Unscrew a foot plug drain’s stopper. Pop out a lift-and-turn drain’s stopper. Remove the faceplate of a trip lever drain.

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Put on your rubber gloves and grasp the center stopper. Turn it counterclockwise while pulling up slightly. After enough turns, the stopper should unscrew fully from the drain. Foot plug drains will have a stopper in the center of the drain that moves up and down when the tub is stopped. Grasp the stopper and pull up on it. You should see a setscrew underneath the stopper’s cap. Use your screwdriver to remove this, and the stopper should then come out. Tap or nudge it with the screwdriver if it seems stuck. Lift-and-turn drains will also have a stopper in the center of the drain, but will be activated by grasping and turning them. Set your tub to the “open” position, if it has a visible stopper. Remove any screws you see on the drain’s faceplate. Once the screws are out, you should be able to lift up on the drain and pull it out.  The faceplate will be on the tub wall near the faucet, not on the bottom of the tub with the drain. These type of drains will stop a tub when a trip lever is activated. You may not be able to see the stopper itself when looking at the drain. Set the tip of the screwdriver underneath the lip of the loosened drain if you need some leverage as you pull it out. Make sure to pull away from the tub wall. The plunger (a small piece that stops the tub) should come out along with the drain.


Unscrew any screws securing the wheel in place. Push out the clip securing the wheel to the luggage. Remove the old wheel and replace it with the new wheel. Clip and screw the wheel into the luggage.

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Inspect the wheel for screws. Use a screwdriver to take out any screws securing the wheel. If the screws are undamaged, set them aside—although your replacement wheel likely came with screws, you can use them if needed. Once you've unscrewed the luggage, the only thing keeping the wheel to the luggage should be a small metal clip attached to a bolt on either side. Pull out the clip and bolts, setting them aside next to the screws. The clip should be located in the center of the wheel. Take the old wheel out and dispose of it. Place the new wheel into the wheel well and test its placement. If it feels secure, you can screw the wheel into the luggage.  The wheel well is the hole left by the old wheel after you remove it. If the wheel feels too tight or loose, you may have chosen the wrong wheel size. Put the bolts on both sides of the wheel and slide the clip through to secure them. Use your screwdriver to tighten any screws back in place. Test the new wheel by rolling the luggage back and forth—if it glides smoothly, you have replaced the wheel correctly. If the wheel feels wobbly, try tightening the screws. You may have chosen the wrong wheel size if it still feels wobbly or does not move.


Unscrew the blade from the cup. Wash the cup by hand or put it in the top rack of a dishwasher. Wash the blade portion with soap and water. Dry the cup and blades.

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If the blade is still attached to the cup portion, unscrew it from the base before washing it. Set your Nutribullet parts on a counter and unplug the power base. The safest way to wash the cup of your Nutribullet is by hand. Run it under warm water and use a sponge and dish soap to thoroughly wash out the interior and exterior of the mixing cup. You can also put the cup on the top rack of your dishwasher if you are using a normal wash cycle.  Do not use the sanitize cycle if you are washing your cup in the dishwasher. Do not submerge portions of your Nutribullet into boiling water. It's important that you wash the blade portion by hand. Use a sponge and two drops of dish soap to get under the blades and remove any built up food that's been caught under the blades. Keep your hands and fingers away from the sharp edge to prevent cutting yourself. Do not put the blade in the dishwasher. High heat can warp and melt the plastic and ruin your Nutribullet. Wipe the interior and exterior of the cup and blade portions with a dry rag, or you place them on a drying rack for up to an hour to air dry. Once the parts on your Nutribullet are dry, you can use them again. You should wash the blades and cup after every use of your blender.


Unscrew the brake lever from the handlebars on the underside of the lever. Remove the brake lever from the handlebars, making sure to catch any supporting pieces that may fall. Optional:

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This is a good opportunity to change your brake pads and clean your brakes.  For caliper brakes, unscrew the small bolt on each side of the caliper brake that is attached to the brake pad itself.     Once the brake pads are removed, unscrew the (smaller) screw on the pad/metal assembly itself, and slide the pad out of the metal piece it is attached to.     Replace the pad by sliding a fresh one in. This is a worthwhile and inexpensive repair for your bike, since brake pads are cheap and are your best friend on the road.


Unscrew the cartridge cap. Pull back on the metal handle. Secure the piston rod and remove the cartridge. Prepare the new grease cartridge for loading. Insert the cartridge into the barrel. Reattach the barrel to the head of the grease gun.

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Cartridge-loaders are made of two basic parts: the cartridge of grease itself, housed in a similarly-sized and shaped housing, and the dispenser or nozzle, from which the grease is extruded. To remove the cartridge, you'll basically just unscrew the cap that the cartridge is in by turning it clockwise while turning the dispenser nozzle counterclockwise. It might be screwed on kind of tight, so use some elbow grease. On the end of the barrel where the cartridge is held, opposite the nozzle, you should see a plunger rod that’s used to push on the cartridge and force the grease out. Continue to pull until the plunger rod is withdrawn fully from the barrel. On some grease guns, pulling back should make the cartridge eject automatically. Depending on how much gunk is built up on the inside, it may come out all or halfway. Before you remove it, though, you need to secure the rod in place. On most grease guns, you should be able to move the piston rod sideways slightly, into a slot in the barrel so that it cannot move forward. On some grease guns, the retracted piston rod will latch into the fully retracted position, and a release tab is provided on the end of the barrel to allow the piston rod to move again. When you've secured the rod in place, you can pull the empty cartridge loose and discard it. Cartridges are typically available at hardware and auto parts stores. Typical sizes are 14 oz. (414 ml) and 16 oz. (473 ml) cartridges. Before you load one in, it's a good idea to clean up the gun slightly to get it ready for a new cartridge. Wipe the end of the barrel with a cloth or rag. This will remove excess grease that may have leaked out during removal of the spent grease cartridge.  Before inserting a new cartridge, remove the plastic cap from one end of the new cartridge, so the grease can flow out normally. For lots of people, storing grease cartridges upside down is a good way of getting it to settle on the right side, near the nozzle. If it hasn't been stored upside down, shaking it hard once or twice toward...


Unscrew the handle of your faucet with channel lock pliers. Pull out the filter and rinse it. Run the faucet for 10 seconds to clear out any debris. Put the filter back and screw the handle onto the supply hose.

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If your sink has a faucet with a hose that you can remove from the base, pull it out so you can access the bottom of the handle. Grip the nut at the bottom of your handle with channel lock pliers and rotate it counterclockwise to loosen it. When it’s loose, the handle should easily come apart. The filter is located at the base of the handle and looks like a cylinder with metal mesh layers. Pull the filter out from the handle by hand. Run the filter underneath warm water to rinse out any of the debris or buildup inside it. Use a stiff-bristled toothbrush if sediment is stuck on the mesh. You can also remove the aerator from the handle to clean it as well. Before you reattach the handle, run warm water through your faucet. This can help get rid of any sediment that's loose inside the faucet so it doesn’t catch in your filter. Set the filter back inside the base of the handle the same direction it was facing before. Hold the handle up to the end of the hose so you can easily screw it back together. Tighten the nut by hand as far as you can before using your channel lock pliers to seal it. If your faucet still has low water pressure, then you may have a problem with your supply line or pipes.


Unscrew the trigger from the can to remove the inner cap. Screw the top back on, which will pierce the top of the can. Shake the can to mix the contents. Connect the refrigerant to the low pressure line port. Squeeze the trigger on your refrigerant. Move the can back and forth to keep the contents even. Check the pressure after 10 seconds of charging. Repeat until your pressure gauge reaches the correct reading.

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The inner cap is what keeps the refrigerant trigger from piercing the can before you’re ready to use it. You should see where the can screws into the trigger, as it will have a typical joint. Discard the inner cap. There will be a metal pin inside the trigger. As you screw the can back on, press hard so that the metal pin pierces the top of the can. You should hear the pressure release inside the can. It will now be ready for use. If the trigger pin doesn’t pierce the can, then you won’t be able to use the product. In the rare event this happens, you can try removing the trigger and pressing down harder as you replace it again. Vigorously shake it up and down. This will ensure that all of the additives are blended so that you get an even application as you recharge the air conditioner. If the ingredients aren’t mixed well, you can experience some clogging as you use the product. You may need to pull back on the edge of the connector to make it fit around the port. Push down until the kit attaches to the port. You can wiggle it gently to make sure it’s fully attached. If it feels loose or comes off, try again. This will release the refrigerant into your air conditioner. Maintain a firm grip as you hold the can. If your can has a knob instead of a trigger, you should turn the knob until the refrigerant releases into the hose. You should hear it. This should be a gentle motion so that the ingredients stay mixed. Don’t move it too aggressively, however, as you might accidentally pull it free. Let go of the trigger and look at the pressure gauge. It’s important that you not put too much refrigerant into your air conditioner.  If your can has a knob instead of a trigger, then you should turn the knob to close the valve after 10 seconds. You’ll probably need to add refrigerant a few times to reach the desired pressure. Take your time, though, so you don’t overcharge the system. Overcharging makes your system run ineffectively and can damage it. Squeeze the trigger for 10 seconds at a time. Gently move the can back...


Unsubscribe from newsletters. Change your social media settings. Set up different emails for different purposes.

