Nhấp vào biểu tượng thông tin người dùng nhỏ bên cạnh thanh "Search Store" (Tìm kiếm Cửa hàng). Nhập thông tin Apple ID, hoặc nhấp vào . Hủy cấp phép một máy tính cũ (nếu cần thiết).

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This will open the Apple ID login window. Create Apple ID. You will need to be logged in with an Apple ID in order to download items from the store. Creating an Apple ID is free, but requires entering credit card information. Click here for instructions on creating an Apple ID without a credit card. You can have five computers associated with your Apple ID at once. If you are setting up iTunes on your sixth computer, you won't be able to authorize it to download your purchased content. You will need to deauthorize one of your older computers, or deauthorize all of your connected computers at once if you don't have access to them anymore.  Click here for detailed instructions on authorizing and deauthorizing.


Nhấp vào biểu tượng ở góc dưới bên phải thanh tác vụ. Nhấp vào tên mạng. Nhấp vào Connect ở góc dưới bên phải tên mạng. Nhập mật khẩu của mạng nếu được nhắc. Nhấp vào Next (Tiếp theo).

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It's located in the lower-right corner of the taskbar. If you are not connected to a network it may have a * above the icon. You may first need to click ^ to display it.  On Windows 7, the Wi-Fi icon resembles a series of bars. On Windows 8, you must first hover your mouse in the upper-right corner of the screen, then click Settings. This should be a network for which you have the password and permission to connect. It's in the bottom-right corner of the network's name. You can check the "Connect automatically" box here as well to have your PC connect to this network whenever it's in range. If you're using a home network and you didn't set a password, you'll likely find the Wi-Fi password on the bottom or the back of the router. If the network has no password, you'll connect automatically after clicking Connect. It's in the bottom-left corner of the network window. Doing so will prompt your PC to connect to the network if the password you entered is correct.


Nhấp vào biểu tượng ở phía trên bên phải thanh trình đơn đầu màn hình. Nhấp vào tên mạng. Nhập mật khẩu của mạng khi được nhắc. Nhấp vào Join ở cuối cửa sổ bật lên.

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It's in the top-right of the menu bar at the top of the screen. If your computer is not connected to a wireless network, the icon will appear hollow. Doing so will invoke a pop-up window requesting the password. If you're using a home network and you didn't set a password, you'll likely find the Wi-Fi password on the bottom or the back of the router. If the network has no password, you'll connect automatically after clicking the network's name. It's at the bottom of the pop-up window. As long as the password is correct, your Mac will connect to the network.


Nhấp vào bánh răng "Settings". Nhấp vào Settings ở gần giữa trình đơn thả xuống. Nhấp vào thẻ Accounts and Import (Tài khoản và Nhập). Nhấp vào Add a mail account (Thêm tài khoản thư). Nhập địa chỉ Yahoo. Nhấp vào Next (Tiếp theo) ở góc dưới bên phải cửa sổ. Tích vào ô "Import emails from my other account (POP3)" hay "Nhập email từ tài khoản khác của tôi (POP3)". Nhấp vào Next. Nhập mật khẩu email Yahoo. Nhấp vào Add Account (Thêm tài khoản). Đóng cửa sổ bật lên.

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It's in the top-right corner of the Gmail inbox page. Doing so will prompt a drop-down menu. First re-open your Gmail inbox if you closed it. This option is near the middle of the drop-down menu. The Settings page will open. It's at the top of the Settings page. This link is to the right of the "Check mail from other accounts" heading. Clicking it prompts a pop-up window to open. Type your Yahoo email address into the text box in the middle of the pop-up window. It's in the bottom-right corner of the window. You'll find this option near the bottom of the window.  Type your Yahoo password into the "Password" text field that's near the top of the pop-up window. It's in the bottom-right corner of the pop-up window. If you receive an error stating that POP is a paid feature, click the "POP Server" drop-down box, then click pop.mail.yahoo.com in the resulting drop-down menu. You can then click Add Account again. Both your Yahoo account and your Gmail account are now set up to allow Yahoo emails to be forwarded to your Gmail inbox. You may have to refresh your Gmail inbox (or just click Inbox on the left side of the page) before Yahoo emails will appear here.


Nhấp vào bảng chọn Apple. Nhấp vào tùy chọn About This Mac (Về Macbook Này) nằm gần phía trên trình đơn thả xuống. Xem qua thông tin hệ thống máy tính.

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It's the apple-shaped icon in the top-left corner of your Mac's screen. This option is near the top of the drop-down menu. There are several tabs at the top of the "About This Mac" window that you can use to view different type of information:   Overview - View your Mac's operating system, processor, and memory information here.  Displays - View information about your Mac's screen and any attached displays.  Storage - View your Mac's storage allocation, including how much space files are taking up and how much space remains.  Support - View a list of resources to help solve any potential problems.  Service - View your Mac's service history (e.g., warranty information).


Nhấp vào bảng chọn hình quả táo (Apple). Nhấp vào Trackpad (Bàn di chuột cảm ứng). Di con trỏ đến vị trí muốn nhấp.

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Select System Preferences, and then open Keyboard & Mouse. Under the Trackpad Gestures section, check the box labeled “Tap trackpad using two fingers for secondary click”. This will enable you to right-click using two fingers. Note: Depending on your OS X version, the labeling may vary. On older versions, the box is labeled “Secondary Click” and is located in the Two Fingers section. Press two fingers to the trackpad to right-click an object. With the secondary click enabled, doing this will open the right-click menu.


Nhấp vào bảng chọn. Tìm chức năng thu phóng. Nhấp vào dấu - để tiến hành thu nhỏ.

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It’s three horizontal lines on the top right, by default. Unless you've moved anything, it'll be adjacent to your URL bar. Directly underneath copy, you’ll see a percentage amount surrounded by a - and a + sign.


Nhấp vào bất cứ chỗ trống nào trên màn hình desktop. Nhấn. Chọn "Shut down" từ trong trình đơn thả xuống. Nhấp vào "OK" để tắt máy tính.

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If the desktop is not activated, you'll close the active program instead of opening the shut down menu. Make sure the desktop is active and all other programs are closed or minimized. Alt+F4 while logged in remotely. If you use Windows 10 Remote Desktop, you may have noticed that there is no Shut Down option in the Power menu. If you need to shut the computer down, you can do so from the new Shut Down Windows menu. You can also choose from the other options, including "Restart," "Sleep," and "Sign out." Since you are using Remote Desktop, you will lose your connection to the remote computer.


Nhấp vào cửa sổ Command Prompt. Thêm tài khoản. Xóa tài khoản. Thoát Command Prompt.

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This will make sure that your cursor is currently active on the Command line. To do this, type net user (username) (password) /add and tap ↵ Enter when you're done. This will add a new user to your account! Replace the information in parentheses with an actual username and password; be sure to exclude the parentheses. To do this, type net user (username) /delete and tap ↵ Enter when you're done. Your selected user account should be gone! You will see a line that says "The command completed successfully" after successfully adding or removing an account. Now you know how to add and delete users with the Command Prompt app!


Nhấp vào dấu > cạnh mục Computer. Xem qua những thư mục Registry được tích hợp sẵn. Nhấp vào một thư mục Registry. Mở rộng thư mục Registry. Xem qua các tùy chọn thanh công cụ. Nhấp đúp vào tùy chọn trong thư mục Registry. Nhấp vào Cancel.

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This icon is to the left of the Computer icon you selected when making a backup. Doing so will "expand" the Computer folder, which displays the folders inside of it below the Computer icon. If Computer already shows several folders below it, it is already expanded. There will usually be five folders inside of the Computer folder:  HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT HKEY_CURRENT_USER HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE HKEY_USERS HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG Clicking any folder in the Registry Editor will display the folder's contents in the right-hand panel of the Registry Editor. For example: if you click the HKEY_CURRENT_USER folder, you should see at least one icon on the right side of the page with the name (Default). Click the > icon to the left of a folder to expand it and view its contents. This will work for any folder in the Registry, regardless of where it is.  You can also double-click folders to expand them. Some folders (e.g., HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT) contain hundreds of subfolders, meaning that expanding them will result in the left-hand sidebar becoming flooded with subfolders. The Registry can be hard to navigate when this happens, but all folders are arranged alphabetically. These are in the upper-left side of the Registry Window, and include the following:   File - Import or export a Registry file, or print a selected item.  Edit - Change aspects of a selected Registry item, or create a new one.  View - Enable or disable the Registry address bar (not all versions of Windows 10 have this feature). You can also view the binary data for a selected Registry item.  Favorite - Add a selected Registry item to your computer's Favorites folder.  Help - View Microsoft's help page for the Registry. You'll find an icon with a red ab on it labeled (Default) in most Registry folders. Double-clicking it will open it for you to view its contents. This will close your opened Registry item.


Nhấp vào góc dưới bên phải của ô gốc. Nhấn giữ và kéo chuột dọc theo cột hay hàng mà bạn muốn chép lại công thức từ ô gốc. Nhấp đúp vào dấu cộng để điền công thức hết cột.

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Move your cursor to the lower right corner of the cell you just edited. The cursor will become a bold + sign. Keep your mouse button held down, and drag your cursor down the column, or across the row to be edited (highlight). The formula you entered will automatically be entered into the cells you've highlighted. Relative cell references will automatically update to refer to the cell in the same relative position. Here's our example spreadsheet, showing the formulas used and the results displayed:     Example Spreadsheet     Column A Column B Column C    row 1    10       9       =A1+B1     row 2    20       8       =A2+B2     row 3     30       7       =A3+B3     row 4    40        6       =A4+B4         Example Spreadsheet     Column A Column B Column C    row 1    10       9       19     row 2    20       8       28     row 3     30       7       37     row 4    40        6       46 Instead of click-and-dragging, move your mouse to the lower right corner, and double click when the cursor turns into a + sign. This will automatically copy the formula to the entire column.   Excel will stop filling out the column if it sees an empty cell. If the reference data contains a gap, you will have to repeat this step to fill out the column below the gap.


Nhấp vào mục Start (Khởi động). Đánh từ khóa store trong mục Start. Mở ứng dụng Microsoft Store. Nhấp chuột vào thanh công cụ "Search" (Tìm kiếm). Tìm kiếm trò chơi Dò mìn. Nhấp chuột vào Microsoft Minesweeper. Nhấp vào nút Get.

