Distractor Effect on Pain and Vitality
Condition: Distraction of Bone
MeSH terms: Diastasis, Bone
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two and four activations /day of
      periodontal distractor on pain intensity and pulp vitality of maxillary canine.
    

Detailed description: 
      Orthodontic therapy is generally referred to as a lengthy process because a good orthodontic
      treatment normally takes 18 to 24 months to finish.

      Long-term orthodontic treatment has a number of disadvantages, including as poor psychosocial
      effects on patients, white spots, long-term enamel damage, gingival recession, and root
      resorption.

      The rate of tooth movement that can be achieved is a major determinant of orthodontic
      treatment time. Many studies have been conducted to determine the pace of orthodontic tooth
      movement. The majority of these studies demonstrate about 1mm of tooth movement per month.

      As a result, finding treatment options that reduce treatment time without compromising
      results is a main focus of orthodontic research.

      The approaches for hastening tooth movement rely on inducing a biological tissue reaction.
      These procedures are classified into two types based on their level of intrusion:
      conservative (biological, physical, and biomechanical measures) and surgical techniques
      Prostaglandins are the most often used biological agents , interleukins , leukotriene ,
      vitamin D platelet rich plasma .Mechanical or physical approach include direct electrical
      current , pulsed electromagnetic field , low-energy laser , and Vibration Oral surgical
      procedures quicken orthodontic treatment by affecting the continuity of the alveolar bone
      resulting in a decrease in bone density and a corresponding reduction in the bone's
      resistance to orthodontic tooth movement . Surgical approach depends on Regional Acceleratory
      Phenomenon (RAP) which is a method to speed up orthodontic treatment by accelerating bone
      remodeling rates and bone density. The RAP is a series of tissue reactions that occur as a
      damaged bone heals . These surgical methods including corticotomy , bone perforation ,
      Distraction osteogenesis is also one of surgical methods that allow rapid canine retraction .

      The technique of distraction of the periodontal ligament (PDD) was introduced for rapid tooth
      movement then, dento alveolar distraction (DAD) was performed to achieve rapid tooth movement
      using the principles of distraction osteogenesis The canine was distracted by distractor
      twice daily for a total about 0.4 mm per day . It has been reported in literature that up to
      2 mm is distracted per day (four activations of 0.5 mm each) . The distractor was activated
      till the distal surface of canine became in contact with the mesial surface of second
      premolar.

      Previous Studies of periodontal distractor have been mainly focused on the assessment of the
      rate and angular changes on retracted canine. No clinical study has attempted to investigate
      pain intensity or pulp vitality for both activation protocols of periodontal distractor
      during rapid canine retraction. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the
      effect of two and four activations/day of periodontal distractor on pain intensity and pulp
      vitality of maxillary canine.
    

Intervention name(s): Periodontal distractor
Intervention type(s): Device
Intervention description(s): different activation protocols of periodontal distractor
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Treatment