Your circadian rhythms are 24 hour cycles that influence your physical and mental behaviors. In addition to controlling your natural sleep cycle, they also influence your body's hormone production, body temperature and feelings of hunger. When you wake up feeling groggy in the morning or when you wake up in the middle of the night, you have most likely disrupted your natural circadian rhythm. The different, interacting circadian rhythms in your body are ultimately all controlled by a "master clock" known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus; is located in the hypothalamus of the brain. Before you abandon your alarm clock, you need to fully understand your current sleep patterns. For at least one week, note the time when you go to sleep and the time when you wake up. Studies have shown that, as the work week progresses, many people will go to sleep at a later hour while still having to wake up at the same time, resulting in a chronic loss of sleep. You should aim to correct this naturally by always going to sleep and waking up at the same time.  Disruptions in circadian rhythms occur when your biological clock does not align with your social clock; sleep specialists have called this phenomenon social jet lag. It can lead to serious health problems such as obesity and inflammatory diseases.  The CDC recommends that adults receive 7-8 hours of sleep each night and teens receive 9-10 hours of sleep. Your circadian rhythms are partly determined by your exposure to light and darkness. If you leave for work very early in the morning before sunrise and don't see the sun again for the rest of the day, this might be disrupting your body's natural tempo for sleep.  If your work schedule forces you to leave for work and return home in the dark, try to take a brief walk outside during the day so you can be exposed to daylight.  If you cannot take a walk during work, try to work near a bright window, or spend your breaks by a window so you can get exposure to daylight.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Define tu patrón de sueño actual. Escribe en un diario del sueño. Pasa tiempo afuera.


Your clients for this type of security will primarily be businesses, not individuals. Focus on landing smaller businesses first, then work your way up the ladder to larger businesses.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Dirige tus servicios a empresas locales.


Your clothes and how you wear them say a lot about you, and will have an effect on how people perceive you. Wearing unflattering or extremely poorly-sized clothing says you don't care about how you present yourself.  The particular style is not as much a factor as how you wear it. You can wear whatever style is comfortable for you, whether it be trendy, alternative, casual or sporty, as long as it's appropriate to who you are. For example, if you're 30, and dress like you're 15, you'll look like you're trying to recapture your youth, not like you're a trendy 15-year-old. The same is true for any style—if it doesn't accurately reflect who you are, it will be seen as either clueless or fake. Neither impression will suggest "handsome" to anybody. When you're at a mall or walking down the street, take note of guys who appear to be fashionable. What things do you first notice? Women often look at shoes—a detail many guys gloss over. Because so many guys gloss over that part, taking the time to select, wear, and maintain a nice pair of shoes is a great way to boost how you're perceived. If you have absolutely no fashion sense and have the money, hiring a personal shopper can be a good initial step. They will help you identify your style, select clothes for you and then show you where to obtain these clothes on your own in the future.  If you don't have the money, have a stylish friend or relative go shopping with you for the day. Listen to them, but be aware that they may have their own style sense that's not quite your style sense. If most of the choices they're suggesting don't appeal to you, don't feel like you have to go with their suggestions. Thank them for their time, and try another personal shopper more attuned to your sense of style. Having a signature item of clothing can help you stand out and draw attention to your style. Take Steve Jobs, for example. His signature look was a black turtleneck, blue jeans, and New Balance running shoes.   Jewelry, such as a trademark ring, necklace, or watch can be...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Establece un estilo propio. Observa a los hombres que consideres que se vistan bien. Contrata a un comprador personal. Adopta piezas originales. Toma clases de voz.


Your cocker spaniel's discomfort with his ears will be obvious. For example, he will shake his head, scratch his ears, and be sensitive to touch on his head or around his ears. In addition, he may rub his ear against a piece of furniture. If his discomfort his severe, you may hear him cry out when he scratches his ears. Excessive head shaking can create a large blood clot in the ear, called an aural hematoma. Ear infections typically produce a strong, foul odor. If your cocker spaniel will let you touch his ears, lift the flap of one ear and sniff inside the ear. It won't take long for an unpleasant smell to reach your nose. An ear infected with the bacteria Pseudomonas will have a swamp/pond water smell. If your cocker spaniel will let you, look inside his ears. The ears will look red and inflamed. You may also see scaly skin. If your cocker spaniel's ears contain mites, you wouldn't be able to see them because they are so small. However, you would be able to see evidence of their irritation: dark, coffee ground-like bumps. Depending on the ear infection's cause (bacteria, yeast, ear mites), you may see discharge exiting the ears. The discharge will be one of a few colors, such as yellow or brown, and have a certain consistency. For example, discharge will be brown and crumbly with ear mites; Pseudomonas will produce a yellow/green pus. The discharge may also be waxy or contain blood.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Observa la forma en la que tu cocker spaniel se comporta. Huele las orejas de tu cocker spaniel. Revisa el interior de las orejas de tu cocker spaniel. Revisa la descarga que provenga de las orejas de tu cocker spaniel.


Your color palette shouldn't have extreme colors because this is a relaxing event. Use soothing colors like pale green, light blue and pink. Think about the services real spas have to offer, and try to choose those as activities. Recommended activities include doing pedicures, facials, manicures, french manicures, and foot massages. Do not do anything that has wax, unless there is an adult helping and all girls have gotten permission from the parents to have a wax done. The same thing applying with plucking eyebrows. If you have a friend who doesn't enjoy nail polish, plan an activity where they get their nails buffed and cut. That doesn't mean you have to spend an arm and a leg on the makeup, you can search online for deals and some cheap but still quality brands.  Once you find the brand you want, buy the colors of the rainbow, and additionally black, gray, white, gold, and silver.  Buy the lipsticks and glosses, buy different colors of lipstick, maybe a soft plush pink, a juicy light berry-looking red that's appropriate for tweens, or a sparkly lipstick.  There are many colors to choose from. Buy some blush, you can get a dusty rose, a caramel color, or a dark brown. Something that will complement the skin complexion instead of standing out. Don't forget the applicators, you can buy the disposables. Put up signs on your doors; for example, put a "Ladies Only" sign on your bathroom. On your front door, your sign could say, "Welcome to (name of your salon). Enjoy your stay!" Near your front door put a table with enough towels for your guests. Set up a sign-in sheet. Include schedule for activities, and maybe add a flower vase with flowers in it. Put relaxing music on, and light some candles. If there are constant loud noises, your guests will be annoyed.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Prepárate con suficiente anticipación para que todo esté listo y tengas actividades planificadas para tus invitadas. Dale un nombre a tu spa y piensa en una paleta de colores. Elige las actividades. Adquiere el maquillaje. Crea y decora las estaciones del spa. Explícales a tus familiares que deberán hacer menos ruido durante la fiesta.


Your compensation plan should be designed to further the future of the company and its goals. Look at the company's short term and long term goals. Is the goal to raise profits now or grow the company by accessing new markets over several years? Determine how this vision will be achieved. The compensation plan should then reflect these actions and drive employees to complete them.  For example, if you are an employee-orientated business that wants to nurture staff in order to keep them for many years, then your compensation plan should reflect this. A strong retirement plan with a generous matching system would entice employees to stay. In addition, base pay can be set at certain levels to further company goals. For example, if you wanted to attract the best talent, you could pay above-market pay to your employees. Your incentive plans (bonuses) should also be awarded in such a way that they drive the company's goals. Bonuses should be awarded to those employees that contribute to the company's growth and strategy in direct ways. For example, a salesman could be measured not on how they increase sales, but on how they increase profit. That is, how well they can create new business without spending a lot of the company's money to get it. Offering this incentive over a purely sales-based incentive plan will help in increasing profitability. The same is true for customer attraction and retention. Rewarding employees for keeping customers will result in them working to do so. Similarly, providing incentive to find new customers will achieve that end. You have several options when it comes to providing incentives. You can pay them in cash or in stock shares. You can provide then at different tiers based on achievement and other factors, or you can tie them directly to a performance metric like sales generated. Deciding which type of incentives to use will depend on your company's goals and culture.  For example, if you want to give employees more "ownership" in the company and motivate long-term work, paying them...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Determina la visión de la compañía y la manera en que la compensación y el paquete de beneficios puede reflejarla. Determina unos planes de incentivos en función de los objetivos de la compañía. Descifra cómo se pagarán los incentivos. Asegúrate de que la compensación cumpla con las leyes federales y estatales.


Your computer will need to meet or exceed the minimum system requirements in order to run Windows XP. You can find your system information by either checking the computer manufacturer's manual, or by running DirectX Diagnostic on an existing Windows operating system of the computer.  To start the DirectX Diagnostic, open the Run dialog (press WinKey+R simultaneously), type dxdiag, and click OK.  Minimum System Requirements  300 MHz Intel or AMD CPU 128 megabytes (MB) of system RAM 1.5 gigabytes (GB) of available drive space Super VGA (800x600) or higher display adapter CD or DVD-ROM Keyboard and mouse, or other pointing devices Network Interface Adapter required for Internet and Network Connectivity Sound card and speakers or headphones It is printed on a sticker on your software package or located on the computer itself. It is a string of 5 groups of characters (each 5 long), separated by dashes, resulting in 25 characters in all. You need the product key to complete installing Windows. Before inserting the CD, you'll need to set your computer to boot from a CD instead of from the hard drive. This will allow you to load the Windows XP setup files before your computer boots to its installed operating system. You can change the boot order from the BOOT menu in your BIOS.  To enter the BIOS of your computer, you usually press F9 or DEL when your computer starts or notifies you that you can enter "setup". Click the green "BIOS" link for more information.   In the BOOT menu, set the order so that your CD/DVD-ROM drive is set as the 1st Boot Device. If you are installing Windows XP from a USB drive, make sure that the USB drive is set as the 1st Boot Device. You may need to have the USB drive inserted for it to appear as an option.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Asegúrate de que la computadora pueda ejecutar Windows XP. Busca la clave del producto Windows XP. Configura la computadora para que arranque desde un CD/DVD.


