billchoa/3036384256-COMP7607-data huggingface dataset:
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: By its Determination dated 17 September 2001 (FAMV 19/2001), the Appeal Committee endorsed the approach of the Court of Appeal, holding that they were clearly entitled to substitute their finding that there had been no unfair prejudice. No question of great general or public importance was found to arise on the proposed appeal.

assistant: 上訴委員會在日期爲2001年9月17日的裁定書（終院民事雜項案件2001年第19號）表示贊同上訴法庭的做法，裁定上訴法庭顯然有權改爲裁定上訴人的利益並沒受到不公平的損害，而上訴人擬提出的上訴亦不涉及具重大廣泛的或關乎公衆的重要性的問題。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In the Australian Capital Territory, (Civil Law (Wrongs) Act 2002, s 221), only criminal liability for those offences has been abolished.

assistant: 澳大利亞首都特區（《2002年民法（過失）法令》第221條）只將該等罪行的刑責廢除。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The defendant’s state of mind is assessed for the inculpatory purpose of asking whether, on the reasonable grounds proven to have been available to him, he wouldhave been led to have the requisite belief.

assistant: 審視被告人的思想狀態乃爲了入罪式的目的，即考慮以下問題： 根據已證實爲他可用的合理理由，這會否令他持有所需信念。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: and (b) any person acting on behalf of the Government or a public authority’.

assistant: 及(b)代表政府或公共主管當局行事的任何人’具約束力。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: These letters did not give rise to any legitimate expectation.

assistant: 這些信件沒有給予任何合理期望。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The courts’ disquiet was noted by Lord Nicholls in Miller/McFarlane:

assistant: Miller/McFarlane案裏，李啓新勳爵留意到法庭對這個做法表示憂慮：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (2007) 10 HKCFAR 98 wrongly decided on this issue?

assistant: (2007) 10 HKCFAR 98一案在此爭議點上的裁決是否錯誤？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In the course of his address, Lord Pannick made the point that the judiciary cannot decline to decide a case in accordance with law even if so deciding it would embarrass the executive when dealing with foreign countries.

assistant: Lord Pannick在陳詞期間提出論點指，司法機構不可不依法斷案，即使如此斷案會令行政機關與外國國家交往時感到尷尬。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Finally the jury were directed that the defendants were to be treated separately if it became necessary for them to consider malice.

assistant: 最後，主審法官向陪審團作出以下指示︰假如他們確有需要考慮關於惡意的問題，則須將各名被告人分開處理。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The Article says that “Hong Kong bin Laden” is a name Ma gave to himself but does not state why or in what circumstances it was adopted.

assistant: 該文章提述馬自稱“香港拉登”，但沒有說明因何或在什麼情況下采用此名稱。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In part it is a subjective test, because he must have formed a genuine suspicion in his own mind that the person has been concerned in acts of terrorism.

assistant: 該項驗證標準在某程度上是主觀的，因爲逮捕人員本人的心中必須真正懷疑該人曾涉及恐怖活動。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The applicants' submission is that it is art. 22(4) as interpreted by the Interpretation which requires Mainland approval before entering Hong Kong and hence, those persons who entered before 1 July 1997 were not subject to art. 22(4) and the Interpretation in respect of this article.

assistant: 申請人呈述，第二十二條第四款經該解釋詮釋後，規定有關人士須取得內地批准纔可進入香港，因此於1997年7月1日之前進入香港的人士便不受第二十二條第四款及人大常委會就該條款而作出的解釋規限。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Then, on 26 April 2007, the Court of Appeal – composed of Ma CJHC, Tang VP (as he had become) and Stock JA – heard the parties on three matters. Those three matters were :

assistant: 上訴法庭就有關裁斷頒下上述判決後，過了一段頗長的時間，直到2007年4月26日，由高等法院首席法官馬道立、上訴法庭副庭長鄧國楨（他已轉任副庭長）和上訴法庭法官司徒敬組成的上訴法庭聽取與訟雙方就以下三項事宜的陳詞：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In that case a constitutional challenge was brought against a provision in the Criminal Procedure Ordinance, Cap.221, which barred the awarding of costs to a certain category of appellants whose convictions have been quashed, namely those who have been ordered to be retried.

