billchoa/3036384256-COMP7607-data huggingface dataset:
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: China also does not accept any foreign courts having jurisdiction over cases in which the State of China is sued as a defendant, or over cases involving the property of the State of China. The regime of state immunity concerns the foreign policy and overall interests of the state, and the above-mentioned state immunity regime adopted by China uniformly applies to the whole state, including the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

assistant: 我國法院不管轄以外國國家爲被告或針對外國國家財產的案件，也不接受外國法院管轄以我國國家爲被告或針對我國國家財產的案件。 國家豁免制度關係到國家的外交政策和整體利益，我國採用的上述國家豁免制度統一實行於全國，包括香港特別行政區。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is however also accepted that until 1971, no condition limiting his stay in Hong Kong had been imposed.

assistant: 但同樣獲接納的是，1971年以前，入境處不曾施加任何條件限制父親留港的期限。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The question of whether the state immunity available in the courts of Hong Kong today extends to commercial transactions is a question of common law which the Court can and must decide.

assistant: 今天在香港法院所可得到的國家豁免是否引伸適用於商業交易的問題，是普通法上的問題，是本法院能夠而且必須決定的問題。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: If what little has been put before the court discloses any mater in the owner’s favour, the court will naturally take such matter into account for what it is worth.

assistant: 假如已提交法庭的小量資料透露任何對物主有利的事宜，則法庭自然會將該等事宜加入考慮。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: “bound by its own decision(s) when that previous decision(s) was influenced or itself bound by a Privy Council decision(s), which has since been either overtaken and/or developed and/or departed from?

assistant: “假如上訴法庭的一項或多項先前裁決是在受到樞密院的一項或多項裁決影響或約束下作出，而後來該一項或多項樞密院裁決已被新進展取代及/或已有新發展及/或已遭背離，則上訴法庭是否仍然受其本身的該一項或多項先前裁決約束？
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As Acting President Steyn of the Court of Appeal of Lesotho put it in Seeiso v. Minister of Home Affairs 1998 (6) BCLR 765 (LesCA) at p.777 G-H, a “vigilant court” would not sustain such assertions unless they are supported by evidence which “can be evaluated” by the court.

assistant: 正如萊索托上訴法院署理庭長Steyn在案例Seeiso v. Minister of Home Affairs 1998 (6) BCLR 765 (LesCA) 第777頁G至H指出，一個“保持警覺的法庭”不會支持上述一類聲稱，除非該等聲稱得到法庭“可以評估”的證據支持，才作別論。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: a few weeks later she applied in Shenzhen to stay the husband’s proceedings there. This was dismissed.

assistant: 數星期後，她向深圳法院申請擱置丈夫在深圳的法律程序。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Introduction 91.

assistant: 引言 91.
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As concluded above, by criminalising desecration of the national and regional flags, the statutory provisions in question constitute a limited restriction on the right to freedom of expression. The aims sought to be achieved are the protection of the national flag as a unique symbol of the Nation and the regional flag as a unique symbol of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in accordance with what are unquestionably legitimate societal and community interests in their protection.

assistant: 正如前文結論所述，本案所涉及的法定條文將侮辱國旗及區旗列爲刑事罪行是對發表自由的權利施加一種有限度的限制，所要達致的目的是保護作爲國家獨有象徵的國旗，以及作爲香港特別行政區獨有象徵的區旗，以符合保護這些旗幟爲社會及社區帶來無可置疑的合法利益。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: the fact that the appellant asked his factory manager to investigate the matter when he returned to the Mainland;

assistant: 上訴人返回內地後要求工廠經理調查該事件這個事實；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The plaintiffs were holders of long leases who instituted proceedings against the Council alleging negligence in allowing the builders to construct the block on deficient foundations. The matter went before the House of Lords on a preliminary issue on limitation.

