billchoa/3036384256-COMP7607-data huggingface dataset:
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In Weerasinge v. Minister of Employment and Immigration \n[1994] 1 FC 330, the Federal Court of Appeal of Canada appears to have considered it permissible for independent and impartial members of the staff of a lay tribunal to check its decisions as to legal matters before publication.

assistant: 在Weerasinge v Minister of Employment and Immigration \n[1994] 1 FC 330案中，加拿大聯邦上訴法院似乎認爲可容許一個非法律專業審裁組在公佈其裁決前由其獨立無私之職員檢核其裁決。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The suspect's right of silence involves a right to choose whether to speak or to remain silent.

assistant: 疑犯享有緘默權，包括有權選擇是否發言或保持沉默。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: An opportunity to be heard is only a means of attaining that objective.

assistant: 表達意見的機會是達致這個目的的唯一方法。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Importantly, the Ordinances have not brought about a situation in which performance of the contracts has become impossible.

assistant: 重點是，該等條例並沒有造成使履行合約變得不可能的情況。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: They both concern the mens rea requirements of section 25(1) in which the relevant words are italicised as follows:

assistant: 兩者皆涉及第25(1)條下關乎犯罪精神狀態的以下規定，有關字詞以斜體表示：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: China Railway is a limited company incorporated in the PRC and listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

assistant: 中國中鐵是一家於中華人民共和國註冊成立的股份有限公司，並在香港聯合交易所上市。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: I confess that my first, instinctive reaction was that the defence of fair comment should not be capable of being used to protect a comment made with the intent of injuring another out of spite, even if the person who made the comment genuinely believed in the truth of what he said.

assistant: 本席承認，本人的第一個本能反應是： 即使作出有關評論的人真正相信其所言屬實，“公允評論”抗辯亦不應能用作保護一項出於怨恨且意圖損害他人的評論。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The proceedings being primarily by way of written submissions (DP 2.5), their lawyers can and may be expected to draft the same.

assistant: 由於程序主要以書面陳詞的方式進行（《紀律程序》第2.5條），有關人士的代表律師便可以並預期會替他們草擬陳詞。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The applicable date 72.

assistant: 適用日期 72.
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: But just because they are not in as strong a position as the category (iv) or even the category (iii) representees, it does not mean that the category (i) or (ii) representees are acting frivolously in seeking an open-minded even though belated consideration by the Director of their legitimate expectation claims.

assistant: 至於屬第(i)和第(ii)類別的受陳述者的申請，他們的條件沒有第(iii)和第(iv)類別的那樣強，他們尋求入境事務處處長，就他們所提出來遲了的合理期望的聲請，給與開明的考慮。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In Withers, the defendants conducted an investigation agency in the course of which they made reports to clients about the status and standing of third parties.

assistant: 該案各名被告人經營一所調查機構，過程中，他們向客戶們彙報第三方的身分地位。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Its policy is informed by the philosophy which formerly underlay the ownership of land in Hong Kong.

assistant: 政府的政策體現了昔日香港土地擁有制度的根本原理。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: But if it is put in issue, the burden of proof remains with the prosecution.

assistant: 不過，該爭議點被提出後，控方仍須承擔舉證責任，而被告人則只須就其罪責帶出合理疑點。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: \n[11] D.2    Legal principles governing interference with such findings 18.  In substituting its own net asset figure, the Court of Appeal had to reverse the Judge on findings of credibility and primary fact.

assistant: \n[11] D.2  對干預此等裁斷予以規限的法律原則 18.  上訴法庭既另定淨資產數字替代，就必須推翻原審法官就可信性和基本事實所作的裁斷。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 7. As regards the 59 development sites in this case, the assessments required the Commissioner to apply the "hypothetical tenant from year to year" formula at "the relevant date" when those sites were in fact at different stages of development.

assistant: 7.  就本案所涉的59幅發展用地而論，有關評估要求估價署長在「有關日期」運用「假設按年租客」公式，而事實上該批用地在當日正處於不同的發展階段。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: But the Introduction to Books IV and V of the Civil Code by the Hon Foo Ping-Sheung, the Chairman of the Civil Codification Commission, published in Shanghai in 1931, contained the following passage in regard to concubinage:

assistant: 但當時民法起草委員會召集人傅秉常曾爲《民法第四及五編》（於1931年在上海出版）撰寫緒言，當中載有以下一段關於納妾的陳述：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Under the defendant’s sample policy, which was effected in 1979 and matured in 1998, the society agreed to pay, on maturity, the annuity increased by related bonuses, if any, or alternatively he could take an annuity at the society’s current rate or from another provider.

