Note your original purchase price for the bond. Sell a bond at a discount. Trade a bond at a premium.

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A capital gain or loss is a component of a bond's total return. If you sell a bond for more than your purchase price, you have a gain. A loss is generated when you sell a bond for less than you paid for the security. To calculate a capital gain or loss, you need to know the price that you paid for the bond.  When a bond is issued, it is sold for the first time from the issuing company (or government entity) to the public. An investor buys the bond, and the sale proceeds go to the issuer. If you buy a bond when it is issued, you normally pay the face amount of the bond. The face amount of a bond is $1,000 or some multiple of $1,000. If you buy a $10,000 face amount bond when it is issued, for example, you pay $10,000. Once a bond is issued to the public it can then be bought and sold between investors. Assume, for example, that Bob purchases an IBM corporate bond when it is originally issued. Bob pays the face amount of $10,000. Bob can choose to sell the bond at any time before the bond's maturity. The price he receives for the bond sale may be more or less than $10,000. Note that any capital gain is considered income by the IRS and you must pay taxes on the interest earned. A discount means that the price of the bond is less than the face amount. For example, the $10,000 bond can have a current market value of $9,800. The market indicates that investors are not willing to pay $10,000 for this bond.  A bond is valued at a discount if the interest rate stated on the bond is less than the interest rate on newly issued bonds. To make the comparison, consider newly issued bonds by the same issuer and with the same time until maturity. Assume that IBM has a $10,000, 6% bond outstanding. The bond matures in 10 years. Interest rates increase. An investor can now buy a 7% IBM bond due in 10 years. The 6% bond is now less valuable, since it pays less interest than the 7% bond. The market price of the bond will drop to a price that is less than $10,000. If an investor buys the bond for $10,000 and sells the security...


Note/s: Put your legs together while sitting down. Make sure you catch your ball quickly if it falls forwards, as someone may take it, as it rolls away from you!

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This one can get a bit annoying after a while, so make sure you stay calm. Don't do this near a surface with holes in, otherwise you may lose your ball. You must be wearing shorts or a dress for this one. Trousers are perfect too. Your knees should be bent and your legs should be completely straight. Roll the ball down your legs and when it reaches your knee, flick your knees backwards. When the ball hits your chest, trap it with your chin. It's really hard! This one takes A LOT of practice to make perfect!


Note/s: Tell your friend to get both thumbs and IFS and form a large circle with them. Tell them to hold their "circle" in the air a bit high and stand at the end of a smooth, small table. Now, you stand at the other end with the ball on the table, in front of you.

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You need to make sure you have a friend to help and at least one index finger, ready to go! The friend must have both his/her thumbs and IFS.(index fingers) This can be done, by put both their IFS tips together and the same with their thumbs. (dinner tables in this case) Now you have to flick the ball with your fingers/thumbs and try to get it in the "basket".(circle) If the ball flies off in the wrong direction, your friend can move their "basket" if they wish. This game is all about co-operation and teamwork! Make sure there's plenty of room and nobody else or pets in the room! How many baskets can you get? Swap over after a while!


Notice a sudden drop-off in communication. Identify when someone is making excuses not to spend time with you. Try to make eye contact. Send the person a few messages, and watch the response. Listen for short, disengaged answers. Be aware of how the potentially avoidant person treats you in a group setting. Consider whether this person respects your opinion. Don't put up with someone who's stringing you along.

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Be aware when a person stops contacting you, even sporadically. The person may not even bother to speak with you in person: perhaps he/she only contacts you via email, text message, and social media. If you consider yourself friendly or romantically-linked with someone, but s/he suddenly stops talking to you, it could be a sign that s/he is avoiding you. Consider that your friend may just be busy, and may legitimately want to see you. They might send a message like: "Sorry I haven't returned your calls... I'm just so busy with school right now. Let's get together next week when I have more time." However, if you continue to get these messages week after week—or no message at all—then you can assume that they are trying to avoid you. Perhaps they keep blaming their busy work schedule, or their hectic social life, or maybe something always seems to "come up". If a person is consistently finding reasons to back out of plans, there's a chance that they are avoiding you. Don't be too harsh. Things do "come up," and this person might legitimately feel overwhelmed by their hectic schedule. Excuses indicate avoidance, but they do not necessarily mean that the person doesn't want to spend time with you. If you encounter this person face to face, try to look him/her in the eyes. If he/she is avoiding you, odds are that he/she won't make eye contact with you. If s/he does, it may just be brief – or s/he may roll his eyes. If you send a simple "Hey! What's up?" message, and they haven't responded by a few days later, they might not want to talk to you. Try again, if you don't hear back, but don't accuse them of anything; just try to strike up a normal conversation. If they don't respond to this second message, don't keep pushing the issue. Respect their reasons for avoiding you, and do not give them even more reason to avoid you.  Some messaging services show you when a recipient has read your message. Use this to gauge whether you're being ignored. If s/he reads all of your messages, but never responds, this indicates...


Notice a sudden onset of itching. Track the season. Look for skin irritation in specific areas. Visit your vet.

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If your cat begins scratching suddenly and intensely, this will probably be your first clue that something is wrong. If the scratching continues for more than 24 hours, your cat is likely experiencing a harvest mite infestation, another type of ectoparasite infestation, or some other type of skin infection.  Harvest mites are very small orange insects, but it is very likely that you will not see them. If you notice these symptoms, contact your vet. The most common time of year for a harvest mite infestation is during late summer or early fall. If your cat is experiencing a sudden onset of severe itching during the winter, it is most likely another type of skin irritation. Regardless of season, if your cat is experiencing severe itching, it is a good idea to call your vet. Harvest mites are most likely to infect areas on your cat's body where there is only a thin covering of hair. In such places, your cat is likely to develop red skin, papules, and/or scabs. Specific places to look include:  The base of the ears The face (especially the chin and around the mouth) The neck and shoulders Under the front legs On the abdomen Around the nipples, vulva or scrotum Between the toes The symptoms of harvest mite infestation can be very similar to the symptoms of other ectoparasite infections (such as fleas). Additionally, unlike a flea infection, there is no one-size-fits-all, over-the-counter cure. If you believe your cat is experiencing a harvest mite infestation, your best course of action is to seek the advice of your vet.  Your vet is likely to take a skin scraping and examine it under the microscope. This is the only way to make a definitive diagnosis.


Notice frequent barking. Recognize an affinity for sniffing. Note if the dog is difficult to train.

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Beagles have a loud and persistent bark. Because beagles are hounds, they are vocal dogs that tend to howl when they are playing or approached by strangers. Although persistent barking can be trained out of a beagle, they will generally still get vocal when excited. Like other hounds, beagles have excellent noses and love to sniff things. If you are going for a walk, a beagle will be constantly sniffing its surroundings. When encountering new people, one of the first things that beagle will do is sniff the newcomers to familiarize itself with their scent. Beagles have a reputation as smart but difficult dogs. This means that they can be hard to train. Beagle puppies tend to have more issues with house training and training, in general, can be more difficult in comparison to other breeds.


Notice her at school. Ask about her. Be confident. Be considerate.

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Once you decide that you “like” someone, go for it. Observe her without staring or being too creepy. Take mental notes of things she says in the classroom. See who her group of friends are. Notice if she hangs out with a boy already. Do not begin to stalk this girl, or else you may get a bad reputation. Ask one of her friends what she enjoys doing. A good way to get her to take notice of you, is to begin asking questions about her. Her friend will definitely tell the girl that you are asking about her. Regardless of how she feels about you, this will flatter her. You could potentially ask something like:  ”What does Samantha like to do on the weekends?” ”Do you know if Jasmine has a favorite book?” ”Does Jamie have a boyfriend?” You need to put yourself out there and that involves being vulnerable to being made fun of. You can combat feeling embarrassed by having a positive outlook on your actions. If you are asking about a girl you like, then you’re acting normal. People who tease you for this are insecure that they don’t have the courage to talk to the ones they like. Never talk down about the girl you like when confronted about your feelings. Stand up for her and yourself. It is easy for some to try to back out of liking someone when they are in the spotlight. Say nice things about her and she’ll appreciate your respect. Remember the point is for the girl to like you and not for a group of kids to like you.


Notice her clothing and accessories to understand her interests. Introduce yourself while at school or work. Talk to her about her interests as time goes on. Join similar clubs as your crush to spend time together.

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Some nerdy girls wear clothing with their favorite music, TV show, or reading series. They also may decorate their backpack, phone case, or locker with stickers or cut-outs from their nerdtastic favorites. Pay attention to your crush’s outfit so you can figure out what kind of shows, movies, cartoons, or music she enjoys. For example, she may have a Harry Potter T-shirt and a Dr. Who pin on her bag. The easiest way to get to know that nerdy girl you admire is to simply say “hello.” Wave to her from across the hall, and politely introduce yourself. You can ask her how her day is going and if she’s read any good books lately. Start with kind small talk to break the ice and get to know each other better. To build a basic friendship, strike up a conversation with your crush. Discuss things you know she likes based on your observations. Avoid asking simple “yes” or “no” questions so you can keep the conversation going. Talk to her in between classes, after school, or before work, for instance.  You can also research some of her interests to have more things to talk about. Read about the characters, history, or background information. For example, if she really likes Dr. Who, learn about a Tardis and who the current "Time Lord" is. A great way to get to know your crush further is to spend time together doing activities you both enjoy. Perhaps she is part of a local Dungeons and Dragons club, and you are also an avoid player. Join the club as well, and play D&D with her and the other club members. This way, you can organically get to know her while sharing a common interest. Other club ideas include video games, tabletop games, and book clubs.