assistant: 原告人是長期租契的持有人，他們針對被告人議會提起法律程序，指稱議會因容許建造商在欠妥的地基上建造該幢樓宇而有所疏忽。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: We are not concerned with the exceptions in s.61(1) (which deals with the situation where there was no subsisting marriage) or s.61(2)(a) (which refers to two situations where there was no sufficient steps taken to notify the other party or no opportunity to take part in the overseas proceedings).

assistant: 在本案，我等無須審視第61(1)條所訂的例外情況（其涉及並無婚姻關係存續的情況）或第61(2)(a)條所訂的例外情況（其涉及兩個情況： 一方未有采取充分步驟通知另一方，或另一方未獲得參與有關外地法律程序的機會）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (1) The validity of a divorce or legal separation obtained outside Hong Kong shall not be recognized in Hong Kong if it was granted or obtained at a time when, according to the law of Hong Kong (including its rules of private international law and the provisions of this Part), there was no subsisting marriage between the parties.

assistant: (1)  對於在香港以外地區獲准的離婚或合法分居，如在批出或獲准時，按照香港法律（包括其國際私法規則及本部的條文）雙方之間並無婚姻關係存續，則該項離婚或合法分居的有效性在香港不得予以承認。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: D(v) Whether the statutory purposes were exceeded 65.

assistant: D(v)　是否已超越法定目的 65.
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The next morning he felt “quite disoriented”, unable to recall much of what happened after 4 pm the previous day.

assistant: 翌晨，他覺得「頗迷惘」，對於前一天下午4時後發生過的事，他大部分都無法想起。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Likewise, I refrain from setting out the relevant provisions of the Basic Law and the BOR as they are set out in my judgment in that case.

assistant: 同樣，本席已在該案判案書詳列《基本法》及《香港人權法案》的相關條文，在此不再重列。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: And the 10% cap set by paragraph (b) serves the policy of affordable housing whether income is rising, stable or falling.

assistant: 不論收入水平是上升、保持穩定還是下降，第(b)段所設定的百份之十上限均符合提供市民有能力負擔的房屋這項政策。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is no wonder that Lord Bramwell described malice as 'that unfortunate word':

assistant: 難怪Bramwell勳爵將“惡意”一詞形容爲“這個不恰當的字眼”：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 408 US 104 (1971) is instructive.

assistant: 408 US 104 (1971年) 提供了有用的指示。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is legal advice or the lack of it in conjunction with facts in their ordinary sense that brings about the plaintiff’s damage in many cases concerned with a solicitor’s negligence.

assistant: 在許多涉及律師疏忽的案件中，原告人蒙受的損害是由法律意見或缺乏法律意見加上具一般含義的事實所引致。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: "(1) There had been falsification of charge(s) and making of unfounded accusations.

assistant: “（1） 誣揑罪名，橫加無影之罪。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: What the Husband did after he had obtained the Shenzhen Divorce is also telling against him on what he had really intended to do all along.

assistant: 關於丈夫由始至終的真正意圖，他在獲得該項深圳離婚後所做的事也是對他不利。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Usually an oral hearing would be held, although written submissions could be called for beforehand.

assistant: 法庭通常會進行口頭聆訊，但亦可事先要求與訟各方提交書面陳詞。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This letter described the dispute as an issue “not just for Cathay” but also “for the whole of Hong Kong SAR”.

assistant: 他在信中形容該宗糾紛是“不僅關乎國泰”的事，亦是“關乎整個香港特區”的事。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: So that, in certain circumstances, a departure from literal equality would be a legitimate course and, indeed, the only legitimate course.

assistant: 因此，在某些情況下，偏離徹底平等會是合情合理的做法，甚或確實會是唯一合情合理的做法。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Her ultimate objective was - and is - a rent reduction.

