Learn the basic rules. Evaluate the whole table. Pick your target and aim. Visualize potting the ball.

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Though the game is played in casual settings like bars it has quite a few rules. If you aren't familiar with them, don't be afraid to ask a friend who is. You can also consult Billiards, a governing authority of snooker games.  If asking a friend, try to have them demonstrate the rule and how it is applied rather than just verbally explaining it. Seeing what a "scratch" is, for instance, is much more helpful than simply being told the rule. Take your time choosing your target ball. Many players attempt difficult shots because they don't see a simpler one. The easiest shots are shots where the target ball is close to a hole, and your cue ball has a clear path to the target ball. Walking around the snooker table will help you get a better perspective and make sure you aren't missing any easy balls. Be sure to use your dominant eye when trying to line up potential shots.  When looking down the shaft of your cue stick with your dominant eye, you should be able to see a clear path through the cue ball and to the target ball. A completely straight shot in which the cup, target ball, and cue ball are all lined up is easy to aim for. To aim for indirect angles, imagine a straight line going from the cup and through your target ball. Aim your cue ball for the spot on the opposite side of the cup that the line goes through the target ball. Striking the target ball at that angle will direct it to the cup. After you have found your target, visualize the entire process before attempting it. Imagine your cue striking the cue ball, the cue ball striking the target ball, and the target ball falling into the cup. Allowing your mind to see success first will help your body follow through.


Learn the basic throw first. Hold the shot as usual. Stand at the back of the circle. Pivot on the right foot. Spin around on your left foot. Jump and land on your right foot. Push off again to continue the spin. Release the shot.

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The spin throw involves two complete rotations before the shot is released, which can easily cause you to lose your balance. Being familiar with basic throwing technique is vital, so you can avoid injuring yourself by flinging the shot with an arm in the wrong position. Both the spin throw and the glide throw are used by professional shot putters, with mixed opinions over which is more effective. Grip the shot with your fingers and thumb, and press it against your neck. Both shoulders and feet should point to the back of the circle, with your feet shoulder width apart. Both knees are slightly bent, and your weight is evenly distributed. Slowly pivot onto your right foot. Turn your hips and shoulder so you are facing to your right (the left side of the circle). Remember to keep the elbow on your putting arm raised at all times. Pause and prepare to start the spinning motion: the rest of the steps below will all happen within a couple seconds. Switch "left" and "right" if you are left handed. Rapidly pivot on your left foot, bringing your right foot swinging around over the back of the circle. As your right foot swings back into the circle and around, push off your left foot and land with your right foot in the center of the circle. Your knee should be bent and your whole body angled down. You have now rotated 360º – one complete spin. Push off your right foot in the center of the circle, and continue the spin an additional 180º (half rotation). Land with your left foot as close to the toe board as possible, and your right foot back toward the center of the circle. Keep your head and right arm in the same position during this spin, to avoid interfering with your shoulder movements. Use the usual technique to release the shot, as soon as you complete your spin. If you extend your arm straight forward and upward with your elbow raised, the rotational momentum from the spin will be translated into the shot.


Learn the basics of ACH. Find out how ACH transactions work. Compare ACH to alternatives. Distinguish ACH credit payments from ACH debit payments.

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The National Automated Clearing House Association (NACHA) was established in 1974 by several U.S. regional clearing houses, the entities that facilitate money transfers between financial institutions.  ACH was essentially an agreement among these organizations to streamline the process of clearing funds for transfer. The NACHA now estimates that $40 trillion per year passes through the ACH Network. Making a paperless payment to your electric company, for instance, involves electronic transactions between you and your bank, the electric company and its bank, and the two banks and one of two ACH Operators which clear the transaction.  The payment Originator [you] initiates an ACH payment with his/her financial institution. The Originating Depository Financial Institution (ODFI) [your bank] records the ACH entry. The ODFI batches together and sends multiple ACH requests to one of two ACH Operators. The chosen ACH Operator (the Federal Reserve or the Clearing House) clears the request and transmits it (in a batch) to the Receiving Depository Financial Institution (RDFI) [the electric company’s bank]. The RDFI credits the Receiver’s [the electric company] account within 1-2 business days. With elements such as paperless transactions, clearing of payments between banks, and credits to accounts, an ACH payment has some similarities to wire transfers, writing paper checks, and credit card charges.  But it is different from each and has strengths (and possible weaknesses) vis-a-vis these alternatives.  A wire transfer is a direct, paperless transaction between payer and payee, cutting out the “middle man” that clears the transaction.  The wire transfer company, such as Western Union, only facilitates the process (and charges a fee for it).  Wire transfers are faster, happening almost immediately, but cost more (because of facilitator fees) and may run more risk of fraud (because the lack of a “middle man” to clear the transaction).  If you need to get money to someone right away, a wire transfer is still the fastest...


Learn the basics of fashion. Pay attention to fashion websites and blogs. Gather the basics. Pick a style that's right for you. Review your current wardrobe. Shop online. Follow trends with care. Accessorize.

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You might not have an idea of what it means to be fashionable. If you're unsure what constitutes a fashionable style, spend some time learning about fashion itself. You can do this by seeking out advice from friends and evaluating your own personality.  If you're unfamiliar with fashion, reading up on the latest styles might not be helpful. You may have difficulty understanding language and terminology. Instead of reading, ask a fashionable friend to take you on a shopping trip. Allow him or her to help you pick fashionable outfits that flatter your body type.  Good fashion sense starts with your personality. Ideally, your choice in fashion should express something about you as a person. Try jotting down a list of personality traits and passions you would like to see conveyed by your wardrobe.  Try to pay attention to the design of clothing you try on and buy in stores. Who is the designer? What is his or her reputation in the fashion world? Why did he or she put a pocket on a particular place in a coat or pair of jeans? Why use two kinds of fabric instead of one? Try to do some research regarding these questions when you get home. Google the designer and read up on his or her artistic and professional goals. If you want to be more fashionable, one great way to stay up-to-date on the latest trends and styles is to follow a variety of fashion blogs. These websites can give you inspiration on how to become more fashionable.  Bookmark at least 3 fashion blogs or websites. Browse the sites a couple times a week and look for updates on fashion trends and styles.  Instagram can also be a great resource if you want to be more fashionable. Follow Instagram bloggers whose style you admire. You can also try searching hashtags like #ootd (outfit of the day) for inspiration for new styles. Trends come and go, but certain items will always be fashionable. Stock up on the basics and, from there, mix and match with accessories and other clothing items. For instance, a nice, clean, white tee is essential for both men and...


Learn the basics of film-making with photography. Purchase suitable equipment. Produce amateur music videos with your friends. Study different genres of music video. Take a class.

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Many directors and film producers get their start in photography. Photography will introduce you to the basics of many important aspects of film making, like the different kinds of lenses, shot composition, lighting effects, and framing.  Even while learning basics with still photography, you should begin to orient yourself in the genre you are most interested. For example, if you like thrash metal, you might take pictures of or for a local thrash band to get a better feel for capturing that kind of image. In many cases, you can get permission to take pictures of local or lesser known bands by offering free copies of your photography. Filming equipment is notoriously expensive, so you'll have to take time determining which camera will be the best for your situation and budget accordingly. It's likely you'll also have to account for the cost of lenses, which can add several hundreds of dollars of expense to your purchase. Some recommended cameras include:   Canon EOS M is a very economic model that also has an HD movie mode for shooting in high definition. If cost is a significant factor for you, this may be your best option.  Canon EOS Rebel T2i is one of the best mid-cost cameras for shooting music videos. It also has a dim light mode, making it suitable for many different kinds of lighting environment. The videos you make with this will look professional, no matter the content.  Nikon D5200 is the most expensive of these three models. It has excellent features for music video shooting, like it's 24.1 megapixel CMOS sensor and 5 FPS continuous shooting, though you'll definitely need to budget for a lens for this one. In many cases, you can buy refurbished or like new models from electronics stores, pawn shops, or online for a fraction of the retail value. However, you should be wary when you go this route. Some "like new" cameras have damage that isn't obvious. This will prepare you for learning how to set up and direct the action of a scene. The professional side of video production can be very demanding,...


Learn the basics of present value. Use the present value equation. Calculate the required investment to reach a future amount. Calculate the present value of a future payment.

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Present value can be defined as "the current-day value of a future sum of money or stream of cash flows given a specified rate of return (interest rate)." This rate of return, called the discount rate, is used to decrease the future value of the payment or cash to find its present value. Finding the appropriate discount rate is important for properly valuing future cash flows.  In simpler terms, present value expresses the reality that a $10,000 payment now is worth more to an investor than a $10,000 payment in five years. Put another way, to find the present value of the future $10,000, we need to find out how much we would have to invest today in order to receive that $10,000 in the future. The present value is equation is very similar to the future value equation, except the exponent for the number of years is negative. The equation is usually stated as PV=FV(1+r)n{\displaystyle PV={\frac {FV}{(1+r)^{n}}}}. The variables stand for the following:  PV is the present value. FV is the future value. This represents the stated value of the future payment. r is the discount rate. This can be many different relevant rates, especially in corporate finance, but here we are using the interest earned on a compound interest-earning account. n is the number of periods (years in this case). One of the uses of present value is to determine how much money would need to be put into an account now so that the value of the account reached a certain amount in a number of years. For example, imagine that you are saving for college and wish to have an account value of $50,000 in ten years. The account earns 7.5 percent interest each year. To find the investment needed now to reach this value, input your variables in the present value equation.  Your future value is $50,000, n is 10, and r is 0.075 (7.5% expressed as a decimal by dividing by 100). So, your completed equation is: PV=$50,000(1+0.075)10{\displaystyle PV={\frac {\$50,000}{(1+0.075)^{10}}}}  Start by adding the 1 to i in the parentheses to get:...


