The most recent set of MLA guidelines relies on a set of principles that will allow you to cite any type of source, rather than a set of separate rules for different media (book, website, film, interview, podcast, etc.). You will list the details, with a period between each. Include any information you can find on the work’s:  Author(s) Title Version Number Publisher Publication date Location (where you found the source) List the author (if known) starting with the last name. Follow with the full title of the source. If there is no author, just begin with the title. For instance: Francis, John. Planetwalker.  Generally, the titles of things like songs, poems, and articles are given in quotation marks. Books, films, television series and other large works are italicized. If a work has multiple authors, list them in the same order they are given in the source. Put only the first author in last name, first name order. ” Some sources are contained within other other works. This applies to both traditional and new media, so for simplicity the MLA now refers to the works sources are nested in as “containers.” If your source has a container, list it after the title. Examples of containers include:  An article in a journal title (follow the article title in quotation marks with the journal title in italics: Jacobus, Francis. "Early American Pottery Designs." American Historical Review.) A website hosting an article (follow the article title in quotation marks with the brief web address in italics: Miller, Frank. "Gotham City at Night." CNN.com.) A poem in a poetry collection (list the title of the collection in italics after the title of the poem in quotation marks: Yeats, William Butler. "Sailing to Byzantium." Twentieth Century Poetry.) A television series (list the television series in italics after the episode title in quotation marks: "Hush." Buffy the Vampire Slayer.) Some works may have contributors other than the primary author. For instance, a book may have a translator, editor or illustrator. If this...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Reúne la información que identifique a cada fuente. Primero coloca el autor y el título de la fuente. Indica si la fuente está ubicada en una “fuente contenedora”. Enumera otros colaboradores, si aplica. Proporciona la edición, la versión, el volumen y la información en número, si hubiera. Identifica la editorial y la fecha. Menciona la ubicación de la información. Indica si la fuente tiene una segunda fuente contenedora. Dale formato a la página de obras citadas.


The most sensible thing to do is to register your corporation in the state where you conduct most of your business.  By doing this, you save yourself from having to set up a new physical location. You can continue to do business in your state and you will not have to worry about making major changes. If you are thinking about setting up your business somewhere other than your home state, then you might want to consider how setting up in your home state might benefit it. Not only would you be stimulating the economy, you might also have an impact on the people in your community. For example, corporations are often more attractive to employees because of their ability to offer competitive wages and health insurance. Therefore, incorporating in your home state could provide jobs for many people in your community. In some cases there may be a significant financial advantage to setting up shop in another state. To determine if this is the case for your business, calculate your projected revenue for the year and consider how much money you would save if you were to incorporate in another state versus your home state. For example, if you anticipate a revenue of $150,000, but your state will collect 11% of that, then you would end up paying $16,500 in taxes. Therefore, you might be tempted to incorporate in a state that would only charge 4% on your revenue because that would only cost you $6,000 in taxes. If you choose to incorporate in a different state, then you will have to establish a physical presence in that state. Otherwise, you will still be subject to the laws and taxes of your home state. For example, many businesses are attracted to Delaware because of the low cost of doing business there. However, unless your business has a physical location in Delaware, you cannot reap the benefits of its corporation laws and low filing fees. You may decide at a later date that you want to incorporate somewhere else because you are doing more business there. If your business expands and you find that you are doing more...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Piensa acerca del lugar donde haces la mayor parte del negocio. Considera el posible impacto en tu comunidad. Sopesa tus ingresos proyectados contra los incentivos fiscales. Ten en cuenta la presencia física que se requiere. Constituye tu negocio como una corporación extranjera si es necesario.


The most simple version of this problem will be in the form of ma ÷ mb. In this case, you're working with the problem m8 ÷ m2. Write it down. The second exponent is 2 and the first is 8. So, you can rewrite the problem as m8-2. Since 8 - 2 = 6, your final answer is m6. It's that simple. If you're not working with a variable and have an actual number in the base, such as 2, then you would have to do the math (26 = 64) to finish solving the problem.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Anota el problema. Resta el segundo exponente del primero. Escribe tu respuesta final.


The most traditional of all cuddling positions, spooning is popular for a reason: it’s great! Spooning consists of a “big” and “little” spoon, where both partners lay on their sides tucked into each other. The big spoon is the one in the back, and often drapes their arm over the torso of the little spoon.  Be aware of your heads. Because your heads are nearly even with each other, it is best to stagger them a bit. The big spoon can rest their head on the shoulder of the little spoon, or prop it up on an arm. Keep heat in mind. Spooning is one of the greatest heat-generating cuddling positions, because there is so much physical contact. The big spoon may have to hold off wrapping their arm around the little spoon or move their legs back a bit to avoid creating a sweat pool. Nearly as classic as a complete spoon, the half-spoon is accomplished with one person laying on their back and the other facing them, laying on their side. The person on their side will likely rest their head on the other’s chest. Intertwine your legs for an even more intimate cuddling session. Best for cuddling in tight spaces, layer your cuddling by having the larger person lay face up. The second person can then rest face-down directly over the bottom half. To avoid suffocation of the lower stack, the top person should stagger their body slightly downwards, so that they can turn their head to the side and rest it on the bottom half’s chest. One of the most romantic cuddling positions is when you lie towards each other face-to-face. You may lie on your stomachs and turn your heads to the side, or lay on your sides - whatever works best. Increase the romantic feelings swirling around the room by holding hands in the space between your bodies. You know, you and your partner are out camping or watching a meteor shower, and therefore want to cuddle but both need to see the sky. Lay on your backs next to each other and wrap your legs together. If you don’t mind a dead arm, one of you can slip their arm under the neck of the other person in a...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Haz la clásica, la cucharita. Prueba la media cuchara. Pónganse el uno sobre el otro. Pónganse cara a cara. Prueba el mirador de estrellas. Pon tu cabeza en su regazo.


The most valuable thing you can offer your parents is your time, and they will really appreciate your doing so. Sitting down with your parents and asking them about their lives shows you care and take an interest in them. You may even learn something about them you never knew before.  Begin the conversation by saying, “What was it like for you growing up?” Or you could say, “I think it’s really cool you went backpacking across Europe. What was that like?” It’s sometimes difficult for a child to remember that their parents have lives, too. What’s more, it can be hard to believe that their lives didn’t always revolve around you and your siblings. A great way to bond with your parents and demonstrate affection is by doing something they are interested in. If your parents have interests or hobbies, participate with them. Activities are much more enjoyable when you have someone doing them with you, especially when it is your child. They will appreciate you showing interest in what they like and the time you’ve taken to engage with them.  For instance, if they enjoy sports, strike up a game with them. If they attend a book club, ask if you can join. Spending time with them while they are doing something they love will create happy memories for all involved. There’s a good chance your parents have been cooking for you your entire life. Now is the chance to turn the tables. Give them the night off and cook a meal from the heart—even if it’s macaroni and cheese! Don’t worry if your meal isn’t perfect. Your parents won’t mind if your cuisine isn’t five-star. They will only appreciate the time and effort you put into meal. If your parents attend religious services, one of the most thoughtful ways to show you love them is to attend services together. There’s something special about sharing your faith and worshipping with others, especially parents and your children. This heartfelt gesture will surely be something they remember for a long time.  Make it a weekly thing, if possible, to attend devotional or other spiritual...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Pregúntales sobres sus experiencias de vida. Únete a uno de sus pasatiempos. Prepárales una comida. Acompáñalos a las ceremonias si son religiosos. Comparte tu vida con ellos.


The most widely cited version runs: All Boys Should Come Home Please. If you remember this, you can remember: Aragon Boleyn Seymour Cleves Howard Parr. This version runs: A Big Secret Concealing Her Past. It is easy to remember because of all the drama connected with the lives – and deaths – of Henry’s wives. Think about Anne Boleyn scheming to rise the ranks in the palace and get close to the king. Or imagine Catherine Howard, cousin to the dead Anne, carrying on her affair behind the king’s back. This is a rarer mnemonic but a good one: Arrogant Anne Seemed More Clever at How to Catch the Ring. Arrogant sounds like Aragon; Anne is Anne Boleyn; Seemed More sounds like Seymour; Clever is like Cleves; How to sounds like Howard; and Catch is like Katherine Parr. It has the benefit, too, of being historically accurate. Anne Boleyn was certainly arrogant and interested in catching the wedding ring.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Recuerda los nombres de las reinas con ayuda de las últimas iniciales. Acuérdate de las iniciales relacionándolas con la historia. Usa una frase que suene como los nombres de las reinas.


The mouse won't connect to the screen and it will drive them crazy trying to get their mouse to work. If you're feeling extra hilarious, put a funny picture on the underside of the mouse so they know who's responsible. The toilet tank has the water the replenishes the water supply in the toilet bowl when you flush. Every time someone flushes the toilet it will make it look as if the toilet is broken. Cut through the bottoms of all the cereal boxes in your house and leave them upright in the cupboard for a hungry, unsuspecting victim to grab. When a friend or family member has their hands full, tell them you want to try an experiment. Get them to put their hand through a door and hold onto an egg. Then walk away, leaving them still standing, unable to leave without dropping the egg. Remove the deodorant stick from the container and replace it with a stick of cream cheese. You'll need to shape the cream cheese across the top of the deodorant container.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Pega un trozo de cinta adhesiva en el ratón de la computadora de un colega. Pon colorante alimentario amarillo en el tanque del inodoro. Haz una caja sin fondo. Haz que alguien se atore en la puerta con un huevo en la mano. Llena un envase de desodorante con queso crema.


