billchoa/3036384256-COMP7607-data huggingface dataset:
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: A famous expression of this idea is found in art. 29 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948, its general limitation provision.

assistant: 《1948年世界人權宣言》第29條下關於一般限制的條文，對上述觀念作出了廣爲人知的表述。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 20.  Hence, the Court concluded, in answer to the issue of whether Article 73(1) of the Basic Law mandated the exercise of jurisdiction by the Hong Kong courts to ensure compliance with the Rules of Procedure of Legco (“the Rules of Procedure”) in its legislative processes, that:

assistant: 20.  因此，在解答有關《基本法》第七十三條第一款是否規定香港法庭須行使司法管轄權，以確保立法會在其立法過程中遵守《立法會議事規則》(“《議事規則》”)的問題時，終審法院的結論是：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The judicial oath in Hong Kong is to uphold the constitution, safeguard the law and administer justice.

assistant: 香港法官就任時的司法誓言是要擁護憲法、維護法制和主持正義。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Indeed, in the present case, the Tribunal is satisfied not only that this is a proper and permitted approach under s.12 but also that it is the approach to the problem of valuation most likely to result in a correct valuation.”

assistant: 事實上，在本案中，審裁處不但信納這是恰當並獲第12條容許的處理方式，而且信納這是最有可能達致正確估價的處理方式。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is a section which empowers the Appeal Committee to exercise the power vested in the Court to hear and determine leave applications.

assistant: 該條款授權上訴委員會行使終審法院所具有的聆訊及決定是否接納上訴許可申請的權力。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: However, it urged its members to maintain the regime, and threatened those members who did not comply with sanctions, including expulsion from the Union.

assistant: 該工會承認出現該等情況，但仍呼籲其會員繼續進行該項計劃，更威脅會制裁不參加的會員，包括開除其會籍。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: They do not adopt the correct approach to interpreting Art 35 and consequently fail to interpret it in the context of the Basic Law’s evident purposes which involve laying the constitutional foundations for the exercise of the judicial power in the HKSAR.

assistant: 他們沒有采取正確的方式來詮釋第35條，結果未能在顧及《基本法》的明顯目的 — 即是爲了在香港特區行使司法權而奠定憲制基礎 — 這背景下詮釋第35條。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Interpretation of a law, even of a constitution, is the business of the courts, being an incident of the adjudication of cases.

assistant: 解釋法例（甚或憲法）是法庭的份內工作，屬審理案件的其中一環。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: but it does not follow that, in determining that issue, evaluation of the nature of the damage is irrelevant.

assistant: 但這並不表示在裁決該問題時，對損害性質的評估並無關係。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Having regard to the conclusions reached on the Interpretation, since 1 July 1997 the time of birth limitation has been constitutional and the scheme that has prevailed since then and prevailed in February 1999 was the original scheme.

assistant: 考慮到該項解釋所得出的結論，出生時間限制自1997年7月1日起一直合憲，以及自上述日期起（及於1999年2月）一直以原本計劃爲準。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: All of this must be accommodated within the standard of review.

assistant: 所有這些事都必須在覆覈准則的範圍內予以調和。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: For such evidence to have the relevance suggested, it must be logically probative of some fact in issue relating to the defences of self-defence or provocation.

assistant: 該等證據必須在邏輯上對於某些關乎「自衛」或「受到挑釁」的免責辯護的受爭議事實具有舉證價值，方可具有所提議的相關性。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Question 3 E.

assistant: 問題3 E.
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: An appeal against a District Court conviction lies to the Court of Appeal.

assistant: 針對區域法院的定罪判決的上訴，須向上訴法庭提出。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The applicants also place some reliance on the Registration of Persons Ordinance, Cap. 177 and the regulations made thereunder.

assistant: 申請人亦依據《人事登記條例》（第177章）及有關的規例作出爭辯。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 15. Some of these functions of the village representative are relevant only to indigenous villagers.

assistant: 15. 上述的村代表職能中，有部份只與原居村民有關。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 2. It is stipulated in the first three categories of Article 24(2) of the Basic Law of the [HKSAR] of the [PRC] that the "permanent residents of the HKSAR shall be:

assistant: 二、 [《基本法》]第24(2)條前三項規定，“[香港特區]永久性居民爲：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: What section 31 addresses is the question of when the plaintiff first acquired knowledge of the matters which he has since been able to set out in his pleadings.

assistant: 第31條所處理的問題，是原告人何時最先對於他後來可在狀書中列出的各個事項獲得知悉。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: He too acknowledged receiving the booklet when he attended the Official Receiver on 7 May 2001.

