Turkish Version of the Smart Tools Proneness Questionnaire
Condition: Health, Subjective
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      Technologically advanced tool solutions (i.e., the highest level of automation) may not
      always be the preferred choice for participants when given an option. Various experiments
      show that in vehicles, low to moderate levels of automation are often preferred over highly
      automated vehicles. The association of higher task demands with smarter tools has been
      reported to influence tool selection along with task demand. However, participants may avoid
      using a fully automatic tool even if the task is highly laborious. In fact, in a series of
      experiments, participants more distinctly preferred manually completing routine tasks over
      more efficient fully automatic task completion.

      Based on these collective theories, the Smart Tools Proneness Questionnaire (STP-Q),
      developed by Navarro J. and colleagues, aims to explore and measure interindividual
      differences influencing an individual's propensity to use smart tools, their initial
      selection of smart tools, and subsequent usage. In practice, measuring the propensity of any
      individual to use smart tools will be significantly beneficial for both professionals and
      non-professionals involved in designing, producing, and implementing such tools. Therefore,
      the purpose of this study is to translate, validate, and establish the reliability of the
      Turkish version of the STP-Q.
    

Detailed description: 
      Individuals have developed a unique and enduring relationship with the tools they use. This
      relationship can be described as the creation and use of tools to define the human species.
      With advancements in techniques and technologies, complex human-tool interactions now occur
      in many daily situations. The development of these more complex human-tool interactions
      accompanies the creation of smarter tools. These advanced tools are increasingly inclined
      towards autonomy and their functionalities now surpass the understanding of most users, and
      even the initial designers.

      Smart tools are understood as any machine or device that can complete tasks involving
      information, mechanics, or electronics in lieu of or in connection with individuals. The
      smartphone can now be considered a ubiquitous example of such tools, reaching approximately
      half or more of the global population in the past decade. In high-income countries in North
      America and Europe, over 80% of the population owns a smartphone. The idea that individual
      differences play a crucial role in the implementation of any technological innovation has
      become a recurring theme in various disciplines, including information systems,
      manufacturing, and marketing.

      Technologically advanced tool solutions (i.e., the highest level of automation) may not
      always be the preferred choice for participants when given an option. Various experiments
      show that in vehicles, low to moderate levels of automation are often preferred over highly
      automated vehicles. The association of higher task demands with smarter tools has been
      reported to influence tool selection along with task demand. However, participants may avoid
      using a fully automatic tool even if the task is highly laborious. In fact, in a series of
      experiments, participants more distinctly preferred manually completing routine tasks over
      more efficient fully automatic task completion.

      Based on these collective theories, the Smart Tools Proneness Questionnaire (STP-Q),
      developed by Navarro J. and colleagues, aims to explore and measure interindividual
      differences influencing an individual's propensity to use smart tools, their initial
      selection of smart tools, and subsequent usage. In practice, measuring the propensity of any
      individual to use smart tools will be significantly beneficial for both professionals and
      non-professionals involved in designing, producing, and implementing such tools. Therefore,
      the purpose of this study is to translate, validate, and establish the reliability of the
      Turkish version of the STP-Q.
    

Intervention name(s): Questionnaire
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): The translation and cultural adaptation of the survey will be conducted according to the guidelines of Beaton et al. Following the Beaton guidelines, the translation and cultural adaptation steps are as follows: 1) The original version of the survey will be translated into Turkish separately by two individuals whose native language is Turkish and who are proficient in English. One translator will be an English linguistics scholar unfamiliar with the concepts and terms, while the other will be a physiotherapist familiar with the concepts and terms; 2) Subsequently, the translations will be merged into a single text by these two translators; 3) The final Turkish version of the survey will be translated back into English by two translators who are unaware of the study; 4) The translations will then be combined by these two translators to create a harmonized and single text; 5) The back-translation and cultural adaptation
Other intervention name(s): Demographic Data
Observational model: Other
Time perspective: Other
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  The inclusion criteria for participants in this validation study require individuals
             to be 18-55 years, actively use smart devices, provide written consent, possess
             proficiency in the Turkish language, and not have specific abnormalities or
             impairments that may hinder accurate survey completion. Ethical considerations,
             aligned with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration, will be maintained throughout
             the study.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Conversely, exclusion criteria involve disqualifying individuals below the age of 18
             or above 55, non-users of smart devices, those unwilling to provide written consent,
             individuals lacking proficiency in Turkish, and those with physical or cognitive
             impairments. This comprehensive approach ensures that participants are suitable for
             the research, promoting reliable and meaningful responses while upholding ethical
             standards in the study's execution.
      
Keywords: Smart Devices; Human-Tool Interaction; Reliability and Validity; Digital Literacy