Effectiveness of Teaching Program for the Management of Upper GI Bleeding
Condition: Nurse
MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hemorrhage
Study type: Observational [Patient Registry]

Summary: 
      A study to assess the effectiveness of teaching program for the management of upper GI
      bleeding in terms of gain in nurses' practice and knowledge related to management of upper GI
      bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room at ILBS, New Delhi.

      The study assumes that- The nurses are practising as per their usual nursing practices while
      managing the patients with upper GI bleeding.

      Nursing Personnel have some knowledge in the practice related to management of upper GI
      bleeding among CLD patients.

      The nurses are documenting their nursing intervention correctly. The patient is managed by
      the nurses through a nursing team approach. (Any nursing professional from the nursing team
      can attend to the patient in the emergency room.) Structured teaching program will enhance
      the patient care related to the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease
      patients visiting Emergency Room.

      The study hypothesis is tested at 0.05 level of significance: - H1 - There is a significant
      difference between mean knowledge score of nurses' before and after administration of
      Structured teaching Program as measured by Structured Questionnaire H2 - There is a
      significant difference between mean practice score of nurses' before and after administration
      of Structured teaching Program as measured by observation checklist H3 - There is a
      significant difference between mean practice response time score of nurses' before and after
      administration of Structured teaching Program as measured by observation checklist H4 - There
      is a significant association between nurses' knowledge and selected demographic and clinical
      variables of the patients visiting Emergency Room.
    

Detailed description: 
      A study to assess the effectiveness of teaching program for the management of upper GI
      bleeding in terms of gain in nurses' knowledge and practice related to management of GI
      bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room at ILBS, New Delhi.

      The objectives of the study To determine the nurses' knowledge in the management of upper GI
      bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room before and after the
      administration of the structured teaching programme.

      To determine the nurses' practices and nurses practice response time in the management of
      upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room before and
      after the administration of the structured teaching programme.

      To assess the factors affecting the nurses' practice in the management of upper GI bleeding
      among chronic liver disease patients visiting emergency room.

      To find out the association between nurses' knowledge in the management of upper GI bleeding
      among chronic liver disease patients visiting emergency room and the selected demographic
      variables of the nurses' working in emergency room.

      Operational definition Assess: In this study it refers to evaluating the effectiveness of
      nurses' practice and related factors in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic
      liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room.

      Effectiveness: In this study, it refers to the power of nursing structured teaching program
      to bring about the changes in the nurses' practices measured by significant gain in knowledge
      score and assessed by structured knowledge questionnaire.

      Nurse: In this study, it refers to the staff nurses as well as team leader on duty who are
      actively involved in direct care of CLD patients visiting emergency room with upper GI
      bleeding.

      Practice: In this study, it refers to the performance of requisite interventions by the
      nurses related to management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients
      visiting Emergency Room as measured by observation checklist.

      Knowledge: In this study, it refers to the ability of nurses to respond correctly to
      structured knowledge questionnaire containing knowledge items on management of upper GI
      bleeding among CLD patients, as evident from knowledge scores.

      Response time: In this study, it refers to the time from the arrival of the patient at
      Emergency Room gate till the patient gets a response from the emergency room nursing staff in
      term of implementing requisite nursing intervention(s) in the management of upper GI
      bleeding.

      Factors- In this study, it refers to all those elements in the emergency room and
      characteristics of nurses that may influence the nurse's practice in providing quality care
      to CLD patients visiting Emergency Room with upper GI bleeding and includes their age,
      experience, nurse patient ratio, shift duration, emergency training, physical training,
      administrative policies, education level, knowledge, length of work.

      Upper GI bleeding - In this study, it refers to classic upper GI bleeding symptoms or the
      history of recent upper GI bleeding for which a chronic liver disease patient visits the
      emergency room of ILBS.

      Management of upper GI bleeding - In this study, it refers to all nursing intervention
      towards assessment of early initiation of clinical care and symptom management within the
      emergency room and includes the following: -

        -  Primary assessment,

        -  Resuscitation/stabilisation,

        -  History collection& health assessment,

        -  Supportive treatment,

        -  Transfer and referral. Chronic liver disease - In this study, it refers to patients
           diagnosed with Chronic liver disease and admitted in the emergency room for the
           management of upper GI bleeding.

      Patients - In this study, it refers to the person either male or female who is coming for the
      management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room
      of ILBS hospital during the time of data collection Emergency Room (ER) -In this study, it
      refers to the emergency room of ILBS, New Delhi.

      Structured Teaching Program - In this study, it refers to the structured teaching program
      designed by the researcher for the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver
      disease patients visiting Emergency Room and comprises of a checklist and guidelines.