Your controller may have come with an installation disk that you can use to adapt the controller to PC usage. If you do have the installation disk, follow these directions:  Insert the installation disk and wait for the Setup program screen to begin. Click "Install" once the Setup program screen is live. Wait for the Xbox 360 Accessories Setup program to install the appropriate files onto your computer. You can download the driver for the wired controller here if you don't already have the physical CD. Follow these instructions:  Select the version of Windows you are running in the dropdown menu and begin to download the program. Select "Run." Wait for the Xbox 360 Accessories Setup program to install the appropriate files onto your computer. 0 port in your computer. In order to test that the software and the Xbox controller are working together properly on your computer, follow these steps:  Go to Start → type "Run" → type "joy.cpl" → hit Enter  Navigate to the Xbox 360 controller and press Properties  Begin pressing buttons, triggers, and moving around the touchpads. The corresponding part of the controller on the computer should light up when you press down on it.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Instala el software Xbox 360 controller for Windows. Descarga el software Xbox 360 controller for Windows directamente de Microsoft si no tienes el disco físico. Luego de que el software se haya instalado, conecta el control en el puerto USB 2. Prueba si el control de tu Xbox funciona correctamente.


Your core includes your abdominal, lower back, and pelvic muscles. They’re separated from your chest muscles by your diaphragm, which helps you breathe.  In addition to protecting many vital organs inside your abdominal cavity, your core muscles are also responsible for helping you move the main portion, or trunk, of your body. Find your core muscles so you can focus on activating them when you exercise to get a flatter stomach.  Your core muscles are extremely important and should always be included as part of a well-rounded exercise routine. The core is one of the widest used sets of muscles in your body and yet, it is one of the muscle groups that many tend to forget to train regularly. Whenever you work out, focus your attention on contracting the deepest abdominal muscle you have, which is called the transversus abdominis to keep yourself stable and to active your core.  This is the same muscle that tenses when you cough, so coughing will help you locate it.  Contracting your core muscles will help you burn fat and give you a flat stomach. Remember to breathe deeply throughout each exercise whenever you work out. Lie on your back with your knees bent.  Keep your arms flat on the floor beside you so you’re in a neutral a position. Tighten your abdominal muscles, and lift your hips off of the ground.  Align your knees and shoulder, and hold yourself in this position as long as you can, squeezing your glutes and core the entire time. Lower yourself gently to the floor so you don’t injure your back or tailbone. Lie on your back and raise your feet to form a 90-degree angle with your knees and hips. Focus on your transversus abdominis and tighten all your abdominal muscles.  Raise your head and shoulders off the ground while your arms are crossed over your chest. Gently lower your head and shoulders back to the floor and repeat the motion 10-15 times.  If it helps, you can place your feet against a surface like a wall or table to stabilize them. Aim for 2 or 3 sets of 10-15 repetitions to work your ab...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Identifica tu tronco. Conoce los requisitos generales con los que deben contar la mayoría de los ejercicios enfocados en el tronco. Realiza el ejercicio del puente. Realiza ejercicios crunch para abdominales. Realiza prensas con una sola pierna para ejercitar el abdomen. Expande el ejercicio de prensa al utilizar las dos piernas. Gira el tronco. Haz ejercicios “cuadrúpedos”. Prueba el ejercicio de la plancha modificado. Realiza el ejercicio de la plancha lateral. Conviértete en Superman.


Your core values are the values and beliefs that ultimately shape every other aspect of your life. Reflecting on your core values can help give you a better sense of who you are as a person, and what you've worked toward your whole life. The easiest way to access and evaluate your core values is by reflecting on the question, "What is your most important trait/characteristic as a person?" This can help you cut through issues of self-esteem or self-doubt and get at what motivates you on a basic human level.  If you're not sure which values are your core values, think about how someone who knows you intimately (a child, a parent, or a partner) would describe you in a few words to others. Would they say that you are generous? Selfless? Honest? In this example, generosity, selflessness, and honesty might be some of your core values.  Assess whether you remain true to your core values in moments of hardship. Being in touch with your core values means always staying true to who you are and what you value as a person. Some people may not think about reflection when thinking about goals, but studies show that reflection is an important component of any goal-oriented pursuit. It can be easy for a person to get caught up in day-to-day habits and routines without ever taking the time to assess the work we have been putting in to attain our goals. But without that assessment and evaluation many people get off-track or stop pursuing the goal altogether.  Reflection is a critical part of goal pursuits precisely because many people become motivated by realizing they aren't meeting their goals. Rather than letting such a realization make you feel apathetic, it may be beneficial to change your approach to failure. Instead of feeling helpless, push yourself to prove that you can accomplish your goals.  If you're having trouble meeting your goals, consider re-thinking your goals. Research suggests that the most successful goals are S.M.A.R.T. goals: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Results-focused, and Time-bound. Just be sure...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Evalúa tus valores fundamentales. Analiza tus metas. Cambia tu manera de pensar.


Your counter may store the food processor, waffle iron, and mixing bowl, but it is unlikely that you use these items daily. Clear out some cabinet or pantry space for these large countertop appliances. Leave them in storage except for when you are using them. Put them back as soon as you finish with them. If you don’t have much cabinet space, you may have to get more creative. Put some things in a hall closet or even a bedroom closet, if you know you don’t use them often. If the top of your refrigerator is not covered by cabinets, it’s a great place for extra storage. Use it for items that you use often but not daily. Store small appliances that don’t fit in the cabinets or your spice rack that’s only for fancy dinners on top of the fridge.  The size of your fridge limits how easy it is to store things on top of it. For tall fridges, store things you only rarely need because you can pull a footstool up to it when necessary. Store items like soda or juices on top of the fridge so you can easily restock when you run out. If you are tall enough to reach, move your microwave to the top of the fridge to free up a big section of your counter. A nice big set of knives is often displayed with a knife block, but this takes up valuable counter space, too. Install a magnetic knife strip over the section of counter where you most often use the knives. The wall strip uses space that is otherwise wasted. It also clears up another small section of your counter. A visible end of the countertop is a rarely used part of the counter, but it gives you many options. A towel rack with S-hooks can hang up pots and pans or utensils. A small wooden rack can store spices, oven mitts, or extra stuff that ends up on the counter. If you screw a bar or rack into the side of the counter or cabinets, be sure the screws go into a sturdy part of the cabinet.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Pon los electrodomésticos que uses rara vez en un armario. Usa la parte superior del refrigerador como espacio de almacenamiento. Cambia la tacoma de cuchillos por una barra portacuchillos magnética. Instala un toallero al lado de la encimera.


Your country's exit code allows you to dial out of your country. It is also referred to as an “international access code or IDD (International Direct Dialling) code. Every country has a different code. If you do an online search for “<your country> exit code,” the code for your country should come up right away. Exit code examples: USA and Canada = 011, United Kingdom (and many other countries, including Argentina and New Zealand) = 00 A country code allows you to call that country from another country — Brazil's country code allows you to call Brazil from outside of Brazil. Country codes consist of one to two digits; you dial them after you've dialed your country's exit code.  So far, the numbers you would dial into your phone would be <your country's exit code> + 55: if you are in the United States or Canada, this would be 011-55. If you ever want to look up a country code, the following online search should give you immediate results: “what is <country's> country code.” An area code can be 1 to 3 digits long and will narrow your call geographically in the country you are calling. Brazil uses 2-digit area codes. Brazil has many area codes, so which one you use will depend upon which city/area you need to call. If you don't already know the area code, do an Internet search for “<city> Brazil area code.”  Brazilian area code examples include Rio de Janeiro = 21, Anapolis = 91, São Paulo = 11: if you were calling somewhere in São Paulo from the United States, the numbers you would dial so far (before the local 8-digit number) would be 011-55-11. It is likely that the area code is already included in the phone number. You might see it in brackets in front of the local number — for example (11) 5555-5555. This is the direct phone number of the residence/business you are contacting in Brazil. Brazil uses 8-digit local phone numbers. If you are unsure of the number, double check it via email/social media (for a personal contact) or through an Internet search (if it's a business, government body etc.). Before...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Consigue el código de salida de tu país. Recuerda que el código de país de Brasil es 55. Confirma que tienes el código correcto de área o ciudad. Verifica bien el número de teléfono local que deseas marcar. Anota el número completo de teléfono internacional. Marca el número de teléfono internacional completo.


Your crab may be molting if it is out of its shell and not moving. Signs of molting include general lethargy, less antennae activity, tangled and confused-looking antennae, an ashy exoskeleton, and dull eyes (like human cataracts). Your crab may remain still for long periods of time, and it may even bury itself in the sand as a safety tactic.  Smaller, quickly-growing crabs can molt every few months, while larger crabs tend to molt about once a year. Note the dates and duration every time that your crab molts; this way, you'll know what to expect. If your crab is new, or if you haven't seen it molt before, you'll need to wait it out until you're certain.  Wait several days. If there is no fishy smell, there's a good chance that your crab is molting. Molting usually lasts about two weeks, so you may need to wait some time before you are absolutely sure. Consider whether your crab has been eating a lot over the past few days. Before a molt, a crab will store extra fat and water in a small blackish "bubble" – usually on the left-hand side of the abdomen, just under the fifth pair of legs. However, do not assume that a crab is molting just because he has made a bubble. Molting crabs are vulnerable to stress and injury from other hermit crabs due to their inactivity and their soft new exoskeleton. If one of your crabs is molting, and you have other crabs in the same tank, put the molter into a temporary "isolation tank" so that it can shed in safety and privacy. It is very important that hermit crabs are not disturbed during the molting process. If you only have one tank, improvise an "isolation cell" within that tank. Cut off the ends of a 2-liter soda bottle, then sink the edges into the sand to protect the molting crab. Be sure that the top of the "isolation cell" is open so that oxygen from the surface can replenish the space.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Determina si el cangrejo está mudando de caparazón. Cerciórate si el cangrejo tiene una “burbuja de grasa”. Aísla el cangrejo que muda de caparazón de los otros cangrejos.


