billchoa/3036384256-COMP7607-data huggingface dataset:
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Article 19 The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be vested with independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication.

assistant: 第十九條 香港特別行政區享有獨立的司法權和終審權。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It would be difficult for Parliament to provide for specific protection against derivative use of such answers given by a witness.

assistant: 國會難以就某名證人所提供的該等答案的派生用途而訂立特定保障。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As to its retrospective provision, they (by majority) held it to be valid but not applicable to pre 1 July 1997 arrivals.

assistant: 至於追溯條文方面，上訴法庭則以多數裁定此條文有效，但卻不適用於1997年7月1日前抵港之人士。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Do they appear to be compatible upon scrutiny, with considerations of legitimate need, rationality and proportionality borne in mind?

assistant: 在緊記合法需要、合理性和相稱性的考慮因素下，兩者經過細察看來是否兼容？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (2002) 5 HKCFAR 356 at para. 38: “Where a point is taken at the trial, the facts pertaining to it are open to full investigation at the evidence-taking stage of the litigation.

assistant: (2002) 5 HKCFAR 356所述的總則（該案判詞第38段）﹕  “凡在審訊中處理某一論點，則關乎該論點的事實是在訴訟的取證階段受到全面調查。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Such practice is inequitable and some states have even enacted legislation to impose restrictions on the same.

assistant: 這一做法是有失公平的，有些國家更對此進行立法加以限制。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Taken at face value, as the court noted, counsel seemed to be saying that Exhibit 184 was not made voluntarily.

assistant: 正如上訴法庭注意到，表面看來，大律師似乎是指證物184並非在自願的情況下產生。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (1) Counterfeiting is a serious problem involving fraudulent conduct with adverse effects on genuine trade.

assistant: (1)僞制是嚴重的問題，因其涉及欺詐行爲，並對真正貿易帶來負面影響。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Three years before the current Hong Kong rule was made, the House of Lords decided DPP v Merriman[149].

assistant: 在香港現行規則訂立之前三年，英國上議院在DPP v Merriman一案作出判決[149]。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Throughout they were domiciled in the Mainland where concubinage had been abolished by the time they purported to enter into unions of concubinage.

assistant: 他們由始至終都以內地爲居籍，而在他們看來締結夫妾關係之時，內地已廢除了納妾。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: "Hong Kong residents shall have freedom of movement within the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and freedom of emigration to other countries and regions.

assistant: “香港居民有在香港特別行政區境內遷徙的自由，有移居其他國家和地區的自由。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: According to the Interpretation, art. 22(4) qualifies art. 24(2)(3) so that persons falling within art. 24(2)(3) must apply for approval from the Mainland authorities to enter the HKSAR.

assistant: 根據該解釋，第二十四條第二款第（三）項受第二十二條第四款規限。 因此，第二十四條第二款第（三）項所述的人士，必須向內地機關申請辦理批准手續，纔可進入香港特區。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Therefore, any conduct of the other party which deprives him of the use of part of it removes the basis on which the penal consequences of missing the time limit were agreed.

assistant: 因此，另一方如作出任何行爲使負責施工的一方無法使用部分時間，即令已協定的逾時罰則失去基礎。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: \n[1988] AC 379, the House of Lords was concerned with a case involving prisoners charged with offences against prison discipline (which would also constitute criminal offences).

assistant: \n[1988] AC 379案，上議院所審視的案件，涉及被控違反監獄紀律罪行的囚犯（該等罪行也構成刑事罪行）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Even if he could, he would be entitled to decide that whatever expectations these persons might have, they are overridden by the overwhelming force of immigration policy which underlies the immigration legislation validated by the Interpretation.

assistant: 即使他可以這樣行使酌情權，入境政策既是該解釋所認可之入境條例的基礎，其效力自不可推翻，所以處長也有權裁定，無論這些人士有甚麼期望，政策的效力也會凌駕於他們的期望之上。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 39.  FG has drawn attention to what Mr Ji Peng Fei, the Chairman of the Basic Law Drafting Committee, said about art.19(3) in the course of his speech addressed to the Third Session of the Seventh National People’s Congress on 28 March 1990, which is this :

assistant: 39.  FG邀請本法院注意基本法起草委員會主任委員姬鵬飛先生於1990年3月28日在第七屆全國人民代表大會第三次會議上的發言。 關於第19(3)條，他在發言期間這樣說：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 14.  Statutory declarations were provided by the respondents on 9 October  2002, supplemented, in the case of the 2nd respondent, by a further statutory declaration dated 5 December 2002.

