Post-operative Pain With Different Apical Finishing Sizes After Single Visit Root Canal Treatment
Condition: Pain Assessment
MeSH terms: Pain, Postoperative
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      This is a randomized controlled parallel clinical, prospective split mouth, triple blinded
      study. Sample size calculation was conducted and it was 25 subjects per group for a total of
      50 sides to compensate for drop-outs.

      Patient selection and preparation:

      All root canal treatments were performed by a single endodontic consultant. All subjects were
      selected from walk in patients presented to the endodontic clinic of the British university
      in Egypt. Cases that met the inclusion criteria where selected for this study. All patients
      were verbally informed about the procedure's benefits and that the results of the treatment
      will be used to this study and the risks of the procedure was explicitly explained to them.
      After the verbal consent patients were handed a written form consent to sign upon.

      All data of post-operative pain were recorded by a second blinded clinician through a visual
      analog scale (VAS). Post-operative monitoring periods will be recorded in 12 hours, 24 hours,
      3 days and one week Data was sent to the statistician with group names only to fulfill the
      triple blinding criteria and results will be interpreted
    

Detailed description: 
      This is a randomized controlled parallel clinical, prospective split mouth, triple blinded
      study. Sample size calculation was conducted using G*Power 3.1.9.4 software based on data
      obtained from a previous study ] It was estimated that a minimum sample size of 19 subjects
      (sides) per group for a total of 38 sides would be essential for an effect size of 0.97 with
      an alpha error of 0.05 and a power beta of 0.90 to achieve 95% confidence of a true
      difference between the groups. Sample size was increased by 25% to 25 subjects per group for
      a total of 50 sides to compensate for drop-outs.

      Patient selection and preparation:

      All root canal treatments were performed by a single endodontic consultant. All subjects were
      selected from walk in patients presented to the endodontic clinic of the British university
      in Egypt. Cases that were diagnosed and did not meet the inclusion criteria were referred to
      the intern clinic for dental care. Cases that met the inclusion criteria where selected for
      this study. All patients were verbally informed about the procedure's benefits and that the
      results of the treatment will be used to this study and the risks of the procedure was
      explicitly explained to them. After the verbal consent patients were handed a written form
      consent to sign upon.

      Procedure:

      Radiographs were taken by a Paralleled long cone periapical radiography. To ensure a visible
      root canal ≤30° of canal curvature and a periapical index (PAI score) of 3-5 in addition of
      initial confirmation of root canal types. All patients were anesthetized, rubber dam applied,
      and access cavities were performed. After root canal exploration and scouting, root canal
      systems were reconfirmed to be the types selected for this study.

      Initial binding file was selected for all root canals to ensure it met the inclusion size of
      mesial roots #20 and distal #30. After patency and glide path were performed by K-files up to
      size #20, engine driven canal enlargement was applied using E3 Azure files to final finishing
      size according to the grouping.

      Group A: (left side of the patient) were prepared 2 sizes larger than the IBF, to size
      35#/.04 mesial canals and 40#/.04 distal canals.

      Group B: (right side of the patient) were prepared 3 sizes larger than the IBF, to size
      40#/.04 mesial canals and 45#/.04 distal canals.

      All data of post-operative pain were recorded by a second blinded clinician through a visual
      analog scale (VAS). Post-operative monitoring periods will be recorded in 12 hours, 24 hours,
      3 days and 1 week.

      Data was sent to the statistician with group names only to fulfill the triple blinding
      criteria and results will be interpreted
    

Intervention name(s): Pain assessment
Intervention type(s): Behavioral
Intervention description(s): Pain was assesd postoperatively in both groups at time intervals
Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Retrospective
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        All types of adult population