billchoa/3036384256-COMP7607-data huggingface dataset:
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Conclusions Looking ahead, I am sure that there are areas that we need to work hand in hand with the industry and business directors on how the level of corporate governance can be raised.

assistant: 結論 展望未來，我確信我們需要與業界及企業董事在多方面攜手合作，以探討如何提升企業管治水平。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Other markets beckon with an array of competitive initiatives.

assistant: 其他市場不斷推陳出新，極具競爭力。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This imposes higher demands on the fund manager’s risk management process and controls systems and a corresponding responsibility on the regulator’s part to make sure that such controls are in place and robust enough to do the job.

assistant: 如此一來，基金經理的風險管理程序及監控系統便須符合更高要求，而監管機構亦須負起相應責任，確保有關監控措施得以落實並且是強而有效的。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: iv) There is a tendency for unsophisticated investors to rely heavily on turnover when deciding whether to invest in a particular derivative warrant or not, rather than understanding its particular features and value.

assistant: iv) 認識不足的投資者傾向倚重成交額來決定是否投資於某隻衍生權證，而沒有探究衍生權證本身的特點和價值。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The development of RMB products in Hong Kong will continue to attract RMB liquidity to Hong Kong.

assistant: 香港市場開發更多不同的人民幣投資產品，將會持續吸引人民幣流動資金來港。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: However, when I was first approached to take on this appointment, remuneration was not my prime consideration.

assistant: 然而，最初當有人聯絡我洽談有關接受委任一事時，酬金並非我的首要考慮因素。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The reason for listings in Hong Kong is a conscious and deliberate policy to import Hong Kong standards to Mainland companies and transform their governance and performance in the process.

assistant: 在香港上市是一項有意識及刻意的政策，目的是要把香港的標準引入內地公司，並在過程中改變後者的管治和表現。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We are keen to facilitate this growth.

assistant: 我們致力促進這方面的增長。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 4. The revival of the industry is mainly attributed to active fund raising activities by Chinese enterprises, the introduction of REIT and the continual active trading in the derivative warrants market.

assistant: 4. 行業復甦主要由於內地企業的集資活動十分活躍、房地產基金的推出，以及衍生權證市場上持續活躍的交易活動所致。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: There are now 14 retail hedge funds authorized by the SFC with a total net asset value of over US$1.66 billion at the end of 2006.

assistant: 本港現時有14 項獲證監會認可的零售對沖基金，它們的總資產淨值於2006 年年底時達16.6 億美元以上。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The market is only as strong as the weakest link in the system.

assistant: 市場最弱的一環如出現問題，都足以影響全體的穩健性。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Each side will respect the rules of the other, and neither side should expect any preferential treatment.

assistant: 各方均要尊重對方的法律法規，誰也不能期望獲得更加優惠的對待。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 22. There were previous cases of issuers falsifying financial information in their prospectuses, channelling the funds raised from the public market to purposes other than for the benefit of the company, or providing substantial amounts of financial assistance to related parties on unfair terms.

assistant: 22. 在過去一些個案中，發行人在其招股章程內捏改財務資料、將從公開巿場籌集的資金轉而用於並非以公司利益爲出發點的用途之上，或按照不公平的條款向關連方提供大量財務資助。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Provided that the underlying index is sufficient broadly constituted and rules-based, and it satisfies our requirements for acceptable indices as set out in our Unit Trust Code, we believe that there is a basis for these products to be authorized and offered in Hong Kong.

assistant: 我們認爲，只要相關指數是由足夠廣泛的債券類別組成及以規則爲本，並且符合我們在《單位信託及互惠基金守則》內就可接納指數所訂的規定，這些產品便有依據獲得認可並在香港發售。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We also clarified in a circular that a Responsible Officer (RO) applicant’s technology experience may be counted toward “relevant industry experience”, provided that the RO has been a key person developing or ensuring the proper functioning of a technology platform which is central to the delivery of financial services.

assistant: 我們亦發出了一份通函，釐清假如申請成爲負責人員的人士是開發某個對提供金融服務而言屬核心部分的技術平臺的主要人員，或是確保該平臺能妥善運作的主要人員，其技術經驗便可能被視作“相關行業經驗”。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: But the process was long as the firm needed to extract the data from multiple systems, and it had to be consolidated, scrubbed, cleansed and validated for the regulator’s use.