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Click the Windows logo in the bottom-left corner of the screen. Doing so will search your computer for the Store app. Click the Microsoft Store search result near the top of the Start window. It's in the top-right corner of the Microsoft Store window. Type microsoft minesweeper into the "Search" bar, then wait for a drop-down menu to appear below the bar. It should be below the search bar in the drop-down menu. It's a blue button below the "Microsoft Minesweeper" title. Doing so will install Minesweeper on your computer.


Nhấp vào nút "Spotlight" hình kính lúp ở góc trên bên phải màn hình. Nhập "Activity Monitor" vào thanh tìm kiếm. Nhấp vào Activity Monitor. Nhấp vào Memory. Nhìn vào số "Memory Used" ở cuối trang.

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It's the magnifying glass icon in the top-right corner of the screen. Doing so will bring up the "Activity Monitor" app. Doing so will open the Activity Monitor program, which will allow you to view your Mac's current RAM consumption. It's a tab at the top of the Activity Monitor window. You'll see this option at the bottom of the page. The "Physical Memory" number here shows how much RAM your Mac has installed, while the "Memory Used" number is how much RAM your Mac is currently using.


Nhấp vào nút Start với biểu tượng Windows ở góc dưới bên phải. Nhập cmd. Nhấp phải vào Command Prompt. Nhấp vào Run as administrator (Khởi chạy dưới vai trò quản trị viên). Nhập shutdown vào Command Prompt. Nhập m \\computername. Nhập  /s or /r sau khoảng cách với tên máy tính. Nhập /f. Nhập /c vào cùng dòng lệnh sau khoảng cách với "/f". Nhập lời nhắn vào trong dấu ngoặc kép. Nhập /t cùng với số giây. Nhấn ↵ Enter để thực thi lệnh.

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It's the button with the Windows icon in the lower-left corner. This searches for the command prompt and displays it at the top of the Windows Start menu. It has an icon that resembles a black screen with a white prompt. Right-clicking this icon displays a menu to the right of the Command Prompt icon. This opens the Command Prompt with administrative privileges. You must be signed in to Windows using an administrative account in order to run the Command Prompt as an administrator. This is the first line to shut down a computer. To see a complete list of shutdown commands, type shutdown /? in the Command Prompt. Type this one space after "shutdown" on the same line. Replace "computername" with the actual name of the target computer. If you want to shut down the target computer type "/s" one space after the computer name. To restart the computer, type "/r" one space after the computer name. Type this one space after "/s" or "/r". This forces all programs to close on the remote computer.   Note: The user may lose unsaved work if programs are forced to close without saving. Continue to the next step to learn how to alert the user and give them a few seconds to save their work before the computer or shuts down or restarts. The entire command so far should look something similar to this: shutdown \\workspace1 /r /f. Press ↵ Enter to restart the computer immediately. Continue to the next step to add a timer with a comment. This goes one space after "/f" on the same line. This allows to you send a message to the target computer. This goes one space after "/c". The message should alert the user of the remote computer that the computer will shutdown. For example, you could type "This computer will restart. Please save all work". Make sure the message is in quotation marks (" ") . This goes one space after the message in the previous step. This is how you can give the user a few seconds to save their work before the computer shuts down. For example, /t 60 would give the user sixty seconds to save their work before their...


Nhấp vào nút Start với biểu tượng Windows ở góc dưới bên phải. Nhập regedit để tìm ứng dụng Registry Editor. Nhấp vào Regedit. Đi đến thư mục "System" trong "Policies". Tạo giá trị DWORD mới. Đặt tên cho giá trị DWORD mới là "LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy". Nhấp phải vào LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy. Nhấp vào Modify (Điều chỉnh). Đổi dữ liệu giá trị thành "1". Nhấp vào Ok.

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It's the button with the Windows icon in the lower-left corner. On newer versions of Windows, administrative privileges are often stripped when trying to access a computer remotely. You can fix this by editing the registry. This displays the regedit (Registry Editor) app.  Warning: Editing or deleting items in the Registry Editor can cause permanent damage to your operating system. Proceed at your own risk! This opens the Registry Editor app. You can use the folders in the sidebar to the left to navigate in the Registry editor. Use the following steps to navigate to the "System" folder in "Policies":  Double-click the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE folder. Double-click the SOFTWARE folder. Double-click the Microsoft folder. Double-click the Windows folder. Double-click the CurrentVersion folder. Double-click the Policies folder. Double-click the System folder. Use the following steps to create a new DWORD value in the "System" folder.  Right-click a black spot in the window to the right of the folders in the sidebar. Hover over New. Click DWORD (32-bit) Value. When you create a new DWORD value, the name will be highlighted blue. Immediately type "LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy" to rename the value. This displays a menu to the right of the value. This opens an editor window for the DWORD value. Use the box below "value data" to change the value from "0" to "1". This saves the DWORD value. You can now close the registry editor.


Nhấp vào nút Windows "Start" và gõ "msconfig" trong hộp văn bản tìm kiếm. Nhấp vào thẻ "Startup". Chọn ứng dụng mà bạn muốn chạy khi khởi động lại máy tính. Nhấp vào "Apply" (Áp dụng). Khởi động lại máy tính để hoàn tất thay đổi các mục khởi động.

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Click on MSConfig in the search results.This opens the System Configuration console. This gives you a view of the programs installed as startup options on your computer.  Note that not all startup items will be shown. You are not given the option to add startup items to the list inside MSconfig. To add items not on the MSconfig list, use the Startup Folder method. For programs you no longer want to start, clear the check box. " This will change the changes you made to startup items. A popup window will ask if you want to reboot the computer. Click "Restart" to reboot the computer and save the changes.  If you do not restart your computer, your startup programs will revert to their original settings. When you have deselected an item in MSConfig, you will be starting in”Selective startup” mode. This can be viewed under the “general” tab in MSconfig. If you subsequently decide to choose Normal Startup", all disabled items will be re-enabled.


Nhấp vào nút chỉnh sửa (hình vuông với cây bút chì) để chuyển sang chế độ chỉnh sửa. Nhấp vào biểu tượng hình chữ nhật chấm chấm trong thanh công cụ chỉnh sửa, sau đó chọn “Rectangular Selection” (Vùng chọn hình chữ nhật). Nhấp và kéo chuột trên phần hình ảnh mà bạn muốn giữ. Nhấp vào nút Crop (Cắt). Nhấn ⌘ Cmd+S để lưu tập tin.

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Once you let go of the mouse button, you will see the dotted rectangle appear over a portion of the image. This will remove all parts of the image that are outside of the rectangular selection.  You can resize the cropped area as you would any image. If you don’t want to save your changes, press ⌘ Cmd+Z to undo them. If you want to save the cropped area as a brand new file (and keep the entire image from which you cropped it), Click “File,” then “Save As,” then choose a new filename. To revert the image to a previous version after saving, click “File,” then “Revert To,” and select “Browse All Versions…” Now, choose an older version of the image.


Nhấp vào nút hình ngôi sao ở góc trên, bên phải cửa sổ. Nhấp vào tab "History". Sắp xếp kết quả theo ý bạn. Nhấp vào một kết quả để mở hoặc mở rộng nó. Tìm kiếm một trang web nhờ vào tùy chọn "Search History" hay "Tìm kiếm lịch sử". Tạo đánh dấu từ lịch sử được lưu. Xóa một dữ liệu bằng cách nhấp chuột phải vào nó và chọn "Delete" hoặc "Xóa".

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This will open the Favorites sidebar. You can also press Ctrl+H to jump straight to the History tab of the Favorites sidebar.  In Internet Explorer 7 and 8, the Favorites button is located on the left side of the Bookmarks Bar. If you're using a Windows 8 tablet with the Modern version of Internet Explorer 11, you'll need to open Internet Explorer in Desktop mode to view the history. The only way to see your history in the Modern app is through the suggested sites when you start to type an address in. You can quickly switch to the Desktop mode by tapping the Wrench button and selecting "View on the desktop." This will already be selected if you press Ctrl+H to open the sidebar. By default, your history will be sorted by date. You can use the drop-down menu at the top of the sidebar to sort by website name, most visited, and sites visited today.t to View By Date to change your viewing preference if desired. You may view a list of all websites, view by the most visited websites, view by the websites visited that same day, or search your history by entering search criteria. Depending on your sorting preferences, your history may be organized into categories. Clicking one of these categories will display links to specific pages. For example, when viewing by site, clicking a website will show all of the pages on that site that you visited. Select "Search History" from the drop-down menu to search for specific websites or pages that you've visited. You can add any history entry to your bookmarks by right-clicking it and selecting "Add To favorites." You'll be prompted to select a location for the bookmark and can give it a name. You can do this for individual entries or entire categories.


Nhấp vào nút xem thêm. Nhấp chuột hoặc nhấn vào tab lịch sử History với biểu tượng một chiếc đồng hồ. Tìm lịch sử duyệt web mà bạn cần. Xóa một dữ liệu bằng cách nhấp chuột hoặc nhấn vào dấu "X" cạnh bên nó.

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You'll find this along the top of the window. The icon looks like a paragraph. The icon looks like a clock. You can also press Ctrl+H to open this tab directly. Your history is sorted by date in three ranges: Last hour, Last week, and Older. You can remove single entries or entire date ranges. You can also tap or click "Clear all history" to delete all entries. Ensure "Browsing history" is checked and then click "Clear."


Nhấp vào nút “Find Friends” (Tìm kiếm bạn bè) ở góc phía trên bên phải của trang Facebook. Tìm đến ô “Add Personal Contacts” (Thêm các liên hệ cá nhân). Chuyển danh bạ email. Duyệt những người mà Facebook giới thiệu cho bạn.

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The page will refresh and Facebook will generate a list of “People You May Know” based on the information in your profile.  You may want to browse this list for friends you didn’t think of in your original search. You can also use this list if you can’t remember someone’s name. You will find this box toward the right-hand side of the screen. This box will display the email address that is currently associated with your account. Follow the directions provided by Facebook to import email contacts from the email address of your choice. The directions will vary depending on your email service provider. For example, if you use Gmail, you will be required to log in to your Gmail account, click on "Export" within Gmail, and select the contacts you want uploaded to Facebook. Facebook will search for your friends using the email addresses and names imported from your email account.