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Aside from spam, newsletters are one of the major factors that contribute to a large influx of email. When you create accounts on different sites (like Amazon, eBay, etc.) where you are required to put in an e-mail address, these sites automatically lists you as a subscriber to their newsletters.  To stop receiving newsletters, all you need to do is to open it and scroll down to the very bottom of the message. Newsletters, by US law, have “Unsubscribe” buttons or links on them that you can use to stop receiving them. Just click the “Unsubscribe” button/link to remove your address from the mailing list, and you won’t receive newsletters from that website anymore. Your spam filter won’t filter these messages, because these messages come from legitimate websites. Social media accounts, like Facebook and Twitter, are often set up to send you emails every time you get a message, mention, like, fav, or comment. If you're tired wasting time looking at your phone as it buzzes for each like, try changing your social media settings to only notify you about important interactions or change it to not notify you at all. Instead of getting these constant notifications, set aside a few minutes at the end of each day to check your account for activity manually. This is better than having to wade through a sea of emails. Another option, if you frequently use sites that ask you to sign up or you still want to receive the standard bulk messages, is to get a new email account and use it just for receiving spam. Give this email address to websites and businesses and save your personal or work email for personal and work use. You can also reverse this and set up a new personal or work email address, if it's time to upgrade from "wolfmoon92@unprofessional.com".


Untangle the line. Wrap the cable one way. Twist the cable the other way. Alternate back and forth. Make each loop the same size. Wrap a strap around the middle.

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Especially if your cable has been wrapped haphazardly, you'll need to undo any knots and tangles. As you work out the tangles, drop the cable on the floor in a big pile. Basically, you're making it easier to wrap up, as wrapping a cord from a tangled mess is nearly impossible. This process is known as flaking the line. Hold the end in your hand. Wrap the cord so it goes around your hand and comes back to the same place in your hand. Most people typically wrap a cord this way. Start with just one wrap. Now, bring the cable around again. However, instead of tucking the end on the outside as you did in the first loop, twist it towards the inside. Turn the hand holding the end of the cable so the cable fits into it the opposite way. Keep going back and forth between wrapping it one way and wrapping it the other way. This process helps the cable lie flat when you set it down somewhere, and it helps keep it in place. To keep the cable neat and tidy, try to match up the size of the loops as you wrap it around your hand. That way, it's easy to keep the cord wrapped without bits sticking out. Once you get it all wrapped up, you need to secure the cords with a strap. A velcro strap works well. Wrap it around the cable, going through the middle. Keep the two ends on opposite edges of the bundle.


Untwist the bottle. Refill the bottle with air. Recap the bottle and twist. Launch the cap across the room.

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Once you have launched your cap, you can do it over and over again until you get bored. Untwist the bottle until it is back to its original shape. The bottle will be a little bit crunched but it will still work. If the plastic cracks at any point in the bottle, it will no longer work for this experiment. Place your mouth around the top of the bottle and blow into it until the bottle puffs up again. You will hear a crackling sound as the plastic inflates. It does not need to be completely full, it just needs to have enough air inside it to compress. Don’t share bottles with multiple people to avoid the spread of germs. Replace the lid on the bottle and squeeze in the middle as you did before. Repeating the same steps, twist the bottle until you can’t twist it anymore. Remember, the more twists you can get, the more pressure that will build up inside the bottle.  The bottle should begin to twist more easily the more times you use it. At some point, the plastic will likely crack and you will not be able to use that bottle anymore. Position the bottle against your chest with the cap facing away from you and twist it off. Watch it shoot across the room again as the air pressure gets released. Repeat as many times as you’d like or until the bottle cracks.  Remember, never aim the bottle towards a person or an animal. Avoid pointing the bottle at your face as well.


Unwind a few inches of thread from the bobbin.

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Before placing the bobbin into its compartment, pull the end of the thread to unwind a few inches of thread from the bobbin. This will be enough to catch when you turn the handwheel. Make sure that you unwind enough thread to catch. A few inches is usually plenty, but unwind too little thread and the thread may not catch.


Unwrap your Chromecast box. Identify the HDMI port in the back or side of your HD TV. Insert the USB port into the back of the Chromecast. Plug the device in. Turn on your TV.

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You should find a USB cord and a charging cord along with the thumb-drive size device. You should also find whether or not your TV has a USB port for charging the device. If not, it will need an outlet or power strip nearby. If you are using the USB port to charge the device, connect the USB cable to the device. If not, plug the device charger into it instead. After it is connected, plug the AC adapter into an electrical outlet to power the device on. Press the “input” button. Find the HDMI input that corresponds to your device. This may be a numbered HDMI port, such as HDMI, HDMI2 or HDMI3.


Unwrap your muffin of choice. Pick away pieces of the muffin top with your fingers. Unwrap the paper cup on the muffin base if you haven’t done so. Cut the base into smaller slices, if preferred.

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The paper cup, when unwrapped and placed flat, can help keep any crumbs from spilling elsewhere. You can eat them as is, but they are great for dipping in icing or coffee as well.  Note that picking apart the muffin with your fingers will create crumbs, making this method less than ideal if you are trying to be clean, or are eating in a public space such as the car or subway. Muffins that contain larger fruit such as blueberries often lend themselves very well to piece picking, as the blueberries often can be removed from the muffin in natural chunks. Pick up the base and eat it like a piece of fruit. These smaller pieces of the base are great for dipping into coffee and icing, or holding small spreads of jam or butter.


Unwrap your muffin of choice. Slice the muffin into desired portions, using a fork and knife. Eat the muffin with your fork and knife.

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You can place it on a plate or leave it on top of its wrapper, to collect crumbs. Take note that using utensils works best on muffins that are on the moister end of the spectrum. Drier muffins are more prone to crumbling into pieces, making utensils more work than necessary.  Cutting the muffin directly in half allows a flat surface on each slice that is great for applying butter or other toppings. Cutting the muffin into smaller, bite-sized sections allows for easier dipping in coffee or icing. Using a fork is helpful when eating a muffin that contains large pieces of fruit, such as strawberries or blueberries, even if the muffin is dry and crumbly. The fruit makes a great anchor point for your fork and can allow for easy pickup of large pieces of muffin. If you find the remainder of the muffin has fallen apart into smaller chunks, use the knife to scoop the crumbs onto the fork, or use a spoon. This method is typically only possible at home, or when eating at a restaurant or bakery.


Unwrap your muffin. Grip the whole top of the muffin and twist. Eat the muffin top like a cookie. Finish eating the muffin base.

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The paper cup, when unwrapped and placed flat, can help keep any crumbs from spilling elsewhere. The motion is similar to that you would use to open a jar. Pull the top of the muffin away from the base.  This method is most reliable when the muffin top has a slight crust or hardness compared to the base of the muffin.The crust makes it much easier to pull the top away from the base in one piece. When the overall consistency of the muffin is softer or less dense, you may find the muffin top crumbling in your hands when you attempt to remove it. Be prepared to change your strategy! If the muffin is dense, the underside of the muffin top makes a great vehicle for butter or other spreads. If you found the muffin drier or more crumbly, the muffin top may be unable to receive a spread without falling apart first. In this case, it is best to eat the top plain. Eat the base as desired, either with your fingers or utensils.


Unzip the opening at the top of your punching bag. Add the first layer of filling to the bottom of the bag. Use a long tool, like a baseball bat, to pack the filling down. Continue to add layers of filling, packing them down as you go. Zip your punching bag closed once you reach the top with the filling.

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Most punching bags will have a round opening at one end of the bag that’s zipped closed. That’s where you’ll add the filling. If your punching bag doesn’t have a zipper on one end, check the manual that came with it or look online to see how it opens. If you’re just using clothes or fabric, drop some into the opening of the bag so the bottom of the bag is completely covered. If you’re using sand or sawdust bags too, drop one of those in first, then add clothes around it to fill in the bottom layer. Surrounding the sand or sawdust bags with clothes will help protect them from tearing. Packing the filling down will get rid of empty space in the bag and make the finished product more uniform. You can use any kind of long tool, as long as it reaches all the way down to the bottom of your punching bag. If you’re just using clothes or pieces of fabric, drop some into the bag over the previous layer, then pack them down with the tool. For sand or sawdust bags, continue to drop them into the center of your punching bag and surround them with clothes or fabric. Try to space the bags evenly up and down the length of your punching bag. You might not need to add a bag to every layer, depending on how many you’re using. For example, if you’re adding 5 sand or sawdust bags, and your punching bag is 5 feet (1.5 m) long, you would add 1 bag per 1 foot (0.30 m) of length. If each layer you’re making is 0.5 feet (0.15 m), you would add a bag to every other layer. Make sure you fill the bag all the way to the top so there isn’t any empty space. However, if you’re struggling to zip the top closed because the bag is too stuffed, you might need to pack to filling down more or take out the top layer.


Update Snapchat to the latest available version. Line up your face in the Snapchat camera. Press and hold on your face until a wireframe appears. Select the yellow Face Swap Lens effect. Line up your faces with the two smiley face overlays. Take a Snap with your swapped faces. Save and send your Snap.

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In order to take advantage of the new face swapping features, you'll need to be running the latest version of Snapchat. Face swapping was introduced in version 9.25.0.0, released in February 2016. You can update Snapchat using your device's app store.  On Android, open the Play Store, tap ☰, and then tap "My apps." Look for Snapchat in the "Updates" section. On iOS, open the App Store, tap the "Updates" tab, and look for Snapchat. Make sure you're in a well-lit area and your entire face is on the screen. You can be using either the front or rear camera. This will open the Lenses feature, which allows you to select from various effects to morph your face. Lenses are only available on Android devices running 4.3+ and iPhones running iOS 7.0+. If you can't get Lenses to start, your device may be too old to use it. Swipe through the available Lenses until you reach the end of the selection. You'll see the yellow Face Swap option towards the end of the selection. It has a picture of two smiley faces with arrows between them. The purple Face Swap option will allow you to swap with a picture stored on your device. See the next section for details. Hold your phone so that you and the other person are lined up in the smiley faces on the screen. They'll both turn yellow when you're in the right spot, and then your faces will be swapped automatically.  Any movements you make will be with the simulated face. So when you open your mouth, your friend's simulated face on your head will open its mouth. You can use this to make your friend make a face they normally wouldn't! Users have reported getting this to work with near-to-life faces as well, such as detailed statues. Give it a try with a statue or painting nearby and see what happens! Once your faces have been swapped, you can take a Snap like you normally would. Tap the circle button to take a photo Snap, or press and hold to record a video. Now that you've taken your Snap, you can make edits, save it, and send it off to your friends.  Tap the Sticker, Text, and Pencil...