assistant: 在該案受到合憲性挑戰的，是《刑事訴訟程序條例》（第221章）中的一項條文。 該項條文禁止向某類別（即定罪判決被撤銷但被法庭命令須接受重審）的上訴人判給訟費。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It was clear that the Government had to tackle the fiscal deficit resolutely and proactively;

assistant: 顯然政府必須堅決及積極地解決財赤問題；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: However, those other forms of marriage which were celebrated before that date are either declared valid (in the case of Chinese customary marriages) or validated (in the case of modern marriages) and the status (that is, concubines and their children) acquired pursuant to these marriages are expressly recognized.

assistant: 不過，在該日期之前舉行的所有其他形式的婚禮均被宣告爲有效婚姻（就中國舊式婚姻而言）或認可婚姻（就新式婚姻而言），而依據上述婚姻取得的地位（即妾侍及其子女）均明確地獲得承認。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (5) Since s.13A provides that the appropriate officer may permit a former resident of Vietnam to remain in Hong Kong, there was an implied power in that officer to refuse such permission.

assistant: (5)   由於第13A條規定適當的人員可准許前越南居民留在香港，因此該名人員亦有隱含權力拒絕作此准許。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (3) A declaration that the applicant has as from 1 July 1997 been and is a permanent resident of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region within the third category in Article 24(2) of the Basic Law and as such entitled to enjoy the right of abode.

assistant: （3）我等宣告申請人乃屬《基本法》第24（2）條第三類別的香港特別行政區永久性居民，她在1997年7月1日開始便擁有這身分，故此她享有居留權。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: \n[1956] AC 14 line of cases, which are not confined to tax cases but are of general application in appellate courts.

assistant: \n[1956] AC 14一案及一系列同類案例所述的各項並非只適用於稅務案件而是在上訴級法庭普遍適用的原則。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 29.  In June 1993, Egana became listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (“HKSE”).

assistant: 29.  1993年6月，聯洲國際終於在香港聯合交易所（“港交所”）上市。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: However, it may well be implicit in Article 87(1) of the Basic Law which affords constitutional protection to “the principles previously applied in Hong Kong and the rights previously enjoyed by parties” to both criminal and civil proceedings.

assistant: 不過，這項準則很可能隱含於《基本法》第八十七條第一款，它給予刑事和民事訴訟中的“原在香港適用的原則和當事人享有的權利”憲法保障。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: And she says (at p.166) that it is “not fanciful … to see in that linkage both the precursor of more contemporary notions of affirmative action and the response to suggestions that special protections themselves constitute a form of discrimination”.

assistant: 她亦表示，「在該關聯裏，一個並非空想的可能性……是，既可看到對積極行動持較新穎想法的先驅，同時也可看到對於指特別保護本身構成一種歧視的說法的回應。」
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is done, he said at p.312, “by calling witnesses to give oral testimony in the presence of the jury”.

assistant: 他表示控方「藉傳召證人在陪審團在場下作出口頭證詞」而證明其案（見該案彙編第312頁）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (ii) on his initiative;

assistant: (ii)   是由他主動作出的；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Yet, as the Judge himself found:

assistant: 然而，誠如原審法官本人裁定：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: And, in that context, in the absence of some indication of legislative intention (of which there is none), there is no reason at all why the presumption as to knowledge of the presence of the thing itself should be extended to knowledge of its nature or qualities.

assistant: 而在該情況下，在缺乏能夠顯示立法意向的若干跡象（亦無任何該等跡象）之下，完全沒有理由把對知悉該東西本身存在的推定引伸至知悉它的性質或特性。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: See the Court of Appeal’s judgment in the present case at 208B-C (Ma CJHC) and in Leung v Secretary for Justice \n[2006] HKCA 360; \n[2006] 4 HKLRD 211 at 234G-H.

