The Effect of Yoga on Care Load, Quality of Life, and Psychological Well-Being of Indivıduals With Special Needs
Condition: Caregiver Burden; Quality of Life; Psychological Stress
MeSH terms: Caregiver Burden; Stress, Psychological
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The fact that an individual has a physical, social or mental disability affects not only the
      individual, but also the close environment of the individual and even the society in which he
      lives. Those who are most affected by this situation in the society are undoubtedly the
      caregivers. Caregivers of individuals with disabilities experience more anxiety than other
      caregivers, spare less time for themselves, and participate in less physical and social
      activities. As a result of social, physical and emotional burdens on parents and other
      caregivers of disabled individuals, low quality of life, unhealthy family function and
      negative psychological conditions are observed in caregivers, especially stress. Problems
      related to financial situation, exclusion from social environment, psychological state, sense
      of burnout and educational status are among the other problems experienced by caregivers. The
      aim of this study; The aim of this study is to examine the effects of technology supported
      yoga applied to caregivers of individuals with special needs on care burden, quality of life
      and psychological well-being. Research data will be collected from the caregivers of
      individuals with special needs registered in a Guidance and Research Center in a province.
      The data of the study will be collected using the Socio-demographic Data Collection Form, the
      Caregiver Burden Scale, the Multidimensional Quality of Life Scale, and the Warwick-Edinburgh
      Mental Well-Being Scale. The study is in a randomized controlled design. SPSS 25.0 program
      will be used in the data analysis of the research. Descriptive data will be analyzed using
      number, percentage, mean, standard deviations. Spearman test will be applied to determine the
      correlations between the scale scores. of groups Homogeneity in terms of descriptive
      statistics will be analyzed with the Kolmogorov Smirnov Test. Student t or Mann Whitney U
      tests will be used to compare numerical data in two independent groups, and One-way ANOVA or
      Kruskal Wallis tests will be used for comparisons in more than two independent groups.
      Relationships between categorical variables will be tested with chi-square test and
      relationships between numerical variables will be tested with correlation coefficient. The
      significance level will be accepted as 0.05. The power and effect size of the study will be
      calculated by regression analysis.
    

Detailed description: 
      Caregivers mostly consist of parents and even mothers. As primary caregivers in the care of a
      healthy newborn, mothers experience many physical, emotional and mental problems. Every
      parent makes plans for their child to be born, their social environment and their own
      expectations for their children are formed, and therefore, giving birth to a disabled child
      means that all these planning and expectations are subject to change. Problems related to
      financial situation, exclusion from social environment, psychological state, sense of burnout
      and educational status are among the other problems experienced by caregivers. It has been
      determined that there are many problems that caregivers experience psychologically, and it is
      necessary to support caregivers by conducting various interventional studies for these
      problems. As a result of the researches carried out in the caregivers of the disabled
      individuals, the existence of negative psychological conditions such as low quality of life,
      depression and anxiety has been determined and it has been seen that interventional studies
      are needed in this regard. It has been concluded that yoga has positive effects on other
      caregivers regarding the problems experienced by caregivers of disabled individuals. This
      study was planned in accordance with the randomized controlled research design. It will be
      held between November 2021 and April 2022 with the caregivers of the students registered in
      the Guidance and Research Centers in Gebze and Darıca Districts of Kocaeli Province. All
      caregivers between the ages of 18-65 of the students enrolled in the Guidance and Research
      Centers in Gebze and Darıca Districts in Kocaeli constitute the universe of the research.
      Using the G Power 3.1.9.4 program, the sample size calculated with a confidence interval of
      0.05 and a power of 90% and a large effect size was calculated to be 16 for each group and a
      total of 32 caregiver studies. It is planned to reach 40 caregivers from each group and 80
      caregivers in total, considering the parametric test assumptions and 10% sample loss.
      Randomization: After filling the pre-test questionnaires with the caregivers who agreed to
      participate in the research, it will be done by using the SPSS (24.0) statistical package
      program in the computer environment, taking into account the care burden, quality of life and
      psychological well-being scale scores. Inclusion Criteria; -Being between the ages of 18- 65,
      -Caring for a person with special needs for 6 months or more, -Having no physical dysfunction
      that would prevent doing yoga (COPD, septum deviation, etc.) -Having never done yoga before,
      -Refused to participate in the study -Speaking Turkish, -The caregiver has internet access,
      -The caregiver has a computer/tablet with a camera Exclusion criteria; - Having cognitive and
      musculoskeletal system, neuromuscular and chronic systemic diseases that prevent doing yoga,
      - Having had a surgical operation in the last 1 month, - Not being willing to participate in
      the study. Socio-demographic data and web-based yoga initiative were defined as independent
      variables. Scale total scores and sub-dimension total scores were defined as dependent
      variables. Socio-demographic Data Collection Form, Caregiver Burden Scale, Multidimensional
      Quality of Life Scale and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale will be applied to
      caregivers in the intervention and control groups included in the study. Informed consent
      will be obtained from caregivers participating in the study.

      The yoga initiative to be applied to the intervention group; Yoga, which is mind-breath-body
      work; It includes meditation, pranayama (breath work), and asanas (yoga poses). The yoga
      practice will be applied by the researcher who has a RYT-200 Yoga Alliance yoga instructor
      certificate over the Zoom application in order to minimize the risk of infection, considering
      the COVID-19 pandemic period.

      The content of the yoga practice consists of the following poses:

      -Tadasana (Mountain pose), -Urdhvahastasana, -Uttanasana, -Ardha Uttanasana, -Plank, -Ashtang
      Pranam, -Bhujangasana (Mini cobra), -Adho Mukha Svanasana (Downward facing dog), -Vrksasana
      (Tree Pose), - Utthita Trikonasana (Triangle Pose), -Virabhadrasana I (Warrior I),
      -Virabhadrasana II (Warrior II), -Virabhadrasana I with Anjali Mudra (Hands Reverse Namaste),
      -Utkatasana (Chair Pose), -Salabhasana, -Paschimottanasana , -Dandasana, -Salamba
      Sarvangasana (Shoulder pose), -Ardha Urdhva Dhanurasana (Half Wheel Pose), -Reverse Warrior,
      -Child's pose, -Ananda Balasana (Happy baby), -Wipers, -Corpse Pose Evaluation of Data: While
      evaluating the data of the research, descriptive statistics (mean, std. deviation, median,
      etc.) for numerical variables and frequency distributions for categorical variables will be
      given. In the study, Kolmogorov Smirnov or Shapiro-Wilk normal distribution test will be used
      to examine the conformity of the variables to the normal distribution. Demographic data,
      total scores obtained from the scales in the experimental and control groups will be compared
      with the chi-square and t test. The difference between the experimental and control groups
      will be evaluated with an independent two-group t-test. The significance level will be
      accepted as 0.05. The power and effect size of the study will be calculated by regression
      analysis
    

Intervention name(s): Yoga Practice; Ongoing caregivers
Intervention type(s): Other; Other
Intervention description(s): In this study, the yoga initiative to be made for the caregivers in the experimental group consists of breathing, meditation and yoga poses.; Caregivers included in the control group, who did not apply any yoga intervention, will be observed as caregivers.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single (Participant)
Primary purpose: Supportive Care
Keywords: yoga; Caregiver burden; Quality of Life; psychological well-being; individuals with special needs