Nhấp vào nút “Find Friends” (Tìm kiếm bạn bè). Tìm đến ô “Invite Your Friends” (Mời bạn bè). Nói trực tiếp với họ.

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This button is located in the upper-right corner of your Facebook session. If you can’t find the person you are looking for by any of the aforementioned methods, it is possible that they don't have a Facebook account yet. You can take the opportunity to invite them to join you on Facebook. You will find this box at the bottom right-hand side of the page under the “Add Personal Contacts” box. Here you can access a search bar, which allows you to enter phone numbers and email address of people you know who you would like to invite to Facebook.  Type your friend’s number or email into the search box and Facebook will send them a notification that you have requested their presence on Facebook. To invite multiple friends at once, place a comma after each email address or phone number. If you haven't been able to find someone on Facebook, and you don't have their phone number or email, asking them in person is a great way to connect. Suggest that you would enjoy keeping in touch with them on Facebook.


Nhấp vào sản phẩm Office. Nhấp vào Activate nằm bên dưới biểu tượng chìa khóa. Nhấp vào Enter Product Key (Nhập khóa sản phẩm). Nhập khóa sản phẩm rồi nhấp vào Continue. Nhấp vào Redeem Online (Đổi mã trực tuyến). Nhấp vào Sign In hoặc Create a new account (Tạo tài khoản mới). Nhấp vào Finish Activation (Hoàn tất quá trình kích hoạt).

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Click a product such as Word or Excel to launch the program. If you own a product key but don't have Microsoft Office installed on your computer, you'll have to use the Office website. It's below the icon with an image of a key. It's in the "Activate" option. Type the 25-digit product key without the dashes. It's in the box labeled "Add this key to an account". If you already have a Microsoft account, sign in with email address and password associated with your Microsoft account.  If you don't have a Microsoft account, click "Create a new account" and follow the prompts to create a new account. Your activation is now complete and the product key is tied to your Microsoft account.


Nhấp vào thanh URL của trình duyệt. Gõ site:facebook.com "First Last" vào thanh URL. Nhấn⏎ Return (Mac) hoặc ↵ Enter (PC). Nhấp vào kết quả tìm kiếm. Xem mục tìm kiếm định sẵn.

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It's the white bar that likely has text in it at the top of the browser page. Sometimes Facebook users who won't appear in an internal search will appear in a Google search. Replace the word "First" with your user's first name and "Last" with their last name. For example, you might type site:facebook.com "Old MacDonald". This will search for your selected user in the context of Facebook pages. Doing so will open the user's profile in limited view; in most cases, you'll be able to see their profile image and name. You can also use an image search to confirm that the profile for which you're searching matches a result. If your selected user has a profile that appears in search engines, you'll see their profile picture, their name, and any other information that they have chosen to make public.


Nhấp vào thẻ "File" (Tập tin) và chọn "Info" (Thông tin). Nhấp vào nút "Account Settings" (Cài đặt tài khoản) và chọn "Account Settings." Chọn tài khoản mà bạn muốn thay đổi mật khẩu. Nhấp vào nút "Change" (Thay đổi). Nhập mật khẩu chính xác vào khung "Password" (Mật khẩu). Nhấp vào "Next" (Kế tiếp) để lưu cài đặt và kiểm tra mật khẩu.

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This will display the "Account Information" screen. If you're using Outlook 2003, click the Tools menu and select "E-mail Accounts." This will open a new window with all of your connected accounts. If you're using Outlook 2003, select "View or change existing email accounts." Note that you'll be changing the password that Outlook uses to access the account, not that account's actual password. If you need to change the password that protects your email account, you'll need to do that through your email service. For example, to change your Gmail password visit the Google Account Recovery website first, then change the password in Outlook. If you want to change the password used to protect your Outlook data file, see the next section. This will open the details of the account you selected. You'll find this in the "Logon Information" section. Remember, this does not change your actual email password. This only changes the password that Outlook tries when it accesses your account. Outlook will test the account and attempt to login with the password you provided. If everything is successful, you'll get a "Congratulations!" message.


Nhấp vào thẻ "References" (Tham chiếu) nằm đầu cửa sổ, thường nằm giữa thẻ "Page Layout" và "Mailings". Đặt con trỏ ở nơi mà bạn muốn chú giải xuất hiện. Nhấp vào nút "Insert Footnote" (Chèn Chú thích) nằm trong mục "Footnotes" của thẻ "References". Thay đổi điều kiện để chú thích được đánh lại. Thay đổi thiết lập chú thích.

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This is located at the top of the window, typically between "Page Layout" and "Mailings". This tab lets you insert various reference tools, such as a table of contents, footnotes and endnotes, citations, captions and more. By default, footnotes will be designated by increasing superscript numbers. Place the cursor where you want the number to appear. This is located in the "Footnotes" section of the "References" tab. The footnote number will be inserted, and a separator bar will be added to the bottom of the page. Your cursor will automatically be taken to the footnote at the bottom of the page so that you can fill it out.  An endnote is like a footnote except the reference occurs at the end of the document. By default, endnotes are numbered with Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, etc.). Alternatively, you can press Ctrl + Alt + F to create a footnote, or Ctrl + Alt + D to create an endnote. By default, your footnotes will increase in number throughout your whole document. You can change this so that the numbers restart every page or at section breaks in the document.  Click the Menu button in the bottom-right corner of the "Footnotes" section. This will open the "Footnote and Endnote" window. In the "Format" section, use the "Numbering" drop-down menu to select when you want the footnote numbers to restart. You can insert section breaks into your document by clicking the "Page Layout" tab, clicking the "Breaks" button in the "Page Setup" section, and then selecting the type of break you'd like to insert. Besides changing the way footnotes are numbered, section breaks are great for making layout changing to specific portions of a document. If you'd rather have symbols instead of numbers, want the footnotes to appear below the text instead of at the bottom of the page, or want the numbering to start at a different number, you can change this from the "Footnote and Endnote" window. Click the Menu button in the bottom right-corner of the "Footnotes" section to open it. Click Symbol... to choose a symbol from the Symbol...


Nhấp vào thẻ Design (Thiết kế) nằm trong ruy-băng xanh lá gần ở đầu cửa sổ Excel. Chọn sơ đồ thiết kế bảng. Xem qua các tùy chọn thiết kế khác. Nhấp vào thẻ Home lần nữa để quay lại với thanh công cụ Home.

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It's in the green ribbon near the top of the Excel window. This will open a toolbar for your table's design directly below the green ribbon. If you don't see this tab, click your table to prompt it to appear. Click one of the colored boxes in the "Table Styles" section of the Design toolbar to apply the color and design to your table. You can click the downward-facing arrow to the right of the colored boxes to scroll through different design options. In the "Table Style Options" section of the toolbar, check or uncheck any of the following boxes:   Header Row - Checking this box places column names in the top cell of the data group. Uncheck this box to remove headers.  Total Row - When enabled, this option adds a row at the bottom of the table that displays the total value of the right-most column.  Banded Rows - Check this box to color in alternating rows, or uncheck it to leave all rows in your table the same color.  First Column and Last Column - When enabled, these options make the headers and data in the first and/or last columns bold.  Banded Columns - Check this box to color in alternating columns, or uncheck it to leave all columns in your table the same color.  Filter Button - When checked, this box places a drop-down box next to each header in your table that allows you to change the data displayed in that column. This will take you back to the Home toolbar. Your table's changes will remain.


Nhấp vào thẻ File (Tệp) ở phía trên bên trái của cửa sổ Excel (Windows) hoặc màn hình (Mac). Nhấn Save As (Lưu thành). Nhấn đúp vào tùy chọn This PC (Máy tính này) nằm ở giữa trang. Nhập tên dự án của bạn. Chọn thư mục lưu. Nhấn Save (Lưu) ở cuối cửa sổ để lưu trang tính vào thư mục đã chọn dưới tên vừa đặt. Lưu những lần chỉnh sửa sau bằng phím tắt "Save".

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It's in the upper-left side of the Excel window (Windows) or the screen (Mac). A menu will appear. This is on the left side of the page if you're using Windows. On a Mac, you'll click this in the File drop-down menu. It's in the middle of the page. On Mac, click On my Mac instead. Type whatever you want to name your spreadsheet into the "File name" (Windows) or "Name" (Mac) text box in the Save As window. Click the folder in which you want to save your spreadsheet. On a Mac, you may first need to click the "Where" drop-down box before you can select a file. It's at the bottom of the window. Doing so saves your spreadsheet in the selected folder under the specified name. If you're editing the Excel document in the future, pressing Ctrl+S (Windows) or ⌘ Command+S (Mac) will save your changes to the document without bringing up the Save As window.


Nhấp vào thẻ Insert (Chèn) ở phía trên cửa sổ PowerPoint. Nhấp vào New Slide ▼ (Trang mới) ở góc bên trái của thanh công cụ để mở một danh sách lựa chọn. Chọn loại trang. Thêm nhiều trang khác nếu bạn cần. Sắp xếp thứ tự các trang nếu cần.

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It's at the top of the PowerPoint window. A new toolbar will open near the top of the window. On a Mac, you'll click the Home tab instead. It's on the far-left side of the toolbar. Doing so prompts a drop-down menu to appear.  On a Mac, click the drop-down arrow to the right of the New Slide icon in the toolbar. Clicking the white slide-shaped box above this option will result in a new text slide being inserted. In the drop-down menu, click one of the following to add it to your presentation:  Title Slide Title and Content Section Header Two Content Comparison Title Only Blank Content with Caption Picture with Caption You can certainly add slides as you go, but adding a few slides up-front will give you an idea of the layout of the presentation as you progress through it. Once you have more than one slide in your PowerPoint presentation, you can move the slides around by clicking and dragging a slide's preview box up or down on the left-hand column of the PowerPoint window. Naturally, the title slide should be the first slide in your presentation, meaning that it should be the top slide in the left-hand column.


Nhấp vào thực đơn Apple và chọn "About This Mac" (Về máy Mac này). Sử dụng các thẻ ở trên cùng của cửa sổ (Yosemite). Nhấp vào .