The movie he suggests you watch can be a big indicator if he wants to kiss you during the movie. A movie that he is very excited to watch might mean he wants to focus more on the movie than on kissing you. If he chooses a movie he does not seem excited about, he might have chosen it so he can kiss you during the movie.  If he has seen the movie before, he might want to kiss you more than pay attention to the movie. He might be hoping the movie sparks your interest in kissing him if he chooses a romantic movie.  Keep in mind that the movie he chooses might not necessarily be an indicator if he wants to kiss you or not. If he suggests somewhere to sit, it might be an indicator of whether he wants to kiss you or not. Kissing might not be the first thing on his mind if he wants to sit right in the front or next to a group of people. He might be thinking about kissing you if he suggests you sit in the back or in an isolated corner. If you are hoping to kiss him, you can suggest sitting in the back if he doesn’t: “There are a lot of empty seats in the back. Let’s sit over there!” If he does not get food, he might be worried about it getting in the way of kissing you or making his breath smell bad. However, sharing food can spark physical contact and break barriers.  Eating together can also make you become more comfortable around each other and make you both less nervous. Sharing food might lead to accidentally touching hands when reaching for the popcorn or breaking germ barriers when sharing a soda. A guy might be interested in kissing you if he is being playful with you and giving you compliments. He will probably talk to you before the movie starts and might try to initiate conversation and flirty commentary during the movie too.  Whispering and getting close to your ear when he talks is a sign he might want to kiss.  He might say something complimentary: “You look very pretty in your dress!” He might make funny comments about the previews or the movie to make you laugh: “Wow! That horror movie looks like a...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Observa qué película quiere ver. Nota dónde quiere sentarse. Date cuenta si compra comida para compartir. Observa cómo habla contigo antes de la película.


The mushrooms should only take 1 to 2 weeks to fully grow, but they will develop a wavy edge around their cap when they are starting to go past their prime. They can still be eaten, but for best results, pick full-sized mushrooms just as they finish growing. Pin mushrooms are part of the first flush of growth and will become full size within 3 to 4 days. Avoid pulling the mushroom straight off since this could damage the mycelia underneath. A gentle twist and pull should be all it takes to remove the mushrooms. As an alternative, you can cut the base of the mushrooms with a pair of sanitized scissors. After 10 to 15 days, you may see another growth of mushrooms if you keep the bag moist and in a light place. They will tend to be just as large, if not larger, than the first mushrooms you collected. Mushrooms can return for multiple flushes every 2 or 3 weeks, but they will grow smaller each time. Unlike with other mushroom varieties, you can eat the stems of king oyster mushrooms. Leave them on for an easy, delicious meal.   Clean your mushrooms before adding them to any dish. King oyster mushrooms can be eaten raw or cooked.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Recolecta las setas antes de que desarrollen un borde ondulado. Retuerce las setas desde su base. Rocía la bolsa con agua dos veces al día para conseguir más tandas de tetas. Deja los tallos de las setas, si quieres.


The name and address of the person or entity that the letter is intended for should go front and center. Putting these important pieces of information in plain sight will make the letter easier to sort and deliver. If the delivery address is unclear or incorrectly placed, it’s possible that the letter could be mishandled. In most cases, this will be enough to get the letter into the right hands. You can also include the person’s middle initial, if you happen to know it. If there’s any confusion about who the letter is intended for, it’s a good idea to use their full name.  A letter addressed to “John Alexander Smith” is less likely to be intercepted by the wrong person than one addressed to just “John Smith.” To be as specific as possible, identify the recipient by a formal title, such as “Mrs.”, “Dr.”, or “Jr.”, where needed. If you’re writing to a representative of a group, the name of this group should come directly after the individual’s name. For example, the first 2 lines of the delivery address of a letter being sent to a business should look something like—“John A. Smith/ACME Innovations Inc.” There’s no need to include any additional identifying information, such as the person’s official title or job description. Post office box addresses always begin with the words “PO Box” followed by the individual box number, usually a 2-5 digit number. The US Postal Service requests that senders leave out all punctuation when filling in PO Box addresses. For instance, write “PO Box,” not “P.O. Box.”  Many businesses (and some individuals) receive their mail at post office boxes rather than traditional street addresses, which means you’ll only ever address your mail to 1 or the other, never both.  PO Boxes work a little differently in every country. As a result, you might not have the same number of shipping options available to you when sending a letter or package internationally. Finally, specify the general area where the letter will be delivered. Separate the city and state or province with a comma, and leave...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Escribe la dirección de envío en el centro del sobre. Escribe el nombre y el apellido del destinatario en la primera línea. Anota la empresa u organización. Facilita el número del apartado de correos. Añade la ciudad, el estado y el código postal en la última línea.


The name of the game for a wholesale dealer is buying large quantities of goods for a relatively low per unit cost, and then selling them on in smaller quantities at a mark-up price. For this to be successful you need to buy things that will retain their value and enable you to sell them on for a profit. Do some thorough market research to see which types of goods are suitable for your business.  If you have specialist knowledge in a particular area, then use this to your advantage. If you have experience of working in a particular industry this could be a significant advantage.  A large part of what makes a good wholesaler is good salesmanship. If you believe in the products you are selling you are more likely to be a convincing seller. There are a number of different types of wholesale business, so before you get too far down the road you need to be clear about the nature of the business you want to run. The most common type is just known as "General Wholesaler." A company that sells large quantities of goods from one or more suppliers, and sells them on in smaller amounts at higher per unit costs will typically be in this category. Other types of wholesale business include:  Speciality wholesalers may have numerous suppliers and buyers, but will specialise in a particular industry or product line. Specific product wholesalers only buy and sell one particular product, for example, shoes. Discount wholesalers supply discounted goods, often because they are refurbished, discontinued or returned. Drop ship wholesalers are businesses which buy and sell goods like any other wholesaler, but without actually handling the goods. Instead, they have it dispatched straight from the supplier to the buyer. Online wholesalers are those businesses which are just based online and don't have a physical store. This can be a cheaper way to run the business, but limits the amount of stock you can handle. Once you have conducted market research and are developing a clearer picture of the type of wholesaler business you would...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Decide qué quieres vender. Considera qué tipo de venta al mayoreo dirigirás. Evalúa tus finanzas. Elabora un plan de negocios.


The name of the guitar company that made the guitar should be painted or imprinted on the headstock. It may be hard to make out if the guitar's finish is faded, or if the headstock is damaged.  If you only have part of a name, you may want to compare the headstock to pictures of others to see if you can figure out the complete name. The maker's name also may appear elsewhere on the instrument, such as inside the sound hole or on the back of the instrument. Once you know the name of the maker, you can check that guitar company's website to find out how long they've been making guitars. This can give you a very vague idea of how old the guitar is. You may be able to compare the guitar you have to images online of guitars made in certain years by the same maker. This can give you a narrower range of years. Depending on the maker of the guitar, your guitar's individual serial number may give you a better idea how old the guitar is. On an electric guitar, you'll typically find the serial number on the back of the guitar body or headstock. The serial number of an acoustic guitar may be on the back or on the label in the sound hole. The guitar's serial number also may give you a clue to its value. Generally speaking, a lower serial number (for example, "0001") indicates an older guitar that will be worth more than one with a higher serial number (for example, "0987"). The lowest serial number, indicating the first guitar of that model produced, typically commands the highest price. Most major guitar manufacturers, including Fender, Gibson, and Martin, have tables on their websites that list the serial numbers used for different models and the years they represent. For some manufacturers, serial numbers overlapped in some decades, or were used for more than one type of guitar. If this is the case for your guitar, you'll have to do a little more work to find out exactly how old it is. If you're comfortable taking off the neck of your guitar, you may find a date marker on the inside. However, this can be risky if...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Encuentra el nombre del fabricante en el clavijero. Busca el número de serie. Comprueba el número de serie online. Busca el marcador de la fecha en el mástil. Lleva la guitarra a un lutier o a un vendedor.


The name of your hero is Thrall, and his power lies in totems. Mind you, these totems vary and sometimes that’s a good thing. There’s a 1/1 totem, a 0/2 taunt totem, a 0/2 healer totem, and a 0/2 spell buffer totem. With these, how can you have an empty board?  If you have nothing decent to play, just summon a totem. This still gives you at least board presence. Some of the powerful Shaman minions have overload. Meaning, after activating these cards, some mana crystals will be locked on your next turn, so be aware of this and plan ahead before using that card with overload. Plan ahead by making sure you can still play a card despite the locked mana crystals on your next turn. Due to the nature of the Shaman’s hero ability, it is obvious that its play style will revolve around board dominance. Just keep your side of the board with minions and buff whenever possible.  Winning success of the Shaman relies heavily on what you draw on your first four turns. Hopefully, you have decent summons that could actually stay on the board so you can establish your dominance. Mid-game and endgame are the parts where the Shaman really shines, so make sure you survive the first turns, and you’ll be in good shape.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Conoce a tu héroe. Decide tu estilo de juego.


The natural green copper patina can be mimicked with an ammonia solution, while the slightly darker color of an American penny can be created with baking soda and water. Because the application of these solutions are so similar, they are both described in this section. Wipe the item clean with a dry cloth. Grimy copper items should be washed in warm, soapy water instead, then dried thoroughly. If you are trying to create a green patina, you'll need to use ammonia. Work outside or in an area with a powerful ventilation system or fan. Ammonia fumes can be toxic, so ammonia should never be handled in an enclosed space. Rubber gloves and safety glasses are recommended. If creating a brown patina with baking soda and water, no safety precautions are required. Stir together 2 cups (or 500 mL) white vinegar, 0.5 cups (or 125 mL) non-iodized salt, and 1.5 cups (or 375 mL) clear ammonia. Ammonia can be found at some grocery stores and drug stores, but take care not to purchase the weaker "detergent" variety. The more salt you add, the greener the patina will be. This solution will turn your copper a darker brown, roughly the color of an American penny. Simply shake baking soda in a bottle of hot water one spoonful at a time, until additional baking soda does not dissolve. Use a spray bottle to apply the patina onto the surface of the copper. Spray more heavily if you want a more even result rather than streaks or patterns. This patina may take a few hours to develop, but keeping it in moist air will speed this process up. If the copper is kept in a dry environment, use a plastic bag or plastic sheeting to cover the copper without touching its surface. This will help retain moisture. Depending on the environment the copper is kept in, and how often it is handled, the patina may wear off or fade before it sets permanently. If this occurs, reapply as before, either to the entire surface or to the area wear the patina has rubbed off. The green patina tends to be more powdery and easier to rub off than the brown one.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Mezcla tu propia solución para conseguir colores específicos. Limpia el cobre. Sigue los procedimientos de seguridad si trabajas con amoniaco. Usa amoniaco para una solución de pátina verde. Mezcla la solución de patina marrón en su lugar. Rocía el cobre con la solución. Mantén el cobre en una zona húmeda entre una y ocho horas. Vuelve a aplicar la solución si la pátina pierde color.


