Evolution of Maternal Weight During Pregnancy and Influence on the Endothelial Function in Her Offspring
Condition: Endothelial Dysfunction; Childhood Obesity
MeSH terms: Obesity; Pediatric Obesity
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The rising worldwide prevalence of obesity and its subsequently rising incidence of
      concommitant diseases as diabetes and cardiovascular events impose a defiant obstacle for the
      health care and associated health care costs of future generations. Obese pregnant women are
      a growing population of interest because their offspring is at risk for childhood obesity, an
      adverse metabolic and inflammatory profile and possible endothelial dysfunction. However,
      strong evidence is still lacking regarding the hypotheses on the early origin of these
      long-term health consequences.

      Consequently there is no comprehensive data available on the contribution of changing
      maternal weight through lifestyle interventions or bariatric surgery and an eventual adverse
      metabolic and endothelial programming of the offspring.

      The investigators of this study want to provide additional data on the body composition,
      metabolic and inflammatory state as well as endothelial function of children of obese
      pregnant women women and compare the outcome with children born from normal weight women.
      Furthermore, the investigators of this study will stratify the obese pregnant women into 3
      groups: women who did not underwent an intervention, women who underwent a weight changing
      intervention during pregnancy e.g. diet or lifestyle intervention and women who underwent
      bariatric surgery before pregnancy. The overall aim of the study is to prove that in all the
      diverse groups of participating children, except the control group, there will be a certain
      grade of endothelial dysfunction, even if there was a normalization of weight, insulin
      sensitivity and inflammation before conception or delivery in the mother.
    


Intervention name(s): Parental questionnaires; Blood sample; Urine sample; Anthropometric measurements; Ultrasound; EndoPAT; Faces Pain Scale
Intervention type(s): Other; Other; Other; Other; Other; Other; Other
Intervention description(s): We will provide parents with questionnaires depending on the age of their children:
Children aged 0-6 years old:
Questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics
Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire
Food Frequency Questionnaire
Ages and Stages Questionnaire
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
Questionnaire on developmental milestones
Questionnaire on behaviour
Children older than 6 years:
Questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics
Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire
Food Frequency Questionnaire
Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire
Children's Behaviour Questionnaire in Dutch
Questionnaire on developmental milestones
Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; We will determine the following biochemical parameters: glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, uric acid, IGF-1, adiponectin, leptin, hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and ICAM-1.; We will take a urine sample to evaluate the albumin to creatinin ratio.; We will measure weight, Height, hip, waist and neck circumference, blood pressure, 4-site skinfold measurements and BIA.; We will do an abdominal ultrasound to measure the abdominal fat accumulation; We will use the EndoPAT device to measure endothelial function, which is a non-invasive and innovative technique (peripheral pulse wave amplitude measurement).; After performing the measurements with the EndoPAT device, Harpender kalliper and ultrasound, the children will be asked to fill out a Faces Pain Scale, validated for children aged 4-16 years old and obtained for use from the International Association for the Study of Pain
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Screening
Keywords: Maternal Obesity; Endothelial Dysfunction; Childhood Obesity