Low Versus High-intensity Exercises in Sarcopenia
Condition: Sarcopenia
MeSH terms: Sarcopenia
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      this study aims to compare the effect of high-intensity resistance exercises measured using
      the 10-repetition maximum versus low-intensity aerobic exercises on muscle performance,
      physical function and quality of life in chronic kidney patients with sarcopenia who recently
      recovered from COVID-19 infection
    

Detailed description: 
      Sarcopenia is a prevalent chronic disease caused by aging and is characterized by a reduction
      in muscle strength and mass (Barajas-Galindo et al., 2021), and consequently deterioration in
      physical function and quality of life (Gil et al., 2021; Tsekoura et al., 2017). Sarcopenia
      is associated with higher rates of stroke, frailty, (Bikbov et al., 2020; Go et al., 2004;
      Levin et al., 2013), and mortality (Ali & Kunugi, 2021). Generally, there are numerous causes
      of sarcopenia, including chronic kidney diseases (CKD) (Souza et al., 2017), environmental
      factors, inflammatory mediator's activation, physical inactivity, mitochondrial dysfunction,
      hormonal changes, and loss of neural junctions (Walston, 2012).

      Recently, Sarcopenia had great attention, especially among patients with CKD who already
      suffer from increased catabolism, higher protein wasting, and other metabolic disorders and
      decreased functional reserve. Additionality, the decline in physical function due to the
      deterioration of muscle mass, power, and strength could significantly decrease balance and
      increase the risk of falling in these populations (Moorthi & Avin, 2017).

      After the pandemic of COVID-19 and the mandatory quarantine of patients during the recovery
      period, CKD patients with sarcopenia who were infected with COVID-19 will be forced to assume
      a more sedentary lifestyle which consequently magnifies all health risks (Gérard et al.,
      2021; Gil et al., 2021) jeopardize subjects vitality (Morley et al., 2020; Mousa et al.,
      2021) and increasing prevalence of sarcopenia (Ali & Kunugi, 2021).

      Exercise has been proposed as one of the solutions for sarcopenia-associated symptoms. As per
      a recent systematic review (Barajas-Galindo et al., 2021), resistance exercises alone or with
      other forms of exercises could be beneficial especially in improving anthropometric
      parameters and muscle performance. Yet its specific effects on post-COVID-19 CKD patients who
      have sarcopenia need further investigation.

      The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of high versus low-intensity exercises
      on muscle strength, and physical function in post-COVID-19 patients with sarcopenia secondary
      to CKD.
    

Intervention name(s): high intensity exercises; low intensity aerobic exercises
Intervention type(s): Other; Other
Intervention description(s): resistance training progressively increasing according to specific criteria (10 repetitions maximum). for the major muscles of the body; low-intensity exercises performed using arm or leg ergometer machines
Other intervention name(s): progressive resistance training; aerobic exercises
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Treatment