Effects of Aromatic Solution Applied After Surgery
Condition: Surgery; Nurse's Role; Throat, Sore; Thirst; Nausea and Vomiting, Postoperative
MeSH terms: Pharyngitis; Nausea; Vomiting; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Today, surgical applications are used to solve many health problems. In order for the
      surgical intervention to take place, anesthesia applications are often required.
      Complications such as sore throat, thirst and nausea and vomiting may occur as a result of
      trauma, local irritation and inflammation of the airway mucosa during anesthesia and tracheal
      intubation. These complications are in the postoperative period; It may cause delayed oral
      fluid intake, prolonged dehydration, oral odour, and increased risk of aspiration, hematoma
      and wound dehiscence due to retching and vomiting, all of which may lead to delayed discharge
      and increased cost. Aromatherapy, one of the non-pharmacological applications, is frequently
      applied in reducing postoperative complications and its effectiveness is stated.

      In this study, the aromatic solution applied after the surgery; It was planned to examine the
      effect on sore throat, thirst, nausea-vomiting. In addition, the multimodal synergistic
      effect of lavender oil and ginger oil used in the aromatic solution to be prepared will be
      utilized. As a result of this study, the effectiveness of the aromatic solution application
      to be applied to the patients in the postoperative period and the benefits and benefits of
      the patient's recovery process will be determined. Thus, effective application can be made
      for the entire postoperative period. It is thought that this study to be conducted will be a
      guide for future studies on the patient group.
    

Detailed description: 
      Intubation-based pharyngeal traumas are common in patients undergoing general anesthesia
      among the causes of post-operative sore throat and thirst symptoms. In the literature, it is
      reported that sore throat is frequently seen after endotracheal intubation (14.4% to 100%)
      and is one of the complications that patients fear most. Since sore throat and thirst can
      cause swallowing and breathing difficulties in the postoperative period, this affects the
      patient's nutrition and fluid intake and may prolong the recovery period. Also these are;
      creates a physical stress source, increases postoperative morbidity and reduces patient
      satisfaction. As pharmacological methods for relieving sore throat and thirst, it is
      recommended to use steroids and local anesthetics in the form of mouth washes and sprays. As
      non-pharmacological methods, it has been determined that aromatherapy, especially lavender,
      is effective in preventing and reducing sore throat and thirst. It has been determined that
      lavender has functions that reduce throat irritation, hoarseness, pain and stress among
      aromatic plants.

      Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONC) can be seen in 70-80% of surgical patients, and
      PONC, which is a side effect of anesthesia, is one of the most common complaints together
      with pain and thirsty. The American Society of Perianesthesia Nurses (ASPAN; American Society
      of PeriAnesthesia Nurses) defines POBK as nausea and vomiting seen within the first 24 hours
      after surgery. Aromatherapy is the most commonly used non-pharmacological alternative in the
      treatment of POBD. Ginger in aromatherapy applications; It is seen that it has been used
      effectively on gastrointestinal system diseases (gas remover, antispasmodic, appetite
      stimulant, aids in digestion and prevents nausea and vomiting) from ancient times all over
      the world.

      Location and Features of the Research:

      The study will be applied to individuals who have undergone percutaneous nephrolithotomy
      (PNL) in the urology clinic of Çukurova University Medical Faculty Balcalı Hospital. The
      urology clinic is a unit with a total of 36 patient beds, where emergency and elective
      surgeries are performed, and consists of 1 polyclinic and 1 department.

      Universe and Sample:

      The population of the study will be the patients who underwent PNL (percutaneous
      nephrolithotomy) operation in the urology clinic of Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine.
      The sample of the study will consist of patients who underwent PNL operation, met the
      inclusion criteria, and voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. The analgesic and
      antiemetic drugs that are routinely applied in the clinic after the surgery will continue,
      that is, the routine medical treatment of the patients will be carried out and will not be
      discontinued.

      Data Collection Tools:

      Prepared by the researcher in data collection; Informed consent form, personal information
      form, visual assessment scale (VAS - Visual Analog Scale) for the measurement of
      postoperative thirst and sore throat, and postoperative verbal descriptive scale (VDS -
      Verbal Descriptive Scale) will be used to evaluate nausea-vomiting. Statistical analysis of
      the collected data will be done using a package program called SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics 24).

      Ethical Permission:

      Before starting the research, permission was obtained from Çukurova University Faculty of
      Medicine, Balcalı Hospital, Urology Department and Balcalı Hospital Chief Physician, dated
      13.11.2020 and numbered E.137729. The permission of the Traditional and Complementary
      Medicine Clinical Research Ethics Committee, dated 13.01.2021 and numbered 23, was obtained.

      The products to be used in the aromatic solution and the preparation dose rates, approved by
      the General Directorate of Health Services of the Ministry of Health, IU/Fito/01-03 for the
      year 2020, Gaziosmanpaşa University Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department Lecturer Prof.
      Dr. It was determined under the consultancy of Mustafa Süren. In addition, in the urology
      department where the research will be conducted, mouth spray application is routinely used in
      cases deemed appropriate for post-operative patients. Therefore, a study was planned to
      examine the effect of using these solutions during routine clinical practice.
    

Intervention name(s): group treated with aromatic solution; group treated with drinking water
Intervention type(s): Procedure; Procedure
Intervention description(s): The aromatic solution applied in the experimental group will be obtained by mixing lavender oil and ginger oil into cold drinking water. For this, lavender and ginger oil approved by the Ministry of Agriculture will be used. 3 drops of lavender oil and 3 drops of ginger oil will be mixed into each 100 ml of drinking water, and it will be applied by spraying 4 times in the oral cavity and throat by shaking to ensure homogeneous distribution before each use. The aromatic solution to be applied in the study will be applied with spray bottles with mouth caps and caps that will be specially provided for each patient.; In the placebo group, drinking water will be sprayed 4 times in the oral cavity and throat of the patients after the surgery. The aromatic solution to be applied in the study will be applied with spray bottles with mouth caps and caps that will be specially provided for each patient.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention model description: 3 group randomized
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Prevention
Keywords: surgical nursing; complementary alternative medicine; non-pharmacological applications; post-operative care; aromatherapy; sore throat; thirst; nausea vomiting