billchoa/3036384256-COMP7607-data huggingface dataset:
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 1. The provisions of Article 22(4) of the Basic Law of the [HKSAR] of the [PRC] regarding "For entry into the [HKSAR], people from other parts of China must apply for approval" mean as follows: People from all provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government, including those persons of Chinese nationality born outside Hong Kong of Hong Kong permanent residents, who wish to enter the [HKSAR] for whatever reason, must apply to the relevant authorities of their residential districts for approval in accordance with the relevant national laws and administrative regulations, and must hold valid documents issued by the relevant authorities before they can enter the [HKSAR].

assistant: “ 一、 [《基本法》]第22(4)條關於“中國其他地區的人進入[香港特區]須辦理批准手續”的規定，是指各省、自治區、直轄市的人，包括香港永久性居民在內地所生的中國籍子女，不論以何種事由要求進入[香港特區]，均須依照國家有關法律、行政法規的規定，向其所在地區的有關機關申請辦理批准手續，並須持有有關機關制發的有效證件方能進入[香港特區]。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is therefore important that a judge should be very careful in making comments on the evidence, particularly comments adverse to the accused.

assistant: 正因如此，法官評論證據時，尤其是作出對被告人不利的評論時，務須極爲謹慎地行事，這點十分重要。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 3. We are concerned in this appeal with their status as permanent residents of and their right of abode in Hong Kong.

assistant: 3. 在本上訴案中，我等所處理的是他們作爲香港永久性居民的身分及在港之居留權問題。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As to context, it is of course to be borne in mind that when the Standing Committee makes an interpretation of any provision of the Basic Law, the Standing Committee is saying what that provision has meant ever since it first came into effect.

assistant: 在文意方面，當然必須切記當人大常委會就《基本法》中任何一條條文作出解釋時，人大常委會所闡釋的是該條文從立法生效後一直以來的涵義。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 26.  In considering the question whether the proceedings in the Tribunal involved the determination of a criminal charge, the Court of Appeal took account of the principles enunciated by the European Court of Human Rights (“the Strasbourg Court”) in relation to art.6 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) and applied by English Courts in the interpretation and application of the Human Rights Act 1998 (UK).

assistant: 26.  上訴法庭在考慮審裁處的法律程序是否涉及對一項刑事控告作出判定的問題時，曾顧及歐洲人權法庭（“斯特拉斯堡法庭”）就《保護人權和基本自由歐洲公約》（《歐洲公約》）第6條而闡述的原則。 英國的法庭在詮釋和應用《1998年人權法令》（英國）時亦引用該等原則。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Pursuant to s.83W of the Criminal Procedure Ordinance, Cap 221, the Court of Appeal directed that a period of 3 months during which the appellant had served pending the determination of his appeal shall not be reckoned as part of the term of his sentence.

assistant: 上訴法庭根據香港法例第221章《刑事訴訟程序條例》第83W條作出命令，上訴人在聽候上訴裁決時已服刑的三個月時間，不得作爲他所受刑罰的部分刑期計算。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This was the culmination of a long process which had formed the backdrop for the abovementioned agreements.

assistant: 這是經歷一段漫長且爲上述各份協議所見證的過程後的成果。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: An application for the grant of leave to enforce the award, often referred to as the “recognition” phase of enforcement, therefore involves discretionary adjudicative proceedings in which the impleaded State may claim state immunity.

assistant: 因此，申請強制執行裁決的許可 （通常稱爲強制執行的 “認可” 階段）涉及酌情性裁決程序，而被控訴的國家在這項程序中，可要求享有國家豁免。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The defendants contended that all the plaintiffs could reasonably have been expected to acquire the knowledge required for bringing an action in respect of the relevant damage from documents that had been sent to them or their agents more than three years before the issue of the first group.

assistant: 被告人爭辯稱，在第一組訴訟發出之前超過三年，所有原告人均可合理地被預期可從寄送給他們或其代理人的文件中，取得就有關損害而提出訴訟所需的知悉。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Indeed, s.35(5)(a) in Part IV of that Ordinance specifically provides that:

assistant: 事實上，該條例第IV部第35(5)(a)條明確規定：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: “The test for imputing knowledge in section 14(3) is by reference to what the claimant ought reasonably to have done.

assistant: 「用以決定是否根據第14(3)條把知悉歸於申索人的驗證標準，是該人理應做了甚麼事情。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This requirement relating to the parent's status at the time of birth of the person concerned will be referred to as "the time of birth requirement".