The needle needs to be up and out of the way to load the bobbin case, so turn the wheel until it is at its highest position. This should only take about a half a turn. If you already raised the needle to thread the top portion of the machine, leave the needle where it is at. The bobbin case is located directly beneath the needle on your sewing machine. Look for a button or tab on the bobbin case. Press the button or lift the tab to open the case.  The case should be empty, but if there is an empty bobbin inside you can remove it. If you do not have a front loading bobbin machine, there will be a case that you will have to remove and open. There should be arrows around the outside of the case. Use these arrows to determine which way the thread should be going. Then, place the bobbin into the case so that you can move the thread in this direction.  For example, if the arrows indicate that the thread should go along the left side of the bobbin and then up, then place the bobbin into the case with the thread going in this direction. If the machine does not have a front-loading case, you will need to put the bobbin into the open case after you have taken it out of the machine and then close it back up. This will be enough slack for the bobbin thread to catch and connect with the top thread. If there is not enough thread, you won’t be able to make stitches.  You don’t have to measure the thread. You can just estimate 6 inches (15 cm). It’s okay if there is a little more or less thread. For a case that you remove and load outside of the machine, inspect the case for a hole to bring the thread through before you close the case. Pull out 6 inches (15 cm) of thread. Once the thread is through the slot, you can put the lid back onto the bobbin case to secure the bobbin. Press on the lid until it snaps into place. If you had to remove the bobbin case from the machine to load it, close the case and then put the case back into the slot under the needle and close that as well. With the bobbin lid secured, turn the wheel on...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Gira el volante hacia la derecha para colocar la aguja en su posición más alta. Abre la caja de la bobina en la parte inferior de la máquina. Coloca la bobina en la caja utilizando las flechas. Ensarta hasta 15 cm (6 pulgadas) de hilo en la ranura. Cierra la tapa de la caja de la bobina. Gira la manivela hacia la derecha varias veces para atrapar el hilo.


The needle valve on the bottom of the Bunsen burner adjusts the gas flow rate, which determines the height of the flame. More gas will create a larger flame, and less gas gives you a smaller flame. Open or close the needle valve until you’ve adjusted your flame to the appropriate size for your task. The collar controls the amount of air entering the barrel, which determines the temperature of the flame. Close the collar so that no air enters the barrel for the coolest flame, or a safety flame. When you want to heat something, open the air ports until the flame is the right color. The flame gets hotter as it turns blue, and is hottest when it’s almost invisible. Adjust the air flow slowly to avoid blowing out your flame. Typically, you’ll want to create a medium-sized, hot blue flame, but the proper temperature and color depends on your task. If you’re not sure, check with your lab supervisor or experiment’s protocols. Remember to close the air ports to create a cooler flame when you’re not heating something, and never leave the lit burner unattended.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Utiliza la válvula de aguja para controlar el tamaño de la llama. Gira el cuello del mechero para ajustar la temperatura de la llama. Utiliza una llama azul mediana para la mayoría de los casos.


The needles of pine trees grow in bunches off of thin branches known as candles. To limit outward growth and make the internal foliage denser, you can trim these candles by half (or less) by pinching them with your fingernails. During the spring, the candles should be tender and small enough for you to prune with your fingers. Don’t use pruners unless you have to, as they will cut through the developing needles and therefore may cause brown tips at the end of the branch. Especially when dealing with pines, it’s best to either prune off entire branches or just the ends of the candles. New growth rarely occurs from the ends of half-cut pine branches, so you’ll end up with unsightly bare spots. Dead, damaged, or diseased branches should be removed in their entirety, though. Pine trees typically develop a pleasing, natural shape all on their own and rarely need your assistance. If space isn’t an issue and there isn’t disease or damage to deal with, it’s easiest and healthiest to just let them go without pruning. Prune them for width only if they’re tightly bunched with other trees or are encroaching on a structure such as your house. It’s best not to try to prune them for height.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Recorta las “velas” a mano en primavera. No cortes dentro de los tallos leñosos de las ramas sanas. Deja a los pinos tranquilos en su mayoría.


The needles of the spruce differ among the various species of the tree. The color of the needles, their measurements, and even the smell when the needles are crushed can be helpful factors in identifying the tree.  The Colorado Spruce has blue or blue-silver needles that are quite sharp and are ¾ to 1 ½ inches long. The Black Spruce has stubby needles that are only about ½ long. The Red Spruce has yellow-green needles around ½ - 1 inch long that give off the scent of orange rind when they are crushed.  The White Spruce has bluish green needles that give off an unpleasant scent of skunk when crushed.  The Norway Spruce has dark green needles that are about 1 inch long. The cones of spruce trees often vary between different species. Particularly pay attention to the measurements and the color of the cones. If the cones of the spruce do not match the descriptions of the most common spruces listed below, use a tree identification guide to help you narrow down the tree specie.  The Colorado Spruce has dark brown cones that are around 2-4 inches long. The Black Spruce has roundish dark-purple cones that are ½ to 1 ½ inches long. The cones grow around the top of the tree.  The Red Spruce has reddish-brown cones that are around 1 ½ inches long and are rough in texture.  The White Spruce has thin cones that are about 1 ¼ to 2 inches in length. Its cones are light brown and very flexible. The Norway Spruce has very large distinctive cones that grow about 4-7 inches and are light brown in color. Spruce trees also have subtle variations in bark color among species. Though it may not give you an answer by itself, the bark color is also an additional factor to consider when identifying the tree.  The Colorado Spruce has thin bark that forms in small scales. The bark turns from pale grey to brown as the tree ages. The Black Spruce has thin, scaly bark that is dark green-brown in color.  The Red Spruce has bark with a reddish hue which is especially visible between the scales of the bark.  The White Spruce has ash-brown,...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Examina las agujas. Observa las piñas. Observa el color de la corteza. Considera la forma de la pícea.


The nest for your turtle eggs will sit inside your incubator.  It's very simple to make one with a container you may already have at home and a few things from the garden supply store.  Container.  Find a sturdy container with a lid and punch air holes in the lid.  Simple take-out containers from the deli and plastic containers you may have in your kitchen can make perfectly good nests.  Be sure the lids you use are not too tight.  If the lids are hard to open, you can end up jarring the delicate eggs when you check on them.     Loosely set the lids on the containers until it gets closer to the time for the turtle eggs to hatch.  As hatching time arrives, tighten the lids enough to contain the babies. It's important to use lids so that the incubator heat source does not overheat the eggs.    Nesting material.  To your container, add a mixture of one part vermiculite, one part peat moss and one part sphagnum moss. Soak the mixture and squeeze out the excess water.     Vermiculite, peat moss and sphagnum are usually easy to find at garden supply stores and some hardware stores.  If you can't find all three, you should be fine creating a mixture of water and only one or two of the materials. Once the female has laid her eggs, pick them up very carefully.  Do not turn them over or you will kill the embryo.  Make small depressions in the vermiculite mixture and gently position the eggs inside.  Keep the lid on and the temperature between 75 degrees and 85 degrees.  Use a magic marker or a piece of charcoal to mark the tops of the eggs so that you don't accidentally turn them over. If eggs stick together when you pick them up, try very gently to separate them.  If they don't come apart easily, leave them alone. For many turtles, the sex of the hatchlings is determined by temperature not genetics.  In those cases, higher temperatures (maximum 85 degrees) will yield mostly females. Eggs incubated slowly in temperatures around 75 degrees will yield mostly males.  An incubation temperature of about 80 degrees will...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Prepara un nido. incuba los huevos. Descubre qué determina el sexo de tus tortugas. Controla los huevos. Descarta los huevos que no hayan prosperado.


The net asset value (NAV) of a mutual fund, hedge fund, or ETF changes every day the stock market is open, as the value of the fund's investments fluctuate. For your net asset value calculation to be valuable, you must use fund data for the calculation on a date that is relevant to your needs. Choose a specific date and ensure all the values you use to calculate your fund net asset value come from this date. The fund’s securities are its ownership of stocks, bonds, and other securities. As these securities’ values are posted daily, you can learn the value of your fund’s investment in each kind of security at the end of the valuation date. This total should include value of any cash on hand on the valuation date, as well as any short term or long term assets held by the fund. In addition to investments, the fund likely has several outstanding liabilities. These are amounts the fund has borrowed to make additional investments, in the hopes that the fund can earn interest on its investments at a higher rate than it pays on its outstanding loans. Subtract the amount of these debts from the total value of the securities you calculated. The fund's prospectus will list each of its assets and liabilities. Download the prospectus online or call for it by phone. Most newspapers will have daily stock listings showing the closing price of any publicly traded stock. The result of this calculation is the net asset value, or the value of one share’s portion of the assets owned by the fund. If you own multiple shares in the fund, you can multiply the NAV by the number of shares you own to learn the market value of your investment. The NAV generally determines the buy or sell price of a mutual fund share, so you should expect to be able to sell back your shares for relatively close to the NAV.  For mutual funds, NAV per share is calculated every day.  It is based on the closing prices of the securities in the fund.  Buy and sell orders for mutual funds are processed based on the NAV for the date.  Since the NAV is calculated...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Determina la fecha de valoración. Calcula el valor total de los valores del fondo al final de la fecha de valoración. Resta los pasivos pendientes del fondo. Divide entre el número de acciones pendientes o en circulación del fondo.


