Predictors of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Prospective Cohort Study
Condition: AF - Atrial Fibrillation
MeSH terms: Atrial Fibrillation
Study type: Observational [Patient Registry]

Summary: 
      There are a wide range of significant epidemiological, clinical, and operative predictors for
      the development of post-CABG AF including older age, female gender, large LA diameter, higher
      CHA2DS2-VASc score, valve replacement and postoperative inotropic support. Nevertheless,
      further large-scale studies are still needed to confirm our findings
    

Detailed description: 
      We included patients undergoing isolated CABG or CABG with (Aortic and / or Mitral) valve
      replacement with an age group between 18 and 70 years old.

      Patients diagnosed preoperatively with AF or have history of AF, patients with history of
      existing pre-operative rhythm other than normal sinus rhythm (NSR), patients with impaired
      systolic function (Ejection fraction (EF) < 30%), patients with end stage renal disease
      (ESRD) on hemodialysis and patients who refused to participate in the study were excluded
      from the study.

      Sample Size and Sampling: Using PASS program, setting alpha error at 5% and power 80%.
      Results from previous study Ducceschi et al. (6) showed that left atrial (LA) diameter was an
      independent factor affecting AF post CABG. Based on this, the needed sample was 123 cases
      undergoing CABG, including at least 24 patients with dilated LA.

      All individuals were monitored for AF during the postoperative ICU stay with continuous ECG
      (5-leads) monitor, daily 12-lead ECG recording to confirm an episode of AF. AF was considered
      if P wave was absent before the QRS complex together with irregular ventricular rhythm on the
      rhythm strips.

      Only AF episodes lasting > 5 minutes were counted. In the present study, the following data,
      as potential predictors of POAF, was collected from every eligible participant; age, sex,
      smoking and left atrial (LA) diameter based on formal preoperative Trans-thoracic
      Echocardiography. Serum potassium (K+) level was routinely measured postoperatively on ICU
      admission and every 2 hours and on demand (if arrhythmia occurs or suspected abnormal
      potassium level). It was recorded for statistical analysis on admission and every 12 hours
      and on demand until the patient was discharged.

      Serum Magnesium (Mg++) level was measured routinely measured postoperatively on ICU admission
      and every 24 hours and on demand (if arrhythmia occurs or suspected abnormal magnesium
      level). It was recorded for statistical study on admission and every 24 hours and on demand
      until the patient was discharged.

      Other parameters such as valve replacement (Aortic and/or Mitral) during the same operative
      setting, CHA2DS2-VASc score (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension [blood pressure >140/90
      mm Hg or treated hypertension on medication], Age ≥75 years, Diabetes mellitus, prior Stroke
      or transient ischemic attack or thromboembolism, vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex
      category [female sex] ), and post-operative inotropic support usage were recorded.
    

Intervention name(s): Observational
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): Observational study
Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Patients undergoing isolated CABG or CABG with (Aortic and / or Mitral) valve replacement
        with an age group between 18 and 70 years old.