Article in English: Start saving up empty toilet paper rolls and keep a box of dryer sheets handy for when you want to smoke without anyone knowing. You can blow your smoke into the dryer sheet-stuffed tube and it will pass through smelling like the dryer sheets. You can also use an empty 20-ounce soda bottle with the bottom removed. These work great since the bottle is already made to fit in your mouth. Ensure that they're evenly spread between each opening so that the smoke will have to pass through the dryer sheets. If you are making a sploof from a soda bottle, use six or seven dryer sheets. After you take a drag on your cigarette or pipe, place one end of the toilet paper roll over your mouth and exhale into the tube. Make sure that you blow all of smoke into the tube. When the smoke comes out on the other side, it will smell dryer fresh. If you can't make a sploof, simply blow your smoke into a damp towel, t-shirt or other fabric. The moist material will absorb the smoke and its odor. Be sure you use fabric that's not frequently used and launder it immediately after you smoke.

Summary in Portuguese:

Reúna os materiais necessários para fazer o sploof. Coloque três ou quatro toalhinhas amaciantes no tubo. Solte a fumaça dentro do sploof.


Article in English: Start sleeping in the nude. It’s not as unusual as it may sound—many people prefer feeling unrestrained when they go to bed at night. If you share a room with someone else, be considerate before you simply bare it all. You may have to have a talk with your roommate about your preferred sleeping arrangement to find out if they would have an issue with you being naked in the same room. Sleeping naked can keep you cooler and make you more relaxed as you’re drifting off to sleep. Take advantage of an empty house by shedding your clothes when you’re the only one home. You can prance around in the buff all you want without having to worry about offending anyone. Just make sure you know when everyone is expected back to prevent any awkward surprises.  You could also wait until everyone else is asleep to get loose of your garments. Avoid open windows while you’re naked at home. There’s a big difference between going natural and giving the neighbors a show. If you have your own room, make it known that you prefer to go naked when you’re alone. You might put up a sign announcing that if you’re in your room with the door closed, you’re probably not wearing any clothes. You could also simply inform your family members about your choice to go nude and request that they knock before barging in.  Depending on your family’s own privacy rules, you could always just lock the door when you need to let your body breathe. Have some clothes nearby that are easy to slip in and out of in case you need to go back and forth from your room frequently. Assuming you’re not the shy type and don’t mind your loved ones seeing you at your most vulnerable, take small steps toward gaining your family's permission to go without clothes. Ask the people you live with how they would feel about casual nudity before trying it out to avoid creating an awkward environment. If they’re agreeable to the idea, you can appear naked more often, little by little, until it just becomes a fact of your household.  Breach the topic by asking an earnest question...

Summary in Portuguese:

Durma sem roupas. Tire as roupas quando ninguém estiver em casa. Transforme o seu quarto em uma zona "sem roupas". Tenha a certeza de que as pessoas ao redor não se incomodam com o seu nudismo.


Article in English: Start the game off with an extra row of six free face-up cards in reserve. These cards may be played at any time throughout the game. Keep in mind that the reserve row isn't replenished; you only get six reserve cards per game. Try using a reserve row if you're having trouble winning the basic game. As you build your pyramid, try spacing out the cards differently to create new and unique patterns. You don't necessarily need a perfect pyramid to create a playable game. You could also make a pyramid with essentially the same layout as the basic game but with an extra row, making the base eight cards wide. Only allow yourself to go through your stock once. Waste cards can never return to the stock, and the only way to go back through your waste is to match each top card. This adds a challenge to the game if you find yourself getting too good at it. In addition to the extra difficulty, this variation has more unwinnable hands.

Summary in Portuguese:

Jogue com um conjunto de cartas de reserva. Brinque com o tamanho e o formato do layout. Passe apenas uma vez pelo monte de compras.


Article in English: Start the question with “What if,” “Why,” or “How.” The question should relate to the topic, theme, or idea of your essay. It should draw the reader in and make them think. For example, you may use a question like, “What if we lived in a world where women were not constantly under threat of violence?” or “Why shouldn’t everyone have access to free healthcare in America?” Questions that can be answered with a “yes” or “no” are usually too obvious and general. You also run the risk of the reader answering “no” to your question and not reading the rest of your essay or paper. For example, rather than start with a question like, “Have you ever thought about the consequences of your actions?” you may rephrase it as, “Why is it important to consider the consequences of our actions?” Sum up your perspective in a short, declarative statement. Discuss your perspective on the text you are discussing as well as a key point that will help to frame your essay or paper. For example, you may write, “Shakespeare’s Othello is a play about the doomed nature of love and the power of desire.” Or you may write, “Drunk driving is an epidemic in America that seems to only get worse every year.” ” Do this if you are writing an opinion piece or a personal essay. For example, you may write, “I believe our country needs to acknowledge fundamental issues in its democracy” or “From my perspective, there is no need to have multiple political parties in a democracy.” Open with a statement that presents a position that is the opposite of your own. You can then explore how and why you oppose this position in your essay. This a good way to open with a bang and get your reader to pay attention. For example, you may write, “Right-wing conservatives believe immigrants are to blame for many of the issues facing America today. I am going to explore how and why this position is flawed.” This is a good option if you are writing a personal essay or an opinion piece. Exaggerate details of the story to pull the reader in. Paint a visual picture in the...

Summary in Portuguese:

Faça uma pergunta instigante e desafiadora movida por “E se”, “Por que” ou “Como”. Não faça perguntas cujas respostas só possam ser “sim” ou “não”. Faça uma afirmação que descreva seu ponto de vista. Expresse uma opinião com “Acredito que” ou “Do meu ponto de vista”. Escreva uma afirmação que exponha uma verdade que você desafiará. Faça uma abertura exagerada.


Article in English: Start to prepare a spaghetti squash by cutting it in half lengthwise.  Remove the seeds from the center of the squash with a large spoon. If you plan to bake the squash, rub olive oil inside it.  Consider seasoning it with whatever spices you prefer, though salt and pepper are a sure bet. Whichever method you choose, take care to avoid overcooking spaghetti squash, as this will detrimentally affect its flavor and texture. Preheat your oven to 375°F (191°C). Place the halves of the squash cut sides down in a casserole dish that is large enough to allow them to rest flat. The dish shouldn’t have too much excess space.  Our ½ cup of water into the dish to help keep the squash from drying out.  Bake for 30 to 35 minutes, or until tender.  To roast a whole, uncut squash, make several small cuts in the rind and cook at 350° F (180° C) for 60 to 90 minutes.  You can also boil the squash until the flesh is tender. Cut it into large pieces, such as halves, and boil it for about twenty minutes and check for tenderness. Tightly cover a dish containing a half squash, cut side down and a small amount of water with plastic wrap.  Microwave on high for 12 minutes and check to see if the flesh is tender. You can rake all the way to the rind. The resultant strips of flesh make a great alternative to spaghetti. Try them with your favorite spaghetti sauce, tossed in olive oil and sea salt, or with anything else that strikes your fancy. Spaghetti squash does not actually taste like wheat spaghetti. It will be sweeter, with a crunchier texture.

Summary in Portuguese:

Corte no comprimento da abóbora-espaguete. Asse ou cozinhe. Esquente no micro-ondas. Pegue os fios da polpa do vegetal.


Article in English: Start with 4-5 pennies at a time to avoid overcrowding the dish. There should be enough room for each of the pennies to be completely immersed. Make sure the pennies stay separated at the bottom of the container. If you’re attempting to clean a large amount of pennies, you may need to empty the dish and mix up some fresh solution periodically. The vinegar and salt duo will act fast, so there’s no need to leave them in for too long. As the pennies soak, you should be able to notice the dark colored tarnish and other gunk melting away from the copper before your very eyes.  Shake the pennies at the bottom of the dish as they soak to release even more buildup. Especially dirty coins can be left to soak for up to five minutes. Remove the pennies from the solution one at a time and place them in the palm of your hand. Rub the pad of your finger over both faces of the penny to polish it. A little bit of friction will help buff away any remaining grime that the solution didn’t dissolve on its own.  Go over the entire surface of the coin using smooth, circular motions. You can also lightly scour the pennies using a toothbrush or cotton swab for a more thorough cleaning. Hold the pennies under the faucet for a few seconds, or swish them through a separate dish that’s filled with water. This will help flush away any loose dirt or vinegar coating the surface of the coin. When you’re done, the pennies should shine they like’re fresh out of the mint!  Once you’ve rinsed the pennies, set them aside on a layer of paper towels to dry. You may not be able to erase every last trace of discoloration on very old pennies. Eventually, other substances can set up in the metal, making them more or less permanent.

Summary in Portuguese:

Mergulhe algumas moedas na solução. Deixe as moedas de molho por 20 a 30 segundos. Esfregue as moedas com as mãos. Enxágue as moedas com água limpa.


Article in English: Start with something that is about the size of your thumbnail; this will make the ideal size for a charm or ornament. You will be positioning the oval sideways, with the narrow ends on the sides. Your angel's skin tone can be as fair or as dark as you'd like. This step is optional, but it can give your angel a more professional touch. Add a tiny ball of clay to the center of the face. Blend in the edges using a clay tool. Use a toothpick to carve in a simple mouth. This will be the angel's gown, so you can use any color you want. White and pastel colors work especially well. Flare out the bottom of the cone into a trumpet-like shape. For a fancier touch, add ripples to it the flared part with a clay tool or the end of a paintbrush. Start by cutting off the pointed tip of the cone with a pair of scissors or a craft blade. Smooth the cut edge so that it is more rounded. For a more detailed gown: roll some clay into a ball, then flatten it into a disk. Press it onto the cone. It should be the same width as the top of the cone. Pull off two more small chunks of the same clay you used for your angel's gown. Roll them into cones, about half the height of the body cone. Make them fairly thin and a little bit shorter than the cone.  Use the end of a paintbrush or a clay tool to make dents in the bottom of the cone. This will make attaching the hands easier. If you don't want your angel's gown to have sleeves, roll out two thin coils if skin-toned clay instead. Round the ends to make hands. Attach the tips of the arm cones to the top of the body cone. You can position the arms flat against the body, or bend them into a different position. If you wish to bend the arms into a different position, do it before you attach them. Don't worry if they look too short now. You will add hands next, which will lengthen them. Pick off two small chunks of the clay you used for the head. Roll them into to small balls, a little bit narrower than the base of the arm cones. Gently press them against the bottom of the arm cones, right in...

