Relationship of Exercise Capacity With Physical Activity Level, Sleep Apnea Risk and Quality of Life in Obese Adults
Condition: Obesity
MeSH terms: Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      Volunteer female and male individuals aged 20-65 years, followed in the State Hospital
      Internal Diseases Unit, diagnosed with obesity (BMI> 30 kg/m^2), and meeting the inclusion
      criteria will be included in the study. The control group will consist of healthy male and
      female individuals between the ages of 20-65 who have not been diagnosed with obesity. The
      demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants who voluntarily accepted to
      participate in the study will be questioned with the "Evaluation Form" prepared by the
      researchers, and the body compositions of the participants will be evaluated. The "Charlson
      Comorbidity Index (CCI)" will be used to determine the existing chronic diseases of the
      participants and to evaluate participants' comorbidities. Next; the "Incremental Shuttle Walk
      Test (ISWT)" will be applied to determine exercise capacity. In addition, in order to
      determine the level of physical activity, a "pedometer" device will be given to the
      participants, participants will be asked to carry the device on them for 7 days, and at the
      end of the period, the pedometer data will be recorded. At the same time, participants will
      be required to fill in the "International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form
      (IPAQ-SF)". Participants will be asked to fill in the "Stop-Bang Test" to assess the risk of
      sleep apnea, the "Obesity-Specific Quality of Life Scale (OSQOL)" to assess the
      health-related quality of life, and the "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)" to
      determine the anxiety and depression level of the participants. Handgrip strength will be
      evaluated with a hydraulic hand dynamometer. Assessments take an average of 45 minutes is
      planned.
    

Detailed description: 
      Obesity is a serious public health problem whose prevalence is increasing day by day and is
      accepted as an epidemic by the World Health Organization. Obesity; increases the risk of
      developing cardiovascular and metabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis, type II diabetes
      and metabolic syndrome, but also leads to some types of cancer and many musculoskeletal
      disorders. In addition to all these negative diseases and syndromes, obese individuals often
      experience a significant deterioration in their physical functions. At the same time, the
      sedentary lifestyle, which is common in obese individuals, causes a decrease in exercise
      capacity, which negatively affects the ability to perform activities of daily living. Studies
      have shown that decreased exercise capacity is strongly correlated with the risk of all-cause
      mortality. In addition, patients with low exercise capacity have a higher risk of regaining
      the lost weight. Therefore, increasing exercise capacity is an important goal in obesity
      management as well as reducing body weight. Studies show that obese individuals are generally
      at risk for low physical activity levels, sleep apnea syndrome and low quality of life. On
      the other hand, there is not enough information about the relationship between exercise
      capacity, physical activity level, sleep apnea risk and quality of life in obese adults.
      Exercise capacity; investigation of its relationship with physical activity level, sleep
      apnea risk and quality of life will give an idea about the effect of exercise on these
      parameters if exercise capacity is increased with a comprehensive exercise program to be
      prepared for obese individuals. In conclusion, the aim of the study was to evaluate exercise
      capacity in obese adults and to investigate the relationship between exercise capacity,
      physical activity level, sleep apnea risk and quality of life.
    

Intervention name(s): Exercise capacity
Intervention type(s): Diagnostic Test
Intervention description(s): The incremental shuttle walking test at increasing speed (ISWT) is one of the field tests used to evaluate exercise capacity. It has been shown that ISWT is a valid and reliable assessment tool that can be used to evaluate exercise capacity in obese individuals. This test is an exercise test in which walking between two cones 10 m apart at increasing speed for 12 minutes is counted as one sit-up for each 10-meter walk between the two cones. It is continued until the patient is unable to continue the test due to shortness of breath, the heart rate reaches 85% of the maximum expected heart rate, or completes the 12-minute test. In this test, the primary measure is the distance walked, and the result is calculated based on the number of shuttles completed.
Observational model: Other
Time perspective: Other
Sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
Study population: 
        The obese population will consist of participants diagnosed with obesity (BMI> 30 kg/m^2),
        followed by the Tuzla State Hospital Internal Diseases unit in the Tuzla district of
        Istanbul. The healthy participant population will consist of healthy male and female
        individuals residing in Istanbul, between the ages of 20 and 65, who have not been
        diagnosed with obesity.
      
Keywords: obesity; exercise capacity; physical activity; sleep apnea; quality of life; anxiety; depression; hand grip strength