billchoa/3036384256-COMP7607-data huggingface dataset:
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The number of firms licensed for asset management in Hong Kong has actually grown by no less than 17% between end 2007 and end 2008.

assistant: 香港獲發牌從事資產管理業務的商號總數在 2007 年底至 2008 年底期間增加了 17%。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: China Opportunities I would like to take this opportunity to mention the strong economic performance of China which has given tremendous business opportunities to Hong Kong, especially through CEPA (i.e. the Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership) and QDII (i.e. the Mainland’s scheme on Qualified Domestic Institutional Investors).

assistant: 來自中國的機遇 這裡我想談談中國強勁的經濟表現，尤其是在 CEPA(即內地與香港建立更緊密經貿關係的安排)和 QDII(即內地有關合格境內機構投資者的計劃)落實之後，爲香港帶來了大量商機。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We have even seen statements issued by regulators cautioning investors to have regard to the purposes for which these ETFs are designed before deciding whether to invest.

assistant: 此外，也有監管機構發出公佈，促請投資者必須考慮這些 ETF 的設計目的，才決定應否投資。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: the appropriateness of our existing regulatory framework;

assistant: 現行監管架構是否適當；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: we have come a long way over the past ten years since the Tracker Fund was authorised in late 1999;

assistant: 自 1999 年底盈富基金獲認可，已經達十年；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: To raise public awareness of the importance of investor education and to provide timely education messages, we have named January the Investor Education Month.

assistant: 爲使公衆進一步認識投資者教育對投資的重要性，並提供適時的教育信息，我們將 1 月定爲投資者教育推廣月。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: With a view to identify baseline cybersecurity controls, we sent out a questionnaire on the current practices on online trading systems for customer login and notifications.

assistant: 爲了識別出應有的基本網絡保安監控措施，我們就經紀行現時在網上交易系統內的客戶登入和發出通知的做法，進行問卷調查；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We have already discussed this process as a means of accelerating a resolution of regulatory issues with some banks.

assistant: 我們已經與部分銀行討論這程序，藉以加快解決監管事宜。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The Code also makes it clear that banks and firms are responsible for the acts and omissions of their staff and agents.

assistant: 《操守準則》亦清楚述明，銀行及商號須就僱員及代理人的行爲或缺失負責。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The investment potential in this area is therefore tremendous.

assistant: 因此，這方面仍有巨大的投資潛力。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: All in all, the RQFII has been a success story and has grown from strength to strength.

assistant: 總的來說 RQFII 計劃是一個成功的項目，並日益壯大。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We are both an international market and an offshore market of China.

assistant: 我們既是國際市場，也是中國的離岸市場。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The SFC encourages qualified Mainland securities and futures companies to set up subsidiaries (instead of branches) in Hong Kong.

assistant: 香港證監會鼓勵符合條件的內地證券及期貨公司以子公司的形式、而不是分公司的形式、在香港設立分支機構。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: I want to emphasise one aspect of our process that is highly relevant once we have formed a good view of what has happened in each case.

assistant: 我想強調我們在掌握每宗個案的來龍去脈之後的一個相當關鍵步驟。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Without this basic information, we wonder how the investment advisers could assess whether the recommended products were suitable for the clients’ specific circumstances.

assistant: 我們不知道該等投資顧問如何能夠在缺乏這些基本資料的情況下，評估所推介的產品是否切合有關客戶的特定情況。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Corporate actions We can also point to a number of corporate transactions that were terminated or restructured as a result of our recent regulatory actions.

assistant: 企業行動多項企業交易因本會近期的監管行動而被終止或重組。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Good service boils down to meeting the needs of the clients and their specific circumstances.

assistant: 要提供良好的服務，關鍵在於滿足客戶的需要及他們的特定情況。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Once again, let me congratulate all the award recipients for their achievements last year, and I wish you all another bountiful year ahead. Thank you.

assistant: 在此再次恭賀各位得獎者，並祝大家來年同樣成果豐碩！ 謝謝各位。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Under the CEPA IV arrangements signed last year, Mainland fund managers can come to Hong Kong to establish subsidiaries to engage in asset management business.

assistant: 根據去年簽訂的《更緊密經貿關係安排》補充協議四，內地基金經理可以在香港成立附屬公司，以從事資產管理業務。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Taiwan’s financial market has developed substantially over the last two decades.