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This will open a window displaying your OS X version and a summary of your system specs. This includes your processor speed, memory (RAM), and graphics adapter (if installed). The newest version of OS X has tabs along the top of the About This Mac window that allow you to quickly jump between the different categories of hardware. If you are using Mavericks (OS X 10.9) or earlier, skip down to the next step.  The Overview tab gives you a brief rundown of your most commonly-searched for specs. This page should be enough to determine whether or not you can run a program. The Displays tab will show all of your connected displays. The Storage tab will show your drives and how much space each one of them has. More Info (Mavericks or earlier). This will open a new window with detailed hardware information. Use the navigation tree on the left to find the hardware you want to inspect.  The Hardware section will display detailed information for all of your hardware components. When you select "Hardware", you CPU information will be shown in the right frame. If your CPU has more than one core, they will be listed here. Note: This shows the advertised speed of the processor, which is fine when determining if your computer meets the requirements to run a program. It will not, however, show the results of any overclocking. Click here for information on finding the actual speed of your processer.


Nhấp vào trình đơn Apple hình quả táo ở góc trên bên trái màn hình máy tính Mac. Nhấp vào About This Mac (Về máy tính Mac này). Nhấp vào Storage (Dung lượng).

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It's the apple-shaped icon in the top-left corner of your Mac's screen. This option is near the top of the drop-down menu. You'll find this option at the top of the "About This Mac" page. On the "Storage" tab, you can see a color-coded breakdown of which file types are using up space. You can also view your currently free hard drive space in the top-right corner of the page in the "X GB free of Y GB" section where "X" is your Mac's free space and "Y" is your Mac's total space.


Nhấp vào trình đơn Apple và chọn "System Preferences" (Bảng điều khiển hệ thống). Kích vào tùy chọn "Display". Chọn Màn hình ngoài. Cài đặt trình đơn "Rotation" thành tùy chọn mà bạn muốn trong gờ "Display". Đảm bảo không kích hoạt tính năng Mirroring (Phản chiếu). Thử xoay màn hình tích hợp (OS 10.9 và thấp hơn).

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You can only rotate external displays, and the display must support rotations (not all do). If you are running older versions of OS X, you can attempt to force the built-in display to rotate, but this does not work in newer versions. This will show all of your connected displays Select your external display from the available displays. If you want to try to rotate an internal display, such as on a MacBook or iMac, see Step 6. You can select 90°, 180°, or 270°. These represent how many degrees the display will rotate to the right. If all of your screens rotate when you enable rotation on one of them, mirroring may have been enabled. This makes all of the screens mimic each other. Click the "Arrangement" tab and uncheck the "Mirror Displays" box. If you are using Mavericks or earlier, you can attempt to force a built-in display to rotate by opening a special version of the Displays menu. Make sure System Preferences is closed before proceeding. Do not attempt this in OS X 10.10 (Yosemite) or later, as it can result in a serious error.  Click the Apple menu and select System Preferences. Press and hold ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt and click the "Displays" option. Your built-in display should have a rotation menu available.


Nhấp vào trình đơn Apple và chọn "System Preferences". Chọn "Users & Groups" để thay đổi thiết lập người dùng trên máy tính của bạn. Nhấp vào ổ khóa ở góc dưới bên trái và nhập mật khẩu hiện tại. Chọn tài khoản người dùng của bạn và nhấn "Change Password". Nhập mật khẩu cũ vào trường đầu tiên. Tạo mật khẩu mới. Thêm gợi ý (không bắt buộc). Bắt đầu sử dụng mật khẩu mới ngay.

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This will open your system settings. This method will only work for changing a password when you know the original. If you can't remember your password, use one of the other methods in this article. This will allow you to change settings for the users on your computer. This will allow you to make changes to the settings. A new window will appear for you to change your password in. This is the password you are currently using. You'll need to enter it twice to verify it. Click "Change Password" to save it. You can add a hint for your password that can be displayed if you are having trouble logging in. This is recommended so that you don't have to go through the trouble of resetting your password if you ever forget it. Your password will be applied immediately, and you'll use it whenever you're prompted for your password.


Nhấp vào trình đơn Apple ở góc trên bên trái màn hình. Chọn ứng dụng từ trong danh sách. Nhấp vào Delete ở phía dưới danh sách.

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It's at the top-left corner of the screen. All of the stored data will display in the right panel. This button is the lower left corner of the data display panel. This deletes the selected data from iCloud. You can repeat these steps for each app.


Nhấp vào trình đơn File và chọn "Create PDF" (Tạo tập tin PDF) → "From Web Page" (Từ trang web). Nhập URL của website mà bạn muốn chuyển thành tập tin PDF. Quyết định lượng dữ liệu mà bạn muốn lưu. Tích vào các ô cần giữ trên trang. Nhấp vào nút . Nhấp vào nút .

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You'll need the paid version of Adobe Acrobat for this, but you'll be able to save an entire web site, including every page on the server in its original format with working links. Enter in the lowest level address for the site if you want to grab the entire thing. If you just want a single page on the site, enter its direct address. You can choose to "Get only X level(s)", or you can "Get entire site". Level 1 is only the page that opens when the address is visited. Level 2 includes every page that is linked on the starting page. Level 3 includes all of the pages that are linked in the Level 2 pages. This can lead to a massive file depending on the website. When you start dealing with multiple levels, there's good chance that links will lead off the website. You can prevent Acrobat from grabbing these pages by selecting "Stay on same path", which will only grab pages from the same domain, or "Stay on same server", which will only grab pages from that web server. This allows you to adjust headers and footers, as well as bookmarks for navigation. Depending on how many levels you are capturing, and how large the site is, this could take anywhere from a few minutes to a very long time.


Nhấp vào trình đơn thường nằm ở góc dưới bên trái màn hình. Nhập cmd vào thanh tìm kiếm. Nhấp phải vào Command Prompt. Nhấp vào Run as Administrator (Chạy dưới quyền Administrator). Nhấp Yes. Nhập cd cùng với đường dẫn đầy đủ đến thư mục chứa tập tin .BAT. Nhấn ↵ Enter. Nhập tên tập tin batch. Nhấn ↵ Enter.

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It’s usually at the bottom-left corner of the screen. A list of matching results will appear. A menu will expand. A confirmation message will appear. This opens the command line at an elevated (administrator) level. Here’s an example:  If the batch file is on your desktop, type cd \Users\YourLoginName\Desktop. If it’s in your downloads folder, type cd \Users\YourLoginName\Downloads. If you don’t know what your login name is, type cd \Users and press ↵ Enter to go to the Users folder, and then type dir and press ↵ Enter to see a list of logins. This will move you into the directory. For example, if it’s called “program.bat,” type program.bat. If you don’t know the name, type dir and press ↵ Enter to view the files in the folder. You’ll find it there. This runs the batch file.


Nhấp vào trình đơn và chọn System Preferences. Nhấp vào Security & Privacy (Riêng tư và bảo mật). Nhấp vào thẻ Firewall (Tường lửa) ở gần phía trên chính giữa cửa sổ. Nhấp vào Firewall Options (Tùy chọn tường lửa).

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The Mac firewall is not enabled by default. It's the house icon on the top row. It's near the top-center part of the window.  If you see the message "Firewall:On" near the top of the tab, this means your firewall is active. If the firewall is not active but you want it to be, click the padlock icon at the bottom-left part of the window, enter your administrator password, and then click Turn On Firewall. This opens your settings, including a list of apps and services set to either allow or disallow incoming connections.  If an app or service has a green dot and the text "Allow incoming connections," that means its port is open. If you see a red dot that says "Block incoming connections," the port is closed. You can toggle whether a port is allowed or not allowed by clicking the double-arrow icon next to the app's current status, and choosing an option.


Nhấp vào tùy chọn Resize (Đổi kích cỡ) trên thanh công cụ Paint. Chọn hộp "Maintain aspect ratio" (Giữ nguyên tỉ lệ khung hình) nằm ở giữa cửa sổ. Chọn hộp "Percentage" (Tỉ lệ phần trăm) ở đầu cửa sổ. Thay đổi giá trị "Horizontal" (Chiều ngang). Kéo nghiêng ảnh nếu muốn.

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It's in the Paint toolbar. A pop-up window will appear. This option is in the middle of the window. Doing so ensures that any changes you make to either of the size values won't distort your photo. If you want to increase your photo's height without increasing its width (or vice versa), skip this step. It's at the top of the window. If you want to resize your image to a specific pixel rating, check the "Pixels" box instead. In the "Horizontal" text box, type in whatever number you want to use to resize your photo (e.g., to double its size, you would type in 200).  If you're using pixels instead of a percentage, you'll type the number of pixels to use into the "Horizontal" text box. If you left the "Maintain aspect ratio" box unchecked, you'll also need to change the "Vertical" text box's value. Skewing a photo will angle it to the left or right. To skew your photo, type a number into the "Horizontal" and/or "Vertical" text fields under the "Skew (Degrees)" heading. If you want to skew the photo in the opposite direction, type in a negative value (e.g., "-10" instead of "10").


Nhấp vào vào bất kỳ dấu trang nào (hay còn gọi là "favorite" (mục yêu thích)) và chọn "Delete". Mở thanh bên Favorites để xem các dấu trang. Mở công cụ quản lý Favorites để xem các dấu trang. Tìm dấu trang của bạn trong Windows Explorer.

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Internet Explorer refers to bookmarks as "favorites," and they can be deleted from anywhere by right-clicking on them and selecting "Delete." You can delete them from the Favorites sidebar or from the Favorites menu bar. This sidebar will display all of your saved bookmarks. There are a few ways to open it:  Click the Star (☆) button and then click the "Favorites" tab. Press Alt+C and click the "Favorites" tab. You can also view your bookmarks using the Favorites manager. This will allow you to easily expand and collapse your various bookmark folders:  Click the "Favorites" menu and select "Organize favorites." If you don't see the "Favorites" menu, press Alt. Click folders once to expand or collapse them. Deleting a folder will delete all of the bookmarks inside. Internet Explorer stores your favorites as files that you can find in Windows Explorer. This can make deleting large numbers of bookmarks much easier.  Open a Windows Explorer windows (⊞ Win+E) and navigate to C:\Users\username\Favorites. All of your Internet Explorer bookmarks will be displayed as files and folders. You can drag bookmark files to the Recycle Bin or right-click on them and select "Delete."


Nhấp vào ô mà bạn muốn chèn liên kết. Nhấp vào thẻ "Insert". Nhấp vào nút "Hyperlink". Nhập địa chỉ email mà bạn muốn liên kết đến vào trường "E-mail address" (Địa chỉ email). Nhập một chủ đề tạo sẵn vào trường "Subject" (Chủ đề) – tùy chọn. Đổi tiêu đề sẽ được hiển thị (tùy chọn). Nhấn "OK" để chèn liên kết của bạn.

