Article in English: Before you apply for a paid position, put in some time with an unpaid one. Search online or through your school for open internships. Gain working experience to bolster your resume when it comes time for the job hunt. Other benefits of an internship include:  References from industry insiders. Extended contacts with people in the field. More familiarity with the day-to-day reality of the job. Since you don’t have any published games to point to, prepare some examples on your own to submit along with your cover letter and resume. Continue developing personal projects and publish them online in a public Git repository where employers can check them out. Don’t worry about creating whole games. Instead, develop short-and-sweet demos that highlight the specific areas that you want to specialize in. Whatever your demo might be, make it perfect. Don’t try to wow interviewers with something overly complex if you can’t get it right. Showcase something simple and flawless instead. This isn’t to say that you shouldn’t apply to positions with established, well-known, successful companies. However, such companies are better situated to offer higher pay and possibly more job security, so expect your competition here to be pretty fierce. Concentrate instead on newer, smaller companies, who, like you, probably have to be less choosy. This isn’t a guarantee that you’ll get hired, but you’re less likely to be up against programming rockstars with way more experience than you. First of all, look for job postings on company websites. Then, after you submit an application, brush up on the company. Read their own published profile, as well as any write-ups from outside sources. Jot down any questions that occur to you so you can pose them in your interview. In addition to your technical skills, demonstrating a working knowledge of both the company and the game business at large in your interview should raise your standing among other candidates. . Expect to face a lot of competition for each position. Use each and every personal...

Summary in French:

Faites un stage. Concevez des démos. Concentrez-vous d'abord sur les jeunes entreprises. Faites des recherches sur chaque entreprise dans laquelle vous postulez. Nouez des relations. Tirez des leçons des entretiens d'embauche ratés.


Article in English: Before you attach your multimeter to the circuit, you need to make sure that the meter is rated for the number of amps traveling through that circuit. Most power sources will have the approximate maximum amps printed on a nameplate, and you can find the maximum amps the multimeter can handle on the back of the device or in the instruction manual. You could also just check how high the dial goes—do not attempt to test more currents than the highest dial setting. The maximum amps may also be called the maximum current. The plug-in clamp accessory can extend the range. Just plug the leads into the multimeter and attach the other end to the circuit the way you would attach the multimeter clamps.  Place the clamp around the hot or live wire, which is usually black, red, blue, or some other color except white or green. When you use a clamp, it doesn't become part of the circuit, unlike when you are just using a multimeter. Your multimeter should have a red probe and a black probe, whether you're using a clamp attachment or the probes that came with the meter. One end of the probe will have a prong that plugs into the meter. The black probe, which indicates a negative wire, should always be plugged into the COM socket.  "COM" stands for “common.” If the port isn't marked with “COM,” you may see a negative symbol, instead. If your leads have prongs, you'll have to hold them in place when you measure the current. If they have clamps, you can attach them to the circuit, freeing up your hands. However, both types of probes will connect to the meter in the same way. " You may have several places where you can plug in a red probe, depending on the functions of your meter. The port marked with “A” measures amperage.  You may see 2 sockets with an “A,” one labeled as “A” or “10A” and one labeled “mA.” The one that says “A” or “10A” is designed to measure current up to 10 amps, while the one that says “mA” measures milli-amps, up to about 300 mA. If you're not sure which one to use, select the higher “A” or “10A” setting to...

Summary in French:

Regardez les indications portées sur la pile ou le coupe-circuit. Utilisez une connexion enfichable si le multimètre n'est pas adapté. Enfoncez l'embout noir dans le bornier COM du multimètre. Enfoncez l'embout rouge dans le bornier A. Sélectionnez le type de courant. Calibrez correctement votre multimètre.


Article in English: Before you attempt to dispose of your Petri dishes, you first need to take the proper safety precautions.  Although most of the bacteria you grow will not be hazardous, large bacteria colonies may pose more of a risk - so you will need to kill them before disposal using household bleach. Protect your hands from the bleach by wearing rubber gloves, protect your eyes with plastic goggles and protect your clothes by wearing an apron. Cover open cuts with rubber gloves and avoid ingesting or breathing in the bacteria as it grows. Open the Petri dish and carefully pour a small amount of bleach on top of the bacteria colonies, holding the dish over a sink. This will destroy the bacteria.  Be very careful not to let any of the bleach touch your skin, as it will burn. Then place the disinfected Petri dish into a ziplock plastic bag and dispose of the bag in the trash.

Summary in French:

Prenez des précautions sanitaires. Versez de l'eau de Javel dans les boites de Petri.


Article in English: Before you attempt to reconnect with your child, it may be helpful to find out why your adult child is upset or angry with you. You may be able to get the information directly from your child, or you may need to find out from someone else who knows the situation. In order to mend fences, find out the problem first.  Once you have a sense of what has gone wrong, you will have some time to think through your next steps, and what you want to communicate to your son or daughter. Reach out to your adult child and ask. You could say, “Renee, I know you aren’t speaking to me right now, and I would like to know what I have done to hurt you. Could you please let me know? It’s okay if you don’t want to talk to me, but please write or email. I can’t fix the problem if I don’t know what it is.” If you do not hear a response from your son or daughter, you could get in touch with another family member or mutual friend who might know what’s going on. You could say, “Jack, have you talked to your sister lately? She’s not speaking to me, and I can’t find out what the problem is. Do you know what’s going on?” While discovering the reason behind the estrangement would be optimal, be aware that you may not be able to find out what is going on. However, don’t let that stop you from pursuing reconnecting with your child. Spend some time thinking about the reasons behind the estrangement. Was it triggered by something from the past? Has there recently been a huge change of life that caused the rift (such as a death in the family, or a birth of a child)? Perhaps you even refused to communicate with your child for a period of time, and now find your child unwilling to communicate with you. Keep in mind that many adult children become estranged from their parents because of their parents’ broken marriage. Children from a broken marriage experienced their parents prioritizing their happiness over the needs of the child (even if the divorce was for the best). Often, in these types of situations parents may speak badly about the other...

Summary in French:

Soyez clair sur ce qui a mal tourné. Faites de l'introspection. Endossez la responsabilité. Contactez votre enfant. Écrivez une lettre Acceptez les limites qu'il fixe.


Article in English: Before you begin cooking your tomato sauce, you need to preheat your oven at 400 °F (204 °C). In a saucepan, add 4 tablespoons of extra virgin olive oil and the chopped onion. Cook the onion until it is translucent. Add all of the tomato sauce and stir. Cook on a low flame for 15 minutes. Remove from heat and set aside. The pastella is the coating for the eggplant. Beat 4 eggs in a bowl. Add flour, 1/2 cup of the Parmesan cheese, minced garlic, and mint. Mix well. Add the water and stir.  If the pastella is too thick, you can add more water. The pastella is supposed to be about the consistency of pancake batter. If you add too much water, add more flour to thicken it back up. Peel each of your eggplants. Cut them lengthwise in strips. They should be about 1⁄4 inch (0.6 cm) thick. Dip the eggplant in the pastella. Coat both sides evenly. Make sure there isn't too much pastella on the pieces. You want them covered but not drenched. Heat the olive oil in a large pan. Fry each pastella coated eggplant piece in the oil until golden brown. Remove them and place them on a paper towel. Blot with more paper towels to remove the excess oil. Cover the bottom of a large baking pan with a generous helping of the tomato sauce you set aside earlier. Layer the eggplant on top of the sauce, covering the whole pan. Cover each eggplant slice with more tomato sauce. Sprinkle 1/2 cup of Parmesan cheese on top of the eggplant. Also add 1/4 a pound of mozzarella cubes to this layer. Last, add a layer of mortadella on top of the cheese. Repeat until you run out of eggplant.  Mortadella is an Italian deli meat that is similar to bologna. It has a sweeter flavor and is milder in flavor than bologna. Look for it in the deli section of your grocery store. This amount of eggplant is generally enough for three layers. Add a generous amount of sauce on the top layer of eggplant. Sprinkle the remaining Parmesan cheese, which should be about 1 cup. Make the final layer along the top of the dish with the slices of mozzarella. Cook for 30...

Summary in French:

Préchauffez le four. Préparez la sauce tomate. Préparez la « pastella ». Préparez les aubergines. Faites cuire les aubergines. Disposez les ingrédients en couches. Terminez la partie supérieure. Faites cuire au four.


Article in English: Before you begin laying the blocks, visualize all the corners of your frame. Section off the corners with wooden stakes. Use a cord or string to tie off exactly where the corners’ edges will be. Attach a cord or string to the wooden stake used to mark the corners. The string should create a circumference around your work space. Lay out your blocks along the dried footing and see how many you'll need for the first layer. Don't seal these down.  Use a 5x8 to separate the blocks to account for the mortar.  Use corner blocks on the corners if available. After testing, remove the blocks and prepare for the real event. Take the bag of dried concrete and measure out one dosage.  Look on the bag's specifications for the brand you choose. Prepare a container to mix the dried mortar with water.  Use a five gallon bucket that you don't mind damaging. Never mix more mortar than you can use.

Summary in French:

Préparez les coins. Déterminez le nombre de blocs. Préparez le mortier.


