Dapagliflozin As Additional Treatment To Liraglutide And Insulin In Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Condition: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 3

Summary: 
      This is a single center, prospective, randomized, double blinded placebo controlled study
      conducted I patients with type 1 diabetes.The aim of this study is to examine the additive
      effects of GLP-1 agonist and SGLT2 inhibitor in patients with type 1 diabetes in terms of
      possible improved glycemic control, reduced glycemic variability, reduced insulin dosages,
      additional effects of weight loss and blood pressure reduction.
    

Detailed description: 
      This investigation will be single center, prospective, randomized, double blinded placebo
      controlled study conducted in type 1 diabetics. The study will be conducted at Diabetes -
      Endocrinology Center of WNY, affiliated to the State University of New York at Buffalo.

      Visit 1: Screening Day (day -21):- Each patient will have completed the following procedures
      prior to participating in the study.

        1. Medical History;

        2. Physical Exam;

        3. Informed consent.

        4. Baseline lab draws to measure CBC, comprehensive metabolic panel, Hba1c, Fructosamine
           and lipid profile. All labs will be drawn in the fasting state in the morning before
           10am.

      Visit 2: Randomization Visit (day -14): After the screening visit, subjects who meet the
      inclusion and exclusion criteria will participate in the study period. Randomization will be
      done by a ratio of 2:1(drug: placebo) using Microsoft Excel randomization function.
      Liraglutide will be obtained from Novo Nordisk pharmaceuticals. Dapagliflozin/placebo will be
      obtained from Astra Zeneca pharmaceuticals. All subjects will be instructed by the study
      staff in the dosing and administration of the study medication. Subjects will be seen by a
      registered dietitian who will review their carbohydrate counting and make an assessment of
      their carbohydrate intake. A CGM sensor will be inserted and the patient will be asked to
      keep it for 2 weeks. Detailed instruction on changing the sensor weekly will be provided and
      insulin titration will be done to control blood sugar between 70-180 mg/dl. A urine container
      to collect urine for 24 hours to measure 24-hour urinary glucose will be provided (urine to
      be collected one day before the next visit).

      All subjects will be advised to monitor their capillary blood glucose by finger stick before
      each meal and at bedtime and to wear their CGM constantly for the first two weeks and the
      last two weeks of the study The subjects will be asked to keep a diary of their food intake
      to measure their carbohydrate intake. For the entire duration of the study, the patients will
      maintain a diary to record any hypoglycemia and other untoward side effects like nausea,
      changes in appetite and other experiences. Patients will be instructed to call the Diabetes
      Center or an endocrinology fellow directly in case of any problem or untoward side effects.
      They will be specifically asked to call if they have hypoglycemia (blood sugar <70 mg/dl) or
      hyperglycemia (blood sugar >250 mg/dl) on more than one occasion.

      Visit 3 Study Intervention: day 0:- Subjects will come fasting for this visit. Urine will be
      collected. CGM and it's related supplies will be collected back. Records of blood glucose
      concentrations monitored by finger stick and CGM for the previous 14 days will be obtained to
      assess their glycemic control while on liraglutide and insulin treatment. They will undergo a
      meal challenge test (described below). Fructosamine assay will be done on this day. Two
      questionnaires namely DSQOLS (Diabetes Specific Quality of Life Scale) and PAID (problem
      areas in Diabetes survey) will be completed. Dapagliflozin or placebo at 5 mg will be started
      the day after their meal challenge test. Careful adjustments will be made to insulin doses at
      the discretion of the investigators on the basis of the glucose data obtained from the
      patients. The target blood glucose will be 70-180 mg/dl at all times of the day and night
      without increasing the incidence of blood glucose < 70mg/dl. Patients will return to the
      center after 7 days. Subjects will be asked to make a follow-up appointment with their
      primary care physician or their endocrinologist a week after the completion of the study i.e.
      Visit 12(Day 84) to maintain continuity of care and to ensure smooth transition.

      Visit 4: Study Intervention day 7:- Insulin dose will be adjusted based on fingerstick blood
      glucose. Patients will be assessed for any untoward adverse effects with the use of study
      drug. The dose of dapagliflozin (or placebo) will be increased to 10 mg daily based on
      investigator's discretion and blood glucose readings.

      Visits 5-10: Study Interventions days 14, 21, 35, 49, and 63,70:- Records of blood glucose
      concentrations of the last 7 days for visit 5 and 6 and for the last 14 days for all other
      visits will be collected. Insulin dose will be adjusted at the discretion of the study
      investigator to optimize blood sugar control as per the targets mentioned above on day 0
      visit. Any adverse effects with study drug will be assessed. The dose of dapagliflozin (or
      placebo) will be increased to 10 mg daily based on investigator's discretion if they are
      still on the starting dose (i.e. 5 mg of dapagliflozin) at the time of visit 5, 6 and 7 only.
      No further increase in dose of these medications will be made after visit 6. CGM will be
      fitted on day 70 and will stay on for 2 weeks till day 84.

      Visit 11 (Day 77):

      CGM will be fitted on this day and will stay on for 2 weeks till day 84. A urine container to
      collect urine for 24 hours to measure 24-hour urinary glucose will be provided. They will
      bring the urine specimen with them on Day 84. Subjects will be allowed to conduct this
      intervention anytime between Day 77 and Day 82 if they choose so.

      Visit 12: Study Intervention (day 84). Subjects will come fasting for this visit. Records of
      blood glucose concentrations monitored by finger stick or CGM for the previous 7 days will be
      obtained to assess their glycemic control. They will undergo meal challenge test (described
      below). Two questionnaires namely DSQOLS and PAID will be completed. CGM and related supplies
      and 24 hour urinary specimen will be collected back. After this visit, subjects will be
      discharged from the study. Labs will be drawn to measure CBC, comprehensive metabolic panel,
      Hba1c, Fructosamine and lipid profile. Careful insulin adjustments will be made at the
      discretion of the investigator depending upon if they choose to continue with liraglutide and
      or dapagliflozin to optimize blood sugars.

      Meal challenge test:- In order to assess the changes induced by dapagliflozin compared to
      placebo, a meal challenge will be carried before and at the end of the study (day 0 and day
      84). (910 Calorie High fat High carbohydrate meal as in several of our previous papers).
      Dapagliflozin final dose will be administered only on day 84 (45 min prior to the meal).
      Sequential blood samples will be obtained at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240
      and 300 min. Samples at 15, 30, 45, 90, 150 and 210 min will be 5 ml while those at 0, 60,
      120, 180, 240 and 300 min will be 30 ml (total volume=210 ml). Blood will be collected from
      an indwelling intravenous canula in a superficial forearm vein.
    

Intervention name(s): Dapagliflozin; Insulin; Liraglutide; Dapagliflozin placebo
Intervention type(s): Drug; Drug; Drug; Drug
Intervention description(s): Dapagliflozin or Farxiga is a SGLT-2 inhibitor; Victoza(Liraglutide) is a GLP-1 agent.; Dapagliflozin placebo looking similar to active drug Dapagliflozin in external appearance but not containing active ingredient dapagliflozin
Other intervention name(s): Farxiga; Lantus, Levemir, Toujjeo, Humalog , Novolog, Apidra; Victoza; Placebo
Intervention MeSH terms: Dapagliflozin; Liraglutide
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Type 1 Diabetes; Liraglutide; Dapagliflozin; Triple Therapy