Brunnstrom Movement Therapy Versus Mirror Therapy on Hand Function in Stroke
Condition: Stroke
MeSH terms: Stroke
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      This study will be randomized clinical trial. Non Probability consecutive sampling technique
      will be used. Data will be collected from patients having stroke by using tools i.e
      Fugl-Meyer assessment: wrist and hand (FMA- WH) and Brunnstrom Hand Manipulation (BRS-H).
      Those who will meet inclusion criteria will be recruited. An informed consent will be taken
      from all patients. The recruited subjects will be assessed according to outcome measures.
      Patients will be divided into 2 groups. Group A will be treated with Brunnstrom Movement
      Therapy plus Conventional therapy for 1 hour, 3 sessions per week (4 weeks) and Group B will
      be treated with Mirror Therapy plus Conventional therapy for 45 min, 3 sessions per week ( 4
      weeks) 5 movements, 10 repetitions. Outcome measures will be measured at baseline, 2 weeks
      and after 4 weeks. Data analysis will be done by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
      version 25.
    

Detailed description: 
      Stroke commonly known as Cerebro-Vascular Accident (CVA), is stated as a sudden commencement
      of neurological discrepancy which is attributable to a pivotal vascular basis. In modest
      words, it is a "brain attack", which occurs when the brain fails to get adequate blood
      circulation, as a result, brain cells do not get a sufficient amount of oxygen, and cells
      start dying ultimately. Brunnstrom movement therapy uses reflexes to develop movement
      behavior through sensory stimulation, in order to inhibit spasticity and movement retraining
      to enhance recovery. Mirror therapy (MT) in stroke patients involves performing unimpaired
      limb movements while observing there reflection of the mirror overlapping the impaired limb,
      creating a visual illusion of increased movement capacity in the impaired limb.

      In previous researches, various conventional and contemporary approaches such as Brunnstrom,
      and Mirror therapy have been used to rehabilitate the hand after stroke in clinical settings.
      Previous literature was focus on digital and other conventional methods. However, despite a
      revolution in the number of therapeutic protocols, evidence of efficacy remains limited. Both
      BHM and MT have been studied separately to evaluate their respective effectiveness. However,
      no study has been found comparing the two protocols exclusively for hand motor recovery.
    

Intervention name(s): Brunnstrom movement therapy.; Mirror Therapy
Intervention type(s): Other; Other
Intervention description(s): Group A: Will be treated with Brunnstrom movement therapy for three days in a week for four weeks (1 h) approximately 12 sessions to every subject.
Subjects received Brunnstrom hand manipulation (BHM) and conventional occupational therapy for the upper extremity and lower extremities. The detailed BHM is applied on hand. The major goal of the BHM was the acquisition of mass grasp and mass release of objects. Once the goal was achieved, more prehensile activities were focused. Reflexive, passive, synergistic and active movements were used sequentially to enhance the hand recovery.; Group B: Will be treated with Mirror therapy 45 minutes, for three days in a week for four weeks approximately 12 sessions to every subjects.
First 30 minutes therapy consists of conventional therapy as given conventional tasks only with the affected upper extremity. 15 minutes were continued with mirror. Mirror is placed in front of the midline of the patient so that the affected limb is fully covered by the mirror and the reflection of the unaffected limb is fully visible. The affected limb positioned in a safe and comfortable position behind the mirror. The non-affected limb should be positioned in a similar position as the affected limb, as this facilitates the intensity of the mirror illusion. Patients in the experimental group received 45 minutes of consecutive session.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Brunnstorm movement therapy; Stroke; Hemiplegia; Mirror Therapy