Jorgovanka Tabakovi: Development of financial industry in the digital
economy era
Address (via video) by Dr Jorgovanka Tabakovi, Governor of the National Bank of
Serbia, at the opening ceremony of the 20th China International Finance Forum, 14
December 2023.
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Esteemed hosts, esteemed participants of the China International Finance Forum,
It is a great honour to address you for again on behalf of the Republic of Serbia and the
National Bank of Serbia, at the helm of which I have been for more than eleven years.
Dear friends,
Three years ago I said that it was not easy to speak about financial services in the
digital economy era to you who are leaders in this area. But, it is not difficult either,
because China is the type of leader who helps and encourages others to make
progress as well. Serbia is a good example of this, which is also reflected in the
economic and financial cooperation underpinned by the mutual respect and friendship
of the Serbian President Aleksandar Vui and the Chinese President Xi Jinping.
In the past ten years, China has become Serbia's important foreign trade partner.
Our cooperation has strengthened for an entire decade, ever since we signed the
joint statement on deepening strategic partnership, making Serbia the first country
in Central and East Europe to set up strategic partnership with the People's
Republic of China. During this year's Belt and Road forum for international
cooperation, we also signed 18 important agreements, of which the free trade
agreement between our two countries is the most important one.
China was the second-largest foreign investor in Serbia in 2020 and 2021, and
the largest foreign investor in 2022, with investments worth USD 1.5 bn. Thus, a
third of the record-high FDIs to Serbia in 2022 came from China.
Trade in goods increased as much as 5.4 times in the past ten years, with China
becoming Serbia's second most important trade partner in 2022.
In January 2015, the National Bank of Serbia included the Chinese yuan in the list
of currencies traded in the Serbian FX market. In 2021 and 2022 the Chinese
yuan was among the four top currencies traded between domestic banks and their
clients in the Serbian FX market, which is another important indicator of the
strength of our economic and overall relations.
With the People's Bank of China, we concluded the Memorandum of
Understanding on designating a clearing bank for Chinese yuans in Serbia,
creating conditions for promoting transactions in Chinese yuans throughout the
Southeast European region.
In parallel, we are exploring the option of investing a part of our FX reserves in
financial instruments denominated in yuans, of which our President Aleksandar
Vui also spoke with pleasure during his visit to China in October.
Dear colleagues,
I hope you do not mind that I began my address by mentioning the cooperation
between our two countries, because we would not be speaking about modern financial
industry and the digital economy era today if we did not share the vision of the modern
society to which we aspire together. I may freely say that today we are at the brink of a
revolution which is taking place through the bits and bytes. It is a fact that the ways in
which we make payments, apply for loans, conclude agreements with financial
institutions, the time it takes to make a transaction, the technologies we use, are all
changing rapidly. Until only recently, we relied on physical databases, whereas now we
are using blockchain. We have switched from ATMs to AI-based customer support. The
transactions which used to take days to complete are now executed in real time.
Where is the Republic of Serbia in this process? A half of our banks are already using
artificial intelligence, and we at the National Bank of Serbia do not lag either. We use
Predictive Analytics and Machine Learning tools in our early warning systems and
macroeconomic environment assessments. We have also introduced the anti-fraud
module in our instant payment system. Having in mind that the main objective of the
National Bank of Serbia is to maintain price stability, we have also developed an
inflation nowcasting model, as one of the state-of-the-art tools in central banking.
We cherish our national DinaCard payment card and keep modernising it, aware of the
significance of the independence and stability of the domestic financial system. So far,
around 5.8 million cards have been issued, and they are accepted at all ATMs, POS
terminals and most internet stores in Serbia. This may not seem an impresive number
for you in China, but for a market of our size, this is huge and something we are
especially pleased about.
The exceptional bilateral cooperation between the DinaCard and the Chinese UnionPay
card system was established, enabling the use of DinaCard cards abroad. There is also
the project of issuing a co-branded card in cooperation with UnionPay, as well as
activities on the acceptance of UnionPay cards in the DinaCard acceptance network. As
the future belongs to the young, from 13 November this year every student in the
Republic of Serbia can apply for a DinaCard student payment card, with numerous
benefits. This was made possible in cooperation with our friends from UnionPay, which
is another indicator of friendship and cooperation between our two countries.
In October 2018, we launched the system for instant payments, as one of the most
cutting-edge methods of payment that we constantly improve with numerous services.
The system has operated successfully ever since and has been breaking records in
terms of the number of executed transactions almost on a daily basis. This is at the
same time the best proof that everything that is useful quickly takes hold and becomes
the norm.
We also enabled the provision of financial services at a distance, which laid the
foundations for further digitalisation of a number of banking services that have become
normal in the modern financial system. That we were right in doing so is best confirmed
by the 52% average annual growth in the number of concluded distance contracts.
An inevitable trend in the use of digital financial services is embodied in the multi-year
process of modernisation of mobile banking applications by banks, at the initiative and
with the support of the National Bank of Serbia. It is precisely in mobile banking that
since 2013 we have seen the 44% average annual increase in the number of the newly
registered users. At the same time, the number of transactions carried out via
mbanking recorded the sharpest percentage rise compared to other available instruments
for retail payments - on average, a rise of 70% each year.
Dear friends,
Much of what we can hear about digitalisation lately is doom and gloom, but there is no
dilemma that digitalisation is a huge potential for progress. However, there is also
awareness that new technologies bring, at the same time, numerous risks in terms of
cyber security, data protection or market concentration. We work in the New Era, New
Finance, New Opportunities, but also and New Risks! And this is something, we as
responsible regulatory authorities, have to reckon with. It is equally important that we
make sure that the digital transformation does not increase the gap between unequals.
It is critical that we cherish and promote learning! Our Nikola Tesla used to say that of
all the frictional resistances, the one that most retards human movement is ignorance,
while a Chinese proverb says that Learning is a treasure that will follow its owner
everywhere. And it is learning that has brought us to this new revolution that we are part
of.
Dear friends,
The aim of robust technological expansion in the financial system is to create value
added by providing, at lower cost, cutting-edge services that save time as the most
valuable resource. Let us recall a Chinese proverb saying Be not afraid of going slowly,
be afraid only of standing still. Translated onto the financial sector - there can be no
success or progress without recognising market needs and without setting a clear goal
that we want to achieve. Our task therefore is to remain committed to innovations that
save time and make lives easier, but also to maintain the justified confidence of the
public and their expectation of a stable and secure financial system going forward, a
financial system that took us a lot of time and effort to establish and preserve
I wish you a successful Forum and good health!