assistant: 她提起司法覆核法律程序，由始至今都是以減租爲最終目標。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Alongside felony-murders generally, the common law recognized as a specific class of "malice aforethought" the intention to inflict grievous bodily harm :

assistant: 除了一般的重刑罪 — 謀殺罪外，普通法亦承認使他人身體嚴重受傷的意圖屬於特定類別的“預懷惡意”：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (ii) if he thinks fit, furnish a copy thereof, on request and on payment of the fee appointed ......\n to any person who is a member of the company ......\n or whose interests as a creditor of the company ......\n appear to the Financial Secretary to be affected;

assistant: (ii) 如認爲合適，可於有關人士提出請求及繳付……所指定的費用後，向公司的任何成員、……或財政司司長覺得權益受到影響的公司的任何債權人……，提供該份報告；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: As recorded in its judgment, the appellant relied in mitigation on the circumstances leading him to commit the offence.

assistant: 根據判案書記錄，上訴人依賴導致其干犯控罪的情況爲求情理由。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 40.  In Re Spectrum Plus Ltd Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead pointed out (at p.694 F) that the decision in Re Manitoba Language Rights involved having regard to “unwritten postulates such as the principle of the rule of law”.

assistant: 40.  在Re Spectrum Plus Ltd案中，Nicholls of Birkenhead勳爵指出（見該案彙編第694頁F行），法庭在Re Manitoba Language Rights案中的判決提到須顧及“像法治原則這些不成文的基本原理”。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Although, in their evidence, the officers of the ICAC denied the appellant's allegations, the judge ruled that the prosecution had not satisfied her that the appellant made the recordings of his own free will.

assistant: 雖然廉署人員在作供時否認上訴人的指稱，但法官裁定控方未能令她信納上訴人自願作出該等會面紀錄。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: There was only a voluminous collection of statements and other documents in the Listing Division’s Report and argumentative replies from the respondents.

assistant: 唯一存在的只是結集在上市科報告書中的大量陳述書和其他文件，以及答辯人所作的爭論性答覆。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Yet it has not been considered necessary to change s.357 or the definition of “company” in s.2(1).

assistant: 然而，第357條或第2(1)條下“公司”的定義未被認爲有必要改變。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: “even if successful, this does not [necessarily] mean financial success”.

assistant: “即使成功，這並不 [一定]意味著經濟上的成功”。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: On 10 January 1997, the Director wrote to the Developers threatening to forfeit the lease on the grounds that the building covenant periods had expired while the Developers had not even obtained approval to their MLP.

assistant: 署長於1997年1月10日致函衆發展商，威脅沒收租賃，理由爲建築契諾期已屆滿，而衆發展商的總綱發展藍圖甚至仍未獲批准。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Any legislation passed by it would only be valid if it satisfied the common law doctrine of necessity.

assistant: 任何經“臨立會”通過的法例必先符合普通法的“必需原則”方爲有效。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Kensland now appeals to this Court, seeking the reinstatement of its action.

assistant: Kensland現向本院提出上訴，尋求重開它的訴訟。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 24.  In some circumstances the doctrine of necessity is involved as a source of jurisdiction, and confers on the court powers that are exceptional to the point of being anomalous.

assistant: 24.  在某些情況下，必要性原則構成司法管轄權的來源，更使法庭獲授予近乎異常的特殊權力。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Further, there was an existing costs order made by a High Court judge against the appellant in a separate proceeding and hence the trial judge has no power to revisit such order or make a fresh order for costs.

assistant: 再者，在分開的法律程序中，已有一項由高等法院法官對上訴人作出的訟費令，因此，原審法官無權再行檢視該命令或重新作出訟費令。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: If, in the assumed state of affairs, the contract confers a cause of action on the party raising the estoppel, the cause of action may be enforced.

assistant: 假如在已假設的事態中，該合約使提出‘不容反悔’原則的一方具有訴因，則該訴因或可予執行。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (2) After confirming the person's identity, nationality and the validity of his parents' marriage, the Mainland Exit-Entry Administration will send his application to the Director for processing.