assistant: 其實，臺灣的金融市場在過去二十多年間已得到重大的發展。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We first came up with the RQFII idea, or rather, the precursor to that idea in 2009, in the middle of the financial crisis.

assistant: 有關 RQFII 計劃的構思，或確切地說是初步想法始於 2009 年，即金融危機爆發期間。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Hong Kong Investment Funds Association Luncheon Ms Julia Leung Deputy Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director, Intermediaries 13 April 2018 Thank you so much for inviting me to this luncheon event hosted by the Hong Kong Investment Funds Association.

assistant: 香港投資基金公會午餐會 梁鳳儀女士證監會副行政總裁兼中介機構部執行董事 2018 年 4 月 13 日 非常感謝主辦方邀請我參加由香港投資基金公會舉行的這個午餐會。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 50. In considering the authorisation of new products, and especially structured products, we consider the interest of investors first.

assistant: 50. 在考慮新產品，尤其是結構性產品的認可時，我們會先考慮到投資者的利益。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Competition among financial centres has always been fierce.

assistant: 金融中心之間的競爭向來非常激烈。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: But as I mentioned earlier, the Mainland is becoming more outward looking. Finance and economics are becoming important and influential tools of Mainland diplomacy.

assistant: 但正如我剛纔所言，內地變得愈來愈外向，而金融及經濟正成爲內地主要而有力的外交工具。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Because of capital account restrictions in the Mainland, cross-selling of funds between the Mainland and Hong Kong is effectively off limits.

assistant: 由於內地實施資本項目管制，在內地與香港兩地之間跨境銷售基金，實際上是困難重重的。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Together with market discipline, our combined efforts would contribute to ensuring Hong Kong’s continued success as an IFC.

assistant: 大家的自律，可以大大補足證監會的監管紀律，再加上市場紀律，我們的共同努力將可確保香港繼續維持國際金融中心的地位。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The collapse of the reference entities underlying these CDOs may result in a significant reduction in the value of the CDOs, which in turn, could have a significant impact on the value of their investment.

assistant: 如果這些抵押債務證券的相關參考機構倒閉，可能會使到這些抵押債務證券的價值大幅下跌，繼而嚴重影響這些投資的價值。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: I like to discuss two challenges of globalisation faced by securities regulators that we should pay more attention to.

assistant: 我希望在此討論證券監管者需加倍注意的兩項源自全球化的挑戰。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: During our lunch, Sandy invited me to be a guest speaker of the EAA’s Continuing Professional Development Scheme, which I readily accepted. But this has again proved that there is no free lunch in this world.

assistant: Sandy當日午飯時，邀請我擔任監管局的“持續專業進修計劃”的主講嘉賓，我義不容辭答應了，但就再一次證明這個世界是沒有免費午餐的。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Directors are the vanguard of a corporate governance renaissance and need to wholeheartedly embrace the principles of good corporate governance practices.

assistant: 董事是企業管治復興運動中的前驅，需全心全意地秉持良好企業管治常規的原則。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As a parent, I know that if I am looking after the children I am very focussed.

assistant: 身爲父親，我知道當我在照顧孩子時，我會非常專注。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: To address the issue of conflicts of interest, a financial planning firm should have systems and controls which look at every aspect of its business, its relationship with clients and carefully consider and ensure that clients’ best interests will not be compromised in all situations.

assistant: 爲了處理利益衝突問題，財務策劃公司應設立制度和監控措施以審視本身業務的每個範疇及與客戶之間的關係，並應深思熟慮以確保客戶的最佳利益無論在甚麼情況下都不會受到損害。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Many major financial centres already have laws and regulations in place to protect the interests of consumers in this regard.

assistant: 在這方面，很多主要金融中心都有相應的法規保護消費者的權益。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Thus, the overriding principle is to act with due skill, care and diligence in the client’s best interest.

assistant: 因此，首要原則是要以適當的技能、小心審慎和勤勉盡責的態度行事，以維護客戶的最佳利益。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We look forward to working together with the Islamic finance community, and contribute to the further growth of the Islamic finance market.

assistant: 我們期待與伊斯蘭金融界□手合作，爲推進伊斯蘭金融市場的發展作出貢獻。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We believe that it’s an area in which we have a position of strength in Asia, and which presents both product providers and investors with opportunities.

