Governor's Remarks at Invest Malaysia New York

Speaker: Datuk Abdul Rasheed Ghaffour Venue: New York Delivery Date: 21 Sep 2023

"Panel Session: Macro Resilience and Market Insights"
SETTING THE STAGE

1. It's a great pleasure to be with you in New York City today. I had the opportunity to join the Prime Minister in meeting captains of
industries this morning and I am delighted to hear the strong interest to invest in Malaysia.

2. This afternoon, I would like to share where the Malaysian economy is heading, both in the short-term as well as the longer term.

MALAYSIA IS A PROLIFIC STRUCTURAL REFORMER BACKED BY ECONOMIC DIVERSITY AND SOUND POLICY MIX

3. As a small open economy, Malaysia has adeptly navigated the ever-evolving global economic landscape. We have maintained a
strong commitment to progressive reforms by embarking on a transformational journey to enhance adaptability, resilience, and our
growth potential. Our track record for the past 60 years is a testament to this.

4. This ongoing journey is our commitment to investors seeking stability and lasting partnerships, which has enabled foreign investors
to earn attractive double-digit returns in Malaysia.

5. Let me share some figures. The returns on foreign direct investments between 2021 and 2022 averages 14.0% compared to the
average return of 12.5% between 2011 and 2019. Similarly, the domestic bond market recorded steady inflows from foreign investors
amounting to USD5.5 billion in 2023 compared to the total 3 years inflow at USD10.5 billion between 2020 and 2022.

6. Over the last decade, Malaysia's long-term real GDP growth from 2011 to 2022 averaged 4.4%, higher than the average for both
ASEAN and A-rated countries at 3.0% and 2.9% respectively. Much of this is owed to its diversified economic structure that consistently
delivers resilient growth performance. Allow me to explain a bit on this.

Chart 1: Average GDP growth of ASEAN Chart 2: Average GDP growth of selected A-rated
economies (%, 2011 - 2022) economies (%, 2011 - 2022)
4.49
44% 4 30, %

3.7% ASEAN
3.5%
- ou b= A-rated
3.0% 2.8% average: 2.9%
I '

Malaysia Myanmar Singapore Thailand Brunei Malaysia Lithuania Chile Latvia' Slovenia

Source: IMF World Economic Outlook

7. First, the economic structure has evolved from agriculture-oriented economy to a service-oriented economy. Currently, the services
and manufacturing sector account for 58% and 24% of the economy whilst agriculture, mining and construction cumulatively account
for only 17% of the economy.

8. Second, in term of exports, our largest E&E products account for 38% of total exports in 2022 while petroleum products and palm oil
(including palm oil-based agriculture) products contribute around 10% and 9%.

9. We are also diversified in terms of our trade partners. Despite being our second largest export market, China only accounts for 14%
of Malaysia's total exports whilst Singapore leads the way at 15% followed by the United States and EU at 11% and 8% respectively.

10. The ability of Malaysian exports to adapt to changes in global trends is also evident when we shifted our focus of exports away from
advanced economies after the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). Between 2003 and 2007, US and EU-15 countries accounted for 30% of our
total exports but that was reduced to 20% between 2008 and 2012. In those same periods, our share of exports to regional economies
and China rose from 45% to 49%.

11. Similarly, the resilience of Malaysian exports was evidenced by the quick and strong rebound observed during the GFC and the
recent COVID-19 crisis. All these mean that we have multiple engines of growth and they have delivered.

12. This is not a stroke of luck but an outcome of a forward-looking and prudent growth strategy, good macroeconomic management,
pro-business policies, and innovative approach to economic development.

