Effect of Exercise on Selected Anthropometric,Biochemical and Physiological Variables Among Hypertensive Patients
Condition: Hypertension
MeSH terms: Hypertension
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Hypertension is the most common risk factor for development of stroke, congestive heart
      failure chronic kidney disease, and coronary artery disease in Sub Saharan Africa. The
      prevalence of hypertension will increase by 2025 in most parts of the world including
      Ethiopia according to World Health Organization.

      Physical inactivity has been identified as a stronger predictor of chronic diseases such as
      hypertension. Exercise as a lifestyle modification is beneficial to a wide variety of health
      conditions, specific to hypertension; the benefits of exercise have been promoted by a number
      of organizations and agencies including World Health Organization.

      According to the knowledge of the investigator there are no research works in relation to
      aerobic and resistance exercise effects among hypertensive patients generally in Ethiopia,
      and particularly in the area selected for the present research. Therefore the aim of this
      study is to assess the effect of aerobic and resistance exercises on selected anthropometric,
      biochemical and physiological variables among hypertensive patients in Hawassa University
      Referral Hospital.
    

Detailed description: 
      For eligible participants the requirements of the study will be explained and agree
      voluntarily to undergo the training and testing program. During orientation for each
      participant the risks, purpose, procedures and confidentiality of the requirement of the
      experiment testing as well as training protocol will be explained thoroughly prior to their
      written informed consent in their local language, and they have a full right to refuse from
      participating in this research or they have also the full right to withdraw from this study
      at any time they wish.

      After acquisition of informed consent and exclusion criteria eligible participants will be
      randomized to one of four groups. Sequence allocation will be done by an individual who do
      not know and have no contact with the study participants .

      Statistical analyses will be done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version
      20). One-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) will be used to assess differences between initial
      values of the four groups on all the variables measured. In addition, the effect of the
      experimental treatments on the anthropometric, biochemical and physiological variables will
      be examined by using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
    

Intervention name(s): Aerobic exercise .; Resistance exercise; Aerobic and resistance exercise
Intervention type(s): Other; Other; Other
Intervention description(s): The aerobic exercise group will perform brisk walking. Intensity of the aerobic exercise program will be progressively increased throughout the 16-week program. Intensity of aerobic exercise will be 40-65% of maximum heart rate , which is low to moderate.Duration of each session will be 45 minutes. Aerobic exercise will be performed 3 days per week.; The resistance exercise group will perform 8 different exercises. Frequency of exercises per week is 3 days and duration of each exercise session is 45minutes. Interval rest among different exercises is 1minute.The intensity and repetition of resistance exercises is progressive. Participants will be exercised at 30% intensity (low intensity) for upper body and 50% intensity (moderate intensity) repetition voluntary maximum for lower body.
Progressive, dynamic and rhythmical, alternative to upper-body and lower-body works and circuit resistance training of low to moderate intensity exercises will be executed.; The aerobic and resistance exercise group will perform 23 minutes aerobic exercises and 22 minutes resistance exercises. The exercises will be performed three days per week . Intensity of aerobic and resistance exercise group for aerobic and resistance exercises are similar with intensity of aerobic group and resistance group exercises respectively.
Other intervention name(s): Non pharmacological; Non pharmacological; Non pharmacological
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single (Participant)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Hypertension; Anthropometry; Aerobic exercise; Resistance exercise