USF Hemostasis: USage of HemCon for Femoral Hemostasis After Percutaneous Procedures
Condition: Coronary Angiography
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 4

Summary: 
      USF Hemostasis - USage of HemCon for Femoral Hemostasis after Percutaneous Procedures. A
      Comparative Open Label Study The purpose of this trial is to test HemCon pad after diagnostic
      percutaneous coronary angiography as an adjunct to manual compression to better control
      vascular access site bleeding and reduce time-to-hemostasis.

      We hypothesize that the use of HemCon bandage (containing a carbohydrate called chitosan,
      found in the shells of shrimp, lobster and beetles) will shorten the time needed to achieve
      hemostasis, time to patient's ambulation, and patient's satisfaction without increasing
      vascular complications.

      278 patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography receiving 2500 u intravenous Heparin
      will be studied and randomized for manual homeostasis with either a HemCon or a regular pad.
      Primary efficacy endpoint will be time to hemostasis. Secondary endpoints will be safety
      (complication rate) and satisfaction of patients regarding time to sitting incline and time
      to ambulation. 25% of patients from each arm will be randomized for Duplex examination of the
      femoral artery at the access site.
    

Detailed description: 
      USF Hemostasis USage of HemCon for Femoral Hemostasis after Percutaneous Procedures A
      Comparative Open Label Study Introduction After completion of angiography performed via the
      femoral artery, hemostasis is achieved by applying local pressure either manually or by
      mechanical devices for 10-20 minutes. This is time consuming for the physician, uncomfortable
      for the patient and occasionally complicated with vascular events that increase morbidity and
      hospital duration and reduce patient satisfaction. Closure devices have been developed to
      shorten pressure time but they are costly.

      The HemCon pad is composed of a bandage containing a carbohydrate called chitosan, found in
      the shells of shrimp, lobster and beetles. Its molecules are positively charged and attract
      the negatively charged blood cells and platelets, and thus promote clotting. Chitosan
      hemorrhage control dressings have been shown to be effective in animal models of severe
      hemorrhage (1-4). Bandage. U.S. military personnel in the Iraquean and Afghanistan conflicts
      have used the HemCon Bandage to successfully stop arterial hemorrhage not controlled by
      conventional bandages in more then 64 patients without adverse effects (3,5). The HemCon
      bandage is also an FDA-cleared hemostatic dressing suitable for use in hemodialysis access
      puncture (2).

      The purpose of this trial is to test HemCon pad after diagnostic percutaneous coronary
      angiography as an adjunct to manual compression to better control vascular access site
      bleeding and reduce time-to-hemostasis.

      We hypothesize that the use of HemCon bandage will shorten the time needed to achieve
      hemostasis, time to patient's ambulation, and patient's satisfaction without increasing
      vascular complications.

      Endpoints Primary endpoint

        -  Compare efficacy (time to hemostasis) of HemCon to regular pads Secondary endpoints

        -  Compare efficacy (time to ambulation) of HemCon to regular pads

        -  Compare safety (complication rate) of HemCon to regular pads using a protocol of shorter
           time to ambulation with the HemCon pad.

        -  Compare satisfaction of patients regarding time to sitting incline and time to
           ambulation.

      Patients 278 patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography receiving 2500 u intravenous
      Heparin will be studied and randomized as written hereinafter.

      Inclusion Criteria:

        -  Age 18-80 years old

        -  Signing an informed consent

        -  Percutaneous coronary angiography with a 6 french sheath via the femoral artery

        -  Post catheterization non-invasive systolic blood pressure 150 mm Hg

      Exclusion criteria:

        -  STEMI

        -  Patients who received IIb-IIIa antagonists before or during angiography.

        -  Patients who received more than 2500u IV Heparin or more than 0.5 mg/kg LMWH within 8
           hours before the procedure.

        -  Known bleeding tendency, disturbed clotting system or platelet function

        -  Evidence of bleeding or hematoma at the access site prior to sheath removal.

      Protocol

      Heparin treatment:

      All patients will receive IV 2500 u Heparin immediately after introducing the femoral sheath.