assistant: 但是，這過程十分漫長，因爲公司需要從不同的系統擷取數據，然後進行整合、整理、清理及驗證，以供監管機構使用。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: They also need to adopt corporate governance practices and processes required by the Hong Kong Listing Rules, including the Code on Corporate Governance Practices.

assistant: 它們亦須採納香港《上市規則》所要求的公司管治常規及程序，包括《企業管治常規守則》。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The Fund Management Activities Survey also revealed that 68.4% of Hong Kong’s fund management business was sourced from non-Hong Kong investors, indicating large overseas investor participation in the Hong Kong market.

assistant: 基金管理活動調查亦顯示，香港的基金管理業有 68.4%的資金來自非香港投資者，可見香港市場已吸引大量海外投資者參與。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Responsibility for good corporate governance practice does not belong just to the regulators, but rather collectively to the directors, intermediaries and investors too.

assistant: 維持良好企業管治常規的責任並非只屬於監管機構，其實亦應由董事、中介人及投資者共同承擔。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The SFC will also keep forging ahead to strengthen Hong Kong’s position as a fund-raising centre for Mainland enterprises.

assistant: 證監會亦繼續以鞏固香港作爲內地企業的集資中心的地位爲目標，邁步向前。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The SFC is fully committed to the further development of REITs in Hong Kong and to ensure that our regulatory platform is conducive to Hong Kong’s evolution to become Asia’s hub for REITs.

assistant: 證監會致力促進房地產基金在香港的進一步發展，並確保我們的監管平臺有利於香港晉身爲亞洲的房地產基金樞紐。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Then I would like to share with you my thoughts on Hong Kong’s role in helping the Mainland advance along the roadmap and, within that context, examine how the policy initiatives announced during Vice Premier Li’s visit could be successfully harnessed.

assistant: 最後，我希望和大家分享我對香港在協助內地實施其發展藍圖方面所擔當的角色的看法，並在該前提下，研究我們應如何把握李克強副總理在訪港期間所宣佈的政策措施。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 12. You might be wondering how such high rating is possible given that the underlying assets are sub-prime loans.

assistant: 12. 你可能會問，既然相關資產爲次級貸款，爲何會有這樣高的評級？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: When international investors look for a base for their Mainland-focused operations, naturally, they choose Hong Kong.

assistant: 當國際投資者尋求發展內地業務的基地時，他們便很自然地選擇了香港。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Chairman Schapiro noted in her testimony that institutional investors use ETFs to acquire or eliminate certain market exposures, and indicated that the SEC was focusing on whether this strategy may have led to substantial selling pressure on ETFs during the steep market decline.

assistant: 夏佩羅主席作證時表示，機構投資者透過 ETF 在市場上取得一些投資機會或消除了一些投資風險，而證交會正著眼研究這種策略會否在市場急跌時，對 ETF 造成巨大沽售壓力。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: However, these rules are only contractual in nature.

assistant: 但是，這些規則只屬契約性質。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We believe that there are three types of information so fundamental to shareholders interests that they should be subject of statutory rules with strong statutory enforcement powers:

assistant: 我們相信有三類資料對股東權益來說極爲重要，應就這些資料訂立附有充分法定執法權力的法定規則：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Although SFC-authorised funds have generally held up well so far, many of you tell me that in the last five months it has been difficult selling even our authorised funds.

assistant: 雖然獲證監會認可的基金一般來說仍然運作如常，但在座不少人士告訴我，市場不少基金在過去五個月都滯銷，獲證監會認可的基金亦不例外。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Proposed Estimates for 2006/07 Estimated Revenue

assistant: 2006/07 年度的建議預算 預算收入
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We will continue to educate investors through different channels via the media, workshops, publications and our comprehensive online investor education portal - “InvestEd”.

assistant: 我們將會繼續透過傳媒、工作坊、刊物及我們名爲“學 投資”的投資者教育入門網站等不同渠道教育投資者。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Furthermore, under the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) between Hong Kong and the Mainland, Mainland financial institutions can set up their operations in Hong Kong, giving them first-hand experience in a global financial market setting, the opportunity to operate under strict market discipline and to learn from the best international financial practices, and to co-operate and compete with world class talents.

assistant: 另外，透過香港與內地簽署的“更緊密經貿關係安排”（CEPA），內地的金融機構也可以來港設立業務，得到第一手機會體驗到國際金融市場的環境，在嚴格的市場紀律下運作，學習國際最佳的金融技巧，與國際英才合作及競爭。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Regulatory balance – the international experience

assistant: 監管平衡—借鏡國際經驗
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is these opportunities that have galvanised the industry into taking positive action to innovate and improve in terms of products, processes and infrastructure.

