Watch Japanese documentaries. Take a course in East Asian Studies. Invest in books on Japanese society. Study different cultures or learn a foreign language.

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These are an excellent way for you to gain insight into the human struggles of everyday life in Japan.  Some notable films on Japanese culture and expatriate experiences are:   Jiro Dreams of Sushi (2011)  The Kingdom of Dreams and Madness (2013)  Hafu: The Mixed-Race Experience in Japan (2013)  Brakeless (2014)  Kokoyakyu: High School Baseball (2006)  The Invention of Dr. Nakamats (2009) "Men Behind The Sun" (1988) Even if you don't plan on getting your degree in Japanese language or culture, learning the historical reason for contemporary culture can clear misconceptions and minimize out-of-context assumptions. Weeaboos are perceived as doing just this. Fixation on aspects of Japanese without the cultural framework necessary for accurate interpretation can lead to a warped perspective. As an added bonus, your knowledge of Asiatic history and culture will improve your ability to make sense of future encounters with Japanese culture. If a college course is out of the question, you can contact your local Japanese Cultural Center or embassy to see if there are activities you can join. Popular traditional arts you can ask about:  Taiko (太鼓) drum classes Kendo (剣道, Japanese fencing) Shodou (書道, Japanese calligraphy) Sadou (茶道, Japanese tea ceremony). A frequent criticism of the weeaboo subculture is that its members only consume overly dramatized mass media. Reading on a variety of topics will help you to achieve a more complete picture of the intricacies of the Japanese way of life. Language and culture are closely linked. Many foreign languages contain words or concepts that simply don't exist in your native tongue, and learning these can equip you with tools necessary to pin down foreign perspectives. In the same way, exposing yourself to other cultures promotes broader cultural awareness. You don't need to study Japanese have the advantages that accompany bilingualism. If there is a community nearby that speaks a language different than your own, immersing yourself in that community can promote acquisition.


Watch Spanish television. Follow the Pareto principle. Find a skype partner. Visit local cultural centers or plan a trip to a Spanish speaking country. Limit your English.

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If you don’t get Spanish television you can ask your cable provider or simply check what is trending on YouTube for a Spanish speaking country. You may also purchase or download a popular Spanish television series online. More popular series may have English manuscripts or subtitles to help you follow along. You may also have content in alternate languages. Check the site of your local channels and inquire whether they provide a Spanish alternative. This principle states that you need to learn the right words, which means that you don’t have to learn the entire language but simply learn the most important words. It’s easy to find the most important words because they will be the ones used most frequently. For example, rather than learning the formal forms of words and phrases, learn colloquialisms. Post on forums, colleges, or even the library. You don’t have to find someone overseas or living in a Spanish speaking country as Skype is great for generally working within your schedule at the comfort of your own home. Watching someone speak the language or using visual aids will help speed up the learning process so don’t be afraid to ask your partner to keep that in mind.  Use multiple windows when using Skype so you can simultaneously use another language app or check your notes to help you follow the conversation. Use translation tools to help you keep pace in the conversation but don’t use it as a crutch. You shouldn’t hesitate to ask your partner for a break if you are lost in the conversation.  You may also find a partner on Skype by offering to exchange English lessons. Practicing a second language together allows you to take a breath and regain your momentum when you switch over to your native language. There’s no better way to learn a language than immersing yourself fully in the culture. However, traveling can be very expensive so seek out local cultural centers for countries like Mexico, Spain, or most South and Central American countries. If you do not have a local cultural center, establish a...


Watch TV. Do art. Listen to music. Eat a midnight snack.

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Try to find exciting shows that hold your interest. Feel free to change the show often. It'll stimulate your mind more if you don't watch the same thing continually. When you are watching TV or a movie, don't turn off the lights. Dim lights will make you more tired. Find something creative to do to keep your mind active. Something fun you can do with your friends or alone like drawing, coloring, or making music. Just make sure you stay quiet enough to not wake other people in the house. Play some music and dance to it. Staying up on your feet and moving will help you stay awake. Find some fun music you enjoy and listen to it with your friends or by yourself. Make sure you do this in a room that's far enough from your parents' room to not wake them up, or use headphones. Your body needs fuel to stay awake. Try to avoid super sugary foods, as this will give a short energy boosts followed by a fall in energy. Something high in protein is better, like yogurt, peanut butter, or cheese.


Watch TV. Surf the internet. Listen to music. Play some video games. Check social media. Have a movie marathon.

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Cozying up in front of the TV is one of the preferred ways to pass the time when you are sick. This is a good opportunity to catch up on the shows that you are normally too busy to watch. Allow yourself to indulge in some TV until you feel better.  Try finding one of your favorite shows to watch. Indulge in a marathon of this TV series or get involved watching a new TV program. Watch old time movie classics. This is a good way to pass the time with some classics that everyone enjoys. Watch a comedy. The laugh will do you good and help you forget that you are stuck at home sick. Use the internet to your advantage. There are a million things you can search and spend time reading. Look up blogs, videos or articles on topics that interest you. Hearing some of your favorite songs can help improve your mood and actually work to make you feel better. Music has been proven to reduce pain and improve the immune system. It can also reduce anxiety and stress.  Try listen to a genre of music you have never heard before. This will allow you to occupy your time with something new. Make a playlist that includes some of your favorite tunes. You will able to listen to this song list after you are feeling better as well. Play uplifting music that helps improve your mood. This will help distract you and allow you to become immersed in the music. This will allow your mind to focus on something other than how you are feeling. There are also health benefits to playing video games such as pain and stress relief. Some popular video games to try are: You may have a collection of video games you haven’t played in a while or you can find a variety of games to play online. Being sick is a good time to catch up on your social media. Your account may need to be cleaned up, or you may want to engage with some friends. Try streaming some of your favorite movies. This will help elevate your mood and make the time fly by. Look for movies you haven’t seen in a while or ones that you have been meaning to watch for some time. Use services such...


Watch Wheel of Fortune. Play the games on the website. Be patient. If you don't hear back, ask for tickets to watch the show.

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The best way to prepare to compete on the show is to be familiar with the show itself. If you are selected to be on the show, you'll want to be 100% familiar with the structure of the game, the rules, etc. Practice for your own turn by guessing along with the contestants and seeing if you can win. In addition to watching the show, do puzzles like you were asked to do at the audition. Keep your brain fresh to stay mentally prepared. The Wheel of Fortune website offers several online games you can play to practice and hone your skills. You want to be ready if you get picked to be on the show, so try to practice a little every day. There are also a number of Wheel of Fortune games available for virtually any console. You can literally have Wheel of Fortune going 24/7. Contestants have 18 months to make an appearance on the show. Sometimes you'll be on in a few weeks or months, sometimes it will take over a year. They try to get a good geographic cross-section of contestants represented each week. They're free! If you're in the LA area, spruce up your vacation with a trip to see Pat and Vanna. It's inside Sony Entertainment studios, formerly home to the historic MGM studios. You can write in, go online, or call. And remember: never pay for tickets. Some people try to sell them, but it's a scam. Real Wheel of Fortune tickets are always free.


Watch a comedy movie. Do something relaxing. Read a light-hearted book. Do something artistic. Listen to music. Treat yourself. Think about something mundane. Picture a place you feel safe. Be with someone. Be with a pet.

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The human brain will remember recent images best.  Having a good laugh can help by "overwriting" the memory of your scary thoughts. You could also watch a light-hearted television show. Paint your nails, give yourself a spa day, or just go and hang out with your friends. A large process of unwinding from feelings of fear is by relaxing your mind. Take a relaxing bath.  This will soak your mind into a state of meditation. Try setting the mood with candles and bath soaps for better relaxation. Focusing on the lighter subject material in the book, even for a little while, will help distract your thoughts from those that have been scaring you.  You could even read a book that is meant for younger audiences. If you like coloring then you should draw! Make something you enjoy. Doing art can even help channel your scary thoughts into something expressive. The creative process is known to cause happiness. You could even write a poem if you enjoy writing. You can listen to anything that you enjoy. Classic rock or the latest pop song should get you going. For even better results, try dancing for fun to the music. Go out and get some take-out food or have a pizza delivered to your house.  Satisfying your palate releases serotonin into your brain. This is a chemical process that happens in your brain which causes happy feelings. Think about what happened that was funny today. Think about how small you are in this world. Try zoom outside yourself up into space where you are simply a small dot on a series of larger dots. Your fear might feel irrelevant afterwards. Clear your mind of unwanted images by filling it with images you do want. Think about the last time you went to Disneyland. If you have access to photographs of one of these times, then look at them and put yourself back into that environment.  Remember the sights, sounds, smells, and the warm feeling of being safe. Sleep with a parent, brother or sister to help you feel not alone. It helps if there is someone you love and feel comfortable with around. Discuss...


Watch a little TV during your downtime. Check out some new podcasts if you enjoy background listening. Catch up on your reading. Have a dance party or jam session. Play some board or card games. Go on a nature walk if you can go outside. Do some fun cooking projects. Get creative with arts and crafts.