Summary in Portuguese:

Role um pouco de argila da cor desejada para a pele em uma oval para fazer a cabeça. Acrescente alguns detalhes à cabeça. Faça um pequeno cone, mais ou menos do mesmo tamanho da cabeça. Amasse a parte de cima do cone. Enrole dois cones menores para fazer os braços. Prenda os braços. Acrescente duas bolinhas pequenas da cor da pele para fazer as mãos. Prenda a cabeça ao corpo. Asse o anjo por cerca de dez minutos.


Article in English: Start with the English pronunciation of the Latin alphabet. Distinguish vowels and consonants, and note that every syllable in every word must contain a vowel (note that “y” sometimes count as a vowel). Discuss general rules for recognizing whether vowels are long or short, and note exceptions.  For instance, explain that a vowel in a 1-syllable word that ends in a consonant is usually short, as in “bad,” “bed,” “sit,” “log,” and “but.” Note exceptions, such as “told,” “scold,” or “child.” When 2 vowels are next to each other, the first vowel is usually long and the second is silent, as in “bead” or “tried.” Note exceptions to the rule, such as “chief” or the past tense usage of “read.” After introducing simple consonant sounds, such as “l,” “r,” and “s,” add consonant combinations, including “ch,” “dr,” “gr,” “pr,” “sh,” “sl,” “st,” and “tr.” Clusters such as “th,” “str,” “sts,” and “lth,” might be challenging for some students. While many of these consonant combinations occur in other languages, some students might have difficulty with sounds that are unique to English.  For example, “th” occurs rarely in other languages and can be difficult for most ESL learners to master. Vietnamese native speakers typically have trouble with the consonant clusters “sts,” “ts,” and “str.” Mandarin and Korean native speakers often have trouble with combinations that include “r” or “l.” Show students exactly how to use their mouth and tongue to make phonemes, or the basic sounds of the English language. Exaggerate your mouth’s round shape for the long “o” in “boat” and “low.” Tell students how and where to place their tongue to pronounce sounds like “th” and “l.”  Show students how you curl your tongue and touch it to the roof of your mouth to make the “l” in “lid.” Explain how you press your lips together to make a “b,” then quickly use your tongue to make the “l” in “blur.” Exaggerate how your tongue grazes and peeks past your upper front teeth to say the “th” in “that.” Gently correct students if they use a more familiar...

Summary in Portuguese:

Ensine as regras básicas da fonética inglesa. Mostre aos alunos como fazer os sons que unem consoantes diferentes. Demonstre sons exagerando com a boca, lábios e língua. Encoraje os alunos a praticar sons diferentes diligentemente. Ensine vocabulário semanalmente para ajudar os alunos a memorizar exceções. Use um elástico para visualizar as consoantes sonoras e surdas.


Article in English: Start with the basics, like foundation, lip gloss, and eyeshadow. Pick makeup based on your skin tone. Only wear as much makeup as you feel comfortable with, as being girly does not necessarily mean you have to wear a ton of makeup every day.  Watch online tutorials to learn how to apply makeup in different ways. Ask friends who wear makeup to teach you how to apply it. Go to your local cosmetics store and play around with different foundations, bronzers, blushes, and eye shadows. Ask a makeup artist at the store to help you learn how to apply makeup. Play around with styling your hair in a top bun, where you leave some of your hair down and put the top layer of your hair in a small bun. You can also do a top knot, where you put all your hair up in a high bun on your head. Braids are also a fun way to be more girly. Do a french braid, a side braid, a fishtail braid, or a crown braid. When you sit or stand, keep your spine straight and your chin up. Roll your shoulders back and your chest forward. Avoid slouching or curving your back. You can also try crossing your legs when you sit or sitting with your legs close together, especially if you are wearing a skirt or dress. Take care of your hair by washing and conditioning it regularly. Keep your nails trimmed and get manicures at a nail salon, or give yourself a home manicure. Make sure you smell nice by having regular showers and using bath wash or perfume that smells floral and sweet. Get your eyebrows waxed or plucking them at home. Remove hair on your upper lip at home or get it done professionally at a salon.  You may also remove hair on your legs and armpits. Try shaving or waxing these areas at home. See an esthetician if you are nervous about waxing these areas yourself.

Summary in Portuguese:

Se divirta com a sua maquiagem. Prenda seu cabelo ou faça tranças. Mantenha a boa postura Cuide da sua higiene pessoal. Cuide do seu rosto e cabelo.


Article in English: Start with the editor’s last name, then type out the initials of their first and middle name. Next, add “(Ed.)” and then the year of publication in parentheses. After this, write out the italicized book title, capitalizing only the first words of the title and subtitle. End with the location, a colon, and the publication date.  For example: Reverby, S. M. (Ed.). (2000). Tuskegee’s truths: Rethinking the Tuskegee syphilis study. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. You should always capitalize proper nouns in titles and subtitles. ” As with 1 editor, you’ll use the editors’ last names and initials. All of the editors’ names should be inverted.  For example: Osgood, K., & Frank,  A. K. (Eds.). (2010). Selling war in a media age: The presidency and public opinion in the American century. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. While you should list up to 7 editors’ names in your reference list, you can represent all but the first editor’s name by “et al.” in your in-text citations when there are 6 or more editors. For these books, you’ll write out the last names and initials of the first 6 editors listed on the title page. After that, include an ellipsis (...) followed by the last name and initials of the last editor listed on the title page. Type out the author’s last name, followed by their first and middle initials. Place the publication date inside parentheses. Next, include the title of the chapter without quotation marks. Write out “In” followed by the editor(s)’ name, a comma, and the italicized book title. Reference the page numbers of the chapter in parentheses and end with the publication location and publisher. For example: Yoon, C. K. (2000). Families emerge as silent victims of Tuskegee syphilis experiments. In S. M. Reverby (Ed.), Tuskegee’s truths: Rethinking the Tuskegee syphilis study. (pp. 457-462). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. If, for example, you’re citing an introduction, preface, or chapter written by the editor, they play two roles. You’ll type out their...

Summary in Portuguese:

Use o sobrenome do editor e as iniciais quando estiver citando o livro inteiro. Separe de dois a sete editores com vírgulas e “&. Represente oito ou mais editores com elipse. Comece com o sobrenome do autor para citar partes de um livro. Cite o editor duas vezes quando ele também for o autor. Use apenas os sobrenomes em citações dentro do texto quando fizer uma paráfrase. Adicione números de páginas para citações dentro do texto.


Article in English: Start your testimonial with a little bit of information about who you are. Include details that would give your testimonial more weight or make your opinion more valuable.  How much, and what type, of detail about yourself you include will depend on the product or service for which you're writing your testimonial. Your testimonial should be relatively short, so don't include anything that wouldn't add weight or value to your testimony. For example, if you're writing a testimonial about a new herbal dog shampoo, the fact that you're a licensed dog groomer would be important. However, if you were writing a testimonial for a personal trainer, the fact that you are a dog groomer would probably be irrelevant. Open your testimonial by describing the problem that you were facing before you tried the product or service that is the subject of the testimonial. Be brief, but include as many specific facts as possible.  Facts allow people reading your testimonial to compare your situation before and after you used the product or service. Showing this evidence yourself makes the testimonial more helpful to people. Since you still want your testimonial to be brief, only include facts that were directly affected by the product or service. For example, if your business had a problem managing its social media accounts, you might say "My business's Facebook page only had 10 followers and averaged less than one view a day." If relevant, you might also include a line or two about other products or services you used in an attempt to solve your problem. Describe specific ways those products or services failed to help you.  Listing alternatives can be especially beneficial if you tried a direct competitor and they were unable to solve your problem. To continue with the social media example, you might say "We hired Social Media X to manage our accounts, but after 30 days they failed to bring in any additional page views or followers." Include a personal note regarding how it made you feel to try different alternatives and have them...

Summary in Portuguese:

Apresente-se. Fale sobre a situação. Fale sobre as tentativas de solução. Mencione os obstáculos.


Article in English: Starting from the front of the project, push the first needle through the second to last stitching hole.  This time, once the needle is most of the way through the hole, place the other needle on top of the first and pull it the rest of the way through the hole.  Turn this second needle back toward the leather, and this time push it through the top of the hole.  This will be a little more difficult since there is already thread in the whole. Repeat the back-stitch 2 or 3 times depending on the amount of stress which will be put on the seam in this area. Once you have completed 2 or 3 back-stitches, you can release the needle on the back of the project.  Push the front needle through the next hole, leaving both threads on the back of the project one hole apart.  Pull each thread tight.  Using a sharp knife, tilted slightly upward to avoid damaging the stitched thread, cut off the extra thread as close to the leather as possible, leaving only a little nub where the threads came through the hole.  It is not necessary to tie a knot in the thread. Nylon thread can be melted by adding a little heat from a flame, then press them into place for extra hold. Roll back over the thread with your over-stitching wheel or gently tap along the seam with a flat headed hammer like a cobbler's hammer.

Summary in Portuguese:

Arremate o final da costura. Termine o ponto. Achate a linha pela costura.