assistant: 這項關於有關人士出生時其父母身分的規定，以下稱爲“出生時間的規定”。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The test is always the same though the circumstances vary.

assistant: 雖然情況因案而異，但驗證標準始終不變。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The Attorney then referred to an increasing number of cases involving the use of firearms in the majority of which it was not possible to determine whether the firearm was genuine or not.

assistant: 他曾經提到涉及使用火器的案件與日俱增，而有關火器大部分無法辨別真假。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It will be necessary to return to this proposition later, as it is the subject of a submission by Mr Gerard McCoy SC for the appellant.

assistant: 本席將要於稍後再討論這項法律觀點，因爲它是代表上訴人的資深大律師麥高義先生的陳詞的主題。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 40. The cases show that challenges to statutory instruments on the grounds of uncertainty and irrationality depend upon the scope of the power to make the instrument, not on a judicial policy or a free-standing common law rule.

assistant: 40.  上述各宗案例顯示，以不確定及不合常理爲由而對法定文書提出的質疑，成敗關鍵在於制定該文書的權力範圍，而非某項司法政策或獨立的普通法規則。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The forensic pathologist Dr Lau proceeded on the basis that the base-plate was already in a curved shape when the blows to Mr Kissel’s head were struck.

assistant: 法證病理學家劉醫生作供時以下述一點爲基礎，即當Kissel先生的頭部受到重擊時，該底板已呈彎曲形狀。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: That is clearly the inexorable consequence of the Hong Kong courts' duty under art. 158 to follow Standing Committee interpretations when applying Basic Law provisions interpreted by the Standing Committee.

assistant: 很明顯，這是必然的後果，因爲根據第一百五十八條，香港法院有責任在引用人大常委會所解釋的《基本法》條文時，應以人大常委會的解釋爲準。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As there was a lurking doubt in the prosecution case, the defendant was entitled to benefit from such doubt and so I found him not guilty.”  But refuses costs on the “bringing of suspicion upon oneself” ground

assistant: 由於控方的說法有潛在疑點，被告人有權得享疑點利益，所以本席裁定他無罪。 ”  但以“自招懷疑”爲理由而拒絕判給訟費
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: He gave evidence to substantiate his allegations which were denied by the prosecution.

assistant: 他作供支持自己的指稱，控方則否認該等指稱。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 19. Two further considerations are relevant at this point.

assistant: 19. 在這階段另有兩方面相關的考慮。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 40.  The facts concerning the objective conduct of the appellants were not in dispute, and were established by a Statement of Admitted Facts and documents tendered at the trial.

assistant: 40.  關於兩名上訴人的客觀行爲的事實未受爭議，並經由在原審階段提交的“控辯雙方同意案情”和文件證明。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As this would amount to allowance of the appeal in part but its failure on the main grounds argued, I would invite written submissions on costs.

assistant: 由於此舉相當於裁定部分上訴得直但駁回主要的上訴理據，因此本席會邀請與訟各方就訟費問題提交書面陳詞。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Held unlawful by the Court of Appeal

assistant: 被上訴法庭裁定爲不合法
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This point was emphasised by Mr Ma SC for the Director:

assistant: 代表處長的資深大律師馬道立先生曾經強調此點：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 19. The judge ruled that the burden was on defendant to show that the plaintiffs had no authority to sue.

assistant: 19.  法官裁定，被告人有責任證明原告人無權起訴。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Furthermore, as Mr Grossman suggests, such an outcome would be wholly contrary to one of the main purposes of the DGP, particularly given their express emphasis on common sense and “natural justice”.

assistant: 再者，正如郭兆銘先生所提出，上述結果完全有違該等程序的其中一項主要目的（特別是由於該等程序明確地強調常理和“自然公義”原則）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 26. In assessing the appellant's responsibility at 25 per cent, the trial judge was rightly influenced by the fact that the appellant was the victim of a breach of a statutory duty designed to prevent workers from falling or injuring themselves if they fell.

assistant: 26.  原審法官在裁定上訴人須承擔百分之二十五的責任時，曾正確地考慮到，上訴人事實上是違反法定責任的受害者，而該法定責任的宗旨在於防止工人墮下或因而受傷。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The Director maintains that :

assistant: 處長堅稱：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It cannot stand with the Yin Shuenjudgment as we have explained it.

assistant: 審裁處的裁決與一如我等所闡釋的Yin Shuen判決相悖。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Whatever the effect of the representation or promise, it was clearly and unequivocally withdrawn in 1996 when representatives of the Heung Yee Kuk were told that after very careful consideration the Administration had come to the view that there was insufficient justification for repealing s.12(c).