Notice how quickly they respond to you. Recognize when they offer help or assistance. Notice if they gently tease you. Ask them if they’re interested in you. Respond if they ask you on a date.

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Someone who’s interested in you won’t wait a week to call you back or reply to your text. Typically, people will show interest by responding quickly when they consider you a priority. They will likely give an answer without hesitation when invited to spend time together. For example, if you invite the person to hang out, they will not hesitate or need time to think about it. They will likely be excited to say yes. Someone who is interested in you may offer to walk you home or to your car to provide protection. Or, they may offer to help you study or give you advice about a work problem. This type of attention shows they consider you a priority and want you to be safe and to succeed. If the person lightly teases you, this is a sign that they’re flirting and interested in you. They might bring up something you previously spoke up and gently tease you about it. Teasing isn’t supposed to be hurtful or make fun of you. It’s meant to be light, funny, and flirty. For example, if you say you’ll be late but you actually end up early, the person might tease you about your concept of time. Perhaps you can’t handle the suspense or want to know outright if the person is interested in you. It’s okay to ask the person questions that may indicate their interest. You can also ask outright if they’re interested.  For example, ask, “Are you single?” If you want to be more forthcoming, say, “I’m interested in you and I hope you feel the same way.” If someone is asking you out on a date, it’s likely they are interested in you. They are showing interest in getting to know you better and spending time with you in a romantic setting. If you’re interested in them, say yes.  Going a date can show each of you whether the interest is mutual and something worth pursuing further. If the person doesn’t specifically ask you out on a date but wants to spend time with you one-on-one, this is still promising.


Notice how your cat hacks. Listen for a cough rather than a hack. Pay attention to signs your cat is having trouble breathing.

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Cats with asthma have a specific kind of hacking position. Generally, they crouch down and extend their neck forward while they are hacking. Pay attention to see if your cat uses this position. If your cat gets in this position and often doesn't produce anything when hacking, that could be a sign of asthma. While cat coughing can seem like hacking, it will likely have more wheezing to it. It can also sound like a "dry" or "wet" cough, but it may seem like your cat is hacking up mucus and then swallowing it. Your cat may stick its tongue out while coughing. Your cat may seem to get "winded" more easily than normal. You may even hear wheezing-like breathing after it runs around a bit. If your cat is having a particularly hard time breathing, it may breathe with its mouth open.


Notice if a child has suddenly developed an eating disorder. Notice if a child has a fear of failure. Pay particular attention to a child who suddenly starts stealing. Take note if the child has developed low self-esteem. Note if the child suddenly develops a stutter.

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Often, children who are emotionally abused develop a disorder like anorexia, bulimia, or binge eating. This is because in emotional abuse, the psyche of the child is attacked through criticism, sarcasm, scathing remarks, and other forms of verbal abuse. Their confidence hits rock bottom and they either begin to binge eat to comfort themselves, or develop anorexia or bulimia to do what they think their parents want. Often, an abusive parent will tell a child that they are ‘worthless’ for doing the ‘wrong’ thing. The child then develops a fear of trying new things simply because they are afraid they will fail and be verbally abused. Some children who are emotionally abused may avoid projects or working with other people because they are afraid they won’t do a good enough job. If you noticed that the child in question has suddenly started stealing, it may mean that there is something bad going on at home. Children who are emotionally abused may do things that allow them to get the upper hand on someone because they cannot seem to get the upper hand on their family life. These things could include bullying, stealing, lying, or risk taking. Children who are emotionally abused may also develop a tendency to try to please everyone around them. They may become submissive or subservient in an attempt to win the approval of others. If a child has never had a stutter before and suddenly develops one, it may be because they are being emotionally abused. Children who are constantly told they are wrong or worthless can develop a fear of displeasing everyone, not just the person who is abusing them. They may take longer to answer questions or start to stutter out of fear that they will give the wrong answer.


Notice if and when he calls you. Think about how he talks to you. Consider how he talks about you. Look at the time that he spends with you. Look at the sacrifices he makes for you. Compare how much he talks about you to how much he talks about his ex. Don't expect things to move too quickly. Ask yourself if he's changed himself for you. Notice what he wants or doesn't want to share with you. Check his alcohol level. Ask yourself the most important question.

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If he doesn't call when he said he would or he doesn't call within a few days of a date, he's not interested. There are two options here: either a) he's not interested enough and so he's not calling or b) he's playing emotional games and wants you to be the first to call. Either option does not work in his favor. Even a shy guy, once he's gotten a date with you or your number, will call or text after a few days of hoping you'll be the one to break the ice because this in lets him know he at least has a shot. When he talks to you, does he respect you or does he make little comments that put you down? Not just teasing but hurtful comments, even if he passes them off as jokes. A man who doesn't respect you is probably not all that interested in you and even if he thinks he's interested in you, he certainly doesn't deserve you. Look for a guy that talks to you like an equal, that would never say anything hurtful if he could help it, and is more interested in building you up rather than pulling you down. You should also pay attention to how he talks about you. How does he describe you when he introduces you to other people. Introducing you at all is a good sign, since if he really doesn't care about you it probably won't even occur to him. However, if you're dating you should be worried if he is reluctant to call you his girlfriend. If you're friends, look for the tone of voice he uses when he says that you're his friend. Is the word emphasized? That's not a very good sign either. A guy who's really interested and really cares will rush to introduce you using the most familiar term that he thinks he can get away with because he's proud and excited that you like him enough to be around him. Think about how much time he spends with you. Does he only do it when he has nothing better to do? Or does he find reasons to hang out with you pretty much as often as he can? If he's inviting you to all sorts of things and generally trying to hang out a lot, this is a pretty good sign that he's interested. Another indicator is...


Notice if he is still interested in the physical aspects of the relationship. Notice changes to his clothing. Be aware of improvements in his grooming. Be on the lookout for evidence of extra spending.

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If you are having sex much less frequently or if he doesn't seem interested in sex, this is a warning sign that he might be getting sex elsewhere. He might not be interested in sex with you because he feels guilty or because he is being fully satisfied outside of your relationship.  Pay attention not only to sexual frequency but also to casual signs of physical intimacy, such as holding hands, kissing, cuddling, or stroking your hair.  Other possible reasons for a sudden decline in sexual frequency include depression, physical ailments, age, or stress. Do you notice any lipstick stains that you didn't cause? Do you smell a scent that does not match your own perfume or cologne? Do his clothes smell like a laundry detergent different from your own? Has he recently upgraded his wardrobe? These are all signs that he might be engaged in an affair. If your partner changes his hairstyle, hair color, fitness routine, cologne, or facial hair without discussing it with you, it is possible that he is doing it for the sake of somebody else. These are not solid signs in and of themselves, but might be indications of cheating if you notice other odd behaviors as well. Unexplained credit card receipts, new clothing, or gift-like objects are all signs of an affair. If your partner is cheating, you might find receipts for hotel rooms, restaurants, or gifts that do not match with your partner's usual patterns. You might also notice that your partner has new clothing items or nice gifts that you haven't seen before.


Notice if she displays closed body language. Listen to the tone of her voice when she speaks to you. Check if she is not answering your calls or texts.

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Not all people express anger verbally, so take a look at how she holds herself. Obvious signs of anger include shaking or trembling as well as sweating and a red or flushed face. Not all signs are this obvious though, so consider the following too:  A clenched jaw or clenched fist Avoiding eye contact Turning away from you Crossing arms over her chest Frowning, rolling eyes, or otherwise cold expressions If she uses a mocking or strained tone, as if she is speaking through clenched teeth, she is likely not impressed with you. She may even use a sarcastic tone, mock you, or make fun of you when you're mentioned in conversation or when you try to speak to her. Other signs to watch out for include:  Yelling Shouting Raising her voice Snapping at you The girl may express her anger by dropping her communication with you through phone calls or text messages. She may ignore your calls and voicemails and be unresponsive to your texts. You may find yourself sending out texts to her and not getting your usual quick reply or no reply at all.  If she is texting you back, look for passive-aggressive anger, such as usually short or sarcastic replies or "how do you think I am" when you ask her "what's up?"  If she suddenly starts using periods at the end of her text messages, this could be a sign of anger or aggression.


Notice if she has typical Virgo qualities. Put your best foot forward. Dress carefully. Groom yourself. Be punctual. Keep her at ease. Keep yourself at ease, too. Talk about a wide array of topics. Be patient.

