Protein Nutrition During Weight Loss
Condition: Obesity
MeSH terms: Obesity
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The purpose of this study is to minimize the loss of lean body mass that occurs during a
      weight-loss program in obese people by changing the nature of ingested protein and the
      pattern of protein feeding
    

Detailed description: 
      In most physiological situations, the adequate amount of protein necessary to promote health
      is more and more well known. However, for an adequate protein intake, it was shown that the
      kinetic of amino acid delivery to the organism has an influence on the efficiency of protein
      utilization. In particular, caseins, slowly digested milk proteins, promote a better protein
      balance than rapidly digested milk soluble proteins in young subjects (Boirie et al., 1997).
      In addition, changing protein feeding pattern (80% of daily protein consumed at noon vs 25%)
      significantly affect protein balance (Arnal et al., 2000). In young healthy individuals, the
      best protein efficiency is obtained by spreading protein absorption over time (casein, and/or
      4 isoproteic meal per day). On the contrary, in older individuals, due to alteration in the
      sensitivity of protein metabolism to feeding, it is better to use rapidly digested proteins
      (Dangin et al., 2003), and / or to have a protein-rich meal once a day (Arnal et al., 1999).

      Another physiological situation that was not studied in this regard is obesity. Obesity
      incidence is rapidly increasing around the world. When body mass index (weight / height2)
      becomes too high (>30), it is often suggested to restrict energy intake. However, severe
      energy restriction leads to fat mass loss, but also to lean body mass loss, which should be
      prevented. Our aim is to test whether for an adequate amount of total protein, it is possible
      to preserve lean body mass by using either casein, or milk soluble proteins, or by changing
      protein feeding pattern.
    

Intervention name(s): Pulse casein feeding during energy restriction; Spread casein feeding during energy restriction; Pulse milk soluble protein feeding during energy restriction; Spread milk soluble protein feeding during energy restriction
Intervention type(s): Dietary Supplement; Dietary Supplement; Dietary Supplement; Dietary Supplement
Intervention description(s): Obese subjects are subjected to a 35% energy restriction during 6 weeks and during this period, 25% of energy is given as protein, these proteins being casein. In addition, a pulse protein feeding pattern is used (8% protein in the morning, 80% for lunch, 4% at 1600 h and 8% in the evening).; Obese subjects are subjected to a 35% energy restriction during 6 weeks and during this period, 25% of energy is given as protein, these proteins being casein. In addition, a spread protein feeding pattern is used (25% of protein at each of the four meals of the day).; Obese subjects are subjected to a 35% energy restriction during 6 weeks and during this period, 25% of energy is given as protein, these proteins being milk soluble proteins. In addition, a pulse protein feeding pattern is used (8% protein in the morning, 80% for lunch, 4% at 1600 h and 8% in the evening).; Obese subjects are subjected to a 35% energy restriction during 6 weeks and during this period, 25% of energy is given as protein, these proteins being milk soluble proteins. In addition, a spread protein feeding pattern is used (25% of protein at each of the four meals of the day).
Intervention MeSH terms: Caseins
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Supportive Care
Keywords: casein; milk soluble proteins; protein feeding pattern; overweight; obesity; energy restriction; protein metabolism; lean body mass; body composition; nitrogen balance; protein synthesis; proteolysis; spread; pulse