bioihbjkbjnl/mcl2 huggingface dataset:
Level of Burn Out of Surgical Residents Working in All Hospitals of Lahore
Condition: Burn Out Syndrome
MeSH terms: Burns; Burnout, Psychological
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      The term burnout was coined by psychologist Herbert Freudenberger in 1974 in an article
      entitled "Staff Burnout" in which he discussed job dissatisfaction precipitated by
      work-related stress. A broadly applicable description defines burnout as a state of mental
      and physical exhaustion related to work or care giving activities. A long-standing conceptual
      and operational definition characterized burnout as a triad of emotional exhaustion
      (emotional over extension and exhaustion), depersonalization (negative, callous, and detached
      responses to others), and reduced personal accomplishment (feelings of competence and
      achievement in one's work) In the World Health Organization International Classification of
      Diseases, 10th revision, burnout is defined as a "state of vital exhaustion." Although no
      specific diagnosis of burnout is mentioned in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
      Disorders, burnout is a clear syndrome with significant consequences.

      Burnout in health care professionals has gained significant attention over the last several
      years. Given the intense emotional demands of the work environment, clinicians are
      particularly susceptible to developing burnout above and beyond usual workplace stress.
      Residency training, in particular, can cause a significant degree of burnout, leading to
      interference with individuals' ability to establish rapport, sort through diagnostic
      dilemmas, and work though complex treatment decision making. Overall, burnout is associated
      with a variety of negative consequences including depression, risk of medical errors, and
      negative effects on patient safety. The goal of this review is to provide medical educators
      and leaders with an overview of the existing factors that contribute to burnout, the impact
      of burnout, inter specialty variation, and suggestions for interventions to decrease burnout.
    


Observational model: Ecologic or Community
Time perspective: Cross-Sectional
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        General surgical residents of All the Hospitals Of Lahore
Low-dose Hydrocortisone in Acutely Burned Patients
Condition: Burns
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 4

Summary: 
      Major burns trigger the release of circulating mediators, as cytokines and endotoxin that
      induces a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The cardiovascular effects are similar to
      those seen in septic shock. After the initial hypovolemic phase, patients with extensive
      burns often present a shock with increased cardiac output and reduced systemic vascular
      resistances. As described in septic shock, we test the hypothesis that low-dose
      hydrocortisone could decrease the duration of the shock period.
    


Intervention name(s): hydrocortisone 200 mg/day
Intervention type(s): Drug
Intervention MeSH terms: Hydrocortisone
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double
Keywords: Burn; adrenal insufficiency; hydrocortisone; short corticotropin test
Transcranial Stimulation in Motor Stroke Rehabilitation
Condition: Stroke
MeSH terms: Stroke
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Patients were randomized in 3 groups: two intervent groups and a control group. The first
      group received two weeks of daily session of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
      (rTMS, 10 sessions) and, at least 6 months after, two weeks of daily transcranial Direct
      Current Stimulation (tDCS, 10 sessions); the second group received 10 daily session of tDCS
      and, after at least 6 months, 10 sessions of rTMS; the control group received 10 daily
      session of sham tDCS.

      Physiatric evaluations (ARAT scale), neuropsychological assessment and ERP (P300) were
      performed before (1 week) and after (1 week) the end of each treatment. Furthermore, all
      patients underwent follow-up neuropsychological assessment 6 months after the end of each
      stimulation period and follow-up physiatric evaluation at 3 and 6 months after the end of
      each stimulation period.
    


Intervention name(s): tDCS; rTMS; Sham
Intervention type(s): Device; Device; Device
Intervention description(s): Stroke rehabilitation performed with the aid of a transcranial electrical stimulation device.; Stroke rehabilitation performed with the aid of a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation device.; Stroke sham stimulation performed with the aid of a transcranial electrical stimulation device.
Other intervention name(s): HDC Stim device Newronica; PowerMAG 100 MAG&More; HDC Stim device Newronica
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Rehabilitation; Non Invasive Brain Stimulation
Effect of Oral Daily Supplementation With 400 IU Vs 200 IU of Vitamin D in Term Healthy Neonates
Condition: Vitamin D Deficiency
MeSH terms: Vitamin D Deficiency
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 4

Summary: 
      The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of daily oral supplementation with vitamin
      D on serum Vitamin D levels in term healthy newborns. It has been found in various studies
      that vitamin D is highly deficient in Indian mother infant diads. There is a need to
      supplement vitamin D from neonatal period to prevent various metabolic disturbances due to
      vitamin D deficiency in later life. This study aims to find the effectiveness and the optimum
      dose of routine vitamin D supplementation in healthy term newborns for fulfilling the normal
      requirements in Indian infants.
    