assistant: 14. 兩名答辯人於2002年10月9日提交法定聲明書，而第二答辯人則於2002年12月5日再提交一份補充法定聲明書。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: During the course of argument there were submissions which extended this request to an interpretation of Article 19 as well.

assistant: 在辯論期間，更提出把釋法的請求延伸至第十九條。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The Mainland laws requiring exit approval for Mainland residents coming to Hong Kong of course are and remain fully enforceable on the Mainland. But they cannot provide a constitutional basis for limiting rights conferred by the Basic Law.

assistant: 內地的法律規定內地居民要有出境批准纔可進入香港，這法律當然可以全面在國內執行，但卻不能作爲一項憲法的基礎來規限《基本法》所賦予的權利。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Basic Law 1990 63.

assistant: 1990年《基本法》 63.
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Some of it, once the statements therein are read in context, turns out not to bear upon anything with which the present case is concerned.

assistant: 其中一些陳述，一旦從上文下理中來看，便會發現它們和本案所關注的無關。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: They are not covered by the policy decision.

assistant: 這些人不是該政策決定涵蓋的人士。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: the fact that the full measure of loss might not be ascertainable for some time did not mean that the Bank had suffered no pecuniary loss:

assistant: 損失的幅度可能在一段時間內都無法全面確定，但這並不表示銀行不曾蒙受金錢損失：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: For the constitutional law assessment, two limitations are significant which are found in the statute itself and which have as a consequence that bans and dispersals can in essence only be considered for the protection of elemental legal interests.

assistant: 這兩項限制已載於有關的法規本身，而其結果是[當局]大體上只可爲着保障基本法定權益而考慮禁止和驅散[公衆聚集]。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 19.  Declaring a law or executive action unconstitutional does not normally leave any void in the legal order let alone a void that dissolves society or imperils the rule of law.

assistant: 19.  宣告一項法例或行政措施違憲，通常不會在法律秩序中留下任何空白之處，更不會留下使社會解體或危及法治的空白之處。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As a result of this change of policy, the Legal Aid Department secured an arrangement with the Director of Immigration in mid October 1997 whereby the Director of Immigration undertook not to remove those persons who had applied for (but were not granted) legal aid and whom the Legal Aid Department had considered as having a meritorious case.

assistant: 由於政策改變，故法律援助署在1997年10月中與入境事務處處長取得協議作出安排，由入境事務處處長承諾不遣送已提出(但未獲給予)法律援助申請，以及法律援助署認爲其個案是有理據的人士離境。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 10.  By a summons taken out on 27 March 2009 the appellant applied to set aside that ex parte order.

assistant: 10.  上訴人於2009年3月27日發出傳票，申請將上述因應單方面申請而作出的命令擱置。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is bound up with the right to demonstrate … History shows how much Governments have disliked these demonstrations.”  He spoke to similar effect in the English Court of Appeal case of Hubbard v. Pitt \n[1976] QB 142.

assistant: 歷史顯示了政府對這些示威有多討厭。 ”他在英國上訴法院案例Hubbard v. Pitt \n[1976] QB 142��亦曾發表類似意見。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: One of the conditions of the policy decision is that a person must be present in Hong Kong when he made his claim.

assistant: 該政策決定其中一個條件是某人在作出聲稱時必須身處香港。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Unless the reduction in the rent applicable to a particular estate or batch of estates has the effect of bringing the median rent to income ratio in respect of all the Housing Authority’s estates below the statutory ceiling, it cannot be made at all.

assistant: 除非適用於某個別屋邨或某批屋邨的減租可使房屋委員會轄下所有屋邨的租金與收入中位比例下調至低於法定上限，否則房屋委員會不得減租。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The precondition is the Government's acceptance of the surrender of part of the plot, and this is discretionary.

assistant: 有關先決條件是政府接受交出部分土地，而這是由政府酌情決定的。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In this judgment, I shall deal with the merits question.

assistant: 本席在本判詞中將集中處理是非曲直問題。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As mentioned above, the real issues concern the lawfulness or otherwise of the prosecution's derivative use of the materials obtained from the Financial Secretary.

assistant: 正如上文所述，真正的爭議點關乎控方派生使用取自財政司的材料之舉是否合法。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is a matter over which the HKSAR courts lack jurisdiction.

assistant: 香港特區的法院在這方面並無司法管轄權。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: \n[48] C.3b  Which organ of State decides?

