Dexmedetomidine Addition to Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block
Condition: Children With Fracture Femur
MeSH terms: Fractures, Bone; Femoral Fractures
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 1

Summary: 
      Fractures of the shaft of femur (FSF) are common in children, especially isolated fractures
      of the mid-third of the femur which are intensely painful. The pain of the fracture is
      thought to originate from the femoral shaft periosteum and muscle spasm from the quadriceps
      mechanism. Fascia iliaca compartment block FIC is easy and simple technique, there is no need
      for high-skill or expensive equipments. It has higher success rate in more than 90%of the
      children thigh procedures.

      Potentially dexmedetomidine has become an alternative to clonidine, it is a highly selective
      α2 agonist having about an 8-10 times affinity for α2 adrenergic receptors than clonidine and
      much less α1 effects, which is responsible for the hypnotic and analgesic effects. Perinural
      dexmedetomidine in combination with bupivacaine or ropivacaine enhance sensory and motor
      block without neurotoxicity in experimental studies.It has been reported to improve the
      quality of intrathecal, Epidural, and caudal anesthesia in children. Also, it is safe and
      effective in IV regional anesthetic and axillary block in adult. No study-up to the date -has
      been carried to evaluate its effect on the character of fascia iliaca compartment blocks as
      adjuvant to bupivacaine. The objectives of this study were designed to detect the effects of
      addition dexmedetomidine (Precedex- Abbot) as adjuvant to bupivacaine for fascia iliaca block
      on the quality of postoperative analgesia and also to determine its effects on the
      hemodynamics, recovery behaviors, sedation and possible side effects in children undergoing
      thigh surgeries (fracture femur).
    

Detailed description: 
      All the patients were premedicated with oral midazolam 0.5 mg/kg,1 hour prior to induction.
      General anesthesia was induced by inhaled sevoflurane.

      Laryngeal mask airway with appropriate-size for body weight was slipped, then an intravenous
      line was inserted,anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane (Minimum Alveolar Concentration
      (MAC)from 1-1.5 in air/oxygen to maintain the Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood
      pressure (MAP) within 20% of their baseline values.

      A rescue dose of fentanyl 0.5 µg/kg was given if the MAC of sevoflurane exceeded 1.7 whereas
      HR and MAP exceeded 20% of their baseline values.

      Fascia iliaca compartment block was performed as described by Dalens et al technique.

      An axillary nerve block needle was inserted with an angle of 45±60º with the skin at
      (0.5±1cm) below the inguinal crease at the junction of the medial two-thirds and the lateral
      one-third of the line between the pubic tubercle and anterior superior iliac spine.

      The needle was advanced until the perception of two losses of resistance (pop) was noted
      which corresponded to the crossing of fascia lata and then fascia iliaca.

      Hypotension was defined as systolic arterial pressure 70 plus twice the age in years and
      associated with altered peripheral perfusion.

      Bradycardia was defined as HR below 80 beats/min. Delayed anesthetic emergence was defined as
      20 min elapsing from the end of surgery to exiting the operating theater.
    

Intervention name(s): Fascia iliaca compartment block; Fascia iliaca block
Intervention type(s): Procedure; Procedure
Intervention description(s): Fascia iliaca compartment block was performed as described by Dalens et al technique.; Fascia iliaca compartment block was performed as described by Dalens et al technique.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Prevention
Keywords: Fascia iliaca block; dexmetomidine; fracture femur; α2 agonist