assistant: 被告人的樣本保單自1979年起生效，並於1998到期，內容訂明該社同意於保單到期時支付有關年金加上相關紅利（如有的話），又或投保人可選擇按照該社現行利率或從另一提供者收取年金。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: And I had reason to believe that obstruction would be caused to the people who went in and out of the office.

assistant: 我有理由相信該情況會對進出辦公室的人士造成阻礙。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: “As Sir Anthony Mason NPJ points out, the degree of certainty required will depend on the context of the law in question.

assistant: “正如非常任法官梅師賢爵士指出，所需的確定程度將取決於有關法律的文意。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Falling into this latter category is, for example, the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice in Difference Relating to Immunity from Legal Process of a Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights 1999 ICJ Rep 62.

assistant: 屬於後者類別的，當中的一個例子是國際法院(International Court of Justice)在《關於人權事務委員會一名特別報告起草人豁免於法律程序的分別》(Difference Relating to Immunity from Legal Process of a Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights) 1999 ICJ Rep 62中的顧問意見。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Mr Kosmin says that these views, if correct, would mean that the product of non-adversarial proceedings that are inquisitorial can never be the subject of legal professional privilege even if the intended use of such protect is dominantly connected with adversarial litigation in real prospect .

assistant: Kosmin先生認爲，這些說法若然正確，便會意味著任何源自帶偵訊性質的非對訟式法律程序的“產品”（資料或文件）即使打算主要用於確有可能展開的訴訟，也永遠不能得享法律專業保密權。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The driver of the lorry was subsequently convicted of the offence of attempting to export unmanifested cargo contrary to s.18(1)(b) of the IEO and s.159G of the Crimes Ordinance, Cap. 200, and sentenced to one year’s imprisonment.

assistant: 貨車司機後來被裁定干犯企圖輸出未列艙單貨物的罪行，違反該條例第18(1)(b)條和《刑事罪行條例》（香港法例第200章）第159G條，並被判入獄一年。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: For these reasons I do not accept the appellant's principal submission that the offence as defined in R v. Dytham is insufficiently precise to constitute "law" within the meaning of art. 11(1) of the Bill or to satisfy the requirements "prescribed by law" in art. 39 of the Basic Law and "established by law" in art. 5(1) of the Bill.

assistant: 基於上述理由，本席不接納上訴人的主要陳詞，其內容指該項罪行按R v. Dytham案的定義不夠精確，既不構成《人權法案》第11(1)條所指的「法」，亦不符合《基本法》第39條中「依法規定」和《人權法案》第5(1)條中「法定」的規定。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: see Sybille Bedford, The Best We Can Do (Collins, 1958), at p.249.

assistant: 見Sybille Bedford著The Best We Can Do（Collins, 1958年）第249頁。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: After reviewing the earlier cases including the leading United States cases each of their Lordships held that absolute immunity did not apply where a state was involved in commercial transactions and approved the restrictive theory.

assistant: 上議院的各位大法官在覆閱較早期的案例（包括主要的美國案例）後裁定，如果一個國家涉及商業交易，則絕對豁免便不適用。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: What the Director had in February 1999, underpinning his exercise of power under s.19(1)(b)(ii), was an incomplete statutory scheme.

assistant: 於1999年2月之時，支持處長行使第19(1)(b)(ii)條下的權力的，是一個不完整的法定機制。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (5) He cannot come to Hong Kong to make his application. It must be made to the Mainland Exit-Entry Administration in the district in the Mainland where he is residing.

assistant: （5） 他不可來香港提出申請，而必須向其所居地的“內地出入境管理處”提出。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: However, he did not proceed to any analysis of the facts relied on in support of that conclusion.

assistant: 不過，他沒有繼續就該項結論所依據的事實作出分析。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The Hong Kong Administration had taken the view that given the state of opinion in the British Parliament, the right to petition the Queen would secure a reprieve: see Athena Liu, The Right to Life, in Human Rights in Hong Kong (ed Wacks 1992) pp 264 at 270 ff.

assistant: 香港行政當局的看法是，基於英國國會的立場，死囚如行使向英女皇請願的權利，定會獲得暫緩執行死刑︰見廖雅慈博士著The Right of Life，載於Human Rights in Hong Kong （Wacks 主編，1992年）第264頁，參閱當中第270頁及之後數頁。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: “Injured feelings of the plaintiff is only one aspect in considering aggravated damages.

assistant: “在考慮加重損害賠償時，原告人的感情受傷只是其中一方面的考慮。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Further, the protection of wide-ranging human rights and fundamental freedoms has generated new and not infrequent problems arising from the invalidity of statutes, leaving a “gap” in the law, with novel and serious problems for the community (See K Roach, “Constitutional Remedies in Canada”, para.14.1480 (2003), with its reference to “a constructive dialogue” between courts and legislatures, which has been a feature of the developing Canadian jurisprudence on this topic).