assistant: 參閱上訴法庭在本案的判案書第208頁B至C（按高等法院首席法官馬道立所言）及在梁對律政司司長 \n[2006] HKCA 360; \n[2006] 4 HKLRD 211案第234頁G至H的判詞。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As Lord Bingham of Cornhill said in Grobbelaar (below), the jury is a judicial decision-maker;

assistant: 正如Bingham of Cornhill勳爵在Grobbelaar案（見下文）指出，陪審團是作出司法決定者；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In the present case, the detriment involved was exposure to physical danger.

assistant: 本案涉及的損害是人身面臨的危害，且屬最嚴重的人身危害。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It was his discretion as the relevant officer of the court.

assistant: 身爲有關的法院人員，他在這方面享有酌情權。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: "On an appeal against sentence the Court of Appeal has power under section 83I of the Criminal Procedure Ordinance to either increase or reduce the sentence."

assistant: 「在有上訴針對刑罰而提出時，上訴法庭有權根據《刑事訴訟程序條例》第83I條，增加或減少刑罰。」
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As Lord Hope of Craighead put it in R v Montila: \n[51]  “A person may have reasonable grounds to suspect that property is one thing (A) when in fact it is something different (B).

assistant: 正如Hope of Craighead勳爵在R v Montila一案指出﹕\n[51]  “有人可能有合理理由懷疑某項財產爲某東西（甲），而事實上該財產爲另一東西（乙）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Ming Pao’s case was that the accusations, made by someone describing himself as “the Hong Kong bin Laden”, particularly when the circumstances in which he had acquired that name (set out in Ming Pao’s pleadings) were of great notoriety, would have been given no credence by any reasonable reader.

assistant: 《明報》的案情指，有關的指控是由某名自稱“香港拉登”的人士作出，而尤其鑑於他得此名稱的情況（列明在《明報》的狀書內）令他惡名昭彰，該等指控是任何明理的讀者都不會相信的。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The Director is under a statutory duty to give reasons for his refusal. There is a period of 90 days within which to appeal.

assistant: 入境處處長有法定責任提供拒絕該項申請的理由，申請人在90天內可提出上訴。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (2) A declaration should be made that s.30A(10)(b)(i) is unconstitutional.

assistant: (2)應作出宣告，示明第30A(10)(b)(i)條違憲。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: A preliminary point should be addressed.

assistant: 有一初步論點應予處理。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Any party seeking a different costs order should within 28 days of the handing down of this judgment inform the Registrar in writing who will then give directions for the filing of submissions on costs.

assistant: 與訟任何一方如欲尋求有別於此的訟費令，應在本判案書發下後28日內以書面通知司法常務官，司法常務官繼而會就提交訟費事宜上的陳詞而發出各項指示。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: From the outset, the wife had agreed to a divorce:

assistant: 妻子從一開始已經同意離婚：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 3.  Telecommunications in Hong Kong is governed by the Telecommunications Ordinance, Cap. 106 (“the Ordinance”).

assistant: 3.  香港的電訊事務受《電訊條例》（香港法例第106章）管限。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: If the true issue is borne in mind, the context, nature and effect of the OCMFA Letters emerge.

assistant: 只要謹記真正的爭論點是甚麼，便會明白外交部駐港公署的函件的文意，性質和作用。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: While the fact that an applicant has acted under legal advice in pursuing his application should and would be given careful consideration, this is not necessarily a bar to the exercise of the court's discretion.

assistant: 縱使申請人乃按照法律意見進行申請一事應當及將會獲法庭慎重考慮，但這點不一定禁止法庭行使其酌情權。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is unnecessary to repeat the detailed history of this action for defamation described in the judgments of Mr Justice Litton and Lord Cooke of Thorndon NPJJ.