assistant: \n[48] C.3b  國家哪個機關決定？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: And the effect of the decision is stated as follows in the headnote (at p.71 C-D):

assistant: 該案的提要如此說明案中判決的效力（見該案彙編第71頁C至D行）：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The first head of damage consisted of the liability to Whale View arising upon Kensland’s refusal to complete on 2 September 1997.

assistant: 首個損害項目，是Kensland於1997年9月2日拒絕成交所引起對Whale View負上的法律責任。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 42. The second question must also be answered affirmatively.

assistant: 42.  上述第二個問題的答案亦必然是肯定的。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Therefore no limit on a person's stay in Hong Kong can impede the verification of his or her acquisition of the right of abode here by ordinarily residing here for a continuous period of not less than seven years, treating Hong Kong as his or her home indefinitely rather than for a limited period and applying for permanent resident status in reliance upon having so resided here immediately before making that application.

assistant: 因此，對任何人於香港逗留所施加的限制，並不能阻礙有關部門覈實該人在符合下列條件下取得居港權： 通常居於本港連續七年或以上、無限期而非有限期地視香港爲其家以及申請永久性居民身分（所倚賴的基礎爲該人在緊接提出該申請之前已以上述方式居於香港）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: -  "(1) Where the Registrar is of the opinion either on the application of the Respondent or of his own motion that an application discloses no reasonable grounds for leave to appeal, or is frivolous or fails to comply with these Rules, he may issue a summons to the applicant calling upon him to show cause before the Appeal Committee why the application should not be dismissed.

assistant: “(1) 凡司法常務官應答辯人的申請而認爲或自行認爲某項申請並無顯示合理的給予上訴許可的理由，或是瑣屑無聊或不符合本規則的，則他可向申請人發出傳票，傳召他在上訴委員會席前提出爲何不應駁回其申請的因由。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is also highly unusual to find a government agency, particularly one which played a major role in promoting the legislation in question, asserting that a provision of the resulting Ordinance is unconstitutional.

assistant: 再者，一個政府機構 — 尤其是在推動有關法例方面擔當重任的政府機構 — 竟然宣稱所制定的條例中某項條文違憲，這情況是極不尋常的。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The position is the same as it would be if the section had described the conspiracy as to transfer a travel document knowing it would be used for an unlawful purpose.

assistant: 假如該條文將該項串謀描述爲“明知旅行證件會被用作非法用途而轉讓該證件”，情況將沒有分別。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It defends the result, doing so (i) for essentially the reasons given by the majority and (ii) on the additional ground that there has been a waiver.

assistant: 它爲該結果辯護，所基於的是(i) 基本上是多數判決所作的理由，和(ii)剛果曾作出放棄豁免這額外的理由。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The role of the village representative is evident from their composition:

assistant: 從該等議員的組合可以清楚看見村代表所扮演的角色：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (i) legislation whether primary or subsidiary;

assistant: (i)法例，不論是主體法例還是附屬法例；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is therefore clear that the CPG specifically decided that there should not be legislation in the HKSAR to import the commercial exception to absolute immunity provided for under the SIA 1978.

assistant: 因此，中央人民政府顯然特別決定香港特區不應有《1978年國家豁免法令》所規定的包括商業例外的絕對豁免法例。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: They therefore entered his cell to retrieve the newspaper.

assistant: 該兩位懲教人員於是進入他的囚室，以期取回該份報紙。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The duty is not limited to the disclosure of admissible evidence.

assistant: 此責任並不侷限於披露可獲接納的證據。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The Director of Immigration submits that the applicants' expectation is not legitimate or that it cannot be substantively enforced because substantive enforcement would be contrary to law.

assistant: 入境事務處處長陳詞指出，申請人的期望並不合理。 他亦指出他不能切實體現該期望，因爲這樣做會違反法律。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is perfectly appropriate for this conduct to be treated as contravening the criminal law.

assistant: 將此行爲視作觸犯刑法，乃絕對恰當。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In Mr Tse's case, the election was held.

assistant: 以陳先生的案件而言，選舉並沒有進行。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: “Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall have the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.” \n[13] \n[2006] HKCFA 84;

assistant: 「受刑事控告之人，未經依法確定有罪以前，應假定其無罪。」 \n[13] \n[2006] HKCFA 84;
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 6. His evidence in the witness box as to what happened then was summarised by the judge in her summing-up as follows:

assistant: 6. 申請人在證人席上講述當日事發的經過，其證供由主審法官於其總結詞中概括如下：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: But the probability or expectancy of the Government accepting a surrender of part of the plot is not within the scope of s.12(c).