Article in English: Before you begin planning a memorial service for someone who has recently passed, it is important to check their will (or if you do not have permission to read the will, consult with someone who does).  Perhaps they had specific requests for the service or perhaps they explicitly requested not to have a service at all! Check here if you need to  probate a will. Once you've consulted the will, think about the deceased and the kind of service they might have wanted, as well as what the family would like. Like people, no two memorial services are the same; they reflect the diverse personalities of the deceased and their loved ones. In order to plan mouse the most appropriate kind of service, it is essential to do this kind of pre-planning. While no two services are quite the same, here are a few general types of services.  Funerals are usually held very soon after death, as the body is made available for viewing by mourners. While funerals are not necessarily religious, they do tend to be so, and are a good type of service to have if you and your family want something more traditional.  Memorials can often be held any amount of time after a funeral, either for a more public audience, for loved one's who could not attend the funeral, or to emphasize a different aspect of remembrance. Conversely, many often elect to have a memorial in place of a funeral. Either way, the body is not present at a memorial and the purpose is to remember the deceased and allow loved ones time and space to grieve. Life celebrations are a newer form of memorial service in which the emphasis is less on grief and more on, as the name suggests, celebrating the life of the deceased. These events tend to be quite lively, with jokes on and toasts to the deceased made instead of tearful remembrances. As with memorials, the body is not present at a life celebration. Coping with grief is difficult enough without the extra responsibility of planning a service. While many families have that one person who organizes and is on top of everything (if...

Summary in French:

Lisez le testament du défunt. Choisissez le type de messe à organiser. Déléguez les tâches.


Article in English: Before you begin wet sanding, be sure you remove any debris or film from the area you will be working on.  Use a regular automotive soap and a sponge to wash it, then rinse it thoroughly with a hose.  Do not use an automotive soap that is also a polish or a wax. You will not need to wait for the area to dry to move on. Do not simply use your hands when wet sanding.  The gaps between your fingers will create an uneven sanding surface, resulting in an inconsistent finish.  Instead, wrap the sandpaper around a pad, handle or sandpaper squeegee based on your preference.  Depending on the area you are wet sanding, there are flat, curved, and bendable handles you can choose from. Read the instructions on the tool you opt to purchase to see how to secure the paper to it. You can buy sanding tools at most hardware and auto parts stores. With the sandpaper thoroughly soaked, begin sanding the area with small circular motions and a light amount of pressure.  If your sanding does not seem to be affecting the clear coat, apply a little more pressure so it will.  Do not press hard enough to create scratches in the paint itself.  It may take a little practice to determine just how much pressure you need to apply to the sandpaper. Ease off of the sandpaper if it appears to be penetrating beyond the clear coat or damaging the paint. Switch the direction of your circular motions from time to time or approach the area from a different angle.  This will ensure you sand the entire surface evenly.  Uneven sanding can be difficult to identify while you work, but may be apparent in the final product. Be careful not to increase pressure when changing angles or directions. The color in the paint should bleed into the water and tint it slightly.  If the water gets any darker, you are sanding too hard. Do not allow the sandpaper to become dry while wet sanding.  Keep the area heavily saturated with soapy water throughout the process by dipping the sandpaper in the bucket often and even pouring some of the soapy water on the vehicle. ...

Summary in French:

Nettoyez et rincez la zone à poncer. Coincez le papier de verre sur la cale à poncer. Poncez de façon circulaire. Pour un ponçage uniforme, variez l'angle et le sens de ponçage. Ne travaillez jamais à sec. Poncez toujours à plat.


Article in English: Before you begin, consider using plants that tolerate clay soil, as this eliminates the need to amend the soil. Switchgrass, asters, Russian sage, and hostas are all good options. On the other hand, many plants will struggle to thrive in clay soil, regardless of how effectively you amend it. For example, choosing plants that like very dry or excessively acidic soil can be an uphill battle. . The first step in amending your soil is to diagnose your soil's pH. There are several ways to do this, ranging from DIY strip tests to commercial testing kits. If you're a serious grower, consider visiting your local county extension and get a soil testing kit straight from the source.  Find your local county extension office and get a soil testing kit. Directions for use it are included in the package.  Mail directly to your state laboratory. It may take a little longer than normal to get the results back in the spring because of the volume of requests. Your results will provide a detailed analysis of your soil composition, the pH, and which amendments you may need to add to bring your soil up to optimum growing conditions. pH is a scale of how acidic or alkaline a material is. The scale goes from 0 to 14, with 0 being very acidic, 7 being neutral, and 14 being very basic. Amending your soil to become more acidic, for example, won't do anything if your water is very alkaline and you're planning on using it to water your plants. Don't get lazy — test the pH of your water as well as your soil. Most water is slightly alkaline, which may or may not be good depending on what you are trying to grow.  If your water is basic, it is "hard" water. Hard water is generally what groundwater ends up being, mainly because it doesn't erode the pipes that contain it and transport it around. Acidic water is "soft." Soft water is achieved by removing calcium and magnesium from the water. If you want to stay on the safe side, get pure, filtered water. Pure, filtered water is about as neutral as you'll get. This way, the introduction of...

Summary in French:

Avant d'amender votre sol, demandez-vous s'il ne serait pas plus facile de faire pousser des plantes et des arbres qui aiment ce genre de sols. Mesurez le pH de votre sol. Testez le pH de votre eau. Faites un test de percolation de votre sol. Retournez la zone où vous allez planter sur au moins 15 cm de profondeur ou encore mieux 20 cm.


Article in English: Before you begin, you will need to determine the period of time your financial report will cover. Most financial reports are prepared quarterly and annually, although some companies also prepare them on a monthly basis.  To determine the period of time your financial report should cover, review the governing documents of your organization, such as the bylaws, corporate charter or articles of incorporation. These documents may describe how often the financial report should be prepared. Ask an executive at your organization how frequently reports are expected to be prepared. If you are the executive of your own organization, consider when the financial report would be most useful to you and select that as your financial report date. Next, you'll need to make sure everything in your ledgers is up to date and properly recorded. Your financial report will not be useful to readers unless the underlying accounting data is correct.  For example, make sure all accounts payable and receivable have been processed, verify that the bank reconciliation is complete, and ascertain whether all inventory purchases and product sales have been recorded. You'll also need to consider any liabilities that may be unrecorded as of the financial report date. For example, has the company received any services that have not been invoiced? Are employees owed wages that have not yet been paid? These items represent accrued liabilities and must be recorded in the financial statements. If your review of the ledgers reveals any missing information, track down any pertinent documents you'll need to ensure that your financial report is complete and correct.

Summary in French:

Décidez d'un délai à respecter. Examinez votre grand livre. Recueillez les informations manquantes.


Article in English: Before you can begin to work on your new habit, it is worthwhile to consider your goal. Figure out exactly what you hope to accomplish. Make sure that your goal is specific, measurable, action oriented, realistic, and time bound (SMART) to increase your chances of success. Consider what you want to achieve and get as detailed as you can. Here are some questions to help.  Specific means that the goal is targeted rather than broad and/or vague. What exactly do you want to achieve and why? Measurable means that the goal can be quantified (measured with numbers). What numbers are associated with your goal? How can it be measured using numbers? Action Oriented means that the goal is something that you can actively work towards and control. What specific activities are required for you to meet your goal? How often must you perform these activities? Realistic means that the goal is something you can actually achieve with the resources available to you. Is your goal something that you have the power and resources to achieve? Why or why not? Time Bound means that the goal has a beginning and ending or a deadline that you will hold yourself to. When will you start working towards the goal? When do you need to accomplish the goal by? What will happen if you succeed? What will happen if you fail?

Summary in French:


Article in English: Before you can even start writing your letter, you need to decide what stationery to use. Notebook paper is always a safe option, but it’s not the only one. If you recently went on a trip with your family, use a postcard from that location. Or if you have special stationary that you really love, use that instead. To do this, write your note on a 6” by 6” piece of paper (or any square-shaped paper). Fold the paper twice over so your paper is divided into four equal quadrants. Fold the top point down to meet the crease in the center. Fold the bottom point up so it touches the top point. Fold your right side to meet the crease in the center and then do the same with the left side. Flip the heart over and fold the top points down. If you’re passing your note in an envelope, feel free to gussy up the envelope as well. You can add stickers or use stencils to write your crush’s name out. If you want to be funny, try cutting out your crush’s name using letters from a magazine and taping them to the envelope so it looks like a ransom note.  Keep in mind that he might not like stickers as much as you do. Less is usually more when it comes to decorating your note, unless you want the note to look over-the-top on purpose. If the note is serious in tone, it's probably best to keep it simple: just write his name in plain letters on the envelope. To make your envelope a little more colorful and fun, try painting it. To do this, all you will need is your envelope, some paint and a brush. Try painting wavy lines in different colored stripes.  When painting, make sure to keep your brush flat and drag it across the surface. Let the envelope dry before you put your letter inside.

Summary in French:

Choisissez le bon papier. Pliez le mot en forme de cœur. Décorez l'enveloppe. Peignez l'enveloppe à la peinture à l'eau.


Article in English: Before you can figure out which behaviors to address, consider your own boundaries. You want to have a firm understanding of what you are and are not okay with in your relationship.  You should never feel bad about asserting your boundaries. If a behavior makes you uncomfortable or unhappy, you have every right to address it. Do not worry about your boyfriend's feelings when considering where you draw the line. Think about what behaviors bother you. You may not mind your boyfriend expressing appreciation for your body in private; however, intimate touching in public may seem embarrassing. Try to have a list of boundaries in your head. In the future, you will know when to speak up. You do not want to let any resentment simmer in a relationship. You should also feel comfortably routinely speaking up for your rights and boundaries. The second your boyfriend crosses a line, let him know.  For example, say you do not like it when your boyfriend makes demeaning comments about your butt. Even in private, you do not like to be talked about in an overly sexual way. If you are hanging with your boyfriend and he makes such a comment, do not get angry, but don't stay silent. Immediately address the issue. Say something like, "I don't like it when you talk about me like that." Being assertive does not have to mean being aggressive. You do not want to start an argument with your boyfriend. When you are addressing problem behaviors, be clear and direct about your feelings without being aggressive.  There is no need to raise your voice or snap at your boyfriend. You can simply state your issue in a calm, clear voice. Avoid argumentative or angry language. Be polite, but also firm. For example, say you dislike it when your boyfriend grabs your butt in public. If this occurs, say something like, "I really don't like it when you do that. I feel uncomfortable." Many people feel responsible for the feelings of those around them, or that being nice means avoiding confrontation at all costs. This is not the case. If your boyfriend...