Learn the benefits of calling your cat. Select a reward. Decide what verbal cue you will use to call your cat.

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There are several benefits to having your cat come to you when you call her. For example, you can call her when it's playtime or mealtime. You can also call your cat if you are unable to locate her in your home. In addition, when your cat knows how to come to you when you call her, you will have the reassurance that she is safely accounted for if you have to leave the house.  If your cat is indoor/outdoor, it will be helpful to call her to come back inside.  Calling your cat is also beneficial when it is time to leave the house for her veterinary appointment. Your cat may not view a trip to the veterinarian as a pleasant experience, so you may need to allow some extra time to get her come to you when it's time to leave for her appointment. Because cats are naturally intelligent, teaching your cat to come to you when she is called is a great mental exercise for her. Although positive reinforcement (verbal praise, petting) is an important component of successful training, the key to training your cat to respond to your call is an enticing reward. The most enticing reward for her will probably be food that she thinks is delicious, such as tuna, shredded chicken, or sardines. You can also purchase cat treats at your local pet store.  Keep multiple treats on hand. When you reward her, you can vary which food you reward her with so that she does not come to expect the same reward each time.  Catnip is  not   a good reward. Your cat's desire for catnip would likely diminish if she receives it more than once a week, so it would be best to select a food treat that will consistently entice her. Whichever food reward you choose, use it only when you call her. It is preferable for your cat to associate that tasty reward with responding to your call and no other commands or verbal cues.  Playtime can also be an enticing reward. You can use any verbal cue that you would like. One common verbal cue that cat owners will use is “Here, kitty kitty.” You can also use the words “come” or “treats.” The verbal cue should not be...


Learn the benefits of official recognition. Meet the guidelines for legally establishing a church. Apply for a certificate of formation. Get an Employer Identification Number (EIN). Keep records.

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Churches that are recognized as nonprofit according to Internal Revenue Code (IRC) 501(c)(3) are automatically considered tax-exempt. You do not have to apply for this protection if you meet the code’s guidelines. This tax exemption can provide financial and legal protection to your religion, allowing it to practice freely according to its principles.  Though tax exemption if automatic for recognized churches, you can still apply formally for it. This might be a good idea if you just want to be sure your religion qualifies for this protection, or if you think that officially applying will give it some legitimacy. If you want to apply for tax-exempt status for your religion, use IRS Form 1023-EZ. The IRS uses the term “church” broadly, taking it to mean any recognized religious group. The primary guidelines for recognition stipulate that any revenue the church earns may not be used to financially benefit an individual or shareholders, or to influence political decision-making (lobbying). The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) will consider whether or not a religious group officially qualifies as a church if it meets some combination of features, including:  It has a creed and worship practices It has formal leadership It has a clear history Its membership is distinct from other religious groups There is a recognized course of study to ordain leaders in the religion The religion has some form of foundational texts or literary tradition There are recognized or regular places to worship The religion has a regular congregation and services A certificate of formation (sometimes called articles of formation) is a document used in many locations to formally incorporate a religion as a legally-recognized entity. If describes what a nonprofit organization will do, how it will be managed, etc. Check your local laws to see if it is necessary to file this document. Even if you qualify for tax-exempt status, you will want to apply for an EIN number from the IRS. This number will be necessary if your religion ever has any...


Learn the cause of eye fatigue. Recognize the symptoms. Seek immediate medical attention. Diagnose eye fatigue.

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The causes of eye fatigue vary from person to person. It depends a lot on your particular circumstance as well as your daily activities. In order to alleviate the symptoms, you can try to determine the cause. Causes of eye fatigue include:  Dry or rough feeling eyes Minimal amount of blinking, or low blink rate Medication side effects Due to another previous medical issue Chronic disease There are many different symptoms of eye fatigue. These may manifest differently in each person, depending on the cause and severity of the fatigue. The symptoms can include:  Aversion or sensitivity  to light Headache Itchy, red, or sore eyes Neck pain Blurred vision There are certain situations that may require you to seek medical help. If you have any concerns at all about the health of your eyes, see your eye doctor as soon as you can to address your concerns. Make sure you seek medical attention if you experience:  A feeling of having a foreign object in your eye A decrease in your overall vision Any lightheadedness, faintness, or dizziness Any eye pain or other, non-eye related symptoms that accompany eye fatigue Although you may suspect eye fatigue, a true diagnosis can only be made by your eye doctor or other medical professional. If you experience any symptoms of eye fatigue, especially if they last for an extended time, make an appointment with your eye doctor. He or she will perform an eye exam and ask you a series of questions to figure out how your eyes have been feeling. Your doctor will also be able to eliminate other causes, such as infection or allergy.


Learn the causes of eversion. Identify out-toeing symptoms. Pay attention to your body. See your doctor. Undergo further testing. Receive treatment.

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Eversion is most common in younger children, though even in these cases it is still relatively uncommon. There are many different causes of eversion and learning about them may help you identify if you have a problem and get help in a timely manner. Causes of eversion include:  Flat feet, or pes planus External tibial torsion, or an outward twisting of the leg bone Hip contracture, or externally rotated hips Femoral retroversion, or having a thighbone (femur) that is angled backwards. Beyond having feet that point in a “V-shape,” people who have eversion exhibit other signs or symptoms. By identifying potential symptoms, you may be able to get a definitive diagnosis and timely treatment. Some symptoms of eversion include:  Functional difficulties, including walking. Pain around the front of the knee.  Hip tightness.  Hip or lower back pain. Discomfort may also be present in your neck and head as your body tries to maintain a straight posture.  Weakness in the knees, ankles, or hips. Whenever you are walking, running, or doing other types of exercise, notice if you experience any pain or unusual sensations. This can help you identify potential problems and get help minimize the risk of developing a more serious problem.  Note any symptoms you have, when they start and how severe they are. Be aware of anything that relieves your V-shaped walk or makes related pain go away. If you have pronounced symptoms and/ or pain, or attempts to correct your gait don’t seem to be successful, schedule an appointment with your doctor. She can assess your walk, make a definitive diagnosis, and prescribe proper treatment for your V-shaped walk.  Tell your doctor when you first noticed your walk or if you’ve always had it. Explain any pain or other symptoms you have. Allow your doctor to examine your walk or your lower body to help make an assessment of what is causing your V-shaped walk. Your doctor may also prescribe tests to better view your bones and muscles, which could also help her make a more definitive diagnosis and...


Learn the circumstances under which parental rights can be terminated. File a termination petition. Consult a family law attorney. Gather evidence and witnesses. Attend all necessary hearings. Prepare for setbacks.

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If you're trying to involuntarily terminate someone else's parental rights, this can only be done under certain circumstances. While these do vary to a degree state-by-state, the majority of US states will grant termination if the following circumstances are met:  Abandonment, which means failure to have contact with the child for over 6 months with no excuse Neglect, meaning basic needs like food, shelter, water, and health are not met Failing to support the child financially, meaning child support payments or other forms of financial support were not paid Egregious harm, meaning the child was hurt badly in the care of a parent Serious criminal conviction, meaning certain crimes, usually felonies involving harming children, can result in parental rights being terminated Much like voluntarily terminating rights, you need to file a petition to have rights involuntarily removed. Where and how to file petitions vary from state-to-state.  You can file a petition through Child Protective Services. This is called a CHIPS petition (Child in Need of Protective Services). You can also file a petition independently if you believe your co-parent is endangering your child and want his or her rights terminated.  You will need basic information about yourself and the parent whose rights you're terminating. This information includes name, address, place of birth, social security number, and other details you would typically provide on tax or legal documents. You should consult a family law attorney throughout the entire process. Terminating parental rights can be difficult and, if rights are being terminated involuntarily, legal battles can get stressful and ugly. A family law attorney can protect from personal attacks in court and help you gather the evidence necessary to prove another parent is unfit. Once your petition is approved, a hearing will be scheduled. In the time leading up to that hearing, gather evidence to make your case against the other parent.  You must prove some of the above listed grounds for...


Learn the common themes in dark poetry. Read examples of dark poetry. Analyze the examples.