Chart 3: Economic activity (% share of GDP) Chart 4: Exports by products and markets in

2022 (% of exports)
cumdems mami Construction
6 7 Mining Commodities 8 =
13 . US
24 nes J
PR
China
42 Non-E&E
ASEAN
Services
LY(
31 E&E Rest of
. the World
7 Agriculture
1971 2022

Source: Department of Statistics, Malaysia

REINVENTING THE ECONOMY SUPPORTED BY ENHANCED ECONOMIC COMPLEXITY

13. Malaysia has also always positioned itself well by going for more economically complex and lasting growth drivers. Since the 1980s,
for example, this entailed shifting from exports of commodities to manufacturing, as well as a steady build-up of domestic demand.

14. This has resulted in the steady increase of our level of economic complexity, evidenced by our progressive improvements in the
Economic Complexity Index, rising from a score of -0.25 in 1996, ranked 54th globally, to our current score of +1.09 in 2021, making
Malaysia the 24th most complex economy in the world. This has propelled the country closer towards high-income status and our
ambitious economic goal of becoming a top 30 largest economy in the world within the next 10 years.

15. Malaysia is also fast becoming a sub-regional interconnectivity hub for a rapidly growing ASEAN economy, which is poised to
become the 4th largest economy in the world by 2050. This enables Malaysia to offer significant prospects for investors such as a
comparatively young and skilled workforce, a large domestic and regional market supported by a growing middle class as well as
strategic positioning in the global value chain.

Chart 5: Malaysia's Economic Complexity Chart 6: Economic Complexity Index of selected

Index (rank) ASEAN economies (rank)
54th : , F
= Malaysia mSingapore sm Thailand
= Indonesia Philippines Vietnam
83
er 75
64 61
54th se
37
27 24th 2
24th [
i 6
=
1998 2021

1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020

Source: Observatory of Economic Complexity (OEC)
Note: Lower number indicates higher rank in economic complexity

6. While this remains the case, we face changing global trends and undercurrents. Similar to other small open economies, following the
strong outturn in the first quarter of the year, our growth in the second quarter was affected by the slower external demand and a
decline in commodity production.

7. Going into 2024, growth will continue to be driven by resilient domestic expenditure underpinned by continued employment and
wage growth. Investment activity would be supported by continued progress of multi-year infrastructure projects and implementation
of catalytic initiatives under the recently announced national master plans. Domestic financial conditions also remain conducive to
inancial intermediation amid sustained credit growth.

8. The COVID-19 pandemic and the economic crisis that ensued have resulted in significant scarring in the global economy. There is a
need to embark on reforms to rebuild the post-crisis economy, and Malaysia is not excluded from this. So, what is next for us?

a. We envision the next stage of development comprising high quality investments in the green economy, aerospace and
petrochemicals, that would propel Malaysia as a global leader in industrial development with extensive domestic linkages to create
wealth across the nation as well as strengthening its position in the global value chain.

b. The New Industrial Master Plan (NIMP), explained by the PM earlier today underscores our commitment to transforming Malaysia's
industrial sector by 2030. With an estimated total investment of RM9Q5 billion, this provides a wide opportunity for global investors
to tap into the Malaysian economy in their search for high yield investments globally.

c. In addition, the National Energy Transition Roadmap (NETR) also provides emerging opportunities that would certainly appeal to
investors with outlined key investments of some RM1.3 trillion required for the energy transition, along with financing and policy
initiatives.

19. The NETR and NIMP are expected to not only accelerate the country's transition, but also open up large investment opportunities.
Bank Negara Malaysia along with Securities Commission Malaysia have been focusing on efforts to lay down relevant building blocks for
a conducive green finance ecosystem that can facilitate a just and orderly transition.

20. We have developed frameworks and practical tools such as the Climate Change and Principle-based Taxonomy, Sectoral Guides,
and Climate Risk Management and Scenario Analysis policy document as guidance for the industry in building its climate resilience as
well as capability in contributing towards transition.

SOUND MACROECONOMIC POLICY IS A STEADFAST PILLAR FOR MACROECONOMIC STABILITY

21. Macroeconomic stability, a strong and stable financial sector, and sound policymaking institutions have been essential factors
supporting Malaysia's economic development journey thus far. The central bank's mandate reaffirms our commitment to this - which is
to promote monetary and financial stability conducive to the sustainable growth of the Malaysian economy. Allow me to elaborate on
this.