Your credit score is a number from 350 to 850 that represents your creditworthiness.  You can check your credit score by requesting a free copy of your score from one of the three major credit reporting agencies: Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion.   Since this is your first credit card, you may not have much of a credit history or you may not have any credit history at all. If you have a higher credit score, you may be eligible for better offers with lower interest rates and higher credit limits. Credit cards are a great way to build credit history, but if you don’t have any credit history, it is more difficult to be approved for a credit card. There are a few different ways to build credit that can make it easier to be approved for your first card.  Apply for a secured credit card. These cards require a cash deposit and people with no or little credit history can apply and be approved more easily. Use a co-signer on your credit card application. A co-signer essentially vouches for your ability to pay back your credit card debt. If you misuse your credit card and build up debt, this can negatively effect the credit score of your co-signer. Become an authorized user of someone else’s credit card. When used properly, there are benefits to opening your first credit card. However, first time users are at risk of abusing them and piling up credit card debt.  In 2015, the average American household had over $15,000 in credit card debt. Having high amounts of debt can limit your ability to get approved for loans, to own a home, and is a financial burden on yourself and your family.  When you receive your first credit card, it’s important to establish good financial habits and to avoid accumulating unnecessary debt. Setting and following a budget is a great habit to establish. Credit cards are useful because they allow you to purchase items on credit, rather than immediately taking money out of your account, but it is important to follow a budget.  Know how much you can afford to spend each month. You will need to...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Averigua tu puntaje crediticio. Construye tu historial crediticio. Comprende los riesgos. Establece tu presupuesto.


Your crush’s body language can tell you a lot about how they are feeling when you are together. More open postures like legs set wider and hands on hips indicate comfort. More closed postures, knees crossed or arms crossed over their chest indicate unease. Try to read your crush’s body language to gauge their physical comfort with you. This can help you read if a moment for an unexpected kiss is right. If your crush’s body language tells you they are feeling comfortable with you, try some physical contact, like brushing their arm or even holding hands. This can help you feel out if a kiss they aren’t anticipating will go over well or not. If you’re afraid your kiss out of the blue may be rejected by your crush, try kissing them on the cheek. If they are comfortable with that, they could be receptive to more intimate kissing from you.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Interpreta su lenguaje corporal. Trata de tomarla de las manos. Intenta besarla en la mejilla.


Your customer service policy should be tailored to the needs of your customers, and if you listen, your customers will tell you what those needs are. If you don’t have a systematic way to compile this information, develop one. The information recorded should include:  The customer’s name, address, and phone number The name of the employee receiving the complaint The date and time of the complaint and of its resolution The nature of the complaint The agreed upon solution, whether it was implemented on the spot, and if not when it was promised What steps are currently being taken The date and time of follow up to ensure the customer is satisfied Any compensation given to the customer Suggestions on how the problem can be avoided in the future In both cases, your goal should be to gather useful information rather than positive feedback. To do so:  Ask open-ended questions that lend themselves towards specific feedback, rather than focusing on rankings, which tell you little about how to address them. Ratings are less important than why you are getting those ratings. Use professional firms or online survey sites to help develop questions that are truly objective and don’t stack the deck to get you favorable results. What you need is useful feedback, not praise. Use online surveys to gather information in real time. You need to know what your customers need today, not two months ago. The best way to do this is to use a self-serve or full-service online system to gather customer feedback. Organize focus groups to talk to your employees about frequent customer issues they deal with. Also look at stats like the number of returns and return rate to determine how happy customers are with your products. Other stats to consult include:  The status of backlogs and stockouts – If your products are unavailable, you can bet your customers are less than satisfied. Internal reject rate – If the rate is high, then there is a good chance some bad products are reaching customers. Bad products mean dissatisfied customers, and the...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Establece un sistema para documentar las quejas y comentarios de los clientes. Crea encuestas y lleva a cabo grupos focales. Consulta a tus empleados y a los datos operativos. Habla con tus vendedores y proveedores de servicios. Identifica tus tres principales problemas de servicio al cliente.


Your deck might already be supported by posts, especially if it is covered. If not, you’ll need to install these so that there will be something to support the railings. Plan to evenly space posts around the perimeter of your deck, such as every 6 feet (1.8 m). Keep in mind that some posts may be larger if they're going to have a gate attached or support stair handrails. Cut 4x4s to be at least a little higher than the railing will be, plus extra length to hang below the deck planks. For instance, if you want a railing that is 36 inches (91 cm) high, cut posts that are perhaps 44 inches (110 cm) high.  Most building codes require deck railings to be between 36 inches (91 cm) and 42 inches (110 cm) high. The posts' extra height above the railing is just for looks. An inch or two higher than the railing will look nice. You'll need enough length hanging below the surface of the deck to attach the posts securely to the supports. For instance, if your deck is made of boards that are 1 inch (2.5 cm) thick and the supports are 6 inches (15 cm) high, then you'll want your posts to be long enough to hang up to 7 inches (18 cm) but at least 4 inches (10 cm) below the railing Many people like to leave about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) or so between the bottom railing and the deck boards as well, so factor this into the post height as well. Mark a line that goes several inches up the side of the bottom of each post. For instance, if you want your 4x4 posts to hang 4 inches (10 cm) over the edge of your deck, draw a line that far up the side, 2 inches (5.1 cm) from one side of the post (the midpoint of the post). Draw another line perpendicular to the first line's end. Use a saw and cut along the lines you drew to remove a section of the post that is 2 inches (5.1 cm) by 4 inches (10 cm). If you plan on finishing your deck rail, go ahead and apply the finish to the posts before installing. Brush the paint or stain on all sides of the posts and let them dry (about 24 hours). Hang the posts over the edge of the deck. Use a drill to...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Cuenta la cantidad de pilares que vas a necesitar. Mide los pilares. Corta los pilares para que tenga una pestaña. Aplica un revestimiento para el pilar. Instala los pilares.


Your dentist can set the tone for your entire visit. If she isn’t warm and inviting and tends to be Clinical, this can exacerbate any fears you might have. Finding the right doctor can significantly help you to overcome your fear of the dentist.  The best way to find a good doctor for you is to ask friends and family members. Other people aren’t likely to recommend a dentist with whom they don’t feel comfortable. You can also read reviews of dentists online or in local publications such as newspapers or magazines. Make an appointment with potential dentists to help you find the right one. Meeting and discussing your health and fears with candidates can help you feel comfortable with a specific person who can handle your dentistry concerns.  Ask dentist candidates questions and discuss your fears. Having your specific list of fears handy will help to make sure that you don’t forget anything. Make sure the dentists take you and your fears seriously. Don’t accept anyone who brushes you off, which can reinforce your fears and may indicate someone who isn’t gentle or sympathetic. Once you’ve found a dentist who makes you feel comfortable, set up a series of visits. Start with simple procedures such as teeth cleaning and move to more serious procedures such as root canals or crown fillings as you are able. This will help you build up a trusting relationship with your dentist. The more often you visit the dentist and have positive experiences, the more likely you are to maintain your oral health and get over your dental phobia.  Set up appointments at times that you are less likely to have to wait for a long time in the waiting area. Being the first patient in the morning is a good tactic.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Localiza al doctor adecuado para ti. Programa una consulta con tus candidatos a dentista. Planea visitas para procedimientos gradualmente. Si te sientes incómodo con algo, habla con tu dentista acerca de detener el procedimiento para que puedas calmarte.


Your dentist may have samples of various tongue cleaners that you can try out before making a purchase, or may be able to advise you regarding the tongue cleaner that may work best for you. Ask your dentist if you have a geographical, hairy, or coated tongue. These tongue conditions may require more frequent cleaning to prevent bad breath and bacteria growth. If you are looking for a tongue cleaner online, a website such as Amazon or a pharmacy website may have opinions from people who used the product and can provide pros and cons. You may need to take your tongue cleaner for a “test drive” before finding the one that is best for you. Once you purchase a tongue cleaner, try it out for a few months and be willing to try another model if it does not adequately meet your needs.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Consulta con el dentista. Lee las críticas de los raspadores y cepillos para la lengua. Prueba varios modelos.


Your dentist will place a rubber guard or protective gel on your gums to protect them from irritation. Then, the dentist will put peroxide gel into a custom-molded tray and place the tray on your teeth. Your dentist will put a rubber shield over your gums, apply a bleaching gel to your teeth and place you under a laser or a bright light for 30 minutes of less. The light activates the chemical in the gel and whitens your teeth more quickly than bleaching alone. Dentists usually recommend that you place a whitening product on your teeth while you are at home, so make sure that you follow your dentist's instructions to get the best results. Dental whitening treatments are expensive, but they can last up to 3 years.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Blanquéate los dientes con un profesional. Blanquea tus dientes con blanqueador láser. Dale seguimiento en casa.


Your dermatologist can do this simple procedure in their office. It will remove the outer layers of your skin to help treat your acne and improve the look of your skin. It also helps reduce acne scarring from previous breakouts.Your dermatologist will give you instructions on how to care for your skin before and after the procedure. You likely won’t be able to wear makeup immediately after your procedure, and you’ll need to stay out of the sun while your skin heals. Both over-the-counter and prescription acne products commonly cause minor redness, irritation, and itching. While it’s normal to notice these minor changes in your skin, you could have other side effects if you’re allergic to a product. Watch for the following symptoms, which might mean you’re having a reaction: Swelling in your eyes, lips, tongue, or face Difficulty breathing Tightness in your throat Feeling faint

TL;DR in Spanish:

Considera una exfoliación química para eliminar las capas externas de tu piel. Busca cuidado de emergencia para determinar los signos de una reacción alérgica a productos contra el acné.


