Intrauterine Anesthesia in Operative, Awake, Office Hysteroscopy. A Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial
Condition: Anesthesia, Local; Office Hysteroscopy
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      Objective: to evaluate intrauterine lidocaine infusion effectiveness in reducing pain
      associated with operative, awake office hysteroscopy Methods: A total of 100 patients will be
      randomized for this study The control group underwent hysteroscopy using a saline distension
      medium. The study group underwent hysteroscopy using 10ml of 2% lidocaine that was added to
      the first liter of distension medium. Patients quantified their pain using a 0-10 VAS score,
      at the following five predefined points: baseline, before the procedure; while inserting the
      hysteroscope through the cervix; during the operative procedure; immediately after the
      procedure and 15 minutes following the procedure.
    

Detailed description: 
      1. Background

           Ambulatory hysteroscopy is a safe, feasible, and accurate procedure for diagnosing and
           treating intrauterine pathology. [1]

           Office hysteroscopy does not require hospital admission, preparatory tests, and general
           anesthesia. Importantly, it has decreased postsurgical recovery period, global cost of
           the procedure, and rate of complications. [2] New approaches have evolved due to
           technological advances in instrumentation, an office hysteroscopy that combines
           diagnosis and treatment of the pathology into a single clinical procedure is referred to
           as "See and Treat hysteroscopy" (SATH) [3].

           SATH allows diagnosis of different conditions affecting the uterine cavity in an office
           setting, followed immediately with treatment to resolve them, thus avoiding the patient
           having to undergo a subsequent procedure [4].

           Pain during or after the procedure can discourage patients from undergoing office
           diagnostic hysteroscopy or SATH. [5] and remains a significant cause for failure to
           complete the procedure.

           The type of anesthesia used depends on the procedure, the patient's level of anxiety,
           and the anesthesiologist's expertise. Simple diagnostic procedures can be performed
           without anesthesia, with a para-cervical block, or with mild sedation. In a
           meta-analysis reviewing 36 studies only para-cervical block demonstrated a significant
           anesthetic effect [Munro]. There is controversy about anesthesia and analgesia for
           outpatient hysteroscopy, as there is not enough high-quality evidence, and marked
           heterogeneity between trials makes it very difficult to draw generalizable conclusions.

           In a recent study we have evaluated the effect of distension medium composed of 0.9%
           saline solution with Lidocaine vs Saline alone and it's effect on pain in diagnostic
           hysteroscopy. No studies had been published regarding this method of analgesia in SATH,
           and it's effect on pain during the procedure and immediately following the procedure.

        2. Aims

           The primary aim of the current study is to evaluate the effect of local instillation of
           lidocaine in relieving pain during office SATH hysteroscopy.

           Secondary aims include the rate of failure in performing the procedure and patient
           satisfaction among patients in the study group vs. controls.

        3. Hypothesis

           In this prospective, randomized, double blind study, utilizing adult women undergoing
           office SATH hysteroscopy, local instillation of lidocaine in the distension media should
           reduce the pain during and following the procedure by 20% and also improve patient
           satisfaction and might reduce failure rates without an increase in complication rates.

        4. Settings and participants

           All patients referred to a diagnostic office SATH hysteroscopy at the outpatient clinics
           in Assuta Ashdod University Hospital that fit the inclusion criteria.

           Inclusion criteria:

           • Women between the ages of 20 years - 52 years inclusive.

           • Undergoing SATH office hysteroscopy

           • Patients are able to provide written consent

           Exclusion criteria:

           • Previous Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) or documented tubal occlusion

             -  Inability to consent due to cognitive or language barrier

             -  Allergy to Lidocaine

             -  Documented failed hysteroscopy prior to the current referral

        5. Study methodology and techniques

      Study Design

      This study is a prospective randomized double blind trial.

      Women undergoing SATH office hysteroscopy that are eligible for the study will be divided
      into 2 groups:

        1. Hysteroscopy using saline alone as a distension medium

        2. Hysteroscopy using a 10 ml of 2% lidocaine in a 1000 ml of saline as a distension medium
           The distension medium bags will be prepared by the Assuta Ashdod University Hospital
           Pharmacy. The first bag will contain 10 ml of 2% lidocaine in a 1000 ml of saline or
           saline alone and will be coded using a serial number and randomized using computerized
           software. Each patient will be allocated 3 distension media bags .THE second an third
           one will contain saline alone . The investigators and patients will be blinded to the
           composition of the distension medium.

      A sample size of 100 patients (to allow for 10% attrition, providing a net total of 45 per
      groups as described below) at a 1:1 ratio will be included in each group and will complete a
      questionere prior to and following the procedure. (Appendix 1.) A schematic overview of the
      research is displayed in figure 1 summarizing the patient's participation during each stage
      of the research. Data will be analyzed and the effect of Lidocaine addition to the distension
      medium will be evaluated.

      Patients who withdrew from the study will be analyzed as intention to treat patients.

      6. Recruitment Strategy

      Patients will be recruited from the population of patients referred to the outpatient
      hysteroscopy clinics at Assuta Ashdod University Hospital. The investigator will inform the
      patient about the study, its purpose, and method of randomization of study groups. Patients
      will not be cajoled into participating in this study. The Investigator will discuss
      foreseeable risks involved, as well as potential benefits, for each study group. Patients who
      have consented to having their information obtained during the study for analysis of the
      results will have their confidentiality maintained at all times using a study code as an
      identifier in the research database. The patients will be informed by the Investigator that
      their medical treatment will not be affected in any mean by their decision whether to
      participate or not in the study. Patients will be informed that they may choose to withdraw
      from the study at any stage without jeopardizing any further medical care. A signed and dated
      Informed Consent must be obtained by the Investigator from the patient prior to enrolment
      into this study. The original signed and dated information sheet and patient consent will be
      kept by the Investigator. A signed copy will be provided to the patient.