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You can insert a mail link into any cell in your spreadsheet. Click a cell to highlight it. This will display the various items you can insert into your spreadsheet. This will open a new window, allowing you to insert various types of links. You'll see the "Text to display" field fill automatically as you add the address. "mailto:" will be added to the beginning of the address automatically. If you've entered addresses before, you'll be able to select them from the list at the bottom of the window. You can leave the link as is if you'd like, but you can set a premade subject if you want to make things easier on your users. By default, the link will display "mailto:address@example.com" but you can change this to whatever you'd like, such as "Contact Us." Click the "Text to display" field and change the text to what you want. Click the "ScreenTip" button to change the text that appears when the user hovers the mouse cursor over the link. Your new email link will be created, and clicking it will open your email client or website with a new message addressed to the address you entered.


Nhấp vào ô đầu tiên mà dãy số sẽ bắt đầu. Nhập =ROW(A1) vào ô (nếu đây là ô A1). Nhấn ↵ Enter. Chọn ô chứa số đầu tiên trong dãy số. Di con trỏ chuột đến khung nằm ở góc dưới bên phải ô được chọn. Kéo Fill Handle xuống đến ô cuối cùng trong dãy.

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This method explains how to make each cell in a column display its corresponding row number. This is a good method to use if rows are frequently added and removed in your worksheet. To create a basic row of consecutive numbers (or other data, such as days of the week or months of the year), see Filling a Column with Continous Numbers. If the cell is not A1, use the correct cell number. For example, if you are typing in cell B5, type =ROW(B5) instead. The cell will now display its row number. If you typed =ROW(A1), the cell will say 1. If you typed =ROW(B5), the cell will read 5.  To start with 1 no matter which row you want to begin your series of numbers, count the number of rows above your current cell, then subtract that number from your formula. For example, if you entered =ROW(B5) and want the cell to display a 1, edit the formula to say =ROW(B5)-4, as B1 is back 4 rows from B5.  This box is called the Fill Handle. When the mouse cursor is directly above the Fill Handle, the cursor will change to a crosshair symbol. If you don’t see the Fill Handle, navigate to File > Options > Advanced and place a check next to “Enable fill handle and cell drag-and-drop.” The cells in the column will now display their corresponding row numbers. If you delete a row included in this series, the cells numbers will automatically correct themselves based on their new row numbers.


Nhấp vào ô đầu tiên mà dãy số sẽ bắt đầu. Nhập số đầu tiên trong dãy vào ô nào đó. Nhấp vào ô tiếp theo trong mẫu. Nhập số thứ hai của dãy vào để tạo mẫu. Nhấp và kéo để chọn tất cả ô. Di con trỏ chuột đến khung nhỏ nằm ở góc dưới bên phải vùng được chọn. Nhấp và kéo Fill Handle xuống đến ô cuối cùng trong dãy số.

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This method will show you how to add a series of continuous numbers to the cells in a column. If you use this method and later have to delete a row, you will need to repeat the steps to renumber the entire column. If you think you will be manipulating rows of data often, see Numbering Rows instead. For instance, if you will be numbering entries down a column, type 1 into this cell.  You don’t have to start with 1. Your series can start at any number, and can even follow other patterns (such as even numbers, in multiples of 5, and more). Excel also supports other types “numbering,” including dates, seasons, and days of the week. To fill a column with the days of the week, for example, the first cell should say “Monday.” This should be the cell directly beneath the currently active cell. To number consecutively (1, 2, 3, etc), type a 2 here.  If you wanted your continuous numbers to be something like 10, 20, 30, 40, etc, the first two cells in the series should be 10 and 20. If you are using days of the week, type the next day of the week into the cell. When you release the mouse button, the both cells will be highlighted. This box is called the Fill Handle. When the mouse pointer is directly on top of the Fill Handle, the cursor will become a crosshair symbol. If you don’t see the Fill Handle, navigate to File > Options > Advanced and place a check next to “Enable fill handle and cell drag-and-drop.” Once you release the mouse button, the cells in the column will be numbered according to the pattern you established in the first two cells.


Nhấp vào ứng dụng Finder với biểu tượng mặt cười màu xanh và trắng. Nhấp vào Applications (Ứng dụng) nằm trong khung bên trái. Nhấp phải vào Microsoft Office. Nhấp vào Move to Trash (Chuyến đến thùng rác).

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.  It's the app that has a blue and white icon with a smiley face.  It's located in the dock. It's in the box to the left. It may say Microsoft Office 365, or Microsoft Office 2016, or whichever version of Microsoft Office you have installed. If you are using a magic mouse or trackpad, you can perform a right-click by clicking with two fingers. This will uninstall Microsoft Office.  You can then empty the trash to free up hard drive space.


Nhấp vào ← Options ngay phía trên trình đơn tùy chọn bên trái trang. Nhấp vào +New (+Mới). Nhập thông tin cho email. Nhấp vào Send ở góc dưới bên phải cửa sổ email. Nhấp vào Undo (Hoàn tác).

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It's directly above the options menu on the left side of the page. Clicking this will take you back to your inbox. You'll find this option above the "Inbox" heading near the top of the Outlook interface. Doing so will open a new email template on the right side of the page. Since you'll be recalling it after you send it, what you enter here doesn't really matter; however, you'll want to add the following information to the pertinent fields:  A contact A subject A message It's in the bottom-right corner of the email window. Doing so will send your email to your recipient. You'll see this option pop up in the top-right corner of the email inbox. Clicking it will halt your email's sending progress and open the email in a new window. From here, you can edit your email or simply click Discard at the bottom of the email's window to get rid of it.


Nhấp đúp chuột vào tài liệu Word. Nhấp chuột vào File (Tập tin). Nhấp chuột vào Save As (Lưu Dưới dạng). Nhấp chuột vào Format (Định dạng). Chọn nút PDF. Nhấp chuột vào nút Save (Lưu). Mở PDF trong Preview. Nhấp chuột vào File. Nhấp chuột vào Export (Xuất). Nhấp chuột vào Format (Định dạng). Nhấp chọn JPEG. Nhấp chọn Save (Lưu).

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Double-click the document you want to convert into a JPEG. This will open the document in Microsoft Word. It's an option in the top-left corner of your Mac's screen. This option is near the top of the drop-down File menu. You'll see this box toward the middle of the "Save As" window. A drop-down menu will appear. It's near the middle of the drop-down menu. While a DOC (Word) file isn't directly convertible to a JPEG file, a PDF is. It's a blue button in the bottom-right corner of the window. Your file has now been saved as a PDF; you'll likely find it on the desktop. To be able to save the PDF as a JPEG, you need to use the Preview application on the Mac because not all third-party PDF applications have this feature. To do this:  Click once the PDF file. Click File at the top of the screen. Select Open With in the drop-down menu. Click Preview. This option is in the top-left corner of the screen. A drop-down menu will appear. It's toward the middle of the drop-down menu. This box is near the bottom of the "Export" page. Doing so will allow you to save the PDF version of your Word document as a JPEG file. You'll see a slider appear below the Format box; clicking and dragging it right will increase your JPEG's quality, while dragging it left will decrease the quality. This is helpful if you need to lower the image's size (wherein you would lower the quality). It's in the bottom-right corner of the screen. Your Word document is now preserved in JPEG format.


Nhấp đúp vào "My PC" với biểu tượng màn hình máy tính thường nằm trên màn hình desktop. Nhấp phải vào biểu tượng ổ cứng C:. Nhấp vào Properties (Thuộc tính). Nhấp vào thẻ General (Tổng quan). Xem bộ nhớ của ổ cứng.

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It's the computer monitor icon likely found on your desktop.  On some versions of Windows, "My PC" is called "My Computer". If you can't find "My PC" on your desktop, type "My PC" into the Start window's search bar and then click the computer monitor icon when it pops up. It's under the "Devices and drives" heading in the middle of the "My Computer" page. On some Windows versions, the hard drive will say "OS" above it. This option is at the bottom of the right-click menu. You'll see this option at the top of the "Properties" window. Doing so will open the hard drive's "General" page, which lists attributes such as total storage. The "Used space" section displays how many gigabytes of your hard drive are taken up by your files, while the "Free space" shows you the number of gigabytes left on your hard drive. You may notice a discrepancy between the total number of gigabytes listed on your hard drive and the number of gigabytes that was advertised when you bought the computer. This is because a certain portion of your computer's hard drive is used to store the computer's operating system; therefore, that space is irreversibly used, and thus, unlisted.


Nhấp đúp vào một hình ảnh. Nhấp vào Compress Pictures (Nén Hình ảnh). Bỏ chọn ô "Apply only to this picture" (Chỉ áp dụng với hình ảnh này). Nhấp vào tùy chọn E-mail (96 ppi) nằm gần cuối cửa sổ Compress Pictures. Nhấp OK.

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Doing so will open the Format tab at the top of the PowerPoint window.  If your PowerPoint file isn't yet open, first open it by double-clicking it. It doesn't matter which picture you double-click, since all of them will open the appropriate tab. This option is just below the Transitions tab. Clicking it will invoke a pop-up window. It's the first option at the top of the Compress Pictures window. Disabling this option will ensure that all pictures in your presentation are compressed. This option is near the bottom of the Compress Pictures window. Doing so will apply the compression settings to all images in your PowerPoint file, thereby reducing its overall size.


Nhấp đúp vào phía đầu hoặc cuối trang. Chọn "Page Number" (Số trang) để mở ra các tùy chọn dành cho bạn. Chọn kiểu số trang để tự động thiết lập thao tác đánh số. Lưu ý:

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This will bring up the "Design Menu," which is used to place page numbers. Alternatively, click on "Insert" in the top bar. This should bring up a ribbon on the top that allows you to add page numbers. This allows you to choose where the page numbers go. You can hover over each option ("Top of Page," "Bottom of Page," etc.) to see even more options, deciding if you want the number in the right, left, or center.  In the Design menu, Page Number should be on the far left. In the Insert menu, Page Number should be in the center. Once you select the exact position of your page numbers, Word will automatically add the numbers to your entire document. There are many options for page numbering. However, you can also adjust your own page numbers slightly if one isn't quite what you wanted. Each version of Word is slightly different, so some of the exact placement of buttons may change. However, all current versions of Word allow page numbering by double-clicking on the top or bottom of the page. This will allow you to open up the Page Number menu.