Detailed description: 
      Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in India as reported in various studies. Vitamin D
      supplementation is necessary as vitamin D is required not only for prevention of rickets as
      traditionally thought, but also for its emerging role in development of diseases such as
      myopathic disorders, proneness to infection, autoimmune disorders and cancers .However
      supplementation studies are limited and predominantly from foreign countries. Moreover most
      of them report variable outcomes with no unanimous outcome with respect to optimum dose and
      duration of supplementation of vitamin D. Various national authorities recommend different
      doses of vitamin D for supplementation. American Academy of Pediatrics, The Institute of
      Medicine of National Academics, The Drug and Therapeutics Committee of the Lawson Wilkins
      Pediatric Endocrine Society, the Canadian Pediatric Society and European Society for
      Pediatric Endocrinology recommend that 400IU of vitamin D should be supplemented in all
      infants starting from within a few days of birth throughout childhood. ESPGHAN recommends
      800-1000 IU for high risk infants, Ireland recommends 200IU vitamin D per day, UK does not
      recommend any supplements upto 6 months of age , however if formula milk intake <500ml/day
      then 300 IU is recommended. There are no such guidelines for India. Hence this study aims at
      evaluating the proportion of vitamin D deficient
    

Intervention name(s): Vitamin D
Intervention type(s): Drug
Intervention description(s): Vit D 400 IU vs. Vit D 200 IU
Intervention MeSH terms: Vitamin D
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Prevention
Keywords: oral daily supplementation with vitamin D for 6 months
Sequential Intrathecal Injection of Fentanyl and Hyperbaric Bupivacaine
Condition: Elective Caesarean Section
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      56 Parturients, aged 18-40 year, undergoing elective CS were randomly assigned to receive
      sequential intrathecal injection of fentanyl and hyperbaric bupivacaine at the same rate
      (normal sequential) NS or a rapid intrathecal injection of fentanyl followed by slow
      injection of hyperbaric bupivacaine (rapid sequential) RS. Time of first rescue analgesia,
      Dose of rescue analgesics, degree of postoperative pain, incidence of hypotension,
      hypotension duration, ephedrine dose, spinal anaesthesia related complications and failed
      block were recorded.
    

Detailed description: 
      56 ASA physical status I, II Parturients, aged 18-40 year, undergoing elective CS were
      randomly assigned to receive sequential intrathecal injection of fentanyl and hyperbaric
      bupivacaine at the same rate through a 5ml syringe each (NS (normal sequential), n 28) or a
      rapid intrathecal injection of fentanyl through an insuline syringe followed by slow
      injection of hyperbaric bupivacaine through a 5ml syringe RS (rapid sequential), n 28). Onset
      of sensory block (T6 level), highest level of sensory block, time of first rescue analgesia,
      Dose of rescue analgesics, degree of postoperative pain by VAS 6H postoperative, Onset of
      motor block (Bromage scale0>3), duration of motor block (return to Bromage 0), incidence of
      hypotension, hypotension duration, ephedrine dose, spinal anaesthesia related complications
      as nausea, vomiting, pruritis, shivering and failed block were recorded.
    

Intervention name(s): sequential intrathecal injection; hyperbaric bupivacaine; fentanyl
Intervention type(s): Procedure; Drug; Drug
Intervention description(s): intrathecal injection of fentanyl and hyperbaric bupivacaine; intrathecal injection of intrathecal bupivacaine; intrathecal injection of fentanyl
Other intervention name(s): sequential spinal anaesthesia; heavy marcaine; opioid
Intervention MeSH terms: Fentanyl; Bupivacaine
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Health Services Research
Relationship Between Neurotransmitter Receptor Polymorphisms, Plasma Concentrations and Clinical Response to Clozapine
Condition: Schizophrenia
MeSH terms: Schizophrenia
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      This is a study designed to identify genetic polymorphisms (also called allelic variants or
      genetic markers) that are associated with response to clozapine. This information will be
      used to enhance the understanding of clozapine response and side effects. DNA from patients
      will be examined for significant associations between allelic variants in candidate genes in
      relation to clozapine effects on positive and negative symptoms, global response, quality of
      life, relapse rates and side effects.
    