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It’s not a great idea to veg out in front of a screen the whole time you’re on lockdown. However, watching movies and TV can be a great way to unwind when you need a break between other activities. Take advantage of your time sheltering in place to catch up on movies and shows you haven’t seen yet, or take comfort in some of your old favorites.   Laughter is a fantastic stress reliever, so fire up a few episodes of Nailed It, Brooklyn Nine-Nine, or Saturday Night Live if you’re feeling down.  If you have a dark sense of humor and enjoy making light of the situation you’re in, you could even go for some comedies with apocalyptic themes, like Good Omens, The World’s End, or Zombieland.  Make some popcorn and have a movie night with any family, friends, or roommates who are with you. You could even have a virtual watch party over instant messenger if you’re sheltering alone! Podcasts are fun, often educational, and great for keeping you entertained while you’re doing other, not-so-fun things (like disinfecting your home). Ask your friends to recommend some of their favorite podcasts, or look at an online list of recommendations like this one from Time: https://time.com/5524332/best-podcasts-to-listen-to/.   If you’re stressed by listening to too much media coverage of the emergency that has you on lockdown, avoid listening to podcasts that deal with related themes. You can find podcasts on platforms like Apple Podcasts, Google Play Music, Spotify, and Overcast. Reading is a relaxing, immersive experience that can help take your mind off of being stuck at home. Grab a book you’ve been meaning to read or pick up an old favorite that you’ve read a million times before. You can even make it a shared activity by reading out loud to anyone who wants to listen!   If you have kids, reading with them is a wonderful way to bond, keep them engaged, and make the shelter in place experience less stressful.  Try creating a family book club. You could all read the same book and schedule time to discuss it every evening, or you...


Watch a movie at the cinema together if you want to relax. Head to a take-out joint if you’re hungry. Take a trip to the pools if it’s a hot day. Hit up the gym together if you’re in the mood for a workout.

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Not much beats watching a great film at the movies! If a good film has just come out, text your guy friends to come and watch it with you. Even an average movie is funnier if you’re watching it together! If you’re booking online, try to do it at the same time so that you can all sit together. Nothing boosts the spirit of a group like having some food! Decide on somewhere to eat and then head out together. If you don’t know where to eat, throw out a few ideas to your friends. Burgers, curries, steak and chips, and Mexican are all delicious options. If you and your friends have a favourite place to eat, make it a weekly tradition. For example, you could have a Mexican Monday and go to a taco restaurant, or on Thai Tuesday you could grab a Pad Thai together. The pools are a great way to cool down and are a fun place to catch up with friends. Have a bomb competition off the diving boards, go down the hydro-slides, have races in the pools, or simply chill and catch up. Mix it up and try out the pools in a different suburb or the neighbouring town. Doing everyday activities together is a great way to bond with your friends. Catch a ride with your friend to your local gym and workout together. This is a great way to push yourself further during your workout. If you’re doing weights, take turns spotting each other. You’ll need to find a friend that goes to the same gym as you, otherwise, they won’t be allowed in. Alternatively, ask your gym if your friend can have a free trial.


Watch a movie you’ve been meaning to see. Check out a museum. Go hiking. . Indulge in guilty pleasures. Plan a road trip.

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Movies are often a group activity, whether with your friends or your loved one, meaning you probably don’t always get to see the movie you want. Scheduling some alone time is a great chance to see that weird art film that no one else wanted to see with you.  You can also catch up on a television show that you’ve fallen behind on. Netflix and other streaming services make finishing shows a breeze. Catch a matinee! You can save a few dollars by watching a movie much earlier in the day than usual – an advantage to freeing up some time for yourself. Art is divisive, so finding someone who is into the style of art that interests you is not always easy. Take the opportunity to travel to a museum that you haven’t been able to drum up interest for among your friends, or haven’t been able to visit during the week because of scheduling issues.  There are many museums hiding in plain sight that you might not have ever noticed. Search online to find the hidden gems in your area.  Viewing art also provides inspiration, which can lead to new hobbies or passions that can have a strong impact on your life.  If art isn't your thing, visit a different kind of museum, like a science museum or a history museum. Take advantage of the free time to hike a trail you’ve always wanted to visit. Not everyone likes particularly long or strenuous hikes, so the time alone is a great chance to make the trip.  Be careful when hiking alone. Let people know where you are going and carry enough water and supplies if you will be gone for a long period of time.. You can also get out in nature or take a long walk. Many studies link getting out in nature with a variety of health benefits. Among them include relief for depression and dementia, a reduction in stress and PTSD, and an overall improvement in physical health and wellbeing.   Take a trip to the beach! Sit at the ocean to watch the waves and listen to the surf. ead a book. Alone time is a great opportunity to catch up on some reading. Even if you don't have a full day of solitude, you can...


Watch a movie. Get back into an old hobby. Read a book. Find brainteasers online. Play video games. Listen to music. Watch funny videos.

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See if you can find a movie that's airing on television by flipping through the channel guide. You can also go online and see if you can find movies on sites like Netflix or rent a movie through an online rental service. To best reduce boredom, pick a genre that's exciting. Watch something like an action or horror movie full of suspense, as this will be sure to engage your attention. Do you have any hobbies you haven't done in a while? Think about what you've done in the past in your spare time. Maybe there's something like knitting or painting that you used to be into, but do not do much anymore. If you're bored at home, this is a good time to get back into a forgotten hobby. For example, if you used to knit quite a bit, dig out your old knitting supplies and start a project. Dig through your bookshelf and find a book. Pick something that will be engaging right away. A long, heavy work of fiction, for example, may take a bit to get into. Instead, go for a book of short stories that will get to the action quickly. If you can't find a book you like in your home, consult an electronic device like a Kindle or iPad. See if you can purchase a book online to read. Type "brainteasers" into a search engine and see if you can find anything to engage you. Things like riddles, crossword puzzles, sudoku puzzles, and optical illusions can be a fun way to pass the time. If you get the local newspaper, there may be a section that includes brainteasers. If you have a game console, use it. Playing video games can be a great way to pass the time if you're stuck inside alone. Pick a game with a lot of action you can get into quickly. If your game console allows you to hook up to the Internet, you may be able to meet other players online. This can relieve any boredom you're feeling at being stuck inside alone. Make a playlist for yourself using something like iTunes or Pandora. Title it something like "Boredom Playlist" and pick fun, engaging, and upbeat songs. This will make you feel energized and excited, possibly reducing...


Watch a movie. Pamper yourself. Sleep. Rearrange a room. Call a friend or family member you haven’t talked to in a while.

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Yes, it’s predictable, but there’s always something you haven’t seen on Netflix, and Redbox is right around the corner. Don’t you miss the days of going to Blockbuster, though? Get creative with your snacks. Try drizzling some melted chocolate over your popcorn. To. Die. For. It’s hard to fit in a nice bubble bath mid-week, and now you have all night soak in the tub.  Mix a cup of Epsom salt; a cup of powdered milk; a quarter cup of baking soda; a quarter cup of lavender flowers; and 4 drops of lavender essential oil. Add a quarter cup of the mixture to a tub of hot water and store the rest in an airtight container.  Enjoy a relaxing bath. Take care of your nails. You know you should cut your toenails more often than you do, so get down to it. Make a cup of your favorite tea, and let yourself sit, drink it, and do nothing else. It’s easy to get caught up in drinking coffee and tea on-the-go. Let yourself enjoy a moment of simply being. Alright, sometimes you just have to go to bed at 9:00 on a Saturday night. Even 8:30 if you’ve had a particularly long week. Don’t feel bad about it. Studies show that those who go to bed early on the weekends have a number of advantages over everyone else.  You’ll be better rested and ready to go for the week ahead. Simple as it is, there comes a great deal of satisfaction with moving a couch from one side of the room to another. It can be fun to imagine all the possibilities, and a good arrangement can freshen up a stale space. Though organizing isn’t everyone’s favorite activity, some people find a lot of joy in it. If putting things in place is fun for you, take the opportunity to clean out your junk drawer or your closet. Your grandma misses you! With a culture focused on always being on-the-go, it can be hard to make time for the people you love, especially when they’re not part of your everyday life. A night at home with no plans is the perfect time to pick up the phone and catch up with those important people.


Watch a professional use a machine first. Practice on fruit. Consider synthetic skin. Purchase pig skin for a realistic practice experience. Give yourself a tattoo.

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Observe a professional set up their machine and the equipment as well as how they prep their client. When they begin tattooing, watch how the artist holds and angles the machine and pay attention to how much pressure they're applying. You can even watch YouTube videos if you want more practice. Fruits have a challenging contour that will mimic the clients that sit in your chair for a tattoo, and are cheaper and more readily available than other options. Some fruits that you should consider for tattooing practice:  Bananas Melons Grapefruits Synthetic skin is a relatively new comer to the tattooing scene. Practice skin is relatively easy to order from online sources, but many tattooists criticize this false skin as too far from the real thing. Synthetic skin can:  Be useful for starting out and getting a feel for your tattoo machine. Provide you with practice for building your hand strength. Pig skin is a close approximation of human skin, and can give you a more realistic trial run than you would experience with fruit or synthetic skin. Pig skin is also the traditional practice medium used by tattoo apprentices, and due to its similarity to human skin, will train you to have better control with the depth of your needle. Pig skin can be bought expressly for the purposes of tattooing online, but as many butchers end up throwing it out, you might find a cheaper more plentiful alternative at your local butcher. Before you work on another person, tattoo your own skin so you can see how it feels and how deep to insert the needle. You will also learn about caring for the tattoo and how long it takes to heal, which is important information you can share with your clients. Next, try giving out free tattoos to clients. Many people are willing to get a tattoo for free from a novice so you can get some experience.