22. First, on monetary stability. Inflation has remained well-anchored for the past 10 years, between 2013 and 2022.

23. Even in the aftermath of the pandemic when many countries struggled with price pressures, inflation has been well-behaved in
Malaysia.

24. In our current assessment, Malaysia's economy remains well-balanced, with no major imbalances on the horizon. Inflation has
remained low and stable, with headline and core inflation are expected to moderate to its long-term average. OC

RINGGIT IS IMPROVING

25. On to another topic of high interest -- the ringgit. Despite depreciating during the first half of 2023, the ringgit and several regional
currencies have strengthened against USD since 1 July 2023.

26. Recently, the ringgit appreciated against most major trade partners' currencies. Looking ahead, we expect that further clarity on the
end of monetary policy tightening cycle by major central banks will also provide support to the ringgit and emerging market currencies
in general.

27. I want to stress that the value of the ringgit is market determined. Our presence in the foreign exchange market is only to prevent
excessive volatility and to ensure orderly market conditions. We do not target any specific level of the ringgit.

Chart 7: Performance of MYR against selected currencies as at 14" Sep 2023 (%)

ma Year-to-date from 1 Jan % change since 1 July 2023
5.7
15 2.4 2.0 2.7 18
0.2
-2.7 -2.4
46 i 44 34
74 66 6.0 -5.7
-9.3

GBP IDR EUR USD INR SGD PHP THB TWD KRW CNY AUD JPY REER NEER

Source: Bank Negara Malaysia
OUR FINANCIAL MARKETS ARE WELL DEVELOPED AND TRANSPARENT
28. For portfolio investors, our financial markets are progressive, dynamic and supported by steady market development.

29. The Malaysian Government bond market stands out as one of the largest and most developed in the region. It remains stable and
liquid with attractive real yields to investors.

Chart 8: 10-year MGS historical yield Chart 9: Bond market performance in 2023
MGS - OPR Spread (RHS) Bid amount (RM bil, LHS)
--10 yr MGS mam Issuance (RM bil, LHS)
, --OPR bps RM bil --Average yield, % (RHS) %, bps
'0
5.0 3.0 18 5
16
4.0 25 4 4
20 12
3
3.0 10
15
8
2.0 2
10 6
4
1.0 05 I 1
TTT
0.0 0.0 O
© £ Y aig - Jan-23 Feb-23 Mar-23 Apr-23 May-23 Jul-23 Aug-23
se ws es ws we
e e ¥ ¥ ¥

Source: Bank Negara Malaysia

30. On the other hand, our FX market, which follows a liberal foreign exchange policy (FEP regime), is open and accessible by investors
all over the world through our large network of Appointed Overseas Offices. Our foreign exchange policy (FEP) regime has undergone
gradual and sequential liberalisation over the years, to enhance the private sector's foreign exchange risk management as well as to

deepen onshore financial markets. Greater flexibility has also been accorded to investors in hedging their exposure to the ringgit.
Perhaps Mr Chu from CIMB Group (moderator) can touch on a little bit more on this later from the perspective of the market.

31. All of the above is supported by a sound banking and financial system characterised by well-capitalised banks with strong liquidity
buffers and healthy earnings. This bolsters their capacity to support lending activity and absorb unexpected losses. Stress tests
conducted by the central bank also reaffirms the capacity of financial institutions to withstand adverse shocks, hence indicating limited
risk of bank failures or financial crisis.

32. On Islamic finance front, Malaysia has a comprehensive, well-developed and vibrant financial ecosystem that is capable of
intermediating different forms of capital using innovative financial instruments.

33. Globally, Malaysia also continues to be a market leader in sukuk and Islamic asset under management segments, evident by cutting-
edge financial structures including the world's first exchangeable sukuk and green sukuk.

Q&A

34. Let me pause here. I welcome any questions or feedback you may have.