ACT-DE for Diabetes Distress in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot RCT
Condition: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; Type 2 Diabetes; Diabetes Distress
MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      This study is a pilot RCT to examine the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary
      effectiveness of a 6-week acceptance-based diabetes education programme (ACT-DE) on diabetes
      distress, self-care efficacy and behaviours of adults with type 2 diabetes in Hong Kong.

      It is hypothesise that the ACT-DE programme will:

        -  Be acceptable, feasible and beneficial for adults with type 2 diabetes to improve their
           psychological distress and self-care.

        -  Significantly reduce participants' diabetes distress (primary outcomes), when compared
           with the usual care (control) group immediately post-intervention;

        -  Significantly improve self-care efficacy, self-care behaviour and psychological
           flexibility (secondary outcomes) than the control group immediately post-intervention.
    

Detailed description: 
      Diabetes distress is an aversive feeling and emotional disturbance specific to diabetes,
      including the burden of daily self-care, worry and guilty feelings, and low satisfaction
      level with health care professionals. Around 36% of people with type 2 diabetes worldwide
      suffered from diabetes distress, which is associated with poor self-care performance, low
      self-efficacy in diabetes management and higher blood glucose levels. Acceptance and
      Commitment Therapy, one of the mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions, integrated
      with diabetes education are found to be potentially effective interventions for reducing
      diabetes distress.

      Participants who agreed to participate in the study were randomly allocated into the
      intervention (N=24) and the control group (N=24). Participants in the intervention group
      received a 6-week group-based acceptance and commitment therapy integrated with diabetes
      education (ACT-DE). There were five sessions in 6 weeks with 120 minutes per session. The
      group size were 6. While participants in the control group received one session of diabetes
      education without any information on acceptance and commitment therapy.
    

Intervention name(s): ACT-DE; DE
Intervention type(s): Behavioral; Behavioral
Intervention description(s): The acceptance and commitment therapy is a psychological component to cultivate participants' acceptance attitude to diabetes and motivate them for a value-driven persistent diabetes self-management, directed by six psychological processes in the hexagonal model of ACT, including acceptance, cognitive defusion, the present moment, self-as-context, value clarification and committed action.; DE
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention model description: Participants were random allocated (1:1 ratio) to either the intervention group that received a 6-week (5 sessions) group-based ACT-DE programme. While participants in the control group received 1 session of diabetes education.
Masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Treatment