Watch and see if they listen to you, or just like being listened to.  Set a boundary Look for signs of envy or jealousy. Take note of  passive-aggressive tendencies. See if your secrets somehow become public knowledge. Notice if you hear from the person often.

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Active listening is important for building strong relationships, no matter what kind. If you make an effort to hear your friend out, but they don’t reciprocate, they may not be a genuine friend.  Pay attention when you’re talking to them: do they cut you off or interrupt often? Do they disregard what you say and shift the topic to something else? For example, maybe you come to your friend with really big news. A fake friend may not want to hear about the news—they'd much rather talk about themselves. and see if they respect it. To test a friend’s sincerity, express some limitations to them about the friendship and see how they react. An authentic friend will be willing to accept and respect your personal boundaries.  For example, you might say, “Hey, I can’t hang out on Thursdays anymore. I really need to dedicate more time to studying chemistry.” or “Can we not discuss sex? It makes me uncomfortable.” If this person continues to cross the lines you’ve set or doesn’t acknowledge them at all, they may not be a real friend. Some friends are the best as long as everyone is on relatively equal footing. The moment you excel at something, however, this person's claws may come out. If they gripe, tease, or roll their eyes at your successes, they may not be your real friend.  Other signs of envy include feeling like your friend is always competing with you, never getting a pat on the back from them, and having to include them in everything you do just so they don't feel left out. A jealous friend may become possessive if you spend time with other people. A true friend should never try to isolate you from other friends or loved ones. Does your friend say "okay" to favors, but then later never follows through? Do you ever feel like they are trying to subtly sabotage you? If this describes your friend, they may be passive-aggressive, a behavioral trait that can really get in the way of real friendship. You won't be able to change their passive-aggressive tendencies, so don't even try. Instead, try to avoid such fake...


Watch and takes notes on every action movie you can get your hands on. Build dramatic irony in your scenes to create tension. Use quick cuts to make your action scenes sing. Add in your special effects. Correct the color and add you credits and effects. Use sound effects to build the world of the movie subtly.

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Editing is where a bunch of random footage becomes a tense, well-wrought adventure, and the best way to learn is from the masters. One suggestion is to take notes not only of what happens, but the minute it happens on. When do action scenes occur? How far apart are they? How do editors build up the tension to keep you on the edge of your seat? You'll notice that most action movies have a very specific rhythm. The build excitement and energy from the get-go  with quick scenes and lots of movement, but temper it with 3-4 moments of quiet, allowing the audience to catch its breath before the next big action scene. Editing is when dramatic irony becomes your best friend. Dramatic irony is when the audience knows something that the character doesn't. We might see the outline of the villain, but the characters can't. Master director Alfred Hitchcock talks about having a bomb under the table the characters don't know about. By cutting between the ticking clock, the action hero rushing to save them, and the unawares victims, you build great tension and suspense. Just blowing up the bomb is surprising, but only for a fleeting moment. Think of the climax of The Dark Knight, as we cut between the boat with the Joker's victims, Batman, and the police's desperate attempts to do something. Unless you've got dedicated stunt people willing to take a real punch, you'll need to be an expert editor to make an action scene look good. Go for quick cuts, rapidly cutting between the tussling bodies, as this leads to a frantic, high-energy fight or action scene the moves along quickly. Watch any action movie and notice how short each shot is -- the faster the cut, the faster the action feels. If you can, however, pay to go slow. The Borne Ultimatum features a now-famous fight scene that hardly cuts at all. The result showed the brutality of the fight, as if even the camera/editor couldn't flinch and turn away. This is the hardest part of any action movie, as modern adventures are shot with millions of dollars of poured into special...


Watch as the seeds germinate.

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Within a week to 10 days, your sunflower seeds should start growing into small seedlings. During this time, continue to water the seeds every day and make sure the soil is moist, particularly around the seeds. If your sunflowers are outside, you may want to cover the seedlings with baskets or netting to protect them from birds.


Watch behind the scenes footage from the making of the film. Read film reviews. Humanize the cast. Watch footage of the same actors in different genre movies. Find humor in the horror. Watch the gag reels.

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You can find this footage by searching on IMDB, Google, and Youtube. Look for explanations about how the movie makers created scary creatures and scenarios with special effects, costumes, and make-up. The more concrete knowledge you can gain about the movie, the easier time you will have separating the film from reality. Reviewers will deconstruct the special effects and screenplay behind the scary movie, which will help you separate the movie from reality. In particular, negative reviews can make some scary movies seem silly in retrospect, which can help to further distance yourself from the film. Rottentomatoes.com is a great place to start. Find photos and videos of the cast in real life in order to further separate the scary film from reality. Look up the head shots of the main actors to see how they look without crazy costumes and fake blood, and remind yourself that the monsters from the film are regular people in real life. Go to IMDB.com and search for the movie you saw, once you click it, find some of the scary characters and click on their actor's names. Find some lighthearted films on their bio page and check out the trailers. A serial killer is never quite as scary when the role before that was a cashier in a low-budget comedy. Comedy can help you further distance yourself from the scary experience, and you can find a wealth of parodies and scary movie satires online that will make horror films seem ridiculous. Utilize Google search, Youtube, and/or the movie’s IMDB page to get started. Search on the internet for footage of cast members screwing up and laughing during suspenseful scenes, or for the slip-ups in the production process that aren’t edited from the final product. Finding these goofs will make scary movies seem ridiculous, and further separated from the real world.


Watch body language. Listen to tone of voice. Watch facial expressions. Examine physical distance. Watch how people react to what you say.

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Watch people's body language in different situations. Notice how much people communicate with their bodies through gestures, posture, or head movement.  Consider that the same gestures can mean different things. For example, think about someone shrugging their shoulders. This often means “I don't know” or “I don't care.” Or consider what it means when someone crosses their arms in front of them. Sometimes it means they are wanting to pull away from the conversation (think of it as a “self-protective” type of gesture), sometimes it can express anger, or sometimes it is because the person is cold! Imagine you had a mute button and could turn off the sound: Do you think you could figure out the context of the conversation by watching how people move? You can say the same words, but change your tone of voice, and the words will take on different meanings. A person's tone of voice conveys the emotion behind the words.  For example, think about how “I'm fine” sounds when someone is saying it in a friendly tone of voice, versus saying it in an angry tone of voice. Test out your tone of voice by repeating a sentence, imagining you are feeling something different each time. How does “You scared me!” sound when you are pretending to be happy, shocked, angry, or sad? People have very expressive faces. Even when we try our best to conceal our emotions, they are often present on our faces anyway.  Look in a mirror and act out how you think you look when you are bored, happy, annoyed, or excited. Facial expressions can often be very subtle, and it can sometimes take a while to discern them. For example, when people are genuinely happy, they smile with their eyes. You can see their eyes get crinkly in the corners. In a less genuine smile, the eyes don't change as much, and oftentimes the lips remain closed.  Consider how the similar facial expressions often indicate different emotions. A frown can indicate sadness or anger, for example, or an open mouth can indicate fear or surprise. If you can't figure out what the person...


Watch carefully for signs of worsening frostbite. Treat frostbite as quickly as you can. Rewarm the area carefully. Rewarm a frostbitten area via immersion in warm water. Know what not to do when you recognize a case of frostbite. Monitor frostbite victims for hypothermia. Know that a burning sensation, as well as swelling may continue.

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Superficial frostbite can be indicated by the transition of reddened skin to white, pale skin.  Though the skin may still feel soft, ice crystals are starting to form within the skin itself. You may notice blisters forming on the skin as the frostbite worsens.  Counterintuitively, skin may begin to feel warm.  This is actually a very serious sign that the victim is beginning to suffer from a dangerous case of frostbite. Be extremely wary of any progression beyond superficial frostbite, as these may indicate that permanent damage has begun. Loss of the sensation of pain or discomfort is an extremely serious development. Blackened skin and hardened tissue indicate permanent damage of the affected skin and likely some of the tissue beneath it. The wikiHow article on How to Treat Frostbite provides similar details on determining the severity of a case of frostbite, including more specific steps on how to safely rewarm a frostbitten area and how to go about seeking professional treatment.  Get the frostbite victim out of the cold. Ideally, get to a hospital where professional medical care can be given to a frostbite victim. Do not allow a potentially frostbitten area to be warmed, only to be exposed to cold weather again. Cycling between temperatures can greatly damage your skin, nerves, and tissues.  The safest way to reheat frostbitten fingers, if still outside, is with body heat.  For instance, place frostbitten fingers in your armpits, if doing so does not expose more of your skin to the cold. If it is possible to rewarm a frostbitten area without risking that the area is again exposed to cold, do so with warm water. When possible, unfreeze a frostbitten area as quickly as possible, as the longer an area suffers from frostbite, the more permanent damage will occur. Use water that is warm to the touch, as close as possible to 40.5°C (104.9°F).  Provide analgesics to a frostbite victim. These include ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and aspirin. If you are forced to delay thawing or rewarming of a frostbitten area,...


Watch for a fever. Take excessive pain or swelling seriously. Look for increased bleeding or redness around your incision. Call your doctor if you notice purulent or foul-smelling discharge coming from your incision.