assistant: 然而，頗有可能獲得或預期獲得政府接受交出部分土地，並不在第12(c)條的範圍內。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is that the forensic pathologist Dr Lau Ming-fai who performed the autopsy on Mr Kissel said that although those drugs had probably impaired his “conscious level” at the time of the fatal incident, the degree of such impairment could not be determined.

assistant: 對Kissel先生的屍體進行解剖的法證病理學家劉明輝醫生（Dr Lau Ming-fai）作供稱，雖然該等藥物在發生致命事件當時頗有可能曾損害Kissel先生的「清醒水平」，但該種損害的程度無法確定。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The Basic Law

assistant: 《基本法》
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: And as the 3rd OCMFA Letter stresses, each state adopts a regime of state immunity that is consistent with its own interests, in the light of its national circumstances and foreign policy.

assistant: 而正如外交部駐港公署的第三封信所強調，每個國家均按照本國國情需要和外交政策，採用符合本國利益的國家豁免制度。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: And if they were not lawful, one must ask whether the act of removing the appellants from the police vehicle at WPS was action taken by the police officers concerned in the due execution of their duty.

assistant: 假如逮捕不合法，便必須考慮，在西區警署把各名上訴人從警車上移走的行動是否相關警務人員在正當執行職責期間所採取的行動？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Proper policing is in the legitimate interests of organisers, participants and the general public. It keeps people safe in situations which could otherwise turn lethal.

assistant: 這些安排符合組織人、參與者和普羅大衆的合法權益，使人們在某些一旦不受管制便可能致命的情況下得保安全。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The respondents had previously been paying either a nominal rent (often an amount of $1,000.00) or no rent for the sites.

assistant: 在此之前，衆答辯人只須就有關用地繳交象徵式租金（款額通常爲1,000元）或零租金。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Although the direction on interpretation in s.2(2) does not specifically cover the expression “necessary” and the statutory test of necessity does not refer to the expression “in a democratic society” found in art. 21 of the ICCPR, the clear legislative intent, evident from the incorporation of the ICCPR necessity requirement into the statute, is that the statutory necessity test should be interpreted and approached in the same way as the necessity requirement found in art.

assistant: 雖然第2(2)條下關於釋義的指示並無明確地涵蓋“必要性”一詞，而必要性法定驗證標準亦無提到國際公約第二十一條中的“在民主社會”一詞，但根據立法者把國際公約中的“必要性”規定納入法規所顯示的清晰立法意圖，法定的“必要性”驗證標準應與國際公約第二十一條中的“必要性”規定作出同樣的釋義和處理。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (1) Upon the true construction of the sentence "judgments previously rendered shall not be affected" in art. 158(3), the applicants have an accrued right under the judgments in Ng Ka Ling and Chan Kam Nga and should not be affected by the Interpretation.

assistant: (1) 按第一百五十八條第三款“在此以前作出的判決不受影響”一句的真確解釋，各申請人擁有吳嘉玲及陳錦雅兩案判決所產生的權利，不應受該解釋影響。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: They were applications for unconditional stay.

assistant: 有關申請是無條件逗留的申請。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: And it can be even more strongly contrasted with the 18.5% adopted by the Authority in 1991 for more spacious units.

assistant: 而相對於房委會於1991年就空間更大的單位採納百份之18.5的中位比例，那個對比就更顯強烈。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: I agree with the statement in Fouchard, Gaillard and Goldman :

assistant: 本席贊同，載於Fouchard、 Gaillard 和Goldman 的著作:
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Court of Appeal at §§31 and 63-64.

assistant: 上訴法庭判案書第31及63至64段。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The being so, the arrests of the demonstrators were unlawful.

assistant: 既然如此，逮捕示威者的行動乃屬非法。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 4. Mr Ting Lei Miao ("Mr Ting") was the President of a group of companies in Taiwan which took deposits from the public there.

assistant: 4.  丁磊淼先生（“丁先生”）是一個臺灣公司集團的主席，該集團在當地接受公衆存款。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: To be secure they have to be kept free from any restriction that is repugnant to them or renders their due enjoyment uncertain.

assistant: 基本權利和自由要變得牢固，便必須免受令人反感的限制或使人無從確定能否充分享有這些權利和自由的限制。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: and (5) for a declaration that no decree nisi should be made absolute.

assistant: 及(5)宣告該暫準判令不得轉爲絕對判令。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Clause 33 provides that the DGP “will apply to all Officers”, and it then states that the DGP are included as Appendix 1 to the Conditions.