assistant: 我們相信，香港在亞洲區內具備發展 ETF 市場的優勢，可爲產品供應商及投資者締造機遇。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: A total of US$21.2 billion was raised here in 2005, with Mainland enterprises accounting for about 84% of this.

assistant: 香港在 2005 年的集資總額是 212 億美元，其中約 84% 是內地企業籌得的資金。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: There remains a worrying level of ignorance around investment products.

assistant: 投資者對於某些投資產品欠缺認識的程度依然令人關注。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: “Before you invest, ask the right questions.” Investors are encouraged to ask the right questions to learn all that they can about an investment product or service before they invest or take up an investment adviser’s recommendation.

assistant: 我們鼓勵投資者就產品的資料和服務，以及投資顧問的建議提出適當的問題，從而掌握所有相關資料，才決定是否投資或接納投資顧問的推介。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 14. So that is what is happening on the international side of things.

assistant: 14. 那正是國際層面上所發生的事宜。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We can provide assistance in three major areas.

assistant: 我們可以在以下的 3 個主要領域提供協助。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The report concludes that Hong Kong is a real contender to become a genuinely global financial centre.

assistant: 該報告在結論中提到香港是在爭奪成爲名副其實的全球金融中心的競賽中不容忽視的競爭對手。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Closer economic ties should enhance diplomatic and cultural exchanges, bind countries closer together, and promote regional peace and prosperity.

assistant: 更密切的經濟連繫將有助增進政治及文化交流、令各國之間更爲團結，以及促進地區和平及繁榮。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: One can easily see how the current ongoing initiatives of RMB internationalisation and capital account opening fit into this picture.

assistant: 我們不難看到，現時的人民幣國際化及開放資本帳措施在當中所發揮的作用。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: and finally a free press.

assistant: 以及新聞自由。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Experience shows that major financial centres have been conscientious in ensuring that their regulatory framework is benchmarked to international standards and best practices.

assistant: 然而，根據過往經驗，世界主要的金融中心都一直盡力確保其監管架構符合國際標準和最佳常規。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As a leading asset management centre in Asia, our fund management industry has an international and offshore flavour.

assistant: 作爲亞洲一個首要的資產管理中心，香港的基金管理業亦具有國際及離岸特色。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: While the volume of such settlement has dramatically increased since Q4 2010 (as at end of Q1 2011, almost 7% of the Mainland’s total trade was settled in its own currency, mostly through Hong Kong) the absolute bulk of all cross border trades has been one-way outward payments of RMB (by Mainland importers). Mainland exporters, on the other hand, have predominantly had to continue accepting USD or other foreign currencies.

assistant: 儘管有關的結算金額自 2010 年第四季大幅飆升（截至 2011 年第一季度，有近 7%的內地總貿易額是以人民幣進行結算的，而大部分經由香港進行），但絕大部分的跨境貿易都是（由內地進口商）單向地對外支付人民幣，反而內地大部分出口商則要繼續收取美元或其他外幣。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Over the past 12 months, RMB rose by more than 6% against USD. Yet logic and experience dictates that this trend cannot continue indefinitely.

assistant: 在過去 12 個月，人民幣兌美元升逾 6%，但憑藉邏輯及過往經驗來判斷，這種升勢肯定不會無休止地持續下去。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: After an inspection, we send a letter of deficiencies to set out the areas which require remedial actions.

assistant: 進行視察後，我們會發出函件，列明缺失所在，提出須作出改善行動的地方。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The duty is to put investors’ interest first, and refrain from unfairly benefiting from their proximity to the market or access to price sensitive information.

assistant: 該受信責任要求他們以投資者的利益爲先，不得以不公平的方式，利用他們接近巿場或可取得股價敏感資料等優勢而謀取利益。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: market capitalisation of the Hong Kong REIT market has grown to HK$67 billion at as end of September 2007, with an average daily turnover of HK$207 million.

assistant: 截至 2007 年 9 月底，香港房地產基金市場的總市值增長至 670 億港元，平均每日成交量達 2 億 700 萬港元。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: They should also ensure that their clients understand the duties, obligations and responsibilities of both parties.

assistant: 投資顧問亦應確保客戶瞭解雙方的職責、義務及責任。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 2. London SE Group includes London Stock Exchange and Borsa Italiana.

assistant: 2.倫敦證券交易所集團由倫敦證券交易所及義大利米蘭證券交易所組成
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In April 2005, IOSCO resolved as a priority to improve enforcement related cross-border cooperation and to fully implement IOSCO Principles.