assistant: 正是這些機遇激發了業界採取積極行動，致力創新和改進各項產品、流程和基礎建設。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 19. In view of the significant growth in the trading activities, the Commission released a report entitled “A Healthy Market for Informed Investors – A Report on the Derivative Warrants Market in Hong Kong" on 25 November.

assistant: 19. 鑑於衍生權證交易活動的顯著增長，證監會在 2005 年 11 月 25 日發表了一份報告，題爲《完善市場精明投資―香港的衍生權證市場報告》。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The implementation of CEPA I enables intermediaries benefiting from CEPA II and III to make more flexible arrangements in the deployment of professionals, so they may dispatch appropriate professionals to joint venture companies or subsidiaries across the border to perform their duties.

assistant: CEPA 第一階段的落實，讓受惠於 CEPA 第二及三階段的中介機構，在他們調配專業人員面可以作出更靈活的安排，協助他們把適合的專業人員調派到跨境的合資公司或子公司執行職務。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: the appointment of an administrator to prevent the dissipation of client assets by a failing broker; and the disqualification of a director of a listed corporation such as where there has been defalcation, fraud, misfeasance or other misconduct.

assistant: 委任管理人，防止客戶資產被違責經紀行耗用，以及在發生虧空公款、欺詐、不當行爲或其他失當行爲時取消上市法團董事的資格。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: With this in mind, we are committed to continue our effort to broaden the scope and depth of our investor education programmes in the coming year.

assistant: 有見及此，我們在未來一年將會繼續致力擴大投資者教育活動的範圍及加強活動的深度。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As you conduct your market research and plan your next move, it may be useful to remember that while investors may have lost interest for now, over the longer term they do need to invest.

assistant: 當各位進行市場研究及部署下一步行動時，或許可以提醒自己，儘管投資者暫時失去投資興趣，但長遠來說，他們都有投資的需要。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We are committed to facilitating the development of REITs with Asian real estate exposure.

assistant: 我們致力推動內含亞洲房地產投資的房地產基金的發展。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: There were many restrictions regarding holding and use of the currency. Many of these restrictions were removed in July this year.

assistant: 對於持有及使用人民幣，以往需要面對種種限制，而當中多項限制已於今年七月撤銷。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As of the end of 2005, there were seven warrants listed (four on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and three on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange).

assistant: 截至 2005 年年底，內地有七隻權證上市（四隻在上海證券交易所，三隻在深圳證券交易所）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Regulation & Market Development 19 April 2007 Speech by Alexa Lam Executive Director Intermediaries & Investment Products Ladies and gentlemen I would like to thank ICBI for inviting me to speak to you today.

assistant: 監管與市場發展 2007 年 4 月 19 日 講者中介團體及投資產品部執行董事 張灼華 各位先生、女士： 首先感謝國際商業信息中心(ICBI)邀請我今日向大家發言。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: A licensed corporation must appoint at least one senior manager to be in charge of each core function, and submit information about its senior managers and organisational charts to the SFC.

assistant: 持牌公司須就每項核心職能，委任最少一名高管人員負責有關管理工作，並向證監會呈交高管人員的資料和公司的組織架構圖。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: International investors are keen to invest in Mainland companies with high growth potential and good corporate governance.

assistant: 再者，國際投資者都熱衷於投資在增長潛力高及企業管治良好的內地公司。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Ongoing investor education plays an important role in helping investors know their rights, responsibilities and risks when seeking advice from investment advisors.

assistant: 持續的投資者教育發揮重大作用，協助投資者認清自己在尋求投資顧問的意見時有何權利、責任及風險。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Briefly, the article reported that some large fund groups are taking advantage of the expanded powers under the new UCITS rules to apply aggressive hedge fund strategies and esoteric instruments that are not traditionally found in UCITS funds.

assistant: 扼要而言，文章報道若幹大型基金集團運用新 UCITS 規則所賦予的擴大權力，以進取的對沖基金策略管理基金，並運用特殊的投資工具，突破 UCITS 基金的一貫傳統。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In the 1990s, as the Mainland reformed its capital market, Hong Kong became the channel for fund raising by SOEs and the inflow of international capital.

assistant: 在九十年代，隨著內地實施資本市場改革，香港成爲國企集資和引進國際資金的渠 道。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: What are the risks looming in the horizon?

