Sensorimotor Exercises and Neurodevelopmental Yoga in Chronic Neck Pain
Condition: Neck Pain
MeSH terms: Neck Pain
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Neck pain is an important public health problem with a high lifetime prevalence and
      frequently occurring in all industrialized countries. Clinical practice guidelines for
      chronic neck pain recommend conservative management. Conservative treatment includes many
      approaches such as endurance, stretching and strengthening exercises, manual therapy,
      proprioceptive exercises, pilates and yoga. In patients with chronic neck pain, atrophy of
      deep neck muscles, deterioration in fiber type ratio, muscle tenderness and decreased range
      of motion are observed. These problems cause poor cervical postural control system and thus
      impaired sense of proprioception, loss of balance, decreased eye movement and cervical muscle
      activity. Sensorimotor control of upright posture and head-eye movement relies on information
      from the vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive systems that assemble throughout the central
      nervous system.The cervical spine has an important role in providing proprioceptive input.
      This role is associated with an abundance of cervical mechanoreceptors. Recent studies have
      shown that proprioceptive training is associated with cervical joint position sense, joint
      range of motion, pain and disability. Also yoga combines physical exercises with breathing
      techniques and meditation and yoga is one of the most commonly used complementary treatments
      for neck pain.The aim of study is to determine the effectiveness of exercises for
      sensorimotor structure and yoga exercises with physical and meditative effects in individuals
      with chronic neck pain.
    

Detailed description: 
      Participants diagnosed with chronic neck pain will be randomly divided into two groups as
      sensorimotor exercise group and yoga group by the evaluator. Sensorimotor exercise group;
      oculomotor exercise to provide information from the visual system, laser target exercise to
      provide information from the proprioception system, and postural stability exercise to
      provide information from the vestibular system. Yoga group will be given yoga exercises.
      Within the content of oculomotor exercise, gaze stability exercise and head-body coordination
      exercise will be given to the participants. Laser target exercise will be given with the
      laser target fixed on the participant's head and 90 cm away from the target. Postural
      stability exercise will be given in form of tandem exercise and standing on one leg. Yoga
      exercises will be applied by changing and combining 14 poses every week. The study will take
      8 weeks. Participants in both groups will also be treated for 2 days a week. Participants
      will be evaluated twice, before and after treatment. Participants will be evaluated with
      Demographic Information Form, SF-36 Quality of Life Scale, Neck Disability Questionnaire,
      Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale, Numerical Pain Scale, Joint Range of Motion Measurement (G-Pro),
      Joint Position Error Test. Data analysis of the study will be done using SPSS 22.0 package
      program. The difference between Independent Groups will be compared with the Student's-t
      independent Test.
    

Intervention name(s): Sensorimotor Exercise; Yoga Exercise
Intervention type(s): Other; Other
Intervention description(s): The sensorimotor group was given oculomotor, gaze stability and postural stability exercises. Each session lasted 40 minutes in total.; A flow was created for the yoga group. Each session lasting 40 minutes was included ocular motor, balance, meditation and stretching. Practices illustrated in table one were repeated for the eight weeks. Beginning of each session was focused on breathing exercises and the yoga flow is designed. Weeks 1-2. were prepared by focusing mostly on sagittal plane asanas. While 3-5. tweeks were focused on frontal plane asanas, 6-8. weeks were focused on transvers plan. Each session commenced with a 5-minute practice of a three dimensional breathing technique. This was followed by a 25-minute yoga asana flow, concluding with a 10-minute meditation in shavasana, also known as Corpse Pose. NDY was taught by an academician physiotherapist who has completed graduation in yoga therapy.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention model description: Two intervention group
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Rehabilitation; Pain; Yoga; Proprioception