Article in English: Starting off an article about weight-loss this way is hardly motivating, but it helps to cut to the chase: It's extremely difficult to lose 30 pounds in two months. Expert doctors and dietitians agree that losing 1 to 2 pounds per week is healthy. Even if you lose 3 pounds per week for 9 weeks, you're still short of hitting your weight-loss goal. While it's certainly possible to lose 30 pounds in two months, whether or not it's healthy is another question.  Healthy weight loss comes from trimming pounds off of fat reserves without triggering the starvation response. When you cut down your caloric intake so low that your body thinks you're starving, it actually begins shedding muscle instead of fat. This is not a healthy trend. It's hard to drop pounds simply by eating less, too which is unhealthy depending on what kind of food it is. Fat is needed, but it isn't healthy to overdose the amount. Protein is needed significantly for your health. They are used to make muscles,tendons, skin, and organ. When you cut your calories significantly, your body actually has a harder time shedding pounds. This phenomenon is called diet induced adaptive thermogenesis. Perhaps it's a mechanism for survival, or perhaps it's a way for our bodies to maintain a comfortable body weight. Whatever it is — and as crazy as it sounds — you need to take in calories in order to lose weight. There are 3,500 calories in a pound. This means that you need to burn 3,500 more calories than you take in during the day in order to lose a pound of weight. That's a lot of calories to burn.  For reference, you can expect to burn between 100 and 125 calories running a mile at a semi-comfortable speed. At that pace, it would take about 28 miles (45 km), or more than a marathon, in order to shed a single pound of weight. People who run marathons routinely lose 7 pounds during a typical race, but much of that loss (~6 lbs.) is water weight. Luckily, humans can shed weight several different ways. There's muscle loss, fat loss, and water loss. Much of the...

Summary in Portuguese:

Saiba o que tem acumulado. Saiba quantas calorias têm que ser queimadas para perder peso. Saiba os outros fatores envolvidos na perda de peso. Estabeleça metas semanais e mensais para se manter motivado.


Article in English: Starting on one end, firmly twist the top edge horizontally and push it into the metal track.  The top underside of the vinyl has a V shaped groove which should slip into a similar V groove in the top metal track. You should feel the edge of vinyl slip into the groove, which is supposed to keep it in place. Use a large, wooden paint stirrer to help push and hold the vinyl in the track as you pull the vinyl up and into place.  Be very careful not to tear through the vinyl. For longer splits use wooden clothes-pegs broken in half and placed along the split every few inches. Upon completion of stretching and tucking, get several special short (1/4 to 1/2 inch long) plastic jamming pieces from your pool supply store, and jam them into place between the top of the plastic and the underside of the metal pool rim. This will help ensure the plastic liner stays in place.

Summary in Portuguese:

Reinstale o vinil. Segure o vinil no lugar. Finalize.


Article in English: Staying calm will help keep the victim’s muscles from tightening more and worsening their breathing trouble.  Inform the person that help is on the way and that you are there to help. Hold their hand, or just stay nearby. Speak in a soothing voice.  Ask the person if there is anything you can do to help them. They may have a plan or be able to instruct you.  Suggest that they try to meditate, or lead them through a calming meditation. Assist the person to sit up straight, whether on a chair or on the ground. Sitting upright can help them to breathe easier. Lying down and slouching constricts breathing. Tell the person what to do, such as, “Sit on the ground and sit up straight.” If they are panicking and do not listen, try to gently guide them with your hands.  Firmly hold their arm and try to lead them to a seated position. Place your palm on their back over their spine and use gentle pressure to encourage them to sit up straight. Do not push, shove, or handle the person roughly. When someone has trouble breathing, their natural response may be to take short, gasping breaths. This can make them hyperventilate. Tell the person to take long, deep breaths. Say, “Breathe in through your nose, and breathe out through your mouth.” This may be difficult for them, but encourage them to do it the best they can. Help them breathe in to the count of 4 and breathe out to the count of 6. Count out loud and breathe along with them. Show them how to purse their lips while breathing out to slow down their exhalation. If the person is wearing anything restricting, help them to loosen it. Use your judgment about whether it’s appropriate to touch the person or their clothing.  If you’re helping a stranger, suggest they loosen their clothing. If it’s a family member, it’s okay to do it for them. In an emergency, don’t be afraid to help as much as possible.

Summary in Portuguese:

Tranquilize a vítima. Ajude-a a sentar com a coluna reta em uma cadeira ou no chão, pois isso ajuda a respirar com mais facilidade. Instrua a vítima a fazer respirações longas e profundas. Ajude a pessoa a afrouxar qualquer roupa apertada que ela estiver usando.


Article in English: Staying hydrated can help flush kidney stones out of your system and keep your urinary tract healthy. You will know that you are drinking enough water and other clear fluids if your urine is clear and mostly colorless.  You can drink other liquids besides water, but use moderation when drinking coffee, tea, or acidic drinks, since these could irritate your urinary tract and cause you more discomfort.  Apple juice and grapefruit juice can both attribute to kidney stones. If you enjoy juice, cranberry juice is a better alternative. Avoid drinking alcohol and soda, since this can dehydrate you and potentially make the stones worse. Your doctor may prescribe alpha blockers to relax the muscles in your urinary tract and help you pass the stones more easily. Follow your doctor’s instructions for taking these medications carefully.  Common alpha blockers used to treat kidney stones include tamsulosin (Flomax), alfuzosin (Uroxatral), and doxazosin (Cardura).  Before taking alpha blockers, let your doctor know if you are taking any other medications. Medications that might interact with alpha blockers include beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and medications that treat erectile dysfunction. Keep the kidney with the stone in it facing down as much as possible during the night if you can do so without too much pain or discomfort. This may help the stone pass out of your body a little more easily. Researchers aren’t sure why sleeping position affects the passing of kidney stones, but it may be that the side you sleep on experiences increased filtration and urine flow. If your kidney stones are too large to pass on their own or are causing other complications, such as bleeding or infections, you may need other types of treatment. Talk to your doctor about what treatment option may work best for you. A few common treatments include:  ESWL (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy). This treatment involves sending sound waves through your body that cause the stones to break up into smaller pieces. It's most often used...

Summary in Portuguese:

Beba muitos fluidos. Tome alfabloqueadores se o médico recomendar. Durma virado para o lado em que as pedras nos rins estão. Faça um tratamento mais agressivo se o médico recomendar.


Article in English: Staying hydrated throughout the day will help you look better and feel better.  Going to bed even mildly dehydrated will not only disturb your sleep cycle, but it will also cause you to look more tired in the morning.  Staying hydrated will help your skin achieve an even tone and can help you avoid dark under-eye circles, which will make you look tired even if you had a full night of deep sleep. If drinking more water throughout the day makes you get up to use the restroom at night, drink earlier in the day and stop drinking water two hours before bedtime. Both caffeine and alcohol are extremely dehydrating, so drinking too much of either throughout the day can counteract all the water you drink to stay hydrated.  Alcohol also causes the blood vessels in your body and face to dilate, which can lead to flushed, puffy skin when you wake up in the morning.  Drinking either of these before bed will make you look even more tired in the morning, so definitely avoid these the night before any important day. Feeling and looking tired in the morning can be caused by a number of factors, but one of the most common factors is poor sleep hygiene.  Sleeping well is not just about how long you sleep, it is also about how well you sleep.  Many people just jump into bed and shut the light off, but this is not the proper way to wind down after a long day.  Before settling in for the night, try to take the time to clear your mind of any stressors.  Be sure to turn off the TV and any bright lights as well.  Maximize the benefits of sleep by helping your brain get to the ultra-relaxing deep sleep stage by starting your night off with a relaxed mind. Most sleep experts agree that the average adult should get 7 - 9 hours of sleep each night.  For many, this number may seem like a lot, but that’s because hardly any adults get that much sleep.  In fact, about 40% of adults get less than 7 hours of sleep each night.  Sleep experts say this means that almost half of adults are starving for sleep, so it’s no wonder so many of us feel...

Summary in Portuguese:

Beba bastante água. Reduza o consumo de cafeína e álcool antes de dormir. Relaxe antes de dormir. Durma bastante. Durma de costas.


Article in English: Step away from the door to look at it, measure it and determine if it's plumb all the way around the frame. There should be a 1/8" (.32 cm) opening all the way around the door frame. To make your door look sleek and like it was installed by a professional, hide the nail heads with putty. It is commercially available in many shades – you should be able to find one that matches your door. Once applied, smooth it out with a scraper or the blunt edge of a knife. It should be in line with the door and not bulge out. Now that your door is up and installed, the rest is merely aesthetic. Paint or finish the door however you like – just be sure to use tape around the casing and jambs.

Summary in Portuguese:

Avalie seu progresso. Use massa de para esconder as cabeças dos pregos na moldura da porta. Pinte ou finalize como desejado.


Article in English: Step into the shower for a quick rinse. Not only will this seal off your pores, it will also rinse off any little hairs that stuck to your skin as you were shaving. You don’t need to shampoo your head, but you can use a mild shampoo or soap if you would like. Opt for an aftershave lotion or balm if one is available. These formulas are better for the sensitive skin on your scalp than splashes. However, an aftershave splash is better than going without it. If you’re going to be shaving your head often, it’s a good idea to invest in an aftershave that’s formulated for your scalp. You can find these products near the shaving supplies at your local department store or online. Look over your head to check for spots that may be bleeding. Apply the styptic pen or alum block to the nick or cut. This will stop the bleeding and disinfect the wound. You can find a styptic pen or alum block at your local drugstore or online.

Summary in Portuguese:

Quando terminar, enxague a cabeça em água fria para fechar os poros. Passe um pós-barba para reduzir a irritação. Se tiver se cortado, use um lápis ou pó hemostático.


Article in English: Sterile gloves come in a wide range of sizes. These can vary by company. Try on several different pairs of sterile gloves until you find the right fit. Once you've found the right fit, you will have to discard the gloves you tried on and put a new, fully-sterile pair on. Feel for the following to identify when you have the right size for your hand:  Ability to move your hands comfortably No friction on your skin Little to no sweating Little or no hand muscle fatigue Although not necessary, consider taking off any rings, bracelets or other jewelry on your hands. These could contaminate your gloves or make them difficult to put on and uncomfortable to wear. Removing your jewelry also minimizes the risk of your glove tearing. Put your jewelry in a safe place where you can easily find it when you’re done with your gloves. Before you touch your gloves or slide on your sterile gloves, wash your own hands. Lather up your hands with soap and water. Rub your hands under the water flow for at least 20 seconds. Rinse your hands and wrists thoroughly and then dry them.  Use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer if you don’t have soap and water. Some types of sterile procedures require a different type of soap and a different amount of scrubbing type. Once you’re hands are thoroughly clean, avoid letting them fall below your waistline. Holding them above this level can minimize the risk of contaminating them. If your hands do fall below your waist, repeat the hand washing process before putting on your gloves. Standing up may help keep your arms above your waist.

