billchoa/3036384256-COMP7607-data huggingface dataset:
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The case of Yeung provides an example of the practical problem.

assistant: 楊案是相關實際問題的一個例證。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The action was held to be time barred.

assistant: 該項訴訟結果被法庭裁定已逾時失效。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: That makes them crucially different from the protection given to public housing residents by the legislature when it capped the median rent to income ratio at 10%. For such protection is as of right.

assistant: 這使該等措施與立法機關透過把租金與收入中位比例的上限定爲百份之十而賦予公屋居民的保障有着關鍵性的不同，原因是這種保障屬於一項當然權利。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The adoption of an international convention on this issue would assist in balancing and regulating the practices of states, and will have positive impacts on protecting the harmony and stability of international relations.

assistant: 就這一問題制定國際公約，有助於平衡和規範各國的實踐，也將對維護國際關係的和諧和穩定產生積極影響。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The municipal courts are simply not equipped to make such a judgment, lacking relevant information and being ill-placed to gauge the full implications of adopting any specific policy on state immunity.

assistant: 本土法院並沒掌握有關資料，亦沒法評估就國家豁免採取任何特定措施的全面性影響，因此根本沒有資格作此判決。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The most relevant provisions (not set out in full) are as follows:

assistant: 其最爲相關的條文(並非全部列出)如下：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Total prior restraint is involved in the Commissioner of Police’s powers under the challenged schemes to - prohibit a public meeting (under s.9) and - object to a public procession (under s.14).

assistant: 根據受質疑的計劃，處長享有下列事先作出完全限制的權力︰  —  禁止公衆集會（根據第9條）和 —  反對公衆遊行（根據第14條）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: However, the real issue in the present case is not (as in other countries) whether the courts, as opposed to the executive, should be taking responsibility for defining the nation’s state immunity policy, and if so, for deciding what policy is more consonant with justice.

assistant: 然而，本案的真正爭論點與其他國家的同類案件中的爭論點並不一樣，真正的爭論點並非是否應由法院而非行政部門來負起界定國家的  國家豁免政策的責任，以及如果由法院負責的話，應否由法院決定甚麼政策更符合司法公義。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Article 158(3) in focusing on the provision in question requires the Court to consider the character of the provision.

assistant: 第一百五十八條第三款集中述及有關條款時，規定本院須考慮條款的特性。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (b) to promote and develop co-operation and understanding between the Government and the people of the New Territories;

assistant: (b) 促進和加深政府與新界區的人之間的合作及瞭解；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 27. In her reasons for the verdict, the trial judge referred to the evidence of Mr Tang, contained in the statement of admitted facts.

assistant: 27.  原審法官在其裁決理由書中，提述了同意案情陳述書中所載鄧先生的證供。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The point for present purposes is that since Leung Fuk Wah was concerned only with the 1993 version, it is not an authority on the meaning and effect of the 1999 version and provides no support for the Court of Appeal’s view as to the inevitability of the appellant’s conviction in the present case.

assistant: 就本案而言，本席的論點是，由於Leung Fuk Wah案只關乎1993年版本，所以就1999年版本的含義和效果來說，它不具權威性，不能就上訴法庭認爲本案上訴人被定罪是必然的看法提供支持。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Whether he chooses to say anything or not about this fortuitous discovery presents a lottery upon a lottery.

assistant: 至於他會否選擇說出這項偶然的發現，則像賭博般無法預知。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall authorize the courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to interpret on their own, in adjudicating cases, the provisions of this Law which are within the limits of the autonomy of the Region.

assistant: 全國人民代表大會常務委員會授權香港特別行政區法院在審理案件時對本法關於香港特別行政區自治範圍內的條款自行解釋。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: two, that the difference embodied in the particular departure selected to meet that need is itself rational;

assistant: 第二、爲切合該需要而選擇的特定偏離所體現的差別，本身屬於合理；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: That section provided that every male person who has sexual intercourse with a female person who is not his wife, and is under the age of 14 years, whether or not he believes that she is 14 years of age or more, is guilty of an indictable offence and is liable to imprisonment for life.