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In the days following your surgery, you should monitor your temperature. A fever is a sign of post-operative infection, which could be dangerous, so call your doctor if your temperature exceeds 101 °F (38 °C). If you are in a lot of pain, even when taking your prescribed medication, or if you notice a lot of swelling around your incision, call your doctor. There may be no problem – different people react differently to surgery – but it’s important to err on the side of caution during the post-operative period. If your incision starts to bleed more heavily, or if the area around it begins to get redder, call your doctor. These symptoms could be signs of an infection or other problem. Pus or a bad-smelling discharge from your incision is a strong indication that there’s an infection present. Contact your doctor immediately.


Watch for a severe headache. Look for vomiting and nausea associated with the headache. Check for a fever. Determine whether the neck is stiff and sore. Watch for concentration difficulties. Notice photophobia. Look for seizures.

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Headaches caused by inflammation of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, feel different from other types of headaches. They're much more severe than a headache you'd get from dehydration or even a migraine. A persistent, severe headache is commonly felt by people with meningitis.  A meningitis headache won't ease up after taking over the counter pain pills. If a severe headache is felt without the presence of other common meningitis symptoms, the cause of the headache may be another illness. If the headache persists for more than a day or so, see a doctor. Migraines often lead to vomiting and nausea, so these symptoms don't automatically point to meningitis. However, it's important to pay close attention to other symptoms if you or the person you're concerned about is feeling sick enough to vomit. A high  fever, along with these other symptoms, could indicate that the problem is meningitis, rather than the flu or strep throat. Take the temperature of the person who is sick to determine whether a high fever is on the list of symptoms. The fever related to meningitis is generally around 101 degrees, and any fever over 103 Fahrenheit is cause for concern. This is a very common symptom among those who have meningitis. The stiffness and soreness is caused by pressure from the inflamed meninges. If you or someone you know has a sore neck that doesn't seem to be related to other common causes of soreness and stiffness, like pulling a muscle or getting whiplash, meningitis might be the culprit. If this symptom arises, have the person lie flat on his back and ask him to bend or flex his hips. When they do this, it should cause pain in the neck. This is a sign of meningitis. Since the membranes around the brain become inflamed with meningitis, cognitive difficulties commonly occur among meningitis patients. The inability to finish reading an article, focus on a conversation, or complete a task, paired with a severe headache, could be a warning sign.  He may not act himself and be overall...


Watch for a sudden onset of symptoms. Take your temperature if you feel you are running a fever. Look for changes in skin coloration, which may look like a rash.

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Common symptoms include fever, rash, nausea, and fatigue. TSS symptoms typically come on all at once, rather than evolving slowly. This can be a way to distinguish TSS from more common illnesses, where your condition gradually worsens. If you develop a fever and flu-like symptoms while menstruating, remove your tampon immediately and seek medical attention. One of the first signs of TSS is a sudden high fever of 102.2ºF (39ºC) or above. The fever will likely be accompanied by other flu-like symptoms, such as a headache or muscle soreness.  Having nausea or diarrhea along with a fever may also be a sign that you've contracted TSS. These symptoms could be signal a wide variety of illnesses, including a basic cold or flu. However, if you have a high fever, you should seek immediate medical attention regardless. The doctor will take tests to eliminate other possible causes of your illness. A sunburn-like rash over most of your body is a sign of TSS. You may also notice that your lips, tongue, and the whites of your eyes turn bright red. After a day or two, the rash will start peeling. This is also somewhat like a sunburn, except that your skin will start peeling in large sheets.


Watch for a toothache. Note any pain when eating or drinking. Look for swelling. Watch for a bad taste or smell in your mouth. Check for other symptoms. Visit the dentist.

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A toothache is one of the most common symptoms of an abscess. It often occurs as pus produced by bacteria that reached your pulp compresses the nerves in your teeth. You may notice a throbbing pain around the tooth or a shooting or gnawing pain in that area. Biting might be painful. Your tooth pain could cause sleeplessness.  The pain may be localized around the tooth, but it can also radiate to the ears, jaws, and cheeks. You may not be able to tell exactly where the pain is coming from. You might also feel irritated after spending a night in pain and struggling to sleep. The pain may be accompanied by a sense that your tooth is moving. The entire area around the tooth may look red and swollen. If you have a severe toothache that goes away, do not assume the abscess is gone. It is more likely that the abscess has killed the pulp and the infection remains. The pain may go for a while, especially if you have taken painkillers or an anti-inflammatory medication, but the infection will form an abscess again in no time. An abscess can make chewing painful. Abscesses also can make your teeth sensitive to hot and cold temperatures. If these symptoms last, seek treatment. A pericoronitis abscess is one that can be located near the lower wisdom teeth. This type of abscess can cause your masseter muscles to block (also known as trismus), making it almost impossible to open or close your mouth. As an infection grows, it can cause swelling and pain inside your mouth. Your gums may appear red and swollen and feel tender. This symptom is particularly prevalent with periodontal abscesses. Your gum also might swell over the impacted tooth. This could resemble a pimple. If your abscess has ruptured, you will be able to smell or taste the pus. The taste will be bitter but never swallow it. Rinse with chlorhexidine mouthwash or even salt water to get rid of the taste. See your doctor immediately. As an abscess worsens, you might suffer a fever. You also could have trouble opening your mouth or swallowing. Swollen glands or a...


Watch for an allergic reaction. Seek medical attention if you develop an infection. Monitor the injection site. Dispose of used items safely.

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Any new medication should be first administered in a physician's office so the patient can be monitored for allergy signs and symptoms. However, if signs or symptoms of an allergic reaction develop during subsequent treatments, seek medical attention immediately.  Signs of an allergic reaction include hives, a rash or itching; shortness of breath; difficulty swallowing; feeling like your throat or airway is closing; and swelling of the mouth, lips, or face. Call 911 if symptoms of an allergic reaction develop. You have just injected a medication into the body which speeds up the reaction time if an allergy is present. Even the best injection technique can sometimes allow entry of contaminants.  Contact your doctor as soon as possible if you develop a fever, flu-like symptoms, headache, sore throat, joint and muscle aches, and gastrointestinal problems. Other symptoms that warrant prompt medical attention include chest tightness, nasal congestion or stuffiness, a widespread rash, and mental changes like confusion or disorientation. Watch for changes in skin tissue at the point of injection and the area immediately surrounding it.  Injection site reactions are more common with some drugs than others. Read the product literature before drug administration to know what to look for. Common reactions that occur at the site of an injection include redness in the area, swelling, itching, bruising, and sometimes a raised lump or hardened area. Alternating injection sites can help to minimize damage to the skin and surrounding tissue when frequent injections are needed. Persistent problems with injection site reactions warrant medical evaluation. Sharps containers are a safe way to dispose of used lancets, syringes, and needles. Sharps containers can be purchased at your local pharmacy and are available online.  Never put lancets, syringes, or needles in the regular trash. Review your state’s guidelines. Your pharmacist can help you to find a program that meets your needs. Many states have clear guidelines and...


Watch for blood under the nail. Keep up with your tetanus boosters. Watch for new symptoms. Allow time to heal.

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In some cases, blood can accumulate under the nail of the injured finger or toe, and can cause unwanted, added pressure and possible further damage to the injury. A medical procedure can be done to relieve the pressure. Even minor cuts or scrapes may require a tetanus booster shot to prevent serious infections. Adults should get a tetanus booster every 5 to 10 years. Developing a fever, chills, sudden numbness or tingling, or a sudden increase in pain or swelling warrants seeking medical help sooner, rather than later. It usually takes about 8 weeks for a broken bone to heal. Sprains and joint injuries may heal more quickly. If problems linger, see a doctor. If symptoms get worse, such as pain and swelling, beyond the first 2 to 3 days, medical attention may be warranted.


Watch for certain actions or reactions that signal this disorder. Recognize physical signs of this disorder. Observe if you have other compulsive body issues. Evaluate if you have any other disorders. Talk to your doctor about hair loss disorders. Recognize that trichotillomania is a disorder. Understand that this disorder is a form of self-harm.

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Trichotillomania is officially classified as an impulse control disorder, along the lines of pyromania, kleptomania, and pathological gambling. If you suffer from trichotillomania, you may act or react in certain ways when hair-pulling. These might include:  Chewing or eating pulled-out hair. Rubbing pulled-out hair across your lips or face. An increasing sense of tension immediately before pulling out the hair or when resisting the behavior. Pleasure, gratification, or relief when pulling out the hair. Catching yourself pulling hair without even noticing (this is called “automatic” or unintentional hair-pulling). Knowing that you’re pulling hair deliberately (this is called “focused” hair-pulling).  Using tweezers or other tools to pull out hair. There are some tell-tale signs that a person may be suffering from trichotillomania. These include:  Noticeable hair loss caused by recurrent pulling out of the hair. Patchy bald areas on the scalp or other areas of the body. Sparse or missing eyelashes or eyebrows. Infected hair follicles. Some hair pullers may find that they nail bite, thumb suck, head bang, and compulsively scratch or pick at their skin. Keep track of these types of behaviors over several days to see if they are habitual. Notice when you’re doing them and how often you’re doing them. Determine if trichotillomania is the only disorder that's affecting you. Compulsive hair pullers may suffer from depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette's disorder, bipolar disorder, phobias, personality disorders, and in some cases, exhibit suicidal tendencies.  Visiting your doctor or mental health professional can be helpful in determining whether you have other disorders.  However, it is complicated to say which disorder is causing which. Is the loss of hair causing the depression through the desire to isolate yourself from others and avoiding enjoyable activities because you feel deep shame?   Often, successful recovery from Trichotillomania requires treatment for any co-existing disorders as well....