assistant: 2001年5月7日，他前往破產管理署，亦認收了上述小冊子。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In other words, such facts become “facts of state” binding on the courts, leaving the courts to determine their legal consequences and to decide the case on such basis.

assistant: 換言之，這些事實成爲對法院有約束力的“事實狀況”，而法院便是要決定這些“事實狀況”的法律後果，並以此作爲判決案件的依據。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Is it not true that the direct use prohibition in the present case was enacted because such use of compulsorily obtained evidence would be unfair?

assistant: 本案所涉及的禁止直接使用，是否因爲直接使用強制地取得的證據屬不公平而制定？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: And the Court has had the benefit of the rival submissions of Ms Cheng and Lord Pannick on them.

assistant: 而鄭女士與Lord Pannick就這些案例作出對立的陳詞對本院很有幫助。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 5. The ICAC applied for the striking out of Mr Fok's Statement of Claim and the dismissal of his action.

assistant: 5. 廉署申請剔除申請人的申索陳述書和撤銷他的訴訟。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (2000) 3 HKCFAR 144 that statutory interpretation is holistic and purposive.

assistant: (2000) 3 HKCFAR 144案作出判決後，以下原則已相當清楚：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 2. Throughout history, residents in Hong Kong have had family ties in the rest of China.

assistant: 2. 一直以來，香港居民與中國其他地區的居民都有家庭聯繫。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: And at pp 804J-805A, Mortimer VP spoke of “the overwhelming intention of the Basic Law – and the Joint Declaration which was its genesis – to provide for the continuity of the legal system and the law”.

assistant: 而副庭長馬天敏在第804頁J-805頁A，談到「《基本法》（以及它的起源《聯合聲明》）的確切不過的用意，是爲法律制度及法律的延續訂定條文」。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Since the appellants needed some time to prepare their submissions in support of that contention of theirs, we directed that the rival submissions thereon be put in writing in accordance with the time-table which we laid down.

assistant: 由於上訴人需時預備陳詞以支持該項指稱，我等指示就此提交各方的對立陳詞，按我等定下的時間表以書面形式呈述。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: They allow for the extension of non-renewable leases without premium and the granting of new leases at a premium and a nominal rent for terms expiring not later than 30 June 2047.

assistant: 該等條文准許無續期權利的租契在不補地價下續期及新租契在繳納地價和名義租金下批出，而租期不超過2047年6月30日。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: One case (Wislang v. Medical Practitioners Disciplinary Committee \n[1974] 1 NZLR 29) is cited as a case which might be seen as going the other way.

assistant: 另一宗案例（Wislang v Medical Practitioners Disciplinary Committee \n[1974] 1 NZLR 29��則獲援引爲可視作與該觀點背道而馳的案例。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: I shall seek to explain the reasons for this conclusion as follows.

assistant: 本席現將試圖解釋本席爲何得出這個結論。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: They are the individuals who have commercial transactions with states. And the justice due to them is being able to bring such transactions before the courts.

assistant: 他們是與國家有商業交易的個人，而他們應得的公正，就是能夠把該種交易帶到法院席前。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Lack of consent is not, on the facts of this case, ground for setting aside the bind-over.

assistant: 根據涉案事實，上訴人不能以沒有同意爲由而將有關籤保作廢。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (2) those who had applied for legal aid and were referred to the Immigration Department with a request that if the Director of Immigration decided to remove any of them, the Legal Aid Department should be informed;

assistant: (2)一些曾申請法律援助，後來被轉介到入境事務處的人。 轉介時附帶一個要求，就是如果入境事務處處長決定把他們之中任何人遣送離境，應通知法律援助署；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (4) Period 4 - those who arrived between 30 January and 26 June 1999, the day on which the Interpretation issued and the government announced the Concession.

assistant: (4) 第4期 在1999年1月30日至1999年6月26日期間抵港的人士（1999年6月26日是公佈該解釋的日期，也是政府宣佈寬免政策的日期）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In R v Johnstone, the defendant was charged with selling bootleg compact discs and audio cassettes claiming that, having taken advice from a reputable trade mark attorney, he believed this to be lawful.

assistant: R v Johnstone案中的被告人被控售賣盜版光碟及錄音帶，但他聲稱自己在聽取一名信譽良好的商標代理人的意見下相信涉案行爲是合法的。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (b)   There is no basis in law for holding that the 1st defendant has waived its immunity before the courts of the HKSAR.

assistant: (b)   毫無法律依據以裁定第一被告人已於香港特區法院席前放棄其豁免。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: But none of that operates with the objective of depriving the state of the right to keep him in custody. The objective is of course to avoid any undue inroad into his liberty through his appeal being rendered nugatory or unacceptably less valuable by the excessive passage of time.