assistant: 該條文規定，任何男子與並非他的妻子而年齡在14歲以下的女子性交，不論他是否相信她年滿14歲或以上，皆屬干犯可公訴罪行，可處終身監禁。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In a cogent dissent (which I respectfully regard as well on its way to full vindication if it has not already been fully vindicated) Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead put it like this in Briggs v. Baptiste \n[2000] 2 AC 40 at p.58 B:

assistant: 在一份表示異議但說服力強的判決書中（本席拜讀過後認爲如果他現時仍未完全得到支持擁護，漸漸亦會完全得到支持擁護），大法官Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead在Briggs v. Baptiste (\n[2000] 2 AC 40第58頁B)案中這樣說：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The court decides the question objectively and not by reference to the subjective views of the parties to the contract.

assistant: 法庭須以客觀方式解答這問題，過程中不會考慮締約各方的主觀意見。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: And unless, in the case of a film, the deponent had attended its world première, how could he have personal knowledge of the date it was "first published"?

assistant: 且就影片而言，除非宣誓人曾出席該影片的世界首映，否則他又怎可親自知悉其於何日期“首次發表”？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: the need for reasonable speed in making the adjudication;

assistant: 以合理速度作出裁決的需要；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: However, the relationship had clearly begun many years earlier and had started with a period of cohabitation in the United Kingdom when they were both students.

assistant: 然而，他們的關係顯然多年前早已開始，並始於英國同居一段時間，當時他們都是學生。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is, in accepted phrases, neither a threat to the dignity of that state, nor any interference with its sovereign functions."

assistant: 公認慣語謂之曰，既非使該國尊嚴蒙受冒犯之虞，亦非對其主權職能作任何干預。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: By 1 September 1997, a total of 1461 applications had been received. Legal aid was granted in 901 cases and refused in 411 cases.

assistant: 至1997年9月1日，法律援助署總共接獲1,461宗申請，其中901宗獲給予法律援助，411宗則被拒絕。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: If only one inspector had been appointed, then what I say about inspectors in the plural would apply to an inspector in the singular.

assistant: 假如只有一名調查員獲委任，則本席就衆數調查員所言皆適用於單一名調查員。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It may be so insignificant that the failure to take it into account could not have materially affected the decision.

assistant: 該項因素可能毫不重要，即使未獲考慮，也不會對有關決定造成重大影響；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Therefore I really hope to have a chance to create an environment more suitable for patients, which, on one hand, would make it possible for me to make full devotion of my time and to adequately serve each patient, and, on the other hand, to utilize my professional expertise to answer patients’ questions, acquainting them with their conditions and freeing them from worries, and to provide direct and effective diagnosis, with the latest medications and advanced medical technology, improving the overall effectiveness of treatment, providing to the patients integrated service of good quality, which is well-suited to medical and financial conditions.

assistant: 因此，本人真的希望有機會爲病人制造一個更適合的環境，使本人一方面可將本人的時間全部用於爲每一名病人提供妥善服務； 另一方面則可利用本人的專業專門知識解答病人的疑難，使他們認識自己的情況而免除憂慮，以及提供直接和有效的診斷，並配合最新的藥品和先進的醫療科技，提高治療的整體效果，爲病人提供適合病人的醫療和經濟狀況的高質素綜合服務。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 6.  In March 2002, the three appellants were tried in the Macau Criminal Court for two offences.

assistant: 6.  2002年3月，本案的三名上訴人在澳門的刑事法庭就兩項罪名受審。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: “It is not necessary to elaborate further on this issue.

assistant: 「本席毋須進一步闡述這個爭議點。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: These matters are fact specific in the sense of the fact as recognised by the executive.

assistant: 此等事宜取決於具體事實，即行政機關所承認的事實。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Read literally s.50 appears to consist of two discrete bases for arrest: one being reasonable belief that a person will be charged with an offence and the other being reasonable suspicion that he is guilty of an offence.

assistant: 根據第50條的字面意思看來，警方可在兩個互不關連的基礎上執行逮捕﹕一個是合理地相信某人會被控某項罪行，另一個則是合理地懷疑某人犯了罪。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In this context, it is important to appreciate that an examination of the defendant’s state of mind may be relevant for two purposes.

assistant: 在這範疇內，重要的是明白到，審視被告人的思想狀態可能在兩方面有所幫助。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: ‘To uphold the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China’ and to bear ‘allegiance to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China’ as stipulated in Article 104 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, are not only the legal content which must be included in the oath prescribed by the Article, but also the legal requirements and preconditions for standing for election in respect of or taking up the public office specified in the Article.

