The Relationship Between the Differences in Blood Cytokine Values in Breast Cancers.
Condition: Breast Cancer
MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      While classification of malignant breast tumors has traditionally been made according to
      their histological appearance, nowadays some subtypes have been defined according to their
      molecular features. The different behaviors of tumors in the luminal group necessitated the
      need to separate this group into luminal A and B subtypes. Luminal A group has the highest
      prevalence among breast cancers; It includes Her2 negative tumors with low proliferative
      activity, mitosis rate and low histological grade. The prognosis of patients with luminal A
      tumors is very good and metastases are often limited to bones. Luminal-B tumors are more
      aggressive. There are some studies investigating the relationship between blood cytokine
      levels (TGFβ1, IFNγ) and breast cancer. Human studies have generally evaluated a limited
      number of cytokines. The study evaluating the largest number of different cytokines was an
      animal study, and 24 different cytokine levels were compared with healthy control rats with
      breast cancer. Our aim in this study is to evaluate the relationship between the differences
      in blood cytokine values and disease stage in Luminal A, Luminal B, and triple negative
      breast cancers.
    

Detailed description: 
      Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and the second most common cause of
      death after lung cancer. In epidemiological studies, its prevalence is 22-26%, and the risk
      of mortality due to breast cancer is around 18%. While classification of malignant breast
      tumors has traditionally been made according to their histological appearance, nowadays some
      subtypes have been defined according to their molecular features. The different behaviors of
      tumors in the luminal group necessitated the need to separate this group into luminal A and B
      subtypes. Luminal A group has the highest prevalence among breast cancers; It includes Her2
      negative tumors with low proliferative activity, mitosis rate and low histological grade. The
      prognosis of patients with luminal A tumors is very good and metastases are often limited to
      bones. Luminal-B tumors are more aggressive. The most important difference of this group is
      that tumors have a high proliferation rate. The breakpoint between Luminal A and B is
      generally accepted immunohistochemically as less than 14% of tumor cells show nuclear Ki67
      expression. In addition, approximately 30% of Her2 positive tumors are immunohistochemically
      in the luminal B phenotype.

      Infection and inflammation constitute approximately 25% of the causes of cancer.Cancers
      associated with inflammation usually occur as a result of mutations in DNA. Examples of
      cancers associated with chronic infections include Schistosoma haematobium-bladder cancer,
      Helicobacter pylori-stomach cancer, human papillomavirus-cervical cancer, Epstein-Barr
      virus-nasopharynx cancer, while chronic inflammation due to pro-inflammatory factors
      (asbestos, nanomaterials, Barrett's esophagus and ulcerative colitis etc.) plays a role in
      cancer development. Chronic inflammation also plays an important role in the development and
      recurrence of breast cancer. NF-κB pathway proteins, CRP, serum amyloid, matrix
      metalloproteinase enzyme family (MMP2, MMP9), urokinase type tissue plasminogen activators
      are associated with inflammatory cell migration and breast cancer.

      There are some studies investigating the relationship between blood cytokine levels (TGFβ1,
      IFNγ) and breast cancer. Human studies have generally evaluated a limited number of
      cytokines. The study evaluating the largest number of different cytokines was an animal
      study, and 24 different cytokine levels were compared with healthy control rats with breast
      cancer.In this study we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the differences in blood
      cytokine values (IL-1β, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p (70), IL-17A,
      IL-18, IL-23 and IL-33) and disease stage in Luminal A, Luminal B, and triple negative breast
      cancers.
    

Intervention name(s): Flow-Cytometric analysis
Intervention type(s): Diagnostic Test
Intervention description(s): Measuring the level of serum IL-1β, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p (70), IL-17A, IL-18, IL-23 and IL-33
Observational model: Case-Control
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        In case group patients with breast cancers will be included to the study. Patients will be
        divided into subgroups according to the cancer receptor status.

        Also healty volunteers who don't have breast compliants will be the control group
      
Keywords: Luminal A; Luminal B; Triple Negative; Cytokine; Flow-Cytometry