bioihbjkbjnl/mcl2 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Prevention of Paranoia in Adolescents at High Risk
Condition: ARMS; APS; Prodromal Symptoms
MeSH terms: Prodromal Symptoms; Paranoid Disorders
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The main objective of this study is to decrease the severity of symptoms and improve
      psycho-social functioning in youth at high risk of developing psychosis by providing a
      specialized Group-and-Family-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (GF-CBT).
    

Detailed description: 
      24 adolescents and young adults between the ages of 12 and 25 who are at high risk of
      developing psychosis and exhibit paranoid ideation will be recruited to participate in a
      pilot randomized controlled trial. Subjects will be randomly assigned to the intervention
      (GF-CBT)or control (symptom monitoring) groups. GF-CBT is based on a cognitive
      neuropsychiatric model of delusions, and incorporates recent developments in learning and
      cognitive theories. GF-CBT consists of individual, group, and family group sessions. The
      three-part program teaches adolescents and family members Cognitive Behavioral skills that
      they can continue using on their own after completion of the program. Preliminary efficacy of
      the intervention will be evaluated using standardized measures by blind evaluators conducted
      at baseline, post-treatment, and post-termination follow-up over the next 2 years.
      Hypotheses: (a) GF-CBT will be associated with: high rate of remission from "at risk status"
      and low rates of transition to psychosis (defined by CAARMS criteria); greater improvements
      in severity of symptoms; and improved functioning; (b) decrease in family members'level of
      stress, and improved coping; (c) Family members will demonstrate proficiency in CBT Skills.
    

Intervention name(s): Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Intervention type(s): Behavioral
Intervention description(s): GF-CBT focuses on teaching emotional self-regulation, information processing, decision making strategies,and logical thinking skills. The program is comprised of three parts: 1) Group sessions in which adolescents receive social support from peers who have had similar experiences and learn CBT skills, 2) Family group sessions in which family members learn more about adolescents' experiences and learn CBT skills so that they can encourage and reinforce these skills at home, and 3) Individual sessions in which adolescents can apply CBT skills to their own lives and work toward personal goals. Group sessions are taught with Powerpoint slides and with an accompanying workbook.
Other intervention name(s): Group and Family Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; GF-CBT
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Prevention
Keywords: At Risk Mental State; Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome; Prodrom; Paranoia; Psychosis; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Group; Family; ARMS
Peroneal Nerve Injury: a 20- Year Retrospective Case Series Study
Condition: Traumatic Injury; Peroneal Nerve Injury; Sport Injury
MeSH terms: Wounds and Injuries; Athletic Injuries
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      In a 20-year retrospective study, all skiers and snowboarders with a peroneal nerve injury at
      the fibular head treated surgically at the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and
      Aesthetic Surgery at the Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria, were included. Covering a
      period from 1999/2000 to 2018/2019.
    

Detailed description: 
      All data were gained in a clinical routine context, and the study design was retrospective.
      The work was approved by the local ethics committee of the Medical University of Innsbruck,
      Innsbruck, Austria (EK Nr.: 1300/2019). We reviewed medical charts from over a 20-year
      period, including all patients with a PNI after a ski- or snowboard-related accident
      requiring surgical intervention at the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic
      Surgery of the Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.

      We analyzed the demographical data, including age, gender, and citizenship, as well as
      included variables concerning the winter sport activity (i.e., ski or snowboard, owned or
      rented, self-inflicted without collision or collision caused by another skier or snowboarder,
      professional or recreational athlete). We also analyzed the injury itself (i.e., PNI as main
      injury, open or closed, motoric, sensible or both, fracture, muscle injury, complete or
      incomplete transection), as well as the treatment.
    

Intervention name(s): Microsurgical reconstruction of peroneal nerve with or w/o nerve grafts.
Intervention type(s): Procedure
Observational model: Case-Only
Time perspective: Retrospective
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        All patients who suffered a peroneal nerve injury caused by the sharp edge of a ski or
        snowboard and required surgical intervention.
      
Keywords: Ski accident; traumatic; peroneal nerve injury; reconstructive surgery; case series
Airway Management During Unusual Tracheal Stenosis
Condition: Tracheal Stenosis
MeSH terms: Tracheal Stenosis; Constriction, Pathologic
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Tracheal stenosis is a serious complication following prolonged intubation. There are
      important differences in the challenges of airway management. This study consists of our
      anesthesia management experience in patients with unusual placement of tracheal stenosis due
      to Covid-19 undergoing tracheal dilatation.
    

