The Effect of Music Therapy After Bariatric Surgery on Postoperative Nausea Vomiting and Patient Satisfaction
Condition: Bariatric Surgery
MeSH terms: Vomiting
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      In this study, it was planned to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of music therapy,
      which is a non-pharmacological method, in addition to pharmacological treatment in patients
      with PONV after bariatric surgery, whose application frequency is increasing in the treatment
      of obesity, and to determine its effect on patient satisfaction. The findings of this study
      are considered to be effective in preventing nausea and vomiting, providing patient comfort,
      increasing evidence-based nursing knowledge and increasing the quality of care.
    

Detailed description: 
      Postoperative nausea and vomiting (POBK) according to ASPAN (American Society of
      PeriAnesthesia Nurses) are Nausea and vomiting seen in the first 24 hours after surgery (1).
      While PONV is seen in 20-30% of patients after general anesthesia, this rate increases up to
      80% in high-risk patients (2). PONV, which is the second most common postoperative complaint
      after pain, is a stressful and uncomfortable situation for patients, but it can cause serious
      complications. These complications are; dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, acid-base
      imbalance, pulmonary aspiration, pneumothorax, hypoxia, esophageal rupture, increased
      intracranial pressure, suture rupture, bleeding (3). Due to the long duration of general
      anesthesia and the use of high-dose opioids, the incidence of PONV is higher in some types of
      surgery (eg, abdominal surgeries) (4). Recent studies have shown that laparoscopic,
      gynecological and cholecystectomy surgeries are high-risk surgeries in terms of PONV (5).

      While obesity ranks second among the preventable causes of death in the world, bariatric
      surgery is seen as the most effective method in the treatment of morbid obesity (6).
      Bariatric surgeries are surgeries that carry a high risk in terms of PONC, since they are
      abdominal surgery, performed under general anesthesia, and the laparoscopic method is
      preferred. Antiemetics can be used in high-risk patients after risk factors are determined to
      prevent PONV. However, due to complications, the effectiveness of the use of antiemetic drugs
      in the management of PONC remains limited (7). Published guidelines on PONC management
      recommend the use of non-pharmacological methods in addition to pharmacological treatment in
      patients at high risk for PONV. Some of the complementary methods used to prevent PONV are
      acupuncture, aromatherapy, acupressure, progressive relaxation exercises, hypnosis, massage,
      and music therapy (7). It has been reported in the literature that music therapy is a
      non-pharmacological nursing practice that is used to manage nausea-vomiting and the severity
      of symptoms, has no side effects, is easy to use (8). In addition, it has been noted that
      music therapy has positive effects on analgesic requirement, hospital stay, reducing fatigue
      and the use of antiemetic drugs (8). Çetinkaya's study to determine the effect of music on
      the severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy showed
      that listening to music reduces the severity of nausea and the frequency of nausea (9).
      According to a randomized controlled study conducted by Madson and Silverman in a group of 58
      solid organ transplant patients, less nausea and vomiting were found in the music therapy
      group (10). In a study conducted by Nilsson et al. on hysterectomy patients who underwent
      general anesthesia in the intraoperative period, it was observed that music did not affect
      nausea and vomiting (11). In another study by Laurion and Fetzer, it was reported that music
      had no effect on PONV (12). In the fourth consensus guideline on the treatment of
      postoperative nausea and vomiting, it has been reported that music is not an effective
      prophylactic method for PONV, but this information is based on a single randomized controlled
      study (12,13). When the literature is examined, it has been determined that there is no
      common view on the use of music therapy as a complementary method in the management of PONV
      and more studies should be done on this subject.
    

Intervention name(s): Music Therapy
Intervention type(s): Behavioral
Intervention description(s): Huseyni maqam, Pentatonic music
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention model description: Intervention and Non Intervention Group
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Supportive Care
Keywords: bariatric surgery; music therapy; nausea and vomiting, postoperative; nursing care