assistant: 此外，由於多方面的人權和基本自由受到保護，因此不時產生新問題，這是源於法規被裁定無效，令相關法律出現“缺口”，造成前所未見的嚴重社區問題（參閱K Roach著Constitutional Remedies in Canada（2003年）第14.1480段，當中提到法庭與立法機構之間的“建設性對話”，這是正在發展中的加拿大法理學在該範疇內的一個專題）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The two questions raised by the jury were as follows:

assistant: 陪審團提出的兩個問題是：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 39.  The restriction on the right to travel is contained in s.30A(10)(b)(i) which provides for both notification and the sanction in the event of non-notification.

assistant: 39.  該項對旅行權利的限制載於第30A(10)(b)(i)條，其就給予通知及制裁不給予通知的破產人作出規定。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: By agreement of the parties, 4 cases (involving 5 applicants) were chosen. They became the Cheung Lai Wah cases (subsequently called the Ng Ka Ling cases in the Court of Final Appeal).

assistant: 結果，這些當事人達成協議，選出4宗（共涉及5名申請人的）案件，這就是Cheung Lai Wah（張麗華）案（亦即其後終審法院所稱的吳嘉玲案）的由來。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: But Mr Ma for the Director concedes, properly in my view, that the provision in art. 158 that "judgments previously rendered shall not be affected" applies to an interpretation made by the Standing Committee without a reference by the Court just as much as it does to an interpretation made by the Standing Committee upon a reference by the Court.

assistant: 不過，代表入境事務處處長的馬先生同意（本席認爲他的做法恰當），第一百五十八條規定“在此以前作出的判決不受影響”的條文，同樣適用於人大常委會並非在本院提交釋法請求的情況下所作出的解釋，猶如人大常委會在本院提交釋法請求的情況下所作出的解釋一樣。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 13.  We turn now to the second line of argument put forward on the appellant's behalf, which would arise if the first line of argument put forward on his behalf were to fail.

assistant: 13.  我等現在轉看代表上訴人提出的次項辯據。 假如代表上訴人提出的首項辯據不成立，次項辯據便會出現。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It may bring about the winding up of the company, and be used itself as material for the winding up:

assistant: 報告可引致有關公司清盤，亦可被用作支持公司清盤的材料：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We shall refer to them as "travel document" and "certificate of entitlement" and such references should be taken as references to valid documents.

assistant: 以下將簡稱該等文件爲“旅行證件”及“居留權證明書”。 而提述該等文件時應視爲提述有效文件。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The Court declined to treat the transaction as falling within section 25(1) since to do so would have involved treating payments as constituting the offence without having to be payments which the defendant knows or has reasonable grounds to believe are tainted proceeds.

assistant: 本院拒絕將該項交易視爲受第25(1)條涵蓋，因爲否則便會涉及將無須屬於被告人知道或有合理理由相信是有問題得益的付款視爲構成該罪行。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is reasonable to regard these letters as being intended for the Immigration Department.

assistant: 把這些信件視爲打算寫給入境事務處的信件是合理的。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In other cases, the question is more complex.

assistant: 至於其他情況，問題則較爲複雜。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: If the principle of ‘restrictive immunity’, which is not consistent with the principled position of the state on absolute immunity, were to be adopted in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the states concerned may possibly adopt reciprocal measures to China and its property (which are not limited to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and its property), thus threatening the interests and security of the property of China abroad, as well as hampering the normal intercourse and co-operation in such areas as economy and trade between China and the states concerned.

assistant: 如果香港特別行政區採用與國家的絕對豁 免原則立場不一致的“限制豁免”原則，有關國家將有可能對我國國家及財產（不僅限於香港特別行政區及其財產）採取對等做法，使我國在國外的利益和財產安全受到威脅，妨礙我國與有關國家之間的正常交往和在經貿等領域的合作。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 12.  Tiger points out that these two procedures, criminal and civil, are mutually exclusive.

assistant: 12.  Tiger指出該兩項法律程序（刑事和民事）只能二擇其一。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Counsel submits that it was the cumulative effect of these matters that gave rise to the legitimate expectation.

assistant: 大律師陳詞謂，就是因爲上述事項的累積影響纔會令到各申請人產生該合理期望的。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: On this question I understand the argument to be put in two ways.  First it is contended that having regard to the Grant as a whole and to the matrix in which it was conceived Special Condition (“SC”) (9)(e) must be construed as no more than a “policing” power, to be used to monitor the other conditions of the Grant, in particular these mentioned in SC 5(a)(i).

