sTREM-1, sTREM-2, Presepsin, and Periodontitis
Condition: Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis
MeSH terms: Periodontitis; Periodontal Diseases
Study type: Observational

Summary: 
      The goal of this observational study is to compare saliva sTREM-1, sTREM-2, Presepsin levels
      and sTREM-1/sTREM-2 ratio of participants with/without periodontitis.

      The main question it aims to answer is there a relationship between saliva sTREM-1, sTREM-2,
      Presepsin levels, sTREM-1/sTREM-2 ratio and periodontitis.

      Participants will give saliva samples without any intervention
    

Detailed description: 
      Periodontitis is a chronic, inflammatory disease with a cyclical course with active and
      passive periods, which may result in the destruction of gingival fibers, resorption of
      alveolar bone, and subsequent tooth loss, by spreading the inflammatory event that started in
      the gingiva to the tissues supporting the tooth as a result of the effects of bacteria. The
      disease is closely associated with many systemic conditions. These conditions include
      diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, birth complications, pregnancy,
      puberty.

      sTREM-1, the soluble form of TREM-1 resulting from the cleavage by MMP (matrix
      metalloproteinase) of the extracellular portion of this receptor, was identified in 2004.
      Higher concentrations of sTREM-1 were noted in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva
      from patients with periodontitis and correlated with certain periodontal clinical parameters
      (Plaque Index [PlI], Gingival Index [GI], PPD or clinical attachment loss [CAL]). TREM-2,
      another member of the TREM family, is also synthesised by macrophages and together with its
      receptor, DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12), functions to suppress the
      proinflammatory response. Initial studies with TREM-2 in microglia cells showed that it plays
      an important role in suppressing TNF-α and IL-6 levels. The secretion of presepsin has been
      reported as a stimulus of monocytes phagocytosis. Therefore, recognition of presepsin is
      predictable even in healthy non-infective individuals. The concept for presepsin proposes
      that its levels should be measureable in non-infective individuals, increase the early steps
      of bacterial infections, and its levels should be dependent on the intensity of the innate
      immune induction.

      The study material will be 70 adult individuals who applied to Atatürk University Faculty of
      Dentistry, Department of Periodontology for different reasons {1. group (H): periodontally
      healthy individuals, group 2 (P): individuals with periodontitis}. Saliva samples will be
      collected from the participants without any periodontal intervention. sTREM-1, sTREM-2,
      Presepsin levels will be studied.

      The aim of this study; to evaluate the saliva sTREM-1, sTREM-2, Presepsin levels and
      sTREM-1/sTREM-2 ratio in the saliva samples of patients with periodontitis by comparing them
      with healthy controls, and to investigate the association in the pathogenesis of
      periodontitis or a simple marker of disease activity in the light of these findings.
    

Intervention name(s): no intervention
Intervention type(s): Other
Intervention description(s): no intervention
Other intervention name(s): periodontitis; healthy
Observational model: Case-Control
Time perspective: Cross-Sectional
Sampling method: Probability Sample
Study population: 
        individuals who referred to Atatürk University, Department of Periodontology
      
Biospecimen description: 
      saliva
    
Keywords: periodontitis; sTREM-1; sTREM-2; Presepsin