Detailed description: 
      Tracheal stenosis is a serious complication following prolonged intubation. Two types of
      tracheal stenosis; Glottic and subglottic stenoses have common features in that they are
      challenging in terms of ventilation, oxygenation and intubation. However, there are important
      differences in the challenges of airway managementA thinner tube may be sufficient to
      overcome the airway difficulty in glottic stenoses. However, in subglottic tracheal stenosis,
      a thinner tube may not be conveyed to the distal of the stenosis. As a result, adequate
      ventilation and oxygenation may not be provided with an intubation tube placed proximal to
      the trachea. This study consists of our anesthesia management experience in patients with
      unusual placement of tracheal stenosis due to Covid-19 undergoing tracheal dilatation.
    

Intervention name(s): Flow Controlled Ventilation
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): Anesthesia management in patients with subglottic tracheal stenosis with flow-controlled ventilation using an intubation tube with an inner diameter of less than 3 mm
Intervention model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: prolonged intubation,; tracheal stenosis; Covid-19
Nutritional Care and Head Growth in Preterm Infants
Condition: Prematurity; Extreme; Growth Retardation
MeSH terms: Premature Birth
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      As extremely low birth weight infants are high-risk patients, the study aimed to compare
      neonatal care, nutritional strategy and postnatal growth of these infants in two European
      neonatal units. A retrospective study included extremely low birth weight infants born in
      Lyon, France or in Stockholm, Sweden. Data on morbidity, treatments, care practices,
      macro-nutrient intakes and postnatal growth were collected to determine risk factors of extra
      uterine growth restriction at discharge.

      By comparing postnatal growth in ELBW infants hospitalized in two European neonatal intensive
      care units with different nutritional and extra nutritional care,our objective was to
      evaluate the role of nutrition in this population of preterm infants.
    

Detailed description: 
      In a retrospective study, all ELBW infants (birth weight under 1000 g) with a gestational age
      between 23 and 28 weeks were included if they were admitted during the first 24 hours of life
      and stayed for at least seven weeks in two European units (Lyon, france, and Stockholm,
      Sweden). Parenteral and enteral nutrition policies were detailed and protein and energy
      intakes were collected.Growth assessment Postnatal growth was precisely evaluated and
      compared in the two groups of infants.

      Body weight, crown-heel length and head circumference were measured in both units at birth
      and until discharge. We calculated z-scores and changes in z-scores between birth and 36
      weeks post-conceptional age (delta z-score) for body weight, HC, and crown-to-heel length
      using Olsen's references. Intra-uterine growth restriction was defined as a birth weight
      below or equal to minus two standard deviations. Extra-uterine growth restriction was defined
      as a z-score loss above or equal one standard deviation between birth and 36 weeks PCA. I
    

Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Retrospective
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Extremely low birth weight infants born in two European tertiary care centres: neonatal
        unit of Croix Rousse Hospital in Lyon, France and the neonatal unit of Astrid Lindgren
        Children's Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden
      
Keywords: growth; small for gestational age; prematurity; breastfeeding; fortification; parenteral nutrition; nutrition
Upper Extremity Elevation and Lungfunction After Open Heart Surgery
Condition: Heart Diseases; Heart Diseases, Ischemic; Heart Disease, Valvular
MeSH terms: Heart Diseases; Myocardial Ischemia; Heart Valve Diseases
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The purpose of this study is to assess if arm elevation, with or without simultaneous deep
      breathing, affects oxygen saturation and lung function on patients two to four days after
      open heart surgery.
    

Detailed description: 
      This single center, interventional crossover study will involve patients day 2, 3 or 4 after
      open heart surgery. Patients who meet the eligibility requirements will be informed about the
      study and potential risks, given a written informed consent they will be included for
      intervention being held later on the same day. Randomization will be given to the
      investigator in a sealed envelope and being opened after base line measurements. Data will
      then be collected for the randomized intervention and after a wash out period (several
      minutes) again for the crossover intervention.
    