Update Windows. Check your available free space. Run the Disk Cleanup tool to scan for and remove old temporary files. Uninstall old, unused programs. Clean up your startup sequence. Try alternative programs for some of your favorites.

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Installing the latest available updates may help fix errors you're experiencing, and will keep your computer secure and stable. Windows Update will handle all of the checking and installing. Open the Start menu or screen and type "windows update" to find the Windows Update utility. In Windows 10, you can find the Windows Update utility in the "Update & Security" section of the new Settings menu. The amount of space on your hard drive doesn't normally have a massive impact on your performance, but if you dip below 20% free space on the drive Windows is installed on, you may notice some slowdown. Windows relies on this free space to move and store temporary files, and without it your computer can slow to a crawl. Regularly clearing out old files can help keep your system running smoothly. Open the Computer/This PC window (⊞ Win+E) and find your Windows drive (usually C:). This drive should have at least 20% free space available for optimum performance. Open the Start menu or screen and type "disk cleanup" to find the utility. Select your Windows drive and wait for it to be analyzed. Check the boxes for each of the types of files you want to remove. Each entry will display how much space you will reclaim by deleting them. Check your Downloads and Documents folders to see if you're stockpiling old files you don't need anymore. As you use your computer, you'll likely accrue a variety of programs that you used once but then forgot about. These old programs can take up a lot of space on your drive, and some may be running in the background, taking up system resources. Regularly uninstalling old programs can help keep your computer running smoothly.  Open the Control Panel and select "Uninstall a program" or "Programs and Features." Make your way through the list of installed programs and remove the ones you don't use anymore. Highlight a program and click "Uninstall" to remove it. If you aren't sure what a program is, look it up using a web search. A free program called "PC Decrapifier" can scan your computer for...


Update the graphics drivers or system BIOS. Turn off or reboot your computer. Turn on your computer and boot Windows 7 into safe mode. Log in to your desktop and set the computer into sleep or hibernation mode. Resume from the Sleep or Hibernate Mode.

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Make sure the graphics driver is up-to-date as the issue may have been resolved in a later update. The BIOS may be facing difficulties communicating with Windows that are causing the system to not be able to resume from sleeping or hibernating. Check the website of the manufacturer of your computer, motherboard and video card for any updates.  It is also possible the current update for the BIOS or graphics drivers are facing problems and may require you to rollback to a previous update or prevent an update from happening. Check with your computer or device manufacturer’s website for any significant updates and how to return to a previous driver or BIOS update. Windows 7 will allow you to rollback your device drivers in case you need to return to a previous version, navigate to the “Control Panel” from the Start Menu. Search for or open the “Device Manager” which opens a new window that lists the different drivers associated with each device. In this new window, locate and expand the "Display adapters" from the list, right click your video card device to bring up a menu, click on “Properties.” In the new window click on the “Driver” tab then click on the “Roll Back Driver” button. This ensures that any updates installed on your computer are operating correctly. If the issue persists, continue through the instructions on how to activate a diagnostic mode for Windows 7. If you continue to not see a picture after putting the computer into sleep or hibernation mode, you can hold the power button down for a few seconds, turn off the power supply for your desktop, or remove the battery on your laptop to turn off the computer. This will allow you to start Windows into a diagnostic mode that is useful for identifying significant errors on your computer. During the Windows 7 startup sequence, press a function key, either F8 or F10. Use your computer’s user’s guide to identify the function key to press to access the Windows Accessibility Menu. Select safe mode from this menu using the arrow keys and pressing ↵ Enter....


Update to the latest version of Instagram. Download a video editing app. Combine the clips using your new video editor app. Add music (optional). Save the video. Open the "Camera" tab in Instagram and select "Gallery." Tap the video you want to share. Tap the → button to add filters and make edits. Tap the → button after editing to share the video. Record a multi-clip video within Instagram.

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While the iOS version of Instagram recently received the ability to create multi-clip videos (see above), this feature is not yet available for Android. There is no date set for the Android rollout, but keeping your Instagram app up to date will ensure that you have access to feature as soon as it is available. Instagram videos are limited to 15 seconds, but the company is updating the service to allow 60 second videos. This feature is currently very limited, with additional accounts being added all the time. If you want to string multiple videos together, you will need to download an app that allows you to edit and combine videos. Popular video editing apps include:  Adobe Premiere Clip AndroVid MP4 Video Merger The process will vary from app to app, but all of them should allow you to combine multiple videos together into one clip. Keep in mind that Instagram videos have a maximum running time of 15 seconds, unless your account has the new 60-second limit enabled. Many of the editing apps will allow you to select a song from your library to add to the video. The song file will need to be stored on your phone first in order to do this. Most video editing apps don't have Instagram sharing built in, unless the app was specifically designed for use with Instagram. You will need to save your combined clip to your phone's storage first. If given the choice, make sure to save the video to a common location on your phone, such as Pictures, Downloads, or Movies. Photos and videos saved on your device will be listed here. You should see your new video at the top of the list. You'll see it start to play on the screen. Once you've selected your video, you can perform standard Instagram edits, such as cropping and applying filters. You can select whether to send it to all of your followers or to a specific user. You can also give the video a caption and add hashtags. Tap the ✓ button to share the video. You can use Instagram's built-in camera to record a multi-part video clip:  Open the Camera tab in Instagram and...


Update your Xbox. Open the Xbox 360. Remove the DVD drive. Disconnect the drive. Identify the DVD drive manufacturer.

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Before you start disassembling and flashing, you'll want to ensure that your Xbox 360 has been updated recently. This is because the flashing software has been designed to work with the most recent updates, and you may run into some errors if you don't have your Xbox 360 current. See this guide for more details on updating your Xbox 360. In order to flash the DVD drive, you will need to pull it out of the Xbox 360. To do this, you will need to remove the outer panel of the Xbox. See this guide for detailed instructions on opening your Xbox 360 case. Gently pull the DVD drive straight out of the Xbox. Make sure that you do not tug the cables that connect the drive to the Xbox’s circuitry. After pulling the drive out, disconnect the two cables that attach the drive to the Xbox. You should now be able to remove the drive completely from the console. There are four different possible DVD drive manufacturers that your Xbox 360 could be using. Some drives will require more tools than others. You can identify the drive by examining the sticker on it. You only need to know the manufacturer in order to determine what tools and process you will be using. The four manufacturers are Lite-On, Samsung, BenQ, and Hitachi.


Update your computer or mobile item. Run an antivirus scan Update your Internet browser. Clear your browser's cached files Remove toolbars Use Google Chrome or Firefox. Try using a VPN.

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You should always keep your computer, smartphone, and/or tablet updated to the most recent operating system, with the exception to this rule being that you should skip this step if the item is slowing down because of age. To do so, click one of the following links for your preferred item:  Windows Mac iPhone Android on your computer. Sometimes malware or viruses can interfere with a computer's ability to access the Internet. Running antivirus software will locate and remove any harmful programs on your computer. It's a good idea to run antivirus scans once a week or so, even if everything seems to be running fine. An out-of-date Internet browser can result in slow webpage load times, choppy video, and many more symptoms commonly associated with Internet issues. For instructions on how to do so, click one of the following links:  Update Google Chrome Update Firefox Update Safari . Another aspect of your browser that can cause Internet trouble is the browser's cache. Cached information allows websites to load faster after accessing them once, but it will also result in errors and connection issues if the website's cache doesn't match the browser's records. Websites will be a little bit slower to load the first time visiting them after clearing the cache; this is normal. from your browser. The final component of your browser's performance; if your browser has several toolbars or add-ons, removing them will speed up your browser. These two browsers are generally faster than other competitors, and are available for all platforms, including Windows, Mac, iPhone, and Android. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) allow you to avoid ISP restrictions by using external servers. While this usually won't improve your Internet speed if your ISP doesn't restrict or throttle your connection, using a VPN will prevent your ISP from volitionally slowing down your network.


Update your job materials and online presence while you search. Highlight your flexible skills in your resume and cover letter. Stay professional and polite during virtual interviews. Be flexible and understanding when negotiating salary and benefits.

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If you’ve had a job for a while, then you may have let your resume or online presence lapse a bit. If you’re forced to look for new work, take some time to update and sharpen your resume and cover letter template so they're ready for the new jobs you'll be applying for. Also update your LinkedIn page, or make one if you never had an account. This will leave you well-prepared to present yourself to potential employers.  You should submit a unique cover letter to each position you apply for, so only put together a template with basic information. Then tailor that template to different positions. This way, you don't have write a whole new letter for each job. Remember to add any news skills or certifications you’ve acquired since the last time you updated your resume. For example, you may have done a computer security certification course at your last job. New skills like these could be a big help in transitioning to new industries. Double check your social media presence as well. If make inappropriate posts, potential employers might hesitate to hire you. Since so many people have lost their jobs recently, employers realize that they might get a lot of applicants that have different skillsets from what this particular position might call for. Tailor your resume and cover letter to highlight skills that are applicable to different fields to demonstrate that you’re flexible and can handle different positions.  For example, customer service experience is valuable in almost any industry. You can demonstrate that you know how to work with and manage people, mediate disputes, and see all sides of an issue. If some of your transferrable skills aren’t immediately obvious, spell out why your skills are perfect for a certain job in your cover letter. For instance, an employer might not see how your work as an accountant qualifies you for a sales position, but you could explain that your job required interacting with clients and presenting them with new ideas and services. If you do land an interview, then the business...


