Canola Oil Multicentre Intervention Trial
Condition: Metabolic Syndrome
MeSH terms: Metabolic Syndrome
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The purpose of the study is to examine how the consumption of different dietary oil varieties
      affects a broad range of metabolic responses that are important in the development of
      cardiovascular diseases. This study will examine the relationship between dietary oil
      consumption and arterial function, blood fat content, and blood markers of cardiovascular
      disease risk. Additionally, the efficiency of the body in converting fat from dietary oils
      into other specific fat compounds with know health benefits will be examined. Also, the
      correlation between psychosocial parameters and vascular function will be studied.
    

Detailed description: 
      Although consumption of omega-3 fatty acids favorably modulate circulating lipids and
      arterial health, there is confusion surrounding the specific health benefits of plant based
      alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) versus marine derived eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and
      docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This research will examine the health benefits of ALA from
      consumption of diets rich in canola oil, novel monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and DHA
      enriched canola oils, and flax oil compared with a control diet representative of North
      American diets rich in omega-6 and saturated fats. Treatment oils will be examined for
      potential influence on endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidation, body composition,
      and plasma lipoprotein characterization. Furthermore, in an effort to elucidate the genetic
      factors that promote ALA conversion to EPA/DHA and strengthen the role of ALA in
      cardiovascular health, a major objective is to correlate common genetic variants in the fatty
      acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene cluster with ALA
      conversion to EPA/DHA and n-3 fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids in response to
      consumption of the treatment oils. Besides, psychosocial predictors of vascular function will
      be investigated.
    

Intervention name(s): Corn and safflower oil; Canola oil; High oleic acid canola oil; DHA enriched high oleic acid canola oil; Flax and safflower oil
Intervention type(s): Other; Other; Other; Other; Other
Intervention description(s): The oil (60 g/d/3000 kcal) is given in two daily fruit shakes for 4 weeks; The oil (60 g/d/3000 kcal providing 3.8 g ALA) is given in two daily fruit shakes for 4 weeks; The oil (60 g/d/3000 kcal providing 41.2 g oleic acid and 1.2 g ALA) is given in two daily fruit shakes for 4 weeks; The oil (60 g/d/3000 kcal providing 1.2 g of ALA and 3.6 g of DHA) is given in two daily fruit shakes for 4 weeks; The oil (60 g/d/3000 kcal providing 6.9 g of ALA) is given in two daily fruit shakes for 4 weeks
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Prevention
Keywords: Canola oil; High oleic canola oil; Flax oil; ALA; DHA; Metabolic syndrome; Cardiovascular disease; Endothelial function; FADS1; Gut microbiome; Body composition; Psychosocial status; Cholesterol; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Inflammation; Lipid peroxidation