billchoa/3036384256-COMP7607-data huggingface dataset:
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The provision is simply designed to provide a safeguard against the initiation of proceedings which have no prospect of success or are otherwise unwarranted.

assistant: 上述條文旨在提供的保障，純粹是防止控方展開沒有勝訴機會或因其他理由而無法支持的法律程序。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As noted on many occasions he had cashed cheques for the appellant and then, on the appellant's instructions, deposited part or all of the sums into Mr Li's bank account.

assistant: 正如上文提到，鄧先生曾多次替上訴人將支票兌現，然後按照上訴人的指示，將全部或部分款項存入李先生的銀行戶口。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: They are proportionate measures and do not impair the very essence of the right in that they provide a judicial mechanism for allowing proper cases to be brought forward.

assistant: 此等命令乃屬相稱的措施，且提供一個讓合適的訟案得以繼續進行的司法機制，因此並無損害有關權利的本質。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: They were present in Hong Kong on the dates of their respective bankruptcy orders.

assistant: 他們在各自的破產令頒佈當日身在香港。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 9. Section 15(2) is not relevant to this appeal.

assistant: 9. 第15(2)條與本宗上訴無關。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: To trace adequately the history of events, the material recently produced must be incorporated.

assistant: 爲了充分追蹤事件的來龍去脈，近期提交的資料必須收納入追蹤範圍之內。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Coping with it requires a strong, straightforward and easily understood law.

assistant: 要對付歧視，便需要強而有力、直截了當和易於明白的法律。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 32. As to immigration law, Ms Li SC took the Court through the maze of Hong Kong and United Kingdom immigration legislation which applied to Hong Kong at various times before 1 July 1997 to make the point that the position of adopted children was recognised in relation to the acquisition of certain immigration rights.

assistant: 32. 有關出入境的法律，資深大律師李女士向本院介紹1997年7月1日以前，在不同時間適用於香港，錯綜複雜的香港和聯合王國的出入境法例，藉此帶出一點：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Shortly stated it is that qua landlord the Government is as free as a private landlord to refuse to modify a lease condition or to name its price for such modification.

assistant: 簡言之，該判決的效力是，身爲業主的政府一如私人業主般，可自由拒絕修改租賃條件或爲作出此修改而定價。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The fact that subsequently, the Tribunal decided to confine NAI 1325 to a claim for damages for the repudiation of the Licence Agreement, leaving the relief in respect of the non-extension claim to NAI 1616, does nothing to support Mr Ho’s argument.

assistant: 即使仲裁庭後來確曾決定將NAI 1325的範圍侷限於就拒絕履行該《特許協議》而提出的損害賠償申索，以及留待在NAI 1616處理就該《特許協議》不獲延長有效期而提出的申索，這事實也無助於支持何先生的論點。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The defendant was not in the business of handling funds and the prosecution was concerned with a one-off transaction.

assistant: 案中被告人並非從事處理資金的業務，而控方只是針對單一次交易。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: No presumption of guilt arises either, since such intention has to be proved and its proof does not of itself establish murder.

assistant: 該法則亦不會產生有罪假定，因爲殺人意圖須予以證明，而證明該意圖本身不足以證實被控人已干犯謀殺罪。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 41.  Thus we have a statute which provides for compensation for injurious affection which will be caused by the reclamation but assumes that this has accrued and can be fully quantified before the reclamation has taken place – indeed, when it may be uncertain whether a reclamation will take place at all.

assistant: 41. 由此可見，本地有一項法規規定須就填海工程將會引致的損害性影響作出補償，但卻假設有關補償在有關填海工程進行之前 — 事實上，在可能仍未肯定究竟會否進行有關的填海工程之時 — 已經產生及完全可以量化。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: interest thereon at the judgment rate from 25 June 1997 until payment;

assistant: 就該金額由1997年6月25日起至付款日爲止按判決利率計算的利息；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Corporate fraud is to-day a matter of major concern which calls for strong regulation of the kind found in ss 142 to 152F of the Ordinance, particularly s 145(3A).

assistant: 今時今日，法團欺詐行爲是深受社會關注的問題，需要受到諸如《公司條例》第142至152F條 — 特別是第145(3A)條 — 一類條文的嚴格規管。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The report went on to note that in “virtually every country … sovereign immunity is a question of international law to be determined by the courts”.

assistant: 該報告並提出指，在「幾乎每一國……主權豁免都是要由法院裁定的國際法問題」。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We think the principle of legal certainty requires that the order spell out with precision, in the same way as would be expected of an injunction, what it is that the person must not do.