Your design portfolio will be vital when applying to design jobs and internships, as it is your chance to market yourself and your work. Your portfolio should display your best work, and highlight your skills and creativity. Use a high-quality binder to show that you take yourself seriously as a designer. Include the following in your portfolio:  Hand-drawn sketches or photographs of these sketches Computer-drawn designs Resume Mood or concept pages Color or textile presentation pages Any other pieces that fairly reflect what you're capable of doing and evolving into.

TL;DR in Spanish:


Your dial indicator should have an attachment that you can use to secure it to a stand. The stand will stabilize your dial indicator while you take your measurements. If you do not have a stand, it is still possible to calibrate your dial indicator, but it will not be as easy. The outer dial face can be moved by twisting the rim of the dial. Spin the outer face until the hand hovers over zero. Your calibration measurements will ensure that the dial indicator does read measurements starting at zero. If you discover errors, you will be able to correct for them by readjusting the outer face so that the hand hovers over the zero point. Stop at every 1/10 measurement to calculate errors. Continue to check for errors at 1/10 measurements for the first two revolutions of your dial. For the next five revolutions, stop at every half revolution to calculate for errors, rather than at the 1/10 mark.  If your dial indicator makes more than seven revolutions, check for errors at every revolution after your reach seven.  Do not let go of the spindle because you will need to check for errors in the reverse. Follow the same error-checking procedure, but in reverse. Check the measurement at each of the same points, so for the first five revolutions you will stop at the half revolution to measure. Then check the measurement at the 1/10 marks for the remaining two revolutions. Displace the spindle five times using the same surface. Move the spindle quickly for some measurements and slowly for others. Write down each of the five measurements to check for deviations. Because you’re measuring the same surface repeatedly, each measurement should come out the same if your dial indicator is ready to use. If your dial indicator is showing errors, adjust the outer face and clean the spindle. Dust can accumulate on the spindle and cause issues with taking measurements. Repeat the calibration process until there are no errors.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Monta el indicador de dial en un soporte. Mueve la cara externa del dial hasta que la manecilla apunte a 0. Empieza a desplazar el husillo. Comprueba si hay errores a mitad de las revoluciones. Empieza a invertir las revoluciones. Toma cinco medidas del mismo artículo.


Your diary doesn't have to have a specific purpose, and you can decide daily what you want to write or draw in it. However, if you find yourself not writing as often as you'd like, it can help to have specific diaries. It can be overwhelming simply trying to sit down and write about your life each day.  For example, you might want to keep a travel diary logging all the trips that you go on, and write down what you do on those trips.  Also, if you have a hobby, like cooking or dancing, you might want to keep a diary related to achievements and things you've learned in your hobby. If you like to write poetry or stories, you might want a diary in which you write a poem every day. You could keep a diary in which you simply logged everything you did each day. Thankfulness diaries help you keep track of all the things you're thankful for. You can also keep a diary of all the bad things in your life, just to rid yourself of those thoughts. You'll be more likely to stick with writing in your diary, if you do it every day or on a regular basis. The best way to find new inspiration is to simply sit down and write on a schedule. Pick a time that you enjoy sitting down to write. Don't plan to write in your diary every morning if you hate getting up in the mornings.  Write something. Even if you don't feel like writing in your diary one day, just write down a few sentences. Allow yourself to be brief if you don't have a lot to say. It's better to write something than to write nothing at all. Unless you want to hide it in a special place, keep your diary somewhere that you'll see it every day. That way, you'll be reminded to write. If you're stuck for inspiration on what to write, try some of these writing prompts. Choose ones that interest you, and write about them. Some prompts include:  “If I had three wishes I would...” "If you had a million dollars, how would you spend it?” "Describe your ideal adventure." "If I were an animal, I would be a..." "My most prized possession is..." "What are your pet peeves?" "If you...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Encuentra un propósito nuevo para tu diario. Crea una rutina de escritura. Usa sugerencias de escritura. Escribe listas. Escribe acerca de tu vida. Imita la buena escritura. Escribe tus citas o letras de canciones favoritas. Practica la escritura libre en tu diario. Escribe acerca de tus amigos y familiares. Escribe acerca de una experiencia de temor o vergüenza. Escribe acerca del diario en sí.


Your discomfort might be completely obvious to you, but if you haven't told them, chances are your neighbors don't even know they're being a bother. While you're sitting there stewing and getting ready to boil over, they're just going about their daily life. Don't assume that they're being intentionally rude. Just knock on the door, introduce yourself, and let them know what the issue is.  Ask nicely, but make your point. Ask for exactly what you want instead of being vague and keeping them guessing. It's not fair to expect them to be able to read your mind and know your limits – you need to tell them what you want. Be willing to compromise. While you might be happy to never again have to hear the teenage son practicing tuba, it's probably not practical to ask your neighbors to soundproof their garage. Use a complaint that they'll be more sympathetic to, such as the noise keeping you up after your bedtime. You'll have more success if you approach the neighbors with a problem and a willingness to talk about possible solutions, instead of charging in and demanding specific behavior. If you have difficulty reaching your neighbors, you can leave a note or email expressing your wishes. However, this can be risky, because the notes are easily misinterpreted as passive-aggressive messages. That said, if you can't get hold of your neighbors in person, sometimes leaving a note is the best option. Most people will feel a little embarrassed and immediately change their behavior to accommodate you.  Make sure the note is friendly in tone. Tell your neighbor that you'd like to find a solution that works for everyone. If you're comfortable putting your phone number in the note and encouraging your neighbor to call you, do so. That way if your neighbor has any questions you can get them cleared up right away. Don't give your neighbors a laundry list of problems you want them to address – it won't go over well. Figure out what you can live with and what must change, and only present your neighbors with problems that are...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Habla con tus vecinos para que sepan lo que está sucediendo. Solo comunícate de manera escrita si es absolutamente necesario. Elige tus batallas. Ofrece tu ayuda. Hazle un seguimiento a la situación. Busca la ayuda de tus otros vecinos.


Your doctor can prescribe medication, such as high-dose NSAIDS or opioids, for short-term pain relief. Do not use opioids long-term, as they can be addicting. Follow your doctor’s instructions on dosage and never take more than the recommended amount.  Your doctor can tell you how long you can take opioids to treat your spinal condition. They may gradually reduce your dosage over time, depending on how you are feeling. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatories can help manage day-to-day pain. Discuss which medication is right for your condition with your doctor. Due to certain risk factors, not everyone is a candidate for pain medication. Your doctor can give you steroid injections in your spine to help reduce irritation and swelling. They will inject spots on your spine that are being pinched due to your spinal stenosis. These injections can be done in your doctor’s office and provide temporary pain relief. Over time, steroid injections can weaken your bones and connective tissue. They should only be given a few times a year at most. Chronic pain caused by your spinal condition can be treated with nightly doses of antidepressants like amitriptyline. Your doctor may also prescribe anti-seizure drugs like gabapentin and pregabalin to reduce your pain.  Always follow your doctor’s instructions on dosage. Do not exceed the recommended amount. This medication can be addicting so you should only use it as a temporary solution for managing your pain. Your doctor will outline how long you can be on these medications and will reduce your dosage over time. Surgery for spinal stenosis is usually done if other options are not working or your condition has become severe. Ask your primary care doctor for recommendations on a surgeon. Make sure you are have a consultation with the surgeon before the surgery so you are aware of your options. You should feel you can trust the surgeon and their team, as spinal surgery can be very invasive. Most spinal surgeries result in fewer complications when they are performed by a skilled,...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Pídele al doctor que te brinde medicamentos para el dolor de venta con receta. Recibe inyecciones de esteroides. Conversa con el doctor sobre los antidepresivos y los anticonvulsivos. Busca a un cirujano con experiencia en cirugías de columna. Averigua sobre los riesgos de la cirugía. Sométete a una laminectomía o una laminotomía para aliviar la presión en los nervios de la columna. Contempla la opción de realizarte una fusión espinal para estabilizar la columna. Recupérate por un periodo de varios meses a un año luego de la cirugía.


Your doctor can tell if you have conditions that may make the fast harmful. Another alternative is to make an appointment with a practitioner of alternative medicine to get a personalized detox and cleansing program. In any case, unless you've done this before and are an old pro at fasting, it's a good idea to talk things over with an expert before you begin.  If your doctor decides it's not a good idea for you to do an extreme fast, such as a liquid-only fast, you can still cleanse your body by taking a break from certain types of foods. For example, you could stop eating sugar for a certain amount of time. That way you'll be able to keep your energy up while still getting the benefits of giving your digestive system a break. Don't plan to fast as a way to lose weight. Fasting may cause weight loss, but when you start eating regular meals again, you'll gain it back. "Yo-yoing" in this way intentionally can a negative effect on your health. There are a number of recommendations available online and in books. Some call for liquids and juice alone, while others allow for a dinner of brown rice, steamed vegetables, or other light food. Many call for juice recipes that use specific ingredients and supplements.  If this is your first time fasting, consider doing a raw food cleanse. You'll essentially be abstaining from all cooked foods, leaving you free to consume raw fruits, vegetables, and nuts, along with plenty of water.   Doing a juice fast is another good way to cleanse your system without giving it too much of a shock. You'll want your juices to contain both fruit and vegetable juice, rather than pure fruit juice, which contains too much sugar to be a healthy option.  For most healthy people, it's fine to completely abstain from eating for a limited period (typically up to 3 days) with your doctor's approval. However, fasting for long periods of time may be dangerous if you have certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, heart problems, an eating disorder, or pregnancy. Before doing a long water or...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Consulta con tu doctor antes de empezar un ayuno para limpiar el intestino grueso. Elige un plan de ayuno. Compra los alimentos y suministros que necesitas para el ayuno. Prepara tu cocina. Considera eliminar ciertos alimentos poco a poco.