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Most dark poetry focuses on emotions that may be morbid or disturbing. This could be feelings of loss, loneliness, death, depression, or anxiety. Dark poetry can act as a way to release these feelings and process these emotions. Many poets find dark poetry cathartic, almost like a form of therapy. There is also a sense of longing in dark poetry, as many dark poems romanticize death or dying. Often, poets see death existing right next to life. Death may be given sexual undertones or be portrayed as a figure of romance, but in a dark way. There are many examples of dark poetry, as this genre of poetry is popular among many different poets throughout literature. You may read several examples to get a better sense of the style and tone found in dark poems, including:  “Song” by Christina Rossetti. “Minstrel Man” by Langston Hughes. "The Pond Museum" by Brandon Shimoda.  "The morning after/my death" by Etel Adnan.  "Romance Sonambulo" by Federico Garcia Lorca. Once you have read over the examples, you should think about how each poet discusses darkness or dark themes in their work. Some poets may view darkness in terms of love and loss or darkness as more of a concept, where the speaker sees darkness in everyday moments or events.  Ask yourself several questions about the poems, such as: How does the poet explore darkness in the poem? Does the poet focus on a specific moment of darkness? How does the poet use sensory detail and descriptive language to describe darkness? For example, in Rossetti’s “Song”, Rossetti asks her lover not to mourn her death, but instead to move on with their life. Rossetti romanticizes death by arguing it has no domain over her once she is gone. She also uses rhyme and rhythm to give the poem a light quality, even when it is addressing heavy themes. In comparison, Hughes’ “Minstrel Man” looks at how minstrel shows in America hide a lot of darkness in plain sight. His speaker is a minstrel man who performs racist shows for American audiences. Hughes contrasts the apparent joy and...


Learn the complemento oggetto for singolare,  Learn the complemento oggetto for plurale: This is called complemento since it supplies or completes expectation from the subject of the sentence. Learn the position of object pronouns in a sentence as: Learn the rules of elisions.

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me: mi you : ti you (polite) : La him and masculine it : lo her and feminine it : la. us : ci you : vi you (polite masculine) : Li you (polite feminine) : Le them (masculine) : li them (feminine) : le. For example, "I called ..." will be completed by "her," as "I called her." Object pronouns come before a verb. Object pronouns come after the infinitives and attach to their stems, and will be learned in a more advanced stage than this introductory tutorial. Direct object pronouns before certain verbs contract into those verbs. This is called an elision. In Italian, these elisions are:  mi + verbs begin with a vowel (or h) : Sometimes deforms into m' ti + verbs begin with a vowel (or h) : Sometimes deforms into t' Lo + verbs begin with a vowel (or h) : Almost always deforms into L' lo + verbs begin with a vowel (or h) : Almost always deforms into l' la + verbs begin with a vowel (or h) : Almost always deforms into l' ci + verbs begin with e or i : Always deforms into c' vi + verbs begin with a vowel (or h) : Sometimes deforms into v' Li + verbs begin with a vowel (or h) : Never deforms into L' Le + verbs begin with a vowel (or h) : Never deforms into L' li + verbs begin with a vowel (or h) : Never deforms into l' le + verbs begin with a vowel (or h) : Never deforms into l'.


Learn the components of the microscope. Place the microscope on a clean, flat surface. Keep your microscope manual nearby.

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There are multiple essential pieces of the microscope that you need to be able to identify and use properly. The eyepiece is the portion that you will look into to view your specimen. Simple compound microscopes will only have one eyepiece while more complex microscopes will have a binocular eyepiece. Here are the components:  The stage is a platform where you will place your slides for viewing. The arm is the portion that connects the base to the eyepiece. The objective is the piece that magnifies the image. There are multiple objectives of varying magnifications. There are two focus knobs: coarse and fine focus. The coarse focus knob is usually a large knob on the side of the microscope that moves the objective lens towards or away from the slide. It allows you to find your specimen and roughly focus on it. The fine focus is a smaller knob that is used to focus specifically on the specimen. It allows you to fine tune what you’re looking at under the microscope.  The light source is on the base of the microscope and points up toward the stage. It provides the light for image viewing. The diaphragm is just underneath the stage and allows you to vary the amount of light shining on your image. Clear your surface of any debris that could potentially harm your microscope. Clean the area with a surface cleaner and lint-free rag, if necessary. Make sure the table is located near an electrical outlet.  Carry the microscope below the base and on the arm. Never pick it up solely by the arm.  Place the microscope on the table and plug it in. Read it carefully, if you want to see instructions on how to handle your specific model. The manual will also have instructions on maintenance and cleaning if those things are necessary.  Store your manual with your microscope so you can reference it easily. If you have misplaced your manual, try searching for a downloadable version of the manual on the website for the maker of the microscope. If you can’t find one online, contact the company directly and see if you can have...


Learn the compound interest formula. Gather variables the compound interest formula. Use the formula. Finish the math computations in the formula. Subtract the principal from your answer.

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The compound interest formula solves for the future value of the investment after set number of years. The formula itself is as follows: FV=P(1+ic)n∗c{\displaystyle FV=P(1+{\frac {i}{c}})^{n*c}} The variables within the equation are defined as follows:  "FV" is the future value. This is the result of the calculation. "P" is your principal. "i" represents the annual interest rate. "c" represents the compounding frequency (how many times the interest compounds each year). "n" represents the number of years being measured. If interest compounds more often than annually, it is difficult to calculate the formula manually. You can use a compound interest formula for any calculation. To use the formula, you need to gather the following information:  Identify the principal of the investment. This is the original amount of your investment. This could be how much you deposited into the account or the original cost of the bond. For example, imagine your principal in an investment account is $5,000. Locate the interest rate for the debt. The interest rate should be an annual amount, stated as a percentage of the principal. For example, a 3.45% interest rate on the $5,000 principal value. In the calculation, the interest rate will have to be input as decimal. Convert it by dividing the interest rate by 100. In this example, this would be 3.45%/100 = 0.0345.  You also need to know how often the debt compounds. Typically, interest compounds annually, monthly or daily. For example, imagine that it compounds monthly. This means your compounding frequency ("c") would be input as 12. Determine the length of time you want to measure. This could be a goal year for growth, like 5 or 10 years, or this maturity of a bond. The maturity date of a bond is the date that the principal amount of the debt is to be repaid. For the example, we use 2 years, so input 2. Input your variables in the right places. Check again to make sure that you are inputting them correctly. Specifically, make sure that your interest rate is in decimal form and...


Learn the connection between cancer and cosmetics. Understand the concern for endocrine disruptors. Know that your skin absorbs chemicals through pores.

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Some cosmetics have been linked to cancer. Talcum powder has been linked to ovarian cancer, while antiperspirants and parabens have been linked to breast cancer. According to the American Cancer Society and National Cancer Institute, there is no conclusive evidence linking these products to cancer. Both the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute suggest using cosmetics without these chemicals if you feel uncomfortable using them on your body. Many cosmetics include chemicals that are considered endocrine disruptors. Endocrine-disruptors are believed to interfere with the endocrine system and negatively affect people and animals. These chemicals are believed to have negative effects on the reproductive system of women.  Common endocrine disruptors include BPA, DEHP, phthalates, and parabens. The CDC states that the result of Phthalate exposure is unknown, though research has pointed to negative effects of phthalates on lab rats. They suggest more information and research is needed. Your skin is porous, which means it will absorb everything you put on it. This includes the chemicals in the cosmetics you use. Your skin has the potential to absorb colors, fragrances, toxic chemicals, and allergens.  Choosing products with less chemicals may help reduce the risk of introducing carcinogens into your body. Using cosmetics with less chemicals may help you reduce the risk of causing developmental problems in children. Toxins are not the only concern with chemicals. People may have an allergic reaction to the chemicals, which may cause dermatitis, rashes, or blisters.


Learn the contemporary terms. Understand the underlying causes. Know the effects.

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Though initially named after the disease's discoverer, the term "Bright's disease" has largely been removed from contemporary medical literature and discussions of kidney disease — in fact, your doctor might not know what you are referring to if you use it. Instead, Bright's disease as a diagnosis has been superseded by the contemporary medical terms "nephritis" or "glomerulonephritis" (GN). The term Bright's disease is most often found today by people researching their genealogy. There are two types of GN: acute and chronic. Acute GN may be caused by some other illness like strep throat or granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Chronic GN can run in families, but often the cause is not known. A person may suffer an acute attack and then develop chronic GN later on. Other causes may include:  Lupus Bacterial endocarditis Viral infections (such as (HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C) Goodpasture's syndrome Polyarteritis Diabetic kidney disease Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis Chronic kidney diseases affect the kidney's ability to function at a normal, healthy level. The loss of kidney function has subsequent effects on the rest of the body, including the body's ability to:  Filter waste out of the blood Maintain normal blood pressure Produce vitamin D Produce erythropoietin, which helps produce red blood cells


Learn the controls and functions. Gather initial resources. Create a temporary house. Build a crafting table Build a bed Sleep in your bed as soon as night falls. Craft some tools Know the different kinds of mobs.

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You can view a complete list of your Minecraft version's controls by doing the following:   Desktop - Press Esc, click Options..., click Controls..., and review the controls.  Mobile - Tap the "Pause" button at the top of the screen, tap Settings, and tap Touch on the left side of the screen. You can also tap Controller or Keyboard & Mouse to view these control layouts as well.  Consoles - Press the "Start" or "Options" button, select Help & Options, select Controls, and review the controls. Minecraft is largely about gathering and using the resources from the world around you. When starting out in Minecraft, you'll immediately need to gather the following:   Dirt - Perhaps the most common block in the game. Dirt is relatively useless later in the game, but can be used to create an effective temporary shelter early in the game. The dirt is very useful as it can also help when you get caught in a deep hole, which you can easily arrange one by one to create a dirt stair.  Wood blocks - Hitting trees will yield wood blocks. Wood is necessary for crafting everything from weapon and tool handles to torches and crafting resources.  Gravel and Sand - Both of these resources are similar to dirt, and can be used as floor or wall material. Gravel and sand both fall when no block is placed directly below them.  Wool - You can get wool by killing sheep. Wool (three pieces of the same color) and any type of wooden planks is necessary when creating a bed, which is an essential piece of equipment if you want to avoid frustration early on in Minecraft. Using dirt, gravel, and sand, build four walls and a roof for yourself. This will ensure that you have a place to hide when the world's night cycle begins.  You'll want to use dirt for your house because wood is much more useful for crafting tools. Remember to leave at least one block-sized hole somewhere in the house for telling when it is day so you can get out at the crack of dawn to have extra time to collect resources. . Crafting tables can be used to make almost anything...