assistant: 我等認爲，按照法律確定性原則，該命令必須準確地述明有關人士一定不能做何事，一如人們期望強制令能達到的準確度。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: At least in regard to criminal proceedings, art.87 of our constitution the Basic Law expressly guarantees these two rights in the same sentence.

assistant: 至少就刑事法律程序而言，我們的憲法《基本法》第87條在同一句中明確保證了這兩項權利。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The medical evidence contradicted her claim that an injury to her hand was a burn caused by the oven toaster.

assistant: 上訴人聲稱手部的損傷是被面包烤爐灼傷，但醫療證據與她的聲稱相悖。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: If there were a prospect of such a trial, the court would have jurisdiction to put in place protective measures to ensure that publication of materials arising in the civil proceedings did not prejudice the accused.

assistant: 假如有機會進行刑事審訊，則法庭具有司法管轄權採取保護措施，以確保公佈由民事法律程序產生的資料亦不會使被控人蒙受不利。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As noted above, the Court of Appeal unanimously held that the evidence did not sustain the finding that the obstruction was without lawful excuse.

assistant: 正如上文所述，上訴法庭一致裁定，並無證據支持指示威者在無合法解釋下阻礙公衆地方的裁斷。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In our judgment, the legitimate interests of all concerned calls for a stay - but only a very limited one - of the order for the payment out of court of the Funds.

assistant: 我等認爲，考慮到所有相關人士的合法權益，該項從存於法院的有關款項中支出款項的命令須予擱置（但僅爲極有限度的擱置）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: and (ii) a declaration that the Director must, in exercising his discretionary powers including his powers under sections 13 and 19 of the Immigration Ordinance, take into account the appellants' legitimate expectation of being treated as far as possible in the same way as the abode-seekers who were named parties in Ng Ka Ling's case and Chan Kam Nga's case.

assistant: 以及(ii)宣告處長在行使酌情決定權，包括根據《入境條例》第13條及第19條所賦予他的權力時，必須考慮上訴人的合理期望，即他們大體上可得到在吳嘉玲及陳錦雅兩案中具名當事人的那些居留權申請人所得到的看待。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: There is acute controversy over what really went on between Mr and Mrs Kissel over the years and right up to the time of the fatal incident.

assistant: 對於多年以來以及直到發生致命事件之前Kissel先生和太太之間實際上關係如何，控辯雙方有劇烈爭議。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: He found that the relevant transactions were contained in the agreements between the 2nd to the 5th defendants and the Congo and these transactions were not commercial in nature.

assistant: 他裁定相關交易是載於第二至五被告人與剛果之間的協議中，而這些交易不屬商業性質。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Fourthly, it is important not to confuse related but separate policies with those which properly underlie the operation of maintenance and champerty.

assistant: 第四點，重要的是不要將相關但獨立的政策與各項恰當地作爲強行干預訴訟和分享訴訟成果的運作基礎的政策混爲一談。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The object of this duty is obvious.

assistant: 這項責任的目的顯而易見。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: “   What are the material facts as they emerge from the appellant’s own evidence?

assistant: 「 上訴人本身的證據顯露了哪些關鍵事實？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Those who must principally be deterred are those who import or manufacture the drug or who indulge in its syndicated supply.

assistant: 特別是那些進口、製造或肆意從事集團式供應藥物的人，更是訂立這些刑罰主要阻嚇的對象。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In that case, the limitation was contained in legislation making appeals from the Disciplinary Committee of the Law Society to the Court of Appeal final.

assistant: 該案所涉的限制載於一項法例中，有關條文訂明針對律師紀律審裁組的裁決向上訴法庭提出的上訴乃爲最終上訴。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 38. The appellant could authorize short-term contracts.

assistant: 38.  上訴人有權批出短期合約。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Brown on Defamation (2nd Ed) at §25.3(1.1) at page 25-59;

assistant: Brown on Defamation (第二版) 第25.3(1.1)段，第25至59頁;
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In both cases, the magistrate approached the question of reasonable diligence on the footing that the defendants had to take positive action by making appropriate inquiries if they were to discharge their burden.

assistant: 在兩宗案件中，裁判官是在以下基礎上處理「合理努力」的問題： 各被告人如要履行舉證責任，便須採取積極行動作出適當查詢。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is not, in the ordinary case, in any sense designed to provide a defendant with security for costs against a plaintiff who lacks funds.

assistant: 此舉絕非在通常情況下爲使缺乏資金的原告人向被告人提供訟費保證而設。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In 1993, in United States v Conley\n[183] (which was approved in 2000 in United States v Gray\n[184] and adopted in 1996, in United States v Kramer[185]), a money laundering count charging the conducting of financial transactions (in the plural) by depositing moneys in two accounts was held duplicitous.