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Before you make assumptions about what this woman wants based on her sign, try to figure out if she has the common traits of a Virgo. You can do this by asking her questions about her interests, her likes and dislikes, and so on. You can also do a little investigating and talk to mutual friends or check her out on social media to get a better sense of her interests and personality. Virgos are thought to be hard workers, straightforward, loyal, critical, analytical, practical, and kind. Ask yourself if this woman has these qualities. A typical Virgo is less likely to be easily charmed or swayed by passion. Anticipate a woman who is far more practical about whom she dates. If she is a true Virgo, expect her to apply a critical eye toward you right from the get-go. Don’t be offended by this, since she is considering you as a potential partner. This means she might still think highly of you as a person even if she doesn’t initially believe you to be right for her romantically. Notice if appearance seems to be important to this woman. Is her clothing immaculately tailored? Are her friends similarly well-dressed? If so, you may want to put extra effort into dressing yourself. Choose them with precision to make a clear statement about who you are, right from the start. Take her own fashion sense as a cue. Match her level of casual versus elegant wear, within your own tastes, to meet her own personal expectations. Bear in mind that Virgos are more often interested in long-term relationships than one-time hookups. Consequently, this may be a long courtship. Be sure to dress to please while staying true to who you are to avoid wasting either of your time. Further ensure that you make a positive visual impression by taking care of your body’s appearance. Shower beforehand, comb your hair, and apply deodorant. Brush your teeth, floss, and rinse with mouthwash. Cut and clean your nails. Clip any nose or ear hairs that are poking out. Exfoliate and moisturize your skin to get rid of any dry flakes. If this woman has a...


Notice if she seems to look at you a lot. Watch for her to flash you a smile. Look if she seems approachable when you're around. Notice if she preens or blushes. Check if she suddenly becomes more fidgety when you're nearby.

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If you catch her staring at you, that could be a sign she's into you or wants to get to know you better. Don't stare at her! However, look at her occasionally to see if you can catch her looking at you.  Keep in mind that some girls are shy, so this isn't a tried-and-true method to tell if she likes you. In fact, she may avoid your glaze instead of looking at you. Also, notice if she tries to find you when she walks in the room. She may look around, and when she finds you, her eyes will stop on you for a second. Often, she may glance away as soon as she notices you're looking at her, too! If a girl likes you, she may start smiling at you more often. Maybe her face lights up when you walk over to you, or when you catch her eye, she flashes a grin. These could be signs she likes you. If a girl likes you, she'll often make herself more approachable. She'll put down her phone, and turn her body towards you, for instance. She might also sit up straighter, tilt her chin up, or move her hair out of her face with her fingers. Much of this movement is subconscious, and it can indicate she's into you. Especially if she's with a friend of yours and she stops her conversation to speak to you  On the other hand, if she crosses her arms and legs, turns her body away from you, picks up her book or phone, or generally looks like she doesn't want to be disturbed when you're around, she may not like you. When we're around someone we like, we tend to unconsciously preen. For instance, she might run her fingers through her hair, adjusting her headband, or pass her hands over her clothing to smooth it out. She might also blush when she sees you. People tend to fidget when they're nervous, and if a girl likes you, she's going to be nervous around you! That may mean she jiggles her leg, plays with her hair, or jingles her keys. She might also bite her nails or mess with any jewelry she's wearing. Of course, some people just naturally fidget a lot. Watch her before she notices you're nearby. Check if she seems to fidget more when...


Notice if she starts going out without you more often. Pay attention if your wife is unreachable for long periods of time. Watch for changes in her stories or details that don’t add up. Listen carefully if she starts talking about a new friend. Pay attention to how often she works or goes on business trips. Look at how much money she spends when she is out.

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While it’s healthy to spend time away from your partner, it might be a cause for concern if your wife seems to prefer going out without you. This is especially true if she picks activities with others over date night with you. Take note if she starts to go out alone or with friends several times a week. It’s possible she’s seeing someone else.  It’s normal and healthy for both partners to enjoy time away from each other. Don’t assume that your wife’s desire to have a “girls night” or go to happy hour after work is a sign she’s having an affair. If your wife uses social media often, check her profile on nights she goes out. If she’s posting pictures of girls night or happy hour, she’s likely telling the truth. If your wife suddenly stops answering your calls and returning your texts, this might be a cause for concern. Notice if you’re having trouble getting a reply several times a week, as well as the time of day when this happens. When she gives you excuses, ask questions to see if her story changes and consider if the reason makes sense. For example, let’s say your wife usually answers your texts while she’s in the office, but lately she hasn’t been responding. Talk to her about what’s going on. It’s possible she’s working on a big project and has been busy, but it’s also possible she’s spending time with someone else or is prioritizing their messages. Make a habit of talking to your wife about her day. Listen to what she says and watch for inconsistencies or details that don’t make sense. If you have any concerns, ask her about them to see if her story changes.  For instance, let’s say your wife says she had lunch with a female coworker but then complains that the same coworker has been out all week. This would be a red flag. Similarly, if she says she was late getting home because she had to go to the dry cleaners but she didn’t bring home any clothes, she could be fibbing. As a bonus, talking to your wife about her day will be good for your relationship. It’s normal to want to tell a lot of stories about...


Notice if she touches your hands, hair, or arms. Pay attention to whether or not she wants to take care of you. Make note of whether she’s laughing and smiling while she’s around you. Consider whether she notices and remembers things that you say to her. Wait for her to introduce you to her family.

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Lingering touch is a huge sign that a woman is interested in you! If she reaches out to touch your hand while you’re talking, offers to fix your hair, or brushes her hand against your arm, she might think of you in a romantic way.  If you aren’t comfortable with being touched, simply let her know that it makes you uncomfortable and you’d like her to stop. If she’s a good friend, she’ll respect your boundaries. Some women are naturally flirty. Try to pay attention to her around other people to see if she touches them in the same way. If she does, she might just be a flirtatious person! When women are interested in someone, they normally go out of their way to be helpful toward them. If she offers to help you with things around the house, gets you a small gift, or wants to get dinner for you, she probably views you as a romantic interest.  If you’re also interested in her, be sure to thank her and try to reciprocate her kindness by being helpful, as well! If you aren’t interested in her romantically, try to politely decline her offers, but thank her for her kindness. You could say something like, “That’s okay, I think I have it under control, but thanks so much for offering!” Although she might laugh and smile around her other friends, pay attention to whether she’s consistently happy and giggling around you. She might be trying to flirt with you, or show you that you make her happy! She might even laugh at jokes that you make that aren’t particularly funny. If she’s laughing when no one else is, it’s a good sign that she likes you. While some women are really great listeners, if she’s interested in you, she’ll go the extra mile and make note of the things that are important to you. When you’re hanging out, she might say something like “Oh, that green shirt is so nice, and it’s your favorite color!” If she’s really serious about you, she might even get you a small gift that has to do with one of your interests or a story that you told her. For a woman, introducing a love interest to her family is a huge step...


Notice if she’s being secretive with her phone or computer. Watch for signs she’s paying more attention to her appearance. Make public displays of affection (PDA) to see if she avoids them. Watch for closed body language when you talk to her. Check for periods of time when your girlfriend isn’t available. Listen to see if she talks about a new friend.

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Watch how she handles her phone and computer around you. See if she tries to hide the screen from you when she's using her device. Additionally, notice if she gets upset if you come near her while she’s on her device. This might be a sign that she's cheating.  If she’s cheating, she’ll likely communicate with her new partner using her electronic devices. She’ll want to keep these communications secret, so she’ll get upset if she thinks you might see them. It's normal for your girlfriend to want to keep her phone private, so don't assume that she's cheating just because she doesn't want you checking her phone. It’s possible that your girlfriend just wants to look her best because she values herself. However, sudden changes in her appearance and efforts to improve her look could be a sign that she’s cheating. Notice if she’s working out more or buying new clothes. Similarly, look for changes in her hairstyle and makeup routine.  For instance, she might lose weight at the gym or buy a new wardrobe. Keep in mind that she might be doing this for herself. Don’t assume that your girlfriend is cheating just because she wants to look her best. If your girlfriend is cheating, she’ll likely start to pull away. She may feel uncomfortable acting like a couple in public. Notice if she suddenly starts pulling away when you try to hold her hand, hug her, or give her a kiss. It might be a sign that she’s cheating.  As an example, let’s say you normally hold hands while you’re walking around in public. She may suddenly start pulling her hand away. Similarly, she might turn away when you try to kiss her on the cheek or step back when you go in for a hug. Don’t worry about this if you’ve never been a couple who engages in PDA. It's possible that closed body language might be a sign of guilt over cheating or anger at you over problems in your relationship. Look for closed body language when you're talking to her to see if she may be feeling guilt or anger. Here are some things to look for:  Avoiding eye contact Folding her arms...


Notice if the person always wants you to speak first. Notice if the person uses charm to accomplish things. Look out for coercive behavior. Be aware of how the person handles facts. Notice if a person is always a martyr or victim. Consider whether their kindness is conditional. Observe patterns of behavior.