assistant: 市場有哪些風險迫近眉睫？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (v) an increase in provision ($3.2 million) for awarding variable pay;

assistant: (v) 就浮動薪酬增加撥備(320 萬元)；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We noted a case during our inspections in which a client disclosed in writing that he earned around HK$10,000 per month and had personal net worth of less than HK$100,000.

assistant: 我們在視察時注意到一宗個案，當中客戶以書面方式披露其月入約爲 10,000 港元，而其個人資產淨值則少於 100,000 港元。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Financial market integration Apart from these external factors, it is also noteworthy that the financial well-being of Hong Kong is closely tied to that of the Mainland as a result of the remarkable development of the financial markets in both places over the last decade.

assistant: 金融市場融合除了上述外圍因素值得注意，過去十年，內地與香港金融市場有矚目的變化，令香港與內地金融安全，息息相關。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The first H-share listing of Tsingtao Brewery in 1993 marked the beginning of a new era for the development of our capital market.

assistant: 1993 年，首隻 H 股青島啤酒上市，標誌著本地資本市場發展的新時代誕生了。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: No one has a crystal ball big enough that can tell you with absolute certainty what will happen a decade or two down the road.

assistant: 世上無人擁有預知能力，可準確預測十多廿年後會發生甚麼事。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Hong Kong is proud to have a role in this historic chapter of the country’s development.

assistant: 香港很榮幸能夠爲國家發展進程這個歷史時刻作出貢獻。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Our recent inspections uncovered a worrying trend of intermediaries concocting convoluted arrangements to either conceal the identities of the beneficial owners of securities or cloak their true intentions, such as to engage in margin lending.

assistant: 我們在近日的視察中發現，藉著錯綜複雜的安排以隱瞞證券的實益擁有人身分或隱藏其真正意圖（例如從事保證金借貸）的中介人數目有上升趨勢，情況令人憂慮。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As of December 2006, the SFC has authorized nearly 2,000 unit trusts and mutual funds for offering to the public.

assistant: 於2006年12月，證監會已認可了接近2,000項可向公衆發售的單位信託及互惠基金。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: And, once again, let me congratulate the award winners for their achievements last year.

assistant: 再次恭賀各得獎者過去一年努力不懈，取得卓越成就。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The A50’s daily turnover in September accounted for 75% of the average daily turnover for all ETFs in Hong Kong.

assistant: A50 基金在 9 月的每日成交額佔香港全部 ETF 每日平均成交額的 75%。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In addition to putting in place procedures and systems for corporate governance, directors have a more challenging task, that is to ensure that the corporate governance is effectively put in place and that staff at all levels, from the top to the bottom of the company, understand the need for good corporate governance and are involved in the process.

assistant: 除了實施促進企業管治的程序及制度外，董事有一項更具挑戰性的工作，就是要確保企業管治的有效實施，及公司上下全體職員都明白到良好企業管治的重要性並參與有關過程。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Many factors have helped to establish Hong Kong’s status as an IFC of global significance.

assistant: 多種因素有助奠定香港作爲世界級國際金融中心的地位，它們包括：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The point I wish to make here is that a loss of confidence in one type of investment product, say the controversial Lehman minibonds, is capable of tarring all investments products with the same brush.

assistant: 我希望指出，若投資者對某類投資產品（例如具爭議的雷曼迷你債券）失去信心，他們對所有其他投資產品的信心也會同時受損。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: There are now 14 retail hedge funds authorised by the SFC with a total net asset value of about USD1.7 billion as at March 2007.

assistant: 現時有 14 項獲證監會認可的零售對沖基金，這些基金於 2007 年 3 月底時的資產淨值總額約達 17 億美元。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In fact, in October this year, we authorized a second RMB-denominated fund, sharing features similar to that I have just talked about.

assistant: 而在今年 10 月，我們也已認可了第二隻人民幣計價基金，其特點與我剛纔所述的類似。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We recognize the importance of effective regulation to the success of the financial markets and our role in supporting Hong Kong’s continued development as an international financial centre.

assistant: 我們知道有效的監管對金融市場的成功起著關鍵作用，並且亦瞭解到我們在支持香港作爲國際金融中心的持續發展方面所扮演的角色的重要性。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese:  a reliable legal system;

assistant: 可靠的法律制度；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Later that year, the Mainland Government announced a pilot program for RMB cross-border trade settlement in five cities.

