked to perform Lawton IADLs on the instruction and on completion
        performance will be scored.
      
Keywords: Cognitive Dysfunction, Geriatrics, Psychometric, Validity