Impact of Obesity on Periodontal Health in a Sample of Adult Egyptian Patients: A Comparant Study
Condition: Obesity, Periodontal Health
MeSH terms: Obesity
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      Periodontal disease is deﬁned as "an inﬂammatory disease of the tooth supportive structure
      caused by speciﬁc microorganisms or groups of speciﬁc microorganisms, resulting in
      progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with increased probing
      depth formation, recession, or both". According to WHO, overweight and obesity are defined as
      abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Body mass index (BMI) can be
      considered as an indicator of obesity-related health risks. Obesity was considered a global
      epidemic problem by the World Health Organization in the 1990s as it has increased
      internationally over the last decades. Based on review in 2003 the periodontal disease onset,
      progression and response to therapeutic interventions have been shown to be inﬂuenced by
      several systemic, local and environmental modifying factors and the data collected from the
      literature suggests that nutritional supplementation has been suggested as a possible
      inﬂuencing factor on periodontal status and wound healing.
    

Detailed description: 
      -  Dental patients will be recruited in a consecutive manner from the outpatient Diagnostic
           center, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University.

        -  To estimate the level of overweight and obesity. commonly used the (BMI); was calculated
           as the body weight (kg) divided by the square of the height (m).

        -  A total number of 384 patients will be included in this study. The patient categorized
           as obese will serve as study group (S group) and the patients categorized as normal
           weight patients will serve as control group (C group).

        -  Medical history will be taken, thorough oral examination will be done, and a full
           questionnaire will be filled for each patient.

        -  Before filling the questionnaire, the aim of the study will be explained to the patient
           and the patient's acceptance to participate in the survey will be received.

        -  Non-respondent patients or patients refusing to participate will be reported with the
           cause of their refusal.

        -  The questionnaire will be filled through a face-to-face personal interview with the
           patient using simple, short, easily comprehended questions.

        -  Full questionnaire will be filled, then full mouth periodontal examination and charting
           will be done for each patient.

        -  The interview questions will be prepared in English, translated into Arabic and then
           reverse translated by a certified translator to ensure accuracy.

        -  All the interviews will be done by the same investigator.

        -  Clinical examination will be held on a dental unit using the light of the unit and a
           mirror. Periodontal health status will be evaluated by full mouth charting using UNC 15
           periodontal probe, including assessment of Probing Depth (PD), Clinical Attachment Level
           (CAL), Bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), body mass index (BMI) and health
           eating index (HEI).

        -  The questionnaire which was applied in study will include the following:

        -  Questions including section for demographic information of age, gender, marital status,
           income, weight, length.
    

Intervention name(s): No intervention
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): No intervention to be done for the group
Observational model: Case-Control
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        - Dental patients will be recruited in a consecutive manner from the outpatient Diagnostic
        center, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University.