Effect of a Nutritional Intervention That Incorporates the Transtheoretical Model
Condition: Adherence to Fad Diet (Symptom)
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Cardiovascular diseases are the main responsible for the global burden of disease for
      non-communicable diseases. Its treatment and prevention is aimed at generating changes in the
      habits of life; however, the percentages of non-adherence are very high. The objective of the
      study was to evaluate the effect of a nutritional intervention in patients with
      cardiovascular risk that incorporates the transtheoretical model and motivational interviews
      on the progression in the stages of change to improve adherence to healthy eating. Methods:
      the investigators included 105 patients who came to the first time at clinical nutrition
      service in external consultation of National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition
      Salvador Zubirán, were randomized to intervention group or control group and the stage of
      change of the transtheoretical model, presence or absence of anxiety and depression,
      anthropometry, blood pressure, physical activity, and food frequency, to determine the
      quality and quantity of food intake, were evaluated. Used X² and t-test for the comparison of
      baseline data between groups and repeated measures ANOVA to assess differences in
      post-intervention.
    

Detailed description: 
      The investigators included 105 patients that were randomized to intervention group or control
      group. The control group comprised 41 patients, that continued with the usual intervention of
      Clinical Nutrition Service in external consultation, attending once a month to receive
      nutritional intervention with the prescription of a hypocaloric diet on the part of the
      nutritionist. And the intervention group made up of 42 patients using the TM and MI through
      sessions group and sessions individual with topics of healthy eating habits taught by a
      nutritionist, physical activity and exercise manual taught by a physical therapist,
      preparation of healthy food with menu taught by graduates in gastronomy and confrontation of
      barriers given by a psychologist.

      Both groups had a monthly monitoring for 3 months. The diet that was prescribed to the
      intervention group was with the characteristics of the DASH diet, according to the most
      recent international guides of the ACC and AHA, for the reduction of cardiovascular risk.

      Once included in the study were applied to the following questionnaires to identify the stage
      of change according to the TM; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) to evaluate the
      presence of anxiety and depression; 24-hours recall of multiple steps; Food consumption
      frequency to determine the quantity and quality of food intake and the Rapid Assessment
      Physical Activity Scale (RAPA), to determine the type, duration and intensity of physical
      activity of the subject. In addition, we measured weight, height, waist circumference, hip,
      and blood pressure.

      Finally were described and analyzed each of the variables according to the visits in which
      patients were cited.
    

Intervention name(s): The Transtheoretical Model
Intervention type(s): Behavioral
Intervention description(s): Intervention with the Transtheoretical Model, through group and individual sessions with topics of healthy eating habits taught by a dietician, physical activity and exercise manual taught by a physical therapist, preparation of healthy food with menu taught by graduates in gastronomy, confrontation of barriers given by a psychologist. This group had a monthly monitoring during 3 months. The food plan that was prescribed to the intervention group was with the characteristics of the DASH diet, according to the most recent international guides of the ACC and AHA, for the reduction of cardiovascular risk.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single (Investigator)
Primary purpose: Treatment