assistant: 第一方面是辯稱，在顧及整項批地及促使完成該交易的事實背景下，特別條件第(9)(e)項必須解釋爲不外是一種“監督”權力，即用於監察其他批地條件，尤其是特別條件第5(a)(i)項所訂明的條件。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: After all if a tribunal exercises a discretion to suspend, it would be the tribunal and not the appeal that suspends ¾ in other words, does the suspending.

assistant: 畢竟，若然審裁機構行使酌情權暫緩執行有關事項，就會是該審裁機構而不是該上訴令致暫緩執行 ¾ 也就是說作出暫緩執行。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 34.  An examination of the plaintiffs’ criticisms of the Court of Appeal’s treatment of general damages should begin by considering the objectives of such awards and what the exercise of assessment involves.

assistant: 34.  在審議原告人針對上訴法庭處理一般損害賠償的方式所作出的批評時，首先應考慮這種賠償的目的及評估工作涉及甚麼。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 30. It was not until about June 1993 that the Bank became aware of the possibility of serious defects in the cladding.

assistant: 30. 直到大約1993年6月，銀行才察覺有關覆面可能有嚴重缺陷。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Those three additional subsections, namely (1A), (1B) and (1C), are concerned with s.7P.

assistant: 這三項新增條文，即第(1A)、(1B)及(1C)款，均關乎第7P條。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 17.  The effect of Cap. 580 was to further reduce the pay of those public officers whose pay had already been reduced pursuant to Cap. 574.

assistant: 17. 第580章條例的效力，是對已根據第574條例章被減薪的公職人員進一步減薪。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 18.  In these applications, Leung and Yau rely on the non-intervention principle to challenge the proceedings against them and to contend that, the President of Legco having decided that they should be allowed to re-take their oaths, it was not for the courts to interfere with that decision.

assistant: 18.  在本案的各項申請中，梁遊二人以不干預原則爲依據，就針對他們的法律程序作出抗辯，並辯稱既然立法會主席已經決定應容許他們再次宣誓，法庭不可干預該決定。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Since it was not raised at the hearing, I mention it only after having concluded, without taking it into account, that the Westinghouse case does not assist the appellants.

assistant: 本席是在未有考慮該點而得出結論認爲Westinghouse案對上訴人沒有幫助，所以留待現在才提及該點。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The present action, having been commenced more than six years after 2 September 1997, is therefore barred by s.4 of the Ordinance unless the case falls within s.31 of that Ordinance.

assistant: 本宗訴訟在1997年9月2日起計超過六年後纔開展，因此，該訴訟除非屬於《時效條例》第31條的範圍，否則須因該條例第4條而逾時失效。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The terms of the order pronounced by Mr Justice Bokhary PJ will not endow acts or transactions undertaken in the period of postponement with any greater validity than they would have if the declaration of invalidity were made now.

assistant: 根據本院常任法官包致金所頒佈的命令的內容，於該項關於無效的宣告延遲執行期間所進行的行動或事務的法律效力，不會大於該等行動或事務在法庭於此時作出該項宣告的情況下的法律效力。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: But that is not the end of the matter.

assistant: 然而，事情並未就此完結。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Nature of policy decision 189.

assistant: 該政策決定的性質 189.
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It may do so simply by including such grounds in its printed case.”   The Court of Appeal, on the basis that the estate had succeeded in showing that the Lands Tribunal had erred in re-opening the agreed reserve price, made an order nisi  leaving each party to bear its own costs.

assistant: ”上訴法庭裁定遺產管理人已成功證明土地審裁處重新訂定經同意的底價的做法錯誤，並在此基礎上作出一項暫準命令，即與訟雙方須各自承擔本身的訟費。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It was never intended to, and nor does it, define the jurisdiction of the Hong Kong courts which is beyond its scope.

assistant: 該條款的目的從來不是也並沒有界定香港法院的管轄權，此乃超出其範圍。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: But if it is established, whether with ease or after some difficulty, treating it as ineffective would be a denial of justice.

assistant: 然而，不管難易，如獲確立，卻把它當作無效，則不公平矣。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The first of FGH’s arguments is that it should be for the HKSAR courts and not the executive to define the scope of and exceptions to state immunity by reference to legal precedent and especially by reference to the trio of cases mentioned above.

assistant: FGH的第一項論點是： 國家豁免的範圍和例外情況，應由香港特區的法院在參考法律先例 (尤其是上述三宗案例) 後予以界定，而不是由行政部門來界定。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Lord Nicholls said that the time had come to recognise that in this context the epithet "fair" is now meaningless and misleading.

