Dark Chocolate, Coconut Water, and Ibuprofen in Managing Primary Dysmenorrhea
Condition: Dysmenorrhea Primary; Menstrual Pain; Ibuprofen
MeSH terms: Dysmenorrhea
Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase 2

Summary: 
      Dysmenorrhea, the painful condition experienced by women during menstruation, affects a
      significant proportion of women worldwide and often leads to decreased productivity. Various
      pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments are available for pain relief, but
      information on their effectiveness, particularly regarding green coconut water, dark
      chocolate, and Ibuprofen, remains limited. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of
      green coconut water, dark chocolate bars, and Ibuprofen in reducing the intensity of primary
      dysmenorrhea. A randomized controlled trial with a quantitative design was conducted,
      involving 45 participants randomly assigned to receive either 330 ml of green coconut water,
      35 grams of 70% dark chocolate, or 400 mg Ibuprofen. Pain intensity was measured before and
      after treatment.
    

Detailed description: 
      Dysmenorrhea, commonly known as period pain, is a prevalent condition that affects a large
      number of women during menstruation, causing discomfort and often leading to reduced
      productivity. While several treatments are available to alleviate the pain, there is limited
      information on the comparative effectiveness of different interventions, including green
      coconut water, dark chocolate, and Ibuprofen.

      This research aimed to conduct a randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of
      green coconut water, dark chocolate bars, and Ibuprofen in managing primary dysmenorrhea. A
      total of 45 participants were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to one of three
      intervention groups: green coconut water, dark chocolate bars, or Ibuprofen.

      The green coconut water group received 330 ml of pure green coconut water, which is known for
      its potential health benefits and natural electrolyte content. The dark chocolate group
      received 35 grams of 70% dark chocolate, as some studies have suggested its potential role in
      pain relief due to the presence of bioactive compounds. The Ibuprofen group received 400 mg
      of the common over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) known for its
      analgesic properties.

      To assess the effectiveness of each intervention, pain intensity was measured before and
      after treatment using validated pain scales. The Kruskal-Wallis test, a non-parametric
      statistical method, was used to analyze the data and compare the effectiveness of the three
      interventions.
    

Intervention name(s): Ibuprofen 400 mg; Young Coconut Water; Dark Chocolate Bar
Intervention type(s): Drug; Other; Other
Intervention description(s): Dosage Form: Tablet Dosage: 1 tablet of Ibuprofen (400 mg) Frequency: One-time consumption Duration: Pain intensity measured before consumption and two hours after consumption; Dosage Form: Liquid (coconut water) Dosage: 330 ml (milliliters) of young coconut water Frequency: One-time consumption Duration: Pain intensity measured before consumption and two hours after consumption.; Dosage Form: Solid (dark chocolate bar) Dosage: 35 grams of 70% dark chocolate Frequency: One-time consumption Duration: Pain intensity measured before consumption and two hours after consumption.
Other intervention name(s): Ibuprofen 400 mg - Novapharin
Intervention MeSH terms: Ibuprofen
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention model: Parallel Assignment
Intervention model description: The sample comprised 45 female students from Saleha Midwifery Academy who met the inclusion criteria and voluntarily consented after a detailed explanation. Sample size was determined using the Federer formula, yielding a minimum of 9 participants per group. However, 15 samples were included in each of the three treatment groups, resulting in a total of 45 subjects due to the three interventions.
Simple random sampling via Microsoft Excel's random name selection feature was used to select participants from the accessible population. Random allocation to treatment or control groups was done without bias, using a blocking system and designated application.
The samples were divided into three groups: Group 1 received young coconut water, Group 2 received 70% dark chocolate bar, and Group 3 received 1 tablet of Ibuprofen, an NSAID. Allocation to each group was randomized using a designated application and a block system.
Masking: Triple (Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary purpose: Treatment
Keywords: Dark Chocolate; Young Coconut Water; Ibuprofen; Pain Intensity