Comparing the Analgesic Effect of Intravenous Acetaminophen and Morphine on Patients With Renal Colic Pain Reffering to the Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Condition: Renal Colic
MeSH terms: Colic; Emergencies; Renal Colic
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 2

Summary: 
      Kidney stone is one of the most common diseases in every human society and also Iran. What is
      normally used to treat renal colic pain is Intravenous Opioid with a variety of side effects
      including hypotension, respiratory depression and apnea, nausea and vomiting. Regarding less
      complications of Intravenous Acetaminophen, we aimed to compare it with Intravenous Morphine
      in management of renal colic pain.
    

Detailed description: 
      Kidney stone is one of the common diseases of human society which is demonstrated in the form
      of renal colic. Evidences indicate that renal colic is one of the mot painful conditions that
      require urgent pain relief treatment.

      Patients suffering from renal colic do not usually recover from pain by using oral pain
      killers or rectal suppositories. Hence, a considerable percentage of these patients are
      admitted to the emergency department. A bothering and sharp pain is the most common
      characteristics of renal colic pain that wakes the patient up in the middle of the night. To
      achieve more relief, patients somehow take unusual positions such as squatting.

      What are normally used as pain relievers in emergency department are Non-steroidal
      anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and intravenous Opioids. However, both of these classes of
      drugs have many side effects.

      Another point in this regard which is worthy to be mentioned is that some patients with renal
      colic complaint are drug addicted, so we have to administer higher dosage of analgesic drugs.
      According to the statistics provided by the US National Library website, the prevalence of
      kidney stones around the world in 2005 has been averagely around 140.1% which is
      considerable. This issue suggests more attention to the field of prevention and treatment.

      According to the statistics of kidney stones incidence in Iran, 2.4 out of every 1000 people
      suffer from this pathologic condition whereas it differs from 0.5 to 2 in every 1000 ones in
      other countries.

      Intravenous Acetaminophen has been imported to our country and introduced with the brand of
      Apotel. In this regard, we decided to compare the effect of Intravenous Acetaminophen and
      Morphine on renal colic pain.
    

Intervention name(s): Acetaminophen; Morphine
Intervention type(s): Drug; Drug
Intervention description(s): This protocol prepared by a nurse and labeled as Drug A. Since the rapid injection of Acetaminophen can result in hypotension, therefore based on the Apotel Injection Instruction, it must be infused slowly within 15 minutes.; This protocol was prepared by a nurse and labeled as Drug B. Since the rapid injection of Morphine can result in histamine release, therefore it must be infused slowly within 15 minutes. The nurse, who was in charge of infusing pain reliever, was unaware of the type of injected drug.
Other intervention name(s): Apotel; Morphine Sulfate
Intervention MeSH terms: Acetaminophen; Morphine
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Care Provider)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Morphine, Acetaminophen, Renal colic, Emergency treatment