assistant: 在2005年4月，國際證監會組織議決把促進與執法有關的跨境合作及全面落實國際證監會組織的原則，訂爲首要工作。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: By working very closely with the industry, the Commission issued interim measures in March 2005 that set out practical and concise requirements for all UCITS funds seeking authorisation by the Commission from Luxembourg, Ireland and the UK as UCITS III funds.

assistant: 證監會與業界緊密合作，在2005年3月發出臨時措施，爲所有於盧森堡、愛爾蘭及英國註冊成立的UCITS基金制訂切實可行及簡明的規定，利便他們向證監會申請認可爲UCITS III基金。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In this area our regulatory system places great reliance on the work of sponsors.

assistant: 就這方面而言，我們的監管制度非常倚重保薦人的工作。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: China is now one of the largest trading partners of a growing group of Asian countries, including Japan and Korea.

assistant: 中國目前是一羣增長中的亞洲國家(包括日本及韓國)的最大貿易伙伴之一。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Our framework must remain attractive and our people well-trained and adaptable.

assistant: 我們的框架必須保持吸引力，並積極培訓具備適應能力的人才。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: I hasten to say that while we endeavour to find that right balance, the optimal result is not always easy to come by.

assistant: 然而，要指出的是，即使我們努力地尋找該平衡點，要達到理想效果卻殊不容易。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Of course, there will be an extra compliance cost here in OTC trades going forward, but the good thing is, the different jurisdictions involved are working hard to ensure a broad uniformity of regimes to avoid regulatory arbitrage.

assistant: 當然，日後的場外衍生工具交易將會帶來額外的合規成本，但好處是，不同的司法管轄區正努力不懈，確保制度大體上一致，藉以避免不同監管制度之間的差異遭人利用的情況。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We will provide a conducive environment for home grown issuers and products. We will build a regulatory platform that gives each player room to grow.

assistant: 我們會爲本地發行商及不同產品提供有利的發展環境，致力建立健全的監管環境，讓各市場參與者都有發展空間。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (II) The SFC and the EAA Background

assistant: (II) 兩個監管機構的比較成立背景
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: There is therefore a need to maintain close and regular ties with our counterparts in the PRC.

assistant: 因此，我們必須與內地各對口單位保持密切及定期的聯繫。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Some of this quota was used by our managers to create and launch RMB products in other markets, notably New York and London.

assistant: 當中有部分額度獲本港管理公司用來在其他市場（主要爲紐約及倫敦）開發和推出人民幣產品。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As your regulator, I pledge to work together with you towards achieving this goal.

assistant: 作爲監管機構，我承諾與你們攜手實現這個目標。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In Hong Kong, we are used to asking questions like “What can the Mainland do for me?

assistant: 在香港，我們慣性地問： “內地能爲我們做甚麼？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Sometimes this is through concealment of price sensitive information or falsely stating a fact, for example that parties are independent when they are not.

assistant: 有時，該等公告會隱瞞股價敏感資料，或虛報某項事實，例如指某些人士是獨立人士，但實際上並不是。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese:  to ensure clients understand the prospectus and other relevant documents with plain, simple language explaining the nature of the product, its risks, its advantages and its potential downsides;

assistant: 應以淺白簡單的語言向客戶解釋產品性質、風險、優點及潛在的缺點，以確保客 戶了解章程及其他有關文件；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In 1997, the Commission conducted a thorough revamp of the code to adopt a new and more flexible structure for authorization of funds. This is the UT Code that we are using today.

assistant: 1997年，證監會大幅修訂該守則，以採納一套全新並更具靈活性的基金認可制度，這便是我們今天採用的《單位信託守則》了。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Those investors want and expect high levels of transparency and conduct in making those investments.

assistant: 該等投資者在作出上述投資時均要求及期望有高度的透明度和專業操守。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: and  ASIC’s investigation into superannuation switching advice in 2006 which led to a comprehensive scheme between the advisory firm and ASIC to redress identified problems and their consequences (including financial redress) for over 30,000 retail customers.

assistant: 及澳洲證監會在 2006 年就有關轉移退休金的建議進行調查後，就發現的問題及其 後果，與涉案的顧問公司訂立全面計劃，向逾 30,000 名零售客戶作出補償（包括財務補償）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: I understand that some of you have been lobbying the Mainland authorities to further expand the Hong Kong RQFII quota.