assistant: 《中華人民共和國香港特別行政區基本法》第一百零四條規定的‘擁護中華人民共和國香港特別行政區基本法，效忠中華人民共和國香港特別行政區’，既是該條規定的宣誓必須包含的法定內容，也是參選或者出任該條所列公職的法定要求和條件。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: He proceeded with his application for leave to appeal against the conviction on the 1st and 2nd charges upon legal advice.

assistant: 他按照法律意見針對第1和第2項控罪的定罪進行上訴許可申請。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: They are the drugs the subject-matter of the 2nd charge, also being one of trafficking.

assistant: 那就是控罪第2項販運危險藥物所指的藥物。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 13.  As to the first limb, “shall be amended”, this phrase connotes a legislative procedure.

assistant: 13.  該句首部分的「修改」一詞，意味著一個立法程序。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 40.  The law has now developed to the point that it should be acknowledged in Hong Kong that examining magistrates possess implied power to stay proceedings to prevent an abuse of their own process, limited though the exercise of the power may be.

assistant: 40.  相關法律發展至今，香港應當承認進行審查的裁判官具有隱含權力擱置法律程序，以防止在他們席前進行的法庭程序被濫用，儘管這項權力在行使時可能會受到限制。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: So the expression "in adjudicating cases" makes it clear that the power of interpretation enjoyed by the courts of the Region is limited in that way and differs from the general and free-standing power of interpretation enjoyed by the Standing Committee under Article 67(4) of the PRC Constitution and Article 158(1) of the Basic Law.

assistant: 因此，“在審理案件時”一詞清楚表明，香港特區法院享有的解釋權以該方式受到限制，且有別於人大常委會根據《中國憲法》第67(4)條及《基本法》第158(1)條享有的一般和獨立釋法權。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (b) a valid HKSAR passport issued to him;

assistant: （b）發予他的有效特區護照；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In 2005 he came to Hong Kong to work for Hong Kong CSL Ltd (“CSL”), a large MNO. His title was Legal Adviser, Legal and Regulatory Affairs.

assistant: 他於2005年來到香港，受聘於大型流動網絡商香港移動通訊有限公司(“CSL”)，任職法律規管事務部法律顧問。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Alternatively, it is submitted on her behalf that even if such testimony was probative evidence, it should nevertheless have been excluded as more prejudicial than probative.

assistant: 辯方亦提出交替辯據，指該等證供即使具有舉證價值，仍理應被摒除，因爲其損害效果大於其舉證價值。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The order was signed by Mr MAK Kwai Yun, Assistant Director of Immigration ("Mr Mak"). He was exercising delegated authority from the Director.

assistant: ”  該項命令由入境事務處助理處長麥桂炘先生（“麥先生”）簽署，他當時正行使處長轉授的權限。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: But that is no reason to say, in the face of plain contrary language, that the legislature must have intended to confer jurisdiction upon only one tribunal.

assistant: 然而，當法例已清楚表明其意後，我們沒理由仍說立法機構的意圖必定是僅將司法管轄權授予一個仲裁庭。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Whilst we, of course, accept that the Chief Judge believed that the reason he gave justified the delay, the matter must be objectively judged.

assistant: 我們當然同意首席法官相信他所提出的理由足以支持有關延誤，但此事必須客觀地判斷。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: However, the argument runs, even if restrictive state immunity is properly regarded as a rule of customary international law, China has persistently objected to such a rule throughout the rule’s formative period. Accordingly, under the persistent objector doctrine in international law, China is not bound by it whatever may be the position of other States.

assistant: 不過，介入人指出，即使限制性國家豁免可被正確地視爲一項國際習慣法規則，由於中國於該項規則的整個形成期間已一直提出反對，因此，根據國際習慣法中的 “一貫反對者原則”（persistent objector doctrine），不管其他國家的立場如何，中國仍不受該項規則約束。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The framework of a particular tribunal has to be examined.

assistant: 個別審裁機構的架構須予審視。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: They were however discouraged or dissuaded from doing so.

assistant: 但他們被阻止或勸止作出聲稱。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: And what is reasonably tolerable depends on the circumstances.

assistant: 而何謂合理地可容忍，須視乎情況而定。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In Leung Kwok Hung v President of the Legislative Council (No.1), the context was the appropriateness of court intervention in the legislative process where the President of Legco had made a decision in relation to the length of debate on a bill which had been the subject of attempts to filibuster it.