Learn the crafting recipe. Make the chest. Find the iron

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First, make a crafting table out of four wooden planks. Place the table and use it by right-clicking. Insert these items into the crafting grid, in exactly this order:  First row: iron ingot, (blank), iron ingot Second row: iron ingot, chest, iron ingot Third row: (blank), iron ingot, (blank) If you don't have a chest, make one using eight wooden planks. Place them in the crafting table area, leaving the center square blank. Use planks, not logs. To turn a log into four planks, just place one in the crafting area. . Search in caves and underground to find iron ore, which looks like stone with beige flecks. Mine it using a stone pickaxe. Smelt the ore in a furnace to make iron ingots. Once you have your chest and iron, make the hopper using the recipe above.


Learn the definition of "organic chemistry. Learn the common ways of representing molecules. Learn how to represent bonds. Learn the basics of 3-D molecular structure. Learn to decipher orbital hybridization. Learn the basics of electronegativity.

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" Generally speaking, organic chemistry is the study of carbon-based chemical compounds. Carbon is the sixth element in the periodic table and one of the most vital building blocks for life on earth. Living things are made up of molecules made mainly of carbon. This means that O chem includes the chemistry that goes on inside your body every day. It also includes the chemistry that occurs inside animals, plants, and natural ecosystems. However, organic chemistry isn't limited to living things. For example, the chemical reactions involved in the burning of fossil fuels fall under the O chem umbrella because these reactions involve carbon-based compounds in the fuels. O chem is a more "visual" area of study than general chemistry. You will be relying on drawings of molecules and compounds more often than in previous chemistry classes. Knowing how to interpret these sorts of visual representations is one of the most basic, important O chem skills.  You'll need to be familiar with Lewis structures before you begin. These are typically taught as part of a general chemistry course. In a Lewis structure, atoms in a molecule are represented by their chemical symbol (their letters on the periodic table). Lines represent the bonds between them and dots represent their valence electrons. See our Lewis structure article for a refresher. One way of drawing molecules that will probably be new to you is the skeletal formula method. In a skeletal formula (also called "bond-line structure"), carbon atoms are not shown. Instead, there is just a line to represent the bond. Since there are so many carbon atoms in O chem, this makes it much quicker to draw molecules. Non-carbon atoms are still represented by their chemical symbols. A good guide to skeletal formations is available here. Covalent bonds are by far the most common type of bonds you will be dealing with in O chem (though knowledge of ionic bonds, etc. is still valuable). In a covalent bond, two atoms share unpaired electrons to form a bond. If extra unpaired electrons...


Learn the definition of email marketing. Use automation. Comply with laws regulating SPAM. Measure engagement and conversions.

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Email marketing is sending a message about your business to a group of people via email.  It gives you a way to promote your business and stay connected with your customers.  You can send advertisements, requests for business or solicitations for sales or donations.  It is an inexpensive and efficient way to reach a large audience.  You can also segment your e-mail list to send different kinds of emails to different customers. Use automation technology to send thousands of emails to customers on your marketing list.  Software can segment your list and send targeted, timed emails to your customers.  It makes your customers feel like you are reaching out to them personally.  Email automation software companies include MailChimp, InfusionSoft, Marketo, HubSpot and Eloqua. Familiarize yourself with the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC's) CAN-SPAM Act.  This act specifies requirements for commercial emails, gives customers the option to opt out of receiving emails from you and imposes tough penalties for violations.  It applies to all commercial email, including bulk email, individual commercial messages, business-to-business (B2B) commercial messages and emails sent to consumers.  The person or business originating the message must be clearly identifiable. The subject line must not be deceptive. You must disclose that your message is an ad. Your message must include a valid physical address that tells customers where you are located. You must offer an opt-out mechanism that works within 10 business days. Even if you hire another company to manage your email marketing, you are responsible for complying with the law. Calculate the number of times your emails are opened by customers.  Also, measure how many visits to your site are generated by each email campaign.  Evaluate how often an opened email converts into a sale.  Determine the total revenue earned by each email campaign.  Use this information to design future email campaigns.


Learn the definition of inventory turnover ratio. Determine the cost of goods sold. Determine the average inventory. Apply the formula to calculate the inventory turnover ratio.

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Inventory turnover means how many times a business sells and replaces its inventory in a given period of time.  A low turnover rate  indicates unproductive assets and lower profits. The company is holding on to too much excess inventory because it is not selling fast enough. A high turnover rate may be an indication of lost sales as products may be out of stock when a customer wants to buy them.   The components of the formula are cost of goods sold (COGS) and average inventory. The formula for calculating the inventory turnover ratio is COGS/AverageInventory{\displaystyle COGS/AverageInventory}. Inventory can also be calculated by dividing sales by inventory. The cost of goods sold is the direct expense associated with providing a service or producing a product.  For the service industry, cost of goods sold includes labor expenses, including wages, taxes and benefits.  In retail or wholesale, the cost of goods sold is comprised of merchandise that was purchased from a manufacturer, plus the expenses associated with acquiring, storing, and displaying inventory items.  The cost of goods sold is recorded on the income statement. It is recorded as a deduction of revenue and determines the company’s gross margin. It is typically calculated with the formula BeginningInventory+Purchases−EndingInventory=COGS{\displaystyle BeginningInventory+Purchases-EndingInventory=COGS}  For example, suppose in a 12 month period, a company has a beginning inventory of $9,000, $20,000 in purchases and an ending inventory of $3,000. Calculate the COGS with the formula $9,000+$20,000−$3,000=$26,000{\displaystyle \$9,000+\$20,000-\$3,000=\$26,000}. The COGS for that 12 month period is $26,000, and it would be recorded as an offset to revenue on the income statement. Average inventory is the median value of inventory within an accounting period.  The value of inventory may change significantly within an accounting period.  Therefore, it makes sense to calculate the average inventory when comparing inventory to total sales or cost of...


Learn the demonstrative adjective (and pronoun) this:

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This (masculine) : questo This (feminine) : questa These (masculine) : questi These (feminine) : queste.


Learn the difference between a revolver and a semi-automatic pistol. Choose the right handgun Protect your ears and eyes with proper safety gear. Always handle a handgun safely

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These are the two basic types of handguns. The handguns you would see in a cowboy movie are revolvers. The cartridges in a revolver are loaded into a cylinder in the middle of the frame of the gun. A capacity of six is most common but some hold five and are designed to fit smaller hands. A semi-automatic pistol has a sliding mechanism at the top of the handgun and a magazine of pre-loaded ammunition in the handle. Operation of each type of handgun differ slightly so it's important to clearly define terms before handling a gun.  Revolvers have a revolving cylinder for holding the ammunition. The ammunition is loaded into the cylinder, then the cylinder swings into the revolver and it is ready to fire. After a bullet is fired, the cylinder rotates and lines up the next cartridge in line with the firing pin. Most revolvers can be fired in a double action mode which is pulling the trigger which rotates the hammer until it falls and fires the cartridge. Additionally, the hammer can be pulled back into position before the trigger is pulled, this results in a much lighter trigger pull and improves accuracy. In order to retrieve the spent cartridges, the cylinder is rotated outwards allowing the empty ammunitions to be removed.  A semi-automatic pistol advances each cartridge into the chamber from the magazine. It then ejects the empty cartridge after it has been fired. The slide on the top of the gun is used to advance the first shell into the chamber, and can be locked in the back position with a button or pin on the side. The removable magazine is removed and loaded separately. and ammunition for your needs. Handguns come in many varieties with a seemingly endless array of ammunition options. Also, consider your body, hand size and purpose of your handgun. You probably don't need a .357 Magnum to try out target shooting at the gun range. Avoid buying an overly large high-caliber gun if you're interested in getting started, and instead get a small-caliber reliable gun, like a .22. Talk to dealers and others...


Learn the difference between a sport coat and other coats. Fit the coat correctly. Choose an appropriate weight for the season. Check the vents. Look for versatile patterns.