Summary in French:

Identifie tes propres limites. Règle le problème dès que l'occasion se présente. Sois gentille, mais ferme. Tu dois prendre conscience de tes droits.


Article in English: Before you can find someone who will meet your needs, you need to get to know yourself really well. Take some time to do a personal inventory of your core values and figure out what your emotional needs are. Write them down so that you can consult your list as you search for your future partner. Some good questions to consider include:  What is most important to you? Family? Career? A hobby? Your friends? Honesty? Loyalty? Or something else? List your values and then rank them in order of their importance. What do you want from a partner? Understanding? A sense of humor? Kindness? Strength? Encouragement? List the things that you want your future partner to provide in order of importance to you. Before you go out looking for someone who you would like to fall in love with you, think about what you really want in a partner. Make a list of all of the qualities that you would like your future partner to possess before you embark on your love quest. What traits do you want your future partner to have? Do you want someone who likes to read? Enjoys cooking? Is close to his/her family? Has a sense of humor? Treats you like a queen/king? People are more likely to fall in love with people who share their interests, so consider looking for someone at a club that you belong to or through some other group that you participate in. While you may be attracted to someone physically, it may not be a love match if you have nothing in common with the person.  For example, if you volunteer at the local hospital, try getting to know your fellow volunteers. If you love to work out, try talking to people who frequent your local gym. You might also consider an online dating site. These sites can match you with people who share your interests, which may make it easier for you to connect with the person on your first date.

Summary in French:

Essayez de savoir qui vous êtes et ce que vous voulez. Réfléchissez aux traits de caractère que vous souhaiteriez trouver chez votre futur conjoint. Trouvez quelqu'un qui partage vos centres d'intérêt.


Article in English: Before you can go off and try to find work, you need to figure out what type of clowning is best for your personality. This can determine how you alter your routine and what kind of clients you will work with. For example, you will do different tricks depending on whether you're working with hospital patients, children, or adults. You can do multiple kinds of clowning, of course, but you should always keep your audience in mind before you perform. Here are some places where you can work:  Children's parties Adult parties Children's hospitals Circuses Clown school used to be more popular, such as the Barnum and Bailey's clown school that was a big hit until the mid-90s, but you can still find some classes to take if you want to improve as a clown. Barnum and Baileys, for example, still offers a one-year clown school if you make the cut, though it does not have a permanent location. If you don't have time for clown school or if there aren't any clown schools in your area, you can still go to clown conventions to learn some tricks and moves from the great masters. The Clowns of America International web site, for example, advertises a clown camp in Orlando in 2014. Going to conventions is a great way to meet other clowns and to improve your skills. The CAI website also offers information about Clown Alleys, or places where you can find and learn from groups of other clowns. You can contact these clowns and ask if they wouldn't mind having a student. The best way to learn, really, is to find a clown mentor that is right for you. Remember that, just because a clown is great doesn't mean that he or she is interested in the same kind of clowning that tickles your fancy. If you want to make this a business, try to get some advertisements up around your local area. Contact your local newspaper and local venues to see if you can pay to put up posters and adverts. To really make it as a clown, you'll have to understand marketing and advertising techniques, especially on a local basis, to improve your chances of booking...

Summary in French:

Décidez quel genre de clown vous voulez être. Allez dans une école de clown. Allez à des conférences et des séminaires de clown. Apprenez les ficelles du métier avec d'autres clowns. Faites-vous de la publicité comme un professionnel. Commencez petit.


Article in English: Before you can start a summer camp, you will need to gauge interest in the camp for both parents and other children in the neighborhood. Depending on the age and number of attendees, there should be at least one adult to supervise during each day of the camp. There should be one adult available to supervise for every ten 6- to 8-year-old attendees. You don’t want anyone to feel excluded, but if all camp attendees are relatively close to the same age, they’re much more likely to have fun over the camp session. It’s also preferable that all of the attendees already know each other from school, as family friends, etc. Once you have gauged interest in the camp, you can use that information to decide on a length for the camp. Say nine kids want to join, and five parents are each willing to host for one day. You can easily set up a five-day long camp session with one parent handling supervision duties each day. If all of the campers are into the same new superhero movie or if they’re all friends who share a similar interest, consider picking a theme for the camp. This can help inspire ideas for activities, decorations, art projects, and lots of other camp-related items. Just because you have parents willing to host certain days of the camp, that doesn’t mean they’ll want it at their homes. Find out if each parent would prefer to create activities around their house or take the children on a field trip for their assigned days. You can also use this time to gather activity ideas from all the parents to make a list of potential camp festivities. With a theme and some great locations in mind, you’re ready to create a full list of potential activities for campers. Try to think of creative ways to incorporate your camp’s theme into the camp. Make sure you also pick activities appropriate to the age of the campers.  For a sports camp, consider minor league sporting events in your town; availability of baseball, softball, or basketball courts at local parks; drills related to practicing skills; sports trivia games; local...

Summary in French:

Parlez-en aux parents et aux enfants qui pourraient être intéressés. Choisissez convenablement les participants. Décidez de la durée du camp. Choisissez un thème. Trouvez un emplacement. Choisissez les activités à faire. Établissez un programme. Faites vos provisions. Procédez à l’installation du camp.


Article in English: Before you can start drawing, drawing materials are the things you need to have. Coloring materials you can use in cartooning can be crayons, color pencils, watercolors, and many more. The first thing to do in cartooning is to make the draft illustration of the character using a pencil, preferably an HB pencil. The draft consists of the main shapes of the cartoon character’s body and clothes, the position, the expression, and the hair. A drawing pen is the preferred pen to use in papers since it provides you a variety of choices of width. Moreover, drawing pens are easy to use and produces cleaner drawing.  You can use any medium you like and you can color it the way you want.

Summary in French:

Ayez ce qu'il faut, crayon, stylo et ustensiles de coloriage. Commencez par dessiner les grandes lignes. Repassez le personnage avec un stylo à dessin. Effacez les traits de crayon avec une gomme. Mettez les couleurs que vous voulez.


Article in English: Before you can succeed at selling soap, you must become an expert at making it, and refine the technique and formulae you want to use. There are two main methods for making soap, the hot process and the cold process.  The cold process of making soap is the most common method. It involves mixing an alkali (usually lye) with fats or oils. Once mixed and formed into shape, it can take weeks for the soap to cure. The hot process of making soap requires you to cook the soap. This method requires no cure time, and can make it easier to add scents and colors. However, it is more difficult to work with and mold hot process soap. If you are new to soap making, consider taking a class in your area. Check with local crafts organizations, stores, and soap makers to see what opportunities are available. Basic soap making only requires a few ingredients, but a wide variety of types of soap can be make by tweaking the formula. If you want to create a product that stands out, experiment with ingredients like scents, colors, and moisturizers until you create a soap that you think is unique and high-quality. Soap making requires a few dedicated tools, and a space to work in (whether just your kitchen, or a full shop). As your soap making operation grows, you might purchase additional equipment, but to start out you will at least need:  A blender A microwave Molds A mixing kettle Labelers Wrappers You’ll want to set yourself apart from the competition, and create a product that consumers really want. Think about who you want to buy your soaps, and what kind of niche your products will fill. For example, you might create soaps that are entirely free of any animal by-products for those consumers who care about animal rights, or soaps that are made using only all-natural ingredients for consumers who care about “green” and healthy living. Think about:  Creating a unique and memorable company name  Using specially designed shapes Embossing the soap with letters or other forms Wrapping the soap in special papers or ribbons Creating...

Summary in French:

Apprenez à fabriquer du savon. Développez une formule unique. Procurez-vous l'équipement nécessaire. Développez votre marque. Trouvez des fournisseurs. Faites-vous aider par des professionnels. Mettez en place votre commerce.


Article in English: Before you can successfully deter the animals that are bothering your garden, you'll need to know which type of animals you are working with.  Knowing more about the type of animal will help you form a strategy that is unique to that animal's nature.  The more directed your methods are to an animal's likes and dislikes, the safer your garden is likely to be.  Take a look at some of the common garden invaders to get an idea of which animals you might be dealing with:  Rabbits Groundhogs Mice Moles Raccoons Rats Skunks Deer Birds Slugs and snails Rabbits will love to find a way into your garden and will eat nearly anything you have planted there.  Because rabbits can be such a pest, you'll want to have your garden set up in a way that keeps them out and makes your garden seem unappealing.  Keep some of these tips in mind to stop rabbits from eating your garden:  Garden fences should be at least 3' tall. Burying a fence 1' underground can help prevent rabbits from burrowing under. Raised beds can make it difficult for rabbits to enter your garden. Try adding barrier plants like azalea or boxwood to repel rabbits. Clean up piles of brush, logs or rocks to remove a rabbit's favorite hiding places. Ask your local authorities about trapping regulations if your rabbit problem persists. Deer are a common garden pest and can cause big problems for your garden.  To keep deer away from your garden, you'll want to make it an uncomfortable place for them.  Try using some of these methods to help keep deer out of your garden and protect your plants:  A deer fence will need to be around 8' tall. Deer won't leap over a fence if they don't see a safe space to land.  Try adding another, inner fence or fence posts to prevent them from leaping into your garden. Spraying predator urine around your garden's parameter can scare deer away. Scaring deer away with motion triggered devices is a good option. Dogs that allowed to roam outdoors can keep deer from your garden. Rosemary, garlic and oregano can make good barrier plants. Mice...

