ShotBloker and Helfer Skin Tap Technique During Intramuscular Injection in Children
Condition: Pain, Acute; Fear; Emergencies; Child, Only; Injection Fear
MeSH terms: Emergencies; Acute Pain
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      To examine the effect of the Helfer skin tap technique and ShotBloker application on pain and
      fear experienced during intramuscular injection in children aged 6-12 in the pediatric
      emergency unit. It was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study to determine its
      effect on fear. The population of the study will be children aged 6-12 years who applied to
      the Tarsus State Hospital, and Pediatric Emergency Clinic and the sample will be 177 children
      who will undergo intramuscular intervention and meet the criteria for inclusion in the study.
      In data collection; Data collection form, Wong-Baker Scale, and Child fear scale will be
      used. In order to examine the mean scores of pain and fear according to intramuscular
      administration techniques in children, appropriate tests will be used by making an analysis
      of conformity to normal distribution.
    

Detailed description: 
      Pain is an experience of complex perceptions that overwhelms the patient, distorts their
      behavior and thoughts, prompts them to perform activities that require immediate attention
      and aim to stop the pain, and causes behavioral reactions and automatic changes.

      To examine the effect of the Helfer skin tap technique and ShotBloker application on pain and
      fear experienced during intramuscular injection in children aged 6-12 in the pediatric
      emergency unit.

      Type of Study: It was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study to determine the
      effect of Helfer skin tap technique and Shot Blocker application on pain and fear experienced
      during intramuscular injection in children aged 6-12 years who applied to the pediatric
      emergency clinic.

      Research Population and Sample Selection The population of the study will be children aged
      6-12 years who applied to the Tarsus State Hospital, Pediatric Emergency Clinic, and the
      sample will be 177 children who will undergo intramuscular intervention, meeting the criteria
      for inclusion in the research. According to the results of the G-power analysis for the
      sample size, in accordance with the literature of Canbulat and Bal (2015), Canbulat et al
      (2014) and Mutlu (2012) to find a medium power effect size difference of 0.25 between the
      groups, type I error 0.05, power of the test. While 0.80 (α= 0.05, β= 0.20), the minimal
      sample size was 177 (n=59 for each group).

      Data collection Stages of Research Stage 1: A pilot study will be conducted with 20 children
      in order to evaluate the appropriateness of the forms and scales used before the research.

      Stage 2: The purpose of the research and how to record the data will be explained to the
      nurse who will administer the intramuscular injection procedure using the ventrogluoteal
      region and to the nurse who will observe the child's pain and fear during the procedure. The
      children in the sample group and their parents will be informed about the path followed in
      practice and the research, and their verbal and written consent will be obtained.

      Stage 3: The patients who meet the sample selection criteria will be randomly and equally
      distributed into 3 groups through a program in the computer environment, and randomization
      will be provided.

      (http://www1.assumption.edu/users/avadum/applets/RandAssign/GroupGen.html) (1st experimental
      group Helfer skin tap technique suitable group, 2nd experimental group Shot Blocker group,
      3rd group control group) Children in each group will be provided with their parents.

      Stage 4: The nurse observing the children in all groups before the procedure will fill in the
      demographic data form, measure the child's pulse, blood pressure and SpO2 values, and apply
      the pain and fear assessment scale. In addition, the pain and fear scale will be evaluated by
      the child and the parent.

      Stage 5: Intramuscular injection will be given to the ventrogluoteal region by following the
      procedure steps for the children in all groups. The intramuscular injection procedure will be
      performed by the same nurse. During the procedure, the child's pain and fear will be observed
      by the observing nurse and recorded in the observation form.

      At this stage;

        -  First Experimental group; During the intramuscular injection to be applied to the
           ventrogluoteal region, the level of pain and fear will be examined using the Helfer skin
           tap technique.

        -  Second Experiment group; During the intramuscular injection to be applied to the
           ventrogluoteal region, the level of pain and fear will be examined by using Shot
           Blocker.

        -  To the control group; The level of pain and fear will be examined during intramuscular
           injection into the ventrogluotealregion without any intervention.

      Stage 6: 5 minutes after the procedure, the pain and fear level of the children in all groups
      will be re-evaluated by the child, the mother and the observing nurse. After the procedure,
      pulse, blood pressure and SpO2 values will be measured and recorded by the observing nurse.

      Stage 7: The analysis and reporting of the obtained data will be done.
    

Intervention name(s): Helfer skin tap technique; Shot Blocker
Intervention type(s): Other; Device
Intervention description(s): Using the Helfer skin tap technique during intramuscular injection to the ventrogluteal region.; Shot Blocker will be used during intramuscular injection to be applied to the ventrogluteal region.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single (Participant)
Primary purpose: Health Services Research