Nhấp đúp vào tài liệu Word mà bạn muốn chỉnh sửa. Nhấp vào thẻ Review (Xem lại). Nhấp vào Track Changes (Theo dấu thay đổi). Nhấp vào trình đơn thả xuống bên cạnh Track Changes. Nhấp vào All Markup. Nhấp và kéo chuột trên văn bản nào đó. Nhấp vào nút New Comment ở gần giữa hàng công cụ "Review" đầu cửa sổ Word. Nhập chú thích của bạn. Nhấp vào bất cứ đâu trên tài liệu.

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Doing so will open the document in Microsoft Word. It's in the blue section at the top of the document's page. Doing so will open a new set of options related to editing your document. This option is at the top of the Word page, near the middle of the screen. Clicking it will enable Microsoft Word's "Track Changes" feature. Doing so will present you with the following editing options:   Simple Markup - Draws a vertical red line on the far left side of any added or deleted text, but shows no other edits.  All Markup - Displays all changes you make to your document in red text and comment boxes on the left side of the page.  No Markup - Displays your changes in addition to the original document, but no red text or comment boxes appear.  Original - Displays the original document without your changes. This option allows you to leave comments for other users to review if need be. This will highlight the text. You'll want to highlight everything on which you wish to leave a comment (e.g., an entire sentence or paragraph). It's near the center of the "Review" row of tools at the top of the Word window. It will appear on the right side of the Microsoft Word window. Doing so will cement your comment, allowing you to move on to the next section of text that needs commenting. Be sure to save your document before closing to make sure that your comments are preserved.


Nhấp đúp vào tài liệu Word mà bạn muốn chỉnh sửa. Nhấp vào thẻ Review (Xem lại). Nhấp vào Track Changes. Nhấp vào trình đơn thả xuống bên cạnh Track Changes. Nhấp vào All Markup. Nhấp vào Ink Comment (Viết chú thích) ở góc trên bên phải phần "Comments" trong thanh công cụ đầu trang. Nhập chú thích của bạn vào khung bên phải trang. Nhấp hoặc nhấn vào bất cứ đâu trên tài liệu.

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Doing so will open the document in Microsoft Word. It's in the blue section at the top of the document's page. Doing so will open a new set of options related to editing your document. This option is at the top of the Word page, near the middle of the screen. Clicking it will enable Microsoft Word's "Track Changes" feature. Doing so will present you with the following editing options:   Simple Markup - Draws a vertical red line on the far left side of any added or deleted text, but shows no other edits.  All Markup - Displays all changes you make to your document in red text and comment boxes on the left side of the page.  No Markup - Displays your changes in addition to the original document, but no red text or comment boxes appear.  Original - Displays the original document without your changes. This option allows you to leave comments for other users to review if need be. It's in the top-right corner of the "Comments" section of the toolbar at the top of the page. You'll do so in the pane on the right side of the page.  If your computer doesn't have a touchscreen, you can click and drag the mouse to draw. The horizontal lines in the pane will disappear when you submit your comment. Doing so will cement your comment, allowing you to move on to the next section of text that needs commenting. Be sure to save your document before closing to make sure that your comments are preserved.


Nhấp đúp vào tài liệu Word đã chỉnh sửa. Đặt con trỏ chuột trên chú thích. Nhấp vào Reply (Trả lời). Nhập phản hồi của bạn. Nhấp vào bất cứ đâu trên tài liệu.

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Doing so will open the document in Microsoft Word. You'll see a couple of options appear below the comment. It's the leftmost option below your selected comment. It will appear indented below the original comment. Doing so will cement your reply to the comment.


Nhấp đúp vào tập tin 7z. Truy cập http://www.winzip.com/lan7z.htm. Nhấp vào “Download Now” (Tải xuống ngay bây giờ), sau đó lưu chương trình cài đặt vào thư mục Downloads. Nhấp đúp vào chương trình cài đặt và chọn “Run”. Nhấp đúp vào tập tin 7z. Nhấn Ctrl+A để chọn tất cả nội dung trong tập tin 7z. Nhấp vào nút “1-click Unzip”. Chọn “Unzip to PC or Cloud” (Giải nén vào máy tính hoặc đám mây) và chọn thư mục đích. Nhấp vào “Unzip” để giải nén nội dung trong tập tin 7z vào thư mục.

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The 7z file is an archive containing 1 or more files, compressed to a smaller size. You’ll need to extract the files to access them. Some Windows users already have a program called WinZip installed, which should unpack the 7z file.  If the 7z file fails to open after double-clicking, proceed with the following steps to download a trial version of WinZip. You may also want to try using 7-Zip for Windows as a free alternative. WinZip costs $29.95, but allows users to install and use the program for a free 30-day trial period.  ”. The program will install on your computer. The contents of the 7z file will appear in the WinZip window.   The default option is to create a new folder with the name of the 7z file, which should suffice. You can now view the files that were compressed into the 7z archive.


Nhấp đúp vào tệp cài đặt. Chờ WhatsApp cài đặt xong. Nhấp đúp vào WhatsApp. Mở WhatsApp trên điện thoại. Mở công cụ quét mã của WhatsApp. Chĩa ống kính máy ảnh của điện thoại vào mã.

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It's the file named "WhatsApp.dmg" on a Mac or "WhatsAppSetup" on a PC with the WhatsApp logo (a white phone on a green speech bubble) as its icon. You'll find the setup file in your computer's default download location (e.g., your desktop). Once it's done, you'll see the WhatsApp logo appear on your desktop. If you're installing WhatsApp on a Mac, you may first have to click and drag the "WhatsApp" icon into the "Applications" folder in the pop-up window. Doing so will open a window with a code you can scan. The code resembles a black checkered box with a black-and-white WhatsApp icon in the middle. If you don't have WhatsApp on your phone yet, you'll need to download and install it first. Depending on the type of phone you're using, this process will vary:   iPhone - Tap Settings in the bottom-right corner of your screen, then tap WhatsApp Web/Desktop near the top of the screen.  Android - Tap ⋮ and tap WhatsApp Web at the top of the menu. Doing so will cause WhatsApp to scan the code, which will verify your account and complete the WhatsApp installation process. You can now use WhatsApp on your computer. If the code expired, click the green circle in the middle of the code to reload it.


Nhận biết bong gân cấp độ 1. Nhận biết bong gân cấp độ 2. Nhận biết bong gân cấp độ 3. Nhận biết dấu hiệu gãy xương.

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Ankle sprains come in three different grades. Treatment options will be determined based on the severity of the injury. The least severe is a grade I sprain.  This is a minor tear that doesn't affect your ability to stand or walk. While it might be uncomfortable, you can still use your ankle normally. A grade I sprain may result in minor swelling and pain. In a minor sprain, swelling will usually go away in a few days.  Self-care is usually enough for a minor sprain. A grade II sprain is a moderate injury. It is an incomplete but substantial tear of a ligament or ligaments.  In a grade II sprain, you will not be able to use your ankle normally and will have trouble putting weight on it. You will experience moderate pain, bruising, and swelling. The ankle will feel loose and may look as if it has been pulled forward somewhat. For a grade II sprain, you will need medical attention and may need to use crutches and an ankle brace for a while to walk. A grade III sprain is a complete tear and loss of the structural integrity of the ligament.  With a grade III sprain, you will be unable to put any weight on the ankle and will be unable to stand without help. Pain and bruising will be severe. There will be significant swelling (more than 4 cm) around the fibula (calf bone). There may be notable foot and ankle deformity and high fibular fractures just below the knee, which can be determined by a medical examination. A grade III sprain requires the immediate attention of a doctor. A fracture is a bone injury that is especially common with high-speed ankle injuries in the healthy population or minor falling injuries in the elder population. The symptoms are often similar to a grade III sprain. A fracture will require X-rays and professional treatment.  A fractured ankle will be very painful and unstable. A minor or hairline fracture may be identical in symptoms to a sprain, but only a trained medical professional with X-rays can diagnose or rule this out. A popping sound at the moment of injury may be evidence of a...


Nhận biết bạo lực gia đình đối với nam giới. Đánh giá xem bạn có bị áp lực về mặt xã hội khi thú nhận việc này không. Xem xét liệu bạn có cảm thấy mình không thể tự vệ không.

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Male victims of domestic violence don’t just happen in gay relationships. Men can also be physically abused by women and suffer all of the signs of physical abuse and the accompanying abusive patterns. This often occurs in relationships where the men, for one reason or another, are in a financially inferior position to that of their female partners. Men who suffer from domestic violence and physical abuse often feel much more embarrassed of having endured the abuse. They might not be as likely to come forward because of social pressures. You may feel that you need to maintain a macho reputation, for example. You may be afraid of appearing weak, especially if your partner is a woman who is dominating and controlling the relationship. Men have been conditioned to not hit women, so they are less likely to fight back to protect themselves. If they do, they have the added worry of their partner claiming domestic violence against her. Since women are most often the victims of domestic violence, her case may be believed over the man’s case.  Men may be less likely to call for help, even if the woman had a weapon and is willing to use it. The woman may threaten that she will injure herself in order to claim domestic abuse. She may also use an injury caused by the man protecting himself in this way. Then, she may tell the police that the man was the abuser and get him arrested instead. Abused men have an added stigma and often have no recourse when they are abused by women. They are often not believed, nor are people as sympathetic towards their predicament, which leads to further isolation and stigmatization.


Nhận biết chòm sao Southern Cross (Nam Thập). Dùng chòm sao Nam Thập để tìm hướng Nam. Chọn một cột mốc.

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In the Southern Hemisphere, the constellation of the Southern Cross (aka Crux) can be used to guide you in a southerly direction. Five stars make this constellation, and its four brightest form an angled cross. Find the two stars that make up the lengthwise portion of the cross and imagine a line that extends out four and a half times greater than the full length of the cross. When you reach the terminus of that imaginary line, draw another imaginary line that extends to the ground. This is, in general, the direction of south.  When the cross is lying horizontal, the "four and a half times" mark will be less than one degree from true south.  When the cross is vertical or upside down, the mark will be about two and a half degrees (about a thumb's width) from true south. Once you’ve determined the general direction in which south lies, it might be helpful to find a landmark at that location on the ground so that you don’t lose where south lies.