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Though they’re commonly conflated, a sport coat is not a blazer or a suit jacket. Sport coats need not match the fabric of the pants, as you'd find with a suit jacket. The biggest difference between a sport coat and a blazer is that sport coats are patterned, while blazers are made of solid fabric with a contrasting color of button.  Stylistically, sport coats are sometimes a slightly looser fit than other kinds of dress coats, allowing for outdoorsy use and "sporting." They're somewhat slightly less formal than a suit jacket or a blazer. The variety of fabrics is somewhat larger with sport coats as well. Wool, linen, cotton, and other kinds of materials are all common to sport coats. The one thing a sport coat must have, though, is a pattern. Since a sport coat isn't as formal as a blazer or suit jacket, it can have some give and should appear (and feel) a little looser. For jackets, the length of the coat is usually standard. To learn the cut appropriate for you, find your range below:  A short is typically used on people under 5’7, with sleeves up to 32 in. A regular is for people between 5’8 and 5’11, with sleeves of 32-33 in. A long is for people between 6’0 and 6’2, with sleeves of 34-36 in. An extra-long is for people taller than 6’2 with sleeves longer than 36 in. Sport coats come in summer and winter weights and are common for any season in which a bit of formality needs to be mixed with a bit of fun. Getting sport coats that can be used for different seasons will help you stay comfortable.  Wear cotton sport coats for the summertime. When it's hot out, you don't want to be caught in a wool jacket. Cotton breathes well and will help you to stay cool, despite wearing a relatively heavy article of clothing.  Wool jackets should be worn in winter. These are heat-saving and will often be able to be worn without the need for an overcoat. The vent is the open seam in either the back of the jacket or the sides, used to allow the jacket to hang loosely and make the trouser pockets available to the wearer of...


Learn the difference between good fats and bad fats. Eat fatty fish. Remove the skin and fat from chicken. Eat the right cuts of pork.

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Good fats are monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, such as those found in olive and canola oil, avocados, nuts, and fish. Bad fats include saturated or trans fat. Food high in these fats are butter, margarine, pie crusts, biscuits, pizza, and many more. Fish is the best meat to consume when adding healthy fats to your diet. Fish, especially fatty fish, are high in polyunsaturated fats. These fish are also high in Omega-3 fatty acids.  Healthy fish/seafood includes the following:  Salmon (king and sockeye) Herring Mackerel Anchovies Oysters Sardines Tuna (Pole and line caught) Lake trout The fat and skin on chicken contains saturated fat. A 1 cup serving of cooked chicken breast contains 276 calories and 3 g of saturated fat per ounce. Removing the skin and fat will remove the saturated fat.  Cooked chicken also has other healthy nutrients, like protein. 5 oz (140 g) of chicken has 43 g of protein. While pork is high in mono and polyunsaturated fats, it is can be high in saturated fats and calories, depending on the cut. 4 oz (113 g) of pork tenderloin has 163 calories, while the same amount of pork belly has 588 calories. Tenderloin contains 5.3 g of fat — 1.3 g saturated and 0.7 g trans. Eating pork is something to be considered when considering your whole diet. While pork does have a lot of good fats, it can have a significant amount of calories and bad fats. Eat white meat pork (such as tenderloin) and avoid the higher fat dark meat sections, and pork that is highly processed such as sausage and bacon.


Learn the difference between love and jealousy. Draw boundaries with a jealous partner or friend. Don't accept abuse. Get help.

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Jealousy is not love and feeling jealousy does not mean that you are in love. Some people mistake jealousy as an act of love, when it's really an act of insecurity and/or a lack of control. People who get jealous tend to be insecure and to have feelings of shame as well. If your partner is acting out due to jealousy, draw lines. Do not answer questions you are not comfortable answering. Do not cancel plans with your friends, or cut off contact with someone who matters to you.  Gently and firmly explain: "I will answer your questions, but only once. I will not give you the same answer over and over." "I will listen to how you feel, but I will not isolate myself from the people I love." "If you throw things or yell, I will leave the house and spend the night at my parents' house." "If you do not tell me how you feel, but you sulk or give me the silent treatment, I will tell you how that makes me feel and then I will leave the house until you call me." Do not assume responsibility for things you did not do. It may be easier to apologize and blame yourself when you are blamed for another's behavior. However, you know your own motivations. Don't let anyone convince you into believing that you were flirting when you weren't flirting, or that you "provoked" jealousy and subsequent bad behavior.  Listen calmly to your partner if he or she can use "I" statements, but do not subject yourself to a barrage of accusations. If your partner physically restrains you, hurts you, or breaks things, leave him or her. If you feel in any way threatened by a partner or other person who is jealous of you, get away from them if you can. Jealousy is the leading cause of spousal murders, and is a typical component of spousal battery. Get out of the house if your partner is physically aggressive, and call 911 or a domestic abuse hotline: 1-800-522-3304


Learn the different names for the pancha kachcham. Pick the right color. Know when to wear the dhoti. Pair the dhoti with the right garments.

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The pancha kachcham has many different names in different regions of the world. You may know it as the dhoti, but other people may call it something different. Knowing the many names may help you identify how and when to wear the garment. The pancha kachcham is also called:  Lacha (Punjabi) Dhoti (Bengali) Panache (Kannada) Veshti (Tamil) Pancha (Telugu) Mundu or veshti (Malayalam) Dhoti (Marathi) The dhoti comes in many colors, and the most common are white, cream, black, saffron, and blue. In general, white and cream dhotis are always safe to wear. You shouldn’t wear the pancha kachcham in other colors unless:  You’re a pilgrim visiting Sabarimala. Wear a black or navy dhoti for this purpose. You're an ascetic or Hare Krishna. Wear a saffron dhoti to signify this. There are several occasions when it’s appropriate to wear the pancha kachcham. Some of the most important times to wear a dhoti are at weddings and for temple.  The groom and all the members of the groom’s wedding party will wear dhotis during a traditional wedding.  Men often wear the dhoti to temple and during worship, especially in southern India.  The dhoti is also worn during traditional family occasions, celebrations and for cultural events. The dhoti isn't always worn on its own, and different regions have different customs about what else you should wear it with.  In northern India, the pancha kachcham is often worn with the kurta, which is a type of collarless shirt.  In the south of India, the dhoti is often paired with the Angavastram or the chokka, which are both unstitched pieces of cloth. The angavastram and chokka get draped over the shoulders.  It’s not necessary to wear undergarments with it. The dhoti is popular in hot climates, so it’s important to keep cool by wearing fewer layers.


Learn the different sleep stages. Observe your dog’s eye movements. Watch your dog’s body movements. Listen to your dog’s vocalizations.

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Just like people, dogs have different stages of sleep: short wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM). REM is considered to be the “sleep of body,” when the body is relaxed but the mind is very active. Dogs dream during REM.  SWS is known as the “sleep of the mind,” when brain activities have decreased, but muscle tone is still present.  It would be somewhat difficult to wake up your dog during the REM sleep stage, but he would probably wake up more easily during SWS. Dogs tend to start dreaming about 20 minutes after they fall asleep. Rapid eye movement is one of the most obvious signs that your dog is dreaming. If you look closely enough, you may be able to see your dog’s eyes moving under his eyelids. This movement is due to your dog actually seeing his dream images as if they were happening in real life. Your dog’s eyes may be fully or partially closed when he is dreaming. Quite naturally, dogs dream about typical dog activities (e.g., running,digging a hole and fighting with an imaginary burglar). His body movements when he is dreaming will likely reflect what is happening in his dream. For example, if he is running and/or chasing after something in his dream, you’ll probably see all of his legs moving in a running motion.  Your dog’s movements will likely be gentle and intermittent when he is dreaming, even if he is ‘running.’ Your dog may also have occasional muscle twitches during his dream. These twitches will look jerky and will not last long. He will quickly fall back into a more relaxed state.  Even though your dog may move occasionally while he is dreaming, his overall body posture will suggest that he is relaxed and at peace. Your dog may begin to make various noises when he is dreaming. For example, he may bark, whine, or cry, depending on what he is dreaming about. Usually, these vocalizations will be brief and infrequent, and will not wake him from his dream.  Your dog may also breathe differently during a dream. For example, he may start to breathe rapidly or have brief periods when he...


Learn the different ways to purchase gold stocks. Analyze specific gold-mining companies. Invest in gold mutual funds. Invest in gold-oriented exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Purchase gold stocks.

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Generally speaking, one can invest in gold stocks in three different ways: you can buy stock in gold mining companies directly; you can buy gold exchange-traded funds; and you can buy gold mutual funds. There are pros and cons to each of these methods. Buying mining company stock allows for direct, albeit high-risk, exposure to gold mining, whereas mutual funds and ETF's offer lower risk and better diversification. The most direct way to invest in gold stock is to buy gold-mining companies directly. This is both the highest-risk and highest- reward method. Investing in a mining company means you're placing a bet on that company's ability to be profitable, as opposed to spreading your investment over a wide range of firms. Thorough analysis of the company is essential, because you need it to perform better than its peers.   When selecting a gold mining stock, it is important to look for a few things. Look at production costs. Gold producers have little purchasing power, so being able to produce gold at a low cost is an essential advantage. This information can be located on the website of the mining company by clicking on "Investor Relations" and then looking at the annual or quarterly earnings report. Look at production. A strong company should be able to increase its production annually. Strong production means both higher revenues and lower costs. See the company's annual report for an indication of production growth. Often companies will  present this information in chart form. Look at the company's debt compared to that of its peers. The best way to look at debt is using the debt/equity ratio, which compares what a company owes to what it owns. This information can be found on websites like Morningstar.com. The lower the ratio, the better. Look at the valuation of the company. How expensive is a dollar of one company's  earnings compared to another's? Compare price-to-earnings ratios, which divide share price by earnings. This information can also be found on websites like Morningstar.com, and once again...


