Novel Portable Diagnostic Device for Automatic Detection of Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect
Condition: Multiple Sclerosis; Glaucoma
MeSH terms: Multiple Sclerosis; Pupil Disorders; Glaucoma; Sclerosis
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      This study is to evaluate the ability of a newly designed device, Optic Nerve Glass (O-Glass)
      to detect relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD). In this prospective study, 44 patients
      (diagnosed RAPD- positive) enrolled the study. They were examined for an RAPD by O-Glass and
      also manual swinging flashlight method (SFM) . This newly designed instrument captures and
      records eye pictures. The images will be processed and analyzed using computerized software
      to calculate pupillary measurements.
    

Detailed description: 
      Pupil response to light stimulation is a basic clinical approach to the assessment of a
      patient with visual loss. Asymmetric response may indicate a relative afferent pupillary
      defect (RAPD). The rapid detection device for relative afferent pupillary defect (present
      device) is a newly designed portable facility with computerized software on a mobile device.
      This allows for field ophthalmic examination and identification of RAPDs quickly and
      accurately and also record pupillary movements for further processing and analysis or send
      the information and images via Wi-Fi. We aimed at comparing and evaluating this device with
      available methods to develop a test which is practically easy and quick with objective
      results and no need for specialist interpretation, so that any technician can perform the
      test automatically. Distinctive software allows simple use of the device by field personnel
      with minimal training. Each patient was investigated by swinging flashlight method and the
      newly constructed automated O-glass. The swinging flashlight test procedure, also called as
      Marcus Gunn Test, is well known in ophthalmology science.The hardware for this device
      includes 4 different parts: Camera and optics, light control system, power control system,
      and the microcontroller.The two main components of the software are the ability to
      communicate with the hardware wirelessly, and the pattern recognition system.
    

Intervention name(s): O-Glass; Swinging Flashlight Test
Intervention type(s): Device; Other
Intervention description(s): The new diagnostic device to distinguish relative afferent pupillary defect(RAPD).; The swinging-flashlight test is used to help a practitioner identify a relative afferent pupillary defect.For an adequate test, vision must not be entirely lost. In dim room light, the examiner notes the size of the pupils. The patient is asked to gaze into the distance, and the examiner swings the beam of a penlight back and forth from one pupil to the other, and observes the size of pupils and reaction in the eye that is lit.
Other intervention name(s): Other diagnostic method
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Double (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Diagnostic
Keywords: Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD); Multiple sclerosis; Glaucoma