Effect of High Monounsaturated Fat Diet on Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes
Condition: Overweight; Obesity; Type 2 Diabetes
MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Overweight
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 1

Summary: 
      The purpose of this proposed randomized, controlled trial is to compare the effects of high
      monounsaturated fat diets and high carbohydrate diets on body weight, body composition,
      glycemic control, plasma lipids, and other cardiovascular risk factors over a period of one
      year. At present, no such studies of free-living subjects have been performed. The specific
      aims of the proposed project are to test the hypotheses that (1) a high monounsaturated fat
      diet will produce greater weight loss/body fat loss and more successful weight maintenance
      than a high carbohydrate diet and (2) a high monounsaturated fat diet will result in an
      improved lipid profile and better glycemic control than a high carbohydrate diet.
    

Detailed description: 
      The incidence of type 2 diabetes has increased steadily over the last three decades. Although
      medical nutrition therapy is an integral component of diabetes management, nutrition
      recommendations for diabetes have often been based on clinical experience and expert
      consensus, rather than on carefully controlled clinical trials. The expert consensus on
      medical nutrition therapy is that carbohydrate and monounsaturated fat together should
      provide approximately 60-70% of total energy intake. This recommendation accommodates parties
      on both sides of a debate over what constitutes the optimal macronutrient composition of a
      diet for type 2 diabetic patients. On one side are proponents of high carbohydrate, low fat
      diets who contend that this regimen promotes the lowering of total- and LDL-cholesterol and
      is less calorically dense than diets containing a higher percentage of fat. On the other side
      are advocates of high monounsaturated fat, Mediterranean-type diets who cite data from
      short-term studies indicating that this approach decreases postprandial levels of plasma
      glucose, insulin, and triglycerides, and increases HDL-cholesterol more than isocaloric high
      carbohydrate diets. However, there is concern about the potential for high fat diets to
      increase energy intake and weight gain among free-living subjects. To make definitive,
      scientifically-based diet recommendations, it is essential that controlled long-term trials
      be conducted to demonstrate the health effects of specific percentages of monounsaturated
      fats and carbohydrates in the diets of persons with type 2 diabetes.
    

Intervention name(s): High-MUFA diet; High-CHO diet
Intervention type(s): Other; Other
Intervention description(s): The effects of high monounsaturated fat diet on body weight, body composition, lipid profile, and glycemic control.; The effects of high carbohydrate diet on body weight, body composition, lipid profile, and glycemic control.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: obesity; type 2 diabetes; weight loss; monounsaturated fat; diet