Effect of Micronutrients and Exercise During Pregnancy on Factors Related With Non-Transmissible Chronic Diseases
Condition: Preeclampsia; Pregnancy; Micronutrients; Exercise
MeSH terms: Pre-Eclampsia; Chronic Disease
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      At the moment, most of efforts to prevent non-transmissible chronic diseases at population
      level have been centered in promoting healthful behaviors like physical activity, consumption
      of fruits and vegetables, and discouraging from the consumption of tobacco and alcohol in
      adult population, but the results have been little hopeful. In the last years, manifold
      studies have indicated the relation between metabolic alterations and of the fetal growth
      with the development of non-transmissible chronic diseases in adult age. More recently, it
      has been proposed that maternal factors (endothelial function, oxidative stress and
      alterations in adipokines) and placental ones (mitochondrial dysfunction) are the precursory
      mechanisms of fetal metabolic alterations and of the later development of non-transmissible
      chronic diseases. Also, it has been suggested that possibly supplementation with
      micronutrients and the physical exercise during the gestation can regulate these maternal and
      placental factors. For the reasons just mentioned, it is necessary to clarify if these
      proposed factors are related to fetal metabolic alterations and if the supplementation during
      the gestation with micronutrients and/or the physical exercise can regulate them, which would
      be an early and novel alternative to fortify the prevention of non-transmissible chronic
      diseases in the population.

      Purpose

        1. To evaluate the effect of associated both the maternal and placental metabolic factors
           to non-transmissible chronic diseases in newborn.

        2. To evaluate the effect of the physical exercise and the complementation with
           micronutrients during the pregnancy either in the endothelial function, the levels of
           adipokines, the oxidative stress of the mother and the newborn, as in the placental
           mitochondrial function and the anthropometry of newborn.
    

Detailed description: 
      Hypothesis:

        1. There is correlation between the metabolic factors, related to non-transmissible chronic
           diseases, of the mother and those of the newborn one.

        2. Supplementation with either micronutrients or physical exercise influence beneficially
           as much in the endothelial function, oxidative stress, the levels in adipokines of the
           mother and the newborn one like in the placental mitochondrial function.

        3. The simultaneous intervention with micronutrients or physical exercise produces an
           additional beneficial effect in the metabolic state of the mother and the newborn one.

        4. The metabolic alterations when being born are not exclusive of newborn with
           anthropometric measures located either in the inferior or superior percentiles.
    

Intervention name(s): Regular aerobic physical exercise; Micronutrients; Activities of daily living + placebo
Intervention type(s): Behavioral; Dietary Supplement; Other
Intervention description(s): Walking (10 minutes), aerobic exercise (30 minutes), stretching (10 minutes) and relaxation exercise (10 minutes). Exercise will be performed at three sessions per week. All sessions will be supervised by a physical therapist and a physical educator.; Zinc 30mg, Magnesium 400mg, Beta-carotene 9 mg, Tocopherol 30mg, vitamin C 200mg y Niacin 100mg.; Basic activities of daily living (bathing, dressing, eating, walking) without counseling by a physical therapist and prenatal care.
Placebo Comparator: Equivalent to placebo (maltodextrin).
Other intervention name(s): Intervention I; Intervention II
Intervention MeSH terms: Micronutrients; Trace Elements
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: Double (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Basic Science
Keywords: Pregnancy; Exercise; Nutrition; Micronutrients; non-transmissible chronic diseases; Endothelium