assistant: 法官准予保釋的目的絕不是剝奪國家羈押囚犯的權利，而當然是避免他的自由在其上訴因時間過久而意義盡失或價值低得不能接受的情況下受到不當的侵犯。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (3) the government would assess the implications on the various services on the community;

assistant: (3) 政府會評估判決對社會上各類服務所帶來的影響；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Subject to the point that appeals against jury verdicts are attended by the added difficulty arising out of the fact that juries do not give reasons for their verdicts, it is worth noting that, as Viscount Birkenhead LC said in The Volute \n[1922] 1 AC 129 at p.144, "the question of contributory negligence must be dealt with somewhat broadly and upon common-sense principles as a jury would probably deal with it".

assistant: 誠然，就陪審團裁決而言，由於陪審團不會就其裁決交代理由，故此處理針對陪審團裁決的上訴倍加困難。 但除此以外，亦須注意英國司法大臣Birkenhead子爵在The Volute \n[1922] 1 AC 129一案第144頁所言，“處理涉及共分疏忽的問題時，必須按照較爲寬鬆及合乎常理的原則，就像陪審團頗有可能採取的做法”。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Inconsistency is always a possibility when different tribunals have jurisdiction to decide the same issue.

assistant: 當不同的仲裁庭均具有司法管轄權就同一爭議點作出判決時，常有可能出現不一致的判決。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Those acts were performed in the context of Iraq’s intervention in commercial litigation in which its national airline was involved.

assistant: 伊拉克介入涉及其國家航空公司的商業訴訟，該等行爲是在此情況下作出的。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: These aspects of Art 35 do not bear on the issues in this appeal and nothing said in this judgment is intended in any way to affect the free-standing vigour of those rights.

assistant: 第35條的這些方面與本宗上訴所涉的爭議點無關，而本席在本判案書所言，亦絕對無意對該等權利的獨立而強大的力量造成影響。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 6. On 7 November 2002 the Court of Appeal (presided over by Stuart-Moore VP sitting with Stock JA and Gall J) affirmed the appellant's convictions.

assistant: 6.  2002年11月7日，上訴法庭（由上訴法庭副庭長司徒冕主審，並與上訴法庭法官司徒敬及原訟法庭法官高嘉樂一同審理）裁定維持上訴人的各項定罪判決。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The 2nd appellant appeared in person, having declined legal aid representation.

assistant: 第二上訴人則拒絕由法律援助署委派代表，親身應訊。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (2) Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression;

assistant: (二) 人人有發表自由之權利；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It was unanimously held that the bank, which had been created as a separate legal entity with no clear expression of intent that it should have governmental status, was not an emanation, arm, alter ego or department of the State of Nigeria and was therefore in no position to rely on state immunity.

assistant: 上訴法院一致裁定，該銀行是以一個分開的法律實體而設立，並沒有清楚意向表明它應有政府身分，它不是尼日利亞國家的分支、職能分部、替代人或部門，因此不能依賴國家豁免。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The other members of the House of Lords hearing that appeal saw it differently.

assistant: 審理該宗上訴的上議院其他成員則持不同見解。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 24.  At the conclusions of submissions made on behalf of the appellants (the 1st to 4th respondents in the underlying proceedings), the Court dismissed the appeals with costs.

assistant: 24.  在代表各名上訴人（下級法庭的法律程序中的第一至第四答辯人）的大律師陳詞完畢後，本院駁回本上訴及命令各名上訴人支付訟費。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As Handley puts it:

assistant: 正如Handley所言：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: None of the arguments in these appeals have made me think it appropriate to depart from what was said in Ng Ka Ling v. Director of Immigration (1999) 2 HKCFAR 4 regarding the Court’s duty to refer a Basic Law provision to the Standing Committee for an interpretation.

assistant: 本上訴案中的論辯，無一令本席認爲偏離吳嘉玲對入境事務處處長(1999) 2 HKCFAR 4案中所說的話是適當的。 該番話是關於本法院請常務委員會對《基本法》條款作出解釋的責任。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As was pointed out in the course of argument, litigation is now conducted on the basis that each party’s evidence is revealed well before the trial takes place so that the parties can present the full picture and, hopefully, a just result can be achieved.