The new moon occurs when the moon is directly between the earth and the sun. Draw or fasten a new moon (all dark/shadowed) directly between the earth and sun. In astrology, the new moon symbolizes birth or new beginnings. It is thought to be a good time to start a new project. From the point of the new moon, move counterclockwise by 45 degrees to draw or place the waxing crescent. This moon phase occurs when the moon has moved through roughly ⅛ of its orbit (less than three days after the new moon). At this point in the orbit, there is a sliver of the moon that is lit by the sun’s light, and visible to the side of the earth experiencing night (pointing away from the sun). The crescent phase is often associated with struggle and growth in astrology. It is thought to be a good time to take opportunities. Move counterclockwise 90 degrees from the new moon (or 45 degrees from the waxing crescent) to place or draw the first quarter moon. When the moon appears as a half circle in the sky, this is known as a quarter moon because the moon has moved through ¼ of its orbit. This moon phase can be observed around seven to ten days into the moon’s cycle. Astrological themes surrounding the first quarter phase are action and expression. It is considered a good time to take the first steps to communicate your goals and achieve them. Move another 45 degrees counterclockwise (135 degrees from the new moon) to place the waxing gibbous. During this phase, the moon moves closer and closer to being a full circle in the sky. The waxing gibbous is observed from roughly eleven to fourteen days into the moon cycle. During the waxing gibbous phase, astrologists suggest that you focus on analyzing the results of the actions that you initiated in the first quarter phase.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Empieza con la luna nueva. Coloca la fase creciente cóncava. Añade el cuarto creciente. Agrega la fase creciente convexa.


The next part in the process is all about giving the Holy Spirit a place in your life. You can start by finding where that place has been in the past. Think of times in your life that were really difficult or that really challenged your faith. Not little things like having an argument with a friend but big things like losing a loved one or getting fired from a job you really needed. Look at these tests and think about why you were being tested in those instances. Look at the good things that came out of those situations or the lessons that you learned. Find why God was testing you at those times and what He wanted you to gain from your experiences. Look at the trials in your life right now. Everyone has them. These can be big or small. Now, why are you being tested? Think about what God is trying to tell you now. Maybe you didn’t learn your lesson before, about procrastination or coveting or jealousy, and now God’s trying again. Maybe it’s a whole new lesson. Look for your failings and you will find God’s reasons. Once you find God’s reasons for testing you, take a lesson from the experiences you’re having. See where the Holy Spirit can help you improve your life and the lives of those around you. Thank God and your Lord Jesus Christ for the lessons they have brought you and appreciate the role they are playing in your life now. Once you recognize this place that the Holy Spirit has in your life, you will be much better able to be filled with the Holy Spirit.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Piensa en los momentos de tu vida en los que estuviste a prueba. Piensa en la causa de las pruebas. Descubre los motivos por los que Dios te está poniendo a prueba ahora. Descubre las lecciones de Dios en tus pruebas. Sé agradecido por Su guía.


The niqab is worn as an act of worship. It helps you become closer to God. Keeping these values in mind will help you when you face hardships because of your choice to wear the niqab in a non-Muslim country. The Prophet Muhammad's words and actions are recorded in the Hadith. In many of these verses, you will find both the instructions and reasons for wearing the niqab. The Qur’an will also offer guidance on why you should wear the niqab. By knowing the reasons, you will be able to answer any questions people may have for you. The niqab signifies your devotion and obedience to Allah and displays your full embrace of an Islamic identity. It empowers you to assert your individuality by rejecting how mainstream fashion tells you to dress. The niqab helps protect your modesty and honor. It helps to remind you that Allah shields you and that He will protect you. When you wear the niqab, you know that you are obeying to the will of Allah and guarding yourself against temptation.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Conoce por qué usas el nicab. Familiarízate con el hadiz y el Corán. Usa el nicab para afirmar tu identidad musulmana. Deja que el nicab te proteja.


The normal cardiac cycle starts with depolarization of the sinus node. This occurs in a specialized tissue that is located in the right atrium (RA).  The electrical activity (depolarization) commences from the right atrium through the inter-atrial septum to the left atrium (LA). The atrium and ventricles are separated by the atrioventricular node (AV). The AV node delays the electrical activity for a short while and then it spreads down through the interventricular septum into the right (RV) and left ventricles (LV). The electrical wave passes through the bundle of His and the left bundle branches to reach the RV and the LV. The two ventricles contract concurrently to push blood and this is important to maximize the efficiency of the heart. The first chamber of the heart to undergo an electrical activity is the right atrium and then it spreads to the left atrium. The first electrical activity initiates in the atrium and it is called the P wave.  The EKG usually shows one P wave but it is the sum of the electrical conductivity of the two atria on the left and the right. There is a short delay as the AV node sends the electrical activity to the ventricles and this is the PR interva. The PR interval is the period when there is no electrical activity visible on the EKG. Depolarization of the lower chambers of the heart then follows. This is the largest part of the signals visible on the EKG and it is called the QRS complex.  The Q wave is the initial downward deflection. The R wave follows as the rising deflection and then S wave as the last downward deflection. Electrical activity reflects on the EKG as the depolarization of the myocardium. This occurs as the T wave and ST segment. The T wave appears as an upright deflection of variable duration and amplitude while the ST segment is isoelectric. The recording of an EKG is done on a standard paper and this allows the electrical activity to be measured, usually in terms of milliseconds.  Normal PR intervals range from 120-200 ms, which is equivalent to 3 to 5...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Espere la despolarización del nódulo sinusal. Busque la onda P seguida del intervalo PR. Identifica el complejo QRS. Conoce cómo se registran los resultados de un ECG. Usa los resultados del ECG para determinar la frecuencia cardíaca.


The normal range of sodium is 135 – 145 mEq/L. It is important to know the sodium level in your body.  You can have your sodium levels tested through a blood test that your doctor can give. A normal range of potassium is 3.5 – 5.0 mEq/L. There’s a different formula wherein you will no longer use the potassium level, though. This is because K⁺ is found to be too low in the plasma to count at times. Since there is a formula that doesn't require potassium, you may skip this step. A normal range of chloride is between 97 – 107 mEq/L. Your doctor will test this, too. The normal range for bicarbonate is 22- 26 mEq/L. Again, this is done through the same series of tests. The normal value of an anion gap is 8 – 12 mEq/L if without potassium. However, if potassium is given, the normal range value will change to 12 – 16 mEq/L.  Note that all these electrolyte levels can be identified through a blood test. Pregnant women may notice different levels, too. We'll discuss this in the next section. There are 2 formulas you can use in calculating an anion gap:  First formula: Anion gap = Na⁺ + K⁺ – (Cl⁻ + HCO₃⁻). This formula can be used if there is a value for potassium. However, the second equation is used more often than the first one. Second formula: Anion gap = Na⁺ – (Cl⁻ + HCO₃⁻). You can see that potassium is omitted in this second equation. This formula is more frequently used than the other, but you can use either of the two depending on your preferences. Again, the normal value is 8 – 12 mEq/L if without potassium and 12 – 16 mEq/L with potassium. Here are two examples:  Example 1: Na⁺ = 140, Cl⁻= 100, HCO₃⁻= 23AG= 140 – (98 + 23)AG = 24 The anion gap is 24. Therefore, the individual is positive for having a metabolic acidosis.  Example 2: Na⁺ = 135, Cl⁻= 100, HCO₃⁻= 25AG= 135 – (100 + 25)AG = 10 The anion gap is 10. Therefore, the result is normal and the person does not have metabolic acidosis. It is within the normal range of 8 – 12 mEq/L.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Determina el nivel de sodio (Na⁺). Determina el nivel de potasio (K⁺) de ser necesario. Determina el nivel de cloruro (Cl⁻). Determina el nivel de bicarbonato (HCO₃⁻). Conoce el valor de referencia normal de la brecha aniónica. Utiliza la fórmula estándar para calcular la brecha aniónica. Conoce cuál es un resultado saludable.


The nose is full of tiny blood vessels that are easily irritated when hit or poked. Because toddlers are so curious and often clumsy, they are especially likely to get nosebleeds. They may put their fingers or small objects up their noses, and they may often slip and fall; both of these tendencies can lead to nosebleeds. When your toddler has a cold, he will probably wipe, blow, and otherwise touch the nose repeatedly. All of this will irritate the sensitive mucous membranes inside the nose. If your toddler takes an antihistamine in the form of a nasal spray, she is more likely to develop a nosebleed. These medications dry out the nasal cavities, making them more susceptible to irritation and bleeding. Cold, dry weather leads to more frequent nosebleeds. This problem is often exacerbated by indoor heating systems, which tend to dry out the mucous membranes of the nose, making it more sensitive and prone to bleeding.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Ten en cuenta que forma en que se comportan los niños pequeños puede provocar sangrados en la nariz. Ten en cuenta que las gripes comunes provocan que les sangre la nariz. Toma en cuenta que algunos medicamentos pueden desencadenar un sangrado de nariz. Ten en cuenta al clima.


The number of people in your family, the nature of your activities, and whether you take your pets on the go all factor into the size of the vehicle you need. Some SUVs offer the ultimate in extra passenger space—third-row seating—while others offer little more space than a 4-door sedan would.  If your lifestyle calls for transporting a lot of equipment, or 4 or more people at a time, you will probably need a third row of seating.Consider a larger SUV like a Chevrolet Tahoe, or a GMC Yukon. Some smaller SUVs have third row seating as well, so if you need more seats but don’t want to drive a really big SUV, try a Toyota Highlander or a Honda Pilot. If you will be regularly taking your vehicle off road, consider a Jeep Wrangler. If you want something more highway friendly, try a crossover or a hybrid SUV. For more on those, see below. Off-road driving and towing large things like boats will require the power of 4WD. 4WD vehicles offer better traction, and more stability control, which are both great to have when taking the vehicle off-road. Consider a 4WD model if you plan to use your vehicle off road, or even if you live in a place where it snows most months of the year. Do you have kids who might do a number on the interior of your SUV? Or, would you prefer a luxury vehicle? You may need to decide whether you need functionality over luxury.  In terms of luxury SUVs, a Range Rover would be a good option on the smaller end, while an Escalade might be a good choice if you need that extra space. For a more durable and easier-to-clean interior, consider a Nissan Xterra.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Determina qué cantidad de espacio necesitas. Decide cómo usarás el vehículo. Considera la necesidad de tracción a las 4 ruedas. Piensa en tu estilo de vida.