assistant: 在一宗1993年的案例United States v Conley[183]（該案於2000年在United States v Gray一案\n[184] 獲贊同，並且於1996年在United States v Kramer一案\n[185] 獲採納），一項洗黑錢罪名指控被告人把多筆款項存入兩個戶口以進行多次金融交易，而法庭裁定該罪名有重疊情況。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The costs of this appeal are to be paid by the respondent to the appellants with an order for legal aid taxation of the costs of those appellants who are on legal aid.

assistant: 本院一致裁定上訴得直，並判答辯人支付各名上訴人本上訴的訟費，並命令獲得法律援助的上訴人的訟費須按《法律援助規則》評定。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This form of claim should be regarded as having been made to the Immigration Department.

assistant: 用這種形式作出聲稱應被視爲是曾向入境事務處作出聲稱。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Nor do we accept the suggestion that the courts are the most appropriate organ of government and that legal analysis the most appropriate means for determining a nation’s state immunity policy.

assistant: 我們亦不同意，決定一個國家的國家豁免政策的最合適的政府機關是法院，或作出這項決定的最合適方法是透過法律分析。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 1. This appeal was heard together with FACV No. 11 of 2011.

assistant: 1.    本上訴是和終院民事上訴2011年第11號一併審理的。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: When she was given a brace for the injury at the Adventist Hospital, he had ripped it off, causing a fresh injury.

assistant: 她到港安醫院求醫，獲給予承託帶，而死者曾把該承託帶扯掉，導致她蒙受新損傷。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Where the Commissioner decides to object or to impose conditions, the reasons given must be sufficient to show that he has properly applied the proportionality test in making his decision.

assistant: 假如處長決定提出反對或施加條件，則他所提供的理由必須足以顯示他在作出該決定時曾正確地運用“相稱性”驗證標準。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 29.  A law which confers discretionary powers on public officials, the exercise of which may interfere with fundamental rights, must give an adequate indication of the scope of the discretion.

assistant: 29.  假如某項法例賦予公務人員酌情權，而該酌情權的行使可能侵擾基本權利，則該項法例便須充分地指明該酌情權的範圍。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Elsewhere the judge referred to the arrangement summarized in para. 95 above and said:

assistant: 林法官在別處提及上文第95段所撮述的安排時表示：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In the absence of a through train, the Preparatory Committee established the PLC with limited functions and for a limited time as an interim measure in order to fill the legislative vacuum before the first Legislative Council in accordance with the Basic Law and the first part of para 6 of the Decision could be formed.

assistant: 在沒有直通車的情況下，籌委會成立的“臨立會”職能有限，而運作的時間亦有限。 “臨立會”只是一暫時性的機構，是填補根據《基本法》及“1990年決定”第6段的第一部分成立第一屆立法會之前出現的立法真空。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The issue in the present case therefore concerns the precise mode and extent of legal representation which should be permitted at the hearing.

assistant: 因此，本案的爭議點涉及在聆訊中應予准許的法律代表的確切形式和程度。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Nevertheless it is not part of the judicial system of the state.

assistant: 然而，它並非國家司法體制的一部分。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: "Where important constitutional rights are at stake, the boundaries of rationality are naturally drawn more tightly, the extent of judicial deference to administrative expertise and convenience being reduced accordingly".

assistant: “如果問題涉及重大的憲法權利，那麼，合理性的範圍界定當然要更加嚴謹，而法庭對行政上的專門知識和合宜性所着意的程度亦得相應減少”。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Appeals are creatures of statutes, whether they be appeals from statutory tribunals to the courts or appeals from lower courts to higher courts.

assistant: 不論是針對法定審裁體的裁決而向法院提出的上訴，還是針對較低級法院的裁決而向較高級法院提出的上訴，上訴都是法規的產物。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Regulation 9 has always barred legal representation in defaulter proceedings.

assistant: 第9條規例一向禁止法律代表出席違紀者處理程序。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: what are the crucial issues and what is the important evidence on them?

assistant: 關鍵的爭議點是什麼？ 就這些爭議點而言，什麼是重要的證據？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 4. This appeal concerns the freedom to travel and to enter Hong Kong guaranteed by art.31 of the Basic Law in respect of a non-permanent resident who had been granted permission to stay with a limit of stay which had not expired.

assistant: 4.  本上訴關乎《基本法》第31條所保證的旅行和入境的自由，以及其與一名獲准在香港逗留、而其逗留期限尚未屆滿的非永久性居民之間的關係。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In determining the effect of those Amendments, it is not the view of the law taken by the legislature in enacting them, whether that was mistaken or not, that matters.

