Ravi Menon: An effective and inclusive transition to net zero
Keynote speech (virtually) by Mr Ravi Menon, Managing Director of the Monetary Authority of
Singapore, at the Green Horizon Summit@COP26, 4 November 2021.
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Lord Mayor William Russell
Dr Rhian-Mari Thomas
Ladies and gentlemen,
Good afternoon from Singapore.
Asia is key to the world's transition to net zero. The region accounts for about half of global
carbon emissions, and more than half of global energy consumption. The battle against climate
change will be won or lost in Asia.
Asia's transition to a lower carbon future will not be easy. About 85% of the energy
produced comes from fossil fuels, and demand is likely to rise on the back of continued
urbanisation. Some 45 million people in South East Asia are still without electricity. Asia must
find ways to transit towards greater sustainability while securing economic and social
development for its people.
Green finance can be a powerful enabler for Asia to achieve an effective yet inclusive
transition to net zero.
Singapore as an international financial centre in Asia is committed to support Asia's
transition through its Green Finance Action Plan. The Monetary Authority of Singapore is
actively promoting a strong green finance ecosystem in Singapore to serve Asia. A growing
number of global financial institutions are expanding their green finance teams in Singapore to
support Asia's transition towards lower emissions.
Let me highlight three areas we need to get right to catalyse green finance -
clear taxonomies to define what is green, what is transition, and what is neither;
innovative solutions to unlock and catalyse multiple sources of financing;
supervision of how financial institutions are managing their climate-related risks.
First, clear taxonomies. We are unlikely to have a single, global taxonomy. Instead, efforts
should focus on ensuring that taxonomies across different markets are interoperable and
comparable. This means taxonomies that use a common language, such as internationally
referenced industry classification systems.
Asia needs a taxonomy that supports transition activities while achieving compatibility
with existing high-quality international taxonomies. The ten countries of the Association of
Southeast Asian Nations are developing a taxonomy with a two-tier architecture, comprising a
Foundation Framework and a Plus Standard. The Plus Standard will set out data-backed
thresholds for each activity, starting with less ambitious thresholds to facilitate early adoption and
leading up to more ambitious "gold standard" thresholds that reference science-based pathways.
In Singapore, an MAS-led industry taskforce is developing a taxonomy that encompasses
green and transition activities. It adopts a "traffic light" system that helps market participants
identify activities that are "green", "yellow" (or transition) and "red", with the intent of reaching net
zero as soon as possible. The calibration of thresholds is important, considering the feasibility
and availability of alternative technologies in Singapore and the region. The thresholds will need
to be recalibrated at regular intervals to keep pace with technological innovations.
Second, innovative financing solutions. To meet Asia's green financing needs, it is not
enough to rely on just the public sector or the banking sector.
We need innovative platforms to catalyse capital flows to marginally bankable but worthy
green projects. In Singapore, one of our sovereign wealth funds, Temasek, has partnered
HSBC to set up a debt financing platform to invest in marginally bankable sustainable
infrastructure projects in Asia.
We need new instruments such as blended finance to draw in different types of
financers. Government agencies and multilateral development banks can potentially help to
derisk sustainability projects by taking on first loss equity or providing a guarantee, to help crowd-in
more private sector financing. This includes not just commercial banks but also capital
providers such as foundations and family offices.
We need to deploy technical assistance alongside financing. This is to support a range of
activities such as project preparation, project implementation, and even training and capacity
building to achieve maximum development impact.
Third, financial supervision. Regulators are in a strong position to steward the financial
system towards net zero through supervising financial institutions' management of climate
related risks. The Network for Greening the Financial System, or NGFS, plays a key role in
helping to mainstream climate-related risk management. The NGFS has just issued a report
highlighting the different paths that supervisors can take towards a set of internationally aligned
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supervisory practices. We strongly support the NGFS Declaration to green the financial
system.
The MAS is progressively embedding climate risk considerations in its supervisory
framework. We are setting out a roadmap for mandatory climate-related financial disclosures
for all our financial institutions. Next year, we will conduct stress tests for the financial industry
under a range of climate scenarios. We are supporting capacity-building among central banks
and supervisors in addressing environmental risks, such as through the COP26 Climate Training
Alliance initiative.
A successful transition to net zero will require collective efforts across governments,
businesses, and industry leaders globally.
We must act now, and we must act together, to secure a cleaner and greener future.
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Link to "NGFS Glasgow Declaration Committed to
Action": www.ngfs.net/sites/default/files/ngfsglasgowdeclaration.pdf