Learn the effects of tobacco. Understand social smoking. Determine if you are addicted. Consider seeing a doctor.

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Tobacco contains many, many chemicals, the most addictive of which is nicotine. Nicotine has been shown to be as addictive a drug as heroin or cocaine. Low levels of nicotine consumption create a slightly euphoric feeling due to the release of dopamine and the minor adrenaline rush that accompanies the act of smoking. Nicotine also increases the resting heart rate, lowers skin temperatures, and reduces blood flow in the body's extremities.  Smoking is known to cause cancer, as well as strokes, coronary heart disease, blood clots, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It has also been shown to harm virtually every organ in the body.  Smoking is highly addictive. Many people recognize the harmful effects smoking causes on the body, but are incapable of quitting. Many self-avowed social smokers claim that they are not addicted, and can quit any time they want. However, on a chemical level, even social smokers' brains become sensitized to nicotine. Brain scans have shown an increase in the development and density of dendrites in the parts of the brain associated with addiction. Studies have shown that even beginner smokers experience a drastic reduction in the number of days they can go through without experiencing cravings, which suggests that even casual/social smoking is often the beginning of full-fledged addiction. If you still consider yourself a social/casual smoker without any real risk of addiction, you may already be addicted. Psychologists and medical professionals have compiled a checklist that addresses smoking habits which may be useful in assessing your own smoking habits. Any "yes" answers to any of the following questions suggests to medical professionals that addiction has already started:  Have you ever tried to quit but could not?  Do you find yourself smoking because it is difficult to quit?  Do you now or have you ever felt like you were addicted to tobacco/nicotine?  Do you ever experience strong, irresistible cravings to smoke?  Have you ever felt that you desperately needed a...


Learn the emotions behind giving mixed signals. Realize that it may stem from other issues. Make sure you're not giving mixed signals. Decide whether you want to be with the person or not.

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Some people, including yourself, don't give mixed signals on purpose. Rather, mixed signals are a sign of a deeper problem, usually a conflict between opposing values in relationships.  For instance, some people always want what's on the other side. When not in a relationship, they want the connection of being in a relationship. When in a relationship, they want the independence outside of a relationship. Once they get one, the other value seems much better, so they move towards that instead. Therefore, as they get too close to someone, they instantly start moving away. Some other pairs include control and spontaneity, freedom and responsibility, and novelty and stability. Each time the person gets one, the other becomes automatically more appealing. A person sending mixed signals may have nothing to do with you at all. In fact, it could be the person is insecure or has had problems in past relationships. In that case, they may have a tendency to hold you at arm's length, even when they want to be with you. If you suspect this is the problem, start a dialogue about it. You could say, "I sense that you really like me, but I feel like you want to keep me at arm's length. Is there a reason you have a tendency to do that?" Sometimes, a person will turn cold on you if they feel like you're doing it to them. Make sure you aren't guilty of doing the thing you're accusing the other person of.  Try to think. Do you hold the person at arm's length? Are you warm one day but push the person away the next? Do you cancel dates even when you don't have a good reason to? You may have been focused on the other person and their indecisiveness, but you might not have stopped to consider whether you want to be with that person or not. Check in with yourself to make sure you actually enjoy that person's company to see whether or not the person is worth fighting for.  Do you like spending time with the person? Do you constantly want to spend more time with the person? Are you interested in what the person thinks and feels? Do you...


Learn the essential components of the theremin. Develop the skills essential to building a theremin. Start with the theremin housing. Install the antennae.

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A theremin is basically a box with two antennas, one of which controls the pitch of the instrument, the other of which controls the volume. These antennas create electromagnetic fields which are "played" by manipulating them with the hands. Coils of tight-pack wire act as oscillators, producing signals fed into the antennae. While it may seem like spooky magic, the fields are created by relatively straightforward circuitry. A theremin involves the following components, most of which you should be able to purchase at electronics supply:  Pitch-reference oscillator Pitch-control oscillator Mixer Volume-control oscillator Volume-resonant circuit and voltage-controlled amplifier Audio amplifier 12-volt power supply Building a theremin from scratch isn’t a project for a weekender with a love for spooky sounds. If you want to build one easily and cheaply, buy a kit, follow the instructions and put it together. If you want to wire your own, there’s a lot you need to learn to do first. Even if you want to put together a theremin, it’s likely that you’ll need to understand how to read a basic schematic. To build a theremin, you need to know how to:  Read an electronic schematic Solder electronics Wire a potentiometer Wire a circuit If you want to put a theremin together, kits are available at a variety of different price ranges, some of them relatively easy to put together and some more complex. It's somewhat easier than starting from scratch and getting all the boards and circuits you'll need individually. Unless you're an experienced maker of circuits, it'll be difficult, though not impossible, to make your own theremin without a kit. Find or construct a box big enough to house the theremin's internal circuitry. A professional theremin, the type of which can be played comfortably, should be large enough to stand in front of, your arms held shoulder-width apart, about 24 inches (61 cm) wide for most adults. The top should be hinged so you can install the components and make adjustments when necessary. Kits are...


Learn the facts. Understand why it's necessary to tell. Practice ahead of time. Think how it would make you feel.

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Once you know what STD you have, learn what you can about it. That way, you can be prepared for any questions your girlfriend may have. Plus, you'll need to know that information for yourself anyway. Your doctor may have handouts on the STD, or you can find reliable information on certain websites, such as the Mayo Clinic or the Cleveland Clinic. You can also find reliable information on the website for the Center for Disease Control at http://www.cdc.gov/std/healthcomm/the-facts.htm. First of all, it's the right thing to do. Even if you're using protection, your girlfriend is at risk for catching your STD. Also, it could be illegal in your state to withhold that information. In addition, once you're treated, you could catch the disease again if your partner has it. You are probably going to be nervous when you start the conversation. Take some time to write out the main points you want to say, then practice saying them. Working on what you want to say will help take some of the stress out of the situation. That is, put yourself in her shoes. If she told you she had an STD, how would you feel? Thinking through the emotions can help you be more sensitive when you do have the conversation. For instance, you might feel hurt or angry. You may also feel resentful at your girlfriend for bringing it into the relationship.


Learn the federal regulations for gun ownership in your country. Learn the local regulations in your state. Buy a gun from a licensed retailer if required in your state of residence. Provide the necessary information. Know your rights when it comes to private purchases. Store your gun safely.

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In some places, it's necessary to acquire a license to handle, own, and carry a firearm, while in other places the restrictions are much more lenient. Specific regulations vary widely. In the US, rifles or shotguns may be purchased by anyone over the age of 18, and handguns by anyone over the age of 21, provided they meet the following federal regulations:  The buyer must be a current citizen of the United States or a permanent resident (green card holder). The buyer must not be under indictment for a crime punishable by a year in prison, or to have been previously convicted of a crime with a similar punishment. The buyer must not have a current restraining filed by an intimate partner or child, and the buyer must not have been convicted of domestic violence. The buyer must not be a fugitive, or a user of controlled substances. The buyer must not be committed currently to a mental institution. State and municipal laws are generally more specific and restricted than federal laws, making it essential that you consult the local guidelines to learn about what you do and do not need to do to make a gun purchase legal.  In the US, no federal license is required to own a gun. Likewise, most states do not require licenses for gun ownership, but most states require a license to carry a weapon concealed on your person, or displayed prominently. Learn about the specific laws in place in each state by clicking here.  Few states will require waiting periods, before which you must pay for the firearm fully and submit the necessary paperwork, then wait for a period of a few weeks before being permitted to take your new gun home with you. In some states, regulations are also in place to check up on safety precautions, ensuring that you also purchase gun locks, own safes, and practice gun safety before you're allowed to purchase a gun legally. In the US, gun retailers need to have a Federal Firearm License (FFL) to sell firearms legally. Every seller of firearms should be willing to provide proof of license, if asked.  Much...


Learn the formula. Convert the wavelength into meters, if necessary. Divide the velocity by the wavelength. Write your answer.

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The formula for frequency, when given wavelength and the velocity of the wave, is written as: f = V / λ  In this formula, f represents frequency, V represents the velocity of the wave, and  λ represents the wavelength of the wave. Example: A certain sound wave traveling in the air has a wavelength of 322 nm when the velocity of sound is 320 m/s. What is the frequency of this sound wave? If the wavelength is given in nanometers, you need to convert this value into meters by dividing it by the number of nanometers in a single meter.  Note that when working with extremely small numbers or extremely large numbers, it is generally easier to write the values in scientific notation. The values will be shown in and out of their scientific notation forms for this example, but when writing your answer for homework, other schoolwork, or other formal forums, you should stick with scientific notation. Example:  λ = 322 nm 322 nm x (1 m / 10^9 nm) = 3.22 x 10^-7 m = 0.000000322 m Divide the velocity of the wave, V, by the wavelength converted into meters, λ, in order to find the frequency, f. Example: f = V / λ = 320 /  0.000000322 = 993788819.88 = 9.94 x 10^8 After completing the previous step, you will have completed your calculation for the frequency of the wave. Write your answer in Hertz, Hz, which is the unit for frequency. Example: The frequency of this wave is 9.94 x 10^8 Hz.


Learn the goal of supportive treatment. Reduce your stress levels. Treat any heartburn you experience. Discontinue behaviors that cause Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD). Take PPIs to treat PUD. Turn to surgical remedies if necessary. Get treatment for nausea and vomiting. Eat smaller meals to control gas.

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If you didn’t have the H. Pylori bacteria or after it’s been addressed, the remaining treatment for gastritis is “supportive.” This means that its goal is to relieve symptoms. Gastritis can be caused by severe stress related to major surgery, injury, burns or severe infections. Lowering your stress may help with your gastritis. People have different experiences of heartburn. Some may feel a mild burning while others have pain so severe it feels like a heart attack. Heartburn is the result of stomach acid getting up into the esophagus where it doesn't belong. This is often the result of a loose gastroesophageal sphincter. If you overeat, you can apply too much pressure on this sphincter, forcing your stomach contents up past it. Heartburn can also be caused by simple gravity. When you lie down right after a meal, you encourage stomach fluid to flow up into the esophagus.  The first line of treatment for heartburn is with proton pump inhibitors (PPI). The doctor may prescribe Lansoprazole or Omeprazole. The second line of treatment is with H-2 blockers like Pepcid or Zantac. If you take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain, they may be causing your ulcers. Examples of NSAIDs include aspirin and ibuprofen. Talk to your doctor about finding an alternative treatment to manage your pain. Smoking and drinking alcohol can also put you at greater risk of peptic ulcers.  Avoid herbal products and supplements, as they may worsen your condition.  Ask your doctor if your current medications, like bisphosphonates to treat osteoporosis, may be the culprit. Figure out an alternative course of treatment if so. Peptic Ulcer disease has been on the decline since the advent of PPI therapy. PUD can cause gnawing, burning or boring pain in the upper abdomen. If you have no "alarm symptoms," you'll usually take PPIs to neutralize the acid eroding your stomach lining. Possible prescription options include Nexium, Vimovo, Prevacid, Prilosec, Zegerid, and Aciphex. Most ulcers are found in the stomach and duodenum...


Learn the gods. Get to know the great heroes of Greek mythology. Study the major myths.

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Greek mythology has a dizzying cast of characters. You don’t need to know them all, but learning the major Olympian gods is an important first step in understanding Greek mythology.   Zeus – King of the Gods and of the heavens. Controls the weather.  Hera – Goddess of the family. He has a sister and is Zeus's wife. The Greek gods were an incestuous bunch.  Poseidon – Zeus’s brother and god of the seas.He is the god of earthquakes and father of Pegasus, making him somewhat in charge of horses.  Hades – Zeus’s brother and god of the underworld.  Demeter – Zeus’s sister and goddess of the harvest.  Athena – Daughter of Zeus and the Titan Metis. The goddess of wisdom, war, and crafts. She is a rival to Poseidon.  Apollo – Son of Zeus by the Titan Leto. The god of music, prophecy, and medicine and controls the sun.  Artemis – Twin sister of Apollo. The goddess of the hunt and the moon. Also the founder and leader of the Hunters of Artemis, an all-girls group of young girls who dedicated their lives to the hunt and to Artemis, swore off all romance, and lived immortally unless killed in battle.  Ares – Son of Zeus by Hera. The god of war.  Hephaestus – Son of Zeus by Hera. He is lame. The smith of the gods, he crafted their weapons. Thrown off the top of Olympus by his mother, Hera, for being hideous.  Hermes – Son of Zeus by the minor goddess Maia. He is the messenger of the gods and the god of thieves, trade, and travelers.  Aphrodite – Depending on which myth you read, either the daughter of Zeus and the Titan Dione, or she emerged from sea foam after the Titan Uranus was castrated and his testicles thrown into the sea. She is the goddess of love and beauty.  Dionysus – Son of Zeus and the mortal princess Semele. He is the god of wine and festivity. While the same gods appear in myth after myth, they are rarely the protagonists the leading characters of Greek myths, who are typically human or half-human (quite a few have one divine parent). These heroes are famous for a variety of reasons, from fighting monsters...


Learn the healthiest options for your food intake. Calculate ideal caloric intake. Boost your metabolism. Eat foods that keep you feeling full. Consume great tasting food. Choose energy-boosting foods. Snack on healthy treats. Combine foods to create tasty blends.

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Some foods are considered superfoods because they do much more than just maintain a healthy weight.  Superfoods can improve eyesight, develop your mind, strengthen bones, and ward off diseases.  Try fiber-rich superfoods such as oats, blueberries, and broccoli. Eat superfoods high in protein like black beans and salmon. Using your weight, height, age, and activity level.  You can develop an exercise routine and meal plan based on this and begin to lose weight in an organized and deliberate way. You can do so here: http://www.calculator.net/ideal-weight-calculator.html Metabolism is the process of converting food into energy and your individual metabolic rate is how many calories your body burns during the process.  Metabolism can be attributed to genetics, food intake and physical activity.  By eating certain foods you can accelerate the processes that burn calories.   Naturally burn fat by eating egg whites, lean meat, whole grains, lentils, blueberries, almonds, salmon, spinach, turkey and oatmeal. Water, green tea, coffee and milk are great drink options for boosting your metabolism. Eat spicy foods, especially those containing the ingredient capsaicin to increase your fat burning power. Chili peppers, cayenne peppers, hot mustard, salsa and wasabi are a few good options. It can be difficult to lose weight if you are always hungry.  One way to combat this is to fill up on healthy foods that keep you satiated for long periods of time. Fiber, fat and protein are the foods that keep you fuller long; slowing down the absorption of carbohydrates and keeping energy levels steady.  Foods that satisfy your appetite longer include apples, avocados, beans, chickpeas, pickles, dark chocolate, eggs and nuts. You can reduce the amount of unnecessary calories by eating foods that keep you full longer. Many people dread going on a diet because of limited food options, but delicious, healthy and diet-friendly foods do exist.    Find healthy alternatives to the foods you love like whole grain pasta, low-fat cheese and...


Learn the history of the Haka. Perform the Haka in the appropriate context. Perform the Haka in a respectful way.

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Hakas are a traditional cultural expression of the Maori people to signal impending war, peacetime, and life changes.  Hakas have also been performed by the New Zealand national rugby team since the late 1800s, so its inclusion at rugby matches also has a rich history. The Haka is considered precious and nearly sacred, an integral part of Maori culture. It has been performed by many different kinds of groups around the world, which has brought Hakas into popular culture. Performing a Haka in a commercial way, such as for an advertisement, is probably not appropriate unless you are Maori. There is a legislative bill in New Zealand debating whether the Maori can essentially trademark the Ka Mate Haka, restricting it from commercial use. Don’t make a mockery of the Haka by over-exaggerating movements. Be culturally sensitive to the Haka and its meaning for the Maori culture. If you are not Maori, consider whether the Haka is the best choice for your team or group as a form of expression.


Learn the importance of cage maintenance. Tidy up the cage every day. Disinfect surfaces weekly. Watch for signs of illness.

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Birds can be very messy, but keeping their cages clean is an important part of keeping your bird clean, healthy, and happy. Remove waste and other material such as feathers every day and do a deep cleaning every week or more often if necessary. Make sure your bird’s cage is big enough and comfortable for her by considering the following elements:  It should allow her to easily fly and spread her wings It should provide enough space for her food and water dishes It should have plenty of stimulation from toys and perches. You can promote your bird’s health and happiness by tidying up her cage every day. Not only can this help keep you happy and your air fresh, but may also make deeper cleaning easier.  Tidy up when your bird is playing outside of her cage. Remember to give your bird as much out-of-cage time as possible, which can make maintenance easier.  Change out her food and refill her bottle with fresh water.  Remove any seeds or nuts from the bottom of the cage. You’ll also need to remove any feces or other feathers from the bottom of the cage, too.  Place fresh liners of paper or towels on the bottom of the cage if you use it. Throw away the soiled paper.  Wipe down any surfaces with a vinegar and water mixture or an enzyme spray you purchase at a pet store. Because birds often produce big messes—from feces, food, and feathers—it’s important to deep clean the cage and its surfaces at least once a week.  Clean the cage when your bird is enjoying out-of-cage time. Remove everything from the cage, including toys and food and water dishes. Make a paste from baking soda and water or mix ¼ cup borax with 1 cup baking soda. These mixtures can scrub surfaces including perches and cage bars. Wipe down the cage bottom with a mixture of ½ cup borax, ¼ cup white vinegar, and 2 gallons of hot water. Wash food and water dishes with dish soap in the hottest water you can. Trim any frayed ends or splinters from perches and toys. Clean any areas around the cage such as blinds or carpets. You can wipe these down or vacuum...


Learn the law. Determine your eligibility. Find a physician. Visit the doctor.