Summary in Portuguese:

Pegue luvas do tamanho adequado. Retire quaisquer adornos. Lave as mãos. Mantenha as mãos acima da cintura.


Article in English: Stick it in an old lip balm container, a small mint tin, or anything else you have on hand. Let it cool overnight or stick it in the fridge to cool faster. It's ready when the lip balm has cooled and solidified. This should last several months at room temperature.

Summary in Portuguese:

Despeje o líquido em um recipiente pequeno e deixe-o esfriar.


Article in English: Stick to colors that compliment each other.  Consider the colors found on the dress or suit, and make sure your theme matches appropriately. If for prom, consider using your school colors. You can look at an interior design color wheel for inspiration if necessary.  Choose colors that are opposite from each other on the wheel — for instance, yellow and purple, or blue and orange. Purchase (or pick from the garden) flowers that are close to fully blooming, and keep them in water before you make the corsage. Plan on getting three to five blooms, depending on their size. In general, try to choose sturdy flowers that can hold up to some wear — they'll look better at the end of the night than delicate flowers, such as tulips. Here are some popular options to consider:  Roses Daisies Orchids Lilies Cymbidium This is an accent to the main flowers. It adds fullness to the overall corsage and highlights the color.  Examples of filler flowers include:  Baby's breath (gypsophila) Fern leaves Eucalyptus

Summary in Portuguese:

Escolha as cores. Escolha as suas flores. Escolha uma flor pra preenchimento.


Article in English: Stick with the shredded skinny jeans and worn-in band t-shirts, but try heather gray and light acid-wash. Aim for the bleached-out look of the 80s with acid wash and white clothes. Or go with saturated fluorescent hues like pink, yellow, and blue.  Feel free to start with an all-black base look and use brighter colors as accents. Alternatively, you can create a head-to-toe bleached or saturated look. Try out black-and-white or colorful graphic stripes, or work diamond harlequin prints into your ensemble. Work animal prints including leopard spots and tiger stripes into your outfit in small or large quantities. Commit to the glam look with skin-tight Spandex featuring these prints.  Some rock looks bordered on circus-y during the 80s. Embrace the decade’s excess and eccentricity! Think back to the bright bodysuits worn by Freddie Mercury of Queen, as well as the tight leggings that many glam metal rockers of the time wore.  The glam rock styles of the 1970s heavily influenced the glam metal of the 80s. Add light-reflective sequins, glitter, and metallic silver to the hard rock essentials and you’ll look like a glam metal rocker who just stepped off the stage. Incorporate heavy leather fringe as a nod to the western influence that was fashionable during the decade.  Sparkling details will scatter the light while fringe will swing and sway as you move. These elements will make your 80s rocker look extra eye-catching. Or try out historically-inspired ruffles and metallic brocade which were favored by Prince and Adam Ant. Not all 80s rockers wore leather jackets. Consider topping off your look with a slouchy, oversized blazer in a bright or pastel hue, reminiscent of the decade’s Miami Vice style. Make sure it has big shoulder pads. Or opt for a loud, metallic windbreaker-style jacket. Layer your jacket over a deep v-neck t-shirt to show off your chest like a real 80s rocker. The platform boots of 70s glam rock stuck around in the 80s. Go wild with a brightly colored or metallic pair of chunky platforms. Or stick...

Summary in Portuguese:

Use cores claras ou saturadas. Seja glamoroso com estampas ousadas e tecidos elásticos. Crie dinamismo com brilho e franjas. Crie camadas com jaquetas ou blazers grandes. Finalize com botas de solado robusto.


Article in English: Stir it constantly over medium heat. Once it hits a boil, reduce the heat to low, stir, and cook 5 minutes longer. If you don't have the quick-cooking kind of tapioca, you can soak your tapioca overnight in water. Then throw this mixture into a slow cooker for 2 hours to get the tapioca to the right consistency. Keep whisking until it's fully combined. Then, stir the egg-milk-tapioca mixture back into the rest of the tapioca until it's well mixed. Once it's simmering, cook it, stirring regularly, for a couple of minutes longer until the pudding becomes thick enough to evenly coat the back of your spoon. Basically, when it starts looking like pudding. Then it's ready to go! It can be served hot or poured into serving dishes and refrigerated several hours until cold. Garnish it with whipped cream, pistachios, walnuts, or raisins if desired.  You can keep a skin from forming on top if you press plastic wrap onto the surface while chilling. And it won't dry out! If the pudding's too stiff when serving, add a bit of milk or cream to make it be more palatable.

Summary in Portuguese:

Em uma panela média, coloque o leite, a tapioca, o açúcar e o sal para ferver. Bata um copo da mistura de leite com dois ovos, 2 colheres de sopa de cada vez. Aqueça o pudim em fogo médio. Tire o pudim do fogão e misture a baunilha.


Article in English: Stomach cancer can cause abdominal swelling, which can cause frequent bloating. You may feel bloated after eating, and might feel unusually full even after eating only a small amount of food. Feeling bloated can be one of the early symptoms of stomach cancer.  Stomach pain, and pain in your sternum (breast bone) can be associated with stomach causes.  If you find yourself frequently feeling full and bloated, and are experiencing some of the other early symptoms, visit your doctor.    If you are having difficulty swallowing, it is possible that this is being caused by a tumor at the junction of your esophagus and stomach. A tumor here can obstruct food, causing dysphagia (difficulty swallowing). In stomach cancer cases, obstructions may exist at the junction of the stomach and the intestine, blocking the passage of food. This could indicate a tumor at the junction of the stomach and intestine. The most obvious symptom that this is occurring will be chronic nausea and even vomiting. Vomit in rare cases may be in streaked with blood. If you are vomiting and you see blood, make an appointment to see a doctor immediately. You may experience more general symptoms that are not specifically related to your stomach, but can nevertheless indicate a problem and may suggest a more aggressive or progressive cancer growth. Be sure to check your lymph nodes. Enlarged lymph nodes are a symptom of a number of illnesses. In the case of (stomach) cancer, cancer cells will travel from the stomach (or wherever the tumor is located) through the lymph ducts, to the left axillary lymph nodes. This then causes swelling.  Look out for signs of cachexia (decrease in muscle mass). Cancer cells will increase your basal metabolic rate, which will then result in a wasting of muscle. Loss of blood from the cancer can result in anemia, which may cause paleness and weakness. People with cancer may have chronic fatigue, a feeling of lethargy, or trouble staying alert.

Summary in Portuguese:

Perceba a sensação de inchaço. Perceba se você está com dificuldades para engolir. Tome uma atitude se você tiver náusea crônica. Fique atento a sintomas mais gerais de câncer de estômago.


Article in English: Stone veneer can be applied to any masonry surface such as concrete, existing brick, or foundation cinder block. If you're working with wood or any other non-masonry surface, you can create an appropriate surface by surrounding the non-masonry surface with a water barrier. Moisture vapor barriers usually come with a self-sealing membrane. Peel back the outer layer to expose the sticky backside of the membrane and simply stick it onto your surface.  Be careful about only applying the membrane where you want it. The membrane's unpeeled surface is extremely sticky; if it accidentally sticks somewhere it shouldn't, you're going to have a hell of a time trying to get it off. If you're working inside, you shouldn't need to set down a water vapor barrier, unless you're adding stone veneer to a wood surface, like plywood. Use 1 1/2  to 2 inch (3.81 cm to 5.08 cm) nails, and space them out at 6 inch (15.24 cm) intervals. You can make mortar by mixing 2 or 3 parts washed sand with 1 part cement and adding water, according to the manufacturer's instructions. With a trowel, cover the entire surface of the lath with this mixture, about 1/2 to 3/4 inches (1.27 cm to 1.905 cm) thick. The lath should not stick out from the scratch coat. Directions for mixing mortar will vary. Follow manufacturer's directions, but most of all, be consistent with whatever recipe you choose. If you decide to use 2:1 sand to cement, stick with 2:1 each time you use mortar elsewhere. Use a metal scraper or a scrap piece of the lath material. Allow the scratch coat to set up, or cure, according to the manufacturer's instructions. Now, you are ready to apply your stone veneer.

Summary in Portuguese:

Prepare a superfície. Aplique uma barreira de vapor de água se for fazer uma aplicação exterior. Crie uma barreira com uma chapa expandida de metal de calibre 18 depois de ter colocado a barreira de vapor de água. Crie uma camada raspada com argamassa. Antes de a argamassa secar, abra ranhuras horizontais na camada raspada.


Article in English: Stop after the night of sleeping on your side, before you take the enema in the morning. You will replace the enema with another dietary treatment. Dissolve two teaspoons of un-iodized sea salt into 4 cups of warm water. If you don't have sea salt, you can use the juice from half a lemon instead. Drink this mixture first thing in the morning. For the rest of the day, eat only mild preparations of vegetables (no spices) and clear broth.  You should eliminate the gallstones through your stool sometime during the day.

Summary in Portuguese:

Siga os mesmos passos do que na limpeza com sucos cítricos e azeite. De manhã, beba uma mistura de água e sal. A alimentação deve ser restrita a legumes e caldos.


