Oral Health Related Quality of Life and Periodontal Diseases
Condition: Periodontal Diseases
MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases
Study type: Observational [Patient Registry]

Summary: 
      The aim of our study was to evaluate the periodontal healthy and diseased individuals with
      questionnaire, 0ral health impact profile-14(OHIP-14) and dental hygiene fear scale (DHFS)
      scales and to examine the effect of periodontal disease on the quality of life in relation to
      oral health consciousness level and fear level against dentist and treatment.
    

Detailed description: 
      In clinical practice, assessments may provide to detect the disease effected oral sites and
      the extend of the disease by determining 'objective' surrogate markers but in generally
      patient based 'subjective' outcomes of those surrogate markers is not evaluated . Oral Health
      Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) is a kind of measurement that is designed to provide a
      comprehensive detection of the dysfunction,discomfort and disability attributed to oral
      conditions. Although there are some researchers who have investigated the relationships
      between patient perceptions and periodontal disease and treatment, further studies are needed
      to produce more reliable outcomes. It is also well known that psychological and socio
      demographic status strongly affect the quality of life and these basic key factors of life
      were also modify the periodontal status of individuals. However, the psychological and socio
      demographic factors over looked in many of the previous studies,large scale group studies
      with the survey of quality of life and periodontal status screening are not sufficient.
      Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the patients with different periodontal
      status with OHIP-14 scale and a questionnaire to detect the oral health consciousness level.

      The protocol of this randomized controlled clinical survey study was approved by the Ethical
      Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, ondokuz mayıs university, Turkey, and the study was
      conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed written consent was
      obtained from all subjects after the details of the clinical procedures were explained.
      Systematically healthy 750 individuals (subject) aged ≥18 years that referred to the
      Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, ondokuz mayıs University, either for
      dental treatment or only for dental check-up were included in the study. Prior to dental
      examination the questionnaire form to detect oral hygiene habits and oral hygiene
      consciousness levels and the OHIP-14 form to evaluate impact of periodontal status on quality
      of life were applied to each participants.

      Periodontal disease status was determined according to clinical and radiographic criteria. In
      order to determine the periodontal status of the plaque index(PI), gingival index(GI),
      probing pocket depth(PPD) and clinical attachment level(CAL) were recorded. Study
      participants were distributed into three groups as periodontally healthy(H; n=250),
      gingivitis (G; n=250)and chronic periodontitis (CP; n=250). The relationship between
      periodontal status with quality of life and perception of how oral health influences the
      quality of life as well as percieved oral health and oral hygiene consciousness level were
      evaluted.

      Demograhic assesments:

      The age, sex, years of education, monthly income, smoking status, oral hygiene habitsvof each
      participant was recorded.

      Assessment of OHIP:

      The relationship between periodontal status with quality of life is evaluated with OHIP-14
      scale. The validity and reliability of OHIP, consisting of 49 questions, was made by Slade
      and Spencer . The short form of OHIP was developed due to answering and scoring scales can
      take a long time and the validity and reliability of OHIP-14 is confirmed by Slade (Slade,
      1997). The answers are scored according to the Likert scale. Responses to the items were
      recorded on a six-point scale: never=0,seldom=1, sometimes=2, fairly often=3, very often=4
      and all time=5. The high scores revealed the adversely affected quality of life. The
      participants were informed on how to complete the indexes. Cronbach's alpha value, which
      indicates the internal consistency of the scale, is 0.94. The reliability and validity of the
      Turkish version of the OHIP-14 scale was determined by Mumcu et al. (2006) report.

      Assesment of percieved oral health and oral hygiene consciousness level:

      The patient based explanation of the periodontal status and the conciousness level and
      application of oral hygiene measures were detected by applying a questionnaire form.
    

Intervention name(s): quality of life in healthy,gingivitis,periodontitis groups
Intervention type(s): Behavioral
Intervention description(s): a questionnaire form evaluating oral hygiene habits and oral hygiene consciousness levels, OHIP-14 scale was applied
Observational model: Case-Control
Time perspective: Cross-Sectional
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        in our study Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Dentistry Periodontology Clinic evaluated
        individuals who applied for control and treatment purposes
      
Keywords: OHIP-14; Periodontitis