Update your resume. Get your qualification or trade formally recognized. Explore current Canadian job postings online. Find out if you will need a work permit.

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Canadian employers will want to see your most current resume before they consider hiring you, which is a standard practice. If you already know what kinds of jobs you’ll be applying for, gear your updated resume toward that field.   If you’re exploring the job market via the Temporary Foreign Worker Program, gear your resume toward the postings that interest you. Include information about when you are able to start working in Canada on your resume. Doing this will make it easier for you to find a job in your particular profession or trade in Canada. Typical trade qualifications are available in fields such as engineering, construction, metalwork, electrical, and catering (to name a few).  Contact the Canadian Information Center for International Credentials (CICIC) for more information and to get the ball rolling. Most people prefer to find employment in Canada before moving there, but this is not required. However, in either instance you should get a feel for what sorts of jobs are available in your field by doing online research. Working Abroad is an organization that can help you with this.  Working Abroad posts currently available job listings on their website, which makes it very simple for you to apply for jobs directly. They also hold expos and exhibitions where you can meet employers in person and apply for jobs. Contact Working Abroad for more information. Some job categories require a work permit in Canada, and some don’t. CIC provides a listing of job categories that don’t require a work permit on their website, along with many other helpful tools to get your employment situation organized.  If your particular job category requires a work permit, go ahead and apply for it. You can do this through CIC’s website.  If you don’t see your particular field listed on their website, chances are you will need a work permit.


Update your wardrobe for current trends. Organize a shopping trip. Give away any clothes that you don't wear. Mix and match clothes

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Being fashionable requires a bit of creative improvisation. Experiment with new looks and disregard anything that you don't feel comfortable with.  Updating your wardrobe can seem like a daunting task and can easily get expensive, which can be difficult especially if you’re still growing and don’t have a lot of extra money, but you can do a lot with a little. Separate your clothes into two categories: clothes you like and wear, and clothes you don’t wear. Clean out your wardrobe by donating or selling the clothes you don’t wear. Then take a look at your “keep” pile. Note which clothes are fashionable and which ones aren’t. This will help you start to build a base for your updated wardrobe. Ask a parent, older sibling, girlfriend, or any fashionable friend to go shopping with you. They might be able to offer advice and pick out some great clothes for you.  Your siblings or your friends will be able to give you advice on what works or doesn’t work for you and can help you pick out something that you might not on your own. Create a list of clothing items that you need as staples. For example, you may want to get one pair of jeans you can wear for almost any occasion, a pair of chinos, a casual button down shirt, dress shirt, and a sweater. Often times we hang onto clothes that don't fit or we hardly ever wear. Gather up these clothes and donate them to a charitable organization or sell them to a resale shop. Be prepared that your parents may be reluctant to throw out clothes that still fit you.  If your parents are reluctant to let you get rid of the clothes you already have, you can try selling them to earn your own money for new clothes. Just make sure that you are upfront with your parents. Being a teenager can make it hard to find the right fit since you may grow several inches in just a few months. Check out consignment stores for cheaper clothes, or shops like H&M and asos, which offer plenty of trendy items at lower prices.  Shopping at stores that offer lower prices can also help you to convince your...


Upgrade Dead Eye to Level 2 by playing through the story. Use Level 2 Dead Eye to mark targets. Shoot your marked targets.

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You'll eventually unlock the next level of Dead Eye mode during the "You Shall Not Give False Testimony, Except for Profit" mission from Nigel West Dickens. The Level 2 version of Dead Eye will allow you to automatically mark multiple targets so that they all get shot at once. When you enter Dead Eye mode after upgrading to Level 2, you'll be able to automatically mark targets by moving your aiming reticule over them. Enter Dead Eye mode and then move your reticule across multiple targets. You'll see little marks appear on them automatically as you move the reticule. After marking targets with Dead Eye Level 2, press R2 or RT to fire. Marston will shoot all of the marked targets in rapid succession. Marston will automatically fire at all marked targets if the Dead Eye meter runs out. You'll still shoot at someone even if they try to take cover. It's recommended that you mark targets near cover first, so that they have less time to get out of the way before getting shot.


Upgrade to a desoldering station. Melt solder with a hot air. Remove small parts with desoldering tweezers. Melt in a low-temperature solder. Detach a line of pins using a wire.

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If you see a warehouse full of circuit boards in your future, consider buying a station that includes higher quality versions of a soldering iron and desoldering pump. The station should allow you to choose a temperature appropriate for each project. This is especially useful when handling surface-mounted circuit boards (i.e. most of them), so you can avoid damaging heat-sensitive components. The brute force approach with an ordinary heat gun is a fast way to recover a board, but will almost certainly fry your components. If you want a more accurate approach, you'll need a hot air rework station. This includes a small, high-temperature heat nozzle so you can quickly melt the solder with lower risk to the surrounding components. This expensive, bulky tool is recommended only for people who plan to desolder frequently, and who have some salvage boards to practice on. Vacuum up the melted solder using a desoldering pump or the vacuum nozzle on the rework station. Each pincer on these "tweezers" is actually a soldering iron. Just pinch each pin on a surface-mounted resistor, diode, or other small component to melt the solder. A few companies make a special kind of solder that melts at low temperature, sold specifically for desoldering. When you melt this onto existing solder, it creates an alloy that lowers the melting temperature. This ensures that the solder stays liquid for longer, making it easy to remove using a pump or braid. If you have a surface-mounted component attached with many pins, desoldering one at a time will be slow and difficult. Instead, you can melt the solder on one side all at once, and use a fine wire to lift the pins up before the solder hardens again:  Apply flux and new solder across the whole line of pins, melting the old solder together. Use a desoldering braid as described above to remove most of this solder. Strip the end of a fine, enameled copper wire. Tin this end (that is, coat it in a layer of solder). Insert the wire underneath the line of pins, then solder the tinned end to...


Upgrade to an SSD. Switch to internal graphics.

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Replace mechanical hard disks if you can. They require higher power to work. An SSD uses less power as it has no moving parts. Set up your settings to use the powerful graphics chip only for playing games or running demanding applications, but you should check whether it can be done.


Upgrade your troops.

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You know how upgraded troops cost more? Well, you can save elixir by this easy tip! For example, you're almost finished upgrading your Archers to level 3. Fill up your Army Camps with level 2 Archers, maximum. When the laboratory finishes upgrading, your Archers will auto-upgrade at no extra cost.


Upload the following code. Start the car. Play around with the code.

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Type the following program into Arduino. Once finished, upload it into your circuit. This code will cause your car to move forward for 5 seconds, take a right turn, and move forward for another 5 seconds:   int Fmotor=10;// initialize all the motors int Bmotor=9; int Rmotor=6; int Lmotor=5;  void setup() {  // put your setup code here, to run once:  pinMode( Fmotor,OUTPUT);// set them as outputs  pinMode( Bmotor,OUTPUT);  pinMode( Lmotor,OUTPUT);  pinMode( Rmotor,OUTPUT);  }  void loop() {  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:  digitalWrite(Fmotor,HIGH);// code for making the car go straight  digitalWrite(Lmotor,HIGH);  digitalWrite(Rmotor,LOW);// NEVER SET A MOTOR HIGH ON BOTH PINS  digitalWrite(Bmotor,LOW);  delay(5000);  digitalWrite(Rmotor,HIGH);// Take a right turn  digitalWrite(Lmotor,LOW);  digitalWrite(Bmotor,LOW);  digitalWrite(Fmotor,HIGH);  delay(800);  digitalWrite(Fmotor,HIGH);// code for making the car go straight  digitalWrite(Lmotor,HIGH);  digitalWrite(Rmotor,LOW);  digitalWrite(Bmotor,LOW);  delay(5000); } Set the car on a flat surface. Put in the batteries and watch it go! If your battery holder has a switch, flick it to turn the car on and off. You can add your own switch by connecting the positive wire of the battery holder to the center pin of an SPST (single pole singe throw) switch. Connect the other pin of the switch to the Vin pin on the Arduino. Change the values in the code and upload your new program to change the behavior of your car. Try changing the numbers after "delay," or see what happens when you change a LOW to a HIGH or vice versa. Just make sure never to set both pins of a single motor on HIGH at the same time.


Upload the video to Google Drive. Open the Gmail website. Click COMPOSE. Enter your recipient's email address. Click the Google Drive icon. Select your video. Click Insert. Click Send. Click Share & send if prompted.

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Depending on whether the video is on your computer or your phone/tablet, this process will vary:   Desktop - Go to https://drive.google.com/ and sign in if necessary, click NEW, click File Upload, select your video's location, click your video, and click Open.  Mobile - Open the Google Drive app, tap +, tap Upload, select Photos and Videos, select your video's location, tap your video, and tap UPLOAD. Go to https://www.gmail.com/. This will open your Gmail inbox if you're already signed in. If you aren't signed in, enter your email address and password before continuing. It's a white button in the upper-left side of the inbox. A new email window will open. Type in the email address of the person to whom you want to send your video clip. You can also add a subject by clicking the "Subject" text field and typing, as well as body text by clicking the main email field and then typing in your message. It's the triangle-shaped Drive logo at the bottom of the email window. Doing so will open a Drive window. Click the video that you want to send to your recipient. It's a blue button in the bottom-left corner of the window. This blue button is in the bottom-left corner of the email window. Doing so will ensure that your recipient can view the video file after they receive it. If you aren't prompted to do this, don't worry about this step.