assistant: 第33條訂明該等程序（即《懲戒和申訴程序》）“適用於所有人員”，並續指該等程序被包括在有關條件的附錄1內。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: And then to focus on keeping that right or freedom beyond any restriction that runs counter to its nature or stands in the way of it serving - and being seen to serve - its purposes in full measure.

assistant: 然後專注於使該權利或自由免受與其性質背道而馳的限制或阻礙其發揮（及讓人看到其發揮）最大作用的限制。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The appropriateness of a reverse burden, like the fairness of the trial, cannot depend on who decides whether there should be a prosecution.”

assistant: 逆轉責任的適當性就像審判的公正性一樣，不能取決於由誰決定應否作出檢控。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This was because she did not know why the issue crucial to her decision had been resolved against the person affected.

assistant: 這是因爲她並不知悉爲何該項對其決策至關重要的問題是以不利於該名受影響人士的方式解決。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: A Resident Representative is elected from among residents of an Existing Village; he is to reflect views on the affairs of that Village on behalf of the residents in that Village, but shall not deal with any affair relating to the lawful traditional rights and interests of indigenous inhabitants.

assistant: 居民代表在現有鄉村的居民當中選出，他須代表該村的居民就該村的事務反映意見，但不得處理任何與原居民的合法傳統權益有關的事務（見第5條）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The determination of an appellant’s appeal is only pending after he has filed his application for leave to appeal.

assistant: 只有當上訴人提交上訴許可申請後，該人才會有上訴聽候裁決。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Section 19(1)(b) provides that the Director "may" make a removal order against a person requiring him to leave Hong Kong if it appears to the Director that that person:

assistant: ”  第19(1)(b) 條規定處長“可”針對某人發出遣送離境令，規定該人必須離開香港，如處長覺得該人：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: However, the process of gradual extension of the protections has also occurred in this context.

assistant: 但是，有關保護的範圍給逐漸擴充的過程，也有在這個方面發生。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 17. In the events which have happened was the Government estopped or otherwise disentitled from demanding liquidated damages and/or premium from the Plaintiffs for failure to complete the development or parts thereof in accordance with the original time-limits and from threatening to re-enter upon the Lot by reason of such alleged failure?

assistant: 17. 鑑於已發生的事件，政府是否已被禁止或喪失權利以該發展項目（或其部分）未能按原訂時限竣工爲由而向衆原告人索取算定損害賠償及／或地價，以及已被禁止或喪失權利基於相同理由而威脅重收該地段？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This, the plaintiffs argue, shows that the liability of the defendant who republishes the libel stands on an independent footing, rendering the allegedly low credibility of the original accuser irrelevant.

assistant: 各名原告人辯稱，由此可見，再次發佈永久形式誹謗的被告人是在獨立的基礎上負有法律責任，因而令所謂“原指控者可信度低”無關宏旨。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 24. We turn now to the first ground of appeal.

assistant: 24. 我等現評析第一項上訴理由。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: There is no record of such attendance.

assistant: 不過入境事務處並無存有該次到訪的紀錄。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Lord Nicholls pointed this out in Miller/McFarlane as follows:

assistant: 李啓新勳爵在Miller/McFarlane案指出：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Because of the “pretty intense” sexual activity, including anal and oral sex, she crushed an “Ambien” sleeping pill and put it in his scotch whisky bottle “thinking it would calm him down”.

assistant: 由於包括肛交和口交等性活動「相當劇烈」，上訴人於是把一粒Ambien安眠藥壓碎，放入死者的蘇格蘭威士忌酒瓶中，「以爲這會令他平靜下來」。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Hence, so Kensland argued, its damage had not occurred earlier than 23 January 2001.

assistant: 由此，Kensland辯稱其所蒙受的損害並非於2001年1月23日之前發生。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Or a bind-over may be made against a party to civil litigation who is before the court.

assistant: 又或在法庭席前的民事訴訟方，也可被法庭下令籤保。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The ISO 9000 (including ISO 9001) is a series of international standards set by the International Organization of Standardisation prescribing requirements for quality management and quality assurance for the manufacture of products and provision of services.

assistant: ISO 9000（包括ISO 9001）是一系列由國際標準化組織訂定的國際標準，在產品製造及服務提供方面訂明品質管理及品質保證的規定。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Before dealing with that, I will begin by outlining the material circumstances of the present case.

assistant: 在討論該等論據之前，本席現先概述本案的關鍵案情。