Summary in French:

Identifiez les coupables. Dissuadez les lapins. Repoussez les chevreuils. Repoussez les petits rongeurs.


Article in English: Before you can train your dog to bark when he wants to go outside, you will need to teach him to bark on command or "speak." This is a relatively easy trick to teach your dog, although you may want to avoid if your dog already barks a lot.  To start, get your dog excited by waving a favorite toy around, making a noise, or doing anything else to get him to bark. When he barks, reward him with a treat. Try to only reward a single bark, as you do not want to encourage him to keep barking. Once you are able to get your dog to bark consistently with this method, add a hand signal or verbal command and use it consistently until the dog learns to bark when this command is given. Continue to practice and reinforce the behavior by giving your dog a treat when he speaks on command. Do not reward the dog for barking unless you specifically ask him to do it. Once your dog is able to speak on command, you can move on to teaching him to bark as a signal to go outside. Start by going to the door and asking your dog to speak. When he does, immediately let him out. As with the other training methods, if going outside is not enough of a reward for your dog, reward him with a treat as you let him out. The more consistent you are with this training, the faster your dog will learn. Have him bark each and every time you go outside, and before long, he will learn that he can ask you to go outside by repeating that behavior.

Summary in French:

Dressez votre chien à aboyer sur commande. Faites en sorte que votre chien parle près de la porte. Soyez consistant.


Article in English: Before you can upload your website via FileZilla, you'll need to know your username, password, and website address for your hosting service's FTP server. This can usually be found in the "FTP" section of the hosting service's dashboard.  Common examples of hosting services include GoDaddy and Hostinger. You must be logged in to see this information. If your website doesn't support FTP, you'll need to upload it directly to your hosting service's control panel instead. Open Start (Windows) or Spotlight (Mac), then type in filezilla and click or double-click the FileZilla result. This will open the FileZilla window. If you don't yet have FileZilla installed, go to https://filezilla-project.org/ and click Download FileZilla Client, click Download FileZilla Client on the subsequent page, click Download, then double-click the downloaded installation file and follow the installation instructions. It's in the top-left corner of the FileZilla window (Windows) or the screen (Mac). A drop-down menu will appear. You'll see this at the top of the drop-down menu. Doing so opens a new window. It's on the left side of the window. This will create a new site entry. When you see the "New Site" tag appear on the left side of the window, type in the name you want to use for the site and then press ↵ Enter. In the "Protocol" section at the top of the window, you should see "FTP - File Transfer Protocol" listed in the drop-down box. If not, click the drop-down box and then click FTP - File Transfer Protocol in the drop-down menu. In the "Host" text field, type in the website address that was listed on your hosting service's FTP page. It's in the middle of the window. A drop-down menu will appear. This option is in the drop-down menu. Selecting it prompts both a username text field and a password text field to appear. Type your website host's FTP username into the "User" text box, then type your website host's FTP password into the "Password" text box. It's at the bottom of the window. Doing so will prompt FileZilla to open your...

Summary in French:

Recherchez les informations d'accès au service FTP de votre hébergeur. Ouvrez FileZilla. Ouvrez Filezilla et Cliquez sur Fichier. Cliquez sur Gestionnaire de site…. Cliquez sur Nouveau site. Entrez le nom de votre site web. Vérifiez que vous utilisez le protocole FTP. Entrez l’adresse de votre site web. Cliquez sur la boite de sélection intitulée Type de connexion. Cliquez sur Normal. Entrez vos identifiants de connexion FTP. Cliquez sur Se connecter. Recherchez les fichiers de votre site web. Sélectionnez les fichiers de votre site web. Transférez les fichiers sélectionnés vers votre site web. Accédez à votre site web au moyen de votre navigateur.


Article in English: Before you can use the CORE process effectively, it’s vital that you recognize the problem. In Alcoholics Anonymous, alcoholism is viewed as a disease which only a Higher Power can help you with; outside AA, however, there are other models of alcohol dependence. One useful way to look at a drinking problem is to view it in terms of survival instincts. The brain is divided into two basic parts, which we will call the human brain (you) and the animal brain (it). The animal brain is concerned only with survival, and when you are chemically dependent on alcohol, it falsely thinks that you need alcohol to survive. Because of this, you could call it the "booze brain." If you don't understand how the booze brain works, it can easily trick the human brain (you) into drinking.

Summary in French:


Article in English: Before you change out the defective element, you'll need to temporarily disable the electricity flowing to it. Head to your home's main circuit breaker and find the switch corresponding to the oven. Flip it to the “Off” position to disable the power. You may find 2 individual breakers, 1 for each of the 120-volt fuses that powers the oven. If this is the case, be sure to shut off both breakers.  If there's not a separate breaker for the oven itself, you may have to flip the breaker for the whole kitchen. Unplug the oven from the wall as well, just to be on the safe side. Some ovens have flat metal covers at the bottom that are designed to keep the lower baking elements out of sight. To remove 1 of these covers, feel for the grooved lip on the front edge and pull up on it sharply. Then, lift the panel away from its slot.  If you don't see the curving wire element when you open the oven door, there's a good chance it's being concealed by a cover. Not all base panels have raised lips. It may be necessary to first push down on one corner of the panel in order to lift the opposite corner enough to grip. Loosen and extract the screws at each of the connection sites with a flathead screwdriver. Most heating elements have 2 screws on the front side and 2 more along the back, connecting the piece to the rear wall of the oven.  If the element in your oven is fastened with bolts instead of standard screws, you can strip them using a 1⁄4 inch (0.64 cm) nut driver tool.  Set the screws aside in one place to avoid losing them. It may help to place them in a small dish to keep them together. Pull the loose element a few inches away from the rear wall to create a comfortable amount of space. Use a pair of needle-nosed pliers to gently pull the 2 colored wires away from the terminals on the backside of the element. Pay attention to how the wires are configured so you'll be able to easily reconnect them once you've installed the new element.  Be careful not let the wires slip through the holes in the back of the oven, or...

Summary in French:

Coupez l’électricité du four. Retirez le panneau de base qui couvre la résistance. Dévissez la résistance à l’avant et à l’arrière. Débranchez les fils qui sortent de la résistance.


Article in English: Before you choose the subject at the top of your hierarchy map, you should write down a list of important subjects related to your project or assignment. If you know that your project should be about trees, for example, then that word would go at the top of your concept map. But if you just know that you have to write or think about objects in nature, or materials made from nature, then your task is a bit harder. First, write out all of the concepts related to your general subject:  Trees Oxygen Wood Humans Plants Animals Houses Paper Once you've brainstormed a list of concepts related to your project, you can choose the concept that is most essential to all of the others -- the one from which all of the others stem. This may be obvious, or it may require a little thought. Remember, if it's a hierarchical map, then the central word should be the one that connects all of the others. In this case, the word is "Trees".  This word will appear in a box or oval at the top of your map. Note that in some cases, you can skip the first step. If you already know that you have to write a paper or give a presentation on "Trees," for example, you can write that word at the top of the hierarchical map right away. Once you've found your keys word, draw arrows extending downward to the left and right that connect the word to the next two or three most important words. These next words should be able to connect to the other words you've brainstormed, which will appear below them. In this case, the hierarchical term is "Trees," and it will be linked to the two next most important terms, "Oxygen" and "Wood". Now that you've found your key word and the next most important words, you can write the words that relate to the second key words below these. These terms will become more specific, and should relate back to the words above them, "Oxygen" and "Wood," as well as the most central word, "Trees." Here are the terms that you'll list below these more central terms:  Humans Plants Animals Houses Paper Furniture Add lines to...

Summary in French:

Dressez une liste de sujets importants. Choisissez le concept le plus important. Reliez le mot-clé au deuxième mot le plus important de votre liste. Reliez les deuxièmes mots-clés à des mots moins importants. Expliquez la relation entre les termes.


Article in English: Before you clean a graze, you should wash your hands. You do not want to touch a bleeding wound with dirty hands. Wash your hands in warm tap water with antibacterial soap.  Get your hands wet under clean, running water. Then, lather your hands with soap. Make sure to get between your fingers, under your fingernails, and the backs of your hands. Make sure to scrub for at least 20 seconds. To help you keep track of time, try humming the "Happy Birthday" song twice. Rinse your hands and dry them with a clean, dry towel. The first thing you want to do with a graze is work on stopping the bleeding. If the graze is minor, bleeding should stop on its own. If the bleeding does not stop within a few minutes, apply pressure to the wound using a sterile bandage or a clean cloth. It can also help to elevate the wound slightly while applying pressure. Once you've stopped the bleeding, clean the graze. This can help prevent infection. To clean the graze, run it under tap water. Do not use antiseptic, as this can irritate the skin. When the wound is cleaned out, gently pat it dry with a clean towel. To prevent infection, it's a good idea to apply an over-the-counter antibacterial cream or ointment. Neosporin or Polysporin would work well. Apply a layer to the wound, following the instructions on the package.  In addition to preventing infection, your antibiotic cream can also speed the healing of your wound by keeping it moist and free of bacteria.  If you are allergic to any ingredient in a product, don't use it. Discontinue use and consult your doctor if you develop a rash, hives, itching, skin irritation, burning, cracking, peeling, or worsening of your injury. You can either use an adhesive bandage with a non-stick pad or a non-stick gauze to cover the graze. Don't use a gauze that lacks a non-stick surface because it can stick to the wound and pull off skin when you remove it, preventing your wound from healing. Make sure the covering is big enough to protect the full graze, and the skin surrounding the graze. If you...

