Control of Cognition (Naltrexone, Methylphenidate, and ADHD Study (NMAS))
Condition: Healthy; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
MeSH terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 4

Summary: 
      The goal of this research is to understand the functioning of 'regulatory circuits' in the
      brain. We are also interested in how the medications methylphenidate and naltrexone affect
      these regulatory circuits. This research study will use a scanning technique known as
      functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) which takes a special kind of picture of the
      brain that enables us to "see the brain at work". Adult participants will be given a one-time
      dose of either methylphenidate, naltrexone,or placebo before each fMRI scan session.

      The main purpose for this research is to better understand the functioning of regulatory
      circuits in healthy individuals and individuals with psychiatric disorders. This research may
      one day help us develop better treatments for these disorders.
    

Detailed description: 
      The goal of this research is to understand the functioning of 'regulatory circuits' in the
      brain. These are brain circuits which allow a person to regulate their attention, regulate
      their behavioral responses, and regulate their decision-making. We are also interested in how
      the medications methylphenidate and naltrexone affect these regulatory circuits.
      Methylphenidate is a widely-used, FDA approved medication used to treat Attention Deficit
      Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and is also known as Ritalin. Naltrexone is an FDA approved
      medication used to help treat alcohol and substance abuse.

      This research study will use a scanning technique known as functional magnetic resonance
      imaging (fMRI)which takes a special kind of picture of the brain that enables us to "see the
      brain at work". Adult participants will be given a one-time dose of either methylphenidate,
      naltrexone,or placebo before each fMRI scan session. There are three total fMRI scan
      sessions. Therefore, each participant will receive each possible medication/placebo only
      once.

      Using the fMRI technique, the main purpose of this research is to better understand the
      functioning of regulatory circuits in healthy individuals and individuals with psychiatric
      disorders. This research may one day help us develop better treatments for these disorders.
    

Intervention name(s): Methylphenidate; Naltrexone; Placebo
Intervention type(s): Drug; Drug; Drug
Intervention description(s): One dose 40mgs of methylphenidate one hour before fMRI scanning.; One dose 40mgs of naltrexone one hour before fMRI scanning.; One dose of placebo one hour before fMRI scanning.
Other intervention name(s): Ritalin; ReVia; sugar pill
Intervention MeSH terms: Naltrexone; Methylphenidate
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)
Primary purpose: Basic Science
Keywords: Methylphenidate; Naltrexone; Placebo; Neuroimaging; Prefrontal Control Circuits; Attention Control; Motor Control; Appetitive Control