Appetite Suppression Effects of an Herbal Combination of Yerba maté, Guarana, Damiana (YGD), and 12 Other Herbal Components, Versus YGD Supplementation Alone
Condition: Obesity
MeSH terms: Obesity
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Background:

      Supplementation with the combination of Yerba maté, guarana and damiana (YGD) has been found
      to slow gastric emptying by 15 to 58%, and to induce a substantial weight loss over 45 days
      without changes in diet. Enhanced gastric emptying rate has been shown to reduce the
      satiating effect of food and may thereby promote obesity. Yerba maté and guarana are known to
      contain large amounts of caffeine, resins, saponins and tannins, whereas damiana contains
      ethereal oils, tannins and resins. Caffeine belongs to a class of compounds called
      methylxanthines and epidemiological studies suggest that caffeine might possess weight
      reducing properties. The sympathomimetic properties of caffeine act to some extent through α-
      and β-adrenoreceptors, but most of the sympathoadrenergic stimulation caused by caffeine
      (even in very small doses) acts through the dual ability to antagonise adenosine and to
      inhibit the activity of cellular cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Stimulation of the
      sympathetic nervous system can cause suppression of hunger, enhance satiety and increase of
      energy expenditure covered in part by increased fat oxidation.

      Aim:

      To evaluate the effect of YGD combination or Akavar 20-50 (A20-50) compared with placebo on:

        1. Acute change in 4-h subjective appetite sensations

        2. Acute change in ad libitum energy intake (EI) 30 minutes post intake

        3. Acute change in serum glucose, insulin, ghrelin and other appetite-regulating hormones
           (glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin (CCK))

      Subjects:

      19 , healthy, premenopausal, overweight to obese (BMI between 27 and 32 kg/m2) women(age: 18
      to 45 years).

      Method:

      The study is designed as a 3-way crossover, randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind
      study.

      The bioactive components will be administered as capsules containing YGD or A20-50. The
      placebo capsules will contain rice flower. The subjects will undergo following treatments:

        1. YGD capsules

        2. A20-50 capsules

        3. Placebo capsules

      On each test day the subjects will be instructed to rest in a supine position for 15 minutes
      before dual measures of blood pressure and HR. A blood sample will be taken (baseline). The
      subject's appetite sensations will also be assessed by visual analogue scales (VAS) prior to
      intake of the test compound. Immediately hereafter the subjects will be served the first dose
      of the test compound. Blood samples will be taken at 15 and 30 minutes (time 0) post test
      compound. After 30 minutes post test compound the subjects will be given a standard breakfast
      (2.5 MJ = 598 kcal). Additional blood samples will be taken 15 minutes 30, 45, 60, 90, 120,
      150, 180 and 240 minutes post-meal, together with a VAS appetite score assessment (0, 30, 45,
      60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 minutes).

      Immediately after the last blood collection subjects will be asked to take a second dose of
      the test compound. After 30 minutes the subjects will repeat one VAS score assessment and be
      served an ad libitum lunch.

      Blood samples will be analyzed for insulin, glucose, and appetite regulating hormones such as
      glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK).
    


Intervention name(s): Appetite suppressant properties of YGD and A20-50
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): 3-arm crossover study for investigation of the effect of herbal supplements A20-50 compared to YGD blend and placebo on subjective appetite sensations, glucose, insulin, ghrelin, GLP-1, CCK and ad libitum energy intake
Intervention MeSH terms: Appetite Depressants
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Keywords: obesity; herbal bioactive compounds; appetite; GLP-1; ghrelin; CCK