assistant: 正如在訴訟雙方提出辯據期間所指出，現今進行訴訟的基礎是每一方均於審訊進行前很久便透露其證據，使各方都能徹底地表述案情，並希望藉此得出公正的結果。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Lamer CJC concluded that the mandatory life sentence with the mandatory minimum periods of ineligibility for parole were not unconstitutional, stating :

assistant: 加拿大首席法官Lamer斷定，附帶強制性的不符合假釋資格的最低期限的強制性終身監禁刑罰並無違憲，並表示：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Can there ever be a remedy for the party who opposed departure from the earlier consensus?

assistant: 在此情況下，反對偏離較早前的共識的一方究竟可否尋求任何補救？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The matters relevant to the drawing of such an inference are

assistant: 下列是與作出上述推論有關的事項：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Being an inalienable part of China, if the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region were to adopt the principle of “restrictive immunity”, the consistent position of China in maintaining absolute immunity would be open to question.

assistant: 鑑於香港特別行政區是我國不可分離的部分，因此，如果香港特別行政區採用“限制豁免”原則，將導致我國一貫堅持絕對豁免的立場受到質疑。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It seems plain that we must give such a meaning to the term "class" as will prevent the section being so worked as to result in confiscation and injustice, and that it must be confined to those persons whose rights are not so dissimilar as to make it impossible for them to consult together with a view to their common interest."

assistant: 顯然易見，我們賦予“類別”一詞的解釋，必須能避免該條文造成掠奪權益和不公義的結果； 該字眼涵蓋的範圍，顯然須侷限於權利差異並非太大、以致無法爲了共同利益而商議協作的人士。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 10. On 18 September 1993 the inspector's report was published in an abridged form and sent to the police and to the SFC.

assistant: 10.  當局於1993年9月18日以簡報形式發佈上述審查員報告，並將之送交警方及證監會。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The No 3 Ordinance as severed introduced a scheme whereby their status as permanent residents can only be established by their holding a certificate of entitlement and, without it, they are regarded as not enjoying the right of abode.

assistant: “分割後的第3號條例”引進一個計劃。 根據這個計劃，他們只可藉持有居留權證明書，才能確立他們永久性居民的身分；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: At the very least, the appellant must have foreseen, as a possible incident of that joint enterprise, a lethal attack by Wu on the victim after he, having himself attacked the victim, changed places with Wu and handed Wu a stone when Wu announced that the hammer had broken and asked him for a bar or wooden pole.

assistant: 最低限度，當上訴人本人襲擊受害人之後，而當胡氏宣稱錘子已折斷和叫上訴人拿來一根棒或木棍之後他與胡氏交換位置並交給胡氏一塊石頭的時候，作爲可能附帶於該項共同計劃的事件，他必曾預見到胡氏會對受害人作出致命襲擊。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This is somewhat odd since the argument was directed at the enforceability or otherwise of the MoA, a question obviously relevant to Mr Seeberger’s case but not self-evidently relevant to Egana, which is not a party to that agreement and is not being sued on it.

assistant: 此舉有點奇怪，因爲該爭議點是針對該《協議備忘錄》可否予以強制執行的問題而提出，此問題顯然與史璧加先生的案情相關，但卻非顯而易見地與聯洲國際有關，因爲聯洲國際既非該協議的一方，亦非根據該協議被訴。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: An appeal in May 2007 against the Shenzhen Intermediate People’s Court’s order of dismissal also failed.

assistant: 她不服深圳市中級人民法院頒令駁回她的申請，於2007年5月提出上訴，但亦被駁回。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This may not have been fully appreciated by the Court of Appeal, although it recognised that the two aspects were closely interrelated.

assistant: 上訴法庭雖然認同兩者密切相連，但可能未曾充分體察上述情況。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The question is whether they can validly seek to define the region’s state immunity policy in a manner at variance with that of the nation.

assistant: 問題的核心是： 法院能否有效地試圖以一個與國家的政策不相符的方式來界定特區的 國家豁免政策。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (1) he was in Hong Kong during the period between 1 July 1997 and 29 January 1999;

assistant: (1) 在1997年7月1日至1999年1月29日期間在香港；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (1) public statements made by senior government officials both before and after the two judgments;

assistant: (1) 政府高級官員在本院作出該兩項判決之前或之後作出的公開聲明；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In any event, it might very well be that, even if, contrary to this conclusion, the Director of Immigration could lawfully exercise his discretionary powers in favour of this class of claimants, he would be entitled to decide that their expectation, arising as it does only from general statements made by or on behalf of the government, is overridden by the overwhelming force of the immigration policy which underlies the legislation validated by the Interpretation.