assistant: 其後，內地政府公佈一項試點計劃，在五個城市開展跨境貿易人民幣結算業務。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: With statutory backing, we hope to bring our regulatory regime into line with international standards and practices.

assistant: 我們希望藉著賦予有關要求法定地位，令我們的監管制度與國際標準與慣例看齊。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 24. The share of derivative warrants in total market turnover is only one of the indicators which may show the potential impact of the derivative warrants market on the cash market.

assistant: 24. 衍生權證佔市場總成交額的份額，僅屬顯示衍生權證市場對現貨市場的潛在影響的其中一個指標。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: At a time when the Mainland still maintains capital account restrictions, and when the RMB is not fully convertible, we must first start with a mutual recognition program.

assistant: 在內地仍然實施資本項目管制，以及人民幣不能全面自由兌換的情況下，我們必須先以基金互認計劃作爲開端。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In such environment, investors were optimistic and perceived that risk had diminished.

assistant: 在這個環境下，投資者均持樂觀態度，認爲風險已經減少。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Investors also get to know more about their company in order to appraise their investments in the company.

assistant: 此外，投資者亦能加深對有關公司的瞭解，以便評覈其在該公司的投資。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In other cases, securities tokens were removed from the shelf of trading platforms.

assistant: 在其他的個案中，證券代幣在交易平臺被下架。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We are committed to give all appropriate assistance to the CSRC in this area.

assistant: 在這方面，我們致力向中國證監會提供一切適當的協助。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 14. We revised the REITs Code allowing investments in overseas properties and to raise the gearing ratio of a REIT to 45% of its gross asset value.

assistant: 14. 我們已修訂《房地產投資信託基金守則》，允許房地產基金投資於海外物業，並將房地產基金的槓桿比率提高至其資產總值的 45%。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It would be a good long term investment tool.

assistant: 房地產基金將會是一種不錯的長期投資工具。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Good corporate governance is both a concept and a practice that must be worked on by people in a company at all levels, it is the people inside a company that makes a vital difference between good and bad corporate governance.

assistant: 良好的企業管治是一種必須由公司上下全體職員努力經營的概念及常規，導致企業管治出現好與壞的重大差別的是公司內的人。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: But at the end of the day, our supervisory objective cannot be achieved without a culture of cooperation and compliance on the part of market participants.

assistant: 但總而言之，如果市場參與者沒有建立良好的合作和合規文化，始終不可能達致我們的監察目標。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The SFC may impose reprimands, suspend or revoke licences or registrations, levy fines and exclude persons from the industry for misconduct including breaches of the SFO or the provisions of the Codes and Guidelines that the SFC has promulgated.

assistant: 證監會可對犯有失當行爲，包括違反該條例或證監會頒佈的守則和指引的人作出譴責、暫時吊銷或撤銷其牌照或註冊、施加罰款及禁止其踏足業界。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Once implemented, this program will give fund managers greater incentive to set up in Hong Kong, thus adding to what Hong Kong has to offer.

assistant: 這項措施若付諸實行，將會鼓勵基金經理在本港設立基金，從而爲香港的固有優勢錦上添花。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In 2009 we commenced a review on ways to enhance transparency of short selling information to give regulators a fuller picture of short selling activities.

assistant: 2009 年，我們開始檢討如何加強賣空資料的透明度，令監管者能對賣空活動掌握更全面的資訊。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The report was an attempt to rank the leading International Finance Centres – but also to establish some criteria – how do you judge them?

assistant: 該報告嘗試將主要國際金融中心按名次排列，同時亦設定如何評定這些金融中心的若干準則。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This gives rise to heightened concern over the interdependence between securities markets. The global stock markets today operate like a web of network where any of the individual markets has the potential to affect the others.

assistant: 這項發展令人們更加關注到證券市場之間脣齒相依的關係。 當今全球證券市場的運作就像一個錯綜複雜的網絡，任何個別市場都有可能會對其他市場構成影響。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 13. The Mainland’s economic transformation over the last two decades has provided many opportunities for partnership and co-operation between the two places, particularly in financial services.

assistant: 13. 內地在過去 20 年的經濟改革，爲中港兩地尤其是金融服務方面，造就了大量夥拍及合作的機會。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In my view, effective enforcement action in respect of these failings and contraventions depends to a great extent upon having:

assistant: 本人認爲，就上述缺失及違規行爲採取有效的執法行動，在很大程度上取決於是否具備：