      7. Data Collection Plan

        -  Demographics: age, ethnicity

        -  Weight in kg, height in cm

        -  Medical, gynecological and surgical history

        -  VAS pain score prior to the procedure

        -  Indication for hysteroscopy.

        -  Success in performing the procedure, Length of the procedure and surgical complications.

        -  Hysteroscopic findings.

        -  Serial number appearing on the distension medium ampule.

        -  VAS score following the procedure

        -  Patient satisfaction score 1-10

        -  Free text regarding the procedure and other patient comments

           8. Cost of study

      Cost of intervention will be determined by considering the following factors:

      Cost of pharmaceutical preparation of the distension media and randomization - will be
      performed by the hospital pharmacy at no cost.

      Cost of statistical analysis.

      9. Timing of endpoint measurements

      All data recorded on the questioner and Case Report Forms transferred to the main study
      database, will be de-identified and patient identification information(name, ID number) will
      be replaced by a patient serial number. The investigator will complete and sign data forms at
      the time of hysteroscopy. All evaluations are listed in Table 1. All information related to
      general medical and operative procedural data will be documented and tabulated. All
      information related to complications if any, (date of occurrence, description, severity,
      treatment and resolution) will be recorded at the time of occurrence.

      Table 1. Data Collection Table

      Group 1 Group 2 Pre-procedure Age, Ethnicity, Weight, Height, smoking, Medical, Gynecological
      and Surgical History, previous hyesteroscopies.

      Ultrasound findings if available. VAS pain score during hysteroscopy Ampule serial number,
      Length of the procedure (time at start, time at the end). Ampule serial number, Length of the
      procedure (time at start, time at the end).

      Post-hysteroscopy Procedure related complications. Hysteroscopy success and hysteroscopic
      findings. VAS score at the end of the procedure, Patient satisfaction (1-10)

      10 Statistical analysis

      Data will be de-identified, reviewed and entered onto a spreadsheet and then transferred to a
      computer statistical package. The data will be summarized and comparisons presented according
      to type of variable. Counts will be presented for binary or categorical variables, means and
      standard deviations for dimensional variables, and medians and interquartile ranges for those
      variables involving skewed distributions. The two groups will be compared using appropriate
      types of regression analyses. The above analyses allow the two groups to be compared with,
      and without, possible confounders such as age, weight, previous hysteroscopy and smoking
      status. Alpha will be set at 0.05, 95% confidence intervals will be reported wherever
      appropriate. Data will be analyzed using a standard statistical package such as SPSS.

      10.1 Calculation of Sample Size

      Previous studies (19) have used a sample size of 90 patients to detect a 15% improvement in
      pain score (that seemed of clinical significance) and therefore estimated that a sample size
      of 90 would be able to detect such a difference with a power of 80% and type 1 error (α) of
      0.05. Therefore a sample size of 100 patients was chosen (to allow for 10% attrition,
      providing a net total of 45 per group). Patients will be randomized to intervention and
      control arms at a 1:1 ratio.

      11 Ethics

      This study protocol will be submitted to Assuta Ashdod University Hospital Ethics committee
      for approval. The study will be conducted in accordance with the ethical principles
      originating from the Declaration of Helsinki and GCP (ICH E6) and in compliance with local
      regulatory requirements. Participants' identity will be kept confidential, and to the extent
      permitted by the applicable laws and/or regulations, will not be made publicly available. If
      the study results are published, the participants' identity will remain confidential.

      Informed consent will be obtained in accordance with ICH/GCP Guidelines and the Declaration
      of Helsinki and will be implemented before protocol specific procedures are carried out. The
      risks and benefits of participating in the study will be verbally explained to each potential
      participant prior to signing the consent form in accordance with local regulatory legal
      requirements. The signed consent form will be retained by the investigator and a copy
      provided to each participant.

      12 Source Documentation

      The investigator will keep accurate separate records of all participants' study data
      collected, including all pertinent study related information. The investigators are committed
      to thorough documentation of all side effects and Adverse Events during the study in a
      participant study binder including any diagnostic tests conducted during the study.

      All study documentation will be kept for 15 years after all participants have completed and
      all data has been collected. The IRB/IEC will be notified in writing of the study completion
      and archive site.

      13 Study Timeline

      Patients will be recruited from September 2019 to June 2021. Final data collection and
      statistical analysis will be performed within 6 months from the completion of the study. With
      G-od's help(Deus Ke ser) Publications will be generated by the investigators at the
      completion of the data analysis.
    

Intervention name(s): Lidocaine; Saline
Intervention type(s): Drug; Drug
Intervention description(s): The study group underwent hysteroscopy using saline to which 10ml of 2% lidocaine was added to the first 1000 ml. This dose of lidocaine was calculated to allow maximal benefits with minimal potential complications. The maximal dose of lidocaine is 5mg\kg in adults which translates to 200mg in a 40kg patient. We have set 200 mg as the maximal dose of lidocaine in our study, assuring the dosage is safe. The rest of the procedure following the first 1000ml of saline was completed using saline alone as needed.; The control group underwent hysteroscopy using a saline distension medium.
Other intervention name(s): Essracaine; Sodium chloride
Intervention MeSH terms: Lidocaine
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention model description: RCT double blind
Masking: Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: hysteroscopy; lidocaine; see and treat