assistant: 在梁國雄 對 立法會主席（第1號）案中，有關情況涉及的問題是在條例草案辯論屢遭“拉布”影響之下，立法會主席已就辯論時間的長短作出裁決，法庭對此立法程序的干預是否適合。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: On the evidence and on the face of the documentary record, no application expressly aimed at securing permanent resident status for the appellant was made until 30 May 2000.

assistant: 根據呈堂證據及從文件紀錄看來，上訴人直至2000年5月30日才明確地爲取得永久性居民身分而提出申請。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As the ICCPR necessity requirement involves the application of a proportionality test, it follows that that test must also be applied in relation to the statutory necessity test.

assistant: 由於國際公約的“必要性”規定涉及運用“相稱性”驗證標準，因此法定的“必要性”驗證標準亦必須涉及運用“相稱性”驗證標準。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 46.  I agree with the judgment of the Chief Justice and have nothing to add.

assistant: 46.  本席同意本院首席法官的判決，亦無任何補充。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (1) A flat in Waterloo Road in the husband’s name.

assistant: (1)  一個位於窩打老道、以丈夫名義持有的單位。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (b) Nor does it have inherent or implied power to do so.

assistant: (b)  該委員會亦不具有固有或隱含權力這樣做。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The principle may also be illustrated by reference to the requirement of publicity.

assistant: 有關原則亦可藉參考對公開性的規定而加以闡明。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The right of equality before the law is provided for by BL art 25 which states : "All Hong Kong residents shall be equal before the law".

assistant: 《基本法》第二十五條規定在法律面前平等的權利，述明“香港居民在法律面前一律平等”。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 29. The full text of these two proclamations are to be found at pp 4-6 of Vol. 1 of "Norton-Kyshe's The History of the Laws and Courts of Hong Kong" (1898).

assistant: 29.  上述兩份公告的全文載於Norton-Kyshe著《香港法律及法庭之歷史》（The History of the Laws and Courts of Hong Kong）（1898年）一書第1冊第4至6頁。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The Court stated that as a matter of practice, the draft notice ought to be placed before the judge for his consideration and then annexed to his order.

assistant: 又指出作爲常規，通知書的草擬本應呈交法官考慮並附錄於其命令。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Moreover, the principal purposes of the Basic Law underpinning those Articles are clear.

assistant: 再者，作爲該等條文的基礎，《基本法》的主要目的相當清晰。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 8. As the Court of Appeal observed, the defendant's pleaded case was that the Heung was the beneficial owner of the land and that the defendant was entitled to remain in possession under or by virtue of agreements made with Wong Tat To acting as manager of the Heung and on its behalf.

assistant: 8.  正如上訴法庭指出，被告人申訴的案情爲： 該鄉是該土地的實益擁有人，而根據並憑藉與身爲該鄉的司理行事並代表該鄉的黃達道所訂立之協議，被告人有權繼續管有該土地。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In particular, where the trial judge rejects the defendant's testimony, to what extent can the judge remain oblivious to the defendant's actual reason(s) for dealing with the specified proceeds in making the finding that the defendant had reasonable grounds to believe that the proceeds he dealt with were proceeds of crime?

assistant: 特別當主審法官不接納被告人的證供而又裁斷被告人有合理理由相信其處理的得益是從罪行的得益時，則該法官於作出該裁斷時，在何等程度上可以不理會被告人處理指明得益的真正原因？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: "It has been often said, I know, that a public body, which is entrusted by Parliament with the exercise of powers for the public good, cannot fetter itself in the exercise of them. It cannot be estopped from doing its public duty.

assistant: “據我所知，大家一直都認爲公共機構，既然是一個由國會委任，賦與權力爲大衆謀福祉的組織，不可能在行使這些權力時自我制肘，亦不可能阻止它履行公職。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The nature and scope of the prohibition allegedly contained in the statutory provisions are obviously open to dispute.

assistant: 該等條文被指包含的禁制，其性質和涵蓋範圍顯然可予爭議。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 38.  The appeals come to this Court pursuant to leave to appeal granted by the Appeal Committee for the appellant to pursue the following points which the Court of Appeal certified as points of law of great and general importance involved in its decision :

assistant: 38.  上訴人根據上訴委員會所給予的上訴許可，就下列各點向本院提出上訴，而上訴法庭已證明下列各點乃屬其判決所涉及的具有重大而廣泛的重要性的法律論點：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: And the Arbitrator accordingly awarded $151 million under this head.