Nhận biết chó thừa cân có nhiều khả năng mắc bệnh tiểu đường. Lưu ý đối với chó hơn 7 tuổi. Nhận biết giống chó dễ bị tiểu đường.

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Canine diabetes can start when a dog is heavier than average. The best way to see if this could be an issue for your dog is by checking your dog's rib cage. Run your hand along your dog's rib cage. You should be able to feel the ribs easily. If not, your dog may be overweight. Some dogs have incredibly long and thick coats which may make it more difficult to feel their ribs. Another good test is to feel for their back hip bones. If you can feel them by pressing down lightly, then your dog is probably not overweight. If your pet is overweight, talk to your veterinarian about safely decreasing calories and increasing exercise. There are special diets that may be appropriate or you may achieve success with your dog by cutting down on treats and snacks and adding in a few more walks per week. Diabetes usually develops in dogs between the ages of seven and nine. As your dog gets older, decreased exercise can lead to weight gain. This usually indicates increased levels of glucose and an insufficient level of insulin, which leads to diabetes. Some breeds of dogs are more commonly affected with diabetes, although any dog can develop the disease. Miniature Poodles, Mini Schnauzers, Dachshunds, Beagles and Cairn Terriers are well represented on this list. Mixed breed dogs are not immune to developing diabetes. Intact females (unspayed) are more prone to diabetes. A high-risk dog is an overweight, intact female from an predisposed breed such as a Dachshund or Beagle.


Nhận biết chủ nghĩa bi quan. Tìm những dấu hiệu của sự trầm cảm. Nói chuyện với người bạn ấy về chứng trầm cảm. Quan sát những dấu hiệu của hội chứng lo âu. Động viên cậu ấy tìm đến những giải pháp điều trị chứng lo âu. Thấu hiểu nỗi bất an và lòng tự trọng của họ. Nhận ra rằng tiêu cực chỉ là một phần trong tiềm thức.

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Pessimism is the orientation toward life of expecting that things will go poorly. Usually, people become pessimistic because things in their lives actually did go badly. Pessimistic people often seem negative because they are quick to shoot down ideas and possibilities. Just remember that these people most likely have a history of bad things happening in their lives, so from their perspective, pessimism might seem totally reasonable.  People who have pessimistic views may see positive thinking as "sticking your head in the sand" or refusing to acknowledge life's problems. You can help encourage your friend learn to think more positively by modeling healthy positive thinking in your interactions.  For example, a friend with a pessimistic view may say, "I shouldn't even try for that interview, because I'll never get the job." Someone who is refusing to acknowledge reality might respond, "Oh, you'll definitely get the job! There's no way you're not the best!" While this may sound positive, it isn't helpful because it's clearly unrealistic and doesn't acknowledge your friend's genuine concerns. Instead, be positive but realistic: "Okay, maybe you might not be the most qualified person in the world for that job...but you won't know if you can get it unless you apply. You do have a lot of the qualities they're looking for. What would it hurt to apply?" Depression is a mood disorder marked by symptoms such as feeling hopeless, an inability to feel pleasure, and extended fatigue. Depression is the source of a lot of negativity; understanding it will help you understand negative friends who may be depressed. Depression is caused by a lot of different factors outside the control of the person, such as genes, family environment, and peer environment. People who feel depressed have difficulty mustering the energy to do things. Because of how tired and “low down” depressed people feel, they may seem really negative and unhappy.  People with major depression can't just "snap out" of feeling bad. However, depression is very...


Nhận biết chức năng của sắt trong cơ thể. Hiểu rõ nhu cầu sắt của cơ thể. Hiểu rõ về tình trạng thiếu hụt sắt. Theo dõi lượng sắt hấp thụ và xét nghiệm nếu cần thiết.

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Iron is a mineral that is present in every single cell in our bodies, and thus is essential to body function and good health.  As part of the protein hemoglobin, iron helps carry oxygen throughout our bodies.  It is also a key component of enzymes that facilitate digestion and numerous other body functions. Basically, iron is everywhere -- and is needed everywhere -- in your body. The U.S. Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of iron varies by gender and age. To access the full chart, go to: http://www.healthsupplementsnutritionalguide.com/recommended-daily-allowances/. Some highlights include:  Children between ages 7 months and 8 years need between 7 to 11 milligrams of iron daily, based on age. Teens between ages 9 and 18 need between 8 to 15 mg / day, based on age and gender. Males age 19 and above need 8 mg daily. Females age 19-50 need 18 mg / day, and 8 mg / day after that.  Pregnant women need 27 mg / day. Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency and in the U.S. and the primary cause of anemia, which affects organs throughout the body.  Iron deficiency can cause fatigue and mental impairment in adults, premature birth in fetuses, and motor/mental function development impairment in infants, among other problems. Iron deficiency is most common during periods of rapid body growth (infancy or pregnancy, for example) or due to blood loss (such as menstruation or an internal bleeding condition). Use the nutritional information on the foods you eat to keep track of the iron you are consuming, and look up the amount you should consume daily based on age and gender as per your RDA.  If you suspect your iron intake is low, or have symptoms like tiredness or apathy, simple blood tests can determine whether you have an iron deficiency or anemia, a shortage of red blood cells that can be caused by iron deficiency. Regular blood testing for iron levels can tell you if your iron supplement is working and help you adjust the dosage to know when you are getting enough.


Nhận biết các dấu hiệu cảnh báo. Đến gặp bác sĩ. Xét nghiệm để xác định liệu thực sự bạn có bị viêm phổi hay không.

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For healthy individuals, pneumonia can start like the flu or a bad cold. The major difference is that the feeling of being sick will last much longer when you are suffering from pneumonia. If you are experiencing prolonged sickness, you may have pneumonia, so it is important to know the symptoms to look out for. Specific symptoms will vary from person to person, but they generally include some or all the following.   Fever, sweating and shaking chills Cough, which may produce phlegm Chest pain when you breathe or cough Shortness of breath Tiredness Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea Confusion Headache If you are experiencing the above symptoms, and have a fever of 102°F (39°C) or higher, you should notify your healthcare professional. He will be able to advise you on the best course of action. This is especially true for vulnerable groups, which include children under two, adults over 65 and people with a weakened immune system. Once at your doctor's office, she will perform a number of tests to determine if you do indeed have pneumonia. If you do, the doctor will be able to either recommend treatment or, in some cases, suggest hospitalization. When you visit the doctor, you can expect her to begin with a physical exam and to possibly move on to a number of other tests.   The doctor will listen to your lungs with a stethoscope, listening specifically for crackling, bubbling, and rumbling sounds when you inhale, and for areas of your lungs where the sound of breathing cannot be heard as normal. The doctor may order a chest X-ray. Note that viral-based pneumonia does not have a known treatment. Your doctor will inform you what to do in this case. For hospitalized cases, you will receive antibiotics, intravenous fluids, and possibly oxygen therapy to treat pneumonia.


Nhận biết các dấu hiệu của bệnh trầm cảm. Hãy đề nghị bác sĩ kiểm tra các nguyên nhân bệnh lý khác. Tìm hiểu đầy đủ về bệnh trầm cảm. Thử áp dụng liệu pháp trò chuyện. Cân nhắc dùng thuốc. Hãy thử các liệu pháp điều trị hoặc phương thuốc khác.

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If you haven't already sought help for your depression, it's vital that you do so and don't try to go through this alone. There are many common symptoms associated with depression. If you identify with one or more of those listed below, seek advice from your doctor. Signs of depression include:  An inability to function normally in everyday life. Feelings of loneliness and losing relationships with friends. Inability to enjoy activities you once loved, such as reading, playing video games, drawing, etc. Lethargy, fatigue, and the feeling that doing things takes a lot of your energy. Persistent sadness, including fits of crying either uncontrollably or being set off easily, feelings of anxiety or emptiness. Feeling blue, sad, and down consistently over a period of at least two weeks. Feelings of worthlessness, self-blame and a lack of self esteem. Sleeping a large more or less than usual, or experiencing insomnia. Unusual weight gain or loss, overeating, or appetite loss. Finding thinking or concentrating difficult, "foggy" thinking, inability to make clear decisions or forgetfulness.  Pessimism, or feeling a sense that life is hopeless, pointless and futile. This may even lead to a feeling of numbness. Body pains, cramps, digestive problems, headaches, and other aches that don't go away with medication or treatment. These may appear "for no reason".  Being irritable or restless a great deal of the time.  Suicidal thoughts, thoughts about dying, or attempts at suicide. Some depression results from, or is a side effect of, medical conditions or treatment for other medical conditions. In some cases, medical conditions can mimic depression. It's important for your doctor to identify any physical causes for depression that require specific treatments or to eliminate other reasons for your condition. Common medical conditions that might trigger depression include:   Vitamin or mineral deficiencies, especially for people on restrictive diets. B vitamins are associated with depression, although it's unclear whether...


Nhận biết các dấu hiệu hung hăng thụ động. Đảm bảo bạn không phản ứng thái quá. Để ý xem người đó khiến bạn cảm thấy thế nào.

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The insidious nature of passive aggression is that it creates plausible deniability in the person doing it. When confronted, he or she may deny knowing what you are talking about or accuse you of overreacting. Stay centered in your own perceptions, and learn how to identify passive aggression.  Some expressions of passive-aggressive behavior include sarcastic remarks and responses, being overly critical, temporary compliance (the person verbally agrees to the request but chooses to delay acting upon it), intentional inefficiency (the person complies with the request but fulfills the request in a poor manner), allowing a problem to escalate through inaction and taking pleasure in the resulting anguish, sneaky and deliberate actions taken in order to get revenge, complaints of injustice, and the silent treatment. "I'm not mad" and "I was just joking" are some common things that passive-aggressive people say.  Other signs of passive aggression can include hostility toward demands made on their time, even if it's understated, hostility toward figures of authority or those more fortunate, procrastination in dealing with other people's requests, purposefully doing a bad job for other people, acting cynical, sullen, or argumentative, and complaints about being under-appreciated.  Passive-aggressive behavior is defined as indirect resistance to the demands of others and an avoidance of direct confrontation. The avoidance of direct confrontation is where we may find the most trouble. It might seem like a person's trying to get under your skin, but it's also possible that you are being overly suspicious and taking their behavior personally. Examine your own insecurities — are you used to people in your past giving you a hard time? Does this person remind you of that? Are you assuming this person is doing what the people in your past did?  Put yourself in the other person's shoes. From that perspective, do you think a reasonable person might act similarly in those circumstances?  Bear in mind, too, that some people may...


