Effects of the Daily Mile Program on General Health in Overweight/Obese Schoolchildren
Condition: Overweight Adolescents; Obesity, Adolescent
MeSH terms: Overweight; Pediatric Obesity
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      This study is a clinical trial will be carried out during academic term to assess the
      potential effects of the Daily Mile program on health-related physical fitness and sleep
      quality on overweight/obese schoolchildren.The trial will be taken place in Bucaramanga,
      Colombia
    

Detailed description: 
      Introduction: Regular physical activity is essential for promoting health and well-being,
      especially during childhood and adolescence. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends
      that children and adolescents (ages 5 to 17 years) should average 60 minutes of
      moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity per day, primarily of aerobic capacity, with
      the aim of preventing and/or reducing the incidence of overweight non-communicable diseases
      in adulthood and modifying emotional behaviors such as enjoyment, intrinsic motivation and
      perceived autonomy, among others. Modifications in these recommendations have probably been
      generated due to the increase of physical inactivity prevalence and sedentary behaviours in
      the population, which have been related to an increased risk of obesity, cardiovascular
      disease, diabetes, coronary heart disease and stroke, as well as delayed cognitive
      development and decreased in the academic performance of children and young people.

      Recently, the WHO classified physical inactivity as the fourth mortality risk factor with 6%,
      after hypertension (13%), smoking (9%) and diabetes (6%)9. In Colombia, the National Survey
      of the Nutritional Situation (ENSIN 2015) found that only 35.8% of boys and 26% of girls
      between 6 and 12 years of age complied with the physical activity recommendations.

      The previous Survey shows that 25.3% of boys and 23.5% of girls between 5 and 12 years of age
      are overweight or obese, which means an increase of 5.1%. and 6.2% respectively in relation
      to the year 2010 and 10.1% and 9.8% in relation to the year 2005, indicating a substantial
      increase in the data related to body weight In Colombia. In 2016 worldwide, it was estimated
      that the number of children under five years of age with obesity exceeded 41 million. In the
      same way, it has been found that the presence of overweight and obesity increases the
      probability of the development of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular
      diseases and metabolic syndromes.

      In response to this situation, one of the objectives established by the WHO's global action
      plan on physical activity 2018-2030 was to reduce the prevalence of physical inactivity by
      10% by 2025 and 15% by 2030. For this reason, two of the strategic objectives have been
      called "Create active environments" and "create active people", whose purpose is to create
      and promote spaces and access to programs and opportunities that increase physical activity
      in their different communities and, that in the case of the school population, a greater
      participation in physical activity leads to a greater capacity for concentration and
      cognitive function, which could result in an improvement in academic performance.

      A physical activity program to be developed in school environments is The Daily Mile (DM). It
      is an initiative created at St Ninian Primary School (Stirling, Scotland) in 2012 that was
      initially proposed as a solution to a perceived lack of physical fitness in children between
      5 and 12 years of age. The DMaily Mile encompasses a 15-minute walking, jogging or running
      each day, without additional material resources or clothing, within their class time.

      Although the Daily Mile program has grown in popularity among schools in the United Kingdom,
      the United States, Italy, and the Netherlands, among others, there is no evidence of research
      carried out on schoolchildren implementing this program in Colombia or in overweight/obese
      children. There is an urgent need for results from well-designed experimental studies that
      enable a better understanding of the impact of exercise in school environments on various
      health outcomes.

      Methodology: The intervention will start in the middle of the first academic term. The Daily
      Mile intervention will be consisted of walking, jogging or running for ~ 15 min (~ one mile)
      of exercise at a pace self-selected by each individual child, outside the school buildings
      during recess time, three times a week. Children were instructed to maintain active for the
      full 15 min and, if necessary, to stop for resting only occasionally. The program will be
      guided and supervised by physical education professionals previously trained. All the
      sessions will take place at the outside School buildings.
    

Intervention name(s): Daily Mile
Intervention type(s): Behavioral
Intervention description(s): The intervention consisted of walking, jogging or running for ~ 15 min (~ one mile) of exercise at a pace self-selected by each individual child, outside the school buildings during recess time, three times a week during 10 weeks. Children were instructed to maintain active for the full 15 min and, if necessary, to stop for resting only occasionally.
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: physical activity; school based program; physical fitness