Your doctor knows your medical history and can discuss your options based on your particular situation. Pharmacists are experts in medication and chemistry and can discuss over-the-counter options for pain relief.  Always contact your doctor or pharmacist before using any medication for non-approved purposes, even if it seems safe. Be sure to keep all of the safety and information documents that come with your purchase, so that you can check for side effects and dosages. Milk of Magnesia may provide some pain relief if you apply some to your canker sore a few times a day, as needed. You can also try holding the Milk of Magnesia or Maalox in your mouth to wash and coat the sore for some relief of swelling and inflammation. You can also try brushing your teeth using a soft brush and toothpaste free of foaming agents, such as Biotene or Sensodyne. ProNamel. This numbing medication is sometimes used to ease the pain when a baby is teething, though the FDA now recommends against it. If you follow the dosages correctly, however, you can also use the gel on a canker sore to numb the pain.  During application to your mouth or gums, avoid swallowing the medication. After application, you should avoid eating for an hour. There is a risk for a rare but life-threatening side effect of this kind of medication called methemoglobinemia. This condition reduces the amount of oxygen in your blood stream to dangerously low levels. These drug ingredients have been approved for pain relief and may help ease your pain quickly. They may even help with healing, if applied soon after the appearance of a mouth ulcer.  Benzocaine-containing products numb the area temporarily, easing discomfort. Fluocinonide is an anti-inflammatory that may help with pain relief as the inflammation is reduced. Hydrogen peroxide, as an ingredient in medicine, works as an antimicrobial agent, preventing infection and promoting healing, although it should never be used alone. Contact your doctor if you’re having trouble brushing your teeth or eating...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Pide sugerencias a un médico o farmacéutico. Aplica leche de magnesia directamente sobre la llaga bucal. Prueba la benzocaína. Aplica un medicamento aprobado de venta libre que contenga ingredientes que alivien el dolor. Pregunta a un médico sobre un enjuague bucal recetado para curar la úlcera. Pide al médico un medicamento más poderoso si tienes muchas úlceras. Habla con el médico sobre una cauterización de la úlcera.


Your doctor may give you an intravenous antibiotic or instruct you to take antibiotics orally as part of your treatment. You may also be administered medications to regulate your blood sugar since blood sugar regulation and short term glycemic control improve long term outcomes when it comes to healing and preventing infection. Follow your doctor’s instructions for taking antibiotics and any other medications that your doctor prescribes to help treat your gangrene.  If you have side effects or feel like you do not need the medication anymore, call your doctor before discontinuing them. Do not stop taking antibiotics until you have taken the entire prescription. Otherwise, they may not be effective and the infection may be harder to treat in the future. Wounds with devitalized tissue, contamination, or residual suture need debridement before any other work is completed. Irrigation is important in removing the bacterial load and removing loose material.  In surgical debridement, a scalpel or scissors is used to remove devitalized tissue or unwanted debris. Enzymatic debridement involves applying various enzymatic agents to the wound. Sometimes oxygen therapy may be used to help promote healing of damaged tissues. For this treatment, you will be placed in a special chamber that is filled with oxygen. The concentration of oxygen will be much higher in this chamber than in the normal environment, which is thought to help you heal faster and more effectively.  Oxygen therapy may assist in wound healing and help to reduce the amount of tissue that needs to be amputated.  Oxygen therapy has also been found to be extremely useful in surgical wound infections involving the Clostridium species that cause “gas gangrene,” which is a form of gangrene that develops inside the body. Biologic therapy such as maggot therapy has been used to treat ulcers, chronic venous ulcers, diabetic ulcers, and other acute and chronic wounds. Recombinant human growth factors are now being examined as potential treatments for wound...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Toma antibióticos y otros medicamentos recetados. Permite que el médico te realice un desbridamiento e irrigación de la herida. Prueba la oxigenoterapia. Considera otras terapias. Evalúa con el médico la posibilidad de la amputación. Trata la enfermedad que hace que la gangrena se desarrolle.


Your doctor may have suggestions for increasing the likelihood of having a baby boy. Meet with them in the months or weeks prior to trying to conceive. They may suggest everything from IVF to pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). There is evidence that woman who use in-vitro fertilization have a higher rate of conceiving baby boys. IVF can also allow the doctor to use the assisted reproduction technique of ICSI, which singles out which sperm fertilizes which IVF egg. If you really want only a baby boy, use IVF to ensure this. Recognize that IVF is a costly and invasive procedure. Many insurance companies don’t cover it. It also has relatively low success rates for pregnancy. Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, or PGD, was originally designed to identify embryonic diseases like sickle cell anemia and cystic fibrosis in embryos created through IVF. Some people also use it to select the sex of a baby. Using PGD to screen for sex or other physical features raises an ethical concerns, and you should talk to your doctor and partner about whether this is an option you want to try to have a baby boy. Keep in mind that you’ll have to go through IVF to do PGD. This can be time-consuming, costly, and take an emotional toll. If your heart is set on a baby boy but haven't been able to conceive one yourself, adoption may be the right choice for you. Not only will you fulfill your dream of having a boy, but you can also enrich the life of a little boy who may be in a foster care or other system. Be aware that adoptions can be costly, so meeting with a case manager before you decide on this option can help you better understand what to expect.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Conversa con el doctor sobre tus opciones. Sométete a una fertilización in vitro. Ten en cuenta la opción de recurrir a un DGP. Adopta a un niño pequeño.


Your doctor may prescribe a combination of megestrol acetate (Megace), corticosteroids and anti-anxiety drugs to reduce your weight loss and prevent muscle loss. The dosage of each may need to be adjusted through the course of your treatment, depending on your condition. Other medications that may be considered include Oxandrolone or Dronabinol. Oxandrolone is an anabolic steroid used to encourage weight gain after a trauma by promoting the building of muscle tissue. Dronabinol is used to treat anorexia, nausea, and vomiting in patients who are undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy to treat cancer. Sometimes your lack of appetite or weight loss is caused by another treatable condition, such as depression, pain, or anxiety. Your physician can help with medication or recommendations for behavioral therapy which will reduce your depression or anxiety and increase your appetite. Before you start your first treatment, make sure you have lots of pre-cooked foods and snacks you know you enjoy already prepared. Stock your pantry and fill your freezer. You should also ask friends and family to help you with shopping, cooking, and cleaning while you're feeling badly. Planning ahead for eating will make it easier to focus on treatment plans and regaining your strength. Talk with your healthcare team about measures you should be taking to prevent constipation. Avoid trying to eat a few large meals each day, as this can make you feel nauseous. Instead, eat as much of a meal as you can whenever you feel the hungriest during the day. Throughout the day you should have snacks every few hours, without waiting until you feel hungry. Pack things like trail mix or protein shakes to make up the difference in calories if you can't eat a full meal. Drink most of your fluids between meals and/or snacks instead of with them. Fluids will fill your stomach and make you feel like you are full but without having consumed enough calories, so it’s best to drink fluids when you aren’t eating. If you find that eating solid foods is...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Toma medicamentos. Ten tus comidas y bocadillos listos para comer. Cambia tu forma de comer. Sustituye los alimentos sólidos con alimentos líquidos. Consume más calorías y proteínas. Toma suplementos de aceite de pescado.


Your doctor may recommend a surgical procedure to manage your stress urinary incontinence.  These interventions are designed to improve closure of the sphincter or support the neck of the bladder.  Surgery should always be the last course of action. Only use surgery if Kegel exercises, lifestyle changes, and other medical interventions do not work for you.  Talk to your doctor to determine if you are a good candidate for any of these procedures and to discuss any associated risks. This is the most common type of surgical procedure you can get to avoid a leaky bladder while running.  In this procedure, a doctor will use some of your own tissue (or, occasionally, animal or artificial tissue) to create a small “hammock” below your bladder.  The extra support will give you more control over your bladder’s function, and reduce leakage during running. In this process, gels or other synthetic bulking agents are injected into the urethra to help you regain control over your ability to close your sphincter.  This is not a permanent solution, but it is relatively noninvasive, making it a preferred course of treatment for many women.  You may need two or three injections in order to produce the desired effect.  Each procedure lasts about 30 minutes. This procedure is best for women who suffer from intrinsic bladder deficiency, a subtype of stress urinary incontinence. Bulking will probably not be effective if your bladder neck is dropping or not well supported, or if you simply have an overactive bladder.  Talk to your doctor to determine if you are a good candidate for this procedure. You will not be able to eat or drink anything for 6 to 12 hours before the procedure. This procedure offers extra lift and support to your bladder neck and urethra. This procedure may be done laparoscopically or by abdominal incision.  A surgeon will sutures the support tissues of your bladder neck, vagina, and urethra to ligaments or bones in your pelvis.  You’ll need anesthesia before getting the surgery. This procedure is typically...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Discute las opciones con tu médico. Sométete a un procedimiento de cabestrillo. Considera los agentes volumétricos inyectables. Prueba una colposuspención retropúbica.