assistant: 此外，有關的表述或承諾不論有何效力，都已於1996年明確及毫不含糊地被撤回，當時鄉議局的代表獲告知，行政當局經深思熟慮後，認爲沒有充分理由廢除第12(c)條。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The onus of proof lies on the prosecution and the standard of proof is one of beyond a reasonable doubt. The defendant is not required to prove himself innocent.

assistant: 舉證嘅責任在控方，要達到毫無合理疑點之下嘅，被告人系毋須證明自己無辜清白。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: I respect the opposite view.

assistant: 本席尊重相反的見解。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It would be wrong in these circumstances to construe the letters written by lay people strictly as if they were formal legal documents.

assistant: 在這種情況下，把非法律專業人士所寫的信件當作正式法律文件般嚴格分析，乃屬錯誤。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Nor am I persuaded that by the use of the phrase “the reasonable expectations of the parties” in the context in which he did, Lord Steyn intended to widen the basis of his decision beyond conflict with actual contractual rights.

assistant: 本席亦不信納，在有關情況下，Steyn勳爵使用“各方的合理期望”一句的目的是將其裁決的基礎擴展至超越與實際合約權利相牴觸的情況。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In our view, the questions so stated are to be referred by the Secretary for Justice through the Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the Standing Committee along with the following Court documents:

assistant: 我們認爲，須由律政司司長透過外交部駐香港特別行政區特派員公署，提請常務委員會就上述問題作出解答，提請須連同以下文件 :
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 7.  Although not every part of them is material, I should set out sections 8AA and 8B in their entirety so as to make the full context apparent.

assistant: 7.  第8AA條及第8B條雖不是每一部分都與本案爭議點有關，但本席應將全文列出，以顯示完整文意。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Each participant is criminally liable for all the acts done in pursuance of the joint enterprise.

assistant: 共同計劃的每名參與者都要爲按該計劃而作出的所有行爲承擔刑責。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: First, both the Basic Law and the ICCPR enshrine the principle of equality, the antithesis of any discrimination.

assistant: 其一，《基本法》和“國際人權公約”都奉行平等原則，反對任何歧視。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The reason why such removal orders must be quashed is as follows.

assistant: 該等遣送離境令必須撤銷的理由如下。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Support for this view is provided by Coughlan.

assistant: 這論點有英國案例Coughlan支持。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The Judge's reasons for concluding that a permanent stay should be ordered on the ground of abuse of process centred on two matters.

assistant: 原審法官斷定因法律程序遭濫用而應頒令永久擱置該程序，其理據集中於兩點。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: However, when interpreting the provisions that define the categories of permanent residents, the courts should simply consider the language in the light of any ascertainable purpose and the context.

assistant: 然而，法院在解釋有關界定永久性居民類別的條款時，則只應參照任何可確定的目的及背景來考慮這些條款的字句。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (4) Why did ICEA allow ...\n Au to be delegated with the duty listed in (3) above?

assistant: (4) 工商東亞爲何准許……歐雪明獲授以上文第(3)項所列職責？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This does not involve any clash between s.12(aa) of the LRO and that scheme.

assistant: 這並不表示或意味《收地條例》第12(aa)條與上述許可制度之間有任何衝突。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Secondly, he has to show that the judge had no choice but to find that the seller here, Lien Yig, was indeed entitled to the sum claimed, or some other identified claim, as the price of the goods in question. Analysis

assistant: 其次，上訴人也須證明原審法官別無選擇，只能裁斷該供應商（即聯億）確實有權獲得申索的金額，或其他已知的申索金額，作爲該批貨物的貨款。 分析
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (3) if the person concerned expresses his consent to being bound over in the terms contained in the order, that consent may be taken to constitute his entry into his own recognizances and the bind-over will be effective with nothing more needing to be done;

assistant: (3)   假如有關人士表示同意按照命令所載條款籤保，則該同意便可視爲構成該人作出自籤擔保，而有關籤保即屬有效，毋須再符合任何其他要求；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: However, judgments previously rendered shall not be affected".

assistant: 但在此以前作出的判決不受影響。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The factual background A.1  The basis of the plaintiff’s claim 185.

assistant: 事實背景 A.1  原告人的申索依據 185.
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: But there is nothing to suggest that the Government’s conduct in this case was dictated, or even influenced, by a desire to avoid paying compensation.

assistant: 但本案中並無跡象顯示政府的行爲是受到避免支付補償的意欲所主導甚或影響。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is plain that the Westinghouse case does not assist the appellants.