Summary in French:

Prenez soin de vous laver les mains. Faites cesser le saignement. Nettoyez la plaie. Appliquez un antibiotique sur la plaie. Bandez-la. Gardez la plaie humide.


Article in English: Before you decide to ask your girlfriend's parents for their daughter's hand in marriage, consider what you know about them and if this is something that they will expect or even appreciate. This is an old tradition that some parents might see as essential, while others might not expect at all.  If you are unsure about whether or not your girlfriend's parents will appreciate this gesture, then try asking your girlfriend what she thinks. You could say something like, "Are your parents pretty traditional when it comes to marriage?" or "How did your parents get engaged?" Conduct research into your her parents’ values if necessary.  For instance, if your girlfriend’s parents are from India, you might need to investigate Indian marriage traditions to figure out whether or not asking a girl’s parents for her hand in marriage is a standard part of the marriage process.  Use internet search engines and your local library to discover more about the specific cultural norms of your girlfriend’s parents. Ask your girlfriend if she’d like to get married.  This is different than proposing to your girlfriend.  Inquire generally what she imagines in your shared future.  Ask, for instance, “Where do you see us in three to five years?”  If she brings up marriage, you can safely proceed with the process of asking for her hand from her parents. If she does not immediately mention marriage, ask her specifically if she’d ever like to get married to you.  For instance, you might ask, “Do you think we would be happy if we were married?”  If she says yes, go forward with the process of asking her parents for her hand in marriage.  If she is uninterested in marriage or unsure if she wants to marry you, don’t pressure her into it. Is now a good time for you two to get married?  Are there any reasons you shouldn't?  Think about it through your girlfriend's parents' eyes: would they want their daughter marrying you?  If you have only known one another for a week, you may want to hold off on proposing marriage.  It is wise to date someone...

Summary in French:

Renseignez-vous sur les valeurs de ses parents. Discutez de mariage avec votre petite amie . Réfléchissez au meilleur moment pour le faire. Devinez la réponse en avance .


Article in English: Before you decide to voluntarily give up parental rights, understand the consequences of this decision. Terminating parental rights has fairly serious legal repercussions and it's not a decision that should be made lightly.  All rights and responsibilities regarding your parenthood will be terminated once parental rights are terminated. If you volunteer your rights, you'll have no input regarding the child's education, religion, upbringing, location, and any other factors regarding the child. You will also not be legally guaranteed any kind of custody or visitation.  If you want your co-parent to terminate the rights to your child, understand your co-parent will no longer have obligations to support the child financially or otherwise. You cannot seek child support or visitation from your co-parent once his or her rights are terminated. Courts will not grant voluntary termination unless parents can objectively prove this is in the best interest of the child. Judges are generally hesitant to terminate parental rights, even if they're being given up voluntarily. Consult a family law attorney to figure out how to best argue for the termination of parental rights.  Many people want to terminate parental rights simply because they do not want to financially support the child. This is very rarely considered solid grounds to terminate parental rights. Do not file a petition under this grounds, as it will likely be denied.  You also cannot terminate rights simply because you're life is difficult and you do not have time for a child. Remember, the court's ultimate goal is to act in the child's best interest. Most judges will think, unless it's absolutely not possible, you should strive to incorporate your child into your life despite difficulty.  A family law attorney can talk to you about your reasons for wanting to terminate your rights. He or she can help you draft a strong statement illustrating why giving up your parental rights is in the child's best interest. This may mean admitting to fault on your part. If you...

Summary in French:

Informez-vous des conséquences de cet acte. Consultez un avocat des affaires familiales. Déposez une requête. Allez devant la cour. Préparez-vous à un possible rejet de la demande.


Article in English: Before you embark on treating your depression, it is crucial that you get a full medical evaluation. In order to discover the best treatment for your depression, you will need to find out if there are any causes of your depression such as medical issues (such as a stroke), medication side effects, or substance use (alcohol or other drugs). This will help you find out the next step for your depression treatment.   Make sure you communicate your depressive symptoms (such as insomnia, lack of appetite, depressed mood, etc.) in detail to your medical doctor. Ask your doctor if your depression could be due to a medical issue. Your doctor may run some laboratory tests to find out. If your doctor thinks your depression might be caused or increased by a medical issue, you may first need to get this treated before attempting to target your depression. Once your medical issue is treated you may find that your depression decreases. If not, you can search for non-medical treatment options such as therapy. Ask your doctor if any medications you are taking could be causing or increasing your depression. If the answer is yes, you can ask your doctor if there are any alternatives to the medication you are currently taking that do not influence depressive symptoms. If you have an issue with substance abuse, such as an addiction to drugs or alcohol, your depression can be negatively affected. Talk to your medical doctor about treatment programs such as rehabilitation or therapy. Understanding therapy may help you decide whether it will be a good treatment option for you. Talk-therapy, or psychotherapy, is typically conducted for one hour once per week (but can typically be adjusted if needed). There are different types of therapists, some have a Master’s degree (MA, MFT, MSW, LCSW), while others have a doctoral degree (PhD or PsyD). When selecting a therapist or psychologist, you will want to keep in mind what type of therapy the person uses (such as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which is explained in method two), what...

Summary in French:

Consultez votre médecin. Renseignez-vous sur les thérapies. Réfléchissez aux médicaments. Trouvez des ressources pour vous aider vous-même.


Article in English: Before you erect your fence, it is important to locate and mark any buried utility lines in your area, so you can avoid them when erecting your fence. This may be done in the United States by calling 1-888-258-0808 or dialing 811. It's a good idea to consult with your neighbor(s) before you begin your project. Make sure you agree on the exact property lines, and ask their permission to work on their property, as it is much easier to erect a fence when you can work on it from both sides. Local zoning laws may require your fence to fit within certain size and placement regulations, so it's important to consult with a local authority before you purchase any materials. This is particularly common if you live in a historic area. An untreated post will only last about 3 to 7 years depending on soil condition and weathering. To extend the posts' lifespan by at least a few years, choose a naturally resistant wood such as cedar, yew, juniper, or oak. For best results (but a higher cost), buy pressure-treated posts that have been injected with water repellent.  You can also buy water repellent stains and apply a few coats to the end of the post. These usually contain copper naphthenate, an irritant, so follow all safety instructions on the label. Wrapping the end of the post tightly with heavy roofing felt or tar paper is better than nothing. You'll need larger posts for the gates and corners, since these bear more weight.

Summary in French:

Repérez et marquez les câbles et les canalisations enterrés. Soyez un bon voisin. Renseignez-vous sur la règlementation locale. Sélectionnez des poteaux imputrescibles.


Article in English: Before you get back into the dating scene, spend some time on self-understanding. Get to know yourself on a deeper level: think about your goals in life and what's important to you. Explore your strengths and weaknesses as a human being. Knowing yourself better will help you define what you're seeking in a relationship.  Falling in love might cause you to forget yourself. Re-discover who you are apart from your friend and learn to love yourself.  Use the old relationship as a guide to figure out what qualities you like about yourself, and where you would like to grow. Getting out and learning something new will give you something else to think about besides your friend. You'll also be able to learn new skills and regain some self-confidence. Join a cooking class, volunteer at a local shelter, buy an instrument to learn, or try out an activity you've always wanted to do.  Pick a hobby that requires a lot of time and concentration. You can then use it to escape your mind for a while and focus on something productive. Now is the time to revisit an activity you used to do but for whatever reason let go. Doing something you love again will help you reconnect with your inner self. Having a crush on your best friend can cause you to neglect other friendships. As you develop meaningful relationships with other friends, you'll gain emotional support outside of your best friend. Invite a friend over to chat, see a movie with them, or even send them a text to let them know you care. Don't distract yourself constantly with friends. Spending time alone is important, too. If you need some space from others for a while, let yourself have that time. Once you're ready to fall in love again, re-enter the dating scene. You don't have to fall into a serious relationship right away: date a few different people for a while and have fun just getting to know them.  Meet new people. Join a club, volunteer somewhere new, chat with a classmate or co-worker, or visit your local bar.  Recognize the qualities that you liked in your friend...

Summary in French:

Passez du temps seul pendant un moment. Trouvez-vous un nouveau passetemps. Passez du temps avec d'autres amis. Sortez avec d'autres personnes lorsque vous êtes prêt. Acceptez qu'il vous faille du temps pour oublier vos sentiments.


Article in English: Before you get on stage, just picture yourself knocking it out of the park. Imagine a standing ovation, picture the smiles on the audience members' faces, and hear the sound of your cast mates or director telling you what an amazing job you did. The more you focus on visualizing the best possible outcome instead of worrying over the worst-case scenario, the more likely it is to happen. Picture yourself being amazing on stage from the audience's point of view.  Start early. Start visualizing success from the second you're cast in the role. Get into the habit of imagining what a great job you'll do. As you get closer to the starting date, you can work harder on visualizing success by picturing what a great job you'll do every night before you go to bed and every morning when you wake up. Do this until you memorize it. Remember the words of the person who speaks before you, so you recognize the cue for you to speak. Practice in front of family, friends, and stuffed animals and even in front of empty chairs, so that you are used to performing in front of people.  Part of the fear of performing comes from thinking that you'll forget your lines and won't know what to do. The best way to prepare against forgetting your lines is to be as familiar with them as possible. Practicing in front of others helps you get used to the fact that you won't be reciting your lines alone. Sure, you may know them perfectly when you're alone in your room, but it'll be a whole new ball game when you're facing an audience. If you really want to overcome stage fright, work on truly inhabiting the actions, thoughts, and worries of your character. The more in tune you are with the character you're portraying, the more likely you'll be to forget your own worries. Imagine that you really are that person instead of a nervous actor trying to portray that person. Gain confidence in yourself by reciting your lines in front of a mirror. You can even tape your own performance to see how amazing you are, and to look out for areas of improvement. If...

