Turkish Validity And Reliability Of The Hammersmith Infant Neurological Evaluation (Hine)
Condition: Cerebral Palsy; Reliability; Infant Development; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Infant Asphyxia; Validity
MeSH terms: Cerebral Palsy; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Asphyxia
Study type: Observational [Patient Registry]

Summary: 
      The high risk of infants are defined as having a negative environmental and biological factor
      history, where these factors can lead to neuromotor development problems. It is a
      heterogeneous group of premature babies born under the age of thirty-seven weeks, with a low
      birth weight term or infants with developmental retardation due to various reasons. Risk
      factors in preterm infants include perinatal asphyxia, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE),
      periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), respiratory distress
      syndrome (RDS), broncho pulmonary dysplasia (BPD), hyperbilirubinemia, infection. alcohol
      syndrome, muscle tone disorders, low birth weight, hydrocephalus and microcephaly. These
      babies, especially preterm infants with low birth weight, may encounter a neurological
      sequence such as Cerebral Palsy (CP), epilepsy, hearing and vision loss, mental retardation,
      language-speech, behavioral problems and learning difficulties. CP is the most common disease
      of childhood, with the possibility of occurrence in 2-3 / 1000 live births.Today, the
      effectiveness of various methods has been proven to make early diagnosis of CP. One of these
      methods is the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Evaluation (HINE).
    

Detailed description: 
      The diagnosis of CP, which can be observed with high risk infants, is based on the
      observation of many neurological and clinical signs. The diagnosis usually takes place
      between 12-24 months. In the past years, before 12-24 months, it was seen as a hidden or
      silent period that could not be fully defined in terms of CP. However, today this definition
      has been found invalid because the diagnosis of 'high risk of CP' or CP can be predicted
      precisely before the corrected 6 months.There are 3 methods with the best predictable
      validity of determining CP before the corrected 5-month period: Neonatal Magnetic Resonance
      Imaging (MRI) (86% -89% sensitivity), Prechtl's Qualitative General Movement Assessment (GMs)
      (98% sensitivity), Hammersmith Infant Neurological Evaluation (HINE) (90% sensitivity).
      Various difficulties are encountered in long-term follow-up of infants who are discharged
      from neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in developing countries. Many of these infants are
      referred to pediatricians or pediatric neurologists as needed. Others are not routinely
      monitored. However, in order to encourage more consistent and disciplined early assessments
      for high-risk infants, the guides applied should be adapted to neonatal follow-up clinics.
      For this reason, various health professionals working in the field of Pediatrics should be
      supported in providing objective tests and training materials in order to provide
      coordination and create a common language in the follow-up process. It is known that the HINE
      test does not require certification training and whose reliability is valid, does not have a
      Turkish version. Using proven methods to determine these needs and to direct the necessary
      professionals is a more important guide for clinicians. In order to meet the needs in this
      field, the Turkish version of the HINE scale in 6-12 months of infants was adapted and this
      validity and reliability study was planned.
    

Intervention name(s): Scale
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): This test is divided into 3 sections: neurological examination, developmental motor boundary stones and behavioral status, and consists of a total of 37 items. The first part consists of 26 items such as cranial nerve functions, posture, quality, amount of movements, muscle tone, reflex and reactions. The second part evaluates motor development boundary stones consisting of 8 items. The third part refers to the behavioral condition consisting of 3 items. These items can be easily scored. It can be rated as optimal or inadequate. Each item is scored separately (as 0, 1, 2, 3) and the final total score is calculated. The total score ranges from 0-78. The total score shows the global optimal scores.
Other intervention name(s): evaluation
Observational model: Case-Control
Time perspective: Other
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        -  Infants with high risk of cerebral palsy (CP) with the age of 3-12 months.

          -  Infants with healthy peers of high of cerebral palsy infants.
      
Keywords: Reliability; Validity; Hammersmith Infant Neurological Evaluation (HINE); Turkish version; Infant