Upload the video to your computer. Mute the video and record yourself talking over it. Sync up the audio with your visuals. When you are happy with it, upload the video to your YouTube channel!

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If you are happy with the way your drawings turned out, the only major edit you will need to make will be to speed the video up. "Draw My Life" videos generally are sped up so the video doesn't drag during the drawings. Use editing software like iMovie or others to speed the video up. You may also wish to cut scenes that you don't think fit within the video. If you don't feel comfortable with a scene, cut it out. If you think a scene is unnecessary, cut it out. Use your editing skills from previous videos you have made. Make sure you're in a place where no one will disturb you. It is much easier to talk over the video rather than trying to talk while drawing. Use the loose script you made earlier and try to edit the audio so that it is succinct and describes the events you are drawing in a focused manner. Speak clearly and concisely so your audience will be able to understand you. Be sure what you are talking about properly lines up with what you are presenting through your drawings. This will be the step that is most arduous in terms of editing. Or you can keep it for yourself and watch it when you grow up. Take any negative comments in stride and try not to let it affect you.


Upload your image to a website, computer program, or smartphone app. Resize the image with the Image Settings. Save a copy of your resized locket picture to print out.

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You can choose free photo editing websites, like resizemypicture.com or Web Resizer. There are many photo editing apps you can download from the app store, as well. Or, try computer programs like Paint, Microsoft Office, or Photoshop. Select the image you would like to use for your locket.  Some image editing apps include Photo Editor, Photo Resizer, or Image Size. Some websites like Locketstudio.com do all the work of resizing your image for you. Upload your image, select your locket size and shape, and download your image. You can adjust the size, either by height and width, scaling percentage, or pixels. If you can resize your image with different heights and widths, enter the approximate size of your locket. Your image will convert to the size you entered.  If you have to resize your image by percentage, start by figuring out the percentage you need to reduce the image size, based on current image size. If this calculation is confusing, you can proceed by trial and error. If resizing your image by pixel, first determine your image's pixels before you resize. When you are in your image settings, select the "Pixels" option in image settings, and scale down your picture based on pixel measurement. After you have your picture size perfect, save the image so you can print it. Save it as a picture file, such as a JPEG.


Upload your videos Give your video a name. Come up with creative tags.

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. Log in to YouTube and click the Videos tab in your User page. From here, click the “+ Upload a video” button to start uploading your content. Click the “Select files to upload” button to browse for video files, or drag them into the window. YouTube will begin converting and uploading the video.  If you want to control who watches the video, click the Privacy drop-down menu and select Private. You can then add the YouTube usernames or email addresses of the people who you want to be able to view the file. You can send up to 50 private invitations per video. If you want to upload videos that are longer than 15 minutes, you will need to verify your account with Google. You can't upload something if you can't give it a name! The titles of your videos are the trigger to earning views, likes, comments, and even subscriptions at times. Tagging your videos will help make it show up when viewers search for content. Make sure that your tags apply to your video, but also make sure that you aren't using the same tags as everyone else in your genre.  Try to narrow down your appeal to a few keywords when coming up with tags. For example, instead of tagging your video as “singing”, narrow it down to the style: “blues singing”, “country singing”, “freestyle rapping”, etc. You can tag videos any way that you think people will search for it. Your tags should thoroughly describe the content of your video. Use a mixture of broad and specific tags. For example, if you are making a short comedy film about ninjas, use the tags “short film”, “ninjas”, “funny”, “martial arts”, “action”, “fighting”, “silly”, etc. You can use tags to create “sets” of videos. Create a unique tag and then apply it to each video that you want to keep together. This will lead to more clicks through to your related videos.


Urinate before starting the massage. Lie down somewhere comfortable. Press and rub your abdomen. Seek assistance from an obstetrician, nurse, or midwife.

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Be sure to urinate before massaging your uterus. A full bladder will press against the uterus, making it relax and bleed more extensively. Emptying your bladder will also make it easier to concentrate on the massage. Choose a comfortable spot to lie down for your massage (e.g. your bed or a yoga mat). If possible, choose a quiet room with very few distractions. Lie completely flat on your back. Hold your hand flat and use the entire length of it to press downwards on your abdomen, starting just below your navel. As you press down, rub your hand in a gentle, circular motion. Brace yourself for cramping or extra bleeding, which is likely to occur during the first few moments of the massage. If pain relievers have been approved by your physician, take ibuprofen before massaging your uterus to reduce the pain from cramping. To ensure that you perform postnatal uterine massage properly, ask your obstetrician, nurse, or midwife to demonstrate it prior to attempting it yourself. If you are concerned that the massage is not working, or that something may be wrong, contact your physician immediately. Signs of a problem could include:  Severe abdominal pain Pain when urinating Dizziness or fainting Vaginal bleeding that gets heavier over time (instead of getting progressively lighter)


Use  a cold compress. Rinse the rash with water and let it air dry. Take an oatmeal bath. Add some baking soda to bath water. Make a chamomile tea compress. Try some arnica ointment. Consider tea tree extract. Cool off if you have a heat rash.

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Applying an ice pack or a cool cloth is an easy way to help to soothe a rash. Try wrapping an ice pack in a paper towel an holding it on the rash for up to 20 minutes. Then, give your skin a break for about an hour or so before applying another ice pack.  You can also hold a clean washcloth under cold running water for a few minutes and wring out the excess water. Then apply the cool cloth to your rash. Use a new paper towel or cloth every time to avoid spreading the rash. If you think the rash is the result of contact with poison ivy or poison oak, you should rinse the area right away with warm, soapy water and let it air dry so you do not irritate it by scrubbing it with a towel or cloth. This will prevent the spread of the rash, as once the urushiol is washed off your skin, you cannot give anyone else the poison ivy or the poison oak.  If the rash develops due to an allergic reaction, you can take a bath or shower in cold water with non-drying soap and let your skin air dry. This can help to soothe any redness or discomfort. Change into some loose clothing when you are dry. Tight clothing may irritate a rash further, so it is important to switch to loose fitting clothing if you are dealing with a rash. Opt for lightweight, natural fiber materials, such as a 100% cotton t-shirt or a pair of loose fitting linen pants. Colloidal oatmeal baths have been used to soothe rashes and itchy skin for centuries. The gluten in the oatmeal has moisturizing properties and it coats your skin when you bathe in it. This protective coating may help to soothe the rash and reduce itchiness.  You can find colloidal oatmeal bath packets in drug stores. Mix a packet of oatmeal with warm water in your bathtub and soak in the solution for about 20 minutes. Adding baking soda to bath water may also help to soothe a rash. If you don't have colloidal oatmeal or if you are sensitive to oatmeal, then you can try taking a bath in a baking soda solution. Try adding one cup of baking soda to a bathtub of warm water and soak in the solution...


Use "A" before all words that begin with consonant sounds. Understand that there are some exceptions to this rule. Read words aloud if you're unsure.

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In English, nearly all words that begin with consonants will be preceded by the article "A." For example: a pet, a door, a green onion, a cat, a hysterical joke. Some words may be spelled beginning with vowels but be pronounced with initial consonant sounds. Words that begin in h, y, u, and eu or "e" are common words that can cause confusion.  Use "A" when u makes the same sound as the y in you: a union, a unicorn, a used napkin, a usability study. Use "A" when o makes the same sound as w in won: a one-legged man. Use "A" when eu or "e" makes the same sound as y: a European trip, a ewe lamb Do not use "A" when the h is silent. Sometimes, the way the word looks on the page is not enough to tell you which article to use. Read the word aloud in the way it sounds appropriate to you, and then base your article use on that.


Use "Mo grá thú. Try "Gráim thú. Say "Is breá liom tú. Alternatively, use "Is aoibhinn liom tú.

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" This is roughly pronounced "mow grah hoo." The first word rhymes with "low." Don't be fooled by the th in the last word — "thú" should sound like the noise an owl makes. Some regional accents pronounce it a little more like "huh," but the important point is that you should use an h sound for the word. Literally, this means "my love you," but the meaning is essentially "I love you." " This is pronounced "GRAH-im hoo." Notice that the first word is actually two syllables even though it looks like it might be just one. Also note that the first syllable is stressed, rather than the second. This is a shorter, easier version of the phrase above. The meaning is more or less the same. " This is pronounced "Iss brah lum too." Use a hard s sound (as in "sass") for the first word. It should not sound like the English word "is." Note that "breá" rhymes with "raw" and that the second word rhymes with "strum" regardless of how they look like they would be pronounced in English. " This phrase should sound like "Iss even lum too." Notice that the only word that is different between this phrase and the one above is "aoibhinn." Despite how it looks, this word is pronounced almost exactly like the English word "even."  The rest of the words are pronounced the same way as in the step above. While the phrase above means "I love you," the literal meaning here is closer to "you delight me." The meaning is less romantic and more affectionate. You can also use this phrase for objects (see below).


Use "World Health Organization" as the author. Place the year next. Add the title of the report next. Place the website at the end. Add a location and "Author" to a print publication.

