HRR as a Novel Biomarker in Sjögren's Syndrome
Condition: Sjögren's Syndrome
MeSH terms: Sjogren's Syndrome; Syndrome
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic salivary and
      lacrimal gland dysfunction leading to dry mouth (xerostomia) and dry eye (xerophthalmia)
      sensation (1). Although dry mouth and dry eye are the main symptoms, the disease may
      influence many organs and systems. Diagnosis is made with ocular surface staining scores,
      anti-SS-A/SS-B auto-antibody positivity, and minor salivary gland biopsy (2). The Complete
      blood count (CBC) is a simple, inexpensive, accessible, and routinely used laboratory
      parameter that can be linked to oxidative stress, inflammation and microvascular flow
      resistance. Parameters include NLR and PLR values may be calculated by using CBC parameters
      (3). Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is used as an inflammatory marker in the diagnosis and
      prognosis of many cardiovascular diseases, malignancies, and infections (4-6). Peripheral
      inflammatory biomarkers of hematologic indices had been suggested by numerous studies to play
      a role during SS onset and progression.
    

Detailed description: 
      Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic salivary and
      lacrimal gland dysfunction leading to dry mouth (xerostomia) and dry eye (xerophthalmia)
      sensation (1). Although dry mouth and dry eye are the main symptoms, the disease may
      influence many organs and systems. Diagnosis is made with ocular surface staining scores,
      anti-SS-A/SS-B auto-antibody positivity, and minor salivary gland biopsy (2). The Complete
      blood count (CBC) is a simple, inexpensive, accessible, and routinely used laboratory
      parameter that can be linked to oxidative stress, inflammation and microvascular flow
      resistance. Parameters include NLR and PLR values may be calculated by using CBC parameters
      (3). Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is used as an inflammatory marker in the diagnosis and
      prognosis of many cardiovascular diseases, malignancies, and infections (4-6). Peripheral
      inflammatory biomarkers of hematologic indices had been suggested by numerous studies to play
      a role during SS onset and progression.

      Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the exocrine
      glands, resulting in their functional impairment. In SS, lymphocytic infiltration of salivary
      and lacrimal glands, and deposition of several types of autoantibodies, mainly anti-SS-A
      (anti-Ro) and anti-SS-B (anti-La), lead to chronic inflammation, with xerostomia and
      keratoconjunctivitis sicca. In its primary form (pSS), SS does not involve additional
      connective tissue diseases. SS presents in association with other rheumatic autoimmune
      diseases, mainly rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic
      sclerosis.

      Obviously, a prerequisite step in answering this critical question was to depict the change
      of inflammatory biomarkers of hematologic indices and disease activity progression in a
      detailed and comprehensive manner, and actually there were several studies aimed at answering
      this question. Along the hematologic indices field, most of the studies agreed that RDW was
      critical parameter in SS activity indication.

      As in most autoimmune diseases, environmental, hormonal and genetic factors are implicated in
      SS pathogenesis. have been shown to be a good serum marker in primary SS (pSS). All these
      indicated a potential linkage between systemic inflammation and the risk of SS. However,
      sparse evidence has been available on this association between the hematologic indices and
      SS. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to evaluate the association between systemic
      inflammation indices and SS.
    

Intervention name(s): blood sample analysis
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): All subjects went through a routine ocular examination, and the peripheral venous blood samples were collected and analyzed
Observational model: Case-Control
Time perspective: Retrospective
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        A total of 89 SS patients and 89 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects were included.
        Eighty-nine primary SS patients who met the 2012 American College of Rheumatology
        (ACR-2012) classification criteria and 89 healthy controls were enrolled.