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Manipulative people want to listen to what you have to say so they can find out your strengths and weaknesses.  They will ask you probing questions so that you will talk about your personal opinions and feelings. These questions usually begin with "What," "Why," or "How."  Their responses and actions are based on the information you have given them.  Always wanting you to speak first should not be considered manipulation on its own.  Take into consideration the other things the person does as well. The manipulative person will not reveal much personal information during these conversations but focus on you instead. If this behavior happens in the majority of the conversations you have with them, it may be a sign of manipulation. Although it may feel like genuine interest, keep in mind that there may be a hidden agenda behind all this questioning. If you try to get to know the person, and or they refuse to answer questions or quickly changes the subject, it may be not be genuine interest. Some people are naturally charming, but a manipulator uses charm to get something.  This person may compliment someone before making a request.  They may give a small gift or card before asking or say they will do a favor to get the other person to do something.  For example, someone may cook a nice dinner and be very sweet before asking the other person for money or help with a project. Be aware that while this sort of behavior is often quite harmless, you are not under any obligation to do something just because someone did something nice for you. Manipulators will persuade people to do something using force or threats.  They may yell at a person, criticize a person, or threaten a person to get him to do something.  The person might begin by saying, "If you do not do this, I will ___" or "I won't ___, until you ____." A manipulator will use this tactic to not only get a person to do something, but also to get them to stop doing a certain behavior. If a person manipulates facts or tries to overwhelm you with facts and...


Notice if the person's voice changes. Pay attention to exaggerated details. Be aware of impulsive emotional responses. Pay close attention to the person's reaction to your questions. Look for unusual wording. Look at stalling and distraction techniques. Notice when the person repeats sentences. Notice the mid-sentence jump.

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They may suddenly start talking faster or slower than normal, or the tension may result in a higher-pitched or quavering tone. They may start stuttering or stammering, when they usually don't. If their voice is different from normal, it might be a sign of a lie. See if the person appears to be telling you too much. An example might be, "My mom is living in France, isn't it nice there? Don't you like the Eiffel tower? It's so clean there." Too many details may tip you off to the person's desperation to get you to believe what is being said. Timing and duration tends to be off when someone is lying. It's either because the person in question has rehearsed their answer (or is expecting to be questioned) or rattles off something, anything, in order to fill the silence.  If you ask someone a question and the person responds right away, it might be a lie. This can be because the liar has rehearsed the answer or is already thinking about the answer just to get it over with. Another tell can be omission of relevant time facts, such as saying "I went to work at 5 AM and when I got home at 5 PM, he was not there." In this glib example, what happened in between has been all too conveniently glided over. Someone who has told the truth doesn't feel much need to defend themselves, well, because they're telling the truth. Someone who hasn't told the truth needs to compensate for their lie by perhaps going on the offensive, deflecting, or another stalling tactic.   If you question their story, a truthful person will often give you more details. A liar is more likely to just repeat what they already said, because they don't want to make their story even more complicated.   Listen for a subtle delay in responses to questions. An honest answer comes quickly from memory. Lies require a quick mental review of what they have told others to avoid inconsistency and to make up new details as needed. Note that when people look up to remember things, it does not necessarily mean that they're lying — this could just be a natural...


Notice if they answer your question. Listen to their voice. Watch their body language.

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Evasion is often a hint that someone is lying to you. Trying to change the subject or simply refusing to answer at all is a big clue. Most times a person will talk about anything if they aren’t hiding something. The sound and pitch of a person’s voice will often change if they are lying. Their voice may get higher, they may speak quicker, or you may even be able to hear a quiver in their speech. Any type of change could be a signal they are lying. You’ll need to become familiar with the person’s voice to know if they are lying. Start by asking questions you already know the answer to and notice the way they sound as they answer. Move on to questions you don’t know the answer to once you’ve become comfortable with their voice. They are likely lying if there are changes in their voice. However, this would not be the case with a pathological liar or sociopath. The appearance of a person can dramatically change if they are lying. Not telling the truth makes people nervous and their bodies often act accordingly. Even the smallest change in their behavior may indicate a lie. For instance, a person may try to hide their mouth or their eyes when they are telling a lie. You may also notice them fidgeting, swallowing more, and clearing their throat excessively. They may also avoid looking you in the eye and laugh nervously.


Notice if you are experiencing the common symptoms of gastroenteritis. Have your doctor run a stool sample.

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The stomach flu is a combination of gastrointestinal troubles and common flu symptoms like fever and nausea. You may be experiencing gastroenteritis if you experience any of the following:  Non-bloody diarrhea. Nausea. Vomiting. Abdominal cramps. Mild fever around 100-degrees F. Headache or dizziness. Physical aching or tiredness. A simple stool sample test can determine whether or not you are experiencing a rotavirus or norovirus. Your doctor may also test for bacterial and parasitic infections.


Notice if your child is isolated. Pay attention to the way your child handles responsibilities. Determine if your child’s sleep habits are affected. Take note of how long your child spends on the computer.

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A computer addiction can cause children to isolate themselves from family members and friends. Take note of your child’s social life and pay attention to the amount of time they spend by themselves using the computer. If they rarely interact with others in person, and turn down invitations so they can stay by the computer, they may have an addiction. If your child avoids completing chores or homework in favor of using the computer, they may have an addiction. Though many children would surely rather play a computer game than do the dishes, it becomes a problem when the responsibilities a child has are being completely neglected so that they can continue using the computer. Some children may stay up late into the night in order to use the computer. Check and see if your child is on the computer when they should be in bed instead. If your child frequently stays up quite late and neglects good sleep habits in order to use the computer, they may have an addiction. Pay attention to how long your child spends on the computer both at one time and the total amount per day. Children shouldn’t  spend more than two hours using electronics, such as computers, tablets, or televisions, per day. If your child is using significantly more than that, especially in one sitting, they may be addicted to the computer.


Notice if your friend tries to get your crush's attention. Watch to see if your friend tilts their body toward your crush. Make a note if your friend tries to touch your crush. Pay attention if your friend is nervous or awkward around your crush. Observe any flirty behavior to tell if your friend likes your crush. Talk about your crush to your friend and see how they respond.

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When you’re in a group, your friend may wait for your crush to respond after they tell a story, ask a question, or make a comment. If this is the case, there’s a good chance your friend likes your crush too. For example, your friend BFF may ask your crush a question about their weekend. When you like someone, you may naturally direct your body toward them. When you’re around both your friend and your crush, notice if your friend points their knees, feet, shoulders, or head in the direction of your crush. If your friend angles their chair toward your crush’s seat, this is another indication that they might like the person. If your friend lightly touches your crush’s arm, gently rubs your crush's hand, or puts their hand on your crush's back, they may be flirting. If this is the case, your friend may like your crush too. For instance, your friend may touch your crush’s shoulder as they say goodbye. When you like someone, you often get anxious since you want to make a good impression. If your friend starts to trip over their words or act quiet and reserved in the presence of your crush, they may have feelings for them.  For instance, your friend may stutter slightly or look back and forth toward your crush repetitively. If your friend is shy in general, this may not indicate that they have romantic feelings. If your friend does things like make eye contact with your crush, flip their hair, smile when your crush is around, or laugh and giggle often, they are likely flirting with your crush. While some laughing and joking can be completely harmless, if they do these things all the time, your friend is likely crushing too. Also pay attention to see if your crush does any of these things toward your friend. If so, they may like your friend too. To get a sense of how your best friend feels, mention your crush to them in conversation. Do this casually so they don’t think you’re prying for information. For example, mention that you want to invite your crush to prom. You can also say something like, “So I was hanging...


Notice if your hair feels dry and is difficult to style. Check your hair often. Braid your hair, if it's all 1 length. Look for common split ends. Examine your hair for different types of split ends. Use a magnifying glass.

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Damaged hair won't hold onto moisture, so it'll feel dry even if you're using good hair care practices. Additionally, it won't hold volume and will be hard to manage. You may find it hard to comb.You may find that your hair never feels smooth, or that the top of your hair feels smooth, while the ends feel rough and dry. It's easy to fall into a hair routine where you use the same products and treatments again and again. Be in the habit of closely looking at your your hair at least once a week. This way, you'll be able to catch split ends early before they spread up the length of the strand.  If you notice a lot of split ends, reduce how often you style your hair with heat or chemicals. When you do use heat, make sure you apply a heat protectant beforehand. Additionally, condition your hair often and replace old or cheap brushes and combs. You'll still need to trim the split ends, but changing your hair care routine going forward could prevent split ends in the future. Divide sections of your hair into braids that are about 1 inch wide. Keep the tension even as you braid so you don't make the braid taper unnaturally. Look at the braids of hair to see if they are the same thickness from top to tip. If they taper by the end, the hair is damaged and probably has split ends. This method for finding split ends doesn't work if your hair is weighted or layered. If your hair is over 12 inches long, it may start to taper because of normal wear (not split ends). Wear your hair loosely so you can pull strands in front of your face. Examine the tips of several strands. Each strand of hair should be straight at the end. But, if the hair is split, the strand will fork off into two or three different directions. It's easy to remember that common split ends make little "Y" shapes at the tips of your hair strands. There are more variations of split ends than you may think. If your hair has more complex split ends, your hair may be more damaged and need more of a trim. Look for:  Triple/Multiple splits: these look like regular...


Notice if your tongue protrudes between your two front teeth. Check if your tongue touches your two front teeth. Listen for a wet sound when you speak. Notice if your tongue touches your palate when you speak.