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With any citation, you begin with the author's name. In this case, the report was authored by the organization, so you'll use "World Health Organization" at the beginning of the citation, followed by a period. The first part of your reference looks like this: World Health Organization. The year is when the report was published or last updated.  APA prioritizes when the text was published because this type of citation is primarily used in scientific fields. The date is usually at the top of the page, but you might also find it at the bottom. You'll place the year in parenthesis after the author. Follow the parenthesis with a period. If the publication has a month and day, add it too, placing it after the year. Use "n.d." if you can't find a year.  It will look like this: World Health Organization. (2011).  If it has a month and day, it will look like this: World Health Organization. (2011, January 5). After the date, you'll put the title of the report. You'll find the title of the report at the top of the web page or web document. In the citation, place the title of the report in italics. Follow it with a period.  When capitalizing the title of the report, use sentence capitalization, meaning you only capitalize the first word and proper nouns. Your citation now looks like this: World Health Organization. (2011, January 5). A report about health. Finally, you'll add the website you retrieved it from at the end. Before the website, you'll write "Retrieved from." Use the website for the exact location you found the report, not the general website. Your citation will look like this: World Health Organization. (2011, January 5). A report about health. Retrieved from http://www.fakewhowebsite.com/report/about_health If your report is in print, just leave the website off. However, at the end, you will need to add the location of publication, using the city and state. Then, you'll put a colon and the word "Author" to indicate that the organization is the author.  The citation will look like this one: World Health...


Use "anata wa nansai desu ka" to ask someone how old they are. Respond with your age by saying "watashi wa," then your age, followed by "sai desu. Express your birthday using the Japanese calendar.

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If you want to be even more casual, you can simply say "nansai desu ka." On the other hand, if you're talking to someone older than you or in a position of authority and want to be more formal, you would say "toshi wa ikutsu desu ka." " Counting in Japanese is fairly easy to master. If you can count to 10 in Japanese, you can form any number. Use that number for your age.  For example, if you're 26 years old, you would respond "watashi wa ni-juu-roku sai desu." If you were asked with the more casual "nansai desu ka," you can simply respond with your age followed by "sai desu ka." If you want to potentially impress a Japanese person who asks your age, you can answer them with reference to the Japanese calendar. If you were born between 1926 through 1988, you were born in the Showa era. If you were born between 1989 and 2019, you were born during the Heisei era. The year you were born translates into a number of year in the era, which in turn you can use to express how old you are. For example, suppose you were born in 1992. The Heisei era started in 1989, so you were born in the fourth year of the Heisei era. Your age is "Heisei 4."


Use "as-salaam 'alaykum" as a default greeting. Switch to "ahlan" if you aren't comfortable with religious greetings. Try "marhaba" to welcome someone. Alter your greeting based on the time of day. Ask how the person is doing. Continue the conversation if you feel comfortable.

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The greeting "as-salaam 'alaykum" literally means "peace be upon you," and is a traditional greeting among Muslims. Because the majority of Arabs are Muslims, it is also the most common Arabic greeting.  The response to this greeting is "wa 'alaykum as-salaam," which essentially means "and also with you." If you are in an Arabic country, this is a good default greeting whether you know the religious beliefs of the person you're greeting or not. Outside Arabic countries, however, you may want to use a different greeting if you know the person you're greeting is not Muslim. "Ahlan" is the basic way to say "hello" in Arabic, and is suitable for all occasions. If you're not Muslim or don't feel comfortable giving a Muslim greeting, you can use this instead.  "Ahlan wa sahlan" is the more formal version of "ahlan." Use this with people older than you or in a position of authority. The response to "ahlan" is "ahlan bik" (if you are male) or "ahlan biki" (if you are female). If someone says "ahlan" to you first, remember to adjust your response depending on whether they are male or female. This word literally means "welcome," and is typically used when you're welcoming someone into your home or the place you happen to be staying. You can also use it to invite someone to come and sit with you. It's also used simply to mean "hi" or "hello" more casually. For example, if you're sitting at a café and a friend passes and says "ahlan," you might reply "marhaba," to indicate that they can come and sit with you for a chat. There are also time-specific greetings in Arabic that you can use in the morning, afternoon, or evening. While these aren't as common, you can use them if you feel like it. They're considered relatively formal, so they're appropriate regardless of who you're greeting.  In the morning, say "sabaahul khayr" (good morning). In the afternoon, say "masaa al-khayr" (good afternoon). In the evening, say "masaa al-khayr" (good evening). As in other languages, it's common to ask after someone's welfare immediately...


Use "ergo" with a semicolon. Begin a sentence with "ergo. Be careful with commas. Follow all applicable standard grammar rules. Apply the term to both serious and lighthearted matters.

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Usually, you will see “ergo” preceded by a semicolon and followed by a comma. This is one correct way to use the word and tends to look the most natural.  Typically, you use the term to indicate how the information of one clause results from the information in the clause before it. Since the two clauses are independent, you need to bridge them together with some form of punctuation. As two independent clauses, they need to be separated with a semicolon rather than a comma.  Example: She had five cats at home; ergo, anyone allergic to cats never enjoyed staying at her house. " If done correctly, you can also begin a sentence with “ergo.” The term should still be followed by comma, as it is when used with a semicolon.  Essentially, “ergo” is used in the same way at the beginning of a sentence as it is when used after a semicolon. You're simply splitting the two independent clauses into two separate sentences.  Example: She had five cats at home. Ergo, anyone allergic to cats never enjoyed staying at her house. The most common mistake people make when using “ergo” is the dreaded comma splice. This occurs when you replace what should be a semicolon with a simple comma.  Standard coordinating conjunctions can join sentences and clauses, but conjunctive adjectives cannot do so. As a result, punctuating "ergo" the same way you would punctuate a standard conjunction—"and," "or," "but"—cannot be done.   Incorrect example: Jim got caught in traffic on his way to work, ergo, he missed this morning's meeting.  Correct example: Jim got caught in traffic on his way to work; ergo, he missed this morning's meeting.  Correct example: Jim got caught in traffic on his way to work and missed this morning's meeting.   You can surround "ergo" with commas if you are using the term to further clarify the meaning of a sentence. If you remove "ergo" from the sentence, it must be able to stand on its own.  Example: Carol enjoyed the outdoors. She decided, ergo, to spend her vacation camping. The sentence or sentences themselves must...


Use "fais/faites attention à toi/vous" for a slightly more neutral "take care. Consider other expressions of well-wishing. Use other expressions to say "see you later. Don't use "prends/prenez soin de toi/vous" in formal letters.

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" Translating literally as "watch/look out" or "take heed," this phrase is a bit less friendly than "prends soin de toi" As such, it is a great way to say goodbye to acquaintances or to interchange with "prends soin de toi" when you're looking for new vocabulary. Fais is pronouced "fays," and faites is pronounced "fehts."  Singular/Informal: Fais attention à toi → Look out (for yourself). Plural/Formal: Faites attention à vous → Look out (for yourself).  "Fais attention!" is also used to warn people of danger, both in speech and on road signs. You do pronounce the "s" at the end of the first word, since "attention" starts with a vowel. If you're saying "take care" to help someone get better or work through an issue or tough time, you have several other phrases at your disposal. Try out:   Tout le meilleur (Too leh meh-uhr) → All the best  Bonne chance (Bon shan-ce) → Good luck  Avoir la bonne santé (Av-war leh bun san-teh) → Have good health (clumsy, never used by french people, should be avoided)  Meilleurs vœux (Meh-uhr vo-eh) → I send my best wishes. " If "take care" is how you sign off on a conversation, there are other options. Some similar phrases include:   À bientôt (ah bee-en-toe) → See you soon  À plus tard (ah ploo tar) → Until later (you can drop the "tard" for a less formal goodbye)  Je m’en vais (je men vase) → I’m outta here Because the expression is relatively new in French, it is still a little weird when it is used for letters, coming across as unprofessional and unlearned. Instead, use phrases like:   Bien à toi/Meilleurs voeux (Bee-en ah twah/Meh-uhr vo-eh) → Best wishes  Amitiés (Ahm-ee-teh) → Sincerely, Kindest regards  Avec beaucoup d'amour (Ah-vek bow-coo dam-or) → With lots of love  Grosses bises(Gross beez) → With love and kisses


Use "guay" for "cool. Use "¡Órale! Use "macanudo" in Honduras and Central America. Use "padrísimo" in Mexico. Use "bárbaro" in Argentina. Use "bacán" in Chile. Use "pura vida" in Costa Rica.

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" This easy, one-syllable word is a popular term used to describe things that are fun or agreeable. It's used almost exactly like "cool" in English. You can say it by itself or use it as a versatile adjective. For example, "Es muy guay" ("It's very cool"). This word is pronounced "GWHY." It rhymes with the English words "pie" and "rye" (not "play" or "ray"). " as an interjection in Mexico. Just like in English, some Spanish slang terms aren't used in every Spanish-speaking country. This word is popular in Mexico and is used roughly the way an English speaker might use "Awesome!" or "Right on!" For instance, you might shout it after you watch an especially skillful play by your favorite soccer player. "¡Órale!" is pronounced "OH-dah-lay." Put the stress on the first "oh" sound and use the quick, delicate r sound discussed above. This term literally translates to "tough," "strong," or "big," but the meaning is similar to "awesome" or "great." Use it as an adjective. For instance: "un vuelo macanudo" ("an awesome flight"). This word is pronounced "mah-cah-NOO-thoe." Note that the d is very soft — it's closer to the English th sound (as in "the"). This is another term that's popular among Mexican Spanish speakers. The approximate meaning is "very fatherly" but it's used as a slang term for "cool" or "awesome."  This word is pronounced "pah-d-DEE-see-moe." Getting the delicate Spanish r sound right after the d can be difficult. If you're having trouble, try putting the tip of your tongue behind your top front teeth and flick it back towards the middle of your mouth as you pronounce the d. You can also say "¡qué padre!" ("how cool!") as an exclamation. This word literally means "barbarian" or "barbarous" — rough and uncivilized. However, in this context, it has a positive meaning similar to "great" or "sweet!" This word is pronounced "BADR-bah-doe." Be sure to put the stress on the first syllable. This versatile word has a few different meanings. You can use it as an exclamation like "awesome!" or "fantastic!"...