Your doctor may recommend one of several prescription-strength substances to apply to the affected skin.  These shampoos and creams may include: hydrocortisone, fluocinolone, or desonide. They are easy to apply and effective for seborrheic dermatitis, but extended use for months can lead to thinning skin or streaking. Desonide (or sometimes DesOwen) is a corticosteroid applied to the scalp or skin. Your doctor may simply add the scalp medicine to your existing routine, but follow their advice precisely. For example you may have a shampoo with ketoconazole that you already are using regularly. But your doctor may then add a medicated scalp product such as clobetasol (Temovate) for you to apply twice a week. Sometimes your doctor may prescribe an antifungal medication to fight condition from the inside.  A prescription used for this situation is sometimes terbinafine (Lamisil). This is not a common recommendation because of the higher risk of side effects from the drug including liver problems and allergic reactions. These are higher risk medicines that alter the skin's immune defense system to reduce allergic reactions that cause irritation.  Your doctor may prescribe creams, topical lotions, or similar medicines that contain a class of drugs called calcineurin inhibitors. They are usually tacrolimus (Protopic) and pimecrolimus (Elidel). These topical drugs may be at least as effective as corticosteroids, and with fewer side effects. They do have an increased risk of cancer, higher purchase cost, and can't be used by someone with an already weakened immune system. Your doctor may prescribe one of these until you see your condition improving. Your doctor's prescription may include metronidazole (MetroLotion, Metrogel) to use once or twice a day.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Aplica cremas, champús o ungüentos que controlen la inflamación con medicamentos. Aplica un producto medicado para el cuero cabelludo junto con un champú antimicótico. Toma pastillas. Consume fármacos que afectan el sistema inmunitario. Aplica cremas y geles antibacterianos.


Your doctor may recommend that you wear a sling to help keep your arm immobile for a time. You may need to wear the sling for a couple of weeks until the sprain heals. A sling will immobilize your elbow at a right-angle and hold it next to your body. If you have a more serious sprain, your doctor may recommend a cast or splint instead of a sling. These solutions will keep the elbow even more immobile than a sling, and you may need to wear 1 of them for up to 3 weeks. If you're an athlete, you may decide to keep using your elbow, even against doctor's wishes. If you do, you can stabilize your elbow using medical/athletic tape to help prevent overextension again. Have your doctor show you the best way to tape your arm to keep it immobile.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Usa un cabestrillo para el esguince. Pregunta acerca de los yesos si tuvieras un esguince más grave. Prueba ponerte cinta en el codo si tienes que estar más activo.


Your doctor or an oncologist (cancer specialist) will likely order a series of blood tests once you present with any or all of the above-mentioned symptoms. Several types of blood tests are useful to help diagnose pancreatic cancer and rule out other causes of abdominal symptoms, such as: complete blood count, liver function tests, serum bilirubin, kidney function test and looking for various tumor markers.  Tumor markers are substances that can sometimes be found in the bloodstream of a cancer patient. Two that are related to pancreatic cancer are called CA 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). These tumor markers are not elevated in all people with pancreatic cancer and some who don’t have any cancer might have higher levels for some other reason, so they are not really accurate indicators but are relatively cheap and non-invasive so are helpful in determining whether or not to test further. Looking at hormone levels is useful as some (such as chromogranin A, C-peptide and serotonin) are often elevated in people with pancreatic cancer. Once in the hands of an oncologist who strongly suspects pancreatic cancer (based on telltale symptoms and blood tests), a number of imaging tests will be performed. Common diagnostic tests include: a CT scan and/or an MRI of the abdomen, endoscopic ultrasound of the pancreas and endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP). Once a test strongly suggests cancer, more detailed tests are done to see if the cancer has spread — this methodology is called staging.  An endoscopic ultrasound uses a device to take images of your pancreas gland from inside your abdomen. The endoscope is sent down through your esophagus and into your stomach to take the images.  An ERCP uses an endoscope to inject dye into your pancreas, then an abdominal x-ray is taken to highlight the bile ducts and other parts of the gland.. Once a number of tests have seemingly confirmed a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, a final procedure to be completely sure and to determine which cells are most...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Hazte todas las pruebas de sangre apropiadas. Asegúrate de hacerte todas las pruebas de imágenes fundamentales. Considera una biopsia para confirmar el diagnóstico.


Your doctor or other medical professional can accurately measure your blood oxygen level using advanced techniques and equipment. You may need to have your blood oxygen level tested prior to surgery or other medical procedures, or if you have certain conditions, such as:  Sleep apnea A heart attack or congestive heart failure Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Anemia Lung cancer Asthma Pneumonia Cystic fibrosis A current or possible need for mechanical ventilation to support your breathing While the arterial blood gas test is common and quite safe, you will still want to prepare for the procedure. Talk to your doctor to make sure you understand the test, and ask questions any questions you may have about it. You can also help by letting your doctor know if:  You have or have had bleeding problems You take blood thinners, such as aspirin or warfarin (Coumadin) You are taking any medications You have any known allergies to medications or anesthetics The arterial blood gas test is a routine procedure, and there is little chance of serious issues developing as a result of it. Potential minor risks include:  A small bruise at the site where blood is drawn from the artery. Keeping pressure on the site for at least ten minutes after the needle is removed will lower the chances of bruising. Feelings of lightheadedness, dizziness, or nausea while blood is being drawn from your artery. Prolonged bleeding. This is a potential risk if you have a bleeding disorder or are taking blood-thinning medicines such as aspirin or warfarin. A blocked artery. If the needle damages a nerve or artery, it may cause the artery to become blocked. This is a rare problem. To measure blood oxygen with this method, blood must be drawn from an artery. Usually, one in your wrist (the radial artery) is chosen, although blood can also be drawn from an artery in your groin (the femoral artery) or from your arm above the elbow (the brachial artery). A needle will be used to draw the blood for the sample.  You will be able to sit for the...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Comunícate con un profesional de la salud para hacerte una prueba de gasometría arterial. Prepárate para el procedimiento. Conoce los riesgos. Deja que un profesional de salud escoja el lugar para el examen. Deja que un profesional de salud tome una muestra de sangre. Sigue las instrucciones después del procedimiento. Envía la muestra de sangre a un laboratorio. Interpreta los resultados.


Your doctor or pediatrician can tell you if your child has Down syndrome once they are born, but if you want to know beforehand, ask about the various types of screening tests. Prenatal screening tests can show if there is an increased likelihood your unborn baby has Down syndrome, but they are not a perfect estimate.  If a prenatal screening test shows an increased likelihood your baby has Down syndrome, then your doctor will recommend a diagnostic test to be more certain. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that all women (regardless of age) get screening tests for Down syndrome. There are different screening tests related to how far along you are in your pregnancy and include: the first trimester combined test, the integrated screening test and the cell-free fetal DNA analysis. The first trimester combined test is done within the first 3 months of pregnancy and involves two steps: a blood test and an ultrasound exam. The blood test measures levels of PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A) and HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) hormone being produced in your body. (HCG). In addition, a painless ultrasound exam is used on your abdomen to measure an area on the back of the fetus's neck called the nuchal translucency.  Abnormal levels of PAPP-A and HCG typically indicate something unusual with your baby, but not necessarily Down syndrome. The nuchal translucency screening test measures the amount of fluid that's collected there. Abnormally high amounts of fluid usually indicates a genetic disability, but not just Down syndrome. Your doctor will consider your age (older equals higher risk), the results of the blood test, and the ultrasound images to decide if it's likely your fetus has Down syndrome. Just keep in mind that these types of tests are not done in every instance of pregnancy. However, if you are over 35, then you are at higher risk of having a baby with Down syndrome and your doctor may recommend testing. The integrated screening test is done during the first...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Ve a tu médico mientras estás embarazada. Hazte la prueba combinada del primer trimestre. Pregunta acerca de la prueba de detección integrada. Considera la posibilidad de realizarte la prueba de ADN fetal libre.


Your doctor should be able to recommend a diet more specific to your needs, as there is no single perfect diet for people with high blood sugar or diabetes. However, if you have high blood sugar, it is usually a good idea to lower the amount of meat, dairy, white bread, white rice, potatoes, and sugary foods you consume. These foods and other foods high in fiber and moderate in fat are recommended for people with high blood sugar. Whole grains may not be appropriate for every person with high blood sugar, so consult your doctor before making them a major part of your diet.  Fresh apples, dried apricots, or peaches canned in juice or water are good choices. Avoid canned or frozen fruits that have added sugar.  At least 3 cups (700mL) of raw vegetables or 1.5 cups (350mL) cooked vegetables every day are recommended. Try artichokes, cucumbers, or salad greens. Fresh vegetables are better than frozen or canned ones, which sometimes have added sodium.  Oatmeal and barley are especially good whole grain options for most people with high blood sugar.  Note that eating too many carbohydrates can increase your blood sugar and cause obesity. If you are not certain whether a food is harmful, ask a doctor or look up the food on a glycemic index, which gives a rough idea of its effect on blood sugar (but not its overall healthiness). "High glycemic" foods with a Glycemic Index rating of 70 or above should be avoided if you have high blood sugar. Replace these with "low glycemic" foods (GI rating 55 or below), such as the foods recommended above. Foods with a rating between 55 and 70 have a "medium" rating, and can be eaten in low to moderate amounts depending on your needs. If you use these substances daily or imbibe them in large quantities, you could be seriously affecting your body's ability to produce insulin, which breaks down sugar in your bloodstream. If you are trying to quit smoking, realize that products containing nicotine may cause similar effects. Nicotine patches or gum may be used as a temporary...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Reduce tu consumo de dulces, productos de origen animal y carbohidratos refinados. Come más frutas, verduras y granos enteros. Investiga sobre los alimentos de los cuales no estás seguro. Reduce tu consumo de tabaco y alcohol. Desconfía de ciertas afirmaciones sobre las propiedades de los alimentos.


