Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as Catalyst for Alzheimer's Disease
Condition: Alzheimer´s Disease; Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Study type: Observational [Patient Registry]

Summary: 
      In recent years, it has been observed that the type 2 diabetic patients (DM-2) have an
      increased risk of developing dementia, both vascular and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The term
      mild cognitive impairment (MCI) describes a transition state between normal cognitive
      function and dementia. The annual rate of conversion to dementia in MCI patients is around
      15% in the general population, regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. At present
      it is not possible to identify which patients with MCI are most likely to progress to AD. On
      this basis, the main objective of this study is to evaluate whether the presence of diabetes
      and or the presence of its related genes favors the conversion of MCI to AD.
    

Detailed description: 
      In recent years, it has been observed that the type 2 diabetic patients (DM-2) have an
      increased risk of developing dementia, both vascular and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The term
      mild cognitive impairment (MCI) describes a transition state between normal cognitive
      function and dementia. The annual rate of conversion to dementia in MCI patients is around
      15% in the general population, ie regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. At
      present it is not possible to identify which patients with MCI are most likely to progress to
      AD. On this basis, the main objective of this study is to evaluate whether the presence of
      diabetes favors the conversion of MCI to AD. We propose a case-control study comparing a
      group of 110 diabetic patients and a group of 110 non-diabetic patients with MCI matched by
      age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors. The main objective is the conversion to AD between
      the groups and if DM-2 is an independent risk factor. The secondary objective is to
      investigate whether genetic mechanisms related both to AD and DM-2 are associated with the
      increased risk of AD in diabetic patients. We will analyze 10 genes simultaneously associated
      with an increased risk of diabetes and / or its complications and AD.
    

Intervention name(s): There is a retrospectiv observational study. No intervention
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): There is a retrospectiv observational study. No intervention will be performed
Observational model: Case-Control
Time perspective: Other
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        A retrospective case-control study will be conducted in the Department of Endocrinology and
        Nutrition Hospital Vall d'Hebron, in collaboration with the department of Neurology and
        Laboratory. We will review the medical records and the complete neuropsychological
        evaluation of 110 subjects with MCI and DM-2 matched by age, sex, and cardiovascular risk
        factors with 110 non-diabetic subjects with MCI. We will select the patients (diabetic or
        non-diabetic) with a minimum follow-up of 2 years, and whose neuropsychological assessment
        has been performed using the battery NBACE to ensure a uniform evaluation criteria. In
        addition, only patients who have determined the ApoE genotype and those who have previously
        undergone brain MRI will be included.
      
Biospecimen description: 
      Whole blood will be preserved in order to perform a genetic study of 10 genes related both
      with type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer´s disease.
    
Keywords: The risk of progession; patients