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This is called an interdental lisp. When you have this kind of lisp, you make the “th” sound for “s” and “z” sounds in words when you speak. Interdental lisps often occur in young children and can be corrected if caught early enough. This is called a dentalized lisp. Your teeth will touch your two front teeth when you try to say “s” or “z” sounds in words. This type of lisp is common in young children and often goes away as the child gets older. Doing speech therapy and getting dental treatment can also improve this type of lisp. You may also notice air escapes outside the sides of your tongue, making the wet or slushy sound when you try to say words with the “s” or “z” sound. This is called a lateral lisp. A lateral lisp needs to be addressed with speech therapy so it can improve. Your tongue may touch your soft palate, or the roof of your mouth, when you try to say “s” or “z” sounds. This is called a palatal lisp. This type of lisp should be treated with speech therapy. Both lateral and palatal lisps are considered more severe than interdental and dentalized lisps. You may need to try several different treatments for lateral and palatal lisps to cope with them well.


Notice signs of control in your relationship. Make your break up clear. Cut off contact. Get back your keys.

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Stalking is about control.  If your partner has been trying to control you, he is more likely to continue doing so after you have broken up. Some of these signs include:  Regularly belittling you, putting you down, or discouraging your dreams and personal growth. Trying to cut you off from your friends and family. Instead, he always tries to keep you near him. Getting jealous when you do something without him, especially with others. Constantly checking up on you, wondering where you are and what you are up to. This certainly isn’t a guarantee that you will be stalked, but it can be a warning sign that your ex might try after the break-up. There should be no doubt in your mind that you have ended the relationship with this person. The important thing is that there can be no confusion that you do not want to see this person anymore.  While you may be tempted to let your ex down easily, you need to be firm and clear that you want to end the relationship. A potential stalker will use any potential opening as an excuse to continue following you, so don’t give one.  If you are fearful of the other person’s reaction, make sure to break up in a public place. While this generally isn’t a nice idea, you shouldn’t be alone if you are concerned for your safety. Your security comes first. This means phone calls, emails, texts, and any other forms of communication. Aside from cutting your ex off and not giving her a way to track you, it will also help you get past the relationship. This includes social media. Delete pictures or other items of the two of you together and block your ex. This will help prevent her from stalking you, and make it easier to move on by removing the means to stalk her in response. You and your significant other probably shared keys and other items as a way to stay close. Now that you have broken up, get your keys back. You don’t want to give her any access to you or your things. If you aren’t going to be able to get your keys back, it is a good idea to change your locks. You shouldn’t allow such...


Notice singing or whistling. Pay attention to soft chattering or talking. Identify beak grinding.

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If your bird is singing and whistling a lot that is a good sign, as this is the behavior of a bird that is generally content and healthy. A bird that is singing or whistling a lot is likely very happy. Try singing or whistling along with your bird. This can be a great bonding activity for you. A bird that is content is likely to chatter or talk a lot. In fact, if you spend time with them, they are likely to increase this chatter when you come around. If you pay attention to the sounds that your bird makes on a daily basis, you will be able to identify the difference between the contented chatter or talking and unusual sounds that signal other things. Beak grinding is a perfectly normal behavior in which a bird slides its top and bottom beak against one another. It is usually a sign of contentment. It may be done at any time of day but is usually done when the bird is settling down for the night. It is thought that beak grinding is done to keep the bird's beak in good condition.


Notice squinting. Be aware of headaches. Pay attention to double vision. Look for light halos. Notice if you are experiencing a glare. Notice blurry vision. Pay attention to night blindness.

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This is the act of tightly squeezing the eyes together in an effort to see objects better. People with vision problems often have different shaped eyeballs, cornea, or lens. This physical malformation prevents light from entering into the eye correctly and causes blurry vision. Squinting narrows the curvature of the light and increases the clarity of vision. Headaches can be caused by eye strain. Eye strains are caused by placing too much stress on the eye. Activities that cause eye strains include: driving, staring at computers/tv for long periods of time, reading etc. Double vision is seeing two images of one object. It can occur in one eye or both. Double vision can be caused by having an irregular shaped cornea, cataracts, or astigmatism. A halo is a bright circle surrounded by a source of light, usually headlights.  Halos typically occur in dark environments, for example at night or in dark rooms. A halo can be caused by nearsightedness, farsightedness, cataracts, astigmatism, or presbyopia. A glare is a source of light that enters your eye that does not improve vision. A glare typically occurs in the daytime. A glare can be caused by nearsightedness, farsightedness, cataracts, astigmatism, or presbyopia. Blurry vision is the loss of sharpness in the eye which affects the clarity of vision. Blurry vision can occur in one eye or both. It is a symptom of nearsightedness or farsightedness. Night blindness is trouble seeing at night or in dark rooms.This condition is typically made worse when someone has just been in a bright environment. Night blindness can be caused by cataracts, nearsightedness, certain medication, vitamin A deficiency, retina issues and birth defects.


Notice that point spreads adjust the score for the favorite team. Ask your bookie about the "vig," which determines your potential profit.

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This is easiest to see with an example: If the New York Knicks are playing the Boston Celtics, and Boston is favored to win by a 4-point spread, then a bet on Boston only pays out if Boston wins by more than 4 points. A bet on New York pays out if New York wins or if they lose by less than 4 points.  If the favorite wins by the spread exactly, it is called a "push" and all bets are refunded. In the example, if Boston wins 88-84, then it is a push and no one collects a profit. If you see "half-odds" (a 4.5-point spread, for example), this is to make a "push" impossible. When the spread is small, moneyline bets are often better since the spread does not indicate a clear underdog. Also known as the "juice," the vigorish is the commission charged for placing a bet. Typically the vig is -110, and you read this number like a moneyline bet (see above).  On a vig of -110, I must bet $110 to make a $100 profit. Continuing the example above, say I placed $110 on Boston, and they win 96-90 on a 4-point spread. Because they won by the spread, I would make $210 ($110 + $100). Sometimes there are different vigs for each team. A line from before might look like this: Boston -6, -125; New York +6, -110. This means you have to bet $125 on Boston to earn $100 because there is less risk betting on Boston.


Notice the amount of alone time she seeks out with you. Watch for eye contact. Pay attention to her reaction to your interactions with others. Pay attention to the way she touches you. Notice whether she laughs at your jokes or not.

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In particular, see if there’s a change. If you two used to hang out all the time alone, and she’s suddenly reluctant to do that, it’s possible that she has a crush on you and is feeling nervous about it. On the other hand, if you usually only hang out in a group, and she starts seeking out time alone with you, she may have a crush on you.  A tomboy may be more willing to make it clear that she is seeking out more time with you than other girls would.  Boys are often pressured to ask directly for what they want instead of being coy. It’s likely that she’s modeling her behavior on more masculine flirting, so she may be more direct. This one is a little tricky because good eye contact could also just mean good social skills. If you observe that she’s making eye contact a little longer than what seems normal, that’s a good sign that she’s into you. Alternatively, if you notice that she’s refusing to meet your gaze (especially if this is different from before), this may be a sign that she’s feeling shy about looking at you because she likes you. Particularly if it seems like you’re flirting with someone else, does she look put off or angry? Does she tend to avoid you or act aggressively after she sees you do this? Especially if you have a crush on her too, don’t flirt with other people just to make her jealous. This is confusing (and mean) both to her and the person you’re flirting with.  Just interact normally and see if a normal interaction makes her appear jealous. Is she “accidentally” touching you a lot?  For example, does she bump into you with her elbow at the lunch table when there’s plenty of room to avoid you? Do her fingers brush against yours when she hands you a pencil? If so, there’s a good chance she’s “accidentally” touching you on purpose because she likes you.   Touch is often key in tomboy flirting style because masculine flirting tends to include more touching than feminine flirting. Does she hit you more than usual? Unfortunately, one way that boys are socialized to show affection is through...


Notice the broken lines. Observe the variance in spots. Don't confuse the spotted tabby and mackerel tabby.

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Spotted cats earned their name because of the broken lines in their coat patterns. This "broken" coat pattern may cause the lines to appear as spots, though this cat is still very much a tabby. The "spots" on the spotted tabby's coat can come in a variety of shapes and sizes. They may be large or small, and may appear to be round, ovular, or rose-shaped. Though every spotted tabby's coat will be slightly different, some may be easily confused with a mackerel tabby. Certain spotted tabbies may have "spots" that extend from a spinal stripe, like the mackerel tabby. The difference is that a spotted tabby will still have a more blotchy or spotted appearance.


Notice the characteristics of ready-to-use formulas. Learn to identify powdered formulas. Realize what is considered a concentrated liquid formula. Get familiar with hydrolyzed formula.

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Ready-to-use formulas are liquid and ready to be poured directly into the baby bottle without being diluted.  These formulas focus on convenience, especially for late night feedings. Ready-to-use formula is also the most costly type of baby formula. Because of its volume, ready-to-use formula also require quite a bit of storage space compared to other formula categories. Another factor to keep in mind with this category is that this category of formula is perishable and will not last long after the container is opened, even when refrigerated. Powdered formulas are purchased in powder form, and mixed with water when preparing for feeding.  These formulas need to be measured and thoroughly mixed with the right amount of water when making a bottle for a baby. Formulas in this category do take a bit more time when preparing a feeding, but several bottles can be made at once and stored in the fridge for later use. Powdered formula is the least expensive and takes up the least amount of space in the pantry or diaper bag. One issue with formulas in this category is the possibility that the powder might not get thoroughly mixed with the water in the bottle and clumps will form that can clog the nipple. Another issue is that there may not be any suitable water available when it is necessary to make a bottle while away from home. Concentrated liquid formulas have characteristics of both powdered formula and ready-to-use formula.  Concentrated liquid formulas are in the middle category, being in liquid form, but still requiring additional water prior to serving. The cost of these formulas is generally between that of the other two categories. They are easier to mix than the powdered formulas because there is no chance of clumps forming, but there is the chance of leakage when transporting an open container. Hydrolyzed formula is formula that contains broken-down proteins that are easier to digest. There are two types of hydrolyzed formulas: partially hydrolyzed and extensively hydrolyzed.  The extensively hydrolyzed...


Notice the color of the rock. Look for flint in various shapes. Look for a glossy surface on the rock. Test the hardness of the stone. Take out a striker made of carbon steel and strike it against the stone.

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Flint will likely appear black or dark gray. This is the only physical difference between flint and chert. Chert doesn't have a particular identifying color, but it usually appears in a combination of a few different shades depending on the other minerals that are present. Shades of maroon, tan, yellow, white or occasionally a deep blue are all common among types of chert. Sometimes these colors may form bands along the surface.  Other types of quartz to learn to identify that can also be used in place of flint could be carnelian, agate, bloodstone, jade and chalcedony.  Surrounding rocks can impact the appearance of flints. When flints are buried in chalk, a white patina or film can form over the flint. Flint can be found in natural occurring nodules or as a fragment that has been worked into a shape.  Flint nodules can appear in various smooth, rounded shapes embedded in chalk or limestone. When you find flint that has been embedded in a chalk bed, it is common to find an imprint of shells cast into the surface.  Look for rocks that have been split like broken glass. Flint fractures differently from many crystals. When the pieces come apart the tend to look like glass shards, with curves and sharper edges.  In addition to looking for natural nodules of flint, be sure to look for flint that has been worked into a shape. You can control the way flint splits easier than other rocks, which is another reason why people used to used flint to shape tools and weapons. Sometimes flint may have edges that seem to have been chipped away or have a point, indicating they have been used as a tool. Flint often displays a natural, glassy luster. If it was just broken, the luster may seem dull and somewhat waxy to the touch. You can usually rub away or sand this cortex to reveal more of the surface luster. If you have a glass bottle, try to scratch it with the sharp edge of the flint. If the rock is strong enough to scratch glass, it is as hard as flint. Be careful when striking glass with a rock. Using gloves to protect...


Notice the color. Scratch the metal across a ceramic surface. Test the density of the metal.

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While brass and gold have similar colors, gold is shinier and more yellow. Brass is duller than gold and does not have the same vibrant yellow color as pure gold. However, if the gold is mixed with other metals, this method will be less reliable. Gold is a very soft metal. When scratched across a ceramic surface, gold will leave behind a streak of gold. However, brass is harder and will leave a black streak on the same surface. Simply press the metal to an unpolished ceramic surface and pull it across the surface. The most accurate way to test the density of the metal would be to measure the volume and the mass, then calculate the density mathematically. Luckily, there's a faster and easier approach. Use your hand to toss the metal lightly up and let it come back down (or you can just lift it and lower it quickly without it leaving your hand). Since gold is more dense than brass, it will feel heavier than you might expect. Since brass has a lower density, it will feel lighter.


Notice the person's appearance. Check on sudden weight changes or sleep patterns. Notice unusual smells. Observe signs of injuries. Be aware of involuntary movement. Notice changes in personal hygiene. Look for drug paraphernalia.

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A person who is high on opiates will have constricted pupils. She may appear tired or sleepy. Despite nodding out, she may attempt to continue conversations, or speak in a slurred voice.  The person may seem confused. She may experience memory lapses. The addicted person may demonstrate poor balance, and clumsiness. She will have less control of her physical body. Frequent nosebleeds can occur when drugs are snorted or sniffed. You may notice a runny nose or rashes around the nose and mouth. The person's eyes may be red and glazed. Someone who is abusing prescription drugs may have abrupt changes in her appetite. She may eat rarely and lose a great deal of weight.  If the person is abusing a stimulant drug, she may go for days without sleeping. When she does sleep, she may sleep for long periods of time. Insomnia is a symptom of abuse of stimulants. It's also a side effect of withdrawal from many medications. The person's breath, skin, or clothing may emit a foul smell. The smell is a result of the chemical interaction between the person's body and the drug. If the person is trying to crush the pill and smoke it, it may be the odor of the smoke. The person may also sweat more than usual, which increases their body odor.  The person's sense of smell may be either greatly enhanced or diminished. The person using drugs is unlikely to notice her own change in smell. Drug use often results in physical clumsiness, awkward movement, or visual alternation. If you notice signs of unexplained injuries, this can be a sign of prescription drug abuse.  Common injuries include mild cuts and bruises. Injuries may be more severe. The person may become defensive when asked about injuries, or she may not remember how they occurred. The person may wear long-sleeved shirts even in warm weather to hide marks from injections. You may notice the person's hand or arm shaking, or experiencing tremors. The person may have difficulty forming words. Her speech may be slurred.  The person may have difficulty holding a pen, signing her...


Notice the telltale sign of butterflies in your stomach. Notice your inability to concentrate. Recognize those dreams of a future together.

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The next time you see your best friend, note whether you feel tingly inside. When he or she talks to you, the words in your mind get tangled up in a huge knot and you don't know what to say. You try your best to get those words out of your mouth but it ends up that you just can't bring yourself to. If talking just became a huge challenge for you, it may be a sign you're falling in love. When you go somewhere and get bored. Or, if you have extra time and feel like it, you take out your binder and a piece of paper and a few colored pencils and start doodling his or her name on the paper you brought out. You do this to make yourself feel that feeling, that feeling of love and a crush. When you're asleep at night, you dream of you and him or her living a carefree and happy life together. Maybe you even dream about a honeymoon. Sometimes you get this one dream where he or she asks you out, and you say yes, and until you wake up you feel that that dream is real––you never want it to end.


Notice the word choice and language. Look at the sentence structure. Determine if the author uses irony. Read the work out loud. Note that a work can have more than one tone.

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One way you can determine tone in a literary work is to pay attention to the words and language used by the author. Consider why the author chose certain words or language to describe a scene. Think about why certain words were used to discuss a character. Think about how these choices create tone.  For example, you may study a passage from the short story “The School:" “And the trees all died...I don't know why they died, they just died. Something wrong with the soil possibly or maybe the stuff we got from the nursery wasn't the best...All these kids looking at these little brown sticks, it was depressing.” In the passage, Barthelme creates a solemn, gloomy tone by using words like “depressing,” “dead,” “died,” and “wrong.” Read a few lines of the literary work and notice how the sentences are structured. You may notice the sentences are short and often do not vary in length, creating a certain tone. Or you may notice sentences that are long and winding down the page. This could create a meditative or thoughtful tone. For example, in many thriller novels, the sentences are often short and to the point, with very few adjectives or adverbs. This can help to create a suspenseful tone, full of action and tension. There are different kinds of irony, including verbal, situational, and dramatic. A situation is described as ironic if the expectations and reality of that situation are incongruous. Irony is often tied to sarcasm, but not always. Take note of the use of irony in literature and examine how it contributes to the tone or to a tonal shift.For example, if someone says, “Good thing I wore my parka today” when the temperature is 85 °F (29 °C), they're using verbal irony. Reading a work of literature out loud can help you get a better sense of the diction of the piece. Diction refers to how words sound next to one another in a sentence. It is often more clear when a work is read out loud, as you can hear how each word sounds and pay attention to how this creates a certain tone to the piece. For example, you...


Notice warning signs of a seizure. Help relax your dog after a seizure with soothing substances. Take your dog for regular checkups.

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Although it will probably always feel scary when your dog has a focal seizure, you’ll likely handle it better once you recognize some signs. Before a seizure, dogs typically exhibit behavioral changes, such as seeming anxious or unfocused. During focal seizures, your dog might also snap its mouth and appear to be biting at flies.  If you think a seizure is coming, move sharp objects, other dogs, and children away from your dog. This reduces the likelihood of the dog accidentally getting hurt. You can allow your dog to eat and drink small amounts, but don't let them have an excessive amount of anything. Your dog might feel pretty shaky after a seizure, and that's normal. You can give them a small amount of rescue remedy to help calm them. Add a small dish of vanilla ice cream to help level out the blood sugar. Make sure to monitor your dog for additional warning signs of a seizure. They can sometimes come again rapidly. You can also make your dog more comfortable by helping them to cool down. Consider a cool, damp cloth or placing a gentle fan in front of them. If your dog is prone to seizures, it’s even more important than usual to provide consistent medical care. Your vet might also want to regularly do lab work on your dog to make sure any medications are working properly. Ask your vet how frequently you should bring your dog in.