Your doctor should discuss pain relief options with you. A common treatment includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), but your doctor may prescribe opioids or local anesthesia instead.  If your doctor prescribes opioids, use them with care because they can be addictive. Your pain should improve in three days, so talk to your doctor if it doesn’t.  You can also use ice packs to help with your pain. Apply the ice packs for ten minutes at a time. While you’ll be in pain and will likely want to stay in bed, it’s important that you stand up and try to walk the day after you have hip surgery, unless your doctor instructs you otherwise. In most cases, members of your care team will come to help you with your initial recovery walks.  Make sure that you have help from someone or have access to a walker. Regular movement also prevents blood clots, pneumonia and bedsores from occurring, all of which are common complications after hip surgery. Walking after your hip fracture will be difficult, so use support. Your doctor or physical therapist can recommend the best option for meeting your needs. Recovery can take up to a year, so don’t push yourself too far too fast.  Learning to walk again may take up to three months. The majority of people who have a hip fracture regain most of their mobility after recovery. If you’re planning to return home soon after surgery, arrange to have a nurse, friend, or family member help you around your home until you are able to regain more of your mobility. At first, you will struggle with cooking, cleaning, and caring for yourself.  You may need to spend time in a rehabilitation facility right after surgery. While you may be unhappy about moving to a care facility, it will help you recover.  You will likely be in the hospital for 2-7 days.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Controla el dolor. Empieza a caminar un poco al día siguiente de la cirugía. Usa un bastón, un andador o unas muletas. Organízate para tener ayuda en tu casa.


Your doctor will attach a device with a stimulating chemical and an electrode to your forearm or your thigh. They will then collect sweat on a piece of filter paper or gauze for testing.  Newborn babies cannot be tested for cystic fibrosis using a sweat test until they are at least 3-4 weeks old. Do not apply any lotions or creams for 24 hours before the sweat test. If you have a chloride concentration of 60 mmol/L, you likely have cystic fibrosis. Your sweat test may also be marked “abnormal” if your doctor suspects you have cystic fibrosis. If your sweat sample comes back abnormal, your doctor will perform it again. If your second test results come back abnormal, they will confirm you have cystic fibrosis. If your second test does not come back abnormal, they may perform a blood test or a sweat test to confirm your diagnosis.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Pide al médico que realice una prueba de sudor. Pide que analicen la muestra de sudor para ver ti si tiene una concentración alta de cloruro. Hazte la prueba del sudor dos veces para confirmar el diagnóstico.


Your doctor will discuss your symptoms, if any, as well as any environmental concerns about your home. They will also offer advice about appropriate next steps, like a vaporizer or humidifier.  Sufferers of acute (short-term) respiratory illnesses, such as cold, flu, or bronchitis, might find temporary relief of symptoms while using a vaporizer.  Those with chronic respiratory diseases may find a vaporizer useful, though your healthcare provider may recommend more specialized devices. Vaporizers may also be useful in homes with very dry air or in very cold/dry climates, as they add moisture to the air for greater general comfort. Be sure to ask your doctor about potential side effects of steam use, such as increased bacterial growth or other problems with humid air. The two devices work in similar fashion, but offer slightly different benefits for your health and home environment. You'll need to consider for whom and for what purpose you're purchasing one of these devices.  Warm steam vaporizers use heat to turn water into steam to add moisture to the environment. Cool mist humidifiers emit a light mist of cool water into the air, also adding moisture. Note that the American Academy of Pediatrics strongly advises against using steam vaporizers in children’s rooms. Determining in which room you will place the device will help you to decide on the device type and size you will purchase.  If the vaporizer is for a child, make sure you have space in his/her room that will keep the machine out of reach. If you're purchasing the vaporizer to improve the atmosphere in your home in general, choose which room will mostly likely offer the most benefit for you and your family. Taking some time to read the package information and, possibly, looking at the actual vaporizer, will help you make a more informed decision about your health and comfort.  Consider the amount of space that you have to keep and store the vaporizer. Larger varieties may be difficult to keep out of the reach of children, although smaller machines...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Indícale tus necesidades a un doctor. Si te preocupa la seguridad, puedes emplear un humidificador de vapor frío, en lugar de uno de vapor caliente. Analiza las necesidades de tu casa. Revisa los diversos tipos de vaporizadores.


Your doctor will have to order the blood panel (lipid profile or lipoprotein profile) needed to test your LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels—the three components that combine to form a complete cholesterol reading.  LDL refers to low-density lipoprotein, and it is actually a combination reading of LDLs and VLDLs (very low-density lipoproteins). Over time, LDLs form a plaque buildup in your arteries, narrowing them and increasing your risk of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular complications. They are often referred to as “bad” cholesterol. HDL refers to high-density lipoprotein. HDLs transport cholesterol in the bloodstream back to the liver and reduce the amount of cholesterol in your blood. This is why they are commonly called “good” cholesterol. Triglycerides are another form of fat molecule found in your blood that can contribute to the narrowing and hardening of your arteries. Like LDLs, high levels of triglycerides can increase your risk for cardiovascular diseases and complications. For an accurate reading of the various components, you'll need to fast for nine to twelve hours before you have blood drawn. This is because an accurate reading requires minimum values that haven't been elevated by a meal. You can still drink water the entire time before fasting. The lab will have to run the proper tests on your blood sample before returning the results. Your doctor will typically ask you to schedule a follow-up appointment a week after you've had your blood drawn to go over your results.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Visita a tu médico. Ayuna antes de la extracción. Espera los resultados.


Your doctor will make an initial assessment of your condition by gathering information about your past and present health history. Significant factors that can indicate lung hyperinflation are:  A family history of lung conditions, like lung cancer, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Present habits, like vigorous exercise or smoking Living environment, such as living in a polluted city or with a smoker Active medical conditions like asthma or mental health conditions like chronic anxiety A chest x-ray  generates an image of the lungs, air passages, the heart, blood vessels, and the bones of your chest and spine. A chest x-ray can be used to gauge whether lungs are hyperinflated.  An x-ray can show fluid and air around the lungs, signifying an underlying problem like COPD or cancer. This can be the cause of lung hyperinflation and the sooner you get the disease diagnosed the better.  Lung hyperinflation is present when the x-ray shows the front of the fifth or sixth rib meeting the middle of your diaphragm. More than six front ribs touching your diaphragm is consistent with hyperinflation. CT scans are an imaging method that uses x-rays to produce a three-dimensional representation of the body.The pictures generated by the machine illustrate the scope of lung damage and hyperinflation.  A CT scan can show an increase in lung size and may even show air trapped in one or both lungs. Trapped air usually appears as black on an x-ray screen. A special dye is sometimes used in CT scans to highlight the areas x-rayed. This is usually given by mouth, by enema, or by injection but is fairly rare for a CT scan focusing on the chest. During the scan, you'll have to wear a hospital gown and remove any items, like jewelry and eyeglasses, that may interfere with the scan.  During a CT scan, you'll lie on a motorized table and your body will be inserted into a donut-shaped machine. A technologist will communicate with you from another room. He or she may ask you to hold your breath at certain points during the...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Permite al doctor que evalúe tu historial médico y que realice una examinación física. Hazte una radiografía de tórax. Hazte una tomografía computarizada (TC). Hazte pruebas de función pulmonar.


Your doctor will more than likely be able to make a quick diagnosis just by looking at your cold sore. There are a number of antiviral medicines available that your doctor can prescribe that will have you on your way to being cold sore free within 7-10 days.  For example, your doctor might prescribe a Penciclovir or Acyclovir cream or tablets to help relieve pain and speed up the healing process. It's best to start using the treatment as soon as you feel the early symptoms of a nose sore. Most prescription medications used to heal nose sores are common treatments that can be taken with your other medications. Always tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking other prescriptions so they can advise of any potential side effects. Dampen a clean rag or small washcloth with cold water and place it in your freezer for 5-10 minutes. The longer it's left in, the colder it will be. Place the compress on the affected area for 5-10 minutes at a time and repeat as often as needed to relieve redness and temporarily reduce pain. There are a wide variety of topical creams available for cold sore pain and treatment. The active ingredient in most of these options is usually alcohol or another type of drying agent that can help speed up the healing process. You can dab the cream onto your sores up to 5 times a day to relieve pain and prevent drying.  Make sure you dab the cream; don't rub it into your sore. For example, you can buy Abreva over-the-counter to treat your cold sores. If you’re unsure which option is best for you, check with a pharmacist or pharmacy technician for a recommendation. If your cold sore is especially bothersome because it’s causing you discomfort or pain, a cream with these active ingredients may offer some relief. If you are using a different over-the-counter cream, check the label for potential drug interactions. Most cold sore creams will already include lidocaine or benzocaine and an additional cream for pain-relief may not be needed. Keep in mind that with all alternative medicine, there is...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Trata el dolor de nariz con medicamentos recetados. Aplica una compresa fría o hielo para aliviar el dolor y reducir la hinchazón. Prueba un medicamento tópico de venta libre para las llagas. Compra una crema para aliviar el dolor que contenga lidocaína o benzocaína. Intenta usar una variedad de remedios caseros.


Your doctor will most likely want to test your urine, although he or she will also check for other abnormalities, like pain in the kidneys or bladder. The urine sample will help your doctor find the underlying cause of the blood in your urine.  The urine sample is called a urinalysis. If the urinalysis reveals Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the urine, it is likely you are suffering from a bladder infection (or cystitis). The urinalysis may also show bacteria in your gastrointestinal (GI) tract that stems from the anus. In this case, you likely have urethritis, or an infection of the urethra. The urine sample can also detect the presence of any cancerous cells. If large amounts of protein are present in the urine, this may be an indication that you suffer from a kidney disease. Your doctor may decide to also take a blood sample in addition to a urine sample. You will most likely have this taken at your doctor's office, but they may send to a different health care provider or commercial facility that specializes in taking samples. The blood sample is then sent to a lab for analysis. Your doctor may analyze a blood sample in order to determine the presence of creatinine, a waste product that is normally filtered out of the blood stream by your kidneys. If you have a high level of creatinine in your blood, this may indicate a problem with your kidneys. If your urine sample and blood tests indicate a larger problem in the kidneys, then your doctor may wish to do a biopsy. This is where a small piece of kidney tissue will be removed and examined under a microscope. It's a very common procedure.  Local anesthesia will be administered and the doctor will use computerized tomography, or ultrasound, to guide a biopsy needle into your kidney. After the tissue is removed, it is examined by a pathologist in a lab. Your doctor will call you in a week or so with the results and to discuss what treatment is necessary, if any. It is likely your doctor will have a diagnosis prepared for you after analyzing the blood and urine...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Provee una muestra de orina. Hazte un análisis de sangre. Hazte una biopsia. Explora pruebas más avanzadas. Completa tu tratamiento prescrito.


