Investigation of Alzheimer's Disease and Periodontal Status
Condition: Alzheimer Disease; Periodontal Diseases
MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases; Alzheimer Disease
Study type: Observational [Patient Registry]

Summary: 
      The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the current periodontal status on the
      progression rate of AD.
    

Detailed description: 
      Although much is known about its pathogenesis, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still a terminal
      disease. For this reason, the correct evaluation and treatment of the risk factors of the
      disease gains importance in the prevention of the disease. Chronic inflammation, such as
      periodontal disease, can speed up the onset and progression of AD. The study aimed to
      investigate the relationship between periodontal status and the rate of progression of
      dementia in individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.

      In this study, 90 individuals with AD, who were classified as Stage I, Stage II, and Stage
      III according to the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale. Baseline and 6th month cognitive status
      assessments of participants who met the inclusion criteria were performed in the Department
      of Neurology using SMMT. At the 6th month control appointment in the Neurology Department,
      the participants were referred to the Periodontology Department for oral examinations.

      In the Periodontology Department, dental anamnesis of the patients was taken and intraoral
      examinations were performed. Periodontal examination of all existing teeth of all
      participants with at least one remaining tooth (excluding third molars) with a
      Williams-marked periodontal probe (Hu-Friedy, Chicago, Illinois, USA) and all molars and
      maxillary first premolars with Nabers probe (PQ2N, Hu-Friedy, Chicago, Illinois, USA) was
      performed and records %P (plak percentage), %BOP (percentage bleeding on probing), CAL
      (clinical attachment level), PPD (probing pocket depth). The position of the gingival margin
      and PPD were measured at six sites/teeth (including/excluding third molars). The CAL was then
      calculated from these measurements. In 2017, periodontal status was determined according to
      the decisions of the World Workshop on Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and
      Classification of Conditions. The current occlusal relationship status of all patients was
      evaluated using the Eichner Index and classified as Type 1 (A1-A2-A3-B1) , Type 2 (B2-B3) and
      Type 3 (B4-C1-C2-C3).
    

Intervention name(s): Baseline Standardized Mini Mental Test; 6th month Standardized Mini Mental Test
Intervention type(s): Diagnostic Test; Diagnostic Test
Intervention description(s): Cognitive status assessment was done with Standardized Mini Mental Test.; Cognitive status assessment was done with Standardized Mini Mental Test.
Other intervention name(s): Periodontal Examination: Toothed/edentulous condition, occlusal relationship type and periodontal status were evaluated by periodontal examination.
Intervention MeSH terms: Salicylic Acid
Observational model: Case-Only
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Individuals diagnosed with mild/moderate/severe probable Alzheimer's disease according to
        the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale who meet the inclusion criteria
      
Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease; Cognitive Decline; Periodontal Disease; Periodontitis; Occlusion; Chewing