Intervention name(s): upper extremity elevation; upper extremity elevation with deep breathing
Intervention type(s): Other; Other
Intervention description(s): 5 repetitions of active upper extremity elevation in a sitting position; 5 repetitions of active upper extremity elevation with deep breathing in a sitting position
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single (Care Provider)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Dose Ranging Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Acitretin in Severe Plaque Type Psoriasis
Condition: Psoriasis
MeSH terms: Psoriasis
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 4

Summary: 
      In this study, the investigators will intend to compare the efficacy and safety of various
      doses of acitretin in a randomized double blind manner in patients with severe plaque-type
      psoriasis, by i) studying the change PASI score from baseline as a measure of efficacy ii)
      determining the frequency of side effects at various doses. Sixty patients will be recruited
      from Psoriasis Clinic of Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Leprology, PGIMER.
      Patients will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups: Group A, consisting of 20
      patients, will be administered acitretin 25 mg/ day ,Group B, consisting of 20 patients, will
      be administered acitretin 35 mg/day and GROUP C consisting of 20 patients, will be
      administered acitretin 50 mg/day This therapy will be continued until PSORIASIS AREA AND
      SEVERITY INDEX (PASI) scores are reduced to < 25% of the original scores or 12 weeks,
      whichever comes earlier. It is expected that acitretin at higher doses will be more
      efficacious . As the exact etiopathogenesis of psoriasis is not fully known, it is difficult
      to provide a definite cure to all patients, though the disease activity can be controlled to
      a great extent with various treatment modalities. However the dosage of acitretin be adjusted
      according to response of the patients and tolerability of side effects.
    


Intervention name(s): Acitretin
Intervention type(s): Drug
Intervention description(s): capsule acitretin in dose of 25 mg, 35 mg or 50 mg/ day for 12 weeks or reduction in PASI score by 75% whichever is earlier
Intervention MeSH terms: Acitretin
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Psoriasis
The Effects of Intensity on Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia During a Knee Extension Exercise
Condition: Healthy
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The primary purpose of this study is to to compare immediate changes in pressure pain
      threshold at the exercising muscle (quadriceps) and a non-exercising muscle (upper trapezius)
      during low and high weight knee extension exercise. Participants will attend one session that
      consists of pain sensitivity testing, completion of pain-related psychological
      questionnaires, and random assignment to one of three interventions: 1) knee extension
      exercise with a high weight, 2) knee extension exercise with a low weight, or 3) quiet rest.
    


Intervention name(s): Seated knee extension exercise
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): Participants will be seated in a resistance exercise machine. Weight corresponding to the assigned group will be added to the machine. Participants will extend the dominant knee for 3 sets of 10 repetitions.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Reinforcement Method in Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Condition: Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a technically simple popular bariatric operation with
      acceptable results. Leaks can occur in long staple lines; therefore, variable reinforcement
      methods are used.
    

Detailed description: 
      The investigator compared non-reinforced stapling with three staple line reinforcement
      methods (suturing, absorbable buttressing material and fibrin glue) in laparoscopic sleeve
      gastrectomy.

      The resected stomach specimens were treated in the same manner of reinforcement as used in
      the surgeries of the corresponding patients and then insufflated until a burst occurred. The
      burst pressures of the resected stomach specimens and postoperative events of the patients
      were recorded.
    

Intervention name(s): observation
Intervention type(s): Other
Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        118 patients with body mass index >40 kg/m2 underwent sleeve gastrectomy and were enrolled
        into four groups
      
Biospecimen description: 
      resected stomachs
    
Keywords: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy; reinforcement; leak
Diagnosis of Cow's Milk Protein Allergy
Condition: Cow's Milk Allergy
MeSH terms: Hypersensitivity; Milk Hypersensitivity
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      The study will assess the diagnosis of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) among infant and
      children in assiut university children hospital using skin prick test and specific serum IgE
      as well as their management.
    

Detailed description: 
      Food allergy is a reproducible specific immune response to exposure to a given food. Cow's
      milk protein allergy (CMPA) is clinically abnormal reaction to cow's milk protein (CMP) via
      immune mechanisms triggered by milk protein (Boyce etal.,2010).

      According to European academy for allergy and clinical immunology (EAACI) and the world
      allergy organization (wao) , a hypersensitivity reaction to cow's milk involving the immune
      system can be called as CMPA. There is difference between CMPA and non-allergic cow's milk
      intolerance (e.g lactose intolerance) which occurs as a result of lactase deficiency without
      involvement of the immune system (Venter etal.,2013).

      CMPA is categorized into immunoglobulin IgE mediated , non -IgE mediated ,or mixed CMPA
      (Sicherer etal.,2001).