Nhận biết các dấu hiệu thiếu nước của cây. Phun sương nhẹ cho cây trong 1-5 ngày. Dần dần tăng lượng nước tưới.

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Your succulents are probably under-watered if:  the upper leaves are becoming dry and crispy the entire plant has become shriveled (although it is difficult to revive it at this point) many leaves are shriveling at the tips This will help transition them to a regular watering routine. Giving them a 'full dose' of water after a long period of time without water might damage the plants. After they have gotten used to the change, gradually return to their regular watering schedule. You can then water them with a watering can, and they should be back to normal in 1-3 weeks!


Nhận biết các dấu hiệu thể chất. Nhận biết khi các dấu hiệu cảm xúc khởi phát. Đếm đến mười. Hít thở sâu. Thay đổi môi trường xung quanh. Thử nghĩ về một điều khôi hài nào đó. Cho mọi người biết là bạn đang mệt. Tránh những tình huống khiến bạn nổi giận. Nghỉ ngơi.

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Anger can make you feel certain physical symptoms. No matter what the stress is, our bodies will automatically be ready to meet a threat. When the body is in stress mode, it goes into a fight-or-flight response that causes physical symptoms. These can include:  Tense muscles and clenched jaw Your head or stomach hurts Your heart is racing You feel sweaty Your face flushes Your body or hands shake You feel dizzy Anger is often accompanied by a flood of other emotions. After all, the amygdala, the center for emotions, is pumping out signals with all its might to meet a threat and ensure your survival. So it’s not surprising that you can get a flood of other related emotions. These emotions are capable of sounding the alarms for the fight and flight response. Along with anger, you might feel:  Irritation Sadness Depression Guilt Resentment Anxiousness Defensiveness If you feel yourself getting angry and are experiencing physical or emotional symptoms of anger, you can tell yourself that you don’t have to react right away. Counting can help you put off your feelings for the moment. It might feel a bit silly at first, but counting really can distract your long enough to calm down. Give yourself time to sort out your feelings. Taking deep breaths can restore oxygen to your brain and calm the stress response that you’re experiencing.  Breathe in for a count of four, hold for a count of four, and exhale for a count of four. Make sure you are breathing with your diaphragm rather than with your chest. When you breathe with your diaphragm, your belly extends out (you can feel it with your hand). Do this as many times as necessary until you start feeling calmer. If you feel your blood start to boil, take yourself out of the immediate environment. Take a walk. Deep breathe. If you are able to remove yourself from the situation, do it. Not having the stimulus in front of you, the thing or person you are mad at, will help you calm yourself down. If you can’t leave, then try turning your back for a few minutes and closing...


Nhận biết các dấu hiệu và triệu chứng của tình trạng tiêu xương chân răng để xử lý hiệu quả. Hiểu rằng bệnh nướu răng là nguyên nhân hàng đầu gây tiêu xương chân răng. Biết rằng bệnh tiểu đường góp phần gia tăng nguy cơ mất xương. Hiểu rằng bệnh loãng xương góp phần làm yếu xương và mất xương một cách tổng thể. Nhớ rằng việc nhổ răng có thể dẫn đến tiêu xương chân răng.

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Dental bone loss in its early stages is difficult to detect just by looking at your teeth. Dentists usually need radiographs or a CT-Scan to see if your bone is shrinking. If you haven't consulted with your dentist for a long time, chances are you'd only realize that you have dental bone loss during its more severe stages.  You can observe some changes if you are suffering from bone loss. These changes happen because your bone is shrinking and supporting your teeth less effectively. Note that these changes only develop over time: Flaring of teeth Formation of spaces in between  teeth Teeth feel loose and can be moved from side to side Tilting of teeth Rotating of teeth Your bite feels different compared to before Periodontitis or severe gum disease, caused by the bacteria found in plaque, results in dental bone loss. The bacteria present in plaque inhabit your gums and secrete toxins that cause your bone to shrink. Additionally, your immune system can contribute to bone loss as it is in the process of killing bacteria. This is because your immune cells secrete substances (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases, IL-1 beta, prostaglandin E2, TNF-alpha) that can also promote bone loss. Diabetes is a disease that is caused by the impairment of insulin production (Type I) and resistance to insulin (Type 2). Both types of diabetes have effects on oral health. People suffering from diabetes often have severe gum problems that can result in dental bone loss.  People with diabetes are hyperglycemic, or have elevated blood sugar levels that promotes the growth of bacteria responsible for bone loss. People with diabetes have impaired host defenses because their white blood cells are weakened, making them more prone to infection. Osteoporosis is a disease often seen in women over the age of 60, wherein bone density decreases. This decrease is due to an imbalance in the calcium-phosphate equilibrium that helps maintain the mineral content of bone, combined with decreased estrogen levels. A decrease in overall bone density also...


Nhận biết các dấu hiệu và triệu chứng sỏi thận. Hiểu biết quá trình hình thành sỏi thận. Tìm hiểu về tác hại của sỏi thận. Lưu ý một số giống chó dễ bị sỏi thận. Hiểu biết phương pháp điều trị sỏi thận phổ biến.

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In some cases, there are no obvious signs that a dog has a kidney stone. Kidney stones might be found during an x-ray or ultrasound for another condition in the affected dog. In other cases, there are certain clues or signs that might make a veterinarian suspicious that a dog has a kidney stone. These include:  Blood in the urine Frequent urination and increased drinking Recurring urinary tract infections Loss of appetite Vomiting Weight loss Difficulty urinating Lack of energy Painful belly Kidney stones are the result of minerals found in the urine. The kidney is the urine formation organ in the body. In some cases, as the urine forms the minerals which should dissolve in the urine do not dissolve. Instead, they start forming into stones. These stones can be microscopic or large enough to fill cavities in the kidney. Regardless of size these are not normal and can potentially damage the kidneys. Kidney stones can block your dog's urine flow and cause his kidneys to swell if the stone is too large. A blockage may result in serious illness and even death, so it is crucial to contact your veterinarian right away if you suspect that your dog has a kidney stone. Kidney stones may also lodge in the bladder or start to form in the bladder itself. This process is more common and some dogs’ bladders may fill completely with stones. No matter where a stone forms, it will cause infection and on-going damage to the kidney or bladder. Certain dog breeds are more susceptible to kidney stones than others. It is good to know if your dog is one of these breeds so that you can check for symptoms more often.  Lhasa Apsos, Yorkshire Terriers, and Miniature Poodles are more susceptible to kidney stones made of calcium and oxalic acid Dalmatians, Yorkshire Terriers, and English Bulldogs. are more susceptible to kidney stones made of uric acid. If you think that your dog has a kidney stone, you will need to take him to the veterinarian as soon as possible. Do not wait or the stones may become much worse. Treatments for kidney...


Nhận biết các dấu hiệu và triệu chứng. Kiên nhẫn với bệnh tràn dịch tinh mạc. Sử dụng liệu pháp tắm với muối Epsom. Tránh chấn thương ở tinh hoàn và các bệnh lây truyền qua đường tình dục. BIết khi nào cần điều trị y khoa.

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The first indication of a hydrocele is a painless swelling or enlargement of the scrotum, representing a fluid collection around one or both testicles. Babies rarely have complications from a hydrocele and the vast majority disappear before the age of one without treatment. In contrast, men with hydroceles may eventually experience discomfort as the scrotum swells and gets heavy. It can create difficulty sitting or walking / running in extreme cases.  Pain or discomfort from a hydrocele is generally correlated to its size — the bigger it gets, the more likely you'll feel it. Hydroceles tend to be smaller in the morning (upon waking) and then get more swollen as the day progresses. Straining may cause certain hydrocele's to increase in size. Babies born prematurely have a greater risk of having hydroceles. In the vast majority of cases among baby boys, teenagers and men, hydroceles go away on their own without any specific treatment. The blockage or congestion near the testicle(s) resolves itself and the hydrocele drains and gets absorbed into the body. Thus, if you notice an enlarged scrotum and it's not painful or causing problems with urination or during sex, give it some time to resolve itself.  For baby boys, hydroceles usually fade away on their own within one year of being born. For men, hydroceles often gradually disappear within six months, depending on the cause. Larger ones may take more time, but shouldn't go beyond one year without medical intervention. However, in children and adolescents hydroceles can be caused by infection, trauma, testicular torsion or tumor, so these conditions must be excluded by examination from a doctor. Hydroceles are similar to fluid-filled ganglions that form in tendon sheaths near joints and then gradually disappear. If you notice a painless swelling in your testicle(s)/scrotum, take a very warm bath with at least a few cups of Epsom salt added. Relax in the tub for between 15 – 20 minutes with your legs slightly spread, so that the water engulfs your scrotum. The...


Nhận biết các dấu hiệu. Nhận biết những dấu hiệu của riêng bạn. Đến bác sĩ khám nếu kinh nguyệt không đều. Điều hòa chu kỳ kinh nguyệt.

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Learn what symptoms are normal for women to experience during and just before their periods start. The following symptoms are experienced by many women during their menstrual cycle:  Irritability Mood swings Minor headaches Stomach aches Cramping in stomach, legs, or back Changes in appetite Cravings for particular tastes or foods Acne outbreaks Tender breasts Feeling tired or sleepy Back or shoulder pains Every woman's cycle is unique. Record the symptoms you experience before and during each period to help you predict an upcoming period. Recognize the warning symptoms that frequently precede your period. Write down the symptom(s) you experience and their severity on each day. Irregular periods can be a symptom of many conditions that need medical attention. Some of the most common medical problems that cause irregular periods include:  Pelvic organ problems like imperforate hymen or polycystic ovary syndrome  Irritable bowel syndrome Liver disease Diabetes Eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia Obesity Tuberculosis If your period is irregular, you should see your doctor. Make sure you find a doctor you are comfortable talking to, as this can feel like a sensitive subject for some. Sometimes, there may be an underlying health issue causing irregularity; other times, irregular periods can be regulated with lifestyle changes such as weight loss or changing your type of birth control.