assistant: 在決定該等修訂的效力時，要緊的不是立法機關在制定該等條文時對有關法律所持的看法（不管其是否錯誤）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 10. The respondent's permission to stay in Hong Kong was extended from time to time.

assistant: 10.  答辯人獲准逗留香港的期限不時獲得延長。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The view that the law takes of the rights of the parties in that position is too clear to be disputed.

assistant: 對於身處該境況的各方人士的權利，有關法律觀點十分清晰，無可爭辯。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Order 24 of the Rules of the High Court

assistant: 《高等法院規則》第24號命令
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Meocre Li responded by a letter dated 20 January in which he said:

assistant: 李國榮發出一封日期爲1月20日的信函以作回應，他在信中表示：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The wife, on the other hand, was ordered to transfer to him her interest in shop premises within a month of the transfer of the matrimonial home to her.

assistant: 另一方面，法庭亦命令妻子須在婚姻居所轉予其本人後的1個月內將她在商舖所擁有的權益轉予申請人。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 5. This appeal does not concern the right of abode in Hong Kong of the applicants. Nor that of their father, Mr Syed Pervez HUSSAIN ("the father").

assistant: 5.  本宗上訴並不關乎兩名申請人的香港居留權問題，也不關乎他們的父親 ― Syed Pervez HUSSAIN先生（下稱「父親」）的香港居留權問題。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: But since the identity of the defendant is not in issue in the present case, I will confine myself to a discussion of the first two aspects, the seriousness of the damage and its attributability dealt with in paragraphs (a) and (b).

assistant: 但就本案而言，由於被告人的身分不受爭議，故本席將只討論首兩個方面的知悉，即第(a)和(b) 款所分別訂明的損害嚴重程度以及損害可否歸因於被指構成疏忽的作爲或不作爲。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 28. On 10 July 1997, the Provisional Legislative Council enacted the Immigration (Amendment) (No 3) Ordinance ("the No 3 Ordinance").

assistant: 28. 1997年7月10日，臨時立法會制定《入境（修訂）（第3號）條例》（以下簡稱“第3號條例”）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (iv) they knew or ought to have known that the damage might expose the Bank to liability to third parties;

assistant: (iv) 巴馬丹拿知悉或理應知悉該項損害可能令銀行須對第三者承擔法律責任；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (ii) The time when the physical damage first occurred; following Pirelli and Ketteman;

assistant: (ii) 實質損害最先出現之時（依循Pirelli及Ketteman兩案）；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Composition of the Court of Appeal 57.

assistant: 上訴法庭的組合方式 57.
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: “(1) Each of them used the term ‘Hong Kong nation’ right at the outset of oath-taking:

assistant: “(1)他們分別在開始宣誓時使用‘香港國’一詞：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The issues 92.  Mr Sumption helpfully identified five issues for consideration on this appeal.

assistant: 各項爭議點 92. Sumption先生很有助益地辨識五項爭議點，以便在本上訴中予以考慮。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Article 19(2) provides that the courts of Hong Kong shall have jurisdiction over all cases in Hong Kong, except that the restrictions on their jurisdiction imposed by the legal system and principles previously in force in Hong Kong – in other words, in Hong Kong before the handover – shall be maintained.

assistant: 第19(2)條規定，香港法院除繼續保持香港原有(換句話說，主權移交前的香港) 法律制度和原則對法院審判權所作的限制外，對香港所有的案件均有審判權。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The context in which a statute is to be construed means (as Viscount Simonds said in Attorney General v. Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover \n[1957] AC 436 at p.461) its context in the “widest sense”.

assistant: 用以協助詮釋法規的文意，乃是指該法規的「最廣義」文意（按英國行政司法官Simonds在案例Attorney General v. Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover \n[1957] AC 436第461頁所言）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 4.  While a good deal was said – and had inevitably to be said – about states in the course of the argument, there is another side to the coin which cannot be ignored or downgraded.

assistant: 4.  儘管在本庭上論辯期間，關於「國家」已說了非常多，這也是無可避免的，但事情的反面意見也是不可置之不理或加以貶低。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (3) The issue of 33.7 million new APL shares in exchange for share warrants providing for payment by bankers' draft exercised by AGL subsidiaries Capscore Limited and Citiwealth Investment Limited on 31 December 1990 (the "APL Warrant Conversion").

assistant: (3) 於1990年12月31日發行3,370萬股聯合地產新股，以換取Capscore Limited及開鵬投資有限公司（兩者均是聯合集團的附屬公司）以銀行匯票支付而行使的認股權證（“聯合地產認股證轉換”）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Latin appears to have maintained a firmer hold on international law than it has on our municipal law.