      1.9% to 4.9% prevalence of CMPA among children with a peak in prevalence (2-3%) in the first
      year of life and prevalence of <1% in children aged >=6 years (koletzko etal.,2012).
    

Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        the infant from 1st day to 2 years Exclusively breast feeding ,breast-fed infants with
        supplementary foods and non-breast fed infants with supplementary foods who complain from
        either frequent regurgitation, vomiting,diarrhea,constipation (with/without perianal rash)
        ,blood in stool or pallor.
A Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Pharmacodynamics of Olpasiran in Participants With Normal Renal Function and Participants With Various Degrees of Renal Impairment
Condition: Renal Impairment
MeSH terms: Renal Insufficiency
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 1

Summary: 
      The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a single dose
      of olpasiran in participants with normal renal function and participants with various degrees
      of renal impairment.
    


Intervention name(s): Olpasiran
Intervention type(s): Drug
Intervention description(s): Participants will receive olpasiran by subcutaneous (SC) injection.
Other intervention name(s): AMG 890
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Basic Science
Keywords: Olpasiran; Renal Impairment; Normal Renal Function; AMG 890
Atypical Neuroleptic Drugs in People With Mental Retardation/Developmental Delay
Condition: Mental Retardation; Developmental Delay Disorder
MeSH terms: Intellectual Disability; Developmental Disabilities
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 3

Summary: 
      Psychiatric drugs are often used to treat behavioral symptoms of mental
      retardation/developmental delay (MR/DD). These drugs can cause serious side effects. Newer
      drugs may have decreased side effects. This study will compare new and old drugs used to
      treat behavioral symptoms in people with MR/DD.
    

Detailed description: 
      Atypical neuroleptics have fewer extrapyramidal and behavioral side effects than typical
      neuroleptics. Atypical neuroleptics may also improve social and cognitive functioning. This
      improvement may be due to reductions in the negative symptoms that are part of the psychosis
      and psychiatric syndromes or to the improved side effect profile. This study will examine the
      effects of the atypical neuroleptic drugs risperidone, clozapine, and olanzapine on learning,
      memory, and social behavior in individuals with MR/DD. A substudy will expand the study to
      evaluate ecobehavioral measures. The goal of these studies is to assess the behavioral
      selectivity of atypical neuroleptics by measuring cognitive and social functioning along with
      targeted aberrant behaviors in individuals under placebo and different doses of drug.

      Fifty participants will be randomized to receive risperidone, clozapine, olanzapine, or
      placebo. Twenty-five of the participants will be drawn from a group receiving typical
      neuroleptics at the onset of the study. The efficacy of atypical neuroleptics in reducing
      destructive, aggressive, and stereotypic behaviors in persons with mental retardation will be
      assessed.

      Learning and memory will be measured using laboratory operant tasks. Social and environmental
      interactions, as well as primary target behaviors, will be directly measured by trained
      observers. The frequency of specific aberrant behaviors will be determined, along with the
      conditional probabilities that certain environmental events proceed and follow these
      behaviors. In the substudy, categories of aberrant behavior will be used to provide
      information relevant to environmental variables maintaining aberrant behavior; this
      categorization will improve the determinations of pharmacologic efficacy and will provide a
      better understanding of the relationship between atypical neuroleptics and environmentally
      maintained aberrant behavior.
    

Intervention name(s): risperidone; clozapine; olanzapine
Intervention type(s): Drug; Drug; Drug
Intervention MeSH terms: Olanzapine; Risperidone; Clozapine
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Severe aberrant behavior; Risperidone; Clozapine; Haloperidol; Laboratory operant tasks; Simple acquisition procedures; Matching to sample task; Lag sequential analysis
4 Week, Safety and Tolerability Study in Patients With Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease
Condition: Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease
MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 2

Summary: 
      The primary purpose of the study is to determine the safety and tolerability of AZD1446 vs
      Placebo given as an add-on treatment to Donepezil for 4 weeks in patients with mild to
      moderate Alzheimer's disease.
    


Intervention name(s): AZD1446; Placebo
Intervention type(s): Drug; Drug
Intervention description(s): capsules, oral, 3 times daily; capsules, oral, 3 times daily, 4 weeks
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: safety; tolerability; mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease; To determine the safety and tolerability of AZD1446 vs Placebo given as an add-on treatment to Donepezil in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease