Start working on a business plan. Get guidance writing your business plan from the SBA. Get local business advice. Get advice directly from a local government office.

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One of the best ways to ensure a small business will be successful is planning ahead. Even if you’re fully capable of top notch auto body work, starting a business requires substantial research, analysis, and consideration.  In short, have a thorough business plan in place before committing to opening a business of your own.  Start by writing a detailed company description. For instance, address whether you’ll have a full-service shop of specialize in one service. Will it cater to a specific clientele, such as Japanese cars, or provide service to any type of vehicle? A well-developed business plan will help at every step of the process. In particular, you'll benefit from more favorable lease agreements, credit lines, conversations with potential vendors, funding opportunities, and even operational practices. Don’t think of a business plan as a tool to help you run a business. Instead, develop your plan as a way to decide whether you can move forward opening an auto body repair shop in a particular area. The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) is the best source of assistance in starting your own business. In particular, the SBA provides instructions and formatting guidelines to help you write a business plan. These materials are available for free online. The SBA will also be able to notify you of other helpful organizations that might have more specific advice regarding the auto repair industry.  The SBA can also link you with local organizations, individuals, and resources to help plan, finance, and open a business. Further, the SBA may be able to link you with a successful business professional that is willing to donate their time to help a small business.  If this opportunity is available, ask about working with someone who has experience working with auto shops. Particularly if you do not have experience starting small businesses, you’re going to need a good amount of guidance. For instance, do you know how to construct a profit and loss statement, balance sheet, and other financial statement? If...


Start working on it now. Steal some homework time on the bus. Work on your homework in between class periods. Work on homework during long waits.

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It's a lot easier to come up with reasons to do other things, and avoid doing your homework. But if you struggle to finish and find the time to complete your homework on a regular basis, this kind of procrastination is probably to blame. The easiest way to steal extra time for your homework? Just do it. Now.  Do you really need an hour of TV or computer after school to decompress? It might be easier to just dive into your homework and get it done while the skills are still fresh in your mind. Waiting a couple hours means you'll have to review your notes and try to get back to the same place you already were. Do it while it's fresh. If you've got three days to read an assignment, don't wait until the last evening to do it all. Space it out and give yourself more time to finish. Just because you've got a due date that's a long time away doesn't mean it wouldn't be easier to finish now. Stay ahead of the game. Try either waking up earlier or going to bed later. But don't get too tired! You'd be surprised how much time you've probably got hidden throughout the day that you might be able to use more effectively. A long bus ride is a great opportunity to do some of your less-intense homework, or at least get started on looking through it to plan how you'll do it when you get home.  If you've got to read a bunch of stuff for homework, read on the bus. Pop in some headphones to white noise that'll drown out the shouting of other students and tune into your book. The bus can be distracting, or it can be a great resource. Since it's full of your classmates, try to get other students to work with you and get things done more quickly. Work together on the math problems and try to figure out things together. It's not cheating if everyone's doing the work and no one's just copying. Also, you might make some new friends while you're at it! Sometimes passing periods are quite long, as much as 10 minutes. If you get to your next class quickly without dallying in the hallway to talk to your friends, you can steal as much as an...


Start working out. Try out yoga. Eat right.

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Whether aerobics or weight-training, walking or jogging, you can work out to better tone your butt and body overall. A fit and toned big butt is better than just a large one. You can do extra exercises for your glutes to shape them up even more.  Squats are the go-to exercise for toning and shaping your butt. Fortunately squats are like many butt exercises, and require no equipment. You’ll need to work out your waist and legs as well as your butt for a balanced look. Look for exercises that targets groups of muscles for added efficiency. If you have the time, yoga works towards toning your whole body and making you more flexible. Look for poses that target your glutes, thighs, and lower back. Yoga is relatively easy to pick up, and can be done at home for those a little gym-shy. Another way to get control over your body shape, a healthy diet will work towards a slimmer waist and slighter features. For most this will include having a smaller, better-shaped butt. Of course, eating healthy will mean different things for different people, so it’s best to consult your family doctor for the best tips on using diet to slim down. With both a healthy diet and a solid exercise regimen, you should be on the way to a nicer looking behind.


Start wrapping the bag at the center. Pull the wrap tight as you can. Wrap around the sides of the bag. Wrap the top and bottom of the luggage. Secure the end of the wrap with tape. Cut out holes for the handle and wheels, if your suitcase has them. Be prepared to have your wrapping cut off by security.

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Place the end of the wrap in the middle of one of the larger sides and wrap the plastic around the bag while you hold the end. When the wrap comes around and touches the end, it will hold the end in place. Once the center is wrapped several times you can begin wrapping repeatedly without having to hold the end any longer. In order to get a tight seal on your bag, you need to put some tension on the wrap as you move it around your bag. This will ensure that the layers of plastic stick tightly to each other. In order to wrap the sides completely, you will need to move the plastic wrap box up and down while you wrap the side of the luggage. Ensure that the entire surface is covered in the plastic. Once you have wrapped the bag completely up and down the sides, you should wrap it top to bottom as well. Turn the bag onto its side and wrap around the bag, covering its top and bottom completely. When this is done, every surface of the bag should be covered in plastic. Once you have wrapped your whole bag in plastic, you will need to attach the end so the whole thing doesn't unravel. Use a piece of packing tape or duct tape to attach the end to the rest of the plastic wrap. In order to allow you to move your suitcase easily, cut small slits in the plastic wrap that will allow you to pull up your retractable handle and to roll your wheels. As long as you make the cuts small and only in the areas of the handle and the wheels, the rest of the stretch wrap will stay in place. If you have a nice piece of luggage you want to be careful when cutting the wrap. Be sure not to cut or nick the luggage while your are cutting the plastic. One of the downsides of wrapping your bag at home is that it might be cut off during security screening. If this happens, you will not be able to rewrap it before it is loaded onto your plane the same way that commercial wrapping businesses are allowed to. However, there is a good chance that your bag will go through security without being opened. Most bags are simply x-rayed and then allowed to...


Start writing Elvish in the Quenya mode. Indicate vowels properly. Use a place holder for some vowels. Draw a wavy line to indicate a double consonant. Learn the special rules regarding certain letters.

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The Quenya mode is most commonly used in written Elvish today.  Different modes of writing the Tengwar alphabet are used for different dialects.  These different modes affect, among other things, the way vowels are indicated when written down. Barring some specific rules regarding certain letters, you may be able to simply replace most consonants in your English name with their equivalent in the Tengwar alphabet. For instance, to write the name "Dan," first simply find the Tengwar equivalent of "D", "a", and "n." Vowels will usually require a shift in lettering and marking, as opposed to a simple replacement of the letter.  In the Quenya mode, vowels are indicated by diacritics that appear above the preceding consonant. Accordingly, shift the marking for a vowel up and to the left, so you end up writing it above the letter that came before the vowel.  Continuing with the example of "Dan," shift the marking for the letter "a" above the preceding marking for the letter "D". Follow these stacked markings with the marking for the letter "n", and you've written "Dan" in Elvish! For “y” and “e”, the markings to indicate these letters go below the preceding consonant instead of above. In Sindarin mode, diacritics that indicate a vowel appear above the following consonant. More specifically, draw a place holder beneath vowels that are not preceded by a consonant.  For instance, when a vowel starts a word or follows another vowel, you need something beneath the marking for a vowel.  This is most commonly a short vertical line that simply takes the place of the consonant that isn’t there. Double consonants of the same letter are indicated by a wavy line written beneath a letter.  More specifically, instead of writing the same consonant twice in a row, write it once, then draw a wavy line beneath the letter. Depending on where “s” and “r” are located in a word, certain markings most necessarily accompany or replace these letters. For instance, when “s”, “ss”, or “r” follow a vowel, there is actually a different...


Start writing in a journal. Identify situations as if you were filming a scene. Identify the emotions you were feeling in the situation. Identify your behavior in reaction to the situation. Identify thoughts that you had while in the situation. Rate the strength of each thought. Determine a more assertive response to this situation. Re-rate your original emotions. Try to journal regularly.

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In order to learn how to communicate assertively, it is important that you learn how to effectively manage your emotions.  For some, just gaining insight into their own emotional processes can be enough to help them change the way they communicate with others and enable them to express their emotions in a more assertive manner.  Keeping a journal can be the best to get to the bottom of your behavior, by recording situations and asking specific questions that relate to assertiveness. Write down situations that trigger your emotions. Stick to facts and try not to make any interpretations in this first step.  For example, you may simply write, “I asked my friend to go out to eat, and she said ‘no’.” Be honest about how you felt.  Specify what emotions you were aware of at the time, and rate the intensity of each emotion on a scale from 0 to 100 (not intense at all to extremely intense). Just give an estimate but be honest with yourself. Note any physical symptoms you may have felt at the time.  Ask yourself, “What did I do?” and “What did I feel in my body?” For example, if someone ignored your phone call, maybe you felt sick to your stomach or tension in your shoulders. These thoughts may be assumptions, interpretations, beliefs, values, and so forth.  Ask yourself, “What was I thinking?” or “What was going through my head?”  For instance, you may write down: “I agreed to go out to eat when she asked me, so she should have said yes when I asked her,” or “Saying no was rude of her,” or “Maybe she doesn’t want to be my friend anymore.” Again using the 0 to 100 scale, rate the strength of your thoughts in the situation.  Record a “0” if you didn’t believe the thought, or a “100” if you believed it 100%.  Then ask yourself, “Am I thinking in a passive, assertive, or aggressive manner?”  Record your response to this question.  Record any evidence for, or against, each thought.  Evaluate whether there may be other ways to interpret the situation. In order to find a more balanced and assertive manner of thinking and...


Start writing your book!

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You have now completed all the steps and twists needed to plan your book, but now it is time to write it. wikiHow offers several different how-to's about writing books that you should use as references:  How to Write a Book How to Write an Autobiography How to Write a Book As a Teenager How to Write a Children's Book How to Write a Credible Fantasy Story How to Self Publish a Book  How to Publish an Ebook How to Write a Short Story How to Write a Novel How to Write a Short Novel How to Write an End of a Novel How to Plan out a Novel How to Write a Rough Draft How to Prepare for Writing a Book How to Write Your Life Book


Start writing. Use word tags and clouds to help people sift through your posts. Post pictures. Link your blog to your social media accounts. Post at least once per week. Post links to other blogs or interesting topics.

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Many people simply blog about what is relevant in their lives. When in doubt, keep it short. People usually like to scan for topics that are important to them. Instead of listing blog posts by date, use the free options to categorize them by topic. Each post will apply to several topics. Each blogging platform gives you the opportunity to associate different keywords with your post. These will help you categorize them for your blog and on search engines. Include a relevant picture in each post. Each platform allows you to change the position of the photo and its size, as well as keep a media library.  Keep a camera phone or camera with you at all times, so that you can get unique images for your posts. Some people sort through Google images to find media that goes with their post. Beware of using copy written images in your blog. Add widgets to your blog that bring up Facebook, Twitter or LinkedIn posts. This is especially important if you are trying to increase the number of followers or friends you have. You must remain consistent to encourage people to read your blog. Your blog should regularly cross-reference other interesting people so that it becomes a source for reliable and fun information.


Start young, if possible. Handle your horse's head, ears, and neck. Introduce your horse to the halter. Practice leading. Avoid punishing your horse.

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It can be difficult to halter break an adult horse. Therefore, if possible, start halter breaking the horse as soon as he is born.  Foals should be handled by adults right away. You want horses used to a human touch as young as possible. Try placing a halter on a foal within his first few days of life.  Place the haler on and off your foal each day as he grows up. He will begin to accept the halter as a normal part of life. Later, he will easily go along with being haltered as an adult. If you have an adult horse who is not halter-broken, you'll have to start slow. To begin, handle your horse's head, ears, and neck. Each day, interact with the horse. Pet his neck, ears, and head.  Reward the horse for allowing you to touch him. Offer treats, like carrots or apples, if he remains calm when you're petting him.  Talk gently to your horse as you go. Provide soothing words to prevent the horse from getting nervous or upset. Once the horse is comfortable with your touch, introduce him to the halter. For a few days, simply hold the halter as you pet him. Allow him to sniff the halter and get used to its presence and scent. Then, try gently slipping the halter over his nose and ears.  It may take multiple tries. If a horse gets antsy with the halter over his nose, take the halter off. You can try again the next day.  It may be a few days before you get the halter on the horse and buckled properly. This is normal. It's important to have patience and let the horse work at a pace that does not frighten him. If your horse develops an aversion to the halter, halter breaking will be even more difficult. Once the horse is used to the halter, you'll need to practice leading. Attach a lead rope to the halter and begin your practice sessions.  During the first few sessions, stand to the right of the horse. Pull on the lead rope, applying pressure, to encourage the horse to move. When your horse turns his head towards you, praise him. Reinforce the good behavior with treats. Give him a slice of apple, for example, when he turns...


Start young. Learn about the attributes that the best players possess. Know the sacrifices you'll have to make. Understand the monetary cost. Join the United States Tennis Association (USTA).

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Since experience is so important in turning pro, the best players started extremely young. Playing tennis dominates their life from childhood onward. You'll likely lose out on many experiences that your peers have.  The average age that top players started tennis was 6 or 7 years old. The later you start in life, the lower your chances of becoming a top competitor are. Starting in your late-teens drastically decreases chances of becoming a professional. The top professional tennis players in the world often share a number of similar attributes. These attributes are both natural and acquired. Ultimately, these important attributes and practices helped set them apart from their competition.  Top players are often faster and more agile than their competitors. Top players practice less on average. Top players do more fitness training than other players. Top players are often slimmer than their competitors. Being a professional tennis player involves many sacrifices. You'll have to give up a lot of time to get the practice you need to succeed. You'll miss out on a lot when you're on the road competing in tournaments. As a result, you should greatly consider all of the sacrifices you'll make if you choose to go professional.  Your academic career in secondary school and college will probably suffer. Many professional tennis players are tracked as pro in middle school or early high school and are unable to attend college until later in life. Your family, social and love life will be impacted as much of your time will be devoted to practice and travel. Becoming a professional tennis player is no cheap endeavor. If you choose to go professional, you'll be putting yourself on a path that costs a lot of money. This is a cost that most people cannot afford.  You'll need money to pay coaches early in your career. You'll have to pay for travel and other costs associated with competing in tournaments far from home. Most professional players do not make money playing. It is estimated that it costs $160,000 to compete...


Start your ascent. Get on top of the first branch. Ascend using large, live branches. Follow the three point rule. Keep your body close to the tree. Use caution around weak branch unions. Tug each hold before putting your weight on it. Identify the safest maximum height. Descend slowly and carefully.

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If you can reach the lowest branch, grip it with one hand and wrap the other arm around the trunk. Place your feet on a sturdy gnarl, or grip the sides of the trunk with your thighs and calves. If the branch is too high to reach easily, try these advanced techniques instead:  If you need to jump to grab the branch, do so right next to the trunk. See the next step for advice on how to get on top of the branch. If you have strong legs, you can climb trees with a higher lowest branch. Run with moderate speed at the trunk. Plant the ball of your dominant foot on the tree and push upward against the tree while jumping with the other foot. Throw your arms up to catch the branch, or use one arm to grab the trunk and one to grab the branch. Now you're holding the branch from underneath. Depending on the height of the branch and the number of nearby footholds, you may be able to get on top of it just by pulling yourself up. Here are a couple techniques that help with more challenging trees:  Pull Up: Pull yourself up so both biceps and forearms are resting on the branch. Swing and lift to get your elbows up on the branch, or all the way to your lower stomach if you have enough upper body strength. Swing your legs up to straddle the branch. Leg Swing: Grip the branch with both hands. Swing one leg up and over the branch. Wrap your arms around the branch so your biceps are on top. Swing your free leg backwards while pressing down with your biceps to swing yourself on top of the branch. If you can't reach any branches at all, try the coconut palm techniques until you reach the lowest branch. Once you're on top of a large branch, look for a secure route to the next one. Grip branches as close to the trunk as possible. If a branch is less than 3 inches (7.5 cm) in diameter, do not use it for more than one limb. When placing your foot on a small branch like this, wedge it perpendicular to the branch, where it meets the trunk.  Avoid broken branch stubs and dead branches. Dead wood may break without warning. If the bark is...


Start your business. Create short and long-term business plans. Designate a space for a studio. Purchase supplies. Find a mentor for you and your business.

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You may need to found a legal entity to legitimize your business. Starting your business as a legal entity, including having a marketing strategy and billing structure, can help show potential clients that you are a serious businessperson.  If you have any questions, consult the Small Business Administration, which was set up to help smaller companies.  Check with local authorities to ensure you have all of the correct licenses, certificates, and any insurance you need to start your business. The Small Business Administration can also help if you have any questions.  In some cases, you may not have to set up a legal entity for a freelance business. However, it may be advisable to establish a proper business to limit your potential personal liability if problems with your business arise.  Make sure to register your business with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or other tax authorities.  You may want to hire a local accountant to help you navigate the financial side of your business, from registering with the IRS to budgeting. Write out short and long-term plans to guide your business. This is important to help develop your business and accommodate for any contingency, such as an illness or a lawsuit. Be as detailed in your plan as possible. List your responsibilities. Create a working list of services and prices that you can tailor to demand. Finally, make sure to calculate any costs you may have to take on for supplies and payroll. You will need to have a designated space in which to run your freelance business. Set aside a room in your home or rent an office space where you can do your work without interruption.  You will need sufficient space to meet with clients, complete your projects, and store your materials.  Make the space warm and inviting to your clients. It should be clean and tidy.   If you are using a space within your home, set up a separate entrance to your studio for your clients. Otherwise, you will have customers walking through your home, which will require you to have it tidy, clean,...


Start your car and let it idle warm the car up. Spray your car with a saltwater solution. Apply an alcohol and water solution to melt the ice. Buy a commercial de-icer if the homemade solutions fail. Use a squeegee, soft-bristled brush, or your windshield wipers to scrub away the residue. Keep an ice scraper in the car all winter to chip ice off your windshield.

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If your car has a "defrost" setting on the temperature gauge, put it on. Wait at least fifteen minutes for the glass to warm up.  Never attempt to try to defrost the windshield using water, hot, cold, or warm. Using warm or hot water can cause the glass to break due to thermal shock due to temperature change. In very cold climates, cold water can also freeze on the windshield, making your troubles even worse. While your car is warming up, make sure no ice, snow, or other materials are blocking the vehicle tailpipe. Remove any blockage to prevent the possibility of carbon monoxide poisoning. If you drive in a very snowy area, wait until the ice has noticeably begun to melt before proceeding to the next step. It may take thicker ice well over fifteen minutes to sufficiently begin melting. This will dissolve the ice via chemical reaction rather than melting it with heat. The ions in salt also lower the freezing point of water, making it difficult for water to refreeze. Apply the saltwater sparingly to your windshield since heavy salt exposure may cause damage to the glass. While normal table salt will suffice in above freezing temperatures, you may want to consider using road salt, which is commonly shoveled onto pavements to quickly melt ice and reduce the risk of someone slipping and falling. Road salt has a different chemical composition that makes it more effective at freezing temperatures. Make a 2:1 rubbing alcohol to water solution and fill a spray bottle with it. Spray the solution onto all desired windows.  You can also add a few drops of dish soap to the solution. Adding chemicals is similar to adding salt and lowers the freezing point of water. This will melt the ice more quickly than warm water. Unlike the saltwater solution, the alcohol solution can be sprayed liberally without risking damage to your car. Most commercial formulas work well but tend to be costly. Like scrapers, these formulas shouldn't be hard to find at your local car supply store. Almost every auto store has a section dedicated to...


Start your celery seeds indoors 10-12 weeks before the last spring frost. Transfer seedlings to the garden 2 weeks before the last spring frost. Give the seedlings plenty of space. Place the seedlings in the ground and cover with soil. Water the planting area very thoroughly. Add mulch to the planting area.

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You can sow the seeds in peat pots with several seeds per cell to ensure that at least 1 will germinate into a seedling.  To speed up germination, you can pre-soak your seeds in water overnight.  Cover with about 1 inch (2.5 cm) of potting soil, but do not pat down with your fingers after sowing the seeds. Celery seeds need a lot of light to germinate. Water the peat pots to moisten the soil after planting your seeds. Place your seeds in a warm place so that the soil stays between 70 and 75° Fahrenheit (21-24° Celsius) until the seeds germinate. This should take 2 to 3 weeks. After germination, place the seedlings in a cooler indoor location so that the soil is between 60 and 70° Fahrenheit (16-21° Celsius). Carefully thin the seedlings so that there is only 1 per cell after they germinate. Make sure that it is not too cold outside. Celery can handle a light frost, but temperatures below 55 °F (13 °C) in the day and 40 °F (4 °C) at night for longer than 1 week can harm your celery plants. Plant the seedlings 6 to 12 inches (15.2 to 30.5 cm) apart in rows 18 to 36 inches (45.7 to 91.4 cm) apart. You only need to dig holes slightly deeper than the depth of the peat pots cells. Pat the sides of the cells to get the seedlings to slip out without harming the roots. Only cover up to the first level of foliage and pat the planting area around the seedlings lightly with your hands for support. Celery requires constant moisture, so do not allow the soil to dry out at any time. If celery does not get enough water, the stalks will be stringy and bitter. Be sure to water several times per week and increase your watering routine during particularly warm or dry spells. To keep the soil cool and moist, add a few inches or centimeters of mulch made of leaves, grass, hay, or other plant material on top of the soil. Doing so also helps reduce the ability of weeds to infiltrate the planting area.


Start your conversation. Broach some easy topics of discussion. Keep the conversation going. Try to avoid awkward silence.

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To start your conversation, all you need to do is say something like "Hi, how are you?" This gives you an opening statement and a question for your partner to respond to. It gets you past the awkwardness that can develop when each person is waiting for the other to talk and lets you jump right in to the conversation. Be ready — once you start, there's a good chance your partner will ask you a few pleasantries about how you are doing. Having one or two questions ready beforehand helps here. This way, you won't need to waste time during your conversation to think about them. Try to pick topics that your partner will be interested in and able to comment on. If it's obvious that they have a certain interest, ask about this. If not, you can simply comment on whatever you're both doing at the moment and ask for input. As the conversation progresses, continue commenting on the things that are being talked about during pauses and ask for your partner's input. As you continue the conversation, you learn more about the person you're talking with. This will make it easier over time to have conversations that feel natural and can give you some opening topics next time you talk. If you sense awkward silence coming, change the topic or end the conversation. By avoiding the silence in the first place, you are avoiding the common problem of rambling to try to bring the silence to an end. If you do find yourself in this situation, calm down and simply ask them about something "easy" like their family, a movie that's out right now, or the area where they live. These sorts of topics can "rescue" you from awkwardness. If things do get awkward, remember that you can always simply leave!


Start your day with breakfast. Have a healthy lunch. Introduce salads into your diet. Stay away from sugary and fried foods.

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It should be the largest meal, as it provides you with energy for the day. Find low-calorie, healthy foods that contain nutrients, such as oats and orange juice. You can still have your favorite breakfast foods, but cut down on the amounts that you take in order to balance out your calories. For example, if you want pancakes and yogurt, give yourself three pancakes, a cup of low-fat yogurt, and about three tablespoons of maple syrup. By being moderate in your serving sizes, you can still enjoy your favorite foods while maintaining a healthy weight.   You should attempt to cut out syrups and sauces from your diet, as these contain high calories. Excess calories will eventually build up in your body, causing extra weight. Find a healthier alternative, such as lemon juice on pancakes. Have a cup of green or mint tea. It speeds up the metabolism and also contains antioxidants. If you crave sugar, replace sugary snacks with fruits. Mangoes, bananas, and an occasional drizzle of chocolate syrup are good for your body. In order to maintain your energy levels throughout the day, introduce foods with carbohydrates into your diet. Pack a healthy sandwich, but cut back on the mayonnaise or jelly. If you like having spreads on your bread, find healthier ones with lower calories. Also, you could look up recipes for healthier sandwiches. Ones that contain healthy vegetables, such as lettuces and tomatoes, are excellent suggestions.  More examples of healthy lunches include:  A ham sandwich with mustard, a plate of broccoli, and a glass of skim milk Flavored water, a peanut butter sandwich with jelly under thirty calories in one serving, one banana, a handful of nuts, and a blended smoothie You can mix healthy foods together into one, yummy bowl. Pasta salad is a great choice and can be prepared the night before for minimal morning stress. Simply cook pasta (preferably whole wheat but optional) and add steamed vegetables, such as carrots, broccoli, green beans, peas, etc. Protein, such as chicken or tuna, should also be...


Start your fall pruning early to make the process easier. Lay down a tarp or cloth. Gather your tools. Know when to prune your plant. Remove dead foliage. Prune your plant from the bottom up.

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You can begin your fall pruning in late summer when the days begin to cool. Remove any overgrowth, dying branches, or areas you intend to trim. Removing them now will prevent the leaves from blowing off and sticking to everything in your yard. Aggressive trimming in the late summer will also reduce the cutting back you need to do over the winter. Be careful not to trim certain plants like berries or fruiting trees until after the last harvest. If there is a hard to clean area of your landscape (think sculpture gardens, ponds, or rosebushes) place burlap or another material over the ground when the first leaves fall.  Weigh the area down with heavy rocks or ties to prevent the cloth from blowing away. Every few days fold the cloth in half and scoop the leaves out. Lay the cloth back down for as long as necessary. This trick works great for trees that bear fruit you don’t harvest. Lay the tarpaulin under the tree to stop the berries and fruit from creating a large, impossible to clean mess. To prune your trees and plants, you will need a sharp pair of shears, a loppers, and a hand shears. If you’re pruning a plant larger than 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter you may need a hand or electric saw as well. While most plants are pruned in the dormant season (late winter) some plants like hydrangeas grow their buds in the fall and need to be pruned in late summer. Follow any instruction cards you received with your plant. Remove any dead stems or leaves from your plant at the base of the plant, as these will not grow again. Removing them allows the plant to focus on new growth. Also prune back any diseased or poor performing stems. When removing healthy stems to create shape, prune back as far as the branches or leaves to encourage healing. Don’t cut off the top.  New pruners often work from the top down to bring the plant to size before removing smaller growth. This will cause the plant to retain some of its unwanted growth and disfigure the plant over several years. Instead, prune from the bottom of the plant and after...


Start your full citation with the name of the author. Provide the title of the article in quotation marks. List the name of the website where the article appears. Include publication information for the article and the website. Copy the direct URL (or permalink) for the article. Close your full citation with the date you accessed the article. Use the first item in your full citation for in-text citations.

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If the article has an identified author, provide their last name followed by a comma, then their first name. Place a period after the author's name. If no author is identified, start your citation with the title. Example: Bernstein, Mark. Type the name of the article using title-case. Capitalize nouns, pronouns, verbs, and adverbs in the title. Place a period at the end of the title, inside the closing quotation marks. Example: Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web." The name of the website follows the title of the article. Use title-case, capitalizing nouns, pronouns, verbs, and adverbs. Put the name of the website in italics. Place a comma after the name of the website. Example: Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web." A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites, Following the name of the website, list the name of the publisher or sponsoring organization if it is not included in the name of the website. Place a comma, then type the date the article was published in day-month-year format. Place a comma after the date. Example: Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web." A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites, 16 Aug. 2002, Use the full URL, without the "https://." If the article was found in a database and has a digital object identifier (DOI), use that instead of the URL. Place a period at the end of the URL. Example: Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web." A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites, 16 Aug. 2002, alistapart.com/article/writeliving. Even though an access date isn't specifically required with MLA format, this information is recommended. Websites can be updated, and the information in the article or the location of the article on the website may change. Type the word "Accessed," then provide the date in day-month-year format. Example: Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web." A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites, 16 Aug. 2002, alistapart.com/article/writeliving. Accessed 4 May 2009. A basic MLA in-text citation includes...


Start your full citation with the name of the instructor. Provide the title of the lecture or presentation. Include the date, name of the course, and name of the university. Identify the type of document being cited. Use the instructor's name for in-text parenthetical citations.

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List the instructor's last name first, followed by a comma. Then write out their first name. Place a period after the end of the instructor's name.  Example: Kent, Clark. If you're using your own notes from the lecture as a reference, your citation should be to the lecture itself, not to your personal notes. So you'd still use the instructor's name as the "author" of the lecture. After the instructor's name, include the title of the lecture or presentation in quotation marks. If you are citing a written handout or slide show, use the title provided for that document. Use title-case, capitalizing all nouns, pronouns, verbs, and adverbs. Place a period at the end of the title, inside the closing quotation marks.  Example: Kent, Clark. "Superheroes in the 21st Century." If the lecture doesn't have a specific title, provide a brief, general description of the topic of the lecture. If you're citing presentation slides or the lecture itself, list the name of the course first, followed by a comma. Provide the date the lecture was given in day-month-year format, then a comma. Type the name of the college or university where the lecture was given, followed by a period.  Example: Kent, Clark. "Superheroes in the 21st Century." Political Science 230, 27 Feb. 2018, Metropolis University. If you're citing a course handout, place the name of the college or university immediately after the name of the course, followed by a period. Use the word "Received" and then provide the date you received the handout in day-month-year format, followed by a period. For example: Kent, Clark. "Superheroes in the 21st Century." Political Science 230, Metropolis University. Received 27 Feb. 2018. For the last piece of your citation, provide a description for the medium used. If you are citing the lecture as a whole, use the word "lecture." Close your citation with a period.  Lecture example: Kent, Clark. "Superheroes in the 21st Century." Political Science 230, 27 Feb. 2018. Metropolis University. Lecture. Handout example: Kent, Clark....


Start your harvest when your crop is 16 weeks old. Reap the tops of the plants with a sickle during dry, sunny weather. Lay down a tarp in a well-ventilated area. Thresh the seeds onto the tarp with a stick or bat. Winnow the seeds in 2 large buckets to remove any residue. Store the seeds in a 32 to 40 °F (0 to 4 °C) area with low humidity.

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Look for seeds that have not split open near flowers in full bloom. Feel the seed husks to see if they are hard to the touch. Most of the leaves from the stalk will have fallen off at this point in the season.  In the United States, harvest usually occurs in early October. Seeds on the same plant will mature at different times. While some of the lower seeds may be mature, seeds higher on the plant may not be ready yet. Watch your plant carefully to determine when to harvest your plant for maximum yield. Keep the fallen leaves on the soil to compost for next growing season. Make your cuts below the lowest grouping of seeds. The seeds should resemble small marbles without any cracks. Hold the top of the stem with your hands and slice through it with your sickle just below the lowest seed husk. For larger commercial crops, use a combine with a dual-beam cutter. Make sure the tarp lays flat on the ground. If you’re inside, keep a few windows open so there is a breeze and fresh air coming in. If you’re outside, lay the tarp down on the ground in an open area. A clean bed sheet also works if you don’t have a tarp. Hold the end of the stem just below the lowest seed husk with your non-dominant hand and use your dominant hand to hit the stalk with a stick. The seeds will break off of the stem with each hit. Collect the fallen seeds in the tarp you’ve laid down until you’re finished. Use a machine thresher for large crops. Pour the seeds you’ve collected into a 5 US gal (19 L) bucket. Hold the bucket 1 foot (0.30 m) above another empty bucket and slowly dump the seeds into it. Any residue from the stem or seed husk will blow away as you pour the seeds. Repeat the process 6 to 10 times to remove all the residue.  Use an industrial winnower for commercial crops to save time and energy. Point a fan at the buckets if the area you’re working in has poor air flow. Pour the seeds into a container 10 inches (25 cm) deep and seal it with a lid. Store the seeds in a large fridge or cool area so they do not germinate in storage....


Start your outfit by laying a solid foundation of proper-fitting undergarments. To create variation with simplicity, keep a stock of basic wardrobe essentials on hand. Don’t be afraid of color in your closet. Clothing should mirror your shape; avoid anything too tight or too loose. Plus-sized clothing doesn’t always mean a plus-sized price tag.

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Well fitting bras and panties are a must to avoid awkward lumps and bumps under clothing. Take the time to get measured at a specialty store to get under garments tailored to your shape. Try shape-wear for under skirts, dresses, and blouses to smooth your stomach and thighs. 	Many offer variations of camisoles and shorts to fit your needs. Don’t be afraid to indulge yourself with a pretty lacy bra or pair of panties. Feel confident about what you have on underneath it all. Outfit yourself with at least one pair of good fitting jeans, simple t-shirts, button-up blouses, a pretty skirt, and a few plain cardigans. Solid colors and low-maintenance patterns are good to have in any style of clothing, and are flattering to all wearers. Layering creates interest and is easy to do. Top off any outfit with a simple sweater or jacket for added depth. Black is the most slimming of shades, but don’t rely on it too much. Find clothing in colors you prefer, no matter the hue. Often time’s plus-sized women are warned of the woes of wearing white; ignore that! White can be flattering to any size woman when worn in a flattering style. Don’t hide under dull colors. Just because a color may be dark or smoggy doesn’t mean it makes you look smaller; contrariwise, bright colors don’t necessarily make you stand out or appear larger. Shapeless clothing is exactly that – shapeless. Don’t wear loose-fitting clothing to try to hide your body. The baggy layers will end up making you appear larger. Your clothes should fit your body, but not cling. Anything too tight will accentuate any unflattering bumps you may have. Search for clothing with ruching and wrapping-patterns. These will fashionably cover up any problem areas you may be concerned about. Tailors are an oft-forgotten but incredibly handy tool. Don’t be afraid to take an article of clothing you love and get it altered to better fit your shape. Try looking in Torid, Modcloth, Nordstroms, Target, and Forever21 for styles that fit any age group, size, and budget.


Start your pigeons’ training program when they’re 6 weeks old. Ensure your pigeons have incentive to return to their loft. Begin training your pigeons to come home after being released. Expand the training distance by 5 miles per week. Be careful of bird loss. Create a second “home” for your pigeons.

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At 6 weeks you can help your pigeons figure out the trapdoor in your pigeon loft.  The trapdoor is designed to allow your pigeons to get into the loft anytime they want, but you’ll be able to set the trapdoor to only let them out when you want.   These trapdoors might be a little confusing to your pigeons at first, so you might have to help them go in and out at first.  It may be helpful to put together a training schedule so you have something specific to follow everyday.  Training requires dedication on your part, so knowing what you have to be ready for each day will help keep the training consistent.  The training schedule should allow for training to occur at least once a day, and either the method or distance being worked on should change once a week.  For example:  everyday during week 1 practice going in and out of the trap door with the pigeon; everyday during week 2 practice returning to the loft from 1 mile away; etc. Read pigeon club blogs - specifically ones written from your geographical area.  Local blogs will have advice on your specific geography and climate. Good food, comfortable lodgings and being treated like royalty is what makes your pigeons want to come back.  Provide your pigeons with the highest quality food and lodgings you can afford. This part of the training can begin when your pigeons are between 6 and 8 weeks old.  Start by taking your pigeons 1 mile from home and releasing them.  Do this several times a week. Use a cage or a basket to carry your pigeons to the release location. Each week go further away from home to release your pigeons, and go in different directions each time.  Don’t expand the distance too far, too fast.  If your pigeons have any trouble, stop increasing the distance and continue training them at the last distance they were successful. Some of the longest pigeon races are several hundred miles in a single flight.  This is the maximum distance from home that you should practice with your pigeon, but do not go to these distances until your pigeon is able to...


Start your pill the day after your period ends. Take your pill at the same time every day. Understand that the pill does not protect you from sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

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The pill can technically be started at any time, but most doctors recommend this as it is the simplest way to begin.   If you begin right after your last period, the pill is usually effective right away. However, some doctors recommend using condoms or spermicide (or an additional "back-up" method of birth control for the first month just to make sure).   The pill generally consists of 21 days of hormone treatment, followed by 7 days "off" (or 7 days of sugar pills, depending what type of pill you are on). Newer pills may only have 4 days 'off' to shorten the duration of the bleeding. It does not matter what time of day you take it, just that you are consistent with it each day.  Remember that you are putting hormones into your body, which will serve to regulate your menstrual cycle. It is important to take the pill at the same time daily in order to keep your hormone levels consistent. Also, effectiveness of the pill is enhanced for those women who remember to take it at exactly the same time every day. Doctors recommend either to have yourself and your partner tested for STIs prior to sexual intercourse, or to use a form of barrier protection (such as condoms) to diminish the likelihood of contracting a sexually transmitted infection.


Start your presentation with a solid introduction. Present your research and work in the body of the presentation. Use linking statements to make your points clear. Make use of visuals and graphics on your slides. Conclude your presentation.

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Once you've assembled your information, you can get started on outlining your presentation. A presentation must start with a solid introduction that grabs the audience's attention.  Include the basics of introducing yourself. You can say something like, "I'm Clara Thompson from Clean Water Action, and I would like to address your company today." Get your audience's attention with a question or a fact. For example, you could ask: "Have you ever passed a body of water covered in green sludge and wondered how this happened? The answer may surprise you." You don’t have to write your presentation in chronological order. If you want to work on your main points first and save the introduction for last, you can. Your body should make up about 60 to 70% of your presentation, so put all your best points here. Think of your body as the path to your point. Therefore, you want to find a way to present the information in a logical fashion. Start with the problem, talk about the consequences, and offer a solution.  For example, you're trying to get the corporation to alter their recycling program. Start by overviewing the vast amount of corporate pollution in the world. Explain the consequences of this. Show how pollution contributes to climate change, then show what the corporation can do through changes in their policies. Linking statements are transitional statements that help bridge the gap between ideas. This signals to your audience you're going to switch topics, so your presentation doesn't get confusing.  Common linking statements include things like, "Another important issue...," "Based on this data, you can now see..." and, "This brings me to my main point..." For example, "Now that I've shown you the effects of corporate pollution, this brings me to my main point. What can you do to stop it?" Your audience may get bored with data and lecturing. It's a good idea to add graphics to your slides to shake things up. A short video may also help.  If you have any graphs or diagrams that will help illustrate your point,...


Start your reference list entry with the name of the author. Add the year the website or page was published. Type the title of the web page in sentence case. Close with the direct URL of the web page. Use the author's name and year for in-text parenthetical citations.

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If an individual author is listed, type their last name first, followed by a comma, then their first and middle initials (if a middle initial is given. Usually, the author of a website will be the government agency, organization, or business that owns the website. In that case, list the name of that entity followed by a period. Example: Canadian Cancer Society. If a publication date is provided next to the content you are citing, include that year in parentheses after the name of the author. Place a period after the closing parentheses. If no date is provided for the specific content you're citing, use the abbreviation "n.d." (for "no date") inside the parentheses. Do not use the copyright date for the website itself.  Example: Canadian Cancer Society. (2017). If you're citing several pages from the same website that were published in the same year, add a lower-case letter to the end of the year so you can differentiate them in your in-text citations. For example, you might have "2017a" and "2017b." Type a space after the period that follows the date, then type the title of the web page, which will usually appear as a header at the top of the page. Use sentence case, capitalizing only the first word and any proper nouns. Place a period at the end of the title.  Example: Canadian Cancer Society. (2017). Cancer research. If the content you're citing is a stand-alone document, the title should be italicized. This will usually be the case if you're citing a PDF document that appears on a website. If you're not sure, use your best judgment in deciding whether to italicize it or not. Copy the full direct URL or permalink of the content you want to cite. Type the words "Retrieved from," then past the URL into your entry. Do not place a period at the end of the URL. If the URL is overly long, ask your instructor or supervisor if you can use a shortened link. Example: Canadian Cancer Society. (2017). Cancer research. Retrieved from http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-101/cancer-research/?region=on APA...


Start your research early. Research your league’s rules. Look at mock drafts. Keep an eye on the Injury Reserve (IR). Be ready to pivot.

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No one wants to be the one scrambling on draft day. These days there are more fantasy resources than ever. Articles and rankings will start to pop up during the summer, so you can use these as a guide for what to look out for. Some pretty reliable resources are:  ESPN Sports Illustrated CBS Sports Sporting News Fantasy Pros Different leagues can have drastically different rules. Is your league a Point Per Reception (PPR) league? Are you allowed to have keepers from season to season?  For a PPR league, you’ll want to target players who get a high amount of receptions over yardage. Keep an eye out for catch-first running backs.  A keeper league allows you to carry one or two players from season to season, so young superstars with high potential can anchor your team for seasons to come. Chances are most people in your league will be going off of an expert’s mock draft, so you’ll have a good idea when most players will get drafted. Studying a mock draft for potential sleepers (late-round players with a chance of outperforming their value) can pay dividends later in the season. Check out ESPN or CBS Sports for some helpful mock drafts. Season ending injuries occur often in the NFL, so watch for news regarding injuries closely. A handful of seemingly solid picks can develop nagging ailments during the preseason. No one wants to be the laughing stock of the draft room for taking a recently injured player. As mentioned earlier, things can change quickly in the NFL. Injuries develop and people lose starting jobs at the drop of a dime. Even though you may have researched heavily, don’t be tied to any of the players you admire. It’s always a good idea to have backup picks stashed.


Start your run up from the same point every time. Get a good final bound. Land your leading foot in the same location each time you bowl. Practice your run up to solidify your technique.

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Count the number of steps you are taking as you approach the crease. Make sure you are consistent to solidify your muscle memory for your delivery.  Practice several deliveries to determine your natural starting position. Mark this spot on the pitch. Measure the distance of your starting location to the crease or foul line. Mark this spot on both ends of the field before you play each match. Body position and jump height will vary from person to person. As you practice your run up, determine what bound feels most natural to achieve the proper foot placement for your delivery. Jump toward the batsman to gain momentum.  A high bound can disrupt your momentum and slow your bowling speed. Having no bound will give you less power to deliver the ball. Practice a moderate jump to optimize your form before delivery. Point your toe toward the batter as your hips swivel around. Although the hand position and spin may vary on each delivery, your body mechanics and placement should be consistent. Practice landing in the same spot to prevent being called for no balls. If you land on your back foot, aim to keep your weight in your toes. Then, transfer your weight to your leading foot as quickly as possible. After you have determined the optimum distance, bound height, and foot placement for your delivery, practice over and over so you don't have to think about these items during matches. Let your muscle memory guide your body, and the speed of delivery will come as a natural result. Run in as you normally would—like an athlete! Aim to gain momentum as you run up.


Start your smoker. If you don't have a smoker, improvise. Smoke your ribs at 225° F for 3 hours.

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If you have a smoker, heat it to about 225° F (107° C) along the cooking surface, and validate it with a standard cooking thermometer. It may be hotter in the core of the fire, but ensure that the surface is set as close to 225° as possible. To get your fire going, you may use charcoal and any sort of a variety of wood. Some people prefer different types of wood for different types of flavor, so find what works for you. Use a gas grill set on 225° F as your improvised smoker. First, set a pan of water 3/4 full underneath the grate on which you'll be cooking your ribs. This helps with cooking and helps keep the temperature down. Next, make a smoker pouch by wrapping wood chips in aluminum foil and then puncturing the foil several times with a knife to let the smoke escape. Place this at the bottom of the grill but not directly underneath the ribs.  Remember to soak your wood chips for at least 30 minutes prior to creating your smoker pouch. Wet chips will release their signature smoke better and longer than dried-out chips. Choose from any number of wood chips for smoking. Choose from among applewood, cedar, hickory, maple, mesquite, oak, pecan, and many more. It normally takes about 6 hours to fully smoke a rack of ribs, so if you want to just smoke them, leave them in there for about 6 hours, giving them a liquid spray (apple juice, beer, even water) about every hour. Otherwise, this is only the first step of the process. During these first 3 hours, what you're really trying to do is imbue your meat with some smoky flavor and get the cooking process started.


Start your turn when you see the black T on the pool floor. Follow the last stroke of your arm under the water. Tuck your knees and feet as you angle forward to somersault. Unfold your upper body.

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There is a black line at the bottom of your pool lane. The perpendicular line lets you know that the wall is two feet away. You can use the black T to let yourself know it's time to start executing your turn. This can be hard to judge because it all depends on the length of your legs. Depending on how long your legs are, you would normally do two strokes after the T, then do your turn. If you're very tall or on the short side, adjust accordingly. As your arm enters the water, tuck your chin and keep kicking your legs to propel you over. Bring in both arms and position your hands at your sides.  Do not start rotating your body during this step. As you start to somersault, breath out hard through your nose to prevent any water getting up it. Keep your elbows close to your body. Make sure your knees are close to your chest. If you don't tuck your knees close enough, your feet will take too long to get to the wall. The tighter you tuck your body, the faster your somersault will be. After completing the somersault, release your elbows and extend your arms in the direction you just came from. Put your hands together. Your body should form a straight line from your torso to the tips of your fingers.  At this point, your legs are still tucked. Make sure you are not rotating in the water back onto your belly. You should be on your back at this point.


Start your unit planning by considering your goals for the year. Develop a series of essential questions that will guide your students toward understanding of course content. Refer back to your superstructure as you plan distinct units.

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Starting with your broadest "road map" will provide important insight into how you should allocate your time.  What state standards are you required to fulfill in this course? What are your district's course curriculum requirements? What are your students' specific needs and learning styles?  Consider broad factors such as demographics and past assessment data, but also trust your instincts as you consider the dynamics of your student population. A broad "road map" allows you to circumvent common pitfalls such as running short on instructional time.  When planning a post-Civil War U.S. history course, for example, if you begin with the understanding that you'll end the course in 2001 you can plot out a series of units that will enable you to reach that goal. These questions will form the superstructure of your course content.  Identify key content, skills, and vocabulary.  What will your students need to know when they exit your course? Develop ways of assessing your students to determine whether they are learning this information.  Remember to diversify your assessment tools; some students will respond better to certain forms of assessment than others. Design a structure that will place these essential questions in a proper learning sequence.  Now you have your units, and can focus upon specific lesson plans. Determine what materials you'll need to properly teach these concepts and skills. Remember to leave room for adjustment; some units will proceed more smoothly than others.  Generally speaking, however, too much preparation is better than not enough -- plan with the understanding that you may need to trim extra detail.  A wise approach will focus on key concepts and then supplement with supporting material that can be sacrificed if necessary.


State "con mucho gusto. Use "es mi placer” only if you're feeling especially polite.

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" This phrase literally means “with much pleasure.” You can also say "con gusto". Don't just say "mucho gusto" as this phrase (short for "mucho gusto en conocerte" or "I am pleased to meet you") is more often used as a response to an introduction rather than a way of saying “you're welcome.” This saying means “it is my pleasure.” This one is fancy and sparingly said. Use it if you're trying to get someone's interest in you, or if you're trying to impress, or if you simply woke up in a really good mood that day and felt like sprinkling love and kindness everywhere.    Es is a form of the verb ser, meaning “to be.” This is the third person singular conjugation, so it is essentially the same as saying “it is.”  Mi is a way of showing ownership and means “my.”  Placer means “pleasure.”  Similarly, you could also simply state “un placer,” or “a pleasure,” to imply that the favor you are being thanked for was a pleasure to perform. Don't use "el placer es mío." Translated literally, this means, “The pleasure is mine.” This is used in response to an introduction. For example, you would say it in response to "Es un placer conocerte Pedro" (it's a pleasure to meet you Pedro).


State that you look forward to their reply. Note your dedication as a customer. Set a time limit for their response. Make note of any documents or receipts enclosed with the letter. Provide your contact information for a reply.

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Begin the paragraph by telling the recipient that you look forward to hearing their response to your complaint. This will remind the recipient that you expect a response from them about your concerns. For example, you may write, “I look forward to your reply to my complaint” or “I trust you will respond to my complaint in kind.” If you have shopped with the company in the past and are a devoted customer, make note of this in the closing paragraph. Doing this will let the recipient know that your business is valuable to them. For example, you may write, “As a dedicated customer, I hope you will work to resolve my problem and find a resolution” or “I have been a devoted customer of your company for years now and I hope you will take my complaint seriously.” Put pressure on the company or organization to respond by setting a time limit for them to respond to your letter. Note that if you do not hear back within the time frame, you are going to get help from a consumer protection agency or the Better Business Bureau in your area. For example, you may write, “I will wait one week to hear back from you about this issue, and then I will seek help from a consumer protection agency or my local Better Business Bureau.” If you are including any documents or receipts as proof of purchase, make note of them at the end of the letter so the recipient knows they are attached. Providing documents or receipts can help to strengthen your complaint and show the company you are filing a legitimate complaint. For example, you may write, “Please find attached a copy of my recipient as proof of purchase of the item for your records.” End the paragraph by giving the recipient your address, email, or phone number. Write the area code and your home or office phone number. For example, you may write, “Please contact me by phone at (305) 123-4567.”


State the article you're responding to. State your position. Focus on one major point. Make your most important point up front. Provide evidence. Use a personal example. Say what should be done. Name names in your letter. Have a simple closing. Include a closing phrase along with your name and city. Include your affiliation if you are writing in your professional capacity.

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Orient your readers as quickly as possibly by stating the name and date of the article that you're responding to. Also, include the article's argument. You can do this in just one or two sentences. For example: "As a literature professor, I must take issue with your editorial ("Why Novels no Longer Matter in the Classroom," March 18th)." After you've stated the argument you're responding to, you should clearly state the position you're taking on the issue and why you feel a certain way. If your authority relates to the issue in some way, then state your occupation as well. Take this time to show why the issue is relevant and important, but remember to be brief. For example: "While the article states that college students no longer take pleasure in reading, everything I've seen in my classroom is evidence to the contrary. The article is not only inaccurate, but provides a very cursory explanation of the many reasons why students may be challenged by reading fiction in a college setting. Students aren't getting "bored" with fiction because the novel is no longer relevant; rather, their enthusiasm is waning because of professors who are losing interest in their own subject matter." Your letter is too short to cover much ground. Give your letter more force by focusing on one issue and providing evidence for that issue. This helps your reader identify exactly what you're arguing from the get-go. If your letter is edited, it will be cut from the bottom up. If your most important point is at the beginning, it won't get lost in the editing. Now that you've stated your position on an issue, you need to back it up with some facts. If you want your letter to be chosen, then you need to show that you've put some thought and research into formulating your letter. Though you don't have a lot of space, just providing a few key facts can make a big difference. Here are some great ways to provide evidence:  Use recent events in your state or community as evidence. Use statistics, data, or survey results. Tell a personal story...


State the name of the parties and the date of the contract. Identify the property. Provide the term of the sublease. State the rent schedule and amount. Include a section on the security deposit. Sign and date the contract. Deliver the contract to your landlord.

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Identify the full names of each party and what their role is in the contract. The original leaseholder of the property is the Tenant and the person subletting the property is the Subtenant. For example, “This contract is for the sublease of an apartment between the Tenant, Jane Smith, and the Subtenant, Robert Jones made on February 1, 2011.” State the full address of the property. For example, “The property is located at 1234 Any Street, Unit #1, City, State, Zip.”  If the sublease is for something other than the full use of the property—only the use of a garage, for example—state this in the description of the property. If the property is for residential purposes, as in the case of a house or an apartment, state that the subleased premises are to be used for residential purposes only. A commercial lease should state that the property is to be used for commercial use only. State the date the sublease begins and the date the sublease ends. Determine in advance the time at which the subtenant will take and surrender possession. For example, “Subtenant will take possession on January 1st, 2011 at 9 AM and vacate the premises by June 6th, 2011 by 12 PM.” State the agreed upon rental amount and when the subtenant must pay it. In the sublease of property, the subtenant usually pays monthly. For example, “Subtenant will pay Tenant the sum of $500 monthly, to be received by the Tenant by the 3rd day of each month.”  Include any penalty for late payment in this section as well. For example, “If rent is not received by the 3rd day of the month, a $50 late fee will be added to the amount of rent due.” Include the payment recipient by name. Include the address to which the subtenant must send the rent as well. You should also make it clear what your own financial contributions will be. For example, if your rent is $1000 and your subtenant will pay $850, you must pay $150 per month. Alternately, you can include a clause that specifies that you have paid your share in full (e.g., $450 for three months) and the subtenant...


State the poem's meaning. Consider the author's intent and their audience. Determine how the poem's themes relate to other poems. Voice any confusion or concern. Include a list of things that contributed to the poem's meaning.

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Most poets write their poems with an idea they want the reader to take away from it, but readers may take away something different depending on their own biases and experiences. Now that you've read and understood the poem, explicitly state the meaning you took away from it. Make sure you provide evidence from the poem for your understanding.  Poetry can be very subjective and if you've come to a conclusion that the poet had not intended, it will be useful for the poet or reader of your essay to understand what signals in the poem brought you to this conclusion.  Make sure you have some textual evidence from the poem to back up what you think it is saying. The poem's meaning could relate to the poet's own life, could reflect societal norms, or could challenge an accepted idea. Evidence from the poem can include things like meter, rhythm, organization, imagery, or punctuation. To make it easier to follow your thoughts, reference evidence in the poem by line number. Different people might react to poems in different ways. Think about how this poem might resonate with someone who has a different viewpoint than you. Is there room for multiple interpretations? This will help both you and the poet understand potential different meanings in the poem. Are there other poems that have a similar theme? How is this one different? How is it the same? This will help you and the poet understand where their work fits in with other poems. Be cautious when speaking about originality.  Just because it may bear some similarities to other authors' works does not mean it's unoriginal. As a reader, you can provide a valuable response to the poem.  If there are parts that are unclear or punctuation that you do not understand, voice this.  This can be the start of a very constructive conversation. If you are dealing directly with the poet, use caution with your criticism since poetry is often an expression of the poet's innermost feelings. Even if the poem is not dealing directly with the poet's own feelings, creating any work of art...


State the topic of the paper and give a judgment about it. Provide the reader with a blueprint for the paper. Offer evidence. Revise your claim to accommodate evidence that doesn’t seem to fit. Take a break and revise.

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Your introduction paragraph, and your thesis statement in particular, is like a preview of your entire paper. It should tell the reader what your main idea is and why it matters. The reader should be able to understand the position you will take in the paper simply by reading the thesis statement. Look, for example, at this thesis statement: “Because certain herbal supplements promote rapid weight loss that results in the loss of lean body mass and muscle, they pose a potential danger to customers.” This thesis idea tells the reader what your main idea is (assessing the risks of herbal supplements), what side of the argument your opinions fall on (that these supplements can be dangerous), and gives a piece of evidence (loss of muscle and lean body mass) that grounds your claim in fact. One of the main goals of a thesis statement is to tell the reader where this paper will take them. The reader should have a clear understanding of your main idea, where the paper will start, and, in general, what conclusions you will draw at the end. It is important to show your reader that you are making claims based on facts, not just your opinions or whims. Your thesis should prove that you have done your research and that your paper will be a fair accounting of the topic. You can either provide a broad example of evidence (e.g., “Technology should be allowed in the classroom because it benefits student learning.”) or mention the sub-points that will be detailed in the body paragraphs (e.g., “Technology should be allowed in the classroom because it increases student focus, lowers stress levels, and creates a diversified learning environment.”). It is okay to change your thesis as you get further into your research project. As you discover new evidence, your ideas about the topic will change, and your thesis may need to be adjusted. Once you have finished the process of writing the entire paper, take some time away from the project. In a couple days, review your work and you will see it with fresh eyes. This will allow you...


State your case assertively. Stop them in their tracks. Be prepared to expand the lie. Accept the consequences gracefully.

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If you’re wishy-washy or don’t make a clear case for why you don’t feel well, your teacher, the nurse, or a school administrator might not believe you.  Particularly if you’re faking sick, the key is to tell them exactly what you need -- to go home as soon as possible.   Don’t confuse assertiveness with aggression. Be clear about what you need, but don’t be hostile or angry. When talking to your teacher, you might want to say something like, “I’m feeling really bad and think I may need to leave. Can I please go to the nurse to talk to her about that?” When you see the nurse, remember to make your case with specific symptoms. For example, “I’m feeling nauseous and have vomited once already. I’ve also had a headache and chills all day. Could I please go home?” If there’s an obvious reason why you might want to skip school that day, and your teacher, the nurse, or an administrator knows that, you’ll want to get ahead of the game by mentioning that yourself.   If you’re talking to your teacher, try saying something like, “I feel awful about missing my group presentation this afternoon. As soon as I’m feeling better and back in school, could we please talk about the best way to make that up?” If you’re trying to convince the nurse to let you go home, try saying, “I know what my teacher’s make up test policy is, so I’m planning to come in and take it during study hall on Friday, assuming I’m feeling better by then.” Particularly if you’ve turned in a fake note, there’s a chance that an administrator will want to call home to verify that you really do need to leave early. If your parent or guardian really did write the note, just be sure they’re prepared to keep the lie going for you when they answer the phone.  If you faked the note yourself, some possible solutions include  Give a number you know no one will answer. If your parents are at work, you could give them your home number. Be prepared to delete the message before they can hear it. Have an accomplice ready to answer the phone at whatever number you give...


State your desires in plain, open terms. Listen to her opinions without comment, giving her the floor. Remember that your sex life is shared, not some bargaining chip. Consider why your wife or girlfriend might be put off by oral sex. Ask her how you can make the experience more pleasant or comfortable for her. Recognize that oral sex is not a one-way street.

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Once you're talking about sex, don't try to beat around the bush or subtly get her to bring up oral sex. You need to be upfront if you expect her to be the same. Remember that your sex life is shared, not yours alone, and to make this about both of you, not just her.  "I'd like to find ways to bring more oral sex into our lives." "I think the two of us should start exploring oral sex, if we're both comfortable." "I really enjoy going down on each other, and I'd like to try and make it a more important part of our sex life." Listen, even if it's not what you want to hear. Genuinely listen to you partner expressing her thoughts and concerns. She may or may not have much to say, and what she says might not be to your liking. You have addressed your desires, and even if she says no, she's aware of what you'd like. It will stay in her head, and if you're nothing but supportive, respectful, and understanding then she may feel more confident and trusting once she's had a chance to think about it on her own terms. Remember, all you can do is say your desires -- be honest about your own desires and she will be about hers. Comments or ideas like "I'll do the dishes for a week if you go down on me" aren't going to build the trust and love needed for a happy sex life. The things that go on in the bedroom are communal, not services that she gives you for a job well done, no matter what that job is. If you want her to feel valued and comfortable (and thus more likely to find common ground), don't treat this like a transaction -- treat it like a conversation. Oral sex can be scary for some woman. Some women can easily feel as if their air supply is compromised and like they may gag and choke. She's putting herself in a vulnerable position and it's important that you understand this. Some women fear hurting their partner or just getting it wrong. Without complete sexual trust, these activities could result in her feeling a great deal of anxiety, helplessness, and discomfort. If you dismiss her concerns and only focus on your...


State your intention. Time your spell. Work with the seasons. Understand magic. Write your spoken words. Remember Laws and Morals.

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Decide on the result you want to accomplish with the spell. Timing when casting spells can be important. The Moon is important in witchcraft, and therefore has a profound influence upon us. It is very important to choose the right moon phase for your spell; magical workings for gain, increase or bringing things to you, should be initiated when the moon is waxing (from new to full); when the moon is waning (from full to dark), then its time for magical workings of decrease or sending away. The highest energy occurs at the full moon, and therefore this is the most powerful time for magical workings. The new moon is the next most powerful time for magic. There is a natural time for starting things (a planting time), for maturing things (a growing time), for reaping things (a harvest time) and, of course, a time for rest and planning. Remember that magic is the manipulation of energy, a thought is a form of energy and a visualization is an even stronger form of energy. Your visualization can be a method used to intensify further and direct your will. Your visualization can be the method by which you control the magical energy you have produced. You must know what you want. You must see it. You must feel the high energy flow. You must direct it.    For making your words and thoughts stronger you can write your spell into a rhyme to be spoken aloud; this makes it easier to remember your spell, you can also chant your spell to raise energy. Read over your spell, and be sure that if abides by your personal ethics and morals. For instance, if you are Wiccan, it is important to remember and abide by the Three Fold Law.


State your name clearly. Communicate your contribution to get the audience excited. Leave extra details on a handout or powerpoint slide. Save some relevant details about yourself for later in the presentation. Plan a smooth transition from the introduction to your content.

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You want the audience to remember who you are, so don’t mumble or rush through saying your name. Speak loudly and confidently, and make sure you enunciate every syllable. If you have an unusual or difficult to pronounce name, you may want to add a small remark to help your audience remember it. For example, you can say “My name is Jacob Misen, like ‘risen’ but with an M” Think about how you will help your audience and briefly communicate that rather than just listing your credentials or job title. Your basic credentials will probably be listed on the presentation program, anyway. Ask yourself what special skills and experience you have that would interest your audience and introduce yourself with those. If you are VP of Marketing at a large company, it can actually be much more effective to say something like “I have more than a decade of experience using Facebook marketing ads to target clients in the dance industry” rather than simply stating your job title. If there are other details about yourself that are interesting and relevant to the presentation, you don’t have to list them all in your introduction. Instead, add them to your handout or powerpoint presentation. Your audience can read them there if they want. You can also specifically refer your audience to the handout or powerpoint for more information. For example, if you want to let them know that you have articles in many international newspapers but you don’t want to list them all out, simply say “I’ve written for a number of internationally recognized news organizations. You can find the full list on the first page of my handout.” You don’t have to give the audience everything about yourself right away. Stick to the most interesting and relevant information. If you have other interesting personal details you want to share, you can add them in other parts of the presentation. For example, you could say “when I designed a website for Richard Branson last year …” to inform your audience that you have an impressive resume, without having to list it...


State your needs explicitly. Ask about your partner’s needs. Be sensitive to your partner’s needs. Stay positive. Manage conflicts. Have “big picture” conversations.

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Don't expect a longtime partner to read your mind.  If you find yourself becoming frustrated that your partner does not meet your needs or expectations, try having a conversation in which you outline those needs.  For example, you may feel as though your partner does not appreciate you because she does not tell you that she appreciates you.  It’s quite possible that she feels appreciative and notices all of the things that you do, but she doesn’t say anything about them.  In this case, you might tell her, “Sometimes I feel unappreciated. It would help me feel more appreciated if you would verbally acknowledge what I have done and thank me for it.” Another example is if you feel as though your partner is no longer attracted to you because she does not typically initiate intimacy.  If this is the case, tell her how you feel and explain how you would like her to act differently. When discussing your emotional needs, be sure to offer reciprocation by asking what your partner’s needs are. If your partner tends to be less communicative about emotions, you may need to help her find the language to communicate her needs.  Be patient and realize that she may need time to think about it before responding.  If she asks for time, don’t forget to follow up. When she does talk to you, really listen to and try to understand what she says. Once you have shared your needs with each other, you and your partner should try to put your knowledge into action.  You may even work together to create an “action plan” to implement meeting each other’s needs.   For example, if your partner wishes for you to verbally communicate your appreciation for her, you might set a reminder on your phone to pay her a compliment a couple of times a week. You could say things like, “thank you for planning and organizing our upcoming vacation. I know you have worked very hard to try to make everything go smoothly for the entire family” or “it really means a lot to me that you got up and made me breakfast before I left for work this morning.  You do so...