Watch for changes in how moody your crush is when you spend time together. Take note of how your crush acts when they see you in person. Pay attention to canceled plans as a sign your crush is into someone else. Observe how quickly (or slowly) they respond to your messages. Listen to how often they name-drop during your conversations.

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If you and your crush talk often or hang out in or outside of school, pay attention to changes in their attitude. If they used to be friendly and playful but suddenly start acting distant and moody, it’s possible that they are having conflicting feelings. If this is happening, try to not get super clingy. Give your crush a little bit of space so they can figure out how they feel. It could be a good time for you to evaluate your feelings, too. Look out for signs like your crush no longer saying “hi” to you in the hallway or waiting to walk to class with you. If you had normal interactions with your crush on a daily basis and they start to diminish, your crush might have changing feelings. Being ignored outright is a clear sign that your crush doesn’t feel the same way anymore. Especially if this change correlates to them starting to treat someone else more affectionately. If you and your crush are friends and hang out regularly, pick up on times when they bail on plans or ditch you. This is a pretty good sign that there might be something or someone else they are hoping to spend time with. Similarly, if your crush suddenly becomes hard to pin down or avoids making plans with you, it could be a sign of a similar situation. If you’re used to quick responses and frequent messages with your crush and that suddenly slows down or stops, there is probably a reason for it. It’s possible that something else is going on, but if this change is consistent for several weeks it might be because they are busy messaging someone else. You could also ask them directly if everything is okay. Maybe they’re having a hard time or are overwhelmed with school or work. If you’re close friends, it could be worth bringing it up. If your crush is continually talking about a new person, it could be because they are attracted to or interested in them. If the same name keeps creeping up every time you interact, pay attention—this could be the sign you’re looking for. It’s totally possible your crush doesn’t even realize they’re doing this....


Watch for changes in water consumption when your dog is sick. Measure how much your dog is drinking. Take variable factors into consideration. Work with your veterinarian to get your dog's disease condition under control.

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When a dog is sick its behaviors can change drastically. Pay attention to your dog's eating and drinking routines, looking for large changes. You want to catch dehydration early, before it causes an additional medical problem for your dog. Give your dog a specific amount of water and see how fast it drinks it. While there may be variation, for the most part each dog requires from 44-66 mL of water per kg of body weight. That is ½ to 1 ½ ounces of water per pound of body weight. In other words, a 10 pound dog should drink roughly a cup of water a day or a large 60 pound dog should drink 2 quarts of water a day. You will need to take into account a few things when estimating your dog's water needs. In hot and humid weather a dog will need to drink more water. In addition, if your dog is exercising heavily it will need more water. When a dog pants to cool off it loses more water than if it is at home relaxing on your couch. Dogs in these conditions may need twice the amount of water as normal. Sometimes treating the disease adequately will make your dog feel better and have a healthier appetite for both food and water. In these cases the dehydration will usually clear up on its own. Be aware that some medications used to treat congestive heart failure, like diuretics, will make monitoring water intake on your dog very important. Diuretics can cause severe dehydration.


Watch for classic signs of anger. Look for verbal expressions of anger. Make note of physical expressions of anger. Keep an eye out for aggression. Listen closely to the content.

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Behavioral expressions of anger can range from the verbal to the physical, and beyond, into intentional aggression. When broaching certain topics, the person may exhibit signs of anger that can clue you in to the source of the emotion. Some examples may be yelling, arguing, cursing, and sarcasm. Paying attention to when these displays of emotion show up will help you determine his triggering event. These can show up as raised fists, throwing or breaking objects, and hitting or kicking things in the environment. Follow the trail backwards from these explosive moments to what seemed to trigger the elevation in emotion. Aggression is contrasted with other forms of anger expression by its focused intent. Instead of undirected anger, aggression is a sign that someone specifically wants to hurt you. Like the other forms of expression, it can provide clues to the triggering event. Be careful when aggression shows up, as it can result in emotionally or physically injurious behavior. Anger can show up not only in the way things are expressed, but in the expressions themselves. When people are angry, they temporarily display attributes of Narcissistic Personality Disorder, such as entitlement, overblown confidence, manipulation, and a lack of empathy. Recognize these symptoms for what they are and do your best to trace their emotional lineage.


Watch for conflicts of interest. Prohibit sexual relationships with your clients or former clients. Decline to enter into financial relationships with your clients.

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Dual relationships are relationships in which you interact with your client in a setting separate from your professional work.  If you are a social worker in a small community, there is a chance you might meet your client in other contexts, such as church, school or in another social setting. Try to limit contact with your client in these situations. The more time you spend with your client outside of a professional context, the greater the opportunity for a breach of professional boundaries.  For example, if you attend the same church as your client, avoid joining the same volunteer committee or attending the same Bible study class as your client. If you run into a client while in the gym or at the grocery store, then try to minimize the encounter. Be polite and professional but do not linger in a social capacity. You should not ignore your client, but do not start a social interaction unless your client approaches you. Do not approach your client. Similarly, do not agree to do favors for your clients outside of a professional setting. Don't agree to give rides to your client or to babysit for your client. This can easily compromise professional boundaries. Sexual or intimate relationships with your current clients are unethical and inappropriate. You cannot have sex with a former or current client and you cannot accept a client with whom you have had an intimate relationship. You may lose your job or be prosecuted for doing so. Former clients could also be harmed by a sexual relationship due to your privileged knowledge of their case work.  Never enter into a sexual relationship with any of your clients' relatives or close friends either. These relationships could also potentially exploit your clients and their treatment. If you find yourself developing romantic feelings toward your client, excuse yourself from the case and refer the person to another social worker. You must never give your client money or accept money or gifts from your client. Do not engage in relationships where your client gives you...


Watch for early signs of rabies. Inspect your cat for bites or signs of a fight. Look for signs of “dumb” or paralytic rabies. Be extra cautious if a cat has furious symptoms of rabies.

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The early stage of rabies can last from two to ten days. During this time, the cat will seem sick with non-specific symptoms. Early non-specific signs of rabies include:  muscle pain restlessness irritability chills fever malaise, which is a general feeling of sickness and discomfort photophobia, which is a fear of bright lights anorexia, or a disinterest in food vomiting diarrhea cough inability or unwillingness to swallow If you think your cat might have come in contact with a rabid animal, check to see if he has any bite marks or signs of a fight. The rabies virus can live on the cat’s skin or hair for up to two hours, so wear gloves and a long-sleeved shirt and pants before handling the cat. When an infected animal bites another animal, the infected animal’s saliva may transmit rabies to the healthy animal. Once the disease enters the body, it travels via the nerves to the spinal cord and brain. Take your cat to a veterinarian right away if you notice any:  bite marks scabs scratches ruffled fur with dried saliva abscesses The dumb form of rabies the most common form of rabies in cats. A cat suffering from dumb form rabies will seem lethargic, confused, and sick. In this form of rabies, cats are not vicious and rarely attempt to bite. Symptoms of dumb or paralytic rabies include:  paralysis (inability to move) of the legs, facial muscles, or other parts of the body dropping of the lower jaw, leading to a “dumb” look. excess salivation that creates a foam around the mouth difficulty swallowing Cats with the furious form of rabies are often aggressive, display abnormal behavior, and will foam around the mouth. Most people think of these behaviors when they think of rabies, but the furious form of rabies is less common in cats than the paralytic form. Call animal control to assist you if you think a cat is suffering from the furious form of rabies. A cat with furious form rabies will attack, so do not attempt to capture the cat on your own. Signs of furious form rabies include:  profuse salivation that looks...


Watch for friendly and consistent communication. Watch for inconsistent or disrespectful communication. Notice body language. Assess the frequency of your “run-ins” or times you hang out. Consider any gifts that have been given. Pay attention to their social media. Ask your mutual friends. Pay attention to signs of flirting.

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After a breakup, friendly communication means that your relationship is still positive. This means that there is a chance that they still hold a flame for you and want to remain involved in your life.  Some signs of their possible interest are:  Frequent “hello's” and “hi’s” even if you’ve already seen them once that day. These little greetings can mean that they still want to talk to you, but are too nervous and unsure to take further steps. Reaching out to check in via phone or text often. Commenting or liking your social media posts regularly. Sending you pictures of themselves having fun, looking attractive, or doing something you would enjoy. In comparison to communication that is positive, watch out for exes who stalk, manipulate, or frighten you.  If your ex refuses to take no for an answer, then the feelings they have are not ones of love, but of obsession and control.  Watch out and stay away from exes who don’t respect your space. Also, if you have an ex who only contacts you once every few months or only after they’ve ended a relationship, then they likely do not care for you and are only seeking attention. An ex who wants to get back together will often try to be close to you when they do see you.  They might hug you, kiss your check or display other types of physical affection to show that they care.  If they are still very emotional about the breakup, they might also look down, avoid eye contact or even cry. Their feelings may show in their actions.  They might laugh louder, smile a bit too much, or their voice might be higher pitched.  These are signs, sometimes called micro-expressions, that they may still have feelings that they now can't control or are trying to hold back. If your ex tries to schedule get-togethers or makes an effort to frequent the places you frequent, they are trying to spend time with you.  Maybe they’re trying to get your attention or perhaps they just enjoy and miss your presence.  Run-ins may mean that they're looking for a chance to ask you about your feelings. Make...