assistant: 這項誹謗訴訟的來龍去脈，已分別在本院非常任法官烈顯倫及顧安國勳爵的判詞中詳述，本席無須贅述。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The defendant subjected himself to a medical examination at a police station following a car collision after it was made clear to him that its purpose was to see if he was suffering from any illness and disability and it was no part of the doctor's duty to examine him to determine his fitness to drive.

assistant: 案中被告人在駕車期間遇到碰撞意外，其後獲明確告知，他將要接受身體檢驗，其目的是查看他有否患病和殘疾，而負責檢驗他的醫生的職責絕不是要確定他是否適宜駕駛。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: On 1 July 1997, the Standing Committee added the PRC Law on the National Flag to Annex III so that the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has to apply it by legislation or promulgation in the Region.

assistant: 1997年7月1日，全國人大常委會把中國國旗法增補入《基本法》附件三內，香港特別行政區因此要透過公佈或立法程序來在特區實施這法例。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 30.  The Judge’s reaction to the wife’s submission on the Goldman Sachs account, far from being “extraordinary”, seems to me impeccable.

assistant: 30.  對案中妻子方面就高盛帳戶的陳詞，原審法官的回應，遠遠說不上是“不尋常”，在本席看來，無可挑剔。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This principle, which follows from the doctrine of the separation of powers, is a basic principle of the common law and is preserved and maintained in Hong Kong by the Basic Law.

assistant: 這項由三權分立論產生出來的原則乃普通法的基本原則，並藉《基本法》在香港繼續保存下來。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Such orders pursue the legitimate aim of preventing harm to the proper administration of justice and preventing the vexatious oppression of other litigants.

assistant: 此等命令旨在追求合法目的，即防止司法工作的妥善執行受到損害及防止其他訴訟人受無理纏擾的行爲壓迫。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This type of house membership, Professor Dicks had explained, was merely a means of dealing with the social problem of former concubines.

assistant: 狄克斯教授曾解釋，此種成爲家庭成員的方式，僅是一種用以處理前身爲妾者的社會問題的方法。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Mr Thomas, however, argues that the Court of Appeal’s approach was not legitimate but consisted of no more than speculation as to what readers might or might not have remembered and believed.

assistant: 然而，唐明治先生辯指上訴法庭的處理方式並不正當，而是純粹揣測讀者會或不會記得和相信的是甚麼。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: When the police officer came to the scene, the mobile phone was held by PW3’s wife and it was handed to the police officer.

assistant: 警員到場時，該部電話由PW3的妻子拿著。 她把電話交給該名警員。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: nor shall it serve as an excuse for disobedience of any order of removal, deportation, expulsion or banishment made under any enactment for the time being in force."

assistant: 亦不得以持有有效旅行證件爲辯解，從而不服從任何根據當時有效的成文法則發出的遣送離境令、遞解離境令、驅逐出境令或放逐出境令。」
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The answer is that for the purpose of section 50 of the Police Force Ordinance it might not be material at all.

assistant: 本席的回應是，就《警隊條例》第50條而言，這一點可能完全不重要。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The decision does not, however, support the total immunity of bail proceedings for which the appellant contends.

assistant: 然而，該項判決並不支持本案上訴人所主張對保釋法律程序的全面豁免。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The 2nd charge was of desecration of the regional flag, contrary to s.7 of the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance. The particulars were that they desecrated the regional flag by publicly and wilfully defiling it.

assistant: 第二項控罪是侮辱區旗，違反《區旗及區徽條例》第7條，詳情指他們公開及故意以玷污的方式侮辱區旗。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Sometimes, if the quantity for sale was large, she would be instructed by the appellant not to buy and the price would then drop below the target figure.

assistant: 間或因賣盤數量龐大，上訴人會指示雷女士不要購入，股價遂下跌至低於目標價。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Since s.11(10) does not apply to him, the previous permission would not have expired by virtue of departure.

