Prospective Study to Characterize Host-pathogen Related Factors in Hospitalized and ED Patients With LRTI and/or Sepsis
Condition: LRTI; Sepsis; Fungal Infections; Bacteremia; Fever Without Source
MeSH terms: Infections; Sepsis; Toxemia; Bacteremia; Mycoses
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      The TAILORED-Treatment consortium was established to develop new tools aimed to increase the
      effectiveness of antibiotic and antifungal therapy, reduce adverse events, and help limit the
      emergence of antimicrobial resistance in children and adults.
    

Detailed description: 
      The TAILORED-Treatment consortium was established to develop new tools aimed to increase the
      effectiveness of antibiotic and antifungal therapy, reduce adverse events, and help limit the
      emergence of antimicrobial resistance in children and adults.

      In reality, targeted antimicrobial therapy can most effectively be achieved by utilizing
      personalized data to facilitate a tailored and optimized approach to individual patient
      treatment. This can best be achieved by utilizing knowledge gained from both host-centered
      and pathogen-centered parameters during health and disease. Unfortunately, these parameters
      have traditionally, tended to be measured independently (for example using microbial culture
      or PCR-based methods for microbial detection, or measurement of the immune response to
      infections and/or blood-based biomarkers in the host), and used on an ad hoc basis without
      careful integration for the best treatment of the patient. However, recent advances in the
      development of high-throughput and sensitive molecular-based technologies, on-line internet
      database access tools, and bioinformatics analysis, now means that the goal of personalized
      medicine and treatment is in sight. Unfortunately however, there currently exists a
      technological gap between recent state-of-the-art methodologies (for example with respect to
      gaining new insights into novel host-pathogen interactions) and laboratory-to-bedside results
      to benefit patients, physicians and society as a whole. The TAILORED-Treatment project is
      designed to bridge this technological gap in order to generate novel insights and innovations
      that are readily exploitable for the maximum benefit of multiple stakeholders in the field of
      personalized medicine and infectious diseases.
    

Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Eligible subjects aged one month of age and older from both genders that attend the
        hospital or the ED due to a suspected respiratory infections and/or sepsis (onset of
        symptoms ≤8 days prior to recruitment) or due to a non-infectious disease. These subjects
        are expected to fall into one of the following categories:

          1. Patients with an acute bacterial infection

          2. Patients with an acute viral infection

          3. Patients with an acute mixed co-infection (bacterial and viral)

          4. Patients with a fungal infection

          5. Patients with an undetermined disease etiology

          6. Patients with a non-infectious disease (control group) Patients from subgroups 1-6
             will also be classified based on the presence or absence of sepsis or severe sepsis.
      
Biospecimen description: 
      Blood samples Nasopharyngeal samples