assistant: 該仲裁人亦因而在此項目下判給151,000,000元。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: I do not propose to say anything more about whether restrictive immunity has crystallised into a rule of customary international law or about persistent objection, for the Court cannot pronounce on the immunity available in Mainland proceedings.

assistant: 關於限制性豁免是否已形成爲一項國際習慣法規則，或關於一貫的反對，本席不準備多說什麼，因爲本法院不能頒佈在內地的法律程序中所可得到的豁免。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: But there is a limitation on this jurisdiction as far as the Court of Final Appeal is concerned.

assistant: 然而對終審法院來說，這項司法管轄權存在一種規限。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This scenario is not supported by evidence.

assistant: 這種假設情況不獲呈堂證據支持。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 20.  On the following day, 16 May 2008, FG issued an originating summons against the Congo and the CR subsidiaries as the 1st to 4th defendants.

assistant: 20.  在翌日，2008年5月16日，FG以剛果和中鐵附屬公司爲第一至四被告人發出原訴傳票。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The intention of the legislature could not have been clearer. It was not for the Director to frustrate that intention.

assistant: 立法機構的意圖是最清楚不過的，處長無權將之抹煞。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 17.  The finding that s.20(3)(c) derogated from the presumption of innocence did not dispose of the principal question at issue.

assistant: 17.  裁定第20(3)(c)條減損無罪推定，不足以解決受爭議的主要問題。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As for The Queen v Phillips \n[2003] 2 Crim App Rep 528, the relationship evidence held admissible by the English Court of Appeal in that case did not include such suspicion.

assistant: 至於案例The Queen v Phillips \n[2003] 2 Crim App Rep 528，英國上訴法院在該案裁定案中的關係證供可獲法庭接納，但其不包含關乎心存懷疑的證供。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is hard to identify any transaction which Mr Unruh and Egana can be said to have entered into on the basis of the alleged convention.

assistant: 本席難以指出任何可說是Unruh先生與聯洲國際基於被指的共識而訂立的交易。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is not easy to extract from the three judgments of the Court of Appeal the ratio decidendi for the decision to quash the removal orders.

assistant: 要從上訴法庭的三份判詞中摘錄其決定撤銷有關的遣送離境令的判決理由，並不容易。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: “… What does take an order outside the power conferred by reg. 23 is, not uncertainty as to what it means, but the adoption by the order of a criterion or standard of price that is uncertain in the result that its application produces.

assistant: “……真正將一項命令置於規例第23條所授予的權力之外的，並非該項命令的涵義不確定，而是該項命令所採納的價格準則或標準在應用上產生的結果不確定。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (5) If the Commissioner objects or imposes conditions, he is under a duty to give reasons which must be adequate.

assistant: (5)   處長如提出反對或施加條件，便有責任提供理由，而該等理由必需充分。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 11.  In a careful and thorough Statement of Findings, the magistrate found it proved beyond reasonable doubt that the defendants were in possession of all the goods seized for the purpose of sale or trade and, save for a relatively small number of garments, that they bore forged trade marks.

assistant: 11. 裁判官頒發了內容仔細而透徹的裁斷陳述書。 他裁定控方已在無合理疑點下證明各被告人爲售賣或商業用途而管有所有被檢取的貨品，而除了相對地少數的成衣外，該等貨品均附有僞造商標。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Whose mind precisely is the court concerned with in this case?

assistant: 法庭在本案中確實所關注的是誰的思想？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In a number of these decisions, orders for apology were made. The tribunals appear to have made the orders on the assumption that the defendant would be willing to apologise pursuant to the orders.

assistant: 該等案例當中部分涉及作出道歉令，而有關的審裁處似乎是在假設被告人將願意按照命令道歉的基礎上作出該等命令。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: in practice, the application of the principle of “restrictive immunity” by the courts of the SAR would neither prejudice the sovereignty of China nor place China in a position of being in breach of international obligations under the Convention;

assistant: 在實踐中，特區法院適用“限制豁免”的原則，無損我國的主權或使我國違反在公約下的國際義務；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Any person holding a valid HKSAR passport or a valid permanent identity card would already have established his right of abode.

assistant: 任何持有有效的特區護照或有效的永久性居民身分證的人士，其居留權早已確立。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 22.  True it is that legal representation is not permitted at hearings before the Labour Tribunal or the Small Claims Tribunal.

assistant: 22.  不錯，在勞資審裁處或小額錢債審裁處席前的聆訊，不准許聘用法律代表。