        -  Procedure duration:

      Procedure duration will be recorded in minutes.

        -  Randomization:

      A 1:1 randomization of HemCon and regular pad will be performed after completion of the
      procedure. Envelopes marked with consecutive numbers will contain a note written: "HemCon
      pad" or "Regular pad ". Notes content will be randomized by a computer program.

      After the procedure is completed and a decision is taken to withdraw the sheath the next
      consecutive envelope will be opened to determine the sheath removal technique to be used.

        -  Arterial sheath removal:

             1. The femoral sheath will be removed at the patient's bed (and not on the angiography
                table). One ml of blood will be allowed to flow from the access site. A HemCon or a
                regular pad (according to randomization) will be applied manually with occlusive
                pressure for 5 minutes.

             2. After 5 minutes the operator will release the pressure. If bleeding continues,
                application of local pressure will be resumed. After this stage, the operator is
                allowed to release the pressure after every 5 minutes or longer at the operator's
                discretion. The total numbers of pressure release and the total time to hemostasis
                will be recorded.

             3. After achieving hemostasis a pressure bandage will be applied at the access site
                for 3 hours.

                Bed rest:

             1. Minimal bed rest duration will be 2 hours. Longer bed rest duration in increments
                of 30 minutes will be decided at the operator's discretion according to hemostasis.
                Total bed rest time will be recorded.

             2. During bed rest the operator may allow the patient to sit up in 450 incline after 1
                hour. Time to sitting up will be recorded.

             3. If hematoma occurs, it will be evaluated by palpation and diameter measurement will
                be recorded.

        -  Ambulation:

      After bed rest, ambulation is allowed providing no confounding events such as blood pressure
      abnormalities and hematoma have developed.

        -  In hospital follow-up:

             1. A duplex examination of the femoral artery at the access site will be performed at
                the operator's discretion.

             2. One day after the procedure patient's complaints and physical findings will be
                recorded.

             3. Blood count will be taken from all patients on the day after the procedure. Earlier
                blood count and other blood examinations may be taken at the operator's discretion
                and will be recorded.

        -  Discharge:

      The patient will be discharged at the operator's discretion. Complications or adverse events
      will be noted and recorded upon discharge.

      • Out of hospital and patient's satisfaction follow up: One day after discharge the patient
      will be contacted by phone and asked for any procedural complications (groin pain, hematoma)
      that appeared after discharge. If needed, the patient will be invited to the hospital for
      further investigation.

      During the phone call the patient will be asked of his / her satisfaction of the ambulation
      procedure at a scale of 1-10 (10 mostly satisfactory).

      Statistics

      The following data will be compared between the 2 groups using t-test:

        -  Time to hemostasis

        -  Duration of bed rest (total, supine position and incline sit-up position)

        -  Incidence of minor and major hematoma

        -  Hematoma size

        -  Post procedural stay at the hospital

        -  Level of satisfaction evidenced in post-procedure satisfaction surveys. The number of
           patients to be studied (278) was calculated with the assumption that the HemCon will
           achieve a decrease of 30% in hemostasis time (the primary endpoint), with alpha value of
           0.05 and power of 0.8.

      REFERENCES

        1. Pausateri AE, McCarthy SG, et al. Effect of chitosan-based hemostatic dressing on blood
           loss and survival in a model of severe venous hemorrhage and hepatic injury in swine. J
           Trauma. 2003;54:177-182.

        2. Gustafson SB, Fulkerson P, et al. Chitosan dressing provides hemostasis in swine femoral
           arterial injury model. Prehospital emergency care. 2007;11: 172-178.

        3. Wedmore I, McManus JG, et al. A special report on chitosan based hemostatic dressing:
           Experience in current combat operations. J Trauma. 2006;60:655- 658 .
    

Intervention name(s): HemCon bandage
Intervention type(s): Device
Intervention description(s): 5 cm X 5 cm
Other intervention name(s): HemCon
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Supportive Care
Keywords: angiography; hemostasis; femoral artery; duplex