Watch for hallucinations. Take confusion seriously. Look for delusions. Pay attention to mood swings. Monitor sleep patterns. Note any hyperactivity. Take feelings of “craziness” seriously. Be especially vigilant during the first few weeks after delivery. Consider risk factors.

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Women who develop postpartum psychosis often see or hear things that are not really there. These hallucinations may be frightening, upsetting, or disorienting. They may come and go, or they may persist. Hallucinations are one of the major signs that distinguishes postpartum psychosis from postpartum depression, and it requires immediate medical intervention. Confusion also distinguishes postpartum psychosis from postpartum depression. Even healthy new mothers may seem exhausted and mentally foggy, but these symptoms should not evolve into true confusion or bewilderment. A woman with postpartum psychosis may seem puzzled by what’s going on around her unable to understand what others are saying to her. Along with hallucinations and confusion, delusions – strange but strongly held beliefs that a rational person would know to be false – are one of the chief symptoms that distinguishes postpartum psychosis from postpartum depression. Delusions also require immediate medical treatment. They may not cause a woman to hurt herself or someone else, but in some cases, they do lead to violence. These delusions, perhaps in combination with hallucinations, may make a woman paranoid or suspicious. Someone with postpartum psychosis may think her friends and family members are lying to her or trying to hurt her; she may feel that she is being watched or followed. Mood swings are a common symptom for women with postpartum depression and anxiety, and they also play a role in postpartum psychosis. Women who develop postpartum psychosis tend to move quickly from one emotional state to another; they may suddenly find themselves overwhelmingly sad, distressed, irritated, or angry, and they may or may not be able to pinpoint any reason for the abrupt shift in mood. Difficulty sleeping is also characteristic of all the postpartum psychiatric conditions, but it may be especially pronounced in women with postpartum psychosis. They may develop persistent insomnia, or they may feel that they do not need to sleep at all. This symptom can...


Watch for jaundice. Take notice of a sore abdomen. Be alert to fatigue and weakness. Be suspicious of high blood sugar (glucose). See your doctor if you begin experiencing these symptoms.

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One of the first signs of pancreatic cancer can be jaundice, also known as icterus, which is the yellowing of the skin, eyes and mucus membranes due to too much bilirubin in the bloodstream. Pancreatic cancer blocks the ducts that release this bile into your intestine, causing it to build up in the blood and turn skin and eyes yellowish. If you have jaundice, your stool will also be light, your urine becomes dark, and your skin will feel itchy. Look at your skin and eyes in a well-lit mirror to check for yellow discoloration.  Jaundice also causes itchy skin. The parts of the eyes that turn yellow are called the sclera, or the white part of your eye. To confirm jaundice (if the yellowing is not so obvious), your doctor may test your urine for bile or order a blood test. One of the first signs of pancreatic cancer can sometimes be a diffuse abdominal aching and soreness, although many people don't feel any pain until the cancer is advanced. The pancreas gland is located behind the stomach and in front of the spine — pretty much in the middle of your belly. It secretes insulin (for blood sugar control), hormones and digestive enzymes. If your belly soreness doesn't go away after a week, contact your doctor.  Palpating (deeply touching) your pancreas for mild-to-moderate swelling is difficult and virtually useless for doctors because the gland is positioned behind and close to other organs. Because pancreatic cancer often causes the liver and/or gallbladder to swell, which are easier to palpate and detect, the condition may be misdiagnosed as liver cirrhosis or cholecystitis. Due to abdominal tenderness, fatigue and diarrhea, the early stages of pancreatic cancer can mimic other disorders or infections, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Another early sign of pancreatic cancer -- as well as in most other types -- is a general feeling of tiredness, fatigue and weakness, also called malaise. During the early stages of pancreatic cancer, you'll likely experience unexplained tiredness...


Watch for muscle loss as your dog ages. Pay attention after trauma and other causes of lameness. Look for arthritis in large breeds. Watch for conditions that certain breeds are predisposed to.

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Not every older dog will have muscle loss, but many dogs will. Just like humans, dogs may become less active as they get older, due to a number of reasons, including having less energy and having more aches and pains. Not being as active can lead to muscle loss. To help with muscle loss, try to encourage your dog to be more active. If your dog experiences trauma, such as being hit by a car, it may develop lameness in part of its body. In turn, that can lead to muscle loss, as the dog is not as active or isn't using that particular muscle as much. Dogs can develop lameness from other sources, including infection, dislocation of the shoulder, and muscle or bone degeneration. Large breeds, such as German Shepherds and Labradors, are more likely to have joint problems, meaning they are more likely to develop arthritis. Arthritis can lead to muscle loss, since it can make your dog reluctant to move as much. For instance, Labrador retrievers are prone to type II muscle fiber deficiency, which they'll generally show before a year of age in muscle loss. German Shepherds, on the other hand, are more likely to develop fibrotic myopathy, which generally shows up the most in the dog's thigh muscles. Certain dogs, such as greyhounds, will develop exertional myopathy if they are forced to use their muscles too much.


Watch for negative body language. Look for positive body language. Listen to what she says. Ask her. Accept the "boyfriend" excuse. Walk away. Understand it may not be what you think it is.

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By opening the conversation, you've invited her to determine if you're in her league or not. One way to tell if she's interested is to watch her body language. Her body language will say much about what she's thinking, even if she doesn't want to verbalize it. For instance, she may try to create more space between you two by stepping back.  She may also lean away, look away, or pull a bad face. You may also notice she has "closed" body language, where she crosses her arms or legs and turns away from you. She may also use her purse as a shield, of sorts, holding it in front of her body. If she shows signs of nervousness, such as rubbing her eyes, scratching her nose, or rubbing the back of her neck, that could also be a sign she isn't interested in you. On the other hand, she may be giving you signs that she likes you with her body language. For instance, blushing is often a sign that someone is attracted to you, as is giving you coy glances. Of course, the opposite rules apply for open body language than that of negative body language. She'll likely turn her body towards you and lean towards you if she likes you. She'll also leave her arms and legs uncrossed as a sign of openness. If she keeps the conversation going, she's likely interested in you, especially if she turns the questions on you. If she seems interested in the conversation, she may be interested in you as a date.  It's fine to answer her questions, but if you really want to charm her, keep turning the conversation back to her. People like talking about themselves. On the other hand, if she's giving you one-word answers and seems more interested in her phone than you, she's giving you a clear indication she'd rather you back away. One way to gauge her interest is the direct approach. You can simply ask her on a date to see how she responds. She'll certainly let you know one way or another whether she thinks you're out of her league or not.  You could simply say something along the lines of "I've been enjoying our conversation tonight. Would you...


Watch for nipple color change. Be aware of body changes. Do not increase food ration prematurely. Monitor continuing body changes. Look and feel for puppy movement.

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One of the earliest hints that a dog might be pregnant is if she “pinks up.” This refers to a change in her nipples which makes them appear a rosier color than normal, slightly swollen and more prominent. This sign can develop 2 - 3 weeks after conception. A pregnant dog’s body shape doesn't change until the second half of pregnancy. Between about 4 - 5 weeks her waist begins to thicken and her tummy fills out. A pregnant dog should be given increased food in the final third of pregnancy, but many owners tend to increase their dog's food ration too early. The additional calories lead to fat being laid down in the abdomen, which is often mistaken for a sign of pregnancy. It is not possible for the layman to discern whether her enlarged abdomen is due to fetuses taking up room, or fat. In the final third (weeks 6-9) of pregnancy, the dog’s belly becomes rounded and distended. Her mammary glands start to develop and become more obviously swollen, as they get ready to produce milk. In the final third of gestation, you may be able to see the dog’s flanks moving as the puppies wriggle around in her womb. If you place your palm flat against her side where you see the rippling, you might be able to feel movement. Don't be too disappointed if you can't feel anything. The puppies are deep within her tummy and each pup is floating in a sac of fluid, so it isn't always possible to feel the actual outline of a puppy.


Watch for opportunities to teach empathy. Teach basic manners. Teach social skills with games. Model good social behavior. Talk to your kids about personal space. Teach children to express themselves effectively. Have children pay attention to tone.

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Empathy is one of the most important skills for a child to build. Empathy marks social maturity as it requires putting oneself in another person's shoes, which is often a difficult thing for a young child to do. Throughout your day-to-day life, look for opportunities to teach your child about empathy.  Encourage your child to consider things from another person's perspective. When something happens, ask your child how he or she would feel about that. For example, say you see a man miss the bus on his way to work. Say to your child, "That man missed the bus. How do you think he feels? How would you feel if that happened to you?" You can also ask your child to put him or herself in a character's shoes while watching television, movies, or while reading. Encourage him or her to stop and think how a character feels. If a character is behaving in a negative way, ask your child why a person may behave poorly. Basic manners are important to social maturity. As your child grows up, teach him or her manners. What manners a child should learn varies by age.  For young children, between 2 and 3, encourage them to greet others by saying "Hi." When leaving, tell them to say "Bye." Also, encourage eye contact and smiling when appropriate. Children between the ages of 3 and 4 should be able to take turns during games and start initiating conversation with others. Between the ages of 4 and 5, children should be able to express needs by saying things like "Stop!" or "No!" Between the ages of 5 and 6, you can teach your kids to say "Please" and "Thank you" and discourage them from using foul language. Children can often use social skills via playing. You can teach kids about manners, cooperation, and other vital life skills by allowing them to learn via play.  Teach kids how to take turns by playing simple games that require turn-taking. You can also play games with simple instructions, or games that require teamwork. Teach children to share. Encourage your kids to share with other children during games. If you have multiple...