The number of pins, hooks, or nails you'll need depends on the size of your net and how you want to arrange it. For instance, you could use 2 fasteners to hang it from the top corners and let the bottom hang loose, or you could use 3 or 4 fasteners to drape the net in a rounded organic shape. Push-pins and adhesive hooks don't require any tools, so they're your easiest option. Use transparent pins or hooks so they're less noticeable. Simply stick them on the wall or ceiling where you want to secure the net. Pins and adhesive hooks can support a few light shells or starfish. However, if you want to decorate the net with heavy or delicate objects, like driftwood or crystals, you should go with a more durable hanging method. Locate the studs, then hammer nails or picture anchors into the spots you marked. If you're using nails, leave about a 1⁄4 inch (0.64 cm) length exposed from the wall. You'll loop the net's squares around this length to secure it to the wall. Use a stud finder to locate the ceiling joists, then mark the spots with a pencil. Screw ceiling plant hangers into the spots where you want to secure the net.  You might need to drill pilot holes for the hooks. If necessary, check the size of the hooks' screws, and use a drill bit half of that diameter. For example, if your screws are 1⁄8 inch (0.32 cm), drill pilot holes with a 1⁄16 inch (0.16 cm) bit. If you're hanging the net from the ceiling, make sure it doesn't come into contact with a light fixture. Screw the anchor into the wall or ceiling with a screwdriver or drill, then drive the screw into the anchor hole. Leave a small length of the screw exposed instead of driving it flush with the wall. After installing the pins, hooks, or other fasteners, grab a square at the edge of the net. Loop the square around the fastener, then repeat to hang the net by the other fasteners. If necessary, play with the net's arrangement until you've achieved the right look.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Decide cuántos sujetadores necesita tu arreglo. Usa chinchetas o ganchos adhesivos si no quieres lastimar las paredes. Escoge clavos o anclas si vas a decorar la red con objetos pesados. Cuelga una red del techo con ganchos si tiene que cargar peso. Usa tornillos con tacos de anclaje si no puedes encontrar vigas. Enlaza los agujeros de la red en las chinchetas, ganchos o clavos para adherirla a la pared.


The number of posts you need for a given round pen diameter is pi (3.14) times the diameter divided by the distance you want between the posts. Multiplying by 3, instead of 3.14, will give you a rough amount, unless you are making a very large pen. For example, if your pen is 40 feet by 3 feet or a circumference of 120 feet, and you want 9 feet between each post, divide 120 by 9 to get 13.3. So, you would need 13 posts (with maybe one extra post just in case) for the pen. Now that you have an idea of how many posts you will need for your pen, go to your local hardware store and pick up:  7” diameter treated wooden posts (you may need to go to a lumberyard) Pressure treated wooden boards (approximately 150 3/4-inch by 6-inch by 16-foot) Concrete mix (one bag for each post) A 660’ spool of electric braid A gasoline driven post hole digger (you can also rent this or dig the holes manually) Nails A hammer Use the post hole digger to make holes for the gate, based on how wide you want your gate to be. Starting with the gate posts will allow you then work around them as a marker.  The holes should be about 2-3 feet deep. Place the gate posts in the holes, perpendicular to the ground. Then, fill the holes with cement. If you have rocky soil, it may be best to have longer intervals between the posts so you have less holes to dig. Place the posts in the holes and fill the holes with cement. Make a solid wall by attaching them to the insides of the posts. Stagger the boards on the posts to distribute the pressure evenly. Cut the remaining boards to the height of your fence and nail them vertically to the inside to cover the joins at the posts.  Alternatively, you can create a more open pen by using electric braid instead of wooden boards. Attach 4-5 strands of electric braid between the posts. Depending on how high the posts are, you may use more or less strands of braid. Be sure to put enough tension on the braid to prevent sagging between the posts. You may also want to also add a top railing made of wood to the pen...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Determina cuántos postes necesitarás para el corral. Reúne tus materiales. Primero cava los agujeros para los postes de la puerta. Cava agujeros para los demás postes. Remoja en agua las tablas tratadas a presión hasta que estén suaves y flexibles. Instala la puerta. Mantén el corral de madera.


The number of rings on a stump indicates the number of years the tree lived. You’ll see rings of darker and lighter bands; 1 year of growth is composed of both a dark and light band. Since they’re easier to distinguish, count the dark bands to estimate the age. The rings can also tell you about the environmental conditions for a particular year. Thinner rings represent colder or dryer years, and thicker rings represent better growing conditions. If the rings are hard to make out, start by sanding them with coarse, 60-grit sandpaper. Finish with a very fine sandpaper, such as 400-grit. Spraying the surface lightly with water can also make the rings easier to see. You might find that some rings are too close together to see clearly. If necessary, use a magnifying glass to get a better view. Find the pith, or the small circle at the center of the concentric rings. Start counting from the first dark band around the pith. Continue counting until you’ve reached the bark. The last ring is pressed up against the bark and hard to see, so make sure to include it in your count. If you have trouble keeping track, try writing a number or making a mark every 10 rings with a pencil.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Examina los anillos de un tocón expuesto. Lija el tocón para observar los anillos con mayor claridad. Cuenta los anillos desde la médula maderea hasta la corteza.


The number one factor that determines what processor you can install is the socket type of your motherboard. AMD and Intel use different sockets, and both manufacturers use multiple socket types depending on the processor. Your motherboard's documentation will provide you the necessary socket information.  You cannot install an Intel CPU in an AMD motherboard, or vice versa. Not all processors from the same manufacturer use the same socket. You cannot upgrade the processor on a laptop. CPU-Z is a freeware utility that can determine what kind of hardware you have installed. This is the easiest program to use to find your motherboard socket type.  Download and install CPU-Z from www.cpuid.com. Run CPU-Z. Click the "CPU" tab and note what is displayed in the "Package" field. Open your computer and find your motherboard's model number to look it up online.  Click here for detailed instructions on visually inspecting your motherboard. If you still cannot identify the socket type, remove your old processor from the motherboard and take it to a computer specialty store. One of the technicians should be able to tell you what socket type it is, and may be able to make recommendations on what processors would be good replacements. If you're trying to upgrade an older computer with a newer processor, there's a pretty good chance that the sockets won't match. As time goes on, getting a new processor that fits an older motherboard becomes more and more difficult. Purchasing a new motherboard along with your new processor will make things a lot easier. Note: If you're upgrading your motherboard, you may also need to upgrade your RAM, as old RAM is often incompatible with new motherboards.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Revisa la documentación de tu placa madre. Utiliza el programa CPU-Z para determinar el tipo de socket de tu placa. Revisa visualmente la placa madre si no puedes hallar la documentación. Si no puedes identificar a tu antiguo procesador, llévalo a una tienda de computadoras. Considera la posibilidad de comprar una placa madre nueva en caso de que quieras realizar una actualización.


The number one mistake people make on these problems is confusing mass and weight. Remember that mass is the amount of "stuff" in an object, which stays the same no matter where you move it. Weight measures the force of gravity on that "stuff," which changes if you move through space. Here's are a couple mnemonic to keep your units distinct:  Mass is in units of grams or kilograms. Both mass and gram contain an m. Weight is in units of newtons. Both weight and newton contain a w. You only have weight while you're "wait"ing on Earth, but even "mass"tronauts have mass. Most physics problems use newtons (N) for weight, meters per second squared (m/s2) for gravitational force, and kilograms (kg) for mass. If you use a different unit for one of these values, you cannot use the same formula. Convert to scientific units before plugging them into the standard equation. These conversions may help you out if you're used to the imperial / U.S. system:  1 pound-force = ~4.448 newtons 1 foot = ~0.3048 meters If you're working on a complex problem, keep track of the units as you work through your solution. Remember that 1 newton is equivalent to 1 (kg*m)/s2. If necessary, make that substitution to help you cancel out units.  Example problem: Jeffrey weighs 880 newtons on Earth. What is his mass? mass = (880 newtons)/(9.8 m/s2) mass = 90 newtons/(m/s2) mass = (90 kg*m/s2)/(m/s2) Cancel units: mass = 90 kg Kg is the expected unit for mass, so you arranged the problem correctly.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Evita confundir la masa y el peso. Emplea unidades científicas. Expande los newtons para verificar tus unidades.


The nut of the acorn grows from a woody cup, which may remind you of a hat. The small scales that make up the cup may be thin and flat, or thick and forming wart-like growths (tubercles). This variation is a great start for narrowing down the possible species. All oaks native to North America and Europe have a spiral of overlapping scales on the cup. Some (but not all) East Asian oaks have scales that form concentric rings instead. These are called ring-cupped oaks, and belong to the Cyclobalanopsis subgenus. Acorns come in many shapes, but you can divide them into two rough groups. Some are round ("globose"), or nearly round with a blunt tip. Others are elongated ("ovoid" or "oblong") and usually taper to a point ("fusiform"). The acorns of some species have parallel ridges (striations) running between the two points. This can vary within one species, so a smooth acorn isn't always diagnostic. Mature acorns can be light brown, dark brown, black, or chestnut red. If the acorn is still green or greenish-grey, it probably fell off the tree early. Acorns range in size from nubs less than ½ inch (1.25 cm) long, to behemoths the size of your palm. Most acorns within a single species and region are similar in length within about ½ inch (1.25 cm). One important exception is the cork oak of the Mediterranean, which drops large acorns in autumn and a smaller batch in winter.  The size and shape of the cup is also useful, and you can easily eyeball it by comparing it to the nut. For example, the Northern red oak has a cup that sits flat at the top of the nut, while the overcup oak and bur oak wrap almost the entire nut in a cup. The length of the stalk the acorn grows on can also help identification. The cup of some acorns have hairs on the inner and/or outer surface. You can also look for hairs on the inner surface of the shell, after cracking it open. Botanists describe this hairy material with these terms:  Woolly: long, matted hairs. Some species only have hair near the tip of the acorn, so check there. Pubescent:...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Examina las escamas de la cúpula de la bellota. Observa la forma de la bellota. Revisa el color. Mide la nuez. Busca pelos. Busca bellotas en germinación.


