Jürgen Stark: Press briefing on new monetary and financial statistics
Introductory remarks by Mr Jürgen Stark, Member of the Executive Board of the European
Central Bank, for the presentation of four new/enhanced datasets on monetary and financial
statistics, Frankfurt, 27 June 2011.
* * *
Ladies and Gentlemen,
I would like to welcome you to this press briefing on monetary and financial statistics, which
is dedicated to the presentation of two new and two extended sets of statistics. We are in an
environment of continuous financial innovations and changes in the financial landscape. The
ECB is determined to keep the monetary and financial statistics fit for use in that changing
environment.
The extended sets of statistics improve the existing balance sheet and interest rate reporting
by "monetary financial institutions", which means primarily banks representing the
moneyissuing sector. These datasets are at the centre of our monetary analysis.
The new statistics refer to detailed quarterly balance sheet information from financial vehicle
corporations engaged in securitisation, often called securitisation vehicles, and from
insurance corporations and pension funds. The new datasets close some gaps in the
harmonised balance sheet reporting of the growing sector of euro area financial
intermediaries outside the money issuing sector.
These improvements and new developments are the result of very significant efforts
undertaken by statisticians at the ECB and in the national central banks of the Eurosystem.
The work was carried out in close collaboration with policy-makers, analysts and the financial
industry. In my view, this process brought about a proper balance between the benefits of the
data for monetary policy and the burden of collecting it from respondents. As policy-makers,
we need timely data, and the data must be harmonised across country borders, so that it can
be readily aggregated at the euro area level.
The new statistics fit in well with the much used term "lessons learned from the financial
crisis". At the same time, the new developments are the outcome of a process that has been
pursued pro-actively and with a longer-term view, rather than re-actively and with a focus on
the recent crisis. Indeed, the development process started before the financial turmoil that
escalated into a genuine crisis. The process involved the euro area as well as other EU
countries. It was motivated by the need to fill gaps caused by the ongoing financial
innovation and by structural changes within financial products and the financial sector.
The analysis forming the basis for monetary policy decisions depends crucially on the quality
and breadth of coverage of the available statistics. Not least the frequently cited deficiencies
of the Greek statistical system (with respect to both methodological and institutional aspects)
have reminded us of the importance of reliable, accurate and timely statistics for the
functioning and credibility of our whole system.
I am pleased that the new developments in monetary and financial statistics will contribute, in
particular, to the research agenda of the ECB's Governing Council for enhancing monetary
analysis. As you know, the ECB attaches a high importance to this. Last year, we published
a comprehensive scientific compendium on the enhancement of monetary analysis, and I
presented these results at a press briefing.1
Allow me to mention three key examples to illustrate the improvements the new data bring.
First, the new data will shed more light into the relatively opaque shadow banking. A major
aspect of financial innovation is linked to the securitisation of financial assets by, in particular,
the banking sector, and to the financial vehicles created outside the banking sector for this
purpose. The lack of good statistical information on securitisation gained increasing
relevance over the last decade and became particularly obvious in the financial crisis.
In order to provide for a consistent monitoring of securitisation, the ECB has now introduced
new quarterly balance sheet statistics that cover "financial vehicle corporations engaged in
securitisation". The aggregated total assets of such special-purpose vehicles in the euro area
stood at €2.3 trillion in the first quarter of 2011. This represents about one tenth of the total
assets of all non-bank financial intermediaries. And together with the reporting of investment
funds established in 2009, which also includes hedge funds, the ECB statistics now cover a
large part of the shadow banking system within the euro area.
In addition to balance sheet reporting for securitisation vehicles, a consistent monthly
reporting by Monetary and Financial Institutions (MFIs) has also been developed. This
makes it possible to assess how the securitisation of loans granted by MFIs can actually
have an impact on the growth rates of MFI lending to households and non-financial
corporations. That is a step forward for our monetary analysis. To give you a concrete
example: taking into account the impact of securitisation, the annual growth of MFI loans to
non-financial corporations turned positive already in October 2010, some months ahead of
what had been shown by the figures available in the previous version of the statistics.
Second, we now have detailed quarterly data on the balance sheet of insurance corporations
and pension funds. Currently, their assets account for about one third of all assets of
non-bank financial intermediaries within the euro area. That is of course already a sizeable
figure, but in view of our ageing societies, those institutions can be expected to be of further
increasing significance for the economy and the entire financial system. Already today,
insurance and pension fund technical reserves, which represent the claims that households
have vis-à-vis life insurance companies and pension plans (other than social insurance
schemes), account for around 30% of households' total financial wealth. These new data
therefore are important not only for the ECB, but will be highly relevant for many other uses.
Furthermore, as institutional investors with a significant portfolio in securities, insurance
corporations and pension funds will be monitored for monetary policy and financial stability
purposes. In view of the desirable further development of these statistics, we have started a
close cooperation with the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority
(EIOPA). This should help to further improve the statistics, while minimising the costs for the
industry through the compilation of aggregated data based on supervisory returns.
Third, the improved interest rate statistics allow a deeper analysis of the transmission
channels of monetary policy. One specific improvement sheds more light on how the external
financing conditions of small and medium-sized non-financial enterprises compare with those
of large corporations. This is particularly relevant for the euro area, given its rather more
bank-based funding system as compared with the more market-based funding system in the
United States.
For example, figures on interest rates for new loans to non-financial corporations show that
interest rates on new loans of up to €250,000 have indeed been far higher than interest rates
on loans of over €1 million. On average, they were more than 140 basis points higher for
small and medium-sized enterprises and 90 basis points higher for sole proprietors. This is
important information which enhances our analysis of the financing conditions as these rates
serve as a proxy for loans to small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as to "sole
proprietors" (e.g. doctors or architects).
Overall, I am pleased to see that these new developments and the new datasets in the euro
area monetary and financial statistics keep them fit for policy and analysis purposes.
Actually, we are coping well with the current challenges. In particular, not least due to the
specific role we assign to money in our monetary policy strategy, I see a self-reinforcing
virtuous circle in action. Enhancements in monetary and financial statistics make it possible
to keep track of financial innovation, thereby facilitating an enhanced monetary analysis and
thus ensuring an effective policy decision-making process. The enhanced monetary analysis
and its use in the policy-making process, in turn, identify necessary improvements to the
statistics, thereby closing the circle.
Nevertheless, there is no reason to be complacent. Important innovations in the financial
sector will continue to occur. We thus need to invest in flexible tools and methods so as to
further adapt our statistics and analysis to changes both in the financial sector and in its
interaction with the real economy. In this respect, a better international standardisation in the
reporting and registration of individual financial products, transactions and financial
institutions will be crucial. The ECB is closely involved in discussions at the International
Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Financial Stability Board (FSB).
Worldwide convergence and standardisation will allow a swift and flexible adaptation of
monetary and financial statistics to financial innovation without creating an unnecessary
reporting burden. We need to express data requirements in a more business-friendly way
and we should be open to automation (e.g. based on International Financial Reporting
Standards (IFRS) or supervisory reports). Another potential for improvement lies in the
re-use of micro-data, such as credit registers, for statistical purposes. The processes initiated
within the framework of the G20 initiatives on data gaps might also provide an adequate
forum for the very important and complex work ahead of us.
Thank you very much for your attention.
Now, Aurel Schubert, the ECB's Director General Statistics, will present more details on the
four datasets and stand ready to answer your questions.
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