assistant: Westinghouse案明顯對上訴人沒有幫助。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Section 31(5)(b) in the present case 235.

assistant: 第31(5)(b)條於本案 235.
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: And the minute makes no reference to the SFC's earlier indication that the closure of the inquiry into Meocre Li was subject to new information coming to light.

assistant: 此外，上述錄事亦無提述證監會早前曾表示雖然結束對李國榮的查訊，但如有新資料曝光則作別論。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: \n[2000] 2 AC 412 where, discussing certain compulsory powers to obtain information conferred on a local authority, his Lordship stated :

assistant: \n[2000] 2 AC 412案中表達的看法吻合。 賀輔明勳爵在討論地方機關獲賦予的若干強制獲取資料權力時表示：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Under the contract, Kensland was entitled to direct how the balance of the purchase price was to be paid, and Whale View’s obligation to pay that balance was not discharged unless payment was made in the manner stipulated.

assistant: 根據該合約，Kensland有權指示買價餘額須如何支付，而除非Whale View按照指定方式付款，否則它支付買價餘額的責任不得被視爲解除。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: At the same time, China has never accepted any foreign courts having jurisdiction over cases in which the State or Government of China is sued as a defendant, or over cases involving the property of the State or Government of China.

assistant: 同時，我國也不接受外國法院對以我國國家及政府爲被告、或針對我國國家及政府財產的案件享有管轄權。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 31. In July 1993 the owners of an adjoining building wrote to the Bank to say that some panels were displaced and there was a possibility of some falling which would jeopardize the safety of their maintenance staff.

assistant: 31. 1993年7月，毗連大廈的擁有人致函銀行，聲稱有些嵌板出現移位，有些可能跌下，從而危及該些擁有人轄下維修保養人員的安全。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (1)     Section 221 compels answers in relating to companies, abrogating the rule against self-incrimination.

assistant: (1) 第221條廢止“免使自己入罪”規則，強迫有關人士回答與公司有關的問題。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Chief Justice Li: 180.

assistant: 終審法院首席法官李國能： 180.
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: And the account contained in the undisclosed statements is different from the one given in all the disclosed statements.

assistant: 未經披露的證人陳述書所載的說法，與所有已經披露的證人陳述書所載的說法不同。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: and (3) the procedure to be adopted before the Court of Appeal when it contemplates making an order for loss of time, that is, whether an unsuccessful applicant should be given an opportunity to be heard before the order is made (the third point).

assistant: 及(3)上訴法庭在考慮作出損失時間令時所須採納的程序，即上訴法庭應否在作出該命令前給予不成功的申請人機會向法庭陳詞（論點三）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It has been suggested that it would threaten Chinese sovereignty, embarrass China and result in prejudice to China if the Court were to pronounce in favour of restrictive immunity in the courts of Hong Kong.

assistant: 有陳詞指，倘若本法院宣告贊同在香港法院享有的是限制性豁免，那便會威脅到中國的主權、令中國尷尬和導致中國蒙受損害。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Their argument that they were entitled as of right to legal representation at the hearing was rejected.

assistant: 囚犯稱他們享有當然權利在聆訊中獲得法律代表，但該指稱不獲接納。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The Wife ceased her textile business in 2000 to be a full-time housewife looking after the children.

assistant: 妻子於2000年結束其紡織生意，成爲全職家庭主婦，專心照顧兩名兒子。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 11.  On 7 November 2016, after the hearing of the proceedings in the Court of First Instance but before judgment was given, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (“NPCSC”) of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) exercised its power under Article 158(1) of the Basic Law\n[3] to interpret BL104 (the “Interpretation”).

assistant: 11.  該等法律程序在原訟法庭之聆訊結束後，頒佈判決前，中華人民共和國(“中國”)全國人民代表大會常務委員會(“人大常委會”)於2016年11月7日行使了《基本法》第一百五十八條第一款[3]所賦予的權力，對《基本法》第一百零四條作出瞭解釋(“該解釋”)。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 28. But where as in the present case, one is concerned with rights conferred by the Basic Law, which are not found in and are additional to those provided for by the ICCPR as applied to Hong Kong, art.39(2) does not imply that such rights may be freely qualified or limited simply by restrictions which are prescribed by law.