assistant: 李啓新勳爵指出，在此範疇內，現須承認“公允”一詞現已毫無意義及帶誤導成分。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 14.  Section 501(11)(c) of the Indenture has an important bearing on this argument.

assistant: 14.  涉案契約第501(11)(c)條對此論據有重要影響。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Section 9(1) provides that the new Crown rent shall be an amount equal to 3% of the rateable value of the lease (s.9(1)) which is, for the purpose of Crown rent, the rateable value set out in the list declared under s.13 of the Rating Ordinance (s.9(2)).

assistant: 第9(1)條規定，新地稅的款額須爲相等於該租契的應課差餉租值的百分之三（第9(1)條），而就徵收地稅而言，該應課差餉租值爲根據《差餉條例》第13條聲明的表冊上所列者（第9(2)條）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Upon entry, the officers saw the appellant sitting on a long sofa in the living room.

assistant: 關員入屋後，看見上訴人坐在客廳的長梳化上。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As we have seen,\n[143] when dealing with the second limb of the mens rea requirements imposed by the words “having reasonable grounds to believe” in section 25(1), the Court in Pang Hung Fai commended the test articulated in Seng Yuet Fong v HKSAR\n[144] in the following terms:

assistant: 正如上文提及[143]，在彭洪輝一案本院在處理第25(1)條內“有合理理由相信”一詞所施加的犯罪精神狀態規定的第二方面之時，讚揚Seng Yuet Fong v HKSAR一案\n[144] 中以如下方式表述的驗證標準：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Article 18 The laws in force in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be this Law, the laws previously in force in Hong Kong as provided for in Article 8 of this Law, and the laws enacted by the legislature of the Region.

assistant: 第十八條 在香港特別行政區實行的法律爲本法以及本法第八條規定的香港原有法律和香港特別行政區立法機關制定的法律。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Nor is it correct to describe them as persons entering for the purpose of settlement.

assistant: 將他們形容是爲了定居而進入特區的人也是不正確的。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Paragraph 4 of that resolution read:

assistant: 決議第四段爲：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Inthat case, it was held that an unexplained delay of almost two years by the Northern Territory Court of Appeal in giving judgment on a contempt of court matter violated the party’s right to be tried without delay in Art 14.3(c) of the ICCPR.

assistant: 在該案中，北區上訴法院在處理一宗藐視法庭的案件時，在沒有作出解釋下延遲了接近兩年才作出判決，而人權委員會裁定該種延誤情況侵犯了訴訟人根據《公民權利和政治權利國際公約》第14.3(c)條所享有的在無延遲的情況下接受審訊的權利。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It must, however, be shown that the assumption was communicated between the parties and acted upon.

assistant: 然而，必須證明，該假設已在各方之間傳達並已獲按照行事。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: "LEGITIMATE EXPECTATION" ISSUE Applicants' basis for legitimate expectation

assistant: “合理期望”的爭議 申請人在合理期望方面的理據基礎
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We can understand that view.

assistant: 我等可以理解上述觀點。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: From 1979 the State Immunity Act 1978 had been applied to Hong Kong. This act recognised restrictive immunity for truly commercial transactions by sovereign states.

assistant: 《1978年國家豁免法令》自1979年起適用於香港，這項法令承認就主權國的真正商業交易所採取的限制性豁免原則。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The presence or absence of malice was the one respect in which a distinction could be drawn between any of the defendants. Otherwise the position of all three defendants was identical.

assistant: 是否懷有惡意，乃是一項可在各名被告人之間作出的區別，若無此區別，則所有被告人的情況相同。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The allegation in Briginshaw v. Briginshaw was of adultery, and the allegation in Re H was of sexual abuse of minors.

assistant: Briginshaw v Briginshaw案涉及關於通姦的指稱，Re H案則涉及關於性虐待未成年人的指稱。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 1995 (3) SA 391, para 94) and the Privy Council (Patrick Reyes v The Queen).

assistant: 1995 (3) SA 391，判案書第94段）及樞密院（案例Patrick Reyes v The Queen）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: No fault can be found in the reasoning of the decision in Cartledge v. Jopling or, on at least this point, in the reasoning of the judgment in Pirelli.

assistant: Cartledge v Jopling案的判決或（至少在此論點上）Pirelli案的判決，在論證上均沒有出錯。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The decision in the Alfred Dunhill case, in which the United States Supreme Court declared for deciding by itself, preceded the enactment of the FSIA.

assistant: 美國最高法院在Alfred Dunhill案的判決中表明贊同法院自行決定，而該案的判決先於《外國主權國豁免法令》的制定。