assistant: 無論如何，即使根據相反的結論，如入境事務處處長可合法地行使其酌情決定權對這類聲稱人作出有利的決定，他也有權去決定入境政策凌駕於這類聲稱人的期望之上。 他們的期望只是因政府或官員代表政府作出的一般陳述而起，而入境政策是該解釋所認可之法例的基礎，其法律效力自不可推翻。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: See Cave v. Robinson Jarvis & Rolf at 589F-593F where the English position is traced.

assistant: 參閱案例Cave v. Robinson Jarvis & Rolf第589頁F行至593頁F行，當中法院回顧當時英國的有關情況。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (ii) leave to serve an originating summons and the order on the Congo out of the jurisdiction;

assistant: (ii) 在本司法管轄權範圍外向剛果送達原訴傳票和有關命令的許可；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: \n[8] CFI Judgment at [46], affirmed by the Court of Appeal in the CA Judgment at [41].

assistant: \n[8] 原訟法庭判案書第46段，上訴法庭在上訴法庭判案書第41段予以確認。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: “The present practice of [the Medical Council] is that after hearing all evidence and submissions the Legal Adviser will give his advice on the legal issues before [the Medical Council] retires to consider the judgment.

assistant: “[醫務委員會]現行做法是在聽取所有證據及陳詞後，由[醫務委員會]法律顧問就法律問題提供意見，[醫務委員會]繼而退席考慮裁決。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (ii) a British subject by naturalisation in Hong Kong;

assistant: (ii) 憑在香港入籍而成爲英籍人士的人；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It will be of no general legal interest. But where the true construction of a standard clause is in dispute, the resolution of the question of construction involved will be a matter a general legal interest ?

assistant: 然而，假如一項標準條文的真正解釋受到爭議，則解決所涉的釋義問題便會涉及一般法律權益，有時更會涉及重大的一般法律權益。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The speech involved was commercial rather than political speech, and the restriction thereon was necessary for the protection of public health.

assistant: 有關言論屬商業性質而非政治言論，且爲保障公衆健康而有必要受到相關限制。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 38. But with rapid change coming to the New Territories in the last few decades of the 20th century, economic and social forces have resulted in mobility.

assistant: 38. 然而，在20世紀末的數十年裏，新界經歷了急速的改變，在經濟及社會因素影響下，人口出現流動。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (1) Whether the court has the power under s.72(4)(b) to make an order for an apology against an unwilling defendant.

assistant: (1)法庭是否有權根據第72(4)(b)條命令一名不情願的被告人道歉？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Question (2)(a) - Was there a breach of the right to protection against self-incrimination or the right to silence?

assistant: 第(2)(a)條問題 — 有否違反免使自己入罪或保持緘默的權利？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Two standards of proof 61.

assistant: 兩種舉證標準 61.
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Are absolute immunity and restrictive immunity questions of law for the court?

assistant: 絕對豁免和限制性豁免是否須由法院處理的法律問題？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Plainly the substance of a legal doctrine is to be found not merely in its theoretical formulation but in its practical application pursuant to such formulation.

assistant: 一項法律原理的實質內容顯然並非僅存於其理論性闡述，而是亦存於按照該闡述作出的實際應用。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (5) Those applicants who arrived prior to 29 January 1999 have a legitimate expectation that, provided they could satisfy the conditions contained in the Concession, they would be treated as if they were parties to the judgments in Ng Ka Ling and Chan Kam Nga.

assistant: (5) 於1999年1月29日之前抵港的申請人有一合理期望，就是他們只要符合該寬免政策所規定的條款，便會受到如吳嘉玲及陳錦雅兩案當事人所得判決一樣的看待。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In my respectful view, the Judge had erred in the exercise of his discretion under s.61(2)(b) of Cap. 179.

assistant: 本席謹認爲，原審法官在行使第179章第61(2)(b)條下的酌情權方面犯了錯。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The two areas of law intersect, however, when non-disclosure by the prosecutor results in an unsafe or unsatisfactory conviction, a material irregularity or miscarriage of justice.

assistant: 不過，當涉及檢控員不履行披露責任而導致定罪有欠穩妥或審訊出現重大不當之處或司法不公時，上述兩個範疇的法律便匯聚一起。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 19.  The offence might of course have been drafted so as to require the prosecution to establish one of the three conditions beyond reasonable doubt.

assistant: 19. 誠然，草擬該項罪行時，大可規定控方須在無合理疑點下確立該三項條件中的任何一項。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 12. The Court of Appeal's attention was concentrated on the scope of the trial Judge's residual discretion to exclude the confessions which should have been held to be voluntary.

assistant: 12.  上訴法庭集中探討原審法官的剩餘酌情權範圍，即法官在何等範圍內有權決定豁除原應被裁定爲屬自願作出的供認。