Effects of Compression Mobilization in OA Patients
Condition: Osteo Arthritis Knee
MeSH terms: Osteoarthritis; Osteoarthritis, Knee
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The study Design was randomized control trial in which data was collected From Riphah
      Rehabilitation And Research Center and Pakistan Railway Hospital-IIMCT. Convenient sampling
      technique was used for data collection. 39 patients having knee osteoarthritis were recruited
      in this study. After taking consent from patients, patients were divided randomly into two
      groups through lottery method. The Experimental Group received compression mobilization with
      Conventional Physiotherapy (n = 19) and the Control group received Conventional Physiotherapy
      (n = 20). Research data was collected through structural questionnaire. the main variables
      were ROM, MMT, Muscle length and mBBS.
    

Detailed description: 
      Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease which since long times is considered to be a "wear and tear"
      malfunctioning disease leading to a loss of cartilage. Osteoarthritis is considered as a
      "degenerative joint disease Osteoarthritis is a term used for disease in which destruction of
      cartilage is involved (articular), with a bone thickening (subchondral) and formation of new
      bone. . Joint swelling is also considered as one significant clinical feature of
      osteoarthritis attributes to inflammation. Osteoarthritis is one of the most common type in
      arthritis as well as the major cause of chronic musculoskeletal pain. In addition it is
      attributed to mobility disability in the elder or high aged population all over the world. If
      we have a glimpse of Asia, prevalence rate of knee osteoarthritis is believed to be higher in
      the elder population most probably in women. Susan et all conducted a mega level study
      related to symptomatic OA, where it has been observed that there is an increasing shift in
      the incidental rates of OA with the age. So, it was concluded that incidence related to knee
      OA in women limiting the age between 70-89, approached per year is 1% in women and they had
      the higher rates as compared to males, especially once they are over 50 years of age.
      Levelling-off or declining shift tends to occur for both groups approximately at the age of
      80. Research says that in China, this prevailing rate of mentioned osteoarthritis disease is
      7.50%, with a ratio of 10.9 & 13.6% in males and females respectively. Bangladesh and India
      reports 5.80 & 10.20% respectively. Now considering mainland of Pakistan, 28% urban whereas
      25% rural population suffer this particular disease.

      Women are likely to suffer more with the OA as compared to men and they also tend to undergo
      the disease of OA with more severity. The marked increase of OA in females at menopause
      stages has directed towards investigational hypothesis that hormonal imbalance factor may
      perform a significant role for the developing of OA. However, results appearing on estrogen
      effects, either it's endogenous or exogenous, on OA as revealed from various observational
      researches have been contradictory. In a randomize clinical trials(the Heart and
      Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study) considering the group of elder postmenopausal females
      suffering from heart disease, none significant variation was observed in persistence of knee
      pain or any associated disability while comparing those undergoing estrogen plus progestin
      therapy or those taking placebo.

      The prevalence of OA disease and joints patterns that are effected by OA possibly vary
      amongst the ethnic and racial groups. The frequency of Hand and Hip OA was found remarkably
      less in Chinese, concluded in the Beijing Osteoarthritis Study, in resemblance to whites
      researched under Framingham Study. it's important to mention that Chinese females observed
      under the Beijing Osteoarthritis Study had considerably high prevalence of both symptomatic
      knee OA and radiographic knee OA as compared to white females at Framingham Study. Results
      while having consideration of Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project have showed the
      prevalence of hip OA in African American females(23%) was similar to that in white ladies
      (22%), with a conclusion that prevalence was a bit higher in African American men (21%) than
      that in white.

      Result of various studies showed that dietary factor is a subject of considerable interest
      related to OA affected individuals. Vitamin D is considered as most advantageous nutritional
      factor for OA patients. Insufficiency of this specified vitamin will lead to bones thinness,
      brittleness or any mishaps.

      Corpulence (Obesity leading to overweight) have since long been predicted as the most potent
      risk factor to OA, especially knee OA. A more consistence and reliable evidence found is that
      the alarming effects occurs due to obesity are the risks of bi-lateral radiography and
      symptomatic hip OA. So, it is considered that application of increased loads on joints is
      probably a major cause, but not necessarily, a mechanism by which the obesity results into
      hip or knee OA. Whereas, an application of overloading the knee and hip joints could possibly
      directed towards synovial joint breakdown and failure of ligamentous as well as other
      structural support.

      A lot many studies provides evidence that knee injury is surely one of the strongest factor
      for risking OA. Severe conditions of injury to joints structures, particularly mentioning the
      meniscal tear that requiring meniscectomy, or trans-articular fracture or anterior cruciate
      ligament injury; may these all results into increased risk involvement of OA development and
      also musculoskeletal symptomatology.

      Repeated use of particular joints for work is marked with the increasing risk of OA. The risk
      factor involved in the development of knee OA was at least two times more for men whose
      consistency in jobs require both kneeling and carrying or squatness in a mid-life would
      definitely have more risk of developing OA by the nature of their commitments as compared to
      women whose job commitments do not offer these physical activities in common. Therefore, its
      a must mention that knee OA risks which are associated with squatness or kneeling are much
      higher amongst those who are overweighed or who are indulgent in lifting.
    

Intervention name(s): conventional physiotherapy; compression mobilization
Intervention type(s): Other; Other
Intervention description(s): Ultrasound therapy 3-4 minutes.
Tibiofemoral AP and PA glides 1 set x10reps x 3 sets.
Patellar glides 1 set x 5 reps x 3 sets.
Quads isometrics 1 set x 10 reps.
Hams self stretching 1 sets x 10 reps.
Home plan:
Quads isometrics 1 set x 10 reps.
Hams self stretching 1 sets x 10 reps.
Active range of motion.; Ultrasound therapy 3-4 minutes.
Tibiofemoral AP and PA glides 1 set x10reps x 3 sets.
Patellar glides 1 set x 5 reps x 3 sets.
Quads isometrics 1 set x 10 reps.
Hams self stretching 1 sets x 10 reps.
Compression mobilization 1 set x 10 reps x 3sets.
Home plan:
Quads isometrics 1 set x 10 reps.
Hams self stretching 1 sets x 10 reps.
Active range of motion.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention model description: The experimental Group received compression mobilization with Conventional Physiotherapy and the control group received Conventional Physiotherapy
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: NPRS, mBBS, MMT, O.A