assistant: （2） 經確定其身分、國籍及其父母的婚姻是否有效後，“內地出入境管理處”便會將其申請書送交入境處處長處理。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Secondly, this impression was reinforced by the Husband filing Form E which he affirmed for the purpose of the ancillary relief claim.

assistant: 其次，上述印象因丈夫爲附屬濟助申索而提交的經宣誓表格E而加強。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 9.  In the light of this, on 18 October 2016, the President decided that the oath taken by each of Leung and Yau on 12 October 2016 was invalid.

assistant: 9.  有鑑於此，立法會主席於2016年10月18日裁定梁遊二人於2016年10月12日所作之宣誓無效。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 29. As to how New Territories land was dealt with once the 99-year lease commenced, it suffices to note the following passage in the advice of the Privy Council delivered by Lord Diplock in Winfat Enterprise (HK) Ltd v. Attorney General \n[1985] AC 733 at p.745 A-B:

assistant: 29. 至於在99年的租借期開始後如何處理新界土地，我們只須參考Diplock勳爵在案例Winfat Enterprise (HK) Ltd v. Attorney General \n[1985] AC 733��宣告的樞密院意見的以下一段（見該案彙編第745頁A至B）：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In such circumstances, no infringement of his right to privacy, even assuming there to have been such an infringement, appears to have operated to his disadvantage at the trial.

assistant: 在這種情況下，他的享有私隱的權利受到侵犯（即使假設他這項權利已受到侵犯），看來亦不會使他在審訊中蒙受不利。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: That report, the Court of Appeal observed, “covers 73 pages of [Mrs Kissel’s] account of her marriage and the circumstances of the killing of her husband as well as Dr Wong’s conclusions”.

assistant: 上訴法庭指該報告「內含73頁由[Kissel太太]作出對她的婚姻和殺死丈夫的情形的敍述以及黃醫生的結論」。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: But both counsel accepted that we are not bound by this and that if the correct answer to the threshold question should be no, then the application for leave to appeal on either the "point of law" limb or "substantial and grave injustice" limb could not get off the ground.

assistant: 但雙方律師都同意我等並不受此共同基礎所約束； 他們又同意若這先決問題的正確答案是否定的，則無論申請上訴許可是基於“法律論點”一環或是基於“實質及嚴重的不公平”一環，申請都不能成功。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: After the caution, and his request to the interviewing officer to write down for him what he said, the applicant is recorded to have said:

assistant: 根據紀錄，申請人在接受警誡和要求負責會面的警員筆錄他所說的話後，說了下述的話：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 5.  Exercising his right to silence, the appellant did not give evidence. But the defence disputed that the appellant had made any admission.

assistant: 5.  上訴人行使其緘默權，不出庭作供，但透過辯方律師否認曾作出任何招認。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (c)  Upon compliance with paragraph (b), any claims which each party may have against the other or their estates for capital, income or other property adjustment including periodical payments, secured periodical payments, lump sum or sums, transfer or settlement of property and order for sale whether under the Matrimonial Causes Ordinance, Matrimonial Proceedings and Property Ordinance, Married Persons Status Ordinance, Inheritance (Provisions of Family and Dependants) Ordinance, or any other relevant Ordinance be dismissed;

assistant: (c)  在（b）段獲遵行後，與訟各方，無論是根據《婚姻訴訟條例》、《婚姻法律程序與財產條例》、《已婚者地位條例》、《財產繼承（供養遺屬及受養人）條例》或任何其他相關條例，而可能提出的申索，不論是一方針對另一方或針對他們的產業的資本、收入或其他財產調整，包括定期付款、有保證定期付款、一整筆款項或多筆款項、財產轉讓或授產安排及售賣令，均予以撤銷；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: “I am sure that, if the Bolivian court was apprised of the circumstances that I find existing, it would without hesitation take steps effectually to invalidate the decree”.