Article in English: Stop making excuses and accept responsibility for your life. No one ever accomplishes anything of significance by talking about all the reasons why they can't. Your life is ultimately your own, and at the end of the day, the actions you do and don't take are your responsibility.  Life may put restrictions on you. For instance, the project idea you had may not be approved by your boss, or you might not be able to secure a loan for the business venture you want to try. When these roadblocks come up, though, it doesn't mean you should stop trying. It simply means that you need to find a different path to reach your desired destination. When you experience success, accept responsibility for it. When you experience defeat, accept responsibility for it. Acknowledge the results you get for your work. That's the only way to move forward. The world is filled with distractions. Everyone needs a little time to relax, but when the things you do for enjoyment stop you from making good use of your time, these distractions ultimately do more harm than good. The biggest problem with distraction is that it leads to drifting. You might become so comfortable with the way things are that you fall into a routine. Once you get yourself into a rut, you can easily spend your days letting life pass you by. Begin the process now. This may seem like an inconvenient time for any number of reasons, but if you don't act while the desire is fresh, you may not act at all. There will never be a “perfect” time. There will always be some minor or major inconvenience standing in your way, and if life made remarkable accomplishments easy to perform, they wouldn't be remarkable anymore. Find a step you can take with the resources and authority you currently have, then take that first step. You may succeed or you may fail. Either way, making that first attempt is the only way to get the process started. Consider making an attempt at something small, especially if you still need to build confidence. If you fail, your losses will be minor. If you...

Summary in Portuguese:

Aceite a sua responsabilidade. Não se disperse. Comece de imediato. Tente. Dê um passo à frente. Trabalhe duro.


Article in English: Stop turning and rotating eggs three days prior to the estimated hatch date. Most viable eggs will hatch within a 24-hour period. The cheesecloth will help catch bits of eggshell and other matter during and after the eggs hatch. You want the humidity level to be at 65%. Add more water or a sponge to the water pan to increase the humidity. Do not open once the chicks are three days from hatching. It's important to leave chicks in the incubator until they are completely dry. This can take four to six hours. You can leave the chicks in the incubator an additional 1 to 2 days, but you will want to lower the temperature to 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius). Once the incubator is clean, you can start the process all over again!

Summary in Portuguese:

Prepare-se para a eclosão. Coloque uma gaze sob a bandeja dos ovos antes da chocagem. Aumente o nível de umidade na incubadora até cerca de 65%. Deixe a incubadora fechada até o fim da chocagem. Remova os pintinhos secos e leve-os até uma área preparada. Remova as cascas vazias da incubadora e limpe-a.


Article in English: Stop using words in your mind such as won't and can't. Allowing negative thoughts to grow within your mind causes them to influence how you react to situations, which can produce negative results. Consciously make an effort to replace these words with will and can. Accept the fact that everyone occasionally fails, but see it as an opportunity to learn from the experience so you can do better next time. Make a list of negative or extreme words you commonly use such as, "always" or "never." Theses are examples of black and white thinking errors. Then develop a more balanced perspective or way to speak such as, "most of the time, sometimes, or not very often." Write these options down and begin to notice when you use this language in dialogue. Remind yourself in the moment to use more balanced or middle-ground language. Once you identify your unhelpful thinking, and develop a list of possible alternative thoughts, you will need to actively focus on your thoughts and change them as soon as you have them.  Focus on monitoring your thoughts and notice when you are having a negative thought. You can do this by first noticing when you are experiencing a negative emotion, and then you can think, “What thought led to this emotion?” For example if you are feeling depressed, wonder to yourself, “Is this because I have been thinking that I am not good enough?” If you are thinking, “I’m no good,” remember the alternative thought you identified and repeat it to yourself over and over, “I am good enough. I am worthy of love.” Or, you can refer back to your history and incorporate more detail into your thoughts such as, "When I was younger, I was not successful at something I really wanted to do. I am older now and I realize that everyone experiences failure at some point in their lives. Just because I had one time I was not successful, it doesn't mean I'm not good enough in anything I try. I made that mistake in the past, but now I know that if I'm not successful the first time at doing something I really want, I can just...

Summary in Portuguese:

Evite a linguagem negativa. Encontre a conexão existente entre os pensamentos negativos e as emoções. Sempre escolha explicações positivas ou realistas.


Article in English: Stopping physical activity before a meal can make swallowing easier during the meal. Sit down, watch TV, read a book, or do something relaxing before eating. Don’t rush yourself while eating. Make sure that each bite is small and manageable. Chew the food slowly until it is easy to swallow, and take a pause before your next bite. If you struggle with chewing or swallowing, make adjustments.  If it is difficult for you to chew or swallow, slow down to a speed that works for you. Determine if certain foods are easier to eat than others. Some people may do better with thick, soft foods, like pudding or jello, than liquids, like broth or water. If you have facial paralysis on 1 side of your face, chew your food with the stronger side. If you're helping someone else, cut their food into small bites. Do not pressure them to eat faster. Let them eat at their own pace. Turn your chin down slightly while you eat. This may help reduce aspiration if you find it difficult to swallow. An upright position will ensure that your food goes into your stomach, not your lungs. Sit up at a 90-degree angle. Avoid eating right before bed. Always allow yourself an hour to digest your food before lying down. If you are assisting someone who is confined to a hospital bed or an adjustable mattress, raise the head of the bed up all the way. If they don't have an adjustable bed, set up their pillows so that they are resting at a 90-degree angle.

Summary in Portuguese:

Descanse por meia hora antes de comer. Dê mordidas pequenas e mastigue lentamente. Sente-se verticalmente durante as refeições e por 30 a 60 minutos depois que terminar. Eleve a cama em um ângulo de 90 graus durante as refeições.


Article in English: Stored in this manner, most dried fruits will last from 9 to 12 months. Packaged dried fruits should be consumed faster once opened, and may need to be stored in the refrigerator in a sealed bag, to prevent deterioration. This is especially so if the original dried fruits are still somewhat moist rather than completely dehydrated. Some dried fruits can be rehydrated by stewing or soaking in warm water. This is typically done for such dried fruits as apples, apricots, peaches, prunes and pears. Dried mangoes and pawpaw can be rehydrated by leaving in cold water for an hour before using. Other dried fruits can be revived by soaking in alcohol, such as sultanas, currants and raisins, before using in traditional recipes such as dried fruit cake or pudding.

Summary in Portuguese:

Guarde-as em um recipiente fechado em local fresco. Use as frutas em receitas ou coma-as puras.


Article in English: Straight up, starting a new life doesn't happen overnight. It could take years. You'll probably be making such constant small progress that you won't even notice. Imagine losing 1/16th of a pound a day. You're not going to be able to tell for a long time -- but one day your clothes will be far, far too big. By the time you do notice, you'll probably be so awesome, happy, and content that rock bottom seems like it barely ever existed. Until the moment comes when you wake up and realize, "Crap. That used to be me, didn't it?" take your time. It'll come. It always does. It's always darkest before the dawn, remember? This is another way of saying, "Slow down before the speed bumps." There are going to be times when you're about to lose it -- when you feel on the cusp of falling back to where you used to be, only worse (is there a worse than rock bottom?). It's these times when focusing, staying positive, and realizing this is totally normal are absolutely mandatory. You're striking a serious balancing act between your old life and your new life right now, and that can get pretty daunting. No one expects you to do it with your hands tied behind your back and one eye closed. In fact, we expect you to lean on us for support. That's what we're here for. Though the transitions will be messy, know that they're only temporary. Focus and you'll get through them. You're on the up and up. Fan-fricking-tastic. Now it's time to find something new. Something fulfilling. Something to drive you. Something to keep those demons at bay. What does your mind immediately jump to? Any passion will do as long as you're passionate about it. It'll take up your time, use your creativity, and give you purpose. All wonderful, wonderful things. Being truly good at something is so rewarding. Being truly good at something you really, really enjoy is even more rewarding. Cultivating a passion, regardless of what it is, can do great things for your sense of self. You'll get so well-established that rock bottom isn't a place on your map anymore....

Summary in Portuguese:

Seja paciente consigo mesmo. Concentre-se antes das transições. Cultive uma paixão. Comece uma rotina satisfatória.


Article in English: Straightening your hair works best on freshly washed or day-old hair. When washing your hair, tailor your shampoo and conditioning products to your hair type. For thick, frizzy hair, use a smoothing shampoo and conditioner. For thin, flat hair, use volumizing products. Once hair is washed, dry it gently with a microfiber towel, spray it with a heat-protectant product, and then blow-dry it with a hairdryer. This will help to pre-straighten your hair, so you will have less work to do with the straightening iron.  Dry the roots of your hair with the hairdryer first, then work through the lengths of your hair. Turn your head upside down while drying your hair to add more volume. Use a paddle brush to work through tangles and hold hair taut as you dry. Investing in a good heat protection spray which you apply every time you straighten is one of the best things you can do for your hair, without forgoing straightening altogether. The heat protection spray locks in moisture and prevents hair from becoming dry and frazzled. Apply the heat protection spray evenly over dry hair, holding the can about six inches away from your head.  Don't apply the heat protection spray to your roots, as this can cause them to look greasy. Heat protection sprays can be found at most drug stores and hair salons. It may be worth investing in a brand name product which will do a better job of protecting your hair. Try asking your hair stylist for recommendations. Most good quality hair straighteners give you the option to adjust the temperature of the irons. Using the right temperature for your hair will ensure you get the best results and will prevent you from doing unnecessary damage to your hair. The temperature your straightener should be set to will depend on your hair type:  Fine or damaged hair should use a temperature of between 200 and 300 °F (93-149 °C). Hair of average thickness which is in pretty good condition should use a temperature of between 300 and 350 °F (149-177 °C). Very thick or coarse, frizzy hair should use a...

Summary in Portuguese:

Lave seu cabelo e seque com o secador. Invista em um spray termoprotetor para o seu cabelo. Deixe a chapinha na temperatura certa para o seu tipo de cabelo. Alise a próxima camada. Use um produto finalizador.


