Effects of Two Different Exercises on Cognition
Condition: Healthy
Study type: Interventional

Summary: 
      The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Pilates-based exercises on
      cognitive functions in comparison with aerobic exercises.

      Individuals in the 4-weeks study will be divided into two groups using the Graphpad website:
      Clinical Pilates exercise group (Group 1), aerobic exercise group (Group 2). The sample size
      for each group was calculated as 24 people. Considering the possibility of %10 drops, 27
      individuals will be included in each group and a total of 54 cases in the study. First, the
      socio-demographic information of the participants will be collected with a prepared form.
      Individuals will be assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form,
      Nelson Speed of Movement Test, Verbal Fluency Test and Stroop Test at pre-study,end of the
      first session and end of the study (4th week). Participants in control will be given will
      keep an activity lo to check their physical activity levels. SPSS package programme will be
      used in the analysis of the data and p<0.05 will be considered significant.
    

Detailed description: 
      Modern society adapts to the sedentary lifestyle. This global trend is a major threat to
      public health because inactivity is the leading cause of global mortality. In addition, low
      physical activity is related to risk of hypertension, obesity, type II diabetes, cancer, and
      many other chronic diseases.

      There is evidence that regular physical activity contributes to primary and secondary
      prevention of various chronic diseases. It is claimed that physical activity can also affect
      cognitive functions, reduce dementia risk in addition to health benefits. However, studies
      investigating the effects on cognitive functions such as attention, learning and memory are
      limited.

      As a method of physical activity, the effects of aerobic and resistive exercises on cognitive
      functions were generally investigated in the research.Pilates based exercises commonly used
      in recent studies and its effectiveness investigated in various fields are also a physical
      activity method with six principles including concentration, control, centering, flowing
      movement, precision and breathing. Pilates-based exercises that require mentally focusing on
      the targeted body region, develop body-mind connection, aim to increase the quality of
      movement by neuromuscular methods with directing attention to the moving part of body
      segment, appear to be a way to positively affect cognitive functions.

      The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Pilates-based exercises on
      cognitive functions in comparison with aerobic exercises.

      Individuals in the 4-weeks study will be divided into two groups using the Graphpad website:
      Clinical Pilates exercise group (Group 1), aerobic exercise group (Group 2). The Power and
      Sample Size version 3.1.2 (PS) programme was used to calculate the sample size. Because of
      the lack of "minimal clinical important difference" value for the Stroop test in the
      literature while the sample size calculation, the standard deviation value was set to 60 (σ)
      (derived from a similar study), the change in the means (δ) was set as 50 in the formula
      (power 80%, α 0.05). The sample size for each group was calculated as 24 people. Considering
      the possibility of %10 drops, 27 individuals will be included in each group and a total of 54
      cases in the study. Individuals will be enrolled according to the inclusion criteria.

      First, the socio-demographic information of the participants will be collected with a
      prepared form. Individuals will be assessed by the International Physical Activity
      Questionnaire-Short Form, Nelson Speed of Movement Test, Verbal Fluency Test and Stroop Test
      at pre-study and 4th week.

      SPSS statistical program will be used for statistical analysis. The Shapiro Wilk test will be
      performed to determine the normal distribution suitability of the data. The difference
      between the continuous variables in the groups will be compared with the Independent T test.
      Paired Simple T-Test will be used to evaluate changes in each group before and after the
      program. In all analyzes p<0.05 will be considered statistically significant.
    

Intervention name(s): Clinic Pilates Group; Aerobic Exercise Group
Intervention type(s): Other; Other
Intervention description(s): Clinical Pilates exercises include "Hundreds", "One Leg Stretch", "Shoulder Bridge", "One Leg Kick", Swimming ", Double Leg Stretch", "Swan Dive" Circle "," Arm Opening "," Spine Twist "," Roll Down "exercises.; Aerobic exercise with using an elliptical bike, or bike or treadmill under supervision of a physiotherapist.
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary purpose: Screening