Determination of Serum Trace Element and Physical Activity Levels in COVID-19
Condition: Covid19
MeSH terms: COVID-19
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      The pathogenesis of COVID-19, which is caused by the coronavirus species, which has become a
      global health problem affecting the lives of billions of people worldwide and is a member of
      the Betacoronavirus genus, is not fully understood. Although its pathogenesis is thought to
      be multifactorial, it results in a systemic hyperinflammatory response and associated
      thromboembolic complications in severe cases. It is thought that some vitamins and nutrients
      may be beneficial for COVID-19 infected patients due to their anti-inflammatory and
      antioxidant properties. Vitamins such as A, B, C, D, E and folate; trace elements such as
      iron, zinc, magnesium, selenium and copper play important roles in supporting both innate and
      adaptive immune systems, and studies have shown that the trace elements investigated have
      important roles in COVID-19. For this reason, it is important to investigate the levels of
      trace elements. In addition, while the disease spreads all over the world, individuals are
      required to stay at home for a long time against the risk of contamination. Due to these
      isolation and limitations, physical activity levels decrease in individuals. As reductions in
      the level of physical activity may cause possible secondary symptoms, another parameter is to
      determine the physical activity level in order to prevent the potential harmful effects of
      these protective lifestyle regulations related to COVID-19 and to prevent the restrictions
      from causing physical inactivity. This study is planning to conduct between January and
      February 2021 in order to compare the trace element levels in blood samples and physical
      activity levels of patients with COVID-19 (SARS CoV-2) who applied to Izmir Bakircay
      University Cigli Training and Research Hospital (Cigli Regional Training Hospital) and
      hospitalized in the COVID-19 service. It was planned as a prospective, randomized controlled
      trial. Research data will be obtained from blood samples taken from participants. In
      addition, data on physical activity levels will be collected through a questionnaire. After
      analyzing the data obtained from the research with appropriate statistical methods, the data
      will be evaluated.
    

Detailed description: 
      Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), also known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
      Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is caused by a coronavirus strain that has become a global health
      problem by affecting the lives of billions of people worldwide and is a member of the
      Betacoronavirus genus.

      Its clinical presentation can be heterogeneous, ranging from asymptomatic to severe disease,
      which may be associated with a cytokine storm. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is not fully
      understood, but it is likely multifactorial, resulting in a systemic hyperinflammatory
      response and associated thromboembolic complications in severe cases.

      Due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, certain vitamins and nutrients may
      be beneficial for patients infected with COVID-19. Vitamins such as A, B, C, D, E and folate;
      Trace elements such as iron, zinc, magnesium, selenium and copper have important roles in
      supporting both innate and adaptive immune systems.

      In order to consider an adult to be physically active, it is generally accepted to reach at
      least 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of high-intensity activity per week, or an
      equivalent combination of both. Sedentary behavior is defined as wakeful behavior
      characterized by an energy expenditure of less than 1.5 metabolic equivalent (MET) in
      positions such as lying, sitting or standing. While the COVID-19 disease spreads all over the
      world, healthy people are asked to stay at home for a long time against the risk of
      transmission. As a result, COVID-19 is radically changing the determinants of both behaviors
      (individual, interpersonal, environmental, regional or national policies and global).
      Accordingly, it can be said that due to isolation and limitations in regular and joint
      activities, it can be said that it poses a significant challenge to fulfill physical activity
      recommendations and reduce sedentary behavior during the stay at home, especially in the
      first weeks when the chance of finding alternatives to keep the population active even at
      home is limited. For this reason, individuals are strongly encouraged to engage in physical
      activity in the home environment by public health advocates to prevent the potential harmful
      effects of protective lifestyle regulations related to COVID-19 and to prevent the
      restrictions from causing physical inactivity.

      In the light of all this information, in order to contribute to the literature, the aim of
      this study is to determine the serum trace element levels and physical activity levels of
      COVID-19 patients immediately before the beginning of COVID-19 treatments and compare with
      the results of healthy adults.
    

Intervention name(s): No intervention
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): No intervention will be applied.
Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Participants in Group I will be included the study from Izmir Bakircay University Cigli
        Training and Research Hospital (Cigli Regional Training Hospital).

        Participants in Group II will be included the study from community sample.
      
Keywords: Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2); Serum trace elements; Physical activity