Your doctor will need to know about any changes you make to your diet or exercise regimen. You should also inform your doctor of any vitamins or supplements you're considering before you begin taking them.  Check with your doctor to see if any activities you're considering would increase your risk of injury. Your doctor will also be able to tell you if the vitamins and supplements you're considering would alter the effectiveness of your anticoagulants. If you're taking anticoagulants, it's important that you have your blood tested regularly. Your blood's clotting ability is measured and reported in International Normalized Ratio, or INR. Without regular testing, your doctor will not know if you are taking the correct dosage of blood thinners.  Ask your doctor how frequently you should get tested. Certain factors like travel and dietary restrictions may increase the frequency of your recommended INR tests. If you are receiving the right dosage of blood thinners, your INR should fall somewhere between 2.5 and 3.0. An INR below 1.0 means that you are not receiving any effects from your anticoagulants. An INR above 5.0 is very dangerous and should be reported to your doctor immediately. In addition to keeping your doctor informed, you should also communicate your medical situation to your pharmacist. Occasional errors in how prescription medications are dispensed can cause serious, potentially fatal complications.  Alert your pharmacist to the fact that you take blood thinners. Check your medication each time you pick up a prescription. Make sure it's the correct prescription and read the label to see if blood thinners would react adversely. If you experience a sudden emergency and are treated by an EMT or an emergency room physician, your medical records may not be immediately available. To prevent the risk of an adverse drug interaction, you may want to carry some type of laminated ID or wear a medical bracelet to alert emergency workers to the fact that you take anticoagulants.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Acude regularmente al doctor. Hazte análisis de sangre de forma regular. Actualiza a tu farmacéutico. Infórmales a los miembros del servicio de emergencias.


Your dog is able to conceive as soon as she enters her first heat cycle, which can be as young as 4 to 7 months old.  When your dog is in heat, she will attract male dogs and may even actively seek them out. Other dogs can detect the scent of a female dog in heat from miles away; thus it’s extremely important that you keep very close watch on a dog in heat and confine her indoors at all times to avoid unwanted pregnancy. A Chihuahua may conceive even if you think you intervened before copulation was completed. A Chihuahua can be impregnated by a much larger dog (or dogs), in which case pregnancy and labor can become increasingly risky. Avoid this situation as far as possible. Ideally, the female should be larger than the impregnating male. If your dog is impregnated by a larger dog, seek your veterinarian’s advice. A dog will begin to show key symptoms that can help you determine if she’s likely pregnant, including:  Lethargy Reduced appetite or vomiting Rapidly enlarging stomach that feels firm (the stomach will be visibly swollen by 15-30 days into the pregnancy) Nipples will enlarge and protrude Note that while some reduced appetite and/or nausea is normal, it should resolve itself within about a week. If it lasts longer than that or occurs along with listlessness, it could be a sign of something more serious and you should bring your dog to the vet. Unless directly instructed by your vet, you should not give your dog medications unsafe for pregnancy, and you shouldn’t have her vaccinated.  Ideally, your dog should have been vaccinated before she became pregnant. But if not, don’t vaccinate her while pregnant, as some vaccines can be harmful to developing fetuses. If using flea control, be sure to use a product that’s safe for use on pregnant dogs.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Conoce el momento en el que tu perra pueda concebir. Conoce los signos de preñez. Ten cuidado de darle a tu perra preñada medicamentos o vacunas para perros.


Your dog isn't urinating inside to be spiteful. Rather, your dog could have a medical issue, such as diabetes, that causes it to urinate frequently due to increased water intake. Your dog probably knows it should urinate outside, but it may still need to go after coming back inside. Puppies will urinate inside after going outside for several reasons, including weak bladder muscles and not fully understanding where they should and shouldn’t urinate. If your dog continues to urinate inside after going outside, take it to your vet. Your vet will examine your dog and perform diagnostic tests (blood work, urinalysis) to determine if there’s a medical reason for the inappropriate urination. Knowing why your dog is urinating inside will help guide the plan to stop the behavior. If your dog has a medical reason for urinating inside, treating the condition will help stop the behavior. For example, your vet can recommend a treatment plan for diabetes or kidney disease. Medications are also available for strengthening weak bladder muscles in dogs.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Investiga sobre las posibles causas por las que los perros orinan adentro. Haz que el veterinario examine a tu perro. De ser necesario, trata el problema.


Your dog may not show signs of hip dysplasia until he is between four month and one year old. There is a spectrum of symptoms, from no symptoms at all to wobbling, weaving, or an unsteady gait. Your dog may also bunny hop when he runs, or be averse to strenuous exercise or activity. If you suspect your dog might have hip dysplasia, it’s best to bring him to your vet for testing. The earlier you get the diagnosis, the sooner you can treat your dog’s condition and help to manage any pain or discomfort he may be experiencing. Your vet will examine and touch your dog’s hips to feel for any looseness in the joints or any pain reactions from your dog when she flexes or extends his hip joints. X-rays will help your vet confirm your dog has hip dysplasia and determine how serious his condition is. There are several different surgical procedures available to correct your dog’s hip dysplasia. However, the surgery recommended for your dog will depend on his age, weight, and size. Your vet may recommend two different surgical options:  Triple Pelvic Osteotomy, which is used on young puppies. Total Hip Replacement is recommended for dogs with degenerative arthritis or chronic hip dysplasia.

TL;DR in Spanish:

Lleva a tu perro al veterinario para el chequeo. Permite que tu veterinario realice un examen físico y radiografías a tu perro. Discute las opciones de tratamiento con tu veterinario.


Your dog may prefer to lean to one side or the other when he’s down, so make a mental note of which side he prefers.  Command him to stay seated or standing, and then command him to lie down. As you practice the trick, always have him lay down on the floor from the side that he leans on; he’ll probably prefer to do this anyway. Do not use a verbal cue for this; use your hands, some treats, and a clicker. Be mindful that this step will probably take some coaxing, so be patient with your dog as he learns how to follow your guidance to lie on his side.  You can get him to lie on his side by gently pushing him with both hands from the down position. Once he is lying down, reward him with some positive reinforcement (eg, verbal praise, belly rub, treat).  You can also lure him with food to get him to lie down. To do this, hold a treat in front of his nose. Then, move the treat back to his shoulders (his left shoulder if he’s leaning to the right, or his right shoulder if he’s leaning to the left). As he turns his head to get to the treat, he will eventually lie down on his side. Use your clicker and other positive reinforcement when he lies down so that he knows he did the right thing. The better your dog is able to move fluidly from one position to the other, the closer he will be to mastering how to play dead. Use your clicker and give him a treat when he moves from sitting/standing to the down position, and again when he moves from the down position to lying on his side. You will know when your dog is ready for the verbal cue when he automatically lies down on his side when he sees that you have a treat or when you lure him with food.  You can use whichever verbal cue that you are comfortable with. ‘BANG!’ is a verbal cue that is commonly used for this trick. Be consistent with whichever verbal cue you use. You do not want to confuse your dog by using different verbal cues for the same command. At this stage of teaching your down to play dead, your goal is to get your dog to be able to play dead just by...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Ordénale a tu perro que se eche desde la posición de sentado o parado. Haz que tu perro se eche de costado. Practica haciendo que tu perro se siente o se pare y luego se eche de costado. Agrega una indicación verbal para que tu perro se haga el muerto. Usa la indicación verbal con más frecuencia, en lugar de incentivarlo con comida. Usa una indicación visual (señal con la mano) para ordenarle a tu perro a hacerse el muerto. Usa solo la indicación visual. Practica el truco en lugares diferentes. Sé paciente con tu perro hasta que domine el truco.


Your dog should be trained well and able to respond well to voice commands. Your dog should be able to listen and respond to your command. You will be in control of this introduction.Your dog should know basic commands like sit, stay, and lie down. You can teach your best friend these simple commands in a few ways:  Take obedience training classes. Many vets can recommend a good dog trainer. Some pet stores even offer puppy socialization and obedience classes. You and your dog can not only learn helpful commands, but also work on creating a strong bond. Your dog will be more likely to listen and pay attention to you if she feels comfortable with you as an owner and authority figure.   Practice commands with your dog. If you and your dog need a refresher course on basic commands like sit, you should practice with your dog in a comfortable place like at home.  Practicing these commands will allow the dog to become familiar with your cues and she will be more willing to listen to you. You want these commands to be comfortable with both you and the dog. You do not want either pet to feel territorial in the introductory space. You also want a place where you can control both animals. A good introductory place might be a living room or family room. You want to avoid places where either animal eats or sleep, as they may feel territorial of the space.   You do not want either animal to feel pressured. A neutral space can help the animal to not have additional external stresses. Meeting new friends is stressful enough! Make sure your dog is not feeling confined with too tight of a leash or collar. The neutral space will help you relax as well. You want to be able to be comfortable in this space and be able to observe interactions. Pick a place that is comfortable for all involved. For the first meeting, you may want to keep the rabbit in a safe space in which the rabbit cannot run away. This will also keep your rabbit safe if something unpredictable happens. During the first meeting, you want to make sure you have...

TL;DR in Spanish:

Realiza un entrenamiento de obediencia. Busca un espacio neutral. Deja al conejo en un espacio seguro, como una jaula para viajes. Asegura al perro. Solicita ayuda.