Effect of Anti-craving Medication on Cognitive Functions in Alcohol Dependence: an ERP Study
Condition: Alcohol Dependence
MeSH terms: Alcoholism
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      The main aim of this research is to investigate whether the use of cognitive event-related
      potentials is an interesting way to identify subgroups of alcoholic patients displaying
      specific clinical symptoms and cognitive disturbances in order to help clinicians to adapt
      the pharmaceutical approach to the specific needs of the patient.

      Nowadays, a fundamental question remains: How can investigators identify among alcoholic
      patients who are likely to benefit from the use of naltrexone, acamprosate or baclofen, and
      those who are not? The goal of this application is to identify subgroups of alcoholic
      patients displaying specific clinical symptoms and cognitive disturbances linked to
      consistent biological markers. Investigators propose that this might help clinicians improve
      their treatment of alcoholic patients by focusing therapy on individual cognitive
      disturbances, and by adapting pharmaceutical approaches to the identified brain
      pathophysiology. In other words, investigators suggest that specifying the cognitive profile
      of each individual patient may help clinicians in their choice of a suitable drug program.

      To reach this aim, investigators suggest that a joined investigation of early (P100) and late
      (P300) brain event-related potentials (ERP) components may help create subgroups of alcoholic
      patients with homogenous cognitive deficits, and that this ''classification'' might help
      optimize drug treatment. More precisely, investigators suggest that relapse in chronic
      alcoholism is partly due to (1) the preferential attentional allocation to alcohol-related
      information (e.g. the sight of a bottle of wine). As the P100 component has already been
      shown to be enhanced by motivationally relevant stimuli, investigators think that this
      component is well-suited for this purpose; and (2) the impairment of the inhibitory control,
      which is necessary to suppress an inappropriate prepotent response. The Go/No-Go task is a
      simple procedure, which has already proven to be highly reliable to evidence a deficit in
      inhibitory control processing in alcoholics, indexed by a No-Go P3 of decreased amplitude and
      less anterior topography. In summary, investigators have two simple experimental procedures,
      an oddball task and a Go/No-Go task, which can be easily carried out in clinical settings,
      and which can provide interesting data concerning, respectively, the existence of an implicit
      attentional bias towards alcohol-cues and the deficit of inhibitory control towards a
      prepotent response, through the observation of well-known and well-described cognitive ERP
      components, i.e. the P100 and P3b components. The main goal of this project will be to test
      the effect of different drug medications on both attentional (P100) and inhibitory (P300)
      deficits observable in alcoholic patients.
    


Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Patients (age-range 18-65 years) undergoing a three-weeks detoxification cure in Alcohol
        Unit of CHU Brugmann, diagnosed with alcohol dependence, according to the DSM-IV-TR
        (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th revision)
      
Keywords: Anti-craving medication; Inhibition; Attentional Bias; Event-Related Potentials; Relapse