Summary in French:

Visualisez votre succès. Pratiquez autant que possible. Mettez-vous dans la peau de votre personnage. Regardez-vous en train de jouer. Apprenez à improviser. Bougez votre corps. Déconnectez votre esprit.


Article in English: Before you go out in them, try walking up stairs, standing around (cooking dinner, playing with kids, etc.), sitting down, and even running. This is the most trusted method for easily and lightly breaking in your new shoes. If you have nice leather or dress shoes — shoes that you would be frustrated to see scuffed, altered, or even discolored — this method is the safest to try. When you try out new shoes before you've bought them, you rarely walk away with sore feet, right? That's because you haven't donned your shoes for long enough to cause any pain (or alter the frame of the shoe to fit your foot). So, when breaking shoes in at home, wear early, wear often, and don't feel like you need to put your shoes on for hours at a time to notice a difference. In fact, start with wearing your shoes 10 minutes at a time in the beginning. Try this for a couple days. Gradually, wear your shoes for 10 minutes more, every couple of days, until you're wearing the shoes for an hour at a time. By this time, the shoes should be tamed! Wear some old shoes to work, but when you're sitting at your desk, bust out your new ones and simply get in the habit of having them on your feet. This is a simple way to break in your new shoes while saving time. This way, you can tell if you need socks when you wear them. This can also prevent blistering when getting used to new shoes. Wear your shoes with socks that are a little bigger than you normally would use. Try thick cotton socks, and squeeze into the shoes. Don't do any heavy walking, or you'll give yourself blisters. Just keep your feet in the shoe. The size of the sock will help stretch out the frame.

Summary in French:

Portez vos chaussures pour marcher chez vous. Au début, portez vos chaussures peu de temps, mais souvent. Apportez vos chaussures au travail. Portez-les avec des chaussettes.


Article in English: Before you go out, stand in front of the mirror and take a wide stance with your hands on your hips. Think Superman or Wonder Woman. Studies show that assuming what's known as a "power stance" can improve your confidence. These changes in posture can give you a mental "boost."  Try the "victory" pose. Put your arms in a "V" over your head.  Stretch out in your seat or cross your legs and put your hands behind your head.  Hold these poses for about 2 minutes before going out to the bars (or doing anything stressful). This isn't to say that you can only attract a guy if you look good. Rather, this is about making yourself feel good. If you feel good, you'll have more confidence. Try dressing in clothes that you want to see yourself in. If you've always wanted to wear a suit, go out in a suit. The point is to wear something you associate with power and confidence. You're not trying to impress every guy at the bar, you're trying to find the guy that impresses you. Focus your attention on looking for the guys you want to approach. Gaining confidence will take time; don't expect it to happen overnight. But, the more you stick with it, the more likely it is that you'll become a confident person. Feeling confident is only part of the battle. You have to act with confidence as well. It's a common opinion that people find confidence attractive.

Summary in French:

Prenez la pose. Faites attention à votre apparence. Évacuez la pression. Entrainez votre assurance en vous.


Article in English: Before you go shifting around your bed or other furniture, make sure you have the go-ahead from parents, partners, roommates, or landlords, to make sure it's ok to move stuff around. This can also be a good opportunity to ask for a helping hand when moving time comes. Don't attempt to move especially large furniture by yourself. If you're going to try to move a big dresser or a bed, you need at least one other person to help you, and preferably more. One easy way to move bulky or cumbersome items easily if they aren't on casters is to put them on sliders or "furniture feet," which allow you to slide the furniture along the ground more easily, without worrying about tipping. These are available at most housewares and home repair stores.  You can also make your own sliders from blankets, frisbees, sheets, towels, or old carpet samples. Use hard plastic sliders for carpeted floors, and padded sliders for hard wood. Depending on whether you have hard wood floors or carpeting in your room, sliders can be more or less effective. They're not necessary in every case. Before you start moving anything around, take some time to declutter your space. Get rid of trash and anything that doesn't belong in your room, including drinking glasses and other kitchen stuff, other people's belongings, and towels and other things.  This might take a while, but it's an essential step and you should let it. If you want to spend a few days going through your desk and your bookshelf, tossing out unwanted old papers and materials, this is the perfect opportunity to do so. Be judicious and cut down on your stuff. Tidy up your clothes and separate your clean clothes and dirty clothes. You can evaluate whether or not you need and have space for additional organizational space later. Try to keep only the minimum of things you'll actually need to use regularly, to keep out in your room. Everything else, either get rid of if you have no sentimental attachment to it, or place the objects into storage and keep it out of sight. A newly rearranged...

Summary in French:

Demandez la permission. Procurez-vous des patins glissants pour les meubles imposants. Débarrassez-vous des objets inutiles pour libérer de l'espace. Commencez par un grand ménage de printemps. Visualisez votre nouvel espace.


Article in English: Before you handle food, you should always wash your hands with antibacterial soap and water for 20 seconds. Dry your hands well with a clean, dry towel. If you handle raw meat, wash your hands after handling the meat to avoid cross contamination of other foods or surfaces. Wash raw fruits and vegetables before you eat them. Even organic foods need to be washed.Use an antibacterial cleaner on surfaces that come into contact with raw food to kill potentially hazardous bacteria. Use a different cutting board for each type of food. Use different cutting boards for fruits and veggies and raw meats to avoid cross-contamination. Follow the directions when you prepare raw foods to make sure that you cook them properly. Use a meat thermometer to make sure that you cook meat to the right temperature.

Summary in French:

Gardez vos mains propres. Rincez aussi vos aliments. Préparez bien vos aliments.


Article in English: Before you invest a lot of time and effort in training your dog, you will want to make certain your dog will be allowed to take part in dog shows.  Only purebred dogs over six months old that are not spayed or neutered may take part in American Kennel Club (AKC) shows. That's because the purpose of these events is to judge whether your dog is good breeding stock.  Your dog must also be  registered as a purebred with the appropriate breed club and conform to all breed guidelines. If you got your dog from a breeder, they probably gave you the certification paperwork showing your dog is registered. If not, you'll need to contact the appropriate breed club. The AKC has an online directory you can use to contact the club.  If your dog is spayed or neutered, there are other events you can take part in. The United Kennel Club (UKC) has an "altered" class that allows these dogs to compete.  If your dog is not a purebred, it can compete in shows organized by mixed breed dog clubs. The next step is to attend some dog shows to get a better sense of what it's all about.  This will help you get a better sense of what judges are looking for, and what you can expect when you enter your dog.  This is also a great way to get more information about the show process and preparing your dog. Visit the club table or tent to pick up information on entering your dog and training classes offered by the club. When your dog walks out into the ring, you'll need to have it on the right kind of leash or "lead." The sooner you get one of these, the sooner your dog can get comfortable with being on it. Go online or ask at your local pet store for one of these:  For small dogs, you can use a Resco “all in one” style collar with lead. The Resco is a loop with a slider to keep it snug on the dog’s neck.   For a medium sized dog, you can use a martingale lead. These leads close up enough to keep your dog's head from slipping out, but don't tighten around a dog's neck like a choke-chain. They also help to train your dog to keep its head held up...

Summary in French:

Assurez-vous que votre chien soit qualifié pour participer à un concours. Rendez-vous à quelques concours canins. Procurez-vous la laisse adéquate. Inscrivez votre chien à un cours qui lui apprend à parader sur une piste de concours.


Article in English: Before you make a trip all the way to Cape Cod or Australia, make sure the beaches you hope to visit are open and shark-free. Typically, areas that experience a rise in shark sightings or attacks will close beaches nearby. If beaches are closed, avoid them. Check in with the board of tourism in the state with the beaches you hope to visit to find out about shark incidents and beach closings. Sharks are crepuscular hunters, which means that they get hungry at dawn and at dusk. If you're in the water just as the sun comes up, or right as it goes down, that's shark time. It's best to avoid waters that you suspect might be busy with hungry sharks early in the morning and just before dark. When you're out swimming, keep yourself focused on the shark at all times, whether you're just paddling around or underwater scuba diving. Stay calm and focused, and avoid making sudden jerks or movements, which will attract the shark in to your struggle.  If you're between the shark and open water, clear a space by moving out of the way. Most sharks don't want anything to do with you. Your best option, when you spot a shark, is to slowly start making your way toward the boat or the shore, whichever is closer. Make long, smooth strokes and keep your eyes on the shark. If you can, look for some cover. Backing up against a rock ledge, coral reef, or some other outcropping with take away certain angles of attack. Keep yourself in a defensive position. A good quality stainless steel knife comes in handy if you're facing the prospect of a shark attack, but most of us don't carry around Bowie knives on our wetsuits. If not, you'll have to improvise. You can attempt to gouge out the shark's eyes, or punch it in the nose repeatedly. Something heavy can also help you stun the shark, if you use it in the right spots. Good improvised weapons might include:  A shoe A rock Cameras Goggles or masks Other scuba gear Though they make look scary, sharks have just as many vulnerabilities as any human. A properly timed and placed hit with the...