assistant: 由於第11(10)條不適用於他，因此他先前獲得的准許不會因爲離境而失效。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Second, if it is recognized, whether, notwithstanding such recognition, the Hong Kong Courts can still proceed with the Wife’s ancillary relief claim against the Husband which she had commenced in Hong Kong before the Shenzhen Divorce.

assistant: 其次，如獲得承認，則儘管判令獲承認，香港法院是否仍能繼續審理妻子於該項深圳離婚之前已在香港展開和向丈夫提出的附屬濟助申索？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: However, they dispute PCCW’s entitlement to restrain him from being involved for CSL in FMIC issues in the course of his employment.

assistant: 然而，他們不同意電訊盈科有權禁制艾廸勤先生在受僱於CSL期間代表CSL參與互連費事宜。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: But that is not so when the question is what a person knows.

assistant: 但若然問題是某人知道甚麼，情況便不一樣。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: I cannot accept that argument.

assistant: 本席不能接受上述論據。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Without in any way diluting the force of the criticisms which it has been unfortunately necessary to voice, it does not follow that these matters justify a stay of the prosecution.

assistant: 縱使不幸地本席有必要提出上述批評，但在不以任何方式減弱該等批評的力度下，本席不認爲該等事宜足以提供理由以支持擱置檢控。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In making a judgment as to whether acts are so connected that they can fairly be regarded as forming part of the same transaction or criminal enterprise it is necessary to keep in mind the purpose for which the question is asked.

assistant: 在判斷有關作爲是否互有關連、以致可公平地視爲同一交易或犯罪勾當的組成部分時，必須牢記提出此問題的目的。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Miss Cheung's father had come in 1967 and the father of the Ng sisters had come in 1976.

assistant: 張小姐的父親於1967年抵港，而吳氏姊妹的父親則於1976年到港。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 8. By judicial review proceedings, Mr Chan and Mr Tse have challenged the validity of these electoral arrangements.

assistant: 8. 陳先生與謝先生透過司法覆核程序質疑上述選舉安排的法律效力。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The method of finding the maximum price must not involve discretionary elements.

assistant: 得出最高價格的方法，不得涉及酌情元素。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: He said that although, in meetings with counsel pre-trial, he had given his counsel instructions about the video recordings, nobody had mentioned Exhibit 184.

assistant: 他指在審訊前曾與大律師開會，會上雖然他曾就錄影會面紀錄給予大律師指示，但無人提及證物184。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Section 25A - Disclosure of knowledge or suspicion that property represents proceeds, etc. of indictable offence

assistant: 第25A條— 對財產是代表從可公訴罪行的得益等的知悉或懷疑的披露
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It was his case that he was deceived by Yaser into opening the bank accounts, thinking that materials relating to them would be sent to his address in the UK.

assistant: Salim先生的案情指自己在受到Yaser欺騙下開立涉案銀行帳戶，並以爲與該等帳戶有關的資料會寄往其英國地址。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This approach accords well with common-sense.

assistant: 這處理方法相當合乎常理。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The only remaining point under this head arises from the fact that, having rejected the award of $3 million substantially for the reasons which I have given, and before going on to decide on the figure of $700,000, the Court of Appeal said this at para 189 of their judgment:

assistant: 在此題目下，尚有最後一點須予討論。 上訴法庭在大致上基於本席已述的理由而否決該項判給300萬元的裁決後，且在尚未決定判給70萬元之前，曾在其判案書第189段表示：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Applicable principles 193.

assistant: 適用的原則 193.
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Before this Court neither side took issue with this formulation which, as will be seen, broadly corresponds with my own.

assistant: 在本院席前，與訟雙方對上述原則並無爭議，而從下文可見，如此表述的原則與本席所表述的原則大致上相對應。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is clear that, unlike equitable estoppels which create enforceable equitable rights, an estoppel by convention is not a source of legal obligation.

