Motor Imagery in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Condition: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
MeSH terms: Muscular Dystrophies; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      Motor imagery (MI) can be defined as a dynamic process in which the person is mentally
      stimulated without performing the given motor movement. Studies of imagery; demonstrated that
      it alters a person's ability to learn, performance skills, and important cognitive skills
      (self-efficacy, self-confidence, effort, motivation). In recent years, it has been shown that
      motor imagery techniques are used for therapeutic purposes as a current neurorehabilitation
      approach and that imagery can have positive effects on improving motor activity and
      functions. However, it has been reported that the biggest difficulty in the use of imagery
      techniques is the inability to determine to what extent the individual can perform mental
      representation of movements. For this reason, it is thought that it is necessary to evaluate
      the motor imagery ability first in order to identify the patients who are suitable for motor
      imagery training. The Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ) is a motor imagery
      questionnaire developed for individuals with limited mobility for different reasons. The
      questionnaire assesses both the visual and kinesthetic dimensions of motor imagery. of the
      KVIQ; It has also been shown in the literature that it is a valid and reliable questionnaire
      that enables the appropriate evaluation of motor imagery in different neurological disease
      groups such as Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. However, the literature
      When examined, no evidence was found about the motor imagery ability of individuals with
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). It is foreseen that KVIQ will be especially suitable for
      patients with DMD of different functional levels, since all its items have been developed to
      be applied to people with limited physical mobility or physically disabled people in a
      sitting position. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to investigate the validity and
      reliability of the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire for patients with DMD.
    

Detailed description: 
      DMD and age matched healthy individuals will be participate the study between the ages of 7
      and 18 years.

      Children who cannot cooperate with the physiotherapist adequately and who have had any injury
      and/or surgery to the lower/upper extremities in the last 6 months will not be included in
      the study.
    

Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), X-linked recessive It is a genetic disease that is
        inherited and has a prevalence of approximately 1/3600-6000 live male births. The disorder
        is caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene located on the X chromosome, resulting in
        complete or partial absence of the dystrophin protein in the cell membrane, resulting in
        irreversible progressive loss of functional abilities. The symptoms are manifested by gait
        disturbance between 3-5 years of age, primarily due to progressive weakness in the proximal
        muscles. Delayed gait, toe walking, duck-like gait, difficulty climbing stairs and running
        are early signs of Gower's sign. Gait begins to deteriorate between the ages of 3 and 6,
        and patients become wheelchair dependent at around 10-12 years of age.