Notice what causes symptoms. Determine the onset of symptoms. Determine if you have a break in your skin. Notice the site of reaction. Consult a dermatologist.

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Irritant contact dermatitis is an inflammatory reaction that occurs in response to various physical and chemical stimuli. Allergic dermatitis is an immune-mediated reaction to foreign objects. Although the symptoms of each kind of reaction can be similar, understanding what kind of reaction you have will help you to deal with your sensitive skin.  Irritant contact dermatitis is often caused by exposure to the following irritants: water (prolonged exposure, like dishwashing)  detergents, like soap solvents, such as acetone (found in nail polish remover) oxidizing agents, like bleach acids alkalis, like ammonia or sodium hydroxide metal tools wood fiberglass plant parts, like thorns and spines paper dust or soil   Allergic contact dermatitis is often caused by exposure to the following allergens: perfumes latex plant products, including leaves (example: poison ivy) glues and cements plastics nickel hair dyes soaps and detergents cosmetics Understanding how long it takes for a reaction to develop will help you to distinguish between irritant and contact dermatitis. Some reactions can take minutes to hours to develop, while other symptoms may appear days after exposure.  Irritant contact dermatitis causes symptoms within minutes to hours of contact with the inciting agent.  Allergic dermatitis is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction that is T cell mediated. This means that the onset of symptoms is often later compared to irritant contact dermatitis. Symptoms typically appear several hours after exposure to an allergen. A break in your skin could include a cut, burn, or removal of a layer of skin, for example by ripping off an adhesive bandage.  Irritant contact dermatitis often involves disruption in the endothelial layer that protects your body from the outside world.  Allergic contact dermatitis does not require a break in the skin to elicit a response; however, a break may still be present. Although some areas of skin may be more or less sensitive than others, some symptoms of sensitive skin can be...


Notice what movie he wants to see. See where he wants to sit. Notice if he gets food to share. Watch how he talks to you before the movie.

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The movie he suggests you watch can be a big indicator if he wants to kiss you during the movie. A movie that he is very excited to watch might mean he wants to focus more on the movie than on kissing you. If he chooses a movie he does not seem excited about, he might have chosen it so he can kiss you during the movie.  If he has seen the movie before, he might want to kiss you more than pay attention to the movie. He might be hoping the movie sparks your interest in kissing him if he chooses a romantic movie.  Keep in mind that the movie he chooses might not necessarily be an indicator if he wants to kiss you or not. If he suggests somewhere to sit, it might be an indicator of whether he wants to kiss you or not. Kissing might not be the first thing on his mind if he wants to sit right in the front or next to a group of people. He might be thinking about kissing you if he suggests you sit in the back or in an isolated corner. If you are hoping to kiss him, you can suggest sitting in the back if he doesn’t: “There are a lot of empty seats in the back. Let’s sit over there!” If he does not get food, he might be worried about it getting in the way of kissing you or making his breath smell bad. However, sharing food can spark physical contact and break barriers.  Eating together can also make you become more comfortable around each other and make you both less nervous. Sharing food might lead to accidentally touching hands when reaching for the popcorn or breaking germ barriers when sharing a soda. A guy might be interested in kissing you if he is being playful with you and giving you compliments. He will probably talk to you before the movie starts and might try to initiate conversation and flirty commentary during the movie too.  Whispering and getting close to your ear when he talks is a sign he might want to kiss.  He might say something complimentary: “You look very pretty in your dress!” He might make funny comments about the previews or the movie to make you laugh: “Wow! That horror movie looks like a...


Notice what was done right in the example: Write it up.

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The speaker spent relatively little time on credentials or bragging. The speaker just said who he is and where he is from. "My name is Peter Gibbons, I work at Initech as a manager in the IT department." Then quickly moved into what he is there to teach. The speaker made sure to share some enthusiasm for the subject, "I am very excited".  The speaker made an effort to engage the audience, "I am sure you are all familiar with".  The speaker helped orient the audience about the goal of this learning experience, "you will find this helpful as you implement your own management schemes." Now that you have decided you are giving a Teaching Seminar and identified your goals, it is time to craft your own introduction. You can use the above example as an outline when writing your own. Of course you will have to customize it for your own unique background, qualifications and goals. Remember in your Teaching Seminar introduction to express your enthusiasm for the subject at hand.


Notice when they're there. Check your finances. Observe what they do. Examine your own relationship.

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There may be long periods of time where you don't know where your partner is. Unexplained chunks of time may be a sign of lying, or your partner is lying about where they are.  Talk to your partner about what they do when you're not there. Be respectful of the other person's space, as well as the relationship you have. You can double-check stories by asking friends, family, or coworkers.j Dishonesty in relationships can stem from financial disagreements or troubles, and it is important that you check your bank account, extra cash, and wallet. This step is more pertinent for married couples, but applies to anyone with shared finances.  Look for any charges that are unfamiliar to you. Don't root through someone else's personal financial history without their permission. You can look through your own. When your guy or girl is around, they might act differently than they used to. This could be anything from checking their phone more often to kissing you before bedtime. Behavior changes can signify almost anything, including lying. Investigate the cause of a behavior change in case it is that your guy or girl is lying.  One common change is the response to questioning: often, people who are lying do not like being questioned. “Why don't you trust me?” or “Who wants to know?” The behavior change might be most obvious in social media, texting, or at work. It might not be the most obvious to you. Has trusting your guy or girl been an ongoing problem? Have you caught your partner in a lie before? At some point, the problem is not whether your partner is lying to you: the problem is that you feel like your partner could be lying to you at all.  If you suspect your partner is lying to you, look at the overall picture of your relationship with this person. Systemic or serial lying can be a sign that something in the relationship is not working.  If your partner is lying, you must decide if you want to move forward in the relationship and forgive. For forgiveness to occur, the wrongdoer must accept responsibility, show...


Notice when you feel your emotions getting away from you. Breathe in deeply Focus on physical sensations to recenter your mind. Relax your muscles to relieve physical and mental tension. Visualize yourself in a calm, safe place. Create your own "Happy Book" or "Joy Box.

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The first step to gaining control of your emotions is to recognize when they’re out of control. Ask yourself what this feels like physically and mentally, then work to identify it in the moment. Catching your emotions when they start to spiral requires mindfulness and conscious, rational thought; just the recognition alone will start to ground you in the present moment.  You might experience physical reactions like a faster heart rate, tense muscles, and rapid or shallow breathing.  Mentally, you might start losing focus, feeling anxious, panicky or overwhelmed, or feel like you can’t control your thoughts. Slow down and focus on one element of your body’s reaction at a time. For example, if you’re suddenly feeling anxious, notice what that feels like in your body: “My heart is beating very fast. My palms feel sweaty.” Acknowledge and accept these feelings as they are, rather than judging them. to calm yourself. When your emotions get away from you, your breathing will often get out of control as well, compounding your feelings of stress and anxiety. Cut off this spiral when you feel it happening by taking several deep breaths to calm down your mind and body. If you can, try a purposeful deep breathing technique for the most effective solution.  To try this technique, first place one hand on your chest and the other below your rib cage. Inhale slowly and deeply through your nose for a count of 4. Feel your lungs and abdomen expand as you fill them with air. Hold the breath for 1 or 2 seconds, then slowly release the breath through your mouth. Aim for 6-10 deep breaths per minute.  If a full 4-count is difficult for you, you can start with a 2-count and work your way up with practice. Just try to make your breaths as deep and even as you can. Losing control of your emotions can often come with a loss of self and place; you get wrapped up in your emotions and lose awareness of where you are. To counter this, force yourself to notice things directly around you or physical sensations you’re experiencing. ...


Notice when you’re thinking intrusive thoughts. Challenge obsessive or all-or-nothing thinking. Seek advice from a trusted friend or relative. See a therapist if you're not sure how to handle your partner's past.

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Learn to recognize obsessive, black-and-white thoughts and catch yourself when you jumping to conclusions. It’s one thing to think about your partner’s past or experience emotions about it. However, try to identify when your thoughts race or if you take a past event out of context.  Emotions such as anger, sadness, and jealousy are normal. For instance, it’s normal to be sad or cry about something bad your partner did in the past. If you're jealous or insecure about your partner's ex, it’s okay to vent to a loved one about it. On the other hand, try not to obsess over your partner’s past relationships, scour their exes’ social media accounts, or dwell on a minor mistake they made years ago. When you notice intrusive or irrational thoughts, question them. Remind yourself to stay objective, look at facts, and chip away at irrational suspicions.  For example, suppose you’re suspicious that your partner isn’t over their ex, but there isn’t any actual evidence. Ask yourself whether you're being reasonable if you start dwelling on your jealousy, thinking the worst of your partner, or obsessively looking over their ex’s social media profiles. Tell yourself, “Stop. It’s normal to feel jealous, but I need to manage my thoughts and actions. I can’t control my partner or their past, but I can control my reaction. They haven't given me any reason not to trust them, and I'm jumping to conclusions.” If you have suspicions, it's better to be honest with your partner instead of convincing yourself of the worst. Vent your feelings to a loved one, and ask them for a fresh perspective. They can help you figure out whether the issue is a matter of your perception or a legitimate cause for concern. Confide in someone who’s objective, and keep in mind anything you say may influence that person’s opinion of your partner. For example, suppose your parents are already on the fence about your partner. Talking to them about your partner’s flaws could just worsen their opinion. If you work things out and accept with your partner’s past,...