Watch for pain in the hips. Look for lameness affecting the back end. Check for muscle atrophy. Monitor for movement hesitation or reluctance. Look for narrow hips.

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A common sign of hip dysplasia is painful hips. You may hear whining when your dog walks, or see a decreased level of activity.  Your dog may have a tendency to rest the sore leg when standing. He may also move back on forth from one leg to the other. Some dogs may react aggressively if you go to stroke or touch the hip area because of pain. In young dogs, the first sign of pain might be that the German shepherd has difficulty climbing stairs or jumping into a car. They may also not be able to run and exercise freely, as you would expect in a young dog. Dogs can present at a young age, from six to 12 months, with sudden back end lameness. Other dogs may not present until they are middle aged as their mobility gradually worsens as they age. The lameness may be worse after periods of exercise.  Lameness can affect just one leg if one side is worse or both back legs. Your dog may stand with a markedly dropped back end. He may also move in a bunny-hop manner, swinging both back legs forward as the same time instead of moving them independently.  If  your dog is an older dog, he may walk with a limp. When you look at your dog from behind, you may notice there is muscle wastage on the most severely affected leg. You may also notice muscle atrophy of the thighs. Because of this, the shoulder muscles may be larger because they will take up the slack. Your dog may hesitate before he moves his back legs. For example, he may hesitate or take longer to push himself up when he’s sitting on his back legs. He may also hesitate to run or jump. Your dog may have trouble squatting when he goes to the bathroom. He may also fall over when trying to use the bathroom. Many dogs with hip dysplasia have narrow hips, and their back legs are spaced extremely close together.


Watch for pain. Look for blood in your urine. Take note of other urinary symptoms. Consider your risk factors.

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One of the defining features of renal colic (kidney stones) is that they can cause severe pain when they get stuck and cause an obstruction. The pain is usually located in the "flank" area (on your side, between your rib and your hip). It may also be located in your lower abdomen. It may move toward your groin with time.  The pain of renal colic characteristically goes in "waves" of being a little bit better and then worse again, continuing in this pattern. Often, it is more painful for people to sit still or lie down; the pain may be somewhat alleviated by moving around. Blood in the urine is another characteristic of renal colic (kidney stones)l however, there is one caveat to noticing it: the blood may or may not be visible to the naked eye.  If it is visible, your urine will likely be a pink or reddish color. If you do not see any changes to your urine color, but are experiencing pain and other symptoms suggestive of renal colic, your doctor can test your urine and pick up microscopic traces of blood in it that may not have been visible to the naked eye. In addition to blood in your urine, many people with renal colic (kidney stones) experience other urinary symptoms. These may include:  An urgent need to urinate Pain with urination Nausea and/or vomiting A "gravel" appearance to their urine, which may indicate the passage of small stones Your likelihood of having kidney stones also increases in proportion to your risk factors. These include:  A personal history of kidney stones in the past A family history of kidney stones Being overweight Dietary factors — if your diet is particularly high in protein, sugar, and/or sodium, your risk of kidney stones increases Dehydration, which predisposes you to the formation of kidney stones Certain gastrointestinal diseases and or surgeries that affect nutrient and water absorption (such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, chronic diarrhea, or having received gastric bypass surgery) Other medical conditions (such as hyperparathyroidism, cystinuria, renal tubular...


Watch for passive voice. Eliminate nominalization. Limit use of the word "there. Correct "By.

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Using passive voice is generally advised against unless you work in a few specific disciplines. Watch for the passive voice as you edit your work.  The subject of a sentence should be the person, place, or thing doing the action. This is called the active voice and you should generally use the active when writing.  In the passive voice, some form of the verb "to be" (e.g., is, are, was, were) is used with a past participle (a verb in the past tense). This can be needlessly confusing to read and takes attention away from the action, which should be the primary focus of a sentence.  For example, take the sentence "The dog was walked by Holly." This sentence is in the passive voice. To correct it, you would change it to, "Holly walked the dog." This sentence puts focus on the person engaging in the action (Holly) rather than the objected acted upon (the dog). Nominalization is unnecessarily using the noun form of a word when the verb form would make the sentence more concise. People often accidentally nominalize a sentence in a first draft.  To catch unneeded nominalization, look for the word "of" and examine each time you use it in a paper. "Of" is often used in nominalization. For example, "Luke offered an explanation of why Rosemary was late for class."  As you can see in the above sentence, instead of using the verb "explain" the noun "explanation" is used. The sentence would be quicker and easier to read if it were rewritten as "Luke explained why Rosemary was late for class." " "There" is an expletive that usually does nothing to clarify the meaning of a sentence. In general, you should remove unnecessary uses of the word "there" while proofreading. Sentences that begin with "there," "there is," and "there are" would generally read better with these portions removed. For example, "There are many people who believe free speech should be limited in certain ways." Removing the "there" makes the sentence read more smoothly. "Many people believe free speech should be limited in some way." ..it" constructions....


Watch for products that contain nitrogen-based urea. Apply deicer sparingly.

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These products do not work on temperatures below 20 °F (−6.7 °C), so they may not be effective at melting the ice. Products that contain nitrogen-based urea will also run off into your lawn, down drains, and into the street, which can cause environmental harm. Check the label of your deicing product to make sure it does not include this ingredient. Applying decider will not completely remove the ice no matter how much you apply. The best strategy is to apply deicer sparingly and allow it to make the job of shoveling away the snow and ice a bit easier.  Check your products recommendations for how much to apply to an area. You usually need about 1 handful of rock salt per square yard or one handful of calcium chloride per 3 square yards. After applying a deicing product, you will need to return to the area in about 15 to 20 minutes to shovel and break up the snow and ice. Also, keep in mind that calcium chloride and magnesium based deicer can damage your concrete by causing it to flake off or causing pitting. It may also dis-color pavers.


Watch for red flags. Prioritize your feelings. Confide in someone trustworthy.

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Rejecting someone can cause a lot of emotions. In fact, it can make some people very angry. If you need to reject someone, look for some warning signs.  Your safety is top priority. If you think rejecting someone could cause them to become very upset, take steps to stay safe. One red flag is a bad temper. If you have seen the person lose their temper before, consider rejecting them in public. It might be more awkward, but you'll be safe. Know when to walk away. If your rejection causes anger, don't stand there trying to explain yourself. If the person starts yelling or being mean, end the conversation. If the other person seems to have an anger management problem, it is okay to use e-mail or text to reject them. That is an exception to the "face to face" rule. Rejecting someone is not an enjoyable experience. In fact, it can make you feel pretty bad. However, it's important to remember that your emotions should be your priority.  Don't say "yes" simply to avoid saying "no". Only accept a date with someone you are interested in. Know that your happiness is important. You do not need to date someone that you don't like. Consider your motivations. Try not to let your friends influence your dating choices. Say "yes" or "no" based on your own opinions. It can be tricky to know that you need to reject someone. If you know that someone is going to ask you out and you want to say no, consider getting some advice. Talk to a friend or family member that you trust.  Think about asking a sibling for advice. They might be able to help you think of a nice way to say "No, thank you." Choose a friend who can be trusted to stay quiet. You don't want other people to know about the breakup before your boyfriend or girlfriend knows. Be honest about your emotions. Try saying, "I need to reject someone, and it's making me really nervous."


Watch for restlessness in your dog. Notice if the dog becomes more aggressive. Check to see if the dog is licking, biting, or scratching its wound site. Watch for sensitivity to touch, light, and sound. Notice if the dog appears uncoordinated or paralyzed. Observe the dog’s eating habits for loss of appetite or eating non-foods. Look for foaming at the mouth. Get the dog euthanized if it shows signs of infection. Bring your dog to the vet for evaluation.

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The dog may be irritable and distracted, and show constant changes in attitude. You’ll also likely notice changes in your dog’s behavior.  At this stage, you may notice that a dog that has previously been friendly is suddenly irritable or mean. A dog that has previously been hyper may now be docile. Keep in mind that restlessness could also be due to being kept in the quarantine cage. Most dogs that have rabies will become aggressive. They’ll lash out at the cage and try to attack people or other animals. If you notice aggression, especially if it’s extreme, it’s best to contact your vet immediately. Do not let anyone else near the dog, especially if it’s showing signs of aggression. This symptom may go along with the dog’s irritability. It’s usually more prevalent at the beginning stage, before the dog starts to experience symptoms that make it hard for it to lick the wound. The dog may show this by shielding itself from light, trying to hide, and acting out when the light is turned on. The dog may also get upset or become aggressive when sounds are made, even if the dog previously liked that sound. Although you should not try to touch the dog, you may notice that it recoils when you approach the cage to slide its food through the slats. Remember that you should not try to touch the dog, as you could get bitten. Rabies will affect the dog’s muscles and motor function, so you may see it staggering around the cage or having trouble standing. The dog may also become completely paralyzed. These symptoms mean that the dog needs attention from a vet, so call your vet immediately. The dog may lose interest in its food, especially if it’s having trouble eating due to muscle paralysis. Alternatively, you may notice that the dog is trying to eat odd items, such as dirt or pieces of cardboard. This is the most recognizable symptom of rabies. Foaming at the mouth is caused by paralysis in the animal’s throat and jaw. The saliva that builds up in the animal’s mouth looks like foam. It’s important to remember that not all...