assistant: 「本席肯定，該玻利維亞法院若然獲告知本席現裁定存在的情況，定將毫不猶豫地採取有效的步驟使該判令無效」。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: There is nothing in section 31(6) to suggest that it operates so that the expert advice of a lawyer on topics other than the defendant’s liability to the plaintiff can never be “appropriate expert advice” or advice “appropriate to act on” within the meaning of section 31(7)(b).

assistant: 第31(6)條並無表示其效用是令到律師就被告人對原告人所負的法律責任以外的題目而提供的專家意見永不能屬於第31(7)(b)條所指的「適當專家意見」或可供「適當［地］依循……行事」的意見。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The plaintiffs argue that the award was one which the Judge was entitled to make, and that we should reinstate it.

assistant: 各名原告人辯稱原審法官有權作出該項裁決，因此本院應將之恢復。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In the preamble to the Convention, the various states, signatories to the Convention, declared their desire “to facilitate the recognition of divorces and legal separations obtained in their respective territories”.

assistant: 在該項公約的弁言中，該公約的締約各國聲明其意欲「爲利便對在其各自領域中獲准的離婚及合法分居的承認」。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Finality is an objective of litigation and, even more so, of arbitration.

assistant: ”  終結性是訴訟的目標，更是仲裁的目標。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The Court unanimously makes the two declarations set out in my judgment under the heading "Proper relief", sets aside all reliefs granted below and makes the orders on costs set out in my judgment under the heading"Costs".

assistant: 本院一致作出本判案書內標題“恰當的判令”之下的兩項宣告，撤銷各下屬法庭頒發的所有判令，並頒發本判案書內標題“訟費”之下各項有關訟費的命令。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: and (ii) all loans, facilities, accommodations and guarantees made by the companies and their subsidiaries secured against, or for the purposes of acquiring, shares in the companies listed in (b) (i) above;

assistant: 及 (ii) 由有關公司及其附屬公司利用上文(b)(i)所列公司的股份作保證或爲取得上文(b)(i)所列公司的股份而作出的所有貸款、融通、通融及擔保；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (3) the single judge is provided with much more materials including counsel's advice;

assistant: (3)單一名法官獲提供多很多資料，包括大律師的意見在內；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 3. The dismissal of Yeung’s appeal by the Court of Appeal\n[3] led to two appeals before this Court, leave being granted\n[4] in respect of four questions of law certified to be of great and general importance.

assistant: 3.   上訴法庭駁回楊先生的上訴\n[3] ，但控辯雙方就合共四項經證明具重大及廣泛重要性的法律論點獲給予上訴許可[4]，並據之向本院提出兩項上訴。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The curative properties of a lapse of time were acknowledged by Lord Hope in the recent decision of the Privy Council in Montgomery v H M Lord Advocate (unreported, 19 October 2000), where he stated :

assistant: 時間流逝所具有的矯正特性，在一宗近期樞密院判決Montgomery v H M Lord Advocate案（未載入案例彙編； 判決日期：2000年10月19日）中獲Hope勳爵確認。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: or (b) with respect to the market for, or the price for dealings in, securities or futures contracts traded on a relevant overseas market.

assistant: 或 (b) 在有關境外市場交易的證券或期貨合約在行情或買賣價格方面的虛假或具誤導性的表象。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: He may be, for example, the lessee of a house, the hirer of a mechanical instrument or the repairer of an article with a lien on it.

assistant: 舉例說，他可能是房屋的承租人、機器的租用人或對物品享有留置權的修理人。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: What we have set out above cannot be and is not intended to be an exhaustive statement of the principles the courts should adopt in approaching the interpretation of the Basic Law.

assistant: 上文所列關於在解釋《基本法》時法院所應採納的原則，實非詳盡無遺，亦不可能一一盡列。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: or   (c) that there was a material irregularity in the course of the trial, and in any other case shall dismiss the appeal :

assistant: 或 (c) 在審訊過程中有重大的不當之處， 而在任何其他情況下，上訴法庭須駁回上訴：
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: Indeed, a reverse burden requires the defendant to be convicted even if his version of the facts is considered equally likely to be right as to be wrong.