Use "i.e. Do not use "i.e. Use this abbreviation in informal documents or as shorthand.

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" to say “that is” or “in other words.” Use the abbreviation "i.e.” when you want to add on to the first part of a sentence and give the reader more information. The information should explain the first part of the sentence in more detail so the reader understands it better. For example, you may write, “I am a vegan, i.e., I do not eat any animal-based products” or “He works the morning shift, i.e., from 6 am to 1 pm.” " to say “for example” or “such as.” The abbreviation “i.e.” should not be used if you want to provide an example or illustration of what you mean for readers. If this is the case, you should use “e.g.” instead of “i.e.” “E.g.” stands for the Latin phrase “for the sake of example.”  For example, you would write, “I do not like eating raw fish, i.e., sushi.” and “I don't like Japanese food, e.g., sushi or ramen." Or you may write, “She likes poetry about love, i.e., poems that explore matters of the heart” and “She likes poetry about love, e.g., poems by the New Romantics.” You may put “i.e.” in a sentence if you are writing an email or a letter to a friend, an informal piece of writing for a class, or a quick business note. If you are writing a formal business document or an academic paper, consider using “that is” or “in other words” instead. In some cases, using “i.e.” in a news article, an essay, or an academic paper may be okay. Double check with your instructor to make sure it is appropriate for you to use this abbreviation in a paper or essay.


Use "nor" with other negatives. Stick to one “nor” if you're using it outside of its correlative pair. Opt for “nor” if your negative thought includes a verb phrase. Be careful when using "nor" alone.

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Even though "nor" is almost always used after "neither," you can use it with other negative expressions and still form something grammatically correct. As an example, "The final guest is not here, nor should we wait for her before we start the festivities," or "He has never gone fishing, nor does he have any desire to learn." When listing more than two objects or actions, separate each item in the list by a comma and precede the final one with “nor.” Do not introduce each separate item in the list with “nor.”  Compare this to the use of “nor” within its correlative neither/nor pair. When used with “neither,” you must say “nor” before each item in a list. When used without “neither,” you should only use “nor” once. Correct example: He has never experienced joy, sadness, nor anger with such passion before.” Incorrect example: He has never experienced joy nor sadness nor anger with such passion before.” There are times when a negative mood in a sentence should be followed through with "or" instead of "nor." If the second part of the negative is a verb phrase—an action—then "nor" is correct.  If the second part of the negative is a noun, adjective, or adverb phrase, however, the initial negative will be carried through the rest of the sentence, making "nor" redundant. In these instances, "or" should be used, instead. Correct example: "He never comes to practice, nor does he listen to the coach." Correct example: "She does not enjoy music or art." Incorrect example: "She does not enjoy music nor art." As a negative conjunction, "nor" is almost always used to connect two thoughts or items in a sentence that has an established negative tense. You can technically use "nor" without using any other negative term, but this is very rarely done.  Using "nor" on its own will usually seem stiff and unnatural. Since it is so rare, many will also think that you are using "nor" improperly. Even though there is no negative element within the sentence, you still need to make sure that the idea expressed after "nor" connects to...


Use "prends soin" to tell a close friend or relation to take care. Use "prenez soin" to tell multiple people or a formal acquaintance to take care. Add "bien" before "soin" to add positive emphasis. Take care of someone or something with "prendre soin de. Use the full expression "take good care of yourself," by conjugating the phrase "prendre bien soin de______. Add "est-ce que" and a subject to ask if someone takes care.

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This is the informal, singular way to say "take care" in French. As such, it is only useful for talking to one person who you are familiar with. Warning: this is very rarely used and you will sound clumsy, awkward. To avoid this, add "de toi" at the end of the sentence (pronounced "deh touah") Pronounced "pron swan." It sounds bit like a stereotypical French accent saying the English name "Bronson." Try to barely pronounce the final "n" sound in soin. "Prenez" is the vous form of "prendre," which means "to take." The vous form is for second-person plural ("you all") and for the formal tense (anyone you would call "sir, "ma'am," "Mr," or "Mrs"). You can use "prenez soin" just like you would use the English expression "take care:" It is more common to add "de vous" at the end of the sentence: "prenez soin" sound really weird. Pronounced "pren-eh swan (deh vou)" To be extra native sounding, you want a gravelly, guttural sound with the "n' in prenez, like a stereotypical French accent. This is a simple and easy way to spice up your dialogue. Simply go from "prenez soin de vous" meaning "take care," to "prenez bien soin de vous" meaning "take good care." The change is subtle, but you can use it to mix up your phrases. "Bien" is pronounced bee-en " The de allows you to add a person, place, or thing, changing the expression to "take care of ________." For example, "prends soin de ma mère" means "take care of my mom." You'll need to conjugate prendre to make the phrase work, changing the verb depending on who you're talking to. Though it is irregular, it is an easy conjugation:   Je Prends  Tu Prends  Il/elle/on Prend  Nous Prenons  Vous Prenez  Ils/Elles Prennent " Just like in English, this is the longer version of the full goodbye. You'll need to conjugate the verb "prendre," of course, to fit the subject of the person you're talking, as well as the subject.   Informal: "Prends bien soin de toi." Translates literally as "take good care of yourself."  Formal or Plural: "Prenez bien soin de vous." Translates...


Use "shalom" (shah-lohm) to mean also "goodbye. Try "lehitra'ot" (leh-hiht-rah-oht) as an alternative to "shalom. Switch to "yom tov" (yahm tahv) to wish someone a good day. Say "bye" or "yalla bye" to your friends.

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" In Hebrew, "shalom" is an all-purpose greeting that can be used both when you're meeting someone and when you're parting ways. If you're not sure exactly what to say, this is an appropriate word to use. "Shalom" is appropriate with anyone, regardless of how old you are or how well you know them. " "Lehitra'ot" is more like saying "see you later," but it's also used as a standard way of saying "goodbye" in Israel. If you learn any other way to say "goodbye" other than "shalom," learn this. This is a little more difficult to pronounce than other basic Hebrew words, such as "shalom," but if you travel to Israel, you'll hear it quite a bit. Just start slow and practice your pronunciation. A native speaker can help you. Just as you might say "have a good day" in English when you're parting ways with someone, Hebrew speakers say "yom tov." While this phrase literally means "good day," it's only used as a parting or farewell phrase, never as a greeting. You can also say "yom nifla" (yahm nee-flah), which means "have a wonderful day." It's a little more enthusiastic than "yom tov," but it's also appropriate in any context with any person. The word "yalla" comes from Arabic and doesn't have an exact English equivalent. However, it's a word that Hebrew speakers use often. Essentially, it means "time to go" or "time to move on." This phrase is informal and casual, so it's best used between friends or when talking to people your age or younger.


Use "those" to replace nouns that are farther away in space and time. Use those when something is physically far away (relatively speaking). Use those to describe when something is figuratively more distant.

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If the noun you are referring to is far from you, either physically or figuratively, you can replace it with those  That man over there is holding three chocolate bars. Do you want all of those? (Those replaces chocolate bars.) Would you like to borrow some books ? Take those over there on the shelf. (Those replaces books.)  Those were so beautiful! Thank you for the flowers you gave me yesterday. (Those replaces flowers.) That and those are both used to refer to something that is farther away from the speaker. This distance can be literal or more figurative. Using those can draw attention or emphasis to the noun you're discussing.   Those mountains look really small from here. [The mountains are far away from the speaker.] Could you hand me those boxes on the other side of the room? [The boxes are on the other side of the room.] Why haven't those scientists at NASA found extraterrestrial life? [The speaker may be emphasizing that they don't feel connected to the NASA scientists.] That and those are used to express figurative distances too, particularly distances having to do with time. Use those when something has happened in the relatively distant past or will happen in the relatively distant future.   Those shows I watched last week were absolutely extraordinary. [The shows were watched some time ago.] Did you see those letters to the editor in yesterday's news? [The letters were published in the past.] Why do all those politicians fight so much? [The speaker may be emphasizing a feeling of personal distance from the politicians.]


Use 220-grit sandpaper on the electrode. File down the grime on the electrode if it’s particularly dirty. Scrub the threads with a wire brush. Spray brake cleaner on the plug and wipe it down. Repeat the process for each spark plug.

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At the end of the spark plug (on the side that goes into the engine) you’ll find a small piece of metal extending out of the plug. That’s called the electrode. If it is black or discolored, slide the sandpaper beneath the bent over portion of the electrode between it and the plug itself and run it back and forth until you see clean metal on either side.  The spark plug electrode should look like bare metal. If it doesn’t, keep sanding until it does. Always wear eye protection and a mask when sanding. If sandpaper doesn’t do the trick, the spark plug really should be replaced, however, in a bind you can use a small file to grind away significant carbon build up on the electrode. Slide the file into the gap between the plug and the electrode and then move it back and forth to clean the metal. Chances are good that there’s a build up of oil and grime in the threads of your spark plug, which will make re-installing them difficult. Scrub at the threads with your wire brush from a perpendicular angle to the plug (so the brush is moving in the same direction as the plug’s threads) to remove the majority of the built-up gunk. Then switch and scrub it from other angles for maximum effect.  Wear gloves while you do this to avoid poking yourself with the wire brush. The threads don’t need to be perfectly clean to work, but should be free of most buildup. Brake cleaner is sold in spray cans at your local auto parts store and can be used to effectively clean grime off of many car parts. Aside from cleaning, it evaporates rapidly so the parts dry quickly. Spray some brake cleaner on the plug and threads, then use a clean rag to wipe away any remaining dirt or debris.  If your spark plugs are really dirty, you can use the brake cleaner and wire brush together to tackle stuck on grime. Make sure to wipe the plug down thoroughly with the rag after to remove all of the brake cleaner that has soaked up dirt and oil. Once that first spark plug is clean, reinstall it and reconnect the spark plug wire that goes to it. Then repeat...