The nutrients that are most essential for hair growth are iron, vitamin D, B-complex vitamins, and zinc. Each of these plays an important role in the overall health of your hair, and thus the rate of your hair growth.  Get plenty of iron by eating foods like spinach, eggs (with the yolk!), chickpeas, beans, and red meat. You can get your vitamin D from the sunshine, but eating a diet rich in vitamin D is especially important for people who live in less sunny climates. Eat things like salmon, tuna, mushrooms, egg yolks, and foods fortified with vitamin D.  There are plenty of vitamins that fall under the umbrella of B-complex vitamins. Whole grains, eggs, and avocados are some of the best foods to eat in order to make sure you’re getting enough.  Good news – you can get some of your zinc requirements through dark chocolate! Other sources include oysters, pumpkin seeds, and garlic. You've probably heard the advice to drink eight glasses of water a day, and it is an important tip for growing your hair. Make sure that you drink water with every meal, and sip on it throughout the day. Replace your soda, juice, and coffee with water to make sure you’re getting enough. When your body is hydrated, your hair will reap the benefits by growing and looking shiny. Think of drinking water like watering a plant. The water you drink will nourish your hair from the scalp, just like plants are nourished from their roots. Meat is a great source of protein, but vegetarians can get it through foods like beans, nuts, whole grains, spinach, and peanut butter. When you’re not getting enough protein in your diet, you’re more likely to experience shedding and breakage, which is not great for those trying to grow long, healthy hair.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Lleva una dieta sana y equilibrada que esté llena de vitaminas y nutrientes esenciales. Toma mucha agua. Asegúrate de consumir suficientes proteínas.


The nutritional label on prepackaged food products you purchase will list the total amount of sugar per serving in that product. Keep the serving size in mind as it may be less (or more) than you typically consume.  Generally, you shouldn't get more than 5 percent of your calories from sugar. For the average adult, this works out to about 30g of sugar a day, maximum. Any food product with more than 22.5g of sugar has a high sugar content and should be avoided – especially for breakfast. Eating something with that much sugar would mean you'd reached (or even exceeded, depending on the size of your portion) your daily allowance of sugar with the first meal of the day. Foods with 5g of sugar or less typically are considered low in sugar. If you're trying to reduce sugar at breakfast and can't get away from prepackaged food products, these are going to be your best bet. While you may see the word "sugar" on a list of ingredients on the side of a prepackaged food product, you're also likely to see a number of other words that also are sugar, just in a different form.  Watch for any word ending in -ose – sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose. These are all sugars. Highly processed sugars like corn syrup and high-fructose corn syrup can be found on many ingredient lists for prepackaged food products you might find in the grocery store. Also be on the lookout for molasses, fruit juice, and honey. Though technically "healthier" than refined sugar, these are still sugars and should be limited if you're trying to reduce sugar at breakfast. Packaged, prepared, and frozen foods are notoriously high in sugar. Many frozen foods, such as pre-made breakfast sandwiches, may include sugar as a preservative despite the fact that the food itself isn't particularly sweet.  Even if the front of the box proclaims that the product is "lite" or "sugar free" or "diet," you still need to check the ingredient and nutrition panel. Keep in mind that many of these labels, such as "lite," aren't regulated and could be a deceiving...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Revisa la cantidad de azúcar. Revisa las listas de ingredientes para identificar los diferentes tipos de azúcar. Sé precavido con los alimentos preenvasados para el desayuno. No consumas edulcorantes artificiales.


The objective of Rummy 500 is to lay down sets of 3 of more cards. These can be matched sets of 3-4 cards (such as Queens, 5s, 2s, etc.), and/or sequences of 3 or more cards in the same suit (such as the 4, 5, and 6 of spades). The round is finished when one player uses all of their cards or the stock pile runs out. All points are then tallied.  These groups of 3 or more cards are called “melds.” Additionally, players can lay down 1-2 cards that match with existing melds on the table. (For example, if one player has a meld of 3 Aces, another player can lay down the fourth Ace.) Jokers are used as wildcards, and can represent any card a player wants. Whenever cards are laid down in these patterns, they accrue points. To win Rummy 500, one player must reach 500 points, over multiple rounds of play. Card values are as follows:  All face cards are worth 10 points. Aces count as 15 points when used “high.” Jokers (used as wildcards) are worth 15 points. All other cards (Ace low – 9) are worth their value (e.g., the 6 of hearts is worth 6 points.) You may choose to have all cards A-9 worth 5 points, to simplify the scoring system. When one player uses all of their cards, the round ends and points are tallied up. Players who still have cards in their hands tally the value of those cards, and then subtract that amount from their score for that round. Alternatively, if the stock pile runs out of cards, the round ends, but players do not subtract the value of their hands.  For example, if the value of a players hand equals 70 points, and the value of what they have laid down equals 100 points, they will earn 30 points for that round. If a player loses more points from their hand than they have earned in the round, the negative value will be subtracted from their overall score. There are some additional, optional rules that you may like to use. Be sure to discuss these rules and accept or reject them before you begin game play.  30 points rule: This rule states that players must earn at least 30 points in one round...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Aprende cuál es el objetivo. Comprende los valores de las cartas. Llevar la puntuación del juego. Aprender reglas adicionales.


The off command, though highly effective, does require you to be present and observe your pet climbing onto off-limits furniture. This technique works better for dogs, since dogs tend to respond to verbal commands better than cats. When you observe your dog climbing onto a couch or chair they're not supposed to be on, rather than physically removing them (which may elicit an aggressive reaction from him), teach your pet the "off" command. As soon as you observe your dog on the couch or chair, use a calm-yet-stern voice to say, "Off." Then hold a small treat in front of their face, and pull the treat (with your dog's nose in tow) slowly away from the couch or chair and down to the floor. As soon as your dog gets down from the furniture, offer them verbal praise and give them the treat you led them away with. Start out giving your pet treats every time they climb down, then gradually taper off how frequently you give treats with the "off" command. Eventually you should be able to command your dog to get off the furniture simply by saying, "Off."

TL;DR in Spanish:

Observa a tu mascota en el sofá. Di “Fuera” y dale una golosina. Elogia a tu perro y vuelve a hacerlo.


The oil in coconut meat becomes liquid around 76 F (24 C), so if your house or fridge is colder than that, you will have to warm the coconut butter before you can spread it. To warm the coconut butter, you can:  Use a knife to cut out the desired amount. Transfer the coconut butter to a glass bowl and place it in a larger bowl full of hot water. Alternatively, if you want to warm the entire jar, place the whole jar in a saucepan full of water and warm it on the stove. Heat a small portion in the microwave. Heat it on medium heat for about 15 seconds at a time. Stir, and heat again if necessary. Wrap the entire jar in a heating pad. Let it sit for about half an hour. Coconut butter makes a delicious, raw, and dairy-free alternative to butter. You can spread coconut butter on toast, pancakes, waffles, muffins or any other baked good you like.  You can also put this butter on sandwiches and other savory breads, but it will give your baked goods a slight coconut flavor. If you find the coconut butter isn't spreading easily, divide out a portion that you want to use for spreading and return it to the food processor. Process it for a few more minutes, and add in a drizzle of melted coconut oil to help make it smoother and more spreadable.  Depending on how much of the coconut butter you're processing, add anywhere between 1 teaspoon and 2 tablespoons (6 to 15 ml) of oil. You can drizzle coconut butter on fruits and desserts the same way that you would chocolate or butterscotch syrup. If you chill the fruit beforehand, the coconut will even become hard and form a delicious candy-like shell on top! For a really decadent treat, cover whole strawberries in a layer of coconut butter and put them in the freezer to harden. Serve as you would chocolate-covered strawberries. Coconut butter is a creamy and healthy way to make breakfast a little more interesting. You can mix it in with cereals, granola, oatmeal, and other breakfast foods and snacks. Try drizzling a little coconut butter into your yogurt, or add some to your...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Calienta la mantequilla para que la puedas untar. Unta la mantequilla sobre una tostada. Utiliza la mantequilla en lugar de los jarabes. Dale un toque de color a tus desayunos. Reemplaza la leche, las cremas y otros productos lácteos. Prepara productos horneados sin frutos secos.


The oil in the petroleum jelly is dissolving the oil in your lip color, which is what makes it so effective. It is drawing the oil out of your lips instead of repelling it, like water would.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Espera unos 5 minutos para que la vaselina actúe.


The oils from your scalp and pores are natural protectants. They repel water, and since dyes are water-based, they are your first defense against stained skin. Try to wait at least one day after your last shampoo to dye your hair. Bonus: hair dye adheres better to dirty hair than it does to slippery, clean hair. Using petroleum jelly, moisturizing cream, or a thick lotion to create a protective wall just outside of your hairline, around the entirety of your head. You should apply this layer thickly, but there’s no need to make it extend too far down your head. Half an inch to an inch of moisturizer should be plenty.  Be careful not to get your protectant of choice in your hair, and don't forget the tops and undersides of your ears. Don’t use a moisturizer that breaks you out, or you could get acne around your hairline. For extra protection, press teased-out cotton balls, or cotton coil, into the moisturizer you applied. This way, if any hair dye manages to seep out of the hairline, the cotton will soak it up. If the moisturizer isn’t sticky enough to hold the cotton, don’t panic--just apply more moisturizer over it, and forget about the cotton. If you don’t have any moisturizer thick enough to get the job done, don’t despair. Instead, you can use a lightly adhesive painter’s, masking, or gaffer’s tape applied to the edge of your hairline. Be careful not to catch your hair in the tape, and definitely don’t use another type of tape (like masking or duct) instead! Be careful when pulling tape off.  Masking tape can potentially pull out or irritate the soft, fine hair known as vellus hair that covers your body, including your face.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Tíñete el cabello un día después de lavarlo. Protege el perímetro del nacimiento del cabello. Refuerza el perímetro con algodón. Si no hay más remedio, prueba con cinta adhesiva protectora.


