Sleep Apnea in a Non-Clinical Population
Condition: Lung Diseases; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Obesity; Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Diseases; Hypertension
MeSH terms: Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Lung Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Diseases
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      To investigate the causes, consequences and quantitation of sleep disordered breathing (SDB).
    

Detailed description: 
      BACKGROUND:

      The study utilized an extremely rich source of data collected on the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort,
      one of the largest cohort studies of SDB and one with the longest periods of follow-up, to
      address a broad array of questions related to the pathogenesis and risk of SDB in the general
      community. The data-set was obtained between 1988 and 1998 in a population of 1400 workers
      age 30 to 60 years, including an overnight sleep polysomnographic in-lab study conducted on
      two occasions over an eight year period. The dataset contained a computerized analysis of
      over 300,000 apneas and hypopneas in this non-clinical population.

      Although strong associations have been demonstrated between sleep disordered breathing and
      cardiovascular diseases, much is not known regarding the mechanisms by which SDB produces
      blood pressure changes and increases morbidity. Further analysis of the polysomnography and
      blood pressure data could yield important insights into the physiologic events responsible
      for cardiovascular morbidity. Such information could then be used to develop diagnostic tests
      that identify those people at highest risk and thus who might especially benefit from
      intervention. This would be of potentially great public health importance, given the
      prevalence of SDB and the availability of treatments for SDB.

      DESIGN NARRATIVE:

      The investigators used the computerized database of the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort to answer the
      following specific questions. What were the physiologic characteristics of SDB events in the
      non-clinical population in terms of severity, high airway resistance, obstructive and central
      components and associated after-effects on EEG arousal and ventilatory overshoots? Did these
      important elements of the SDB event change as SDB progressed over time? Did the ventilatory
      or cardiovascular consequences of apnea or hypopnea and its immediate aftermath determine the
      likelihood of subsequent sleep-disordered breathing events? 2. What were the immediate and
      long-term cardiovascular consequences of sleep-disordered breathing events; what
      characteristics of these SDB events (such as oxygen desaturation, arousal, ventilatory
      overshoot airway resistance, etc.) determined the cardiovascular responses and consequences?
      3. What was the effect of aging on SDB and its sequelae as studied in the truly healthy
      elderly? 4. What role did anatomical characteristics of the upper airway play in determining
      the frequency and severity and type of sleep-disordered breathing? Did these anatomical
      determinants differ in the general non-clinical population versus the obstructive sleep apnea
      (OSA) population? ... in the obese versus the non-obese?

      Organization responded that the study is non-FDAAA applicable and they do not accept transfer
      to their organization.