Summary in French:

Faites attention aux fermetures de plages. Restez hors de l'eau aux heures de chasse. Si vous apercevez un requin, ne le quittez plus des yeux. Trouvez une arme. Frappez le requin là où ça fait mal. Sortez de l'eau et cherchez de l'aide médicale.


Article in English: Before you make any significant changes to your diet, even if you think your changes will be healthy, you should consult with your physician or a registered dietitian.  Many health conditions and prescription medications must be taken into account when planning a diet plan, so consulting with a professional will keep you safe and healthy. A registered dietitian is an expert who has completed education, training, and supervision in the field of nutrition. Dietitians can help you determine a healthy diet and fitness plan that will account for any health conditions you have and medications or supplements you take. Implementing changes to what you're eating on a daily basis in a gradual fashion will help your body adjust appropriately. Sometimes altering your diet can cause unpleasant symptoms as your body adjusts to the new foods and eliminates the remnants of the old foods. Making gradual changes will also ease any cravings you may feel for what you used to eat, such as sugary treats or salty snacks. Folate is a water-soluble B vitamin; folic acid and food folate are both sources of folate. Folate deficiency can cause your bone marrow to have difficulty making enough platelets.  The recommended daily intake of folate varies, but adults should usually have between 400mcg and 600mcg a day. A full list of recommended daily allowances by age can be found at the National Institutes of Health website here.  Beef liver, leafy and dark green vegetables, legumes, fortified cereals, and nuts are good sources of folate. If you don't consume enough vitamin B12, your bone marrow may have difficulty making enough platelets. Vitamin B12 is also essential to red blood cell formation.  The recommended daily intake of B12 varies, but adults should usually have between 2.4mcg and 2.8mcg daily. A full list of recommended daily allowances by age can be found at the National Institutes of Health website here. B12 is commonly found in animal products, so vegetarians and vegans may need a supplement. Good dietary sources of B12...

Summary in French:

Consultez un médecin ou un diététiste professionnel. Opérez des changements dans votre alimentation de façon progressive. Consommez des aliments contenant du folate (vitamine B9). Mangez des aliments qui contiennent de la vitamine B12. Consommez des probiotiques. Optez pour une alimentation équilibrée et composée d’aliments frais. Évitez au maximum les aliments transformés et sucrés.


Article in English: Before you make your DVD cover know what kind of movie you’re making. Is it a collection of home movies? A vacation video? Or maybe it’s a short film you made for school or fun. Try to make the title interesting and appealing, rather than just descriptive.  Instead of just titling it “Family Vacation” you can come up with a creative title to make your DVD cover look more appealing. Say where you went on vacation, or use what you did as part of the title. For example, if it is a class project for history, call it something like "A Step Back In Time" rather than "History Class Project". Look at any movie, and you’ll see that there’s a central image or theme on the cover, usually including some of the people in the movie.  You can always use a still image from some of the video you shot, or a picture you took. Alternatively, you can find a photo online that you like and think will work well. But you should be careful if you’re distributing your DVD to others as you have to obey copyright law for photos.  You can find free to use, Creative Commons photos by searching the Creative Commons website or through the Creative Commons section on Flicker. Keeping your text in one or two fonts will ensure that you have a clean cover and make it easy to read.  If you want your DVD cover to have a modern look you can use a font like Helvetica, Folio, or Standard CT.  Maybe you went on a trip to Asia and want a font that embodies your trip. You can use something like Papyrus, or Bonzai. Or maybe you want a fun, funky font, try something like Distillery, or True North. Do you have a favorite movie or movie poster? Take a look at DVDs and take note of you do and don’t like. Maybe you like a DVD cover with a collage of images or one with a funky font on it. Taking inspiration from what you like is a great way to envision what your own DVD cover will look like.

Summary in French:

Déterminez le type de film. Choisissez un nom pour le film. Trouvez une image. Choisissez une ou deux polices que vous aimez. Inspirez-vous de vos DVD préférés.


Article in English: Before you met him, you might have enjoyed scuba diving, reading or dancing.  Now that you’re together, do you do those things less often?  Remember that your interests are a part of what makes you you! Explore these hobbies away from your partner. Perhaps you've been wanting to try a new hobby like yoga, but your boyfriend isn’t feeling it.  Do it without him! If you live with your boyfriend or spend most days together, you might rarely get a moment alone.  Spend some time each day doing something apart from him that’s just for you. Take a walk, soak in a hot bath, or go for a run.  Encourage him to take timeouts, too!  You can say, “Hey babe, you’ve had a long day.  Want me to run a bath for you?” You may also consider taking a day each week to spend time on your own or with your friends. every day.  When you meditate, you spend time alone focusing only on your breaths and your body.  It’s a great way to let go of the stress of the day and recenter yourself. If you find yourself thinking of your boyfriend constantly, this can be a great way to silence those thoughts for a bit. If you’re unfamiliar with meditation, try an app like Headspace or Calm. You don’t have to spend every waking moment with your man!  Every so often, make plans without him.  Your girlfriends want to go on a trip this summer?  Plan it!  Been meaning to visit your grandma for a while?  Go see her! Though it’s nice to incorporate your boyfriend into some of your plans, remember that he doesn’t have to be a part of all of them. If you spend all day texting or calling your guy, what will you two have to talk about when you get home?  Instead of focusing on him when you’re apart, focus on what is in front of you, instead. Pay attention in class, take notes in meetings, and give your life outside the relationship your full attention. If you don’t want to turn your phone off, try to only check it every thirty minutes or so.  Plan to check in with your man once or twice a day while you’re away.

Summary in French:

Faites des activités sans lui. Ayez du temps pour vous tous les jours. Méditez Faites des projets sans lui. Éteignez parfois votre téléphone.


Article in English: Before you plant your seeds, sprinkle or spray them with a healthy mixture of bacteria, also called an inoculant, purchased from your garden store. A general use inoculant labeled for peas and beans will work just fine. This pretreatment helps your lentils to sprout additional nodules, or extensions, in their roots. This will make them more resistant to weather changes and will produce a better harvest. If your soil is moist and in good condition, plant the seeds at a depth of 1 inch (2.5 cm). If your soil is drier on top, then go to a maximum depth of 2.5 inches (6.4 cm). Don’t exceed this as the seeds will not be able to sprout if they are buried too deep. In a container, try to spread your seeds out at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) apart. If you are planting in rows follow this same guideline and keep the rows 6 inches (15 cm) apart as well. With this planting sequence it is possible to yield around 1 pound (0.45 kg) of dry lentils per each 100 square feet (9 square meters).

Summary in French:

Traitez-les avec un inoculum. Plantez les graines sur 2 cm de profondeur. Organisez les plantations.


Article in English: Before you sit down to paint, make sure that you have all the materials necessary to successfully complete a gouache painting. Buy tubes of gouache paint, making sure to purchase at least the basic colors: red, blue, yellow, white and black, as well as any other colors you may want. Purchase a palette that has small, indented compartments for colors, as opposed to a flat palette. Buy brushes of varying sizes, as well as watercolor paper or a canvas or board on which to paint.  Make sure to purchase a white pastel at an art supply store. You can paint with gouache on a variety of different surfaces. Many artists use watercolor paper because it is inexpensive and portable. You can also use illustration board or watermedia canvas, which is an especially absorbent canvas designed for gouaches and watercolors. After you purchase all your materials, it's a good idea to set up your space for painting. Start by spreading newspaper over a table so that you won't stain the surface. Fill up a cup with water and place it at the workspace.  Keep a spray bottle of water and a roll of paper towels at your workstation. Use a disposable cup or a cup that you don't drink out of for holding your water. You will be cleaning your brushes in the cup so you don't want to use one that you drink from. Squeeze out a small amount of each gouache color into the indented compartments of your palette. If you know that you aren't going to use certain colors, you don't need to add them to the palette. Before you embark on your painting, it's a good idea to get used to working with gouache. Dip a brush into a color and draw a line on a piece of scrap watercolor paper. Dip your brush briefly into the water, then draw another line. Notice how the opacity of the color is affected by adding water.  Keep experimenting with adding water to the paint. Make washes of colors by squeezing color into a compartment of your palette, then dipping the brush into water and swirling the brush around in the color, releasing the water and mixing it with the...

Summary in French:

Achetez le matériel. Préparez votre espace de travail. Mettez de la peinture sur la palette. Ajoutez de l'eau.


Article in English: Before you sit down to write an email to the customer service department of any company, you should make sure that the answer to your question isn’t already on their website. Many companies have answers to common questions on various pages of their website, usually FAQs and support pages. You can usually find access to these sections of a company website by scrolling all the way to the bottom of any page and clicking a link that says “Contact Us” or “Help” or “Customer Service.” If you don’t see a link for customer service at the bottom of their website, you may be able to use the search box. There is often either a field you can type into or the icon of a magnifying glass in the upper right hand corner of a company’s homepage. Type in search terms like “customer service” or “contact” and hit enter. Often the “Contact Us” page is where companies will provide an email field for customers to submit their comments or complaints. Check this page to make sure that you will be emailed a copy; if not, search the website for an email address to use in your personal email account so that you can keep a record of your correspondence. Search for the item you have a question about in the same search bar that you used to find the customer service email address. Searching for your issue or question this way can reveal the answer without having to send an email at all.  This is essential to appearing intelligent and garnering respect when you do send an email. If you write about something that already appears on the website, the customer service team may see you as a demanding and lazy customer, and therefore not profitable. Check the FAQs as well. Many times the answer to your question has already been asked and published in the form of a Frequently Asked Question. That’s why many websites have such a page: to keep customer service emails to a minimum. If you don’t find an answer to your question in the search bar or under the FAQs, you may be able to find it in the “About Us” or return policy pages. Again, scroll to the...

