Associations of Plasma Fatty Acid Patterns With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Condition: Gestational Diabetes
MeSH terms: Diabetes, Gestational; Diabetes Mellitus
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      Background: Limited studies have explored the difference of fatty acid profile between women
      with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and the results were inconsistent.
      Individual fatty acids tend to be interrelated because of the shared food sources and
      metabolic pathways. Thus, whether fatty acid patters during pregnancy were related to GDM
      odds needs further exploration.

      Objective: We aim to identify plasma fatty acid patters during pregnancy and their
      associations with odds of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

      Design: A hospital-based case-control study was carried out in urban Wuhan, China from August
      2012 to April 2015. Pregnant women who screened for GDM at the outpatient clinics of the
      Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital were invited to participant in the study. The
      inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) age ≥ 20 years; 2) gestational age at GDM screening ≥
      24 weeks; 3) singleton pregnancy. We excluded women who met any of the following items:
      history of diabetes (including but not limited to GDM), cardiovascular disease, cancer or
      other systemic diseases; pharmacologic treatment or dietary supplement use that might
      influence glucose or lipids metabolism; accompanied by other pregnancy complications; blood
      sample hemolysis or insufficiency; incomplete basic information. The diagnosis of GDM can be
      made if one or more glucose values are above the cut points of 5.1, 10.0 and 8.5 mmol/L at
      fasting, 1 and 2 h during a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Controls were
      randomly selected and individually matched to cases by age (± 2 years), gestational age (± 2
      weeks) and parity. Finally, 217 GDM cases and 217 matched controls were selected in this
      study. All participants gave written informed consent before enrolling in the study. Fasting
      blood samples (≥ 8 h overnight fasting) were collected using anticoagulant tubes and
      centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 min. Plasma were separated from blood cells and stored at -80 ℃
      for further assay. We measured plasma concentrations of fatty acids by gas chromatography -
      mass spectrometry, and derived potential fatty acid patterns trough principle components
      analysis. Conditional logistic regression and restricted cubic spline model were used to
      evaluate the associations between individual fatty acids or fatty acid patterns and odds of
      GDM.
    


Intervention name(s): Plasma fatty acid concentration
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): Plasma concentrations of fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (Agilent 7890B gas chromatography coupled with an Agilent 5977A Series mass spectrometry). Individual fatty acids with relative concentrations ≥ 0.05% were used to derive fatty acid patterns through principle components analysis.
Observational model: Case-Control
Time perspective: Cross-Sectional
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        All the participants enrolled were Chinese women. They gave informed written consent to the
        study and did not take any medication known to affect glucose tolerance or insulin
        secretion before participation.
      
Keywords: Fatty acid; Pattern; Gestational diabetes mellitus