The Effect of Hypnosis in Fibromyalgia
Condition: Analgesia; Anxiety; Depression; Hypnosis
MeSH terms: Fibromyalgia; Myofascial Pain Syndromes; Depression; Anxiety Disorders
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic disease characterized by widespread pain of unknown
      origin, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive problems. In the treatment of FMS, it is
      known that pharmacological therapy reduces fatigue as well as pain, increases functionality,
      and has positive effects on general well-being. In functional magnetic resonance imaging
      (fMRI) studies, suggestion following hypnotic induction has been reported to be better at
      pain control in patients with FMS. Self-hypnosis is a technique performed by the patient
      himself. The patients were randomly divided into two groups using the closed envelope
      technique as Group 1: Hypnosis and Group 2: Control. Patients who had communication problems,
      had other rheumatological diseases, had major medical disease and received treatment, had
      neurological and/or central nervous system disease, had been using antipsychotic medication,
      had been treated with psychotherapy for the last three months, and did not want to
      participate in the study were excluded from the study. Demographic characteristics of the
      participants and fibromyalgia effect beck depression and anxiety scale, Nottingham health
      profile and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were applied and the results were recorded. At the
      end of the 6th month, all scales and patient controls were made and re-evaluated.

      In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of controlled, standardized adjuvant hypnosis
      on pain, depression, anxiety, aerobic exercise practices, quality of life, and disease impact
      score in patients with FMS who had been under treatment for at least six months.
    

Detailed description: 
      In the hypnosis group, the patients received hypnosis sessions of approximately 30 minutes
      each, in groups of three, once a week. During the first meeting with the hypnotist,
      information on hypnosis was given, and the method to be used was explained. Hypnosis was
      performed by a single practitioner. The first session included hypnosis induction,
      progressive muscular relaxation, and introduction to hypnosis. In the second session, in
      addition to the brief repetition of the first session, self-hypnosis training was given. The
      third session was applied the same way as the second session. While the hypnosis session
      focused on relaxation and pain, aerobic exercises were also suggested as a regular practice.
      In addition, self-hypnosis practices were suggested at least three days a week.The results of
      the scales administered to the participants at baseline were recorded, and these evaluations
      were repeated at the end of the sixth month. During the six-month period, all patients
      continued their current medical therapy.

      This is a randomized study showing the effects of standardized hypnosis and self-hypnosis as
      adjuvant on VAS, FIQ, depression, anxiety and NHL in patients with FMS.
    

Intervention name(s): Hypnosis
Intervention type(s): Behavioral
Intervention description(s): In the hypnosis group, patients were given hypnosis sessions of approximately 30 minutes each, in groups of three, once a week. In this way, session standardization was achieved. Arm catalepsy was suggested in all patients. The first session was used as hypnosis induction, progressive muscular relaxation and introduction to hypnosis. In the second session, in addition to the first session, self-hypnosis training was given. The second session was applied as the same 3rd session. In these patients, in addition to analgesia suggestions, the feeling of worthlessness was especially studied with the recommendation of a psychiatrist.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Care Provider, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: fibromyalgia; hypnosis; depression; anxiety; analgesia