Effect of Single Rinsing With Three Different Types of Mouthwash on VSC Levels in Morning Breath
Condition: Halitosis
MeSH terms: Halitosis
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Morning bad breath (MBB) is often an enduring upset; this double blind, crossover, randomized
      study aimed to evaluate the bad breath-suppressing of 3 commercially available mouth rinses
      (Mentadent Professional® 0.05%chlorhexidine (MPc), Meridol® Halitosis (MH) and CB12®) and a
      placebo on morning halitosis during a washout period of 1 week.
    

Detailed description: 
      The study was designed as a double-masked, four-group, randomized, crossover clinical trial.

      The volunteers were randomly assigned. Randomization was performed using computer generated
      random numbers. The allocation of active or control solutions was undertaken by a person not
      directly involved in the research project. No changes to methods after trial commencement
      (such as eligibility criteria) were performed.

      Participants Thirty-six nondental student volunteers (17 women and 15 men; age range 34-22
      years old; mean age 27,7) participated in the study. The subjects were recruited through
      advertisements. All of the candidates were screened for suitability by the research team. The
      selection criteria were: Good general health condition, dentition with ≥20 evaluable teeth
      (minimum of five teeth per quadrant), no oral lesions, no severe periodontal problems (no
      probing depth ≥5 mm or attachment loss >2 mm), and no removable prostheses or orthodontic
      bands or appliances. Persons allergic to several mouthwash components were excluded from the
      study. All eligible volunteers were given oral and written information about the products and
      the purpose of the study and were asked to sign an informed consent form. The study was
      conducted from 3 September 2018 to 10 December 2019 in the Division of Periodontology,
      University of L'Aquila.

      During the first information meeting, at each participant was given the mouthwash samples to
      be tested and a sealed envelope in which the sequence to follow was specified. The sequence
      also included the use of a placebo. The subjects were asked not to change their eating
      habits, but to refrain from taking halogen substances on the evenings prior the evaluations.

      About 12 hours before the analysis, the participants, refraining from oral hygiene practices,
      performed a 30-second rinse, followed by a gargle. They also committed themselves not to take
      food or drinks, not to brush their teeth, not to smoke and not to use cosmetics (their
      fragrances could have disturbed the operator's perception of odours), between this practice
      and the evaluation.

      The following morning the values of hydrogen sulphide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulphide
      were measured and the values of the Rosenberg scale (0. Absence of odor;1. Barely perceptible
      odor;2. Slight but clearly perceptible odor;3. Moderate odour; 4. Very annoying smell; 5.
      Extremely bad smell) and the Winkel index (0. Absence of patina;1. Slight presence of patina;
      2. Considerable presence of patina) were assigned. The assessment of morning halitosis was
      carried out through organoleptic measurement with a lingual patina supervision and with the
      aid of a dedicated device, the Oral Chroma.
    

Intervention name(s): 0.05%chlorhexidine mouthwash; 0.05% sodium fluoride mouthwash; alcohol free essential oils mouthwash; Placebo
Intervention type(s): Procedure; Procedure; Procedure; Procedure
Intervention description(s): All subjects were instructed to rinse once a day, in the morning, with 15 ml solution for 60 seconds, after which they expectorated. Subsequent rinsing with water was not allowed.; All subjects were instructed to rinse once a day, in the morning, with 15 ml solution for 60 seconds, after which they expectorated. Subsequent rinsing with water was not allowed.; All subjects were instructed to rinse once a day, in the morning, with 15 ml solution for 60 seconds, after which they expectorated. Subsequent rinsing with water was not allowed.; All subjects were instructed to rinse once a day, in the morning, with 15 ml solution for 60 seconds, after which they expectorated. Subsequent rinsing with water was not allowed.
Other intervention name(s): Mentadent professional 0.05%chlorhexidine. MIROMED Srl; CB12®.Mylan N.V.; Listerine, Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc.
Intervention MeSH terms: Chlorhexidine; Chlorhexidine gluconate; Listerine; Fluorides; Sodium Fluoride
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Care Provider)
Primary purpose: Prevention
Keywords: Morning bad breath; Halitosis; OralChroma; mouthwash