The Effect of Two Different Types of Forces on Possible Root Resorption in Relation to Dentin Phosphoprotein Levels
Condition: Root Resorption
MeSH terms: Root Resorption
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      External root resorption is a common unfavourable sequel of orthodontic treatment. Although
      diagnosis of root resorption is usually done by radiographs; they are technique sensitive.
      Dentine phosphoprotein, a non-collagenous protein, is suggested to be released into the
      gingival crevicular fluid during active root resorption, serving as a good diagnostic tool.
      Also, the manner of force application is a modifiable factor suggested to affect root
      resorption.
    

Detailed description: 
      Early detection of teeth at risk of severe resorption is crucial.At present, using
      radiographs is common but detecting only resorption after 60-70% of the mineralized tissue is
      already lost. Moreover, they only provide two-dimensional information, identifying apical
      change primarily. Also, radiographs cannot indicate if the process of root resorption is
      still active for monitoring its progress and additional radiation exposure to the patient
      will be needed. Therefore, a safer, more reliable alternative method to clinically diagnose
      early stages of root resorption is needed and may include detecting biomarkers in gingival
      crevicular fluid. Furthermore, the relationship between the manner of orthodontic force
      application and orthodontically induced root resorption is under study. It has been suggested
      that pausing orthodontic forces during treatment may reduce the amount of root resorption,
      likely due to cementum repair during the inactive period. This is important specifically in
      individuals who are biologically and genetically prone to root resorption. The aim of the
      study is to compare the extent of root resorption between controlled continuous and
      intermittent orthodontic forces using levels of dentin phosphoprotein in gingival crevicular
      fluid.
    

Intervention name(s): Continuous force; Intermittent force
Intervention type(s): Other; Other
Intervention description(s): A buccally directed continuous tipping force of 150 g is applied to the maxillary first premolar by a cantilever spring made of 0.017" x 0.025" beta-titanium-molybdenum alloy inserted in the tube of the upper first molar, bypassing the second premolar and attaching to the upper first premolar. The buccal tipping force will be checked and reactivated to the original level on the 28th day of the 8 week study period.; A buccally directed tipping force of 150 g is applied to the maxillary first premolar by a cantilever spring made of 0.017" x 0.025" beta-titanium-molybdenum alloy inserted in the tube of the upper first molar and attaching to the upper first premolar. The buccal tipping force will be removed every 21 days for a 7-day rest period, where a passive wire of the same gauge and material of the cantilever spring (0.017" x 0.025" beta-titanium-molybdenum alloy) will be placed instead to maintain the position of the upper first premolar during the rest period.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Prevention
Keywords: Root resorption; Gingival crevicular fluid; Dentin Phosphoprotein; Continuous force; Intermittent force