The Effects of Instrumental Music on Intraoperative Parameters and Postoperative Pain and Side Effects
Condition: Music and Anesthesia
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The clinical study started after receiving ethical approval from the Clinical Research Ethics
      Committee of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University and obtaining patient consent. Eighty patients with
      an ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) I-II physical status at the ages of 20-60 for
      whom elective thyroidectomy surgery was planned were included in the study. The patients were
      randomly divided into two groups, music group (Group M) and control group (Group K). The
      intraoperative vital signs of the patients (heart rate, blood pressure and saturation),
      bispectral index (BIS) values, train-of-four (TOF) values, additional doses of opioid and
      muscle relaxant needs and complications were recorded. The 0th hour, 3rd hour and 6th hour
      Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores of the patients were measured and recorded. (The 0th hour
      at the end of the operation was accepted as the moment of reaching a Modified Aldrete Score
      of >9)
    

Detailed description: 
      This study was conducted at Yüzüncü Yıl University Dursun Odabaş Medical Center after the
      approval of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee
      and the verbal and written consent of the patients.

      2.1. Population Patients with ASA I-II functional status, aged 20-60 years, who agreed to
      participate in the study and were scheduled for thyroidectomy under general anesthesia under
      elective conditions were included. Patients with emergency and bleeding, those who would
      undergo other surgery, those who refused to participate in the study, those with hearing
      problems, those who could not cooperate (due to dementia, mental retardation, etc.), those
      with drug or alcohol addiction, and obese patients with a BMI≥30 were excluded from the
      study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups as music group (Group M) and
      control group (Group K) by sealed tender. 40 patients in each group and a total of 80
      patients were included in the study. Closed envelopes determining which group the patient
      would belong to were randomly selected by the patient. The patients who would participate in
      the study were evaluated preoperatively in the Anesthesiology and Reanimation outpatient
      clinic the day before and were informed about the study. Except for routine preoperative
      evaluation tests (hemogram, fasting blood sugar, sodium, potassium, calcium, urea,
      creatinine, AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), coagulation
      parameters), no additional tests were requested.

      The demographic data (age, weight, height, gender, body mass index (BMI)) of the patients
      were recorded.

      2.2. Anesthesia Management Routine standard ASA monitoring electrocardiography (ECG),
      peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), non-invasive blood pressure
      monitoring), bispectral index monitoring (A-2000 Aspect medical systems, USA), and
      neuromuscular monitoring (TOF) were performed Systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic
      arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (map), heart rate (HR), SpO2, BIS, and TOF
      values were recorded. Initial values before surgery -5th-minute values were accepted and the
      values were recorded as of the 0th minute after the surgical incision. Measurements were
      taken at 5 minutes intervals in the first half hour after the start of surgery, and then at
      10 minutes intervals.After the patients were placed in the appropriate position, Group M
      patients were fitted with headphones that covered the entire ear and suppressed hearing of
      the sounds in the operating room. The level of the music sound was adjusted to the level
      where patients felt comfortable by asking them before induction. Until the anesthetic gases
      ceased, relaxing instrumental classical music which is selected by us and recorded on the SD
      card, was played during the entire operation.
    

Intervention name(s): music sound therapy
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): investigate the effects of music on intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, anesthesia depth, muscle relaxant consumption, analgesic consumption and pain and side effects (nausea, vomiting, tremor) in the early postoperative period in patients undergoing thyroidectomy operation under general anesthesia.
Intervention model: Single Group Assignment
Intervention model description: Retrospective
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Screening
Keywords: music; anesthesia; Train of four; Bispectral index