Article in English: Strep throat is contagious bacterial infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A streptococcus. Although the hallmark symptom of strep throat is a sore throat, not all sore throats are a result of an bacterial infection caused by streptococcus. In fact, most of the time, sore throats are a result of common viruses and do not need treatment.  However, if you do have strep throat treatment is important, as it can cause serious complications including spreading of infection to blood, skin and other organs, rheumatic fever that can affect your heart and joints, and kidney inflammation. The most common age group affected is five to 15 years old, however anyone can get strep throat. Seeking medical attention is important because doctors can do quick tests to determine if the infection you have is strep throat. Sometimes you may have symptoms of strep throat, but you may not actually have strep throat. One important thing to keep in mind is that there is no cough with strep throat. Symptoms of strep throat may include any of the following:  flu like illness lasting for two to five days fever (which worsens on the second day) sore throat, stomach ache nausea, lack of energy difficulty swallowing, headache swollen lymph nodes rash Based on your symptoms your doctor may recommend coming in for a throat swab strep test. This will only take a few minutes and is the only way to definitively diagnose strep throat. You cannot diagnose strep throat just by looking at it.  The “throat swab” test is a rapid antigen test. This test detects strep bacteria in a few minutes. It works by looking for substances (antigens) in the throat. Although this is fast, it may not always be accurate. In some cases, the swab test will come back negative even if you have strep throat. If your doctor thinks that you have strep throat, s/he may culture the test  to see if the streptococcus bacteria grows on the swab in the next one to two days.  If your swab test or culture comes back positive, your doctor will prescribe a...

Summary in Portuguese:

Entenda o que é a faringite estreptocócica. Familiarize-se com alguns dos sintomas da faringite estreptocócica. Ligue para o médico e siga as recomendações em relação aos exames e ao tratamento.


Article in English: Stretch out the wire so that it is long enough to reach the unlock button or the post.  Untwist the hooked portion, then straighten it completely, leaving only the curved end in its original shape. To unwind the part of the wire hanger that is twisted around itself, it helps to use a pair of pliers.  The coat hanger should be shaped like a relatively straight line with a curved hook on the end when you’re done.  You may want to wear gloves while untwisting the hanger to avoid poking yourself in the hand. Using pliers will make untwisting the hanger easier. You will need to bend the hook of the coat hanger down into a shape that can grip the door lock post.  A small “V” or check mark shape will be the easiest shape to fit through a small gap that can also do the job.  Use a pair of pliers to fold the end of the straightened coat hanger until the span of the check mark is tight enough to hook the post.  Many door lock posts have a groove or ridge that will make it easier to grip when using a coat hanger for this purpose. You may need to bend the hanger into a few different sized check marks or “V” shapes until you have one that will grip the post. If the window is open slightly, you will not need to pry it out at all.  However, if the window is shut, you will need to slide a narrow wedge into the gap between the window and door frame and pry the window out away from the vehicle.  Be extremely careful doing this, as applying too much pressure will break the window.  A wider prying surface such as a paint scraper is a better choice than something narrow like a screw driver. Once pried open, place something like a folded up piece of cloth or rubber into the gap to hold it open. Grip the end of the coat hanger that is opposite from the “V” shape you made with pliers.  Slip the hanger into the gap you created between the window and door frame.  If the lock post is too close to the rear side of the car door, you may need to approach it from the front instead.   It is important that you get to the post in a direction...

Summary in Portuguese:

Endireite um cabide. Crie uma forma de "V" na ponta do cabide. Abra um pouco a janela se ela estiver fechada. Passe o cabide pelo vão da janela. Agarre a trava com o cabide e puxe-a. Se o carro tiver um botão de destrave, tente pressioná-lo com o cabide.


Article in English: Stretch them out over a solid, smooth surface that’s large enough to hold the entire pair of pants. If you’re trying to find your optimal inseam, pick a pair of jeans that fit you well and whose legs are your preferred length. Measuring a pair of jeans works best if the jeans are properly fitted to your body type. To get more accurate measurements, smooth out the jeans to remove any folds or creases. If they’re altering the jeans’ overall shape, button and zip the pants up. If the legs do not lie straight, making them difficult to measure, fold the jeans in half vertically so the legs are lined up. Place the tip of a soft tape measure on the jeans’ crotch seam. Measure down in a straight line until you reach the hem of the pants. The number listed on your tape measure will be the jeans’ inseam.

Summary in Portuguese:

Estique a calça sobre uma superfície reta. Alise a calça e dobre-a ao meio, se precisar. Meça a calça da virilha até a bainha.


Article in English: Stretch your ankles by sitting down on the floor and rotating both feet in full circles in both directions. Next, loosen up your hamstrings by standing up and pulling first your left foot and then your right up so it touches your buttocks. Hold the stretch on each side for about thirty seconds. Finally, rotate your wrists and neck several times.  You can use your hands to rotate your feet. Be gentle when rotating your neck. Go slowly and don’t push your neck in any direction that causes pain. You should stretch before every practice session. This move will help you gain vertical momentum. Focus on jumping upward with as much vertical force as you can. Practice taking a few running steps, bending your knees slightly, and then jumping straight up. Your hands should be high in the air with your elbows by your ears.  You'll land with your knees bent at about 1 foot (30 cm) lower than your regular standing position with your arms up straight in front of you. After you land with your feet on the ground, you can straighten your body and lift your arms in the air for a graceful finish. Once you've developed the basic "punch jump," repeat this move while tucking your knees up toward your chest instead of keeping them straight as you jump. This will prepare you for the rotation part of the flip. Start with the "punch jump" and then tuck your knees as you rotate forward, landing with your knees bent before you straighten up. The trampoline will help you feel safe and secure while you perfect your rotation. Have a knowledgeable spotter stand by you as you practice the flip. The spotter should keep their hand on or near your stomach so they can help you rotate forward. The mat and block will help get you even more ready to do the flip on the floor. It’ll be a bit harder to do your flip because you won't have the extra upward bounce that the trampoline gave you. You'll have to work on gathering your own momentum. Good momentum comes from a really good jump, so be sure to keep doing your “punch jump.”

Summary in Portuguese:

Aprenda os alongamentos necessários para fazer um salto mortal. Corra alguns passos e salte para cima. Treine o salto com os joelhos dobrados. Treine a rotação do salto em um trampolim. Faça um salto mortal pulando de um bloco de ginástica que esteja de frente para um colchonete.


Article in English: Stretching and working out your facial muscles can keep blood circulating and fine lines and wrinkles from developing. Repeat these exercises once or twice a day to help your skin be firmer and appear more youthful firmer.  Put a hand on your forehead and push your head against it. Stay in this position for 10 seconds. Sit upright and lift your head back so that your chin is pointing toward the ceiling with your lips closed. Make a chewing motion with your mouth and feel your facial muscles working. Repeat this exercise about 20 times. Tilt your head to the ceiling again and pout your lips in a kissing motion. Repeat this exercise twice by pouting your lips for twenty seconds each time. Whenever you use your facial muscles, it causes a groove to form under your skin. As your skin ages and loses elasticity, it can no longer fill this groove and cause fine lines and wrinkles. Varying your facial gestures may help to keep your facial skin firm longer. Incorporate regular exercise into your lifestyle as well. It not only promotes blood circulation and keeps you healthy, but may also help your skin appear more youthful. Some studies have shown that a nutritionally well-balanced diet can protect your skin and delay aging and loss of elasticity. Consuming face friendly foods like fruits and vegetables may promote more youthful skin.  Avoid foods high in fat and sugar, which may slow cell turnover and make your skin appear older. Eat foods high in vitamin A and beta-carotene like fruits and vegetables increase cell turnover for healthier skin. Yellow and orange fruits and vegetables are high in vitamin A and beta-carotene. Incorporate foods high in vitamin C like citrus fruits, which studies have shown may promote younger looking skin. Have food high in essential fatty acids, such as walnuts or olive oil, to keep skin cells hydrated. Avoid food high in unhealthy fats, which could make your skin appear less youthful. Remember that unhealthy food takes the place nutrient-rich choices that can promote healthy skin....

Summary in Portuguese:

Faça exercícios faciais. Varie as expressões faciais. Tenha uma alimentação que promova a saúde da cútis. Beba bastante água. Evite ou diminua a exposição ao sol. Pare de fumar. Controle o estresse. Aceite a beleza de envelhecer.


Article in English: Stretching is an important part of almost any exercise routine. Running is no exception. When you stretch, you're warming up the muscles in your body and getting them pumped up for the hard work that you're about to do. One good stretch is called "the Stork." Stand up straight. Bring one foot up behind you toward your bottom. Gently grab it with one hand (you can support yourself against a wall with your other hand if necessary). Put light tension on your leg until you feel a stretch in your quadriceps (the front of your thigh). Hold for 30 seconds, then repeat with the other leg. Before you run, speed up your heartbeat and get your blood pumping by taking a two-minute jog. You'll get a slight boost of energy and it will be easier to focus on running quickly. As long as your warmup isn't too intense, you won't be too tired to give your run your best effort. For most runners, going on a run every day or every other day is best. The key here is consistency. To see long-term results, you need to stick to your exercise schedule and slowly ramp up the difficulty over time. If you quit or fail to challenge yourself, your performance may plateau or even decrease. Take 10 minutes each day for an interval run. As you run, follow this pattern: sprint for 10 seconds, then rest by jogging for a minute. Repeat for 10 minutes. To challenge yourself, every week add a few seconds to your sprinting time and shorten your breaks. Over time, you will be able to run faster and longer. Try competing with a friend slightly faster than yourself. It will give you the motivation of winning, and it will be much more challenging than running by yourself or with someone slower than you. Don't run with someone much faster than you, or you might consider giving up.

Summary in Portuguese:

Alongue-se antes de correr. Aqueça-se. Pratique consistentemente. Use um treinamento intervalado para criar velocidade e resistência. Convide amigos para a atividade.


