Compatibility of Participation Levels of Adolescents With Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder
Condition: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
MeSH terms: Hyperkinesis; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      The goal of this study is to assess the agreement between the outcomes of adolescents with
      attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who participated in Participation and
      Environment Measurement Child & Youth (PEM-CY) by the adolescent and primary caregiver. There
      are a few studies in the literature that look at the participation of teenagers with ADHD,
      but none that look at the participation of adolescents with ADHD from both the perspective of
      the adolescents and the primary caregivers. The primary caregiver's measurement results and
      the adolescents' measurements do not concur, according to this study's hypothesis.
    

Detailed description: 
      Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental
      disorders in childhood. In addition to fundamental symptoms like inattention and
      hyperactivity/impulsivity, ADHD can be accompanied by a variety of diseases. Adolescents with
      ADHD are less likely to participate in activities at home, school, or in the community as a
      result of this. In comparison to children without ADHD, Shimoni et al. found that children
      with ADHD participate less frequently in most leisure activities, like formal leisure
      activities less, and have a lower desire for participation in specific leisure activities,
      such as physical and social leisure activities.

      Adolescents and their primary caregivers have disagreements on a variety of topics. This
      disagreement is also likely to arise when it comes to choose who will participate.
      Furthermore, while measuring the level of engagement, the need of gathering information from
      various sources is clear. The Participation and Environment Measurement-Children and Youth
      (PEM-CY) is a scale that evaluates parents' or caregivers' involvement with children and
      young people in the home, school, and community. Adolescents with ADHD had lower levels of
      participation in the home, school, and community than control groups, according to research.
      However, no study analyzing this level of bidirectional participation could be found in the
      existing literature (adolescent-primary caregivers).

      As a result, the primary goal of this study is to examine the participation of adolescents
      with ADHD from the perspectives of adolescents and primary caregivers using The Participation
      and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY), as well as to demonstrate the
      agreement between these two evaluations. Furthermore, it will be compared to healthy controls
      in terms of participation and agreement rates.
    

Observational model: Case-Control
Time perspective: Cross-Sectional
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Adolescents with ADHD at 12-17 years old and their parents. Healthy adolescents at aged
        7-12 years old and their parents.
      
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; adolescent; participation; PEM-CY