Nimotuzumab in Adults With Pancreatic Cancer
Condition: Pancreatic Cancer, Advanced or Metastatic
MeSH terms: Pancreatic Neoplasms
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3

Summary: 
      CHEMOTHERAPY-NAIVE PATIENTS WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED OR METASTATIC PANCREATIC CANCER
    

Detailed description: 
      Pancreatic cancer is responsible for 227.000 deaths per year, and is the eighth most common
      cause of death from cancer in both sexes combined, a position relatively high when compared
      to incidence (thirteenth position) because of the very poor prognosis (the M/I ratio is 98%)
      (Global Cancer Statistics, 2002). The incidence of pancreatic carcinoma has increased almost
      300% since 1950 and now exceeds the incidence of stomach cancer and cancer of the rectum.
      Carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas is nearly always a fatal disease. The overall 5-year
      survival rate for the disease is 4.1%.

      Locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer is relatively unresponsive to chemotherapy.
      Gemcitabine therapy provides some benefit and modestly improves survival compared with
      fluorouracil, but median survival in patients with advanced disease remains less than 6
      months (Burris et al, 1997). Cytotoxic drug combinations were not able to show survival
      advantage compared to Gemcitabine alone in numerous randomized phase III studies.

      Altered expression or constitutive activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor
      (EGFR/HER1/erbB1) commonly occurs in both primary and metastatic pancreatic cancers and is
      often a critical factor in progressive growth and resistance to normal mechanisms of cell
      death. Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in pancreatic cancer has been correlated
      with tumor aggressiveness.

      Clinical trials already suggest that EGF-R targeted therapy may improve the antitumor
      activity of chemotherapy for treatment of pancreatic carcinoma. Monoclonal antibodies
      specific to EGF-R can be combined safely and effectively with chemotherapy.

      Nimotuzumab (OSAG101, hR3, Theraloc) is a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to
      the EGFR. In preclinical studies the antibody has shown potent antitumor activity. Based on
      phase I data, the recommended dose has been established at 200 mg weekly. A previous phase II
      study in children with high grade brain tumors showed activity of Nimotuzumab as a
      monotherapeutic agent, even in prognostic very unfavourable diffuse, intrinsic pontine
      glioma. No drug related side effects were reported.

      Nimotuzumab (OSAG101, Theraloc) in combination with radiotherapy for treatment of locally
      advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck resulted in high rates of antitumor
      response, and was accompanied by a favourable safety profile. Nimotuzumab (OSAG101, Theraloc)
      has a high hepatic uptake level.

      This randomized, placebo-controlled Phase IIb/IIIa study analyzes the efficacy and safety of
      Nimotuzumab in combination with Gemcitabine for the treatment of chemotherapy-naive patients
      with advanced unresectable or metastatic pancreatic carcinoma.
    

Intervention name(s): Nimotuzumab
Intervention type(s): Drug
Intervention MeSH terms: Nimotuzumab
Keywords: pancreatic cancer