Malcolm Edey: Opening statement to the Senate Economics References
Committee Inquiry into matters relating to credit card interest rates
Opening statement by Mr Malcolm Edey, Assistant Governor (Financial System) of the
Reserve Bank of Australia, to the Senate Economics References Committee Inquiry into
matters relating to credit card interest rates, Sydney, 27 August 2015.
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Thank you for the opportunity to appear today.
I know the Committee is interested in a number of different aspects of credit card pricing and
regulation, and we've tried to address those aspects that come within our field of expertise
and responsibility in our submission.
As we explain in the submission, credit cards have both a payment and a credit function. The
regulatory powers and mandate of the Reserve Bank Payments System Board (the Board)
relate to the payment function. The Board has a mandate to use its powers to promote
efficiency and competition in payment systems, consistent with overall stability of the
financial system. To that end, the Board has for a number of years regulated card payment
systems by setting standards in relation to such matters as interchange fees, surcharging
and access.
As you know, the Board is currently undertaking a comprehensive review of those aspects of
card payments regulation. I'll be happy to answer any questions you might have today about
how that review is proceeding.
I know the Committee is also very interested in the credit function, and particularly the
interest rates on credit cards. That is not something that we regulate, but we have set out in
our submission an overview of some of the key facts.
If I may, I'll just make a few high-level observations about that before we go to questions.
Credit card products vary a lot in the interest rates that they charge. Some of those rates are
very high. They're higher than I think can be easily explained.
Interest rates of the order of 20 per cent on credit cards are not uncommon. The average
rate for borrowers who incur interest on credit cards is currently about 17 per cent. After
deducting banks' cost of funds and the cost of credit losses, that would equate to an interest
rate margin of more than 10 percentage points.
My advice if you're in that situation is to shop around. Despite the prevalence of high-rate
cards, this is a market where there is some significant competition. There are a lot of card
products that offer lower rates and special deals for balance transfers. In many cases,
cardholders should be able to lower their interest rates by taking advantage of those offers, if
they are willing to shop around.
That of course raises questions about why more cardholders don't take advantage of the
lower rates that are on offer, whether there are obstacles to competition and whether there
might be some role for regulatory action.
Some cardholders might be unable to switch, for example if they have poor credit histories.
That is something that can be looked into, along with the related question of whether there
are unreasonable obstacles to switching. Other cardholders might not be aware of the
options available, or might have other reasons for not pursuing them. We discuss some of
those issues in our submission.
The answers to these questions are not necessarily straightforward, and I think these are
areas where the financial regulators can usefully do further work. When I appeared at this
Committee in June I indicated that the Bank would consult with other regulators in this area,
and we have begun doing that. We will be continuing those discussions at a more senior
level at the next meeting of the Council of Financial Regulators in September.
I don't want to pre-empt what might come out of those discussions, but some of the
questions that might be considered are: whether there is a case for improved disclosure in
this area; whether there is a need for stronger risk assessment requirements for credit card
lending; and to what extent any actions in these areas would fall within the regulators'
existing powers and mandates.
With that, my colleagues and I are happy to take your questions.