Summary in French:

Trouvez une réponse. Trouvez les pages d'aide. Utilisez la barre de recherches. Consultez la politique de la société.


Article in English: Before you spend time with this relative, take a few moments and decide how you want to behave. Perhaps you and this relative have gotten into arguments in the past. Ask yourself what started these arguments and if there are ways to avoid getting into an argument this time. You may be proud to be atheist, but your Aunt may truly believe that being atheist will land you in hell. It may be best to avoid talking about religious beliefs when around your Aunt. Especially if you have strong negative feelings toward someone, don’t react quickly or speak without thinking. Take a breath before you speak. If you’re having a hard time holding back negative comments, gently excuse yourself. Say, “Excuse me. I’m going to go use the bathroom” or “I’m going to see if any help is needed in the kitchen.” If you have a hard time getting along with a relative, let someone in your family know (like a spouse/partner or sibling) that you’d like to minimize your interactions with this person. That way, if you get cornered into a discussion or argument you want to leave, you can signal for a rescue. You can agree on a sign ahead of time if you may need a rescue at a family function. For instance, you can make eye contact and give a hand signal that means, “Please help me escape this situation!” You don’t have to dread going to family functions because of a family member. Put your focus on spending time with the family you enjoy and doing activities you find fun. Even if the family member you hate is in the room, focus on other things. If you find yourself in a conversation with this relative, find a distraction to help you get through the interaction (like playing with the dog). If you fear sitting next to the relative during meals, suggest making name cards and sitting far from this person. One way to deal with a difficult relative is to give this person a job or a task at family gatherings. If a meal is being made, ask the relative to chop onions or set the table, and let him or her do it the way he or she wants. That way, the...

Summary in French:

Réfléchissez à la façon dont vous voulez vous comporter. Attendez avant de parler . Demandez du soutien . Amusez-vous. Occupez le proche qui vous agace. Faites preuve d’humour. Ayez un plan de secours .


Article in English: Before you start asking others about your question, try a Google search to see what kind of results you get. You can even formulate your search in the form of a question, or you can just search for the keywords.  Searching on your own before asking is very important. If the solution to your question is easily searchable, you will receive scorn from the people that you ask the question to. If you want to search a particular site for information, add "site:example.com" to the end of your search phrase. Google will only return results from the site you specify. The internet is a huge place, and chances are you're not the first person to have the problem that you're experiencing. Take some time and hunt down potential answers that already exist. This can save you a lot of time and headaches down the road. Many products and services have FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) lists on their web pages. These can provide quick answers for common questions about that product. Try to find the FAQ for the topic that concerns you, if one exists. If you've found some resources that help but don't completely solve your problem, make note of them. You can use these when you formulate your question to show others that you have already done your own research and to help them narrow down their responses.

Summary in French:

Faites une recherche sur le web pour votre question. Dites-vous que la question a déjà été posée. Vérifiez les FAQ. Notez des réponses partielles.


Article in English: Before you start doing wall push ups, you should make sure the wall you've chosen can accommodate push ups. An ideal spot should be away from any corners so that you have a long, straight wall. Additionally, the wall you choose should be free from any objects or obstacles.  Make sure there is nothing hanging on the wall where you decide to do push ups. This includes picture frames, decorations, etc. Choose a blank part of the wall that is also far from any potential hazards, like windows or kitchen "pass through" window holes (for a breakfast bar).

Summary in French:


Article in English: Before you start drilling, take a look at your wall and determine what it’s made of. If your wall is smooth and sounds hollow when you knock on it, it’s likely a form of drywall, such as sheetrock or plasterboard. For drilling a simple hole into this type of wall, a drywall bit is your best bet.  You can purchase drywall bits and other types of drill bits at most hardware or home improvement stores. If you’re planning to hang something (such as a picture) on a hollow section of drywall, you might choose to drive in a drywall anchor using a power screwdriver for greater security.  If you’ll be drilling into a stud behind the drywall, opt for a wood drill bit. If your wall is made of a hard material, such as brick, block, concrete, or stone, choose a masonry bit. These bits are composed of soft steel with a tip made of tungsten carbide, which allows them to cut easily through hard walls.  You will probably need to use a drill with hammer action to drive the bit into your wall. If you’re drilling into a wall with wood paneling, opt for a spur point bit. These are also known as wood bits. They are designed with a sharp point at the tip to help keep the bit on track as it enters the wood. Spur point or wood bits are also useful for drilling into studs behind hollow walls. If you’re drilling into a brittle material such as tile, ceramic, or glass, you’ll need a specialized bit to pierce the material and prevent the wall from shattering. These drill bits have spear-like carbide tips and straight shanks that allow them to cut smoothly through these hard-to-drill materials. You may also be able to use a carbide-tipped masonry bit for some types of tile wall.

Summary in French:

Utilisez un foret pour cloison sèche si le mur est en gypse. Procurez-vous une mèche de maçonnerie. Utilisez une mèche à bois pour les murs du même matériau. Choisissez une mèche pour carrelage.


Article in English: Before you start making your fake braces, you'll need to gather some materials. To make fake braces, you'll need the following:  A bobby pin A small rubber band Butterfly earring backs A pair of pliers Scissors Silly bands in multiple colors, if you want colored braces A hot glue gun To start, unbend your bobby pin. Fold it outward, forming a 90 degree angle. Bobby pins are not very strong, so you should be able to do this with your fingers. You want your bobby pin as straight as possible. This will help your fake braces look realistic. Use your pliers to form a straight line with your bobby pin. Then, use the pliers to smooth out any waves or wiggles in the pin.  Have patience. This can take quite awhile depending on how uneven your bobby pin is. The straighter you make your bobby pin, the more realistic your fake braces will look when you put them in your mouth. Once the bobby pin has formed a straight line, wash the pin with antibacterial soap in warm water. As you'll be putting the bobby pin in your mouth, you want it to be clean. Pliers can be very dirty. Then, set the bobby pin aside until it's dry to the touch. Bobby pins are not very big, so this should not take too long. From here, use your fingers to bend the bobby pin into a U-shape that fits in your mouth. It can help to place the bobby pin in your mouth and shape it around the curve of your top teeth. Make sure the curve is smooth, as this will help the braces look more realistic. Now you will need to add the earring backs to the bobby pin. Place about four earring backs along the bobby pin, so the flat backs of the earring backs are facing your teeth. You want to place the earring backs so each back fits over the front of one of your teeth. You may have to put the bobby pin in your mouth on occasion to gauge where to place the earring backs. This can take a long time, as earring backs may slip off easily. Be patient. Snap on the earring back at equal distances.  Butterfly earring backs have two small loops on the front. The idea is to push the...

Summary in French:

Procurez-vous le matériel. Ouvrez l'épingle à cheveux à 90 degrés. Tendez-la avec une pince. Lavez et séchez l'épingle. Pliez-la en forme d'U. Installez les embouts de boucles d'oreille. Utilisez de la colle chaude pour les faire tenir. Passez des élastiques dans les boucles. Enroulez les élastiques autour des bagues. Mettez-les en place.


Article in English: Before you start painting, you will need to cover your floor with a painter's canvas. Move and/or cover any furniture or other valuables in the room using painter's plastic. You can move your furniture to the center of the room and place a tarp or canvas cloth under the wall that you will be painting. Place your painting materials on the tarp and keep them there at all times. Do not put brushes, paint buckets, or paint trays on your bare floors or on other bare surfaces. Before you use your primer or paint, take a moment to mix them well with a mixing stick. This will help to ensure that the pigments in the primer and paint are evenly distributed. Never shake your paint cans. This can cause dry paint chips from the lid to mix into the paint. Always stir it with a mixing stick. . A smooth even surface will make it easier to achieve professional quality results, so take the time to check your wall for imperfections and fix them up before you get started. For example, you can.   Patch cracks or holes using patching compound for plaster walls and joint compound for drywall surfaces. Spackle works well for both. Apply the compound with a putty knife and allow it to dry according to the manufacturer's instructions. Sand patched and/or rough surfaces smooth using 220-grit sandpaper. Vacuum or wipe away dust when you are done.

Summary in French:

Protégez les autres surfaces. Mélangez la peinture ou l'apprêt. Préparez les murs.


Article in English: Before you start practicing singing, have the children take a deep breath and then yawn. This will open the throat to prevent strain when singing. Children need to learn how to breathe properly when singing. Do some breathing exercises so they can understand how to regulate breath while they sing.  Have the kids breathe in through their noses and out through their mouths. Encourage the kids to direct air into their stomachs and diaphragms instead of their chests. Have them place their hands on their stomachs and tell them to direct air so their stomachs rise. Have the kids count when they breathe. Have them inhale for 4 counts and then exhale for 4 counts. Have the child sing something like "la" or "ah" and figure out what their natural pitch is. Use a pitch gauge to measure their pitch. You can also play a few notes on a piano or other instrument to find a note near the child's range. Once each child has their starting point, you can use this as a basis to explore common beginning scales. Walk them through a basic A/B/C scale, using a recording of scales to help. Start near the child's natural range and have them move up and down the scale as needed. Don't worry if the child does not hit notes perfectly right away. The point is to get a rough feel of their pitch. You can work on accuracy later. Children respond to visual cues. Raise your hand up and down to instruct a child to raise and lower their pitch. You can also try using body parts to teach the do-re-mi scale. For example, place your hands on your knees for "do," move your hands to your thighs for "re" and so on.

Summary in French:

Bâillez. Faites des exercices respiratoires. Cherchez une note facile. Chantez des gammes. Servez-vous d’aides visuelles.