Air Polishing Effect on Biological, Clinical and Patient-reported Experience Among Epileptic and Non-epileptic Children
Condition: Epilepsy; Gingivitis
MeSH terms: Gingivitis
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      In epileptic and non Epileptic children, the full dentition of each patient was split into
      four quadrants, starting from the upper right quadrant (1) and moving clockwise until the
      lower right quadrant (4). Bundled into two groups: quadrant (1+3) vs. (2+4). After
      randomization, each of these pairs of quadrants had the same treatment modality; test
      quadrants received treatment with airflow to remove soft biofilm, and ultrasonic scaler for
      areas with calculus deposits, and control quadrants were treated with conventional rubber cup
      polishing to remove soft biofilm and ultrasonic scaler for calculus deposits.
    

Detailed description: 
      The treatment of each quadrant was administered sequentially, beginning with the upper right
      quadrant. Treatment duration was measured in seconds from the start of treatment in each
      quadrant until the removal of all disclosed biofilm and calculus. This process was repeated
      for each quadrant individually. And intra-oral photographs were taken before, immediately
      after treatment, and at follow-up time.

      Conventional treatment was conducted after biofilm disclosure by a rubber cup and prophylaxis
      paste spearmint (Kemdent Works, Purton. Swindon, Wiltshire. SN5 4HT, UK). The power setting
      was between 70% and 100%. The rubber cup was used until all biofilm was removed, then, if
      present, calculus was removed by Electro Medical Systems (EMS) ultrasonic scaler with a power
      setting between 3-6 on the Airflow control panel.

      For Airflow, treatment was conducted after biofilm disclosure. The powder chamber of the air
      polishing device was filled with low-abrasive erythritol powder, according to the
      manufacturer's instructions. The tip of the handpiece was positioned at an angle of 70° to
      the surface of the tooth to be polished at 3 mm from the tooth surface. Once activated, a
      non-stop movement from mesial to distal and distal to mesial in a smiley face shape starting
      from the gingival sulcus and moving upwards coronally to the incisal to cover the entire
      clinical crown was performed, with a power setting ranging from 3-6 on the control panel of
      the airflow device. EMS ultrasonic scaler was used to remove calculus if present with a power
      ranging from 3-6.
    

Intervention name(s): Air polishing with erythritol powder; Conventional treatment
Intervention type(s): Device; Device
Intervention description(s): Air polishing with erythritol powder utilized for biofilm disclosing and, followed by an ultrasonic scaler to remove calculus if present.; Rubber cup polishing with prophy paste after biofilm disclosing, followed by ultrasonic scaling of calculus if present.
Other intervention name(s): Airflow; Rubber cup polishing
Intervention MeSH terms: Erythritol
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention model description: Split-Mouth Design Clinical Trial
Masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Air polishing; Airflow; Erythritol; Oral health of special healthcare needs children