Detailed description: 
      Patients age 18-65 with a DSM IV diagnosis of schizophrenia who have a history of nonresponse
      to conventional atypical antipsychotics and who are to be treated with clozapine by their
      psychiatrist, will be asked to participate at or near the time clozapine therapy is
      initiated. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative
      Symptoms (SANS), and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) will be
      performed on all subjects at entry into the study, at 3 weeks, 5 weeks, 8 weeks, and at 4 and
      6 months. Adverse effects will be monitored with the Simpson-Angus Scale, Barnes Akathisia
      scale and the AIMS at each of these time points. The Calgary Depression Scale will also be
      administered at each visit. A complete neurocognitive assessment battery will be completed at
      entry and at 6 months for those subjects willing to undergo neurocognitive testing. It is
      anticipated not all subjects will complete neurocognitive testing. A blood or cheek swab
      sample will be collected at study entry for DNA analysis. Plasma blood levels will be
      collected at weeks 3, 5, 8 and study completion for measurement of clozapine plasma
      concentrations. The subject's weight, BMI, smoking status and concomitant medications will be
      recorded at each visit.
    

Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Psychiatric clinic, Inpatient Psychiatry unit
      
Biospecimen description: 
      whole blood, saliva
    
Keywords: clozapine, schizophrenia
Methylphenidate in the Treatment of Cocaine Dependent Patients With Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - 5
Condition: Cocaine-Related Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders
MeSH terms: Substance-Related Disorders; Cocaine-Related Disorders
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 2

Summary: 
      The purpose of this study is the use of Methylphenidate in the treatment of cocaine
      dependence and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) comorbidity.
    

Detailed description: 
      The objective of this study is to determine the safety and efficacy of methylphenidate in a
      population of patients who are cocaine dependent and suffer from attention deficit
      hyperactivity disorder.
    

Intervention name(s): Methylphenidate
Intervention type(s): Drug
Intervention MeSH terms: Methylphenidate
Masking: Double
Primary purpose: Treatment
A Study to Investigate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of JNJ-42165279 in Adolescent and Adult Participants With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Condition: Autism Spectrum Disorder
MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 2

Summary: 
      The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of JNJ-42165279 compared with placebo
      in the improvement of symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) during 12 weeks of treatment
      using the Autism Behavior Inventory (ABI).
    


Intervention name(s): JNJ-42165279; Placebo
Intervention type(s): Drug; Drug
Intervention description(s): Participants will receive 25 mg JNJ-42165279 orally twice daily for 12 weeks.; Participants will receive a matching placebo orally twice daily for 12 weeks.
Intervention MeSH terms: JNJ-42165279
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Epidemiology of Human Cytomegalovirus Excretion in the Saliva of Children Attending Nursery in France
Condition: Healthy Volunteers
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      Direct DNA amplification, viral isolation and specific antibody measurement in saliva from
      children attending nursery in France Sample collection will be done by the pediatrician the
      nurse, or one of the authorized investigators of the study.
    

Detailed description: 
      Salivary collection kit. 3 swab for DNA research, 1 for antibodies research and 1 for virus
      isolation by cell growth.
    

Observational model: Cohort
Time perspective: Prospective
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        Children older than 3 months and less than 6 years kept in nurseries retained, regardless
        of the duration of custody of the child in the manger concerned.
      
Biospecimen description: 
      Direct DNA amplification, viral isolation and specific antibody measurement in saliva
    
Keywords: Children; nursery; CMV; Infection
Aizthromycin or Clarithromycin in H-pylori Eradication Regimen
Condition: Peptic Ulcer; Dyspepsia; H-pylori
MeSH terms: Peptic Ulcer; Dyspepsia
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 4

Summary: 
      The Aim of this study is comparison between two regimens containing clarithromycinand
      azithromycin.
    

Detailed description: 
      Eradication of helicobacter pylori is important for treatment of GU but ideal regimen is not
      available.

      HP is resistant to metronidazole and clarithromycin, thus clarithromycin is expensive and it
      is not available in underdevelopment countries.

      There are different articles about replacement clarithromycin with azithromycin as a method
      of eradication of HP that is decreases length of therapy and increases, effectiveness of
      drugs and decreases resistance of drugs.

      The Aim of this study is comparison between two regimens containing clarithromycinand
      azithromycin.
    

Intervention name(s): azithromycin; clarithmycin
Intervention type(s): Drug; Drug
Intervention description(s): Azithromycin (Zithromax, Azithrocin ) is an azalide, a subclass of macrolide antibiotics. Azithromycin is one of the world's best-selling antibiotics.[1] It is derived from erythromycin, with a methyl-substituted nitrogen atom incorporated into the lactone ring, thus making the lactone ring 15-membered.; Clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used to treat pharyngitis, tonsillitis, acute maxillary sinusitis, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, pneumonia (especially atypical pneumonias associated with Chlamydophila pneumoniae), skin and skin structure infections. In addition, it is sometimes used to treat legionellosis, Helicobacter pylori, and lyme disease.
Other intervention name(s): (Zithromax, Azithrocin; Crixan, Claritt, Clarac, Biaxin, Klaricid, Klacid...
Intervention MeSH terms: Azithromycin
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: H-pylori; eradication; azithromycin; clarithromycin
Effects of Phosphate Binding With Sevelamer in Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease
Condition: Kidney Failure, Chronic; Cardiovascular Diseases
MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Renal Insufficiency; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Cardiovascular Diseases
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 2

Summary: 
      The purpose of this study is to determine whether lowering phosphate in patients with early
      chronic kidney disease with the phosphate binder sevelamer has beneficial effects on
      cardiovascular structure and function.
    


