Effects of Amino Acid/Electrolyte-based Beverages on Hydration Status
Condition: Dehydration
MeSH terms: Dehydration
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Older adults typically do not drink later in the day to avoid the necessity of interrupting
      sleep to urinate. Sometimes they also limit ingestion of fluids to avoid the need to urinate
      when engaged in certain activities such as traveling or attending an event. Therefore,
      beverages that have greater fluid retention in the body leading to a more sustained positive
      hydration status could be advantageous in such situations. The composition of a beverage as
      well as other factors such as volume ingested and metabolism of components can affect the
      retention of the fluid in the body. Age may be another factor. The beverage hydration index
      (BHI), first described in 2016, was used to indicate the hydration response to thirteen
      well-known beverages in young male adults. The current study assesses the BHI of four
      beverages and how that response is affected by age following the standardized protocol. The
      four beverages have been chosen for inclusion in this study because they have been used by
      older adults to prevent dehydration.
    

Detailed description: 
      Subjects sign an informed consent form and undergo a medical screening prior to
      participation. The screening includes a physical exam, anthropometry, chemical and lipid
      profiles, as well as measures of liver and renal function. The subjects are assigned to one
      of two groups based upon age.

      Subjects participate in five experimental trials, one for each of the five beverages. The
      beverages are commercially-available and contain ingredients that are generally recognized as
      safe (GRAS). The order of the beverages is randomized. The list of ingredients on the bottle
      containing the beverage is obscured. The trials are identical and separated by at least five
      days. For each experiment, baseline measurements are conducted. Then the subjects consume one
      liter of the test beverage over thirty minutes. Additional measurements are performed thirty
      minutes post ingestion and then every hour for four hours post ingestion.

      This study yields two BHI numbers for each beverage, one number for each study-group. The BHI
      numbers are indicative of the amount of fluid remaining in the body four hours after
      consumption of the beverage. The BHI number is inversely related to the amount of urine
      produced over the four hours. A greater BHI number indicates better fluid retention and
      maintenance of plasma volume.
    

Intervention name(s): Distilled water; Medical Food 1; Medical Food 2; Pedialyte; Gatorade
Intervention type(s): Other; Other; Other; Other; Other
Intervention description(s): Commercially available beverage
Subjects collect all morning urine and drink 500 milliliters of water. Baseline vital measurements (heart rate, blood pressure, oral temperature) and body weight collected Baseline blood samples and urine collected Beverage pretreatment consumed (1 liter over 30 minutes) Body weight measured and blood and urine collected at 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, and then every 30 minutes for 4 hours post beverage consumption; Commercially available beverage
Subjects collect all morning urine and drink 500 milliliters of water. Baseline vital measurements (heart rate, blood pressure, oral temperature) and body weight collected Baseline blood samples and urine collected Beverage pretreatment consumed (1 liter over 30 minutes) Body weight measured and blood and urine collected at 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, and then every 30 minutes for 4 hours post beverage consumption; Commercially available beverage
Subjects collect all morning urine and drink 500 milliliters of water. Baseline vital measurements (heart rate, blood pressure, oral temperature) and body weight collected Baseline blood samples and urine collected Beverage pretreatment consumed (1 liter over 30 minutes) Body weight measured and blood and urine collected at 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, and then every 30 minutes for 4 hours post beverage consumption; Commercially available beverage
Subjects collect all morning urine and drink 500 milliliters of water. Baseline vital measurements (heart rate, blood pressure, oral temperature) and body weight collected Baseline blood samples and urine collected Beverage pretreatment consumed (1 liter over 30 minutes) Body weight measured and blood and urine collected at 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, and then every 30 minutes for 4 hours post beverage consumption; Commercially available beverage
Subjects collect all morning urine and drink 500 milliliters of water. Baseline vital measurements (heart rate, blood pressure, oral temperature) and body weight collected Baseline blood samples and urine collected Beverage pretreatment consumed (1 liter over 30 minutes) Body weight measured and blood and urine collected at 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, and then every 30 minutes for 4 hours post beverage consumption
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Crossover Assignment
Intervention model description: Two groups of subjects (young, older) participate in five experiments, one for each of five beverage pretreatments. Pretreatments are consumed immediately prior to the experiment. The experiments are conducted in randomized order. The trials are identical and separated by at least five days.
Masking: Double (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Basic Science
Keywords: Hydration; Plasma Volume; Amino acids; Glucose; Electrolytes; Fluid Retention; Aging; Beverage Hydration Index; Dehydration; Oral Rehydration