Notice whether children exclude others. Listen for name-calling. Notice whether a child gossips or shares private information. Be on the lookout for manipulative friendships. Be alert for signs of cyberbullying.

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Bullies who use relational aggression gain much of their power from ignoring a victim or excluding them from a social group. Giving someone the “silent treatment” is a form of exclusion. Bullies may also laugh at or whisper about a victim when the victim can see or hear them. Bullies who engage in relational aggression may act “hot and cold” in their relationships, acting friendly towards a victim one day and shunning them the next. Bullies often label their victims negatively or call them names. Name-calling is an easy way for bullies to gain a sense of power by singling another child out and making them feel different or inferior.  Name-calling, teasing, or other put-downs are damaging enough, but it can be especially harmful when part of relational aggression, as these put-downs are often coming from people the victim considered friends. Labeling a peer with negative adjectives such as “stupid” or “ugly” is a form of name-calling. Name-calling may also involve the use of racial or religious slurs. Gossiping and spreading rumors about others are two favorite tactics of bullies who use relational aggression. These bullies may tell other people’s secrets in an attempt to curry favor with friends or gain a sense of control over the person whose confidence they have betrayed. They may also invent mean-spirited rumors to make others look bad. If the bully was friends with the victim, they may share things that the victim shared privately. This betrayal can have a significant impact on the victim's ability to trust people in the future, and may make it difficult for the victim and bully to ever resume a friendship. Bullies who use relational aggression often do not form genuine friendships. Instead, they form alliances to manipulate others or improve their social standing. Some bullies will strategically make friends with certain people while shutting others out. They may also manipulate their “friends” by threatening to withdraw their friendship, or by acting friendly one minute and cold the next. Cyberbullying...


Notice whether she tries to touch you. Notice her playing with her hair, rubbing her lips, looking at her nails, or fiddling with her fingers. Notice whether she makes eye contact while talking to you. Notice some typical responses from a person who might fancy you.

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If you reach something out for her to take, see if she gently touches your hand before she takes it. This may be a sign of her eagerness to get closer to you. Beware: It could just mean she bumped you by accident. These are all possible signs that she's nervous and may mean that she's interested in you. If not, it could mean she is nervous, or just doesn't make eye contact, or doesn't like you. These include: Blushing, complimenting you often, giggling, making excuses to hang around you, teasing you, staring but looking away quickly when caught, hugging you and whispering to friends when you walk by.


Notice your overall energy level. Take note of any changes in tastes. Think about whether you've been moody.

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Fatigue is a common early sign of pregnancy. Even when you have not changed your routine or sleep schedule, you may feel tired throughout the day. Unexplained fatigue can be an early sign of pregnancy. You may not experience food cravings right away. However, early on in pregnancy you may suddenly develop an aversion to certain foods. You may dislike the smell of a food or drink you once enjoyed or did not mind. For example, you may wake up one morning and be nauseated by the smell of your morning coffee brewing. Pregnancy hormones can cause changes in mood early on. You may notice you get angry or frustrated more easily or are very emotional. You may cry over sad commercials or television shows more easily. These mood swings may be similar to what you experience just before your menstrual cycle.


Notify credit agencies. File a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). Select the “Identity Theft” tab at the top of the column on the right. Answer the questions and provide information. Provide as much information as you can. Call the police to file a report.

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If you believe that that SSN was stolen and you are the victim of identity theft you need to place fraud alerts with your credit agencies right away. Contact a credit reporting company (Equifax, Experian or TransUnion) and ask them to place a fraud alert on your credit file. The company will notify the other credit agencies so that each one has the same information.  The fraud alert will stay in place for 90 days, and can be renewed after that time. You should also request your free credit reports to see whether fraudulent credit card use has affected your credit. The FTC Consumer Complaint website is https://www.ftccomplaintassistant.gov. Make sure the “s” is in the web address. If your Social Security number has been compromised, contact the FTC first. The FTC collects information that can lead to an investigation or prosecution but does not resolve individual cases. After you have done so, a list of options will appear to the left. These include “I am a victim of identity theft” and “Someone tried to use my personal info.” Click on the appropriate option. The Complaint Assistant website will walk you through the appropriate process for your situation. The complaint process contains several sections. These will vary depending on the type of complaint you are filing.  For example, if you have lost your purse or wallet, you can file a complaint that will record the loss. This may help you protect against later identity theft. The “Getting Started” section is designed to make sure you selected the appropriate option and specifically determine your current situation. Single questions will appear with multiple choice answer options. Choose the option that best fits your situation. The more information you provide, the more likely it is that your complaint will be useful in preventing or stopping identity theft. The sections of the complaint will ask you to fill in information about your own lost or stolen information, anything you may know of the suspected identity thief, and any financial losses you have...


Notify the authorities of the death if they don’t know yet. Call or visit a funeral director to begin planning. Arrange to have the deceased transported to a storage facility.

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Alert the deceased’s medical provider or the emergency response service in your area. They’ll legally declare that the deceased has passed, which is needed when obtaining the death certificate. If this happened in a hospital or another facility, the staff will take care of this for you. It’s normal to not feel ready for this step, but it’s recommended that you call right away. The director can take care of a lot of the hassle, including setting up the funeral, transportation, and legal paperwork.  You’ll need to provide basic information, such as the deceased’s name and address, where they’re currently resting, and the contact information of the their doctor. It’s possible in many areas to arrange the funeral without a director. You may need to wash the deceased, transport them, and arrange for their burial or cremation yourself. Check the laws in your area to see if this is possible. Hospitals and other facilities require the remains to be removed within hours. The funeral director will arrange this during your first conversation with them. Pick a funeral home or mortuary in the area where the deceased lived.  The funeral home takes care of washing and dressing the deceased and can help you arrange further transportation in case you need to have the funeral somewhere else. If you need to have the funeral farther away, make use of one of these facilities while you arrange the extra transportation.


Notify the front desk immediately and ask for a manager. Request a refund or other form of compensation. Ask for the results of their professional inspection. File a complaint with the hotel’s corporate headquarters.

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As soon as you spot a bed bug or notice you’ve been bitten, call or go to the front desk. Ask to speak to the manager and tell them you suspect your room has bed bugs. Aside from seeing small red or brown bugs, you might wake up to find itchy red bumps or welts. Other signs of bed bugs include tiny red or brown stains on the sheets and shed exoskeletons, which look like translucent bug-shaped flakes. Even if you decide not to check out, you'll still need to switch rooms. Ask the manager to compensate you for the inconvenience. If they don’t offer a full refund, ask for a discount, a meal or room service on the house, or another perk. If you decide to switch hotels, you should demand a full refund. When you tell the manager about the bed bugs, ask if and when a pest professional will inspect the room. Look for another hotel if they don’t call a professional or don’t appear prepared to the handle the situation.  In many locations, hotels are legally required to have a pest professional inspect the room as soon as possible. The manager should offer to share the results with you. If they don’t offer, tell them you want a copy of the report. You’re entitled to know whether or not the pest professional found an infestation. If you stayed at a chain hotel, you might have better luck dealing with their corporate office. Look online to find their corporate customer service number. Tell them that you found bed bugs in your room and describe any issues you had with the staff’s response. Ask the corporate office for a refund if the manager didn’t give you one or if you’re not satisfied with the compensation they offered.


Notify the police. Identify the owner. Call the owner or property management company. Report municipal violations. Remain calm.

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The police can determine whether the people on the property are trespassers or squatters. A trespasser is someone who illegally enters property for a brief period of time. By contrast, a squatter usually brings their personal belongings with them and moves in. They may also have the utilities turned on.  The police can remove trespassers immediately. However, they can’t remove squatters. Ask the police if they will report the squatters to the owner. If they won’t, then you might have to if you want to get rid of them. Only the owner can evict the squatters. For this reason, find the owner by looking at records in the tax assessor’s office. You can also check the deed in the county land records office. Find contact information for the owner online or in the phone book.  Some property might be owned by a company. You can find contact information by checking with the Secretary of State’s office. If the owner hired a property management company, then its name should be on a sign posted on the property. Report that you suspect squatters are on the property. Tell them whether you contacted the police, and share any other information you have about the squatters. Remember, only the property owner can evict the squatters. Another good way to get an unresponsive owner’s attention is to call your local municipal inspector. Report that the property looks run down and ask them to come out and take a look. If they find safety violations, they can fine the owner. Dealing with squatters can be an unsettling experience, but it’s important that you try to stay calm and not escalate the situation. Aim for clear dialogue with all parties. It can take quite a bit of time to get squatters removed, so remain patient. Avoid forcing people out yourself.  Lean on your neighbors for support. They are probably just as upset as you are. Protect your own home by keeping doors and windows locked.