The oils in the conditioner will lubricate the porous leather, allowing it to flex and bend with your body with greater ease. And, unlike homespun oil treatments, they won’t compromise the durability of the material or leave behind a greasy patina.  If you’re willing to spend a little more money, you can also spring for a complete leather maintenance package. These kits often include other products that are useful for extending the lifespan of your leather goods, such as neatsfoot oil, leather milk, and protective beeswax for waterproofing. Avoid using natural alternatives like olive or coconut oil. While these can help relax leather in the short term, they have a tendency to absorb deep into the material. Over time, they can lead to permanent discoloration or more serious cracking and deterioration. Fold the cloth over the tip of your finger so that only one small corner is exposed. Use this corner to soak up a small amount of conditioner. That way, you can ensure that you’re getting just the right amount.  When it comes to leather products, less is more. You just want to treat the surface of the leather, not give it a bath.  Don’t apply the product directly to the leather. Not only is this a recipe for a giant mess, it also makes it harder to distribute the conditioner consistently. Rub the conditioner in smooth, wide strokes or circles, working your way slowly over a broader area. Aim for a single thin coating. The leather should have a faint sheen to it, but not appear wet or oversaturated.  Leather conditioners are safe enough to use on every part of the item’s exterior, but you could also focus your attention where it’s needed most, such as the elbows of a jacket or the toe or ankle area of a boot. There’s no need to rub on multiple coats. Any additional conditioner you apply will just accumulate on the surface. Repeat the process at least once every few months to keep your clothing and accessories in top shape. With each application, the stubborn material will grow more and more supple.  If you live...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Compra un acondicionador de cuero de buena calidad. Aplica el acondicionador en un paño limpio. Extiéndelo sobre la superficie del cuero. Acondiciona los artículos de cuero con frecuencia.


The oils in these products will dissolve the liner so you can easily wipe it away and can also condition your lashes and moisturize the delicate skin around your eyes. Oils are the best option to remove waterproof eyeliner. The oil in waterproof eyeliner repels water, which is why it lasts so long, but also makes it hard to remove.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Escoge una toallita desmaquillante sin alcohol y sin fragancia.


The old notion of doing static stretches—such holding a toe touch and triceps stretch—before working out has largely been abandoned. Instead, it’s better to loosen up your muscles and joints through light exercise and dynamic stretching, then do some static stretches after your primary workout is complete.  Depending on your fitness level, your warmup might involve biking, jogging, walking, or simply doing some light housework. Your goal is to work up a light sweat. Ideally, this warmup should last 10 minutes. If that’s not possible, aim for 5 minutes as the bare minimum. Talk to your doctor before starting any new exercise regimen, especially if you live a sedentary lifestyle or have existing health conditions. Dynamic stretches continue the process of warming up your muscles and joints, while also prioritizing range of motion. Choose 3-5 dynamic stretches and do 3 sets of 20-30 reps. Classic dynamic stretches include sit-ups, push-ups, jumping jacks, lunges, and squats. If you’d like to expand your dynamic stretching repertoire, try some of the options described in the remainder of this section. Hold your arms out straight to either side so that you form a T. Make circles with your arms. Do this 20-30 times before reversing the direction. As you become more flexible, you can make the circles bigger. Bracing yourself against a wall, swing your outside leg up like a clock pendulum. Increase the height of the swing with each return. Switch sides to do the other leg. You can do a similar exercise with your arms. If you have balance concerns, do this exercise only when you have a sturdy grab bar available to grasp with your supporting hand. Take deep, exaggerated steps so that you’re nearly dropping to your knee with each step. You can add even more stretch by twisting your upper body away from the extended back leg with each movement. Stationary lunges, which can be done forward, backward, or to the sides, can also be used for dynamic stretching. Beginning in a push-up position, slowly walk until your feet are...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Calienta los músculos entre 5 y 10 minutos antes de realizar los estiramientos dinámicos. Después continúa con unos 5 a 10 minutos de estiramientos dinámicos. Usa los círculos de brazos para estirar los brazos, hombros y la parte superior del cuerpo. Haz balanceo de piernas para mejorar la flexibilidad de tus caderas y piernas. Realiza estocadas caminando para estirar el tronco y las piernas. Prueba las flexiones de gusano si puedes realizar flexiones de pecho fácilmente. Completa tu rutina de entrenamiento cardiovascular o de fuerza.


The old saying that rice should be cooked low and slow is true. Since slow cookers already make use of low temperatures to heat food gradually, however, the highest heat setting will still be considerably cooler than a conventional rice cooker.  Make sure your slow cooker is properly hooked up and positioned, and that there are no objects nearby that could cause it to come unplugged accidentally. You can also cook your rice on a lower heat setting if you’re going to be out of the house all day. Keep in mind, though, that this will likely add 3-4 hours to your overall cook time. While your rice is cooking all you have to do is—nothing! Just put it in, turn it on, and walk away. It’s really that easy!  If it makes you feel better, you can come back periodically and take a look at your rice to see how it’s doing. Just avoid leaving the lid off of the slow cooker for too long, as this will allow precious moisture to escape. Don’t forget to set a timer so you’ll know when your rice is ready to come out of the slow cooker.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Configura la olla a una temperatura alta. Deja que el arroz se cocine por 2,5 a 3 horas.


The one-piece version is made with a hole in the middle, so you can easily slip it over your head. The two piece version also includes an underscarf for extra coverage on your head. Make sure it's securely in place and won't fall off.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Elige un velo Al-Amira de una o dos piezas. Arregla los pliegues para que queden cómodos.


The only definitive way to know if you have a blood clot in your leg is to get a medical diagnosis. If you have any symptoms of a blood clot in your leg without the signs of PE, schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider as soon as possible. Make sure to let the office know why you’re calling so that they can schedule you without delay. Your health care provider will perform a full examination, run diagnostic tests, and prescribe or recommend the proper course of treatment based on your condition. Answer any questions your doctor may have about your symptoms and when they started as well as what makes them better or worse. Make sure to let your doctor know about any medication you’re taking, if you’ve ever been treated for cancer, or if you’ve had any recent surgeries or injuries. Before your doctor orders more involved tests, they will perform a physical exam to check for signs of DVT you may have overlooked. Your doctor will check your legs for the signs of DVT. In addition, your healthcare provider will measure your blood pressure and listen to your heart and lungs. Let your doctor know if there is any part of the exam that causes you pain, such as if you experience pain when taking a deep breath while the doctor listens to your heart and lungs with a stethoscope. Your doctor may order additional tests to determine whether or not you have DVT or how serious your condition is. The most common diagnostic tests for DVT are:  Ultrasound, which is the most common test for DVT. It makes a picture of the veins and arteries in your leg so your doctor can better assess any clot. D-dimer test, which measures a substance in your blood that is released when a clot breaks up. High levels can indicate a deep vein blood clot. Spiral CT of chest or ventilation/perfusion (VQ) scan to rule out pulmonary embolism. Venography, which is done when an ultrasound doesn’t give your doctor a clear diagnosis. This procedure requires injecting a dye and then getting an x-ray that illuminates the vein. The x-ray can...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Consulta con el doctor. Sométete a un examen físico. Hazte pruebas de diagnóstico.


The only excuse you need is a simple, "Excuse me." You don't have to make up an excuse; everyone uses the bathroom. This is nothing to be embarrassed about either. Everyone uses the bathroom. This might involve a little searching, and if you don't think you have time, obviously go for the first one you see. If you are at a friend's house you might use the upstairs bathroom. In a mall, you might choose the restroom furthest from the major departments stores. Before you even sit down in a stall, or any bathroom for that matter, check to make sure there is toilet paper.  If there isn't any ask the manager of the restaurant or the homeowner to bring you some. If you are in an office building you may need ask at reception or locate a member of the janitorial staff. Either the stall or the door to the bathroom itself should have a lock on it. Locking the door will help relieve some of the anxiety you might have and will ensure your privacy. If you can, put your feet up on a small trash bin. Squatting will allow you to pass your waste more quickly and with less effort, minimizing the amount of time you spend in the bathroom. Sometimes thinking about it too much can make defecating even more stressful. If you have a cell phone, playing a game or doing a little reading on the internet can help you relax. When defecating in public you’ll want to get in and out as quickly as you can. Be wary of spending so much time on your phone that it distracts you from the task at hand. Once you are in the bathroom, don't forget to continue to take deep breathes. This will help your body relax. If you are still having trouble going, place your hand on your abdomen and lightly push down. You might want to slightly lean forward while you do this.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Pide permiso. Pregunta cómo llegar al baño si no sabes en dónde está. Escoge el baño que sea más privado. Fíjate si hay papel higiénico. Pon el seguro de la puerta. Trata de ponerte en cuclillas. Usa el teléfono como una distracción. Sigue respirando. Presiona ligeramente hacia abajo el abdomen.