Article in English: Strive to maintain a lightheartedness about what you're doing. If you can't stand the people you work with, then laugh about how reliably silly and petty people can be. Imagine that you're living in a sitcom. Turn monotonous tasks into games.Be playful and try to have fun.   Play pranks on your coworkers. Have fun, but make sure not to do anything that will get you fired! Unless, of course, you want to get fired. Organize events with your coworkers. Invite them out for drinks after work, or plan a party in the office. Start a book club or a fantasy sports team. . Let go of your frustration by changing your perspective. View your job as a temporary situation, not something with which you'll be "stuck" for the rest of your life. Look at the big picture. Remember that change is the only constant in life. All things go, and so too will this job that you hate. Ask yourself whether you will still be working this job in a year. If so: why? Try to find a way out. Think about your friends, your family, and your community. Bring your attention to your hobbies and passions. Notice the beautiful place where you live, and be thankful that you are alive. . One way to avoid getting lost in your frustration is to get so lost in the moment—the minute details of what you're doing, and how you feel when you're doing it—that you forget about all of those negative thoughts. Optimism asks you to look at the big picture, but living in the moment involves looking at the tiniest picture possible. See if there is a way for you to cope with this job by accepting your place in the present.  Do not dwell on the past. Whenever negative past events pop into your mind, bring your attention back to the task at hand. Similarly, don't imagine about the future. Oftentimes we imagine future events that never happen, so we worry for nothing. Living in the moment is not always easy to do. Meditation or mindfulness meditation can help. . Perhaps you hate your job even more because you feel that you need it to survive. Don't be a slave to the job!...

Summary in Portuguese:

Tenha senso de humor. Seja otimista Concentre-se nas coisas boas da sua vida. Viva o momento Tente não se preocupar em ser demitido. Ore


Article in English: Strong negative emotions such as fear, anxiety, and anger can lead to self-destructive behaviors. Finding new ways of coping with these triggers is crucial to reducing self-destructive behaviors. More than likely, there are triggers that precipitate your self-destructive patterns. Use the activities in the previous step to identify thoughts, feelings, and situations that trigger self-destructive tendencies. These will include not just your feelings, but the specific situations which seem to coincide with self-destructive behaviors.  Continue working in your journal. Keep a page devoted solely to identifying and tracking your triggers to self-destructive behaviors. For example, some triggers to drinking alcohol might be: when my mother yells at me, when I feel stressed out or overwhelmed, when I hang out with friends who drink, and when I am home alone and feeling lonely. Actively avoid situations that trigger you. For instance, if you want to reduce your drinking, but you know that if you hang out with certain people that will try to pressure you to drink alcohol, avoid this situation altogether. Instead of putting yourself in a potentially risky situation where it may be difficult to say no, give an excuse or explain that you are in recovery. Is important to understand how to cope with these triggers (situations, emotions, and thoughts) to self-destructive behaviors. In addition to changing your specific thoughts, you can also actively change your self-destructive behavior or replace it with a new behavior that is more effective in helping you cope.  Try communicating with your higher power, if you believe in a power greater than yourself. Sometimes, we need to talk about something to let go of it. Try new activities. Find alternatives to your self-destructive behaviors that don't cause more harm than good. For example, you could try: writing, painting, coloring, sports, camping, hiking, walking, collecting things, helping others, or gardening. Avoid trying to immediately escape an emotion. Focus on longer...

Summary in Portuguese:

Entenda a conexão entre as emoções e os comportamentos. Faça uma introspecção. Monte uma lista com suas habilidades de enfrentamento. Aprenda a tolerar o sentimento. Cuide da saúde. Mantenha relacionamentos saudáveis. Busque ajuda.


Article in English: Students learn more effectively when they feel a friendly connection with their tutor. Build this rapport by greeting your student with a friendly smile, asking how they are doing, and truly listening to their answer. Take everything they say seriously, and respond thoughtfully. This doesn't mean that you should chat through your whole session. It just means that you should show interest in your student as a person, and let them see you as a person as well. Once you know your student better, you can tailor lessons to their interests and abilities. Start out by asking your student what they know about the subject. Listen for gaps—this is where you'll begin to fill in material they'll need to know.  Involve your student's interests in your lesson. For instance, if your student is really excited about a sports team, you can use that team's financial struggles as the basis for your math lesson. If you notice your student responds better to certain kinds of teaching, such as talking, reading, or hands-on practice, you can modify your lesson plans to favor this. Come in every day and make it very clear that you want to be there, you want to teach them the subject at hand, and that you know they can learn the material. Have confidence in yourself as a tutor, and have confidence in them that they will learn and grow during the session. Make sure you thoroughly understand the material your student is learning even if it is not obviously interesting. If you pay attention to how something works, you will gain interest in it.

Summary in Portuguese:

Desenvolva uma relação pessoal com os alunos. Personalize as aulas quando estiver familiarizado com os alunos. Mostre empolgação com a aula.


Article in English: Studies have shown again and again that grooming is the most important element of attractiveness.  Shower often. You shouldn’t necessarily style your hair like you’re going to prom all the time, and don’t feel like you need to spend hours with the curling iron and hairspray, but be sure your hair looks clean.  Sometimes the amount and type of grooming that you will do depends on the type of person you want to attract. Some people are more attracted to a rugged, outdoors type, while others prefer a more put-together appearance. Smell your best. Wear deodorant, and bathe regularly, but don’t overdo it on the perfume, body spray, or lotion.  You don’t want to make your crush sneeze or get a headache because you are wearing too much scent. In general, research shows that neat, well fitting, and more formal clothes are considered the most attractive.  That is, clothes should be free of holes, well-laundered, flattering to your shape, and typically on the classier side.   That said, it all depends on who you’re trying to attract. Some people find a more casual look appealing. No matter what style you choose, pick clothing that you feel good in, so that you will look and feel more confident. Some researchers believe that wearing red makes you more attractive. According to one study, teeth are “the human equivalent of a peacock’s tail.”  The study showed that people with whiter, brighter, more evenly spaced teeth were rated more attractive than others. Be sure to brush and floss those pearly whites, and if you’ve had the privilege of orthodontia, wear your retainer!

Summary in Portuguese:

Cuide bem da sua aparência. Escolha bem as roupas que usa. Escova bem os dentes.


Article in English: Studies have shown that millennials seem to trust user-generated content more than content created by marketers. Thus, try to use user-generated content in your advertising campaigns whenever you can.  Take advantage of Instagram, Snapchat, and other services to gather and channel user-generated content into your marketing campaign. For instance, you may set up a “selfie” contest and have users submit their own selfie with your product. Use submitted selfies in future ad campaigns. Use the wiki approach to gather user-generated content. Create channels that users and others can contribute to your marketing campaign. As a group that are very in-tune to their peers' opinions and tastes, millennials are very interested in user created review videos. They see these videos as authentic and honest.  Hire millennials to review your product. Create videos based on these reviews. Keep the videos short and packed with information. Consider creating an “unboxing” video of your product, in which a millennial opens the product and explains the virtues of the product. Guerilla marketing is a type of marketing that is relatively low-cost and focuses on unconventional approaches to promoting a product. This approach is often distributed and comes across as organic to the consumer. Millennials, as a group, have been shown to be very open to guerrilla marketing.  Hire someone to demonstrate or show off your product in very public areas. For instance, create a giant coffee cup and have someone give samples of coffee on a busy public street. Provide branding stickers in your products. If someone likes your product a lot, they might put the sticker on the back of their car or elsewhere. Apple and the maker of Yeti products have successfully used this marketing approach.

Summary in Portuguese:

Use conteúdos gerados por usuários. Disponibilize análises em vídeo. Adira ao marketing de guerrilha.


Article in English: Studies have shown that students who receive pre-trip instructions and lessons learn and retain more from the trip than those who had no pre-trip preparation. For example, if you are doing a unit on animal habitats and are going to visit a zoo at the end of the unit, you may want to begin by learning about different ecosystems and habitats in the classroom:  Have your students study the habitats of a variety of animals they will see at the zoo. Then ask them to record the features of the habitats that the zoo provides for the same animals. Have them compare the natural habitats to the constructed zoo habitats to see if they are getting a similar type of lifestyle. Prepare your students for the field trip by explaining to them the activities they will be expected to perform throughout the day. Going over a detailed schedule in advance will allow students time to prepare.  This will also give you the opportunity to provide any instructions, which will save time on the day of the trip. You could also brainstorm questions that the class may want to ask of the instructors at the site. Alternately, you could teach your students how to ask thoughtful questions. Discuss all behavioural expectations prior to the trip as well as any and all consequences that students will face if they misbehave. For example, if you are attending a museum you may want to remind students to be quiet, respectful, and avoid touching any of the museum artifacts. Failure to do so, may result in a call home to their parents. By outlining your expectations clearly, you will likely run into less problems on the day.  Outline expected behaviour during transit as well. For example, students must remain seated while on the bus and should not distract the bus driver. Regardless of the type of trip you are taking you should always clearly outline certain safety precautions in advance. For example, if you are taking a group of young students on a field trip, you should go over traffic safety beforehand.  Depending on the type of trip you may want to...

Summary in Portuguese:

Integre o passeio às lições da sala de aula. Explique todas as atividades antes da excursão. Expresse suas expectativas quanto ao comportamento dos alunos. Discuta a segurança da turma. Entregue uma carta para os pais dos alunos com informações sobre a excursão.


Article in English: Studies have shown that taking short, frequent breaks improves your productivity and decreases your boredom. After an hour or so of work, stand up and take a short walk outside or take a cigarette break. Alternatively, go make yourself a fresh cup of coffee and chat with your coworkers. Some other break ideas include:  Volunteering to run an errand. This will help you escape your workplace for a while. Taking a short nap Playing your favorite mobile game for a few minutes The less boring your environment is, the less bored you’ll be. You can add interest to your surroundings by cleaning your work area, displaying cool artwork, or covering the handles of work-related tools in cute stickers.  For example, if you work in a cubicle or office, add some excitement to your walls with prints and posters. If you work in retail, buy some new clothes to freshen up your work look. Break the monotony of your daily schedule by planning small treats for yourself. For example, plan a small walk around the park during your lunch break. Similarly, you can bring your favorite coffee mug and a tea blend to keep in the break room. Whenever you’re bored or discouraged, pep yourself up with a cup of tea. Focus on healthy treats and rewards. If you don’t, you may replace your boredom problem with a weight-gain problem.