Intervention name(s): Sevelamer carbonate; Placebo
Intervention type(s): Drug; Drug
Intervention description(s): Treatment group: treatment with 1600mg tablets of sevelamer carbonate three times daily for 36 weeks; Treatment group: treatment with tablets of placebo three times daily for 36 weeks
Other intervention name(s): Sevelamer carbonate (Renvela)
Intervention MeSH terms: Sevelamer
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Prevention
Keywords: Phosphate
Non-Opioid Prescriptions After Arthroscopic Surgery in Canada (NO PAin)
Condition: Knee Arthroscopy; Shoulder Arthroscopy
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      This is a randomized controlled trial of 200 patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years
      undergoing outpatient knee or shoulder arthroscopy. Patients will be evaluated clinically at
      2 and 6 weeks post-operatively. Patients will be recruited from experienced arthroscopic
      surgeons at 3 hospital sites in Hamilton, Ontario. All research will be conducted according
      to international standards of Good Clinical Practice and institutional research policies and
      procedures.
    


Intervention name(s): Non-Opioid Prescription and Infographic
Intervention type(s): Combination Product
Intervention description(s): The study intervention will involve 3 components:
A standardized non-opioid prescription: A prescription for Naproxen 500mg PO BID PRN x 60 tabs, Acetaminophen 1000mg PO Q6H PRN x 100 500mg tabs and Pantoprazole 40mg PO daily x 30 tabs (to be taken only while utilizing Naproxen).
A limited opioid "rescue prescription": A prescription of Hydromorphone 1mg PO Q4H PRN x 10 tabs will be included on a separate prescription.
Patient education infographic: The infographic will contain information on how to take the prescribed medications, along with instructions that the morphine rescue prescription should only be used in cases where the non-opioid pain medications are not providing satisfactory pain control.
Intervention MeSH terms: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention model description: Eligible patients will be randomized using the centralized 24-hour computerized randomization system to allocate patients to the control (standard of care) or intervention (non-opioid prescription and infographic) group.
Masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Preoperative Counseling in Cholecystectomy
Condition: Vomiting; Nausea; Postoperative Pain; Feeling
MeSH terms: Pain, Postoperative; Nausea; Vomiting
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3

Summary: 
      The investigators examined whether a written plus verbal preoperative counseling for patients
      undergoing open cholecystectomy would improve perioperative symptoms such as nausea, vomiting
      and pain.
    

Detailed description: 
      This was a randomized, single-blinded, clinical study carried out at the Julio Muller
      University Hospital (Mato Grosso State, Brazil). This study was conducted according to the
      guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving human
      subjects/patients were approved by the hospital Research Ethics Committee registered under
      number 697/CEP-HUJM/09. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients.

      Except for the preoperative counseling which was received only by the intervention group, all
      patients received the same protocol of perioperative care.

      The main endpoint of the study was the presence and the intensity of postoperative symptoms
      such as nausea, vomiting and pain. A questionnaire containing a visual analogue scale (VAS)
      was applied 24h after the operation to measure the intensity of postoperative pain, nausea
      and the well-being. The VAS consisted of a horizontal line, 100 mm in length, anchored by
      word descriptors at each end to represent the lowest and the highest intensity of all the
      symptoms analyzed. The patient was asked to mark in the straight line the point that most
      likely represents the symptom at the moment. The VAS score of each individual was determined
      by measuring in millimeters from the left end of the line to the point marked. The questions
      were: "how severe was your pain during this period of 24h after the operation?", "how severe
      was the intensity of your nausea during this period of 24h after the operation? ", and "how
      great is your well-being at the present moment". For the first two questions the words at
      each end of the line were "no pain" and "severe pain", and "no nausea" and "severe nausea".
      For the well-being question the words were "no well-being" and "greatest well-being". The
      Vomiting was also recorded as a categorical variable (yes or no). The length of stay and
      postoperative complications were also collected.
    

Intervention name(s): Preoperative counseling
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): The intervention group received preoperative counseling by both orally and written. A written leaflet containing information was provided to each patient of this group.
Other intervention name(s): Preoperative information
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single (Care Provider)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Vomiting; Nausea; Postoperative pain; Feeling