Effects of Smoking and Vitamin D3 on the Levels of Human Cathelicidin Peptide LL-37
Condition: Periodontitis
MeSH terms: Periodontitis
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      The aims of our study were 1) to evaluate levels of gingival crevicular fluid( GCF) human
      cathelicidin peptide LL-37 and serum vitamin D3 in smoker and non-smoker patients with
      chronic periodontitis(CP) 2) to determine whether any correlation between GCF LL-37 and
      vitamin D3 serum levels exist and 3) to asses the correlation between clinical parameters and
      biochemical markers
    

Detailed description: 
      Background: Cathelicidin LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide, is part of the host innate immune
      response in the oral cavity. The aims of this study are to evaluate; gingival crevicular
      fluid (GCF) levels of LL-37, serum vitamin D3 levels and periodontal clinical recordings in
      smoker and nonsmoker patients with chronic periodontitis (CP).

      Methods:

      This study consisted a total of 60 volunteers including 20 smoker patients with CP (CP-1
      group), 20 non-smoker patients with CP (CP-2 group) and 20 periodontally healthy subjects
      (CTRL group). Prior to participation, the design and purpose of the research were explained
      to each subjects, and written informed consent form was obtained from 60 individuals before
      the study.

      The periodontal status of the patients were determined by measuring the probing depth (PD),
      clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI) All clinical
      parameters were measured on six sites per tooth from the full-mouth teeth (mesiobuccal,
      distobuccal,midbuccal, mesiolingual, distolingual and midlingual) using a William's
      periodontal probe calibrated in millimeters by the same examiner. All samples were obtained
      on the day following clinical examinations of the individuals. The deepest six pockets site
      per individual were chosen for collection of GCF across both of the periodontitis groups. Six
      pocket locations showing a lack of clinical inflammation were also tested to guarantee
      collection of a sufficient volume of GCF across the CTRL groups.

      GCF levels of LL-37 were measured by ELISA and serum levels of vitamin D3 were analysed by
      High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Statistical analysis were performed.
    

Intervention name(s): LL-37 levels in Gingival crevicular fluid; Serum Vitamin D3 levels; Clinical parameters
Intervention type(s): Other; Other; Other
Intervention description(s): Collected gingival crevicular fluid; Collected serum; Recorded plague index, gingival index, probing depth, clinical attachment level
Intervention MeSH terms: Vitamin D; Cholecalciferol
Observational model: Other
Time perspective: Cross-Sectional
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        The volunteers participitating in the study were choosen from among individuals scheduled
        to undergo either dental treatment or dental check at the Deparment of Perioodontology,
        Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
      
Keywords: Gingival crevicular fluid; Vitamin D; LL-37; Serum; periodontitis