Candida Albicans in Periodontal and Endodontic Lesions in Diabetic and Normoglycemic Patients
Condition: Diabetes
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      Pulpal and periodontal tissues are closely related and have similar microbiota that
      cross-contamination between the pulp and periodontal tissues.The aim of this study was to
      investigate the prevalence of isolated Candida albicans from periodontal endodontic lesions
      in diabetic and normoglycemic patients and their virulence in different atmospheric
      conditions. A case-control study was conducted on 15 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
      (G1) and 15 non-diabetics (G2), with periodontal endodontic lesions. Samples of root canals
      and periodontal pockets were plated on CHROMagar for later identification by polymerase chain
      reaction (PCR) and virulence test.
    

Detailed description: 
      This case-control study was conducted on thirty patients (15 patients with type 2 diabetes
      mellitus and 15 normoglycemics) with clinical and radiographic diagnosis of a periodontal
      endodontic lesion. To assess the glycemic control of the patients were measured the plasma
      glucose level and glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations (HbA1c). All patients were initially
      submitted to examination to verify the clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, probing
      bleeding, probing depth, clinical attachment level and gingival recession) and pulp
      sensitivity testing. The study included patients who presented periodontal pockets involving
      the apical region of the tooth and pulp necrosis (periodontal endodontic lesion). Exclusion
      criteria were: use of antibiotics in the last six months, pregnancy, smoking, other systemic
      diseases, clinical signs of oral candidiasis, and patients who did not sign a free and
      clarified consent term.

      Sample collection Collection from the root canal was performed after access, rubber dam
      isolation, disinfection of the surgical field with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, and
      neutralization with 5% sodium thiosulfato, with 3 sterile paper points remaining in the root
      canal for one minute. Sampling of the periodontal pocket was made at the deepest site through
      3 sterile paper points, inserted one by one for one minute. The material collected from the
      periodontal pocket and the root canal was inoculated in Eppendorf tubes containing 1 ml of
      reduced transport fluid (RTF). Next, samples from each site were diluted and plated on the
      medium Saboraund Dextrose Agar plus Chloramphenicol and chromogenic medium (CHROMagar Candida
      ®, BioMerieux, Paris, France) and incubated at 37° C for 48h in a reduced oxygen atmosphere
      (10% CO2 and 90% air). The green colonies that grew on CHROMagar plates were chosen at random
      and stored in glycerol at 20° C for later identification by PCR.
    

Observational model: Case-Control
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of isolated Candida albicans from
        periodontal endodontic lesions in diabetic and normoglycemic patients and their virulence
        in different atmospheric conditional. A case-control study was conducted on 15 patients
        with type 2 diabetes mellitus (G1) and 15 non-diabetics (G2), with periodontal endodontic
        lesions. Samples of root canals and periodontal pockets were plated on CHROMagar for later
        identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and virulence test.
      
Keywords: candida; endodontic lesion; diabetes