Vasoprotective Activities of Low-Fat Milk in Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome
Condition: Cardiovascular Disease; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Metabolic Syndrome; Syndrome
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The purpose of this study is to define whether the acute consumption of low-fat milk protects
      against postprandial vascular endothelial dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress responses
      that limit nitric oxide bioavailability to the vascular endothelium. The investigators
      hypothesis is that the consumption of low-fat milk will improve postprandial vascular
      endothelial function in an oxidative stress-dependent manner that allows greater nitric oxide
      (NO) bioavailability. The objectives of this study are to 1) examine improvements in
      postprandial vascular endothelial function in response to low-fat milk ingestion, 2) define
      low-fat milk-mediated improvements in circulating biomarkers of redox status, and 3) define
      the mechanism by which low-fat milk improves NO bioavailability. Collectively, the successful
      completion of these studies is expected to define NO mediated activities of low-fat milk that
      protect against vascular endothelial dysfunction in individuals at high risk for developing
      CVD.
    

Detailed description: 
      Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting
      for ~830,000 deaths annually. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses are fundamental
      mechanisms leading to vascular endothelial dysfunction because of their role in reducing
      nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Greater intakes of dairy foods have been associated with a
      lower incidence of CVD-related morbidity. Although the mechanisms by which dairy protects
      against CVD remain unclear, epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest that the
      concerted actions of bioactive milk-derived peptides and micronutrients may protect against
      hypertension and future CVD risk by improving vascular endothelial function. Therefore, the
      objective of this study is to define the mechanisms by which the acute consumption of low-fat
      milk protects against postprandial vascular endothelial dysfunction by reducing oxidative
      stress responses that limit NO bioavailability to the vascular endothelium. In this study,
      participants having the metabolic syndrome will ingest low-fat milk or rice milk on a single
      occasion. Then, vascular function and biomarkers of oxidative stress and NO metabolism will
      be monitored at 30 min intervals throughout a 180 min postprandial period. Collectively,
      these studies will help identify how postprandial vascular function is regulated in
      individuals at high-risk for CVD, and whether low-fat dairy consumption can be used as a
      strategy to better improve vascular function.
    

Intervention name(s): Low-Fat Milk; Rice Milk
Intervention type(s): Other; Other
Intervention description(s): Participants will ingest 2 cups of low-fat milk on 1 occasion.; Participants will ingest 2 cups of rice milk on 1 occasion.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Basic Science
Keywords: cardiovascular disease; oxidative stress; dairy consumption; metabolic syndrome; obesity; endothelial function