assistant: 事實上，顛倒責任規定即使被告人所說的事實被視爲真假可能性均等，他仍須被判有罪。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It wrongly assumed that favourable zoning and other planning benefits had a value which was independent of the use to which the land could lawfully be put;

assistant: 審裁處錯誤地假設，有利的區劃及其他規劃利益具有獨立於該土地可合法地用作的用途以外的價值；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (2) In proceedings against a person for an offence under subsection (1), it is a defence to prove that-  (a) he intended to disclose to an authorized officer such knowledge, suspicion or matter as is mentioned in section 25A(1) in relation to the act in contravention of subsection (1) concerned;

assistant: (2)   在檢控任何人犯第(1)款所訂的罪行的法律程序中，被告人可證明以下事情作爲免責辯護——  (a)   他曾意圖就違反第(1)款的有關作爲而向獲授權人披露第25A(1)條所述的知悉、懷疑或事宜；
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: And in late October 2002, it decided to defer further rent review for these estates until 1 December 2003.

assistant: 2002年10月底，就這些屋邨的租金檢討，房委會決定進一步推遲至2003年12月1日進行。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In my view, the suggested conclusion does not follow from the matters on which it is based.

assistant: 本席認爲，上文所建議的結論與其理據並不相符。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 39.  In further explanation of why I prefer an express reference to that which is sensible and fair-minded in people, I would stress that these qualities are, after all, the life-force of human rights in action.

assistant: 39.  在進一步解釋爲何本席認爲明確地參考明理且無偏見的人的意見是更爲可取時，本席要強調，這些特質畢竟是人權在實際施行上的力量泉源。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: In contrast s.17 treats reasonable belief that a breach of the peace is likely as sufficient to justify preventing the holding of, stopping or dispersing a public gathering.

assistant: 對比之下，第17條把合理地相信可能會破壞社會安寧視作支持阻止、制止或驅散公衆聚集的充分理由。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It is a local rule laid down by a local authority and enforceable by a penalty.

assistant: 這項當地規則是地方當局所訂立，並可藉懲罰而強制執行。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: The focus of the Court of Appeal’s judgments has instead been on identifying factors (drawn from the English case-law) capable of serving as indicators that a given tribunal is “a court”.

assistant: 上訴法庭的判決卻聚焦在辨識可顯示某特定審裁機構屬「法庭」的指標因素（取自英國的案例法）。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: This means that extended orders do require a qualitative assessment of the new proceedings to see whether they fall within the class requiring leave.

assistant: 這意味着延伸命令的確要求對有意提起的新法律程序的性質作出評估，以決定該等程序是否屬於須得到許可的類別。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: 31.  This provides good evidence of the Crown’s practice before 1997.

assistant: 31.  這爲官方於1997年之前的常規提供很好的證據。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: (b)    If, on the other hand, no amendment is made (for instance, because no amendment can be made without injustice) and the information is dismissed pursuant to section 27, it does not follow merely from the fact of such dismissal that a plea of autrefois acquit would necessarily avail the defendant if, due to later developments or otherwise, the prosecution subsequently felt able to charge him with a different, constitutionally valid, offence.

assistant: (b)  另一方面，假如告發不獲修訂（例如因爲無法在不造成不公正的情況下作出修訂）且依據第27條而被撤銷，則在控方其後因事態發展或其他理由而認爲能夠控告被告人另一項在憲法上有效的罪行的情況下，告發被撤銷一事本身並不一定代表被告人可以引用「曾就同一罪行獲裁定無罪」的答辯。
user: Please translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: It recognizes that States may not only grant and claim such immunity vis-à-vis other sovereign States, but also that they may choose to waive such immunity, submitting themselves to the jurisdiction of the courts of a forum State.

assistant: 此原則承認，各國對其他主權國家不但可授予或聲稱這種豁免，而且可選擇放棄這種豁免，接受在審訊地國家的法院管轄。