assistant: 很明顯，“共識不容反悔”原則並非法律義務的來源，這有別於能夠產生可予強制執行的衡平法權利的“衡平法上的不容反悔”原則。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: “This difference in treatment of matrimonial property and non-matrimonial property might suggest that in every case a clear and precise boundary should be drawn between these two categories of property.

assistant: “對婚姻財產的處理和對非婚姻財產的處理的分別或許提示每宗案件裏都應該在這兩類財產之間劃出清晰準確的分界。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As for crowd safety, the police regularly devise and implement crowd control measures in the interests of safety.

assistant: 至於羣衆安全，警方經常爲安全起見而設定和實行管制羣衆的措施。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Street J acknowledged that S and his associates had a special interest in the promotion of the Scheme which the other creditors did not possess, but he held that this did not preclude them from participating in the same meeting.

assistant: Street法官認同S和其關聯人士在推動該安排方面有特別的利害關係，其他債權人則不然。 但Street法官裁定此點不足以阻止他們出席同一會議。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 33. If his primary submission fails, Mr Pannick, in seeking to uphold the decisions to refuse the respondent permission to land and to remove him, advances in the alternative a supplementary submission which runs as follows :

assistant: 33.  Pannick先生的主要陳詞若不獲接納，他仍爲著試圖維持處長拒準答辯人入境及把他遣離的決定而作出以下補充陳詞：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: There is nothing in the letter or spirit of the legislation out of which to create such an onus.

assistant: 有關法例的字面意義或精神均未有訂立該項責任。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We shall refer to the objectionable parts by the section numbers in the Immigration Ordinance save where otherwise stated.

assistant: 在提及法院反對的部分時，我等採用《入境條例》的條款編號，除非另有所指才屬例外。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: First, they were made by the power which had assumed sovereignty over the territory of Hong Kong and were an exercise of its sovereign power to legislate for the territory.

assistant: 第一，該兩份公告均由對香港地區具有主權的掌權者在行使主權爲香港地區立法時發出。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In contrast, heterosexuals are not subject to any criminal liability comparable to that prescribed in s. 118F(1) in relation to the same or comparable conduct, namely, vaginal intercourse or buggery otherwise than in private.

assistant: 反之，就同樣或相若的行爲，即非私下的陰道性交或肛交，異性戀者卻不受制於任何與第118F(1)條所訂明者相若的刑事法律責任。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (5) In subsection (1) "the knowledge required for bringing an action for damages in respect of the relevant damage" means knowledge -  (a) of such facts about the damage in respect of which damages are claimed as would lead a reasonable person who had suffered such damage to consider it sufficiently serious to justify his instituting proceedings for damages against a defendant who did not dispute liability and was able to satisfy a judgment;

assistant: (5) 在第(1)款中，“就有關損害而提出損害賠償訴訟所需的知悉”指對以下事項的知悉 —  (a) 與申索損害賠償所關乎的損害有關的事實，該等事實會令一個蒙受該項損害的合理的人，認爲損害的嚴重程度足以令其有充分理由，針對一名並不就法律責任提出爭議、且有能力履行判決的被告人而提起要求損害賠償的法律程序；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: and R. v. Lam Yip Ying \n[1984] HKLR 419. Where a confession statement is held to have been made voluntarily, the court still has a residual discretion to exclude it to preserve the fairness of the trial.

assistant: 及R. v. Lam Yip Ying \n[1984] HKLR 419��即使招認口供被裁定爲自願作出，法庭仍可行使剩餘酌情權摒除該口供，以保持審訊的公正性。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 27.  The courts have sometimes relied on inaction when under a duty to act as evidence of such aiding and abetting.

assistant: 27.  有時候，若然某人有責任採取行動，則法庭會以該人沒有行動來作爲協助及教唆的證據。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 19.  It is important to recognise the proper scope of the principle of non-intervention.

assistant: 19.  認識到不干預原則的恰當範圍很重要。