Bibliotherapy-based Psychoeducation Program the Effect of Elderly Individuals on Depression and Hopelessness Levels
Condition: Elderly People; Depressive Symptoms; Despondency
MeSH terms: Depression
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Bibliotherapy has been mainly focused on the social and emotional problems of children and
      young people, and studies with the elderly are very few. Based on the suggestion of meeting
      the right book with the right individual, which is the basis of bibliotherapy, it is
      predicted that the bibliotherapy method can be useful in reducing depression and increasing
      hope in the elderly, with the selection of books that are suitable for the cognitive levels
      of the elderly.
    

Detailed description: 
      Today, one of the most important social changes is the aging of the world population. The
      number and rate of elderly individuals is increasing in the populations of almost all
      countries in the world. During the aging process, increasing number and severity of health
      problems, decreasing functional abilities, loss of spouse and friends, financial constraints,
      retirement, loss of social status are the problems that elderly individuals can potentially
      encounter in life change. In the face of these problems, the elderly may feel worthless and
      experience negative feelings such as depression and hopelessness.

      Nurses have important responsibilities in the health services provided to elderly individuals
      in the old age, when hopelessness and depression can be experienced intensely. Cognitive and
      mental status are considered in the evaluation of the elderly individual. In this sense, in
      the approach to the elderly person with depression, the nurse should make a comprehensive
      assessment of the signs and symptoms of depression that may be seen in the individual. The
      aim of nursing care includes taking a role in the prevention, recognition, treatment and care
      of depression. The more effective use of the independent roles of the nurse in nursing care
      increases the quality of the care provided. One of the methods to be applied in this sense is
      art therapy.

      Art therapy is a supportive treatment method that enables individuals to express themselves,
      gain coping skills and increase their resilience by using art as a tool in the Nursing
      Intervention Classification. It helps them to develop their interpersonal skills, reduce
      stress, manage their behavior, increase their self-esteem, self-confidence and gain
      insight.Creating art and reflecting it on art products can increase individuals'
      self-confidence, enable them to cope with stress and other traumatic experiences, improve
      their cognitive skills and enjoy life.

      Bibliotherapy, which can be expressed as a method of improving mental health through reading,
      includes the use of non-fiction self-help books, as well as the treatment of emotional and
      behavioral disorders through a literary work, poem or film. As a matter of fact, studies have
      shown that tales, stories and myths are effective tools in counseling and contribute to the
      healing of clients. This technique has been used successfully in the treatment of many
      problems in children, adolescents, adults and the elderly and its effectiveness has been
      proven. Bibliotherapy has been mainly focused on the social and emotional problems of
      children and young people, and studies with the elderly are very few. Based on the suggestion
      of meeting the right book with the right individual, which is the basis of bibliotherapy, it
      is predicted that the bibliotherapy method can be useful in reducing depression and
      increasing hope in the elderly, with the selection of books that are suitable for the
      cognitive levels of the elderly.
    

Intervention name(s): bibliotherapy-based psychoeducation program; psychoeducation program
Intervention type(s): Behavioral; Behavioral
Intervention description(s): In this study, the researcher aimed to gain awareness, skills and attitudes in order to help the participants reduce the negative consequences of depression and hopelessness. Based on the general purpose, a separate target has been established for each session of both intervention types. For bibliotherapy-based psychoeducation, story texts compatible with the goals were added to each session, and the psychoeducation part was supported by bibliotherapy. Considering the ability of the elderly to attend the training regularly, their attention and coordination, it was decided that the study would consist of 6 sessions and each session would be 60 minutes on average.; The General Purpose of the Psychoeducation Program for Reducing Depression and Hopelessness: To help the participants gain awareness, skills and attitudes in order to help them reduce their depression and hopelessness levels.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention model description: This research is a randomized controlled experimental study to compare the effects of two psychoeducational programs prepared in accordance with the principles of psychoeducation and bibliotherapy on the depression and hopelessness levels of elderly individuals. In this study, there are pre-test, post-test, follow-up test and comparative experimental group. In this model, there are 2 different experimental groups and 1 control group created by randomization. No intervention will be made in the control group. There will be 13 people in each group.
Masking: Single (Investigator)
Primary purpose: Prevention
Keywords: Bibliotherapy; elderly individuals; depression; despair; psychoeducation