      Event - In this study, it refers to the visits made by a CLD patients with upper GI bleeding
      to the Emergency department of ILBS from 8 AM to 8 PM Assumptions The study assumes that- The
      nurses are practising as per their usual nursing practices while managing the patients with
      upper GI bleeding.

      Nursing Personnel have some knowledge in the practice related to management of upper GI
      bleeding among CLD patients.

      The nurses are documenting their nursing intervention correctly. The patient is managed by
      the nurses through a nursing team approach. (Any nursing professional from the nursing team
      can attend to the patient in the emergency room.) Structured teaching program will enhance
      the patient care related to the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease
      patients visiting Emergency Room.

      Ethics Committee Clearance The Institutional Review Board clearance was obtained by two
      processes, Scientific Review Committee and Ethics Committee Clearance was obtained from
      Scientific Review Committee and Ethics Committee of College of Nursing, ILBS, and New Delhi.

      Ethics approval to conduct the study was obtained from the college of nursing. All procedures
      to be performed in this study involving human participants are in accordance with the ethical
      standards of the Institutional Ethical Committee as laid down by WHO, ICMR and its later
      amendments. Informed Consent will be taken from each participant after explanation and giving
      Information Sheet Materials and Methods: - Quantitative research approach is used. Research
      Design in the study One group Pre test - Post test design is used

      The symbols used means:

      O1: Assessment of nurses' practices related to management of upper GI bleeding among CLD
      patients before intervention.

      O2: Assessment of nurses' knowledge related to management of upper GI bleeding among CLD
      patients before intervention.

      O3: Assessment of nurses' practices related to management of upper GI bleeding among CLD
      patients after intervention.

      O4: Assessment of nurses' knowledge related to management of upper GI bleeding among CLD
      patients after intervention.

      X: Structured teaching program The present study will be conducted in Emergency Room at ILBS
      hospital. In the present study, population comprises of Nurses working at ILBS. and the
      target population comprises of Nurses working in Emergency Room, and accessible population
      comprises of Nurses' providing care to upper GI bleeding among CLD patients visiting
      Emergency Room at the time of data collection.

      Sample Size:

      Nurses: Total Enumeration. [ 20 nurses} Events: Total Enumeration (Total number of events in
      the morning, evening and night shifts during data collection period will be observed i.e., 35
      events).

      Source of data Data will be collected from the study participants, nurses' record and
      observation method The variables used in this study is Research variables i.e. Independent
      Variable: Structured teaching program

      Dependent Variable:

      Knowledge of nurses regarding management of upper GI bleeding. Practices of nurses and their
      response time regarding management of upper GI bleeding.

      Factors affecting nurses' practices in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic
      liver disease patients.

      Sociodemographic variables of nurses. Process of Data Collection For the final study, the
      data was collected in the month of November, 2021 in the Emergency Room, ILBS, New Delhi.
      Formal permission will be obtained from concerned authority to conduct the study. CLD
      patients who are coming to emergency unit with upper GI bleeding. Observation of nurses'
      practice were done by observation checklist from the time of receiving the patients from the
      entrance of emergency unit till the referral to endoscopy or ward/ICU for further management.
      Total enumeration sampling technique was used and those nursing personnel who will meet the
      selection criteria will be recruited. Participant information sheet will be provided to each
      participant to read followed by clear explanation of their rights and clarification of their
      queries. Informed consent was signed and taken from every participant.

      During data collection period, nursing personnel was asked to fill their demographic profile
      data. Then principal investigator had assessed their practice using observation checklist
      followed by assessment of knowledge using structured knowledge questionnaire. The structured
      teaching programme was administered to nursing personnel in a group of 3 to 4 person. After
      administration of teaching programme, principal investigator reassessed the practice and
      knowledge of nursing personnel.

      Tool for Data Collection:

      These tools was selected after extensive review of literatures and expert's guidance.

      Tool 1: Structured questionnaire to assess the Part-1: selected Socio-Demographic profile
      Part-2: knowledge of Nurses' regarding management of upper GI bleeding Part-3: factors
      affecting nurses' practices in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver
      disease patients visiting Emergency Room.

      Tool 2: Observation checklist with response time to assess the nurses' practice while
      managing patient with upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting
      emergency room.
    

Observational model: Case-Only
Time perspective: Other
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        The staff nurses as well as team leader on duty who are actively involved in direct care of
        CLD patients visiting emergency room with upper GI bleeding.
      
Keywords: Effectiveness; management of upper GI bleeding; planned teaching program; response time; nurses