Safety of Gastric Volume Emptying After the Intake of Maltodextrin and Glutamine
Condition: Pulmonary Aspiration of Gastric Contents; Adverse Effects in the Therapeutic Use of Other and Unspecified General Anaesthetics; Pulmonary Aspiration During Anaesthetic Induction
MeSH terms: Respiratory Aspiration of Gastric Contents
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 2

Summary: 
      Carbohydrates (CHO)-based drinks 2h before the induction of anesthesia are recommended to
      decrease insulin resistance. The addition of glutamine (GLN) in these beverages may enhance
      the benefits of CHO alone. However, only a few studies tested the safety of this formula. The
      objective of this study was to evaluate the gastric residual volume (GRV) after the intake of
      a beverage containing CHO plus GLN using magnetic resonance (MRI).
    

Detailed description: 
      We included 11 male young volunteers (aged between 21 and 30 years-old) with body mass index
      (BMI) between 20 and 29 kg/m2 and without either acute or chronic illness in the last 3
      months. The criteria for exclusion were non-adherence to any phase of the study protocol,
      gastroesophageal reflux disease, previous history of intolerance to lactose, gastroparesis or
      history of poor gastric emptying, diabetes mellitus, and previous abdominal surgery.

      Each volunteer was randomized for participation in the study in a blind fashion. All subjects
      underwent two different protocols before MRI with an interval of seven days between them.
      Both phases took place after an overnight fast of eight hours. The volunteers ingested 400ml
      (4 hours before the exam was carried out) at 8:00AM and 200ml (2 hours before the exam was
      carried out) at 10:00AM of a beverage containing either water plus 12.5% maltodextrin
      (Phloraceae, Cuiabá, Brazil; CHO group) or the same beverage plus 15g of GLN (Phloraceae,
      Cuiabá, Brazil; GLN group). The participants were instructed not to ingest alcohol,
      medication, and caffeine within 24 hours of the study, nor do any vigorous physical activity
      during that time.

      In both phases the individuals were blind to the specific drink and they were told to ingest
      the beverage in a maximum period of five minutes and T0 was defined as the moment they
      complete the intake of the solution.The powdered products (maltodextrin alone or
      maltodextrine plus glutamine) were packed in coded opaque sachets and the content was only
      known by the pharmacist who manipulated it.

      All the participants in the study underwent magnetic resonance of the upper abdomen at
      12:00AM and 01:00PM. The GRV observed during the first exam was defined as T120 and the
      second exam as T180. All exams were performed by the same magnetic resonance equipment
      (Intera 1.5T ; Philips Healthcare, Eindhoven, Holland).
    

Intervention name(s): Maltodextrin; Glutamine
Intervention type(s): Dietary Supplement; Dietary Supplement
Intervention description(s): The volunteers underwent MRI after the ingestion of the dietary supplement in a crossover fashion aiming at measuring the gastric residual volume; The volunteers ingested 400ml (4 hours before the exam was carried out) at 8:00AM and 200ml (2 hours before the exam was carried out) at 10:00AM of a beverage containing water plus 12.5% maltodextrin plus 15g of GLN before MRI
Other intervention name(s): Maltodestrin plus glutamine
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)
Primary purpose: Prevention
Keywords: preoperative care; maltodextrine; glutamine; gastric residual volume; MRI