Study of Oral Conditions in Indigenous Populations in the State of Roraima - Brazil
Condition: Diagnosis, Oral; Periodontal Diseases; Caries, Dental
MeSH terms: Periodontal Diseases; Dental Caries
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      The objective of this cross - sectional observational study will be to evaluate the oral
      conditions of indigenous people in the state of Roraima, comparing habits and hygiene
      conditions in each ethnicity evaluated. This project was submitted to the Coordination of the
      Yanomami Indigenous Special Sanitary District, the CONDISI presidency and the CASAI
      leadership. Around 200 indigenous people from the aforementioned ethnic groups, of both
      sexes, aged between 18 and 75 years, will be evaluated
    

Detailed description: 
      The indigenous population, as well as the non-indigenous population, has been plagued by oral
      diseases throughout its history. Within the population in general, periodontal diseases
      exhibit great expressiveness, they appear as the most common chronic diseases, but in the
      indigenous population there is a certain epidemiological invisibility. In this population
      there is a shortage in the studies, some of these show that the higher prevalences of
      insertion level and depth of probing occur in individuals with more advanced age and that
      they are afflicted with periodontal diseases. The objective of this cross - sectional
      observational study will be to evaluate the oral conditions of indigenous people in the state
      of Roraima, comparing habits and hygiene conditions in each ethnicity evaluated. This project
      was submitted to the Coordination of the Yanomami Indigenous Special Sanitary District, the
      CONDISI presidency and the CASAI leadership. Around 200 indigenous people from the
      aforementioned ethnic groups, of both sexes, aged between 18 and 75 years, will be evaluated,
      with voluntary participation and by means of the signature of the free and informed consent
      form of the same or its person in charge. Due to the difficulties encountered in the
      indigenous communities in relation to the distance from health care, where there are no care
      centers near their residence and thus not obtaining the information necessary for basic
      health care, with the aggravation of contact with the culture. Indigenous people with often
      deleterious eating habits, we expect to find a population with many oral health problems,
      such as periodontal disease, dental caries and tooth loss. The insufficiency of studies with
      appropriate methodology gives the indigenous peoples of Latin America an epidemiological
      invisibility that impairs the production of knowledge about oral health conditions and the
      elaboration of strategies to prevent oral diseases and promote health in these populations.
    

Intervention name(s): Anamnesis; Oral clinical examination
Intervention type(s): Other; Other
Intervention description(s): A detailed anamnesis should be carried out in order to know the habits, the presence of systemic pathologies, the use of medication; Clinical examination should be carried out evaluating the presence of caries, tooth loss, periodontal condition, occlusal factors
Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Retrospective
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        In the present study, about 200 indigenous people of the Yanomami, Macuxi and Wapixana
        ethnic groups of both genders, aged between 18 and 75 years, were evaluated in their
        respective communities located in the state of Roraima.

        Clinical parameters evaluated were Depth of Depth (PS), Clinical Insertion Level (NCI),
        Index of Plaque (PI), Bleeding Index (IS), Caries Index, Lost and Sealed Index (DMFT); The
        examiners were previously calibrated by means of periodontal clinical parameters
        measurements and compared intra-examiner and inter-examiner. Data were tabulated and
        received adequate statistical treatment (p <0.05).
      
Keywords: indians, south american; periodontal disease; dental caries