Summary in Portuguese:

Faça uma pausa. Enriqueça o ambiente com coisas de seu interesse. Deixe seu dia mais empolgante.


Article in English: Studies show that physical activity can ease menstrual cramp pain. Taking a brisk walk, light jog, or swim can help your cramps. There is no need to work out too hard during your period. Doing some exercise, though, can make you feel fitter and happier. These substances can worsen menstrual cramps. Alcohol can leave you feeling dehydrated. In any case, do not use alcohol in conjunction with painkillers. Drink at least 9 cups (2.2 liters) of filtered water daily. Your body is losing fluid and blood during menstruation. By staying hydrated, your body will feel less weak and you will be more energetic. Beverages with electrolytes like sports drinks or coconut water also can help you feel better. Coconut water has more potassium than a banana and is a great natural source of hydration. Psychological stress can increase the severity of your cramps. Consider doing yoga exercises to calm your body. Stretching also can help alleviate your cramps. Almost every woman will menstruate during her life. It is a completely healthy, natural process. Do not be ashamed of your period. You can live life normally during menstruation. If you feel uncomfortable about having your period, talk to a trusted friend or adult.

Summary in Portuguese:

Pratique exercícios. Evite o consumo de álcool e tabaco, pois tais substâncias pioram as cólicas. Mantenha-se hidratada. Controle o estresse, pois ele é capaz de ampliar a gravidade das cólicas. Lembre-se de que a menstruação é normal.


Article in English: Studies show that workers who take short breaks more regularly are happier and more productive than workers who take one long break during a shift. If you have any control over the way you take breaks, it's better to give yourself 5-10 minutes every hour or two, instead of an hour off in the middle of the day. It's also important to take time off and stay away from work for a while, as well. Taking some time off helps to energize workers and allow them to come back to work more productive. If you have vacation time, use it. If you don't, allow yourself the occasional "mental health" day if you can afford it. Call in sick. It's necessary to help keep yourself happy and productive. If you work with a bunch of strangers, your job will be a lot less enjoyable. Try to get to know a few people at work that you can talk to. This gives you something to look forward to when you clock in for the day.  Try to organize after-work drinks, or birthday celebrations whenever possible. Giving yourself a time to socialize about non-work-related stuff will help you to bring everyone closer together and make your work relationship stronger as well.  Avoid coworkers who regularly complain about work, or who try to slack off while you're at work. Hanging with this crowd will always have you feeling bummed to be at work, instead of energized about the day. Try to hang out with the more positive crowd at your job. One way to entertain yourself at work is to give yourself little challenges to improve. This will not only keep you in good standing with the management, but will also give you a little challenge in addition. If you're the competitive sort, this can be a great way to motivate you to improve.  Give yourself a work-related challenge in the short term. If you work at a restaurant, aim to get all the prep work done as early in the day as possible. Keep track of your record times. If you're in an office, see how many different spreadsheets you can complete before the day is out. Stay focused on quality over quantity while...

Summary in Portuguese:

Faça intervalos regulares. Conheça seus colegas de trabalho. Encontre pequenas maneiras de expandir suas habilidades no trabalho. Aprenda algo novo enquanto trabalha. Trabalhe com um gerente diferente. Lembre-se do porquê você está trabalhando. Deixe seu trabalho no trabalho.


Article in English: Study closely what your relationship is, where it is going, and what you would like it to be in the future.  On a scale from 1-10 (1 being bad, 10 being great) rate your relationship at the current moment.  Make sure you and your boyfriend are serious, committed partners.  Signs that you are a close, intimate couple include, but are not limited to: Shared finances, shared household responsibilities, close sexual intimacy, consistent communication, etc. If you or your boyfriend show signs that you are interested in other people, the relationship might not be stable enough.  If there was an agreement in the beginning that this would be a "fling" it might also not be safe to reveal information about your past.  In general, you should be monogamous partners who are intimate with one another. If your relationship is only a few days or weeks old it is generally not the right time yet to reveal something important about your past.  You will want your strengths to shine as a couple before you begin to delve into potential weaknesses.  Revealing something this early in the relationship might also potentially turn your boyfriend off from being in a relationship with you.  While all couples are different, just make sure that the timing is right (at, or around, a few months in). The time you spend with your boyfriend, whether it be in the car or on serious dates, is critical to gauging what type of man he truly is.  Use your current knowledge and memory base to discern whether or not he is the best person to tell something to about your past.  Look for signs such as gift giving, kisses, holding hands, consistent text messages/phone calls, etc.  These demonstrate that your boyfriend loves and cares about you. Spend time thinking about what you see for your future.  Does your future involve your boyfriend, and do you see yourself getting even more serious with him?  A potential long-term partner is someone you will want to share vital information with. Know who you are talking to.  Men vary widely, so it is critical to...

Summary in Portuguese:

Use uma escala para avaliar o namoro. Conheça melhor seu namorado. Assegure-se de que os dois confiem um no outro. Aceite o passado. Anote exatamente o que deseja contar. Ensaie o que planeja dizer. Converse com seu namorado para decidir onde, quando e por quê.


Article in English: Studying history involves memorizing lots of dates, names, events, and other facts. Look through your notes and textbook and identify keywords. Make a list of them, then create flashcards with a word on one side and its definition or explanation on the other. You can even use an app like quizlet to create flashcards digitally. If you have trouble coming up with a list, try asking your teacher what key dates, figures, and other information might show up on the test. Seeing, saying, hearing, and touching at the same time help your brain make stronger connections and memorize information more easily. Try reading your textbook out loud as you study, and say what you’re writing as you create your flashcards. You could also try recording yourself reading your textbook or flashcards. As you listen to the recording, follow along in your notes or flashcards. Memorization can be boring, but using quick, silly ways to remember facts can add a little fun. Even better, they’re also an effective way to keep your facts straight. For example, the mnemonic device Neighbors Actually Persuaded Lovely Yvonne To Shut Her Window will help you memorize the British royal families in chronological order: Norman, Angevin, Plantagenet, Lancaster, York, Tudor, Stuart, Hanover, and Windsor.

Summary in Portuguese:

Faça cartões de consulta com termos, nomes e datas importantes. Diga as informações que lê e anota em voz alta. Use dispositivos mnemônicos para memorizar os fatos.


Article in English: Style it as you normally would, using a blow dryer or flat iron. It's important to make sure your hair is dry and styled as usual so that you don't end up cutting it in a way that will look off once you have it styled. Look in the mirror and angle your head sideways. Place a comb on the crown of your head, and find the place where it starts to curve down toward your forehead. This is the spot where your bangs should naturally begin. Use the comb to pull your hair forward over your forehead starting with the place you identified in step 2. This spot will act as the point in a "V" with legs V that extend to either temple. The hair that falls inside this V shape is what you'll cut to create new bangs.  Make sure you don't gather too much hair. Cutting bangs that extend past your temples on either side will give you an old-fashioned look. Gathering too little hair is also a mistake. You want your bangs to look full and pretty, not thin. Once you've gathered your V, pull the rest of your hair back to keep it out of the way. This way you can make sure you don't end up accidentally cutting the rest of your hair. Side-swept bangs are a little longer than other styles because you sweep them to the right or left side. If they're too short, they won't fall gracefully across your face. Aim to have your bangs hit the middle of your nose when they're combed straight. If you want them shorter, you can always cut more. Use your middle finger and forefinger to pull the hair taut from your head. The part that will be cut should extend evenly from your fingers. Position it in front of your face so that you can easily reach it. Use a pair of haircutting scissors to snip the hair extending from your fingers at a slight angle. This will give it a more natural appearance than you'll get if you cut it straight across. Continue snipping along the line of hair extending from your fingers until it has all fallen away. Do not use fingernail scissors or safety scissors to cut your hair. It is very important to use professional...

Summary in Portuguese:

Lave e seque seu cabelo. Encontre o local onde começa sua franja. Faça um “V” na parte da frente de seu cabelo. Coloque o resto do cabelo para trás, num rabo de cavalo. Decida qual o comprimento de sua franja. Estique o cabelo entre os dedos. Corte o cabelo na diagonal. Veja a franja. Use um pincel de maquiagem para remover os cabelos do rosto e do pescoço.


Article in English: Subscribe to Hollywood trade publications ("the trades") and websites, like the ubiquitous Deadline.com (a must-read), to get a handle on what's being developed and produced by a studio or network. For example, Deadline reported last year that NBC was pushing big on medical dramas. What does that mean for you? That this year medical dramas are a lot less likely to sell, as NBC is currently developing 5-6 of them. Visit the directories to get the complete list of industry contacts, cross-referenced by company, name, and show, and keep notes of names that are frequently attached to projects like yours. Once you know what studios are producing similar ideas make a list of all the relevant companies. Find out if they accept unsolicited pitches. The best way to do this is through their website. Find phone numbers, emails for assistants, and anything that talks about idea generation (such as "how to pitch").  This is largely a matter of common sense. You wouldn't pitch a cheesy monster movie to NBC, you'd send it to SyFy. You wouldn't send over a period drama to Judd Apatow's production company. Think about what the studio is already making to pitch to the right people.  Many studios have fellowship programs. These are paid 6-8 week programs that help you develop and hone your ideas. They are, however, incredibly competitive and pay very little. Meeting people is still the number one way to sell an idea. Whenever you meet someone who is even tangentially involved in making films, set up a time to get coffee together. Even if this person isn't able to make your idea a reality, they may know someone who can. That said, do not make friends simply to try and get famous -- just be your normal, friendly self and offer up your ideas organically.  When possible, work on film and TV sets as a production assistant or intern. You'll meet many industry contacts who may need a new idea for their next project. If you've published before, or have industry experience, you could consider hiring an agent, though it is not strictly...

Summary in Portuguese:

Pesquise as redes e relatórios de desenvolvimento atuais. Faça uma lista com as empresas mais interessantes. Faça o máximo de contatos que puder. Considere enviar sua ideia para um serviço de divulgação. Faça uma produção independente da ideia do filme ou série.