assistant: 28.  然而，本案所關涉的是由《基本法》賦予的權利，該等權利並不載於適用於香港的國際公約規定，而是在該等規定之外增添的權利。 在此情況下，第39(2)條並無暗示可單單藉依法規定的限制而任意約制或侷限該等權利。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (b) restore the adverse findings made by the Tribunal against the respondents;

assistant: (b) 恢復審裁處針對答辯人作出的不利裁決；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: On this point, his Lordship was influenced by the decision of the High Court of Australia in Grassby v. The Queen.

assistant: 在這一點上，Lowry勳爵受到澳洲高等法院在Grassby v. The Queen一案中的判決所影響。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Accordingly, the Court declared that the relevant provisions in the No. 3 Ordinance and the relevant paras in the Director's Notice as set out in its judgment (at 45J - 46G) were null and void.

assistant: 據此，本院宣佈在其判詞中列明的第3號條例的有關條文和處長的公告的有關段落（見該案彙編第45頁J至第46頁G）無效。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 50. Section 15 provides that "Any person who contravenes any of the provisions of this Ordinance shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine of $1,000".

assistant: 50. 第15條規定，“任何人違反本條例的條文，一經循簡易程序定罪，可處罰款1,000元”。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: However, Kensland contended that this was not the usual case.

assistant: 但Kensland辯稱本案不是通常的情況。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The foregoing is sufficient to dispose of these appeals in FG’s favour.

assistant: 本判詞以上所述的已足以判FG在本上訴案中勝訴。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As to the costs below, I would make an order, also on a nisi basis, that they should be dealt with in the following way:

assistant: 至於下級法庭的訟費，本席亦作出暫準命令，按下述方式處理：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 19. Article 31 confers on residents, permanent and non-permanent, a number of rights and freedoms.

assistant: 19. 第31條賦予永久性和非永久性居民多項權利和自由，當中第二句保證“旅行和出入境的自由”。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It must be property which a person knows or has reasonable grounds to believe ‘in whole or in part directly or indirectly represents any person's proceeds of an indictable offence’.

assistant: 該等財產必須爲有關人士知道或有合理理由相信‘全部或部分、直接或間接代表任何人從可公訴罪行的得益’的財產。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The continuing assumption, which was central to the cross-examination of the appellant, was that there was an inconsistency between memory loss and the non-existence of psychiatric problems.

assistant: 上訴人被盤問的核心，在於一個持續的假設，即喪失記憶與不存在精神問題之間互有牴觸。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (iii)  After a period of public consultation, Government accepted the recommendations of the task force and the infrastructure was set up to design an improved system.

assistant: (iii) 公衆諮詢期結束後，政府接納專責小組的建議併成立機構以設計更完善的制度。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: They  "shall be read as applying equally to the treatment of men, and for that purpose shall have effect with such modifications as are necessary."

assistant: 該等條文  “須理解爲同樣地適用於男性所受的待遇； 就此而言，該等條文經作出必要的變通後具有效力。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is therefore unnecessary to initiate separate proceedings for each and every legally aided person.

assistant: 因此，對於所有獲法律援助者而言，政府無須爲每一名人士展開獨立的訴訟程序。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It must be remembered, however, that in both civil law and common law systems, the use of this concept implies that courts are available and function correctly to monitor and resolve its tensions with a clear knowledge of the basic needs of the social organisation and a sense of its civilised values.”  The other conditions referred to in this passage relate to the requirement of legal certainty (with expressions such as “provided by law”, “prescribed by law”, “in conformity with law” and “in accordance with law” found in the ICCPR) and the requirement of “necessary in a democratic society”.

assistant: 然而，必須謹記，在民事法和普通法制度中，採用這項概念均意味着法庭會正確地行使其職能，以監察和解除所出現的緊張狀況，同時會清楚認識社會組織的基本需要和文明價值的觀念。 ” 上文所提到的其他條件，涉及法律確定性的規定（國際公約便用到“法律規定”、“依法規定”、“符合法律”和“按照法律”等字詞）及“爲民主社會所必要”的規定。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: A decision to leave rents unchanged does not involve a date when that decision “takes effect”.

assistant: 決定維持租金不變，並不涉及該決定「生效」的日期。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It applies only to crystallised rights. It does not involve the Ng Ka Ling and Chan Kam Nga judgments operating as precedents.

assistant: 該論據只適用於已具體確立的權利，並不涉及援引吳嘉玲及陳錦雅兩案的判決爲先例。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The position taken by both parties during submissions was that section 31(7), which deals with imputed or constructive knowledge, has no application to the taking of legal advice.

assistant: 與訟雙方在陳詞期間採取的立場是，處理認定或法律構定知悉的第31(7)條不適用於諮詢法律意見。