Effects of Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy on Non-ambulant Children With Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Condition: Bilateral Cerebral Palsy
MeSH terms: Paralysis; Cerebral Palsy
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Children with spastic bilateral cerebral palsy are late developers. delayed gross and fine
      motor development require early intervention to improve the child performance and avoid
      secondary impairments.
    

Detailed description: 
      increased tone of lower extremity muscles interfere with the child sitting posture and trunk
      control. delayed sitting and lack of trunk control contribute to the impairments of upper
      extremity functions.

      selective dorsal rhizotomy is a surgical procedure to control increased tone of the lower
      extremities. Therefore, the current study is carried out to investigate the effects of
      selective dorsal rhizotomy on trunk control, selectivity and upper extremity function of
      non-ambulant children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy
    

Intervention name(s): sequenced trunk co-activation exercises; Standard Orthotic Management; selective dorsal rhizotomy
Intervention type(s): Other; Other; Other
Intervention description(s): Sequenced trunk co-activation exercises were basically used for facilitation of functional activities through trunk musculature dynamic co-activation of in the lateral plane which is required for basic developmental milestones. In the frontal plane, encourage the child to actively shift his/her weight to maintain the weight-bearing side straight while keeping proper active co-activation of trunk musculature. Efficient trunk rotation is essential for acquiring of equilibrium reactions and balance. Enhancement of efficient active trunk rotation as the child could achieve active trunk musculature co-activation while maintaining the weight-bearing side straight (Arndt et al., 2008).
Righting and protective reactions
Functional stretching exercises.; A custom-made articulating ankle foot orthosis with a hinge at the level of the medial malleolus of the ankle is fabricated for each child from the same copolymer thermoplastic mold after casting with the subtalar joint in neutral position. The orthosis extended distally to the tip of the toes and proximally on the posterior surface of the leg to about 5 cm below the knee and secured to the foot by three straps across the forefoot, the front of the ankle, and to the anterior upper tibial portion. It is fabricated to permit free ankle dorsiflexion and lock the plantar flexion at 0 dorsiflexion. The splinting schedule started gradually for 2 h/day in the first month, 4 h/day in the second month to the entire wake-up time of the day in the third and fourth months to accommodate children to the orthosis.; All SDRs were performed by a single neurosurgeon through an osteoplastic laminotomy from L2 to L5 that left the facet joints intact. After opening the dura, the posterior nerve roots of L2 to S1 were identified and divided into 3 to 6 rootlets. At L2, from 30% to 50% of the posterior nerve rootlets were sectioned without selective stimulation. Selective electric stimulation of each nerve rootlet was performed from L3 to S1. The percentage of rootlets sectioned at each level (table 3) was determined by the surgical team based on the electromyographic results obtained intrasurgically and knowledge of the presurgical assessment results. The laminae were replaced on the completion of the rootlet stimulation and secured with sutures in the yellow ligament and the supraspinous ligament.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Bilateral Cerebral Palsy; Selective dorsal rhizotomy; segmental trunk control; Motor development