State your opinions with conviction. Make eye contact. Use the shortcut method for better speaking. Know the room. Visualize success. Know your audience. Have confident body language. Know your material. Praise yourself every day.

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Before you speak, you have to make sure you really believe in what you say, whether you're saying that Kanye's new album is amazing or that the growing inequality gap in the United States should be the government's #1 concern. You don't have to sound arrogant to get your point across and to sound like you really believe in what you're saying instead of turning to other people for validation or approval. For one thing, it is polite for others. Also, eye contact will help others to listen to your thinking carefully. Find a few friendly faces to focus on so your confidence goes up while you're speaking and that you're communicating your message even more clearly. If you look down at the floor, you won't look confident, and if you're looking around while you talk, people may think that you're distracted or looking for something better to do.  Look people in the eyes when you talk to them - you can look away for a moment or two to get your footing, but in general, stay focused on the eyes of the people you're talking to. If you see someone looking confused or concerned when you're speaking, you may even think about whether or not you're being clear enough. However, you shouldn't let one confused person get you off track. If you're talking to a larger group where it's difficult to really make eye contact, focus on looking at just a few people in the audience. Chances are that you'll sometimes have to speak in public as part of your role. While this can seem intimidating, the benefits of being able to speak well outweigh any perceived fears. To become a better speaker, remember the following strategies (deliberately kept short for ease of memory):  Plan appropriately. Practice. Engage with your audience. Pay attention to body language. Think and speak positively. Cope with your nerves.  Watch recordings of your speeches. This will help you to improve each time. Arrive early, walk around the speaking area and practice using the microphone and any visual aids. Knowing what you're up against and having a sense of where...


State your overall assessment of the work. Summarize your key reasons for this assessment. Recommend any areas for improvement, if appropriate. Provide a list of references.

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This should be a statement about the overall success of the work. Did it accomplish the creator’s goal or purpose? If so, how did it achieve this success? If not, what went wrong? While you should have already presented evidence for your claims in the body paragraphs, you should provide a short restatement of your key reasons here. This could be as simple as one sentence that says something like “Because of the researcher’s attention to detail, careful methodology, and clear description of the results, this article provides a useful overview of topic X.” Your assignment or prompt will usually say if recommendations are appropriate for the critique. This element seems to be more common when critiquing a research article or media item, but it could also apply to critiques of creative works as well. How you present these will depend on your instructor’s preferences and the style (MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.) that is appropriate to your discipline. However you format this list, you should always include all the sources you used in your critique.


State your problem clearly. Note what device you use WhatsApp on. Provide your contact information.

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To get the best assistance possible, write a concise account of the issue you are experiencing with WhatsApp. Provide only relevant details to make sure that your message is clear. Note how long you have been experiencing the problem and what you have already tried to solve it. For instance, write something like, "For the past 2 weeks I have not been able to hear audio messages on WhatsApp. I have already tried adjusting the volume settings on my phone with no luck." If you submit a general inquiry to WhatsApp, be sure to specify the make and model of the device you are running the app on. These options may include an Android, iPhone, Windows Phone, or Desktop. Knowing the technical specifications of your device will help WhatsApp customer support resolve your issue efficiently. Note that this step will not be necessary if you are sending a message to a device-specific Whatsapp email address. Make sure that you give WhatsApp support accurate contact information so that they can reach you with a solution to your issue. Include your full name, email address, and phone number. Do this regardless of whether you ask a question by email, written letter, or directly through the app.


Stay active during difficult times. Don’t feel pressured by positivity. Get help if you need it.

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Gloominess is not the same thing as depression, but they can be linked to each other. Make sure you're staying in touch with other people and doing things. However, don't try to be positive if it doesn't feel natural.  Don’t isolate yourself from others. If you are feeling particularly down, it helps to talk to other people. Stay busy with productive activities. Don’t sit around too much thinking about your feelings, but instead do things that make you feel fulfilled. Negative emotions or gloominess make people uncomfortable. People may try to “cheer you up”. While they may mean well, don’t let their positivity make you feel pressure to “act” like you feel better.  Embrace uncertainty. Don’t worry about controlling everything in your life. People who are worried about being positive are often trying to control their lives too much.  Positive thinking comes from labeling things that happen as good and bad. Avoid this trap by just taking things as they come without trying to always put a positive spin on everything.  Thank people for trying to make you feel better. Even if their help is misguided, they are concerned about you. Sometimes, you may be not just gloomy, but actually depressed. If you need outside help, don’t feel ashamed to admit it. It does not mean that you’ll become a person obsessed with happiness and positivity.  Talk to a friend. Let others know that you’re struggling. They will want to help you out. Seek out professional treatment. It may be good to see a therapist if you’re feeling especially bad. There’s no reason to not get help if you need it. Stay true to yourself. Don’t try to become a relentlessly positive person if you’re not one. Being gloomy is a good idea if it’s true to who you are as long as you stay healthy. Know that being mentally healthy and being gloomy are not exclusive. You can be a healthy person who is gloomy. There’s no total link between gloominess and mental illness.


Stay at least 6 feet (2 m) away from obviously sick people. Wash your hands frequently when you’re in public areas. Keep your hands away from your face as much as possible. Cover your mouth and nose if you cough or sneeze. Avoid crowded areas if you’re at high risk or if local health officials recommend it. Get recommendations on social distancing from reputable public health websites.

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Many contagious diseases spread when people spend time around infected people, even if they don’t actually have any physical contact. This can happen when an infected person coughs or sneezes and people around them breathe in droplets of saliva or mucus from their nose or mouth. If you’re around someone with symptoms of illness, like sneezing or coughing, avoid touching them and try to maintain a distance of at least 6 feet (2 m) at all times. According to the CDC, you may be at risk of contracting the COVID-19 virus if you’re within 6 feet (2 m) of an infected person for a prolonged period of time (i.e., more than a few minutes), an infected person coughs on you, or you’re currently caring for or sharing a home with someone who has COVID-19. Washing your hands is one of the easiest and most effective ways to protect yourself and others from the spread of disease. If you are in a public space or another area where you know you might be exposed to an illness, wash your hands often with soap and running water. Wash your hands for at least 20 seconds, and make sure to wash your wrists, between your fingers, and the backs of your hands.  It’s especially important to wash your hands after going to the bathroom, after touching high-contact surfaces (such as doorknobs, railings, and light switches), and before handling food or touching your face. According to the CDC, warm and cold water are equally effective at washing away germs and viruses. What’s most important is that you use soap and wash for at least 20 seconds. If your skin is sensitive, using cool water can help prevent dryness and irritation.  If you don’t have access to soap and water, clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Many viruses and germs enter the body through the mucus membranes in your eyes, nose, and mouth. To prevent this, avoid touching your face as much as possible, since your hands may have come into contact with a contaminated surface.  If you have to touch your face, wash your hands before and after with soap and warm...


Stay at the perimeter of the action. Direct the other offensive players to complete plays. "Feed" your teammates the ball with quick, effective passes. Know when (and how) to shoot. Control the tempo of your possession.

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Though a point guard may sometimes make plays right up to the hoop, often, his "default" position will be at the "top" of the action — usually at or near the three point line in front of the basket. This gives him a good view of both teams' players, which is important for spotting scoring openings and setting up plays. It also gives the point guard  the easiest, most direct path to the hoop if the defense fails to guard him. Of course, the point guard shouldn't feel limited to this zone, either. If an offensive play demands it, the point guard should feel versatile playing in any area of the court, including under the hoop. As mentioned in the intro, the point guard usually acts as sort of a "leader" for the offense. Since he usually starts off with the ball and stays at the perimeter of the action, he's in a better position than anyone else to tell his teammates what to do to score. It's very common for a point guard to use verbal commands, hand signals, and "code words" to give his teammates directions. For instance, on a given play, he might call out the name of a play that the team has practiced before or direct a teammate to make a break for the hoop with eye contact and a quick motion of his head.  The point guard's commands should always serve to create scoring opportunities for his teammates. If he's not looking for an open teammate to pass the ball to, he's trying to get his teammates to make an opening so that either or someone else can score. To get an idea of the sort of directions a good point guard gives, watch one in action. The next time you watch a basketball game, keep an eye on the point guard. You should see him constantly surveying the court, barking out orders, and giving nonverbal cues to his teammates. For instance, it's very common for a point guard to ask for a screen by making eye contact with one of his teammates and gesturing toward the defender in front of him. When a point guard sees a teammate with an opportunity to score, he wants to get the ball into his teammate's hands as...