Watch for signs of an infection so you can get prompt medical care. Consider letting your doctor drain your boil if it’s really bothering you.

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In rare cases, your boil may lead to a secondary infection if it’s not treated properly. While you’re likely okay, an untreated secondary infection can quickly become serious and may even lead to blood poisoning. See your doctor at the first sign of infection so that you can recover soon. If you notice these symptoms, call your doctor: Red streaks radiating out from your boil Severe pain Extreme redness Fever Swelling or excessive fluid around the boil Although this usually isn’t necessary, your doctor can drain a very painful or bothersome boil to help it heal quickly. They’ll make a tiny incision on top of the boil, then they’ll drain away the pus. When the doctor finishes, they’ll bandage your wound to protect it while it heals.If your boil is really big, your doctor might use the bandages to drain away the deep pus. You’ll need to change your bandages often as directed by your doctor.


Watch for signs of problems with your teeth. Let the dental hygienist clean your teeth. Ask your dentist about fluoride varnish and fissure sealants. Locate dental care that you can afford.

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Many problems start out as minor discomfort and then progress to conditions that are more serious and more difficult to address. Schedule a dentist appointment if you have:  Pain or swelling in your jaw Loose permanent teeth Gums that hurt, bleed, or are swollen when you brush or floss Gums that are pulling away from your teeth Teeth that are sensitive to hot or cold foods Constant bad breath Pain or discomfort when you bite Make an appointment to go for a check-up and cleaning every six months. Take your child to the dentist as soon as he or she begins getting baby teeth. Your dentist or hygienist will:  Show you the best way to brush and floss Scrape away the hard plaques that form in places that are hard to thoroughly clean Examine your gums for gum disease Look for cavities These are treatments that protect your teeth over the long-term. They can be given to both children and adults.  Fluoride varnish can be given every half year. During this treatment, fluoride is put on the teeth to strengthen the enamel. A fissure sealant is applied about once per decade. It is a thin composite covering that creates a smooth and slippery surface which protects the crevices of your teeth from bacteria and food that could get trapped there. Many people have to pay out of pocket for dental care. Ways to find affordable options include:  Calling or searching the websites of the US Health Resources and Services Administration, your county or state health department, or community health center. These places may be able to point you towards local clinics that charge on a sliding-scale based on income. Check with dental hygiene and dentistry schools near you to see if they offer low-cost treatments or free clinic days as a way of drawing patients to give their students experience. It should always be supervised by dentist or hygienist. Look online at the American Dental Association or the American Dental Hygienists Association.


Watch for signs of psychological abuse. Protect your children. Talk to your friends and family. Seek counseling. Speak to a counselor on your own.

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Abuse can take many forms and it is not always easy to spot an abusive person. Some subtle signs of emotional or psychological abuse include:  saying things to make you feel guilty humiliating you on purpose being extra critical of you ignoring you having affairs or flirting with the opposite sex in obvious ways talking to you in a sarcastic voice or making fun of you saying “I love you, but…” trying to control you using isolation, money, or threats constantly texting or calling you when you are not around If your spouse is also emotionally abusive and condescending to your children, you should take extra steps to protect them during this fragile stage of development. To do this, you can:   Be extra kind to your children to make up for the abuse that they suffer. Tell them how much you love them and treat them especially well. Explain to them that when people get angry, they say things that they don't really mean. Make it clear that what people say about them, even a parent, isn't necessarily true. What matters is how they feel about themselves. Alert social services to ask for help if the emotional abuse is severe or persistent. Tell your spouse that he is emotionally abusing the children and that it is not appropriate and that if he doesn't stop you will take steps to end the relationship and get custody of your children. Friends and family can offer excellent support and advice during a relationship crisis. Try talking to your friends and family about what has been going on. Ask for suggestions about what to do next or where to get help. You may even be able to stay with a friend or family member until you can figure things out and find a place of your own. This may be the best thing for you to do. If you have children, then getting them away from an abusive spouse will benefit them as well. Tell your spouse you want you both to go to couple's therapy. Couples therapy can be effective at helping you both to change your dysfunctional relationship dynamic. This can be an effective way for you to, in a safe...


Watch for signs she may be losing interest in you. Watch her phone and texting habits. Watch her social networking habits. Watch for cancelled plans or strange plans. Try to talk to her girlfriends. Look for warning signs in your relationship and your attitude towards it. Note whether she is paranoid about you cheating.

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People cheat for a variety of reasons, but it usually happens when someone is unhappy in their relationship. If you suspect your girlfriend might be seeing someone else, watch for the warning signs that your relationship may be flagging a bit. Watch to see if your girlfriend:  Calls less frequently Seems distracted when you're together Dresses differently Cancels your plans regularly Lies to you about where she's going When you are out together, does your girlfriend spend most of her time with her head buried in her phone instead of making eye contact with you? Does she seem overly preoccupied with talking to someone in particular?  Lots of texting could be a sign of a roving eye, or just that she's texting her mom. Try to remember who she talks to is her business. If you have to, say something like, "I was hoping we could spend some time together now, not with our phones, unless there's some emergency. That ok? Is everything ok?" Don't try to crack past her phone password and start digging around in her personal stuff. If you feel the need to spy on your partner, your relationship is already in bad shape, and you should end it. Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, and other social networking and texting apps make cheating a whole lot more complicated. If you suspect your girlfriend might be cheating online, you could even open up some fake dating site accounts of your own to check and see.  You've noticed she's posting a lot of comments on a male coworker's pictures? Don't freak out. She can post whatever she wants, on whoever's board she wants to post on. That doesn't mean she's cheating, but it does mean she might be losing some interest or engagement in your relationship. Never, under any circumstances, should you try to log into your girlfriend's email, Facebook page, or other password-secured information. Breaching trust because you're suspicious means you're in a bad relationship. If your girlfriend starts behaving in a way that's counter to the way she usually acts, that might be cause for alarm. It's hard to...


Watch for small colorful pieces of paper. Look for small dropper bottles. Check for sugar cubes. Monitor the person’s spending habits.

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One of the most common ways that LSD is distributed is through small square pieces of paper. The sheets of paper often have colorful markings or cartoon characters on them. These papers are also known as blotters. If you notice some small squares of colorful paper in the person’s room, then they may be using LSD. LSD drops are often stored in small dropper bottles, such as empty fresh breath drop bottles. The bottles are only about two inches tall. The liquid LSD may also be dyed to make it less obvious that the liquid inside is LSD. People who use LSD often apply drops of the drug to sugar cubes for consumption. If you notice any plastic bags containing sugar cubes in the person’s room, then this could be a sign that they are using LSD. Having a drug habit is expensive, so someone who uses LSD regularly may often be low on cash. Consider how often the person asks for money and how quickly they spend it. For example, if the person asks to borrow money a few days after they have been paid, then this may indicate that they are spending money on drugs.


Watch for sudden changes in behavior. Take note if the child suddenly falls back on behaviors they have outgrown. Notice a child that seems overly compliant or overly demanding. Look for eating changes. Pay attention if the child has problems sleeping. Keep track of any changes at school or daycare.

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It’s common for an abused child to suddenly act differently.  Children who are normally active and outgoing may become withdrawn. Normally gentle children may become aggressive. Any affected child may suddenly seem anxious.  For example, you might notice that your neighbor's child used to be outgoing and full of life, but now seems scared to go outside or play. Even infants and toddlers can show changes in behavior. For example, they may become overly fussy without any obviously explainable cause. Abuse can make children feel insecure, and to begin acting like they are younger than their age. For example, a potty trained child may begin to wet the bed again, or a toddler who no longer sucks their thumb may begin to again. Normally, infants and toddlers are both interested in pleasing adults and testing boundaries. Children who have been abused, however, may go to one extreme or another. They may only want to do what an adult says, or they may be consistently defiant or demanding. For example, if you are watching a child at daycare and they throw a tantrum at every activity or every time an adult asks them to do something, this can be a reason to worry. It’s natural for infants and toddlers to sometimes be picky eaters. However, if a child seems to have significantly changed how they eat without a clear cause (like experiencing a growth spurt, or being sick), this can be a reason to worry about the child. They may also gain or lose lots of weight in a relatively short time. If you are babysitting a child who has been abused, for example, you may notice that they have grown very thin and shows no interest in eating. Infants who normally sleep well may begin to wake throughout the night. Toddlers may talk about having nightmares. If you haven’t observed the child’s sleep, you might also see other signs. For instance, they may seem unusually tired or weak because they are not sleeping well. Infants and toddlers suffering abuse may have poor attendance at daycare or preschool, when there is no clear cause (like...