assistant: 據我瞭解，在座有部分人士正努力遊說內地當局進一步擴大香港的 RQFII 額度。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The most important aspect to investor communication is of course for a company to implement a proper disclosure policy so that price sensitive information is disseminated to the market in a fair and efficient manner.

assistant: 與投資者溝通最重要的一環，當然是公司應實施適當的披露政策，讓價格敏感資料能夠公平、有效率地向市場發放。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As a securities regulator, we know that there is a need to set, and encourage compliance with, global standards in regulation, accounting, corporate governance, transparency, and other areas which are critical to the sustained and healthy growth of securities markets.

assistant: 作爲證券監管者，我們知道有需要在監管、會計、公司管治和透明度各方面，以及在其他對證券市場持續及穩健地增長髮揮重要作用的範疇制訂全球性標準，並鼓勵所有市場遵守這些標準。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: With products that have new or innovative features, we have used circulars to clarify that the UT Code provisions could be applied to enable their authorization.

assistant: 對於具有嶄新或創意特點的產品，我們曾發出通函澄清《單位信託守則》內適用的條文，以便該類產品獲得認可。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We have a vibrant offshore RMB market, with the largest pool of RMB liquidity outside the Mainland.

assistant: 香港的離岸人民幣市場發展蓬勃，坐擁了內地以外地區款額最龐大的人民幣流動資金。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In terms of regulating conflicts of interests regarding sell-side intermediaries, we issued a set of guidelines governing the conduct of investment research analysts in early 2005.

assistant: 在監管有關賣方中介人的利益衝突方面，我們在 2005 年年初發表了一套有關監管投資研究分析員操守的指引。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: One key challenge right now is how best to use our finite regulatory resources to deal with the rapid growth in the number of licensed corporations (LCs).

assistant: 我們目前的一大挑戰是如何善用本會有限的監管資源，以處理快速增長的持牌法團的數目。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The Greater Pearl River Delta Development Plan The Pearl River Delta Development Plan (PRDDP) 2008-2020 was unveiled by the National Development and Reform Commission in January this year.

assistant: 大珠三角發展規劃國家發展和改革委員會今年 1 月公佈了《珠江三角洲地區改革發展規劃綱要（20082020 年）》（《珠三角發展規劃》）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Demographics and aspirations Financial planning is no longer the preserve of the wealthy or the ultra wealthy. It is now an issue also for the average investors in Hong Kong.

assistant: 人口概況與個人理想 財務策劃不再僅爲富有或極富有的人士而設，現在也是香港普羅投資者所關心的課題。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 35. On the part of the SFC, we believe in providing an enabling environment that would help to create a critical mass and clusters in terms of players, products and alternative trading platforms.

assistant: 35. 證監會相信，我們的工作是要創造一個能匯聚大量的市場參與者、產品和另類交易平臺的有利環境。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The size of Hong Kong’s combined fund management business at the end of 2005 was more than half (55%) of Hong Kong’s stock market capitalisation at that time.

assistant: 在 2005 年年底，基金管理業務的合併資產總值超過同期香港股市市值的一半 (55%)。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 1. I am pleased to have the opportunity to brief the Honourable Members on our budget.

assistant: 1. 我很高興有機會向各位議員簡介證監會的預算。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Contraventions of securities laws and regulatory requirements, whether stemming from corporate governance lapses, deliberate fraud or otherwise, will not be tolerated and offenders should expect to be brought to justice.

assistant: 違反證券法例及監管規定的行爲，不論是源於公司管治缺失、蓄意的詐騙或其他原因，均不會受到容忍，違規者應預期會受到法律制裁。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Strengthen confidence in brokers

assistant: 強化投資者對經紀行 的信心
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This will significantly enhance our listing regulatory regime and improve the quality of our market. It will also bring the regulatory regime in Hong Kong more in line with international best practice.

assistant: 此舉將會大大加強我們的上市監管制度並提升我們市場的質素，而且亦會令香港的監管制度與國際最佳常規更趨向一致。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The exercise of self-discipline by corporations and market intermediaries means having in place robust risk management and internal control systems which provides the necessary checks and balances to guard against excessive risk-taking.

assistant: 自律是指法團及市場中介人應設立健全的風險管理和內部監控系統，藉當中的制衡措施來避免承擔過高風險。