The only person you can fully control is yourself. While you cannot completely shield or insulate yourself from the upsetting actions of others, you can nurture yourself and build a buffer against daily frustrations and situations.  For example, you can't control irresponsible drivers, annoying peers, or conflicts in relationships. But you can control how you respond to the irritations. Try taking time to pamper yourself by giving yourself time to read a great book, taking a calming bath, or giving yourself time to go on a long walk in your neighborhood. RAIN is an acronym that can help you practice mindfulness in your daily life. Many research studies have shown that mindfulness practice can help relieve stress.   Recognize the experience. Acknowledge what is happening at the present moment. Notice how you feel, what your body is experiencing, and what you're thinking.  Allow yourself to feel these things. When you encounter thoughts and feelings brought up by an experience, allow yourself to feel them. Too often, we try to repress our emotions, which can end up making us more stressed and upset. Acknowledge that your emotions exist, and that they are neither "right" nor "wrong" -- they simply are.  Investigate the situation with kindness. Show yourself the same compassion you would show to a friend. For example, if you are feeling stressed out, you might feel that you are stupid or worthless. Investigate these thoughts. Would you say these things to a friend? Try showing yourself kindness instead by telling yourself something compassionate like "I am worthy."  Natural loving awareness will arise when you practice the first three steps. This will allow you to detach from those generalizations like "I'm a loser" or "I'm stupid." You will realize that while those feelings may show up, they most likely appear because of a fear or insecurity. Studies have shown that meditation can literally rewire how your brain responds to stressors. This is especially true for mindfulness meditation, which has been widely...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Reconoce que no puedes controlar a los demás. Prueba el método RAIN. Practica la meditación. Haz yoga Presta atención a las emociones diarias.


The only requirement is that it be a hardcover book; you can use any kind you want, even old textbooks that you no longer need! The length of the book is also up to you, but remember that the shorter the book (page-wise), the smaller your jewelry box will be. Open the book and, on the first page, draw a rectangle using your ruler. Your lines should be one inch from the edge all the way around. Use an X-Acto knife to cut along the lines of the rectangle you just drew. It may be helpful to use cut along the line of your ruler to keep your cuts as straight as possible.  Cut all the way around and discard the page rectangles from the center. Do this as many times as necessary. Remember, the thicker your book is, the more cuts you'll need to make as the X-Acto knife will only go through a handful of pages at a time. As you cut, it may be helpful to use a binder clip to hold the pages together that you have already cut. This will keep the pages you are done with out of your way as you continue cutting. As you cut, little slivers of paper will get lodged in the pages. Hold the book upside down by both covers and shake out any loose pieces. Use Mod Podge (crafting adhesive/sealant) to glue all of the pages. First, dip a paint brush in the Mod Podge and paint in between several pages to make them stick together. Then, paint the outside of all of the pages as well as the edges of the pages that are exposed inside the rectangle that you cut. You should glue the pages to the bottom cover, but leave the top cover of the book unglued.  Alternatively, you can use watered-down regular glue (Elmers, etc.) instead of the Mod Podge. It should take the adhesive approximately ten minutes to fully dry. Once the book is completely dry, the front cover of the book should lift up to reveal the cut-out rectangle pages where you can store your jewelry. If you want to, you can decorate the outside of the book to make it more attractive. You can glue on rhinestones or fabric designs (flowers, etc.) to suit your taste.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Elige un libro viejo. Dibuja un rectángulo dentro del libro. Corta las páginas. Sacude el exceso de papel que quede después de cortar. Pega las páginas entre sí. Decora el exterior.


The only way to accurately sight-in a rifle scope is to shoot it from a variety of positions. The easiest way to do this is at the gun range, typically, where you can be sure of the distances and your backstops. As always, practice good gun safety while you're handling a firearm and bring eye protection and ear protection, as well as enough ammunition for a day of shooting.  Use a bulls-eye target specifically for zeroing. These will typically have lots of measurements that will let you make accurate adjustments on the rifle. The more sure how "off" each hit is, the more accurately you'll be able to sight it in. Follow the specific regulations and rules at the range at which you're shooting. When you're zeroing a rifle, you need to eliminate user-error from the equation as much as possible. In other words, you can't miss. To give yourself the most accurate zero, you need to mount your gun into a rest specifically for this purpose, which are available at all sporting goods outlets, and may be available at a gun club near you, which you can borrow. All the more reason to head to the range. If you don't have a solid gun rest, get in as solid a position for shooting as possible. Even just setting up a couple of steady books, or your boots, or your jacket, will help you to rest the gun on something and shoot more accurately. Just make sure whatever you're resting it on is clear of the bolt. Wait for the signal that the range is hot, and look through your scope, training the sight on the bulls-eye. Using a proper stock to cheek weld and maintain the same sight picture as you usually do. Take the safety off the rifle. At the end of your exhale, hold for a split-second, then squeeze the trigger firmly without jerking it for the most accurate shot. Repeat 3-5 times for the most accurate first run. Wait for the signal that the range is cold, then safety and unload your rifle, checking it twice to be sure. Retrieve your target, or examine it through a range sight to get an accurate picture of your shots. The adjustments...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Apunta al campo de tiro. Monta el rifle en un soporte. Carga el arma y realiza de tres a cinco disparos con el rifle. Analiza el conjunto de disparos. Realiza los ajustes con las perillas y revisa nuevamente. Establece el cero desde muchas distancias.


The only way to permanently change the color of your background is to create a separate background layer. If you simply change the background color, the color will disappear when you print your artwork. To create a background layer:  Select the “Rectangle Tool” in the left tool bar. (Right column, fourth item from the top). Place your cursor in the upper left corner of the artboard. Click and drag your cursor to create a rectangle that is the exact size of your artboard. Locate the “Fill Tool” (fourth column up from the bottom of the tool bar). Double-click on the tool to make a “Color Palette” dialogue box appear. Select your color from the color palette. Click “Ok” to set the background color. As you create your artwork, you will want the background to remain static. This is achieved by locking the layer in place.  Locate the “Layer” panel to the right of your screen. If it is not visible, click on “Window” and select “Layers” from the drop down menu. The rectangle should be listed as “Layer 1.” As you add more layers, “Layer 1” needs to remain at the bottom of the list. Click on the blank box next to the “Eye” icon to lock the layer in place.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Haz un rectángulo del tamaño de tu mesa de trabajo. Rellena el rectángulo con un color. Bloquea la capa para que quede en su lugar.


The only way to restore your hidden purchases is to use iTunes on a computer. You'll need to be signed in with the account that you purchased the music with in order to find your hidden purchases. You'll be prompted for your Apple ID password again. If you don't see the menu bar in Windows, press Alt. You may have to scroll to find it. This will display all of the purchases you have hidden from your library. You'll see this button underneath each album that you've hidden. You can click the "Unhide All" button in the lower-right corner to unhide all hidden songs at once. The songs you've unhidden will appear back in your iTunes music library.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Abre iTunes en tu computadora. Inicia sesión con tu ID de Apple si aún no has iniciado sesión. Haz clic en el menú “Cuenta” (Mac) o “Store” (Windows) y selecciona “Ver mi cuenta”. Encuentra la sección “iTunes en la nube”. Haz clic en “Administrar” al lado de “Compras ocultas”. Haz clic en el botón “Mostrar” para restaurar las canciones. Encuentra las canciones ocultas.


The only way to set a different default browser in iOS is to jailbreak the device. Jailbreaking is typically not possible if you are running the latest version of iOS. For instructions on jailbreaking various iOS devices, see Jailbreak an iPhone. Cydia is the package manager for your jailbroken iOS device, and allows you to install a variety of tweaks and apps specifically for jailbroken devices. You'll find Cydia on one of your Home screens after jailbreaking. This is a tweak to the iOS device's system settings that allows you to change the default browser. It is available through Cydia's default repositories. Your iOS device will reboot to complete the installation process. "Open in Chrome" will add a new option to your Settings app. Check that the slider is toggled on in the "Open in Chrome" section of the Settings app. This will set Chrome as the default browser. With "Open in Chrome" enabled, any link you tap will automatically open in Chrome. This will apply to links in email messages, texts, app, websites, and any other links.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Haz jailbreak al dispositivo iOS. Abre Cydia en el dispositivo iOS con jailbreak. Toca la opción "Buscar" y busca "Abrir en Chrome". Toca el botón "Instalar para descargar e instalar la modificación. Abre la aplicación de "Ajustes" en el dispositivo. Asegúrate de que "Abrir en Chrome" esté habilitado. Toca un enlace para abrir Chrome por defecto.


The only way to stop living paycheck to paycheck is to get your spending under control. You’ll need to create a budget so that your income exceeds your expenses. Sit down and crunch the following numbers:  Income. What do you bring in every month? Count your paycheck, as well as any retirement benefits, unemployment benefits, disability payments, child support, etc. that your spouse brings in. Add it all up. Fixed expenses. These are bills that cost the same amount every month: rent or mortgage, health insurance, car payment, etc. Total the amount. Discretionary spending. This is everything else you spend money on: groceries, entertainment, etc. The amount you spend will fluctuate from month to month. Ask yourself whether you are really using your gym membership. If you only go a couple times a month, then you can easily cancel and find cheaper ways to stay in shape.  Go running outside in the spring or summer, or join a walking club in your neighborhood.  Play tennis, basketball, or volleyball at public courts. Check how much it costs to join a community recreation center. Typically, it is much cheaper than to join a private gym. More and more people are cutting the cord. Fortunately, there are alternatives to cable TV which will allow you to keep up with your favorite TV shows. Consider the following:  Hulu lets you watch current shows soon after they are broadcast. Pay $8 a month. For $20 a month, you can get Sling TV. The basic package includes more than 25 live channels, such as CNN, ESPN, and Disney. Check out videos from your library for free. You might be paying too much for your phone. Fortunately, there are new companies entering the market every year, and they offer rock bottom prices. Do some research online to see if you can find a cheaper plan. To not get locked into a phone bill you can’t afford, you should probably avoid cell phones that have contracts. You pay other people to do all kinds of things you can do for free. Spend a weekend learning new skills that will save you money:    Change...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Elabora un presupuesto. Cancela las membresías para el gimnasio que no uses. Cancela el servicio de cable. Consigue un plan más barato para tu celular. Aprende a hacer cosas tú mismo. Considera la posibilidad de reducir el tamaño de tu vivienda. Paga tus deudas. Limita la cantidad de dinero que gastes para divertirte. Paga de inmediato tus cuentas. Solo ten una tarjeta de crédito.