assistant: 相比於對本土法，拉丁語看來對國際法維持了較牢固的影響。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: or   (iii) in relation to any interconnection of the type mentioned in section 36A(3D), secure the connection of any telecommunications service being the subject of its licence to-  (A) any other telecommunications service being the subject of a licence granted under this Ordinance or of an order made under section 39;

assistant: 或 (iii) 就第36A(3D)條所述類型的任何互連，確保將屬其牌照的標的之任何電訊服務連接至下述服務或系統─ (A) 屬根據本條例批給的牌照的標的或根據第39條作出的命令的標的之任何其他電訊服務；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 7.  After the bankruptcy order, Mr Lin attended at the Official Receiver's Office on 7 May 2001 when he was given similar documents including the booklet and signed a similar receipt as Mr Chan.

assistant: 7.  破產令作出後，林先生於2001年5月7日到破產管理署辦事處，一如陳先生般，林先生獲給予類似的文件，包括上述小冊子，並簽署類似的收據。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Differences in legal treatment may be justified for good reason.

assistant: 有充分理據支持下，可以在法律上給予不同的待遇。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This claim is stale;

assistant: 此項申索屬過時；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This is because counsel for the appellant has indicated to this Court that she is no longer arguing that a separate leave application before a single judge is a prerequisite for the making of an order for loss of time, or that without a separate leave application before a single judge, an order for loss of time would be unconstitutional as contravening art. 11(4) of the Bill of Rights, or that an order for loss of time can never be made without first giving an opportunity to be heard to an appellant.

assistant: 這是因爲上訴人的代表大律師已向本院表示她不再爭辯以下各點包括： 必須先另行在單一名法官席前進行上訴許可申請，纔可作出損失時間令；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (b) No building, landscaping or any other works (other than site formation works) shall be commenced on the lot or any part thereof until the Master Layout Plans and the Landscaping Proposals shall have been approved in writing by the Director and once so approved the Master Layout Plans and the Landscaping Proposals shall be signed by the Director and the Grantee and a signed copy thereof shall be deposited at the District Land Office, Tsuen Wan and shall not be amended, varied, altered, modified or substituted for without the prior written approval of the Director and a note of the Director’s approval for such amendment, variation, alteration, modification or substitution shall be deposited at the District Land Office, Tsuen Wan.

assistant: (b) 在有關的總綱發展藍圖及美化環境計劃書獲署長書面批准之前，不得在該地段或其任何部分開展建築、美化環境或其他工程（地盤平整工程除外），而有關的總綱發展藍圖及美化環境計劃書一經如此批准，須由署長及獲批地人簽署，並須在荃灣地政處存放一份具上述簽署的文本，而未經署長事先書面批准，不得修訂、更改、變更、修改或取代有關的總綱發展藍圖及美化環境計劃書，而該等修訂、更改、變更、修改或取代一經批准，則須在荃灣地政處存放一份記錄署長批准該等修訂、更改、變更、修改或取代的摘記。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: They are all minors and were applicants in the judicial review proceedings against the Director of Immigration, the respondent, ("the Director").

assistant: 他們均屬未成年人士，是控告答辯人入境事務處處長（“處長”）的司法覆核程序中的申請人。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Appellant's case in this Court 47. The appellant accepts that misconduct in public office was an offence at common law but contends that it is too vague, uncertain and ill-defined to comply with arts 8, 28 and 39 of the Basic Law and arts 9, 14.2, 15.1 and 26 of the ICCPR.

assistant: 47.  上訴人接納「公職上行爲不當」罪是一項普通法下的罪行，但他爭辯說這項罪行太含糊、不確定和定義不清，以致不符合《基本法》第8、28和39條以及《國際公約》第9、14.2、15.1和26條。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Numerous actions may be commenced and numerous applications issued within each action.

assistant: 他們可能展開無數訴訟以及在每宗訴訟中提出無數申請。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: And the respondents had originally contended that the appropriate course is for the trial court, having declared an offence unconstitutional, to decline jurisdiction to proceed further on any charge alleging that offence, so declining jurisdiction on the basis that such charge alleges an offence unknown to the law.

assistant: 答辯人原本則辯稱，原審法庭在宣告某罪行爲違憲後，適當的做法是拒絕繼續就指稱該罪行的任何控罪而行使司法管轄權，理由爲該控罪所指稱的罪行不爲法律所知。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Each state adopts a regime of state immunity that is consistent with its own interests, in light of its national circumstances as well as foreign policy.

assistant: 每個國家均按照本國國情需要和外交政策，採用符合本國利益的國家豁免制度。