Serum FGF21 Levels and Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity in Type 2 Diabetes
Condition: Type 2 Diabetes
MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemicals and total antioxidant capacity in the diets
      of individuals with type 2 diabetes and assess their relationship with glycemic parameters,
      as well as certain biochemical parameters and Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which is
      an inflammatory marker. The study was conducted on a total of 80 individuals, including 40
      patients with overweight or obesity (Body Mass Index (BMI) > 25 kg/m²) with type 2 diabetes
      aged between 18 and 64, and 40 healthy controls (BMI between 18.5-35 kg/m²). The individuals
      were followed for 12 weeks with an appropriate diet. Biochemical parameters, anthropometric
      measurements, and dietary intake records were monitored at specific intervals throughout the
      study. The phytochemical index and total antioxidant capacity of the individuals' diets were
      measured, and FGF21 was examined in the serum.
    

Detailed description: 
      Individuals were divided into two groups: type 2 diabetes and control. Individuals with type
      2 diabetes were followed for 12 weeks with an appropriate diet specific to their condition,
      and necessary measurements were taken at the beginning, 4th week, and 12th week. No dietary
      intervention was made for the control group, and necessary measurements were taken at the
      beginning and 12th week. At the control points, biochemical parameters, serum samples,
      anthropometric measurements (body composition, weight, height, waist circumference, hip
      circumference), 24-hour dietary intake record, and 24-hour physical activity record were
      evaluated. In the experimental group, dietary intake was recorded at the beginning (week 0),
      4th week, and 12th week. The dietary intake of the control group was examined at week 0 and
      week 12.

      The "Phytochemical Index" method was used to calculate the total phytochemical intake from
      the diet. The total antioxidant capacity of the diet was calculated using data obtained from
      dietary intake records based on Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP), Oxygen Radical
      Absorbance Capacity (ORAC), Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), and Total Reactive
      Antioxidant Potential (TRAP) methods. Additionally, physical activity was determined using a
      recording method. Body compositions at all three control points will be determined using the
      bioelectrical impedance method, and waist and hip circumference measurements were taken using
      a non-stretchable tape measure. Routine biochemical parameters for the type 2 diabetic group
      (fasting blood glucose, serum lipids, HbA1c) were obtained from the records. Serum samples
      collected after a 10-12 hour fasting period at the beginning and 12th week were analyzed for
      Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) using suitable kits.
    

Intervention name(s): Type 2 Diabetes Diet Modification
Intervention type(s): Behavioral
Intervention description(s): A 12-week dietary intervention model was prescribed to the patients in accordance with their needs.
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Screening
Keywords: FGF-21; type 2 diabetes; antioxidant capacity; phytochemical index