Use 50 to 100 feet (15 to 30 m) of tubing with a 5⁄16 in (0.79 cm) diameter. Attach 1 end of the tubing to the flat side of a stake or dowel. Hold the other end of the tubing and fill it with water. Put 1-2 drops of food coloring in the water to make it easier to see. Use your thumbs or a cap on the ends to prevent the water from spilling.

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A water level is easy to make at home with plastic tubing and a few other supplies. If you plan to level items that are a far distance from each other, you may opt for a longer tube. Keep in mind the longer the tube, the more water you will need to use. Put the stake in the ground or clamp the stake to the end of a work table. Use nails or tape to attach the tube to the stake, making sure the open end of the tube is facing upward. Make sure there are no kinks or knots in the tube so the water can flow easily through the tube. Keep the end at the same height as the attached end of the tube, filling the tube until the water sits 2 to 3 inches (5.1 to 7.6 cm) below the attached end of the tube. Check that there are no air bubbles in the water once you have filled the tube, as this can throw off the level. This will make it easier to spot the level of the water in the tube. Another option is to use windshield wiper fluid in the tube instead of water so the liquid is colored and easy to see. You can then move the water level to another spot so you can use it.


Use ALT key codes. Hold down the ALT key. Type the corresponding accent code on the numeric keypad. Release the ALT key.

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To use these codes your keyboard must have a separate numeric keypad off to the right-hand side of your keyboard- ASCII codes will work for Microsoft Office. They may not work with all Windows programs, so you may have to check the programs individually to see if they are compatible. While there are many numeric codes to remember, the one thing you need to do for all of the codes is to first hold the ALT key. Continue to hold the key while you type the necessary numeric code. Hold Alt and type the following codes to get grave accents:  à = 0224; À = 0192 è = 0232; È = 0200 ì = 0236; Ì = 0204 ò = 0242; Ò = 0210 ù = 0249; Ù = 0217  Type the following codes to get acute accents:  á = 0225; Á = 0193 é = 0233; É = 0201 í = 0237; Í = 0205 ó = 0243; Ó = 0211 ú = 0250; Ú = 0218 ý = 0253; Ý = 0221  Type the following codes to get circumflex accents:  â = 0226; Â = 0194 ê = 0234; Ê = 0202 î = 0238; Î = 0206 ô = 0244; Ô = 0212 û = 0251; Û = 0219  Type the following codes to get tilde accents:  ã = 0227; Ã = 0195 ñ = 0241; Ñ = 0209 õ = 0245; Õ = 0213  Type the following codes to get umlaut accents:  ä = 0228; Ä = 0196 ë = 0235; Ë = 0203 ï = 0239; Ï = 0207 ö = 0246; Ö = 0214 ü = 0252; Ü = 0220 ÿ = 0255; Ÿ = 0159 The accent will appear above the corresponding letter as shown. Learning the accent codes can take some practice as there are many to remember. You can make a cheat sheet to keep by your computer so you can reference it quickly if you need to use accents often. If you use accents frequently, you should reconfigure the keyboard to better suit your typing needs.


Use African violet potting mix combined with crushed charcoal. Place the plant in a very bright area, but not in direct sunlight. Keep the room temperature between 65 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit during the spring, summer, and fall. Water the plant with “aged” room-temperature water during the spring, summer, and fall. Empty the catch saucer beneath the container every time you water the plant. Prune the lipstick plant back right after it finishes blooming.

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Lipstick plants originally grow in damp forest soil, so the best potting soil for them is one mixed with sphagnum that is kept moist, but not soggy. African violet potting mix combined with crushed charcoal is a good, commercially available mix for lipstick plants. Choose a spot next to a south or west facing window to hang the plant, and place a sheer curtain between the plant and the window. As well, maintain a room humidity of between 25 and 49 percent.  In the winter, keep the room temperature closer to 65 °F (18 °C) to encourage the plant to produce new flower buds. Do not hang the plant near a heating or air conditioning vent or near a doorway where it will be exposed to cold drafts in the winter. Aged water is tap water that has been left sitting in an open container for at least 24 hours. Letting it sit allows the chlorine to dissipate. Water the plant with aged water when the top of the potting mix begins to dry. Pour the water evenly over the soil until it begins to drain from the bottom of the container.  To make aged water, simply fill an empty milk jug or watering can a few days before the lipstick plant needs to be watered. Then fill the container again right away after watering the plant. This way, you will always have aged water ready for the plant. Allow the top 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5.1 cm) of potting mix to dry before watering in the winter. Keeping the lipstick plant a little dryer during the winter will result in more profuse blooming in the spring and summer. Water should never be left in the saucer as it could soak back up into the potting mix and make the roots too wet. Pruning encourages new, healthy stems and leaves. Each stem should be trimmed back to a length of about 6 inches (15 cm). Use sharp scissors or hand pruners and make a cut right above a leaf. If the lipstick plant becomes straggly looking, which could be due to over- or under-watering or exposure to drafts, trim the longest vines back to as short as 2 inches.


Use Chapstick as a "fire extender". Make a candle. Make a Q-tip candle.

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Uncap the container and rub the lip balm onto something flammable: cotton balls, Q-tips, cloth, gauze, lint, or even dry organic materials like leaves and bark. Then, light the material on fire. The oil in the lip balm will give your flame an extra kick of intensity, and it should help it burn for longer while you get a larger fire going.  You can also use petroleum jelly like Vaseline for this purpose.  Consider keeping cotton balls or gauze in your survival kit for precisely this purpose. Together, cotton and lip balm form a potent fire-starting combination. Add a short wick, and the waxy, oily lip balm will perform much like a standard candle. For the wick, you can use a string, a match, or half of a Q-tip – anything that will not burn too quickly. Coat the wick in Chapstick wax, then stick it into the end of the balm. Light it on fire, and you have a candle that you can use to make more fire.  Make sure to plant the wick slightly off-center from the plastic screw in the center of the Chapstick. Keep the wick very short. Otherwise, it might burn too quickly. Either way, there's a good chance that the fire will melt away the plastic rim of the container. Try cutting a Q-tip in half, then coating the fuzzy end of the Q-tip in lip balm. Stick the sharp end of the half-Q-tip into the Chapstick, then light the fuzz. It should burn well and last at least a few minutes.


Use Chicago style mainly for history, but also sometimes for the literature and arts. Provide complete information the first time you cite a work. Use only the author’s name, the title, and the page number for previously cited sources. Write “ibid” if you are citing the same source in two or more consecutive endnotes. Place the Notes page just before the Bibliography.

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The Chicago Style is also named Turabian after Kate Turabian, who wrote a style manual based on the Chicago Style while working at the University of Chicago. It is the only style used by historians.  Chicago style uses endnotes (or footnotes) to cite sources, rather than providing inline citation. This is a key difference from MLA style, which uses inline citation. In Chicago style, it is recommended to always write the author name and title, not just the author name, in subsequent citations after the first full one. In Chicago style, a bibliography typically follows the endnotes. The bibliography lists all sources in alphabetical order by author’s last name. You should add entries to it every time you create a note. The format is slightly different from endnotes. See http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html for more information. The information required will vary depending on the type of source.   Book (author) –  Author’s First and Last Name, Title (Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication), page number(s).  Book (editor) – Author’s First and Last Name, ed., Title (Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication), page number(s).  Journal Article – Author’s First and Last Name, “Title of Article,” Title of Journal Volume (Year): page number(s).  Newspaper – Author’s First and Last Name, “Title of Article,” Title of Newspaper, date, page number(s). For all source types, if there are two to three authors, list their names with commas between them. For more than three authors, write the first author's name, a comma, and “et al.” in place of any remaining authors. For a complete list of source types and their appropriate formats, see http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. If you have already cited a source once, you do not need to give full citation information for future citations of the sources. Simply write: Author’s last name, Title, page number(s). (If the title is not fiction or poetry, you can use a shortened form of the title if it is longer...


Use ETFs. Use a broker.

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Some exchange-traded funds (ETFs) aim to track silver and gold prices and are generally bought through a stockbroker. They are much like derivative contracts that track prices, but they differ in that you will not own the underlying metal assets.   Two examples of ETFs are Market Vectors Gold Miners and Market Vectors Junior Gold Miners.  The Market Vectors Gold Miners ETF attempts to replicate (before expenses and fees) the yield performance and price of the New York Stock Exchange Arca Gold Miners Index. The portfolio contains gold mining companies of all sizes from around the world. The Market Vectors Junior Gold Miners ETF debuted in 2009. This ETF has become quite  popular among investors seeking to have indirect access to gold assets. Although similar to the Gold Miners, the Junior Gold Miners focuses on smaller companies involved in an ongoing search for new sources of gold. Because these companies are less established, there is more risk involved.    Term of Investment: Short term. There is a fee assessed each year that deducts from the amount of gold backing your investment, making this an expensive way to invest.  Nature of Investment: Medium risk. Because a typical ETF investment can be short- term if you prefer, risk can be minimized. Use the same broker you would use to buy stock, a mutual fund, or shares in a gold ETF, such as GLD and IAU on the New York Stock Exchange. A gold exchange-traded fund is designed to track the price of gold while maintaining the liquidity of a stock.  Note that gold exchange-traded funds do not give you the ability to physically control the gold. Therefore, some gold advocates believe this is an inferior way to own the commodity.   Another disadvantage is that ETFs trade like stocks, and you may have to pay a commission to buy and sell on the exchange. Moreover, any capital gains you realize must be reported for tax purposes.