Effects of Programmed Cryotherapy and Continuous Passive Motion After Computer-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty
Condition: Patients With Osteoarthritis Undergoing CAS-TKA
MeSH terms: Osteoarthritis
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The hypothesis of this study was the patients, who received programed cryotherapy and CPM,
      had experienced less postoperative pain, joint swelling, and increased ROM following CAS-TKA.
    

Detailed description: 
      The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) has proposed the definition of
      pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential
      tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. Therefore, adequate pain management and
      control of localized swelling and stiffness after TKA has become a priority because it is
      essential for improving patient satisfaction, prevention of complications, and enhancing
      quality of life by faster recovery. Systemic and local analgesics are the most common
      strategies for postoperative pain management in TKR. However, patients might experience
      nausea, vomiting, constipation, or respiratory failure due to opioid-related side effects,
      subsequently refusing to mobilize and delaying the rehabilitation program).

      In addition to pain control, cryotherapy and continuous passive motion (CPM) are commonly
      used for TKA patients as non-pharmacological methods to reduce the postoperative pain and
      swelling and to increase the amount of knee flexion. The application of cryotherapy after TKA
      has been described extensively in the literature and is part of standard care globally.
      However, its benefits and value remain controversial due to the disparity in practice, such
      as differences in clinical protocols and the type of cryotherapy application. Continuous
      passive motion is a motorized device, which passively moves the knee joint within a certain
      range of motion (ROM) to decrease analgesics requirements, reduce the incidence of deep vein
      thrombosis, and increase ROM. But the effects of CPM remain contentious in the literature.
      Although controversial, cryotherapy and CPM have been used extensively as part of the
      standard postoperative management protocol for TKA patients without knowing its
      cost-effectiveness. However, the value of combined therapy of cryotherapy and CPM remains
      uncertainty and unclear following CAS-TKA.

      The hypothesis of this study was the patients, who received programed cryotherapy and CPM,
      had experienced less postoperative pain, joint swelling, and increased ROM following CAS-TKA.
    

Intervention name(s): Programed cryotherapy and continuous passive motion; Unrogramed cryotherapy and continuous passive motion
Intervention type(s): Other; Other
Intervention description(s): The intervention group started to use a CPM machine and applied programed cryotherapy intermittently within one hour while returning to the ward on the day of surgery.; A CPM machine and cryotherapy were not applied on the day of surgery while returning to the ward
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Treatment