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The law regarding medical marijuana varies greatly from one state to the next, with some states making it much more challenging than others to obtain a license. Knowing the law in your state will make the process easier and protect you from possible prosecution.  For example, California law allows licenses to be granted for a wide range of conditions such as cancer, anorexia, AIDS, chronic pain, spasticity, glaucoma, arthritis, migraine, or "any other illness for which marijuana provides relief." This last category is quite broad and has made it very easy to obtain a license in California.  Other states, such as New Jersey, have stricter guidelines, requiring a "debilitating" medical condition and providing a less flexible list of eligible conditions. State laws also vary regarding how much marijuana you can possess, and whether you can cultivate your own plants.  Brief summaries of the law for each state that allows medical marijuana use are available here. Penalties for possession of marijuana outside the bounds of medical limits also vary by state and amount. The penalties for this offense in each state are summarized here. Be aware that whatever the law may be in your state, possessing any amount of marijuana is still a misdemeanor at the federal level. Although federal agents generally do not pursue individual patients, there is still a very slight risk of federal prosecution.  At the federal level, the penalty for a first-offense possession conviction is up to $1000 and a year in prison.  Penalties are even more severe if you give or sell marijuana to others. Even if obtained legally, this is considered drug trafficking. After reviewing the conditions for which medical marijuana is allowed in your state, consider whether or not you are eligible.  If you have been diagnosed with any of the conditions that are listed explicitly in your state's law, you are almost certainly eligible for a license. If you haven't, it may still be possible for you to get a license. For example, if you have any symptoms that...


Learn the law. Fill out your complaint. File your complaint with the court clerk. Arrange to serve the defendant’s agent. Read the defendant’s response.

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You can only sue if you have a recognizable “cause of action.” There are many causes of action, but each has certain elements or facts you must prove in order to win. You should identify your causes of action ahead of time. An easy way to learn about the law is to find pattern jury instructions online. Common causes of action include the following:    Negligence. This means someone injured you because they were careless. You must prove the defendant owed you a duty of reasonable care, that they broke that duty, and that their carelessness caused your injuries. A common example: car accidents.  Breach of contract. You must show that you have a valid contract, that the company broke the terms of the contract, and that you suffered injury.   Employment discrimination. Employment discrimination involves an adverse employment action (such as demotion or termination) taken because of your protected characteristic, such as your race, color, religion, sex, age, national origin, disability, or genetic information.   Fraud. Fraud occurs when the defendant creates a false impression that you relied on, and you suffered injury as a result of that reliance. A common example: you bought a house because the owner said the roof was new when it wasn’t. You start a lawsuit by filing a complaint in which you identify yourself as the “plaintiff” and the company you are suing as the “defendant.” Also explain the factual background to the dispute. You also make a claim for money compensation (called “damages”).  Some courts have fill-in-the-blank forms you can use. Check the court’s website or ask the court clerk. If no form is available, then search for sample complaints online or in a book of legal forms which you can find in a library. Alternately, you should consult with an attorney if you need help. Make copies of your complaint and take the original and copies to the court clerk. Ask to file. Typically, you need to pay a filing fee. Ask for a fee waiver form if you can’t afford it.  You’ll also need to fill out a summons at...


Learn the law. Get consent. Collect employees' personal information. Request employees' records.

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The Driver's Privacy Protection Act of 1994 outlines the rights of both employers and employees with respect to accessing driving records. Among other aspects, this law forbids any state's Department of Licensing from providing personal identifying information about any driver without their consent. State statutes may govern these practices where you operate your business. It's a good idea to find out before requesting any records. This information should be available from the website of your state's government. Getting consent will shield you from potential legal liability if an employee ever tries to sue you for violating their privacy.Documentation may be required to actually obtain the records, and written consent is a stronger legal safeguard than oral consent.  An easy way to do this is to simply specify on the application that allowing you to check potential employees' driving records is a condition of employment. You can also use a driving record release form. The form should include information like the following: “I understand that driving a company vehicle (or my own vehicle) is required for this position. Furthermore, I acknowledge that having and maintaining a satisfactory driving record is a condition of employment and will remain one. Therefore, I agree to allow [insert company name] to check my driving record, both before making a hiring decision and periodically thereafter. I understand the company will use this information for employment purposes and will not furnish the information to third parties without my prior written consent. Furthermore, I agree to release [insert company name] and its employees and agents from any liability for damage which may result from furnishing the requested information.” Then include a signature block for the employee to print name and date of birth, driver’s license number, and signature and date. Just as is the case for viewing your own driving records, you'll need to know your employees' full name, driver’s license number, and possibly a variety of other...


Learn the laws in your state. Choose an open system or closed system keg. Choose the size and number of kegs. Choose new or used kegs. Lease a keg.

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There are strict laws governing the sale of alcohol in the U.S., and some states regulate the sale and storage of beer in kegs. There are some restrictions on keg size and type, so be informed about what your state allows. Check with your state’s liquor control board to find out specifics regarding liquor regulations in your area. Kegs can be filled through valves that are either located on the side (open system), which can be easily accessed and filled, or through a closed system valve that requires automated equipment for filling. Closed system kegs are typically more expensive, but they are usually preferred by distributors and breweries that might carry your beer. Keg sizes are varied, and the most common sizes are sixth barrel, quarter barrel and half barrel. Consider who you are selling your beer to, and how frequently, when deciding on keg size and number. Will the brewery or distributor ask for smaller sized kegs to start? Or, on the other hand, should you start with larger kegs so that your customers don’t have to change their kegs so often? Knowing your market will go a long way to knowing what size and number of kegs to buy. You can find new and used kegs, and used kegs are certainly a cheaper option. New kegs look better and can be imprinted with your company’s logo, while used kegs may have the former owner’s logo on them. New kegs are usually more easily sanitized, while older kegs can potentially have build-up (called beerstone). If you are buying a used keg, make sure to consider the following:  Make sure the keg does not leak. Make sure the keg is sanitized and able to be cleaned. Make sure the keg is not dented (verify that the keg will hold the correct amount of beer and any dents do not subtract from the correct amount). You don’t have to buy a keg for your business. There are leasing companies that charge a monthly fee per keg. Many of these companies have multi-year contracts (such as 5-year contracts). A typical rate is $1.70 per keg per month


Learn the letters and sounds of the alphabet. Identify the sounds as you slowly say a word you want to spell. Split up each letter sound in the word to help you hear them. Spell out each sound.

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This will allow you to recognize them when you hear them within words. Use flashcards or ask a tutor to help you connect letters to their sounds. Practice making those connections in your mind. This will help you recognize the appropriate letters when you sound out words.   Ask a family member or friend to help you learn the letter sounds. As an alternative you can watch videos online that show you how to say each letter. Here’s one to get you started: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyKdUpJQBTY It helps to say the word more than once.  Stretch out the word to help you identify each sound in it. If you say the word too quickly, you may miss a letter sound.   If the word has more than one syllable, separate them mentally or in writing. Pronounce each syllable individually. For example, the word "probably" is very easy to misspell if you pronounce it  "probly." Saying it slowly -- "prob-ab-ly" -- can help you hear the sounds in each syllable. It's helpful to draw an underline on your paper for each sound that you hear. Don't worry about what the word is supposed to look like. Just focus on the sounds you hear when you say the word. Then think about which letter or letters might make each sound.  It helps to count out the number of sounds in the word. For example, let's say you want to spell the word "tiger." You might hear four sounds: t-i-g-er. Write out the letter sounds you hear for each sound in the word. Then put the sounds together to form the word. Check your work by sounding out the word again while you look at your spelling, letter by letter.  For a harder word you may need to refer to the spelling rules instead of just sounding the word out.


Learn the lingo.

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Before any thing else, if you plan on getting up close and personal with espresso machines, makers or espresso beverages as a lifelong hobby, you'll need to know the terms that go with them. There are many terms associated with coffee making and drinking but here are a few that every espresso aficionado should be aware of:  BAR: This is the pressure rating that you'll find on most espresso machines. Barista: This is the person responsible for operating the espresso/coffee machine. It's Italian in origin. Breve: When someone asks for a breve, it's simply using steamed half and half or skimmed milk rather than regular milk. Coffee Pack: This refers to the tamped volume of coffee grinds in a filter basket before the shot of espresso is brewed. Demitasse: This is the cup that holds a traditional shot of espresso, namely a 3-ounce (or smaller) cup. Although these can be made from any range of food grade materials, the porcelain type is the most preferred. They need to be thick to retain heat. Dosage: The dosage means the amount of ground coffee that makes up a shot of espresso. It is usually measured as 7 grams per 1.5 ounce single espresso shots. Double: This is one option for ordering an espresso or the pour of the espresso. This is usually between 2.5 and 3 ounces of espresso total volume. Espresso: Another Italian word for the drink made using a pump or lever espresso machine, from 7 grams (+/- 2 grams) of finely ground coffee, producing 1-1.5 ounces (30-45ml) of extracted beverage under 9 bar (135psi) of brewing pressure at brewing temperatures of between 194ºF and 204ºF/90ºC-96ºC, over a period of 25 seconds (+/- 5 seconds and no less than 20 seconds) of brew time. The definitions may be hotly contested by many baristas, for espresso is a subjective pleasure. The age, quality, and origin of the coffee bean, the amount of grounds packed into the basket, the pressure with which the barista tamps, the water temperature, and many other factors all impact the end product. Filter basket: This is the metal, flat...


Learn the lingo. Decide between a direct-drive and belt-driven record player. Decide what kind of features you want. Only consider turntables with replaceable parts.

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Before you start shopping around, it's important to be able to understand the basic components of a turntable. Make sure that you fully understand the features and can compare the advantages and disadvantages of different brands, models, and styles of turntable. A basic turntable or record player consists of:  A record platter or plate, which is a record-sized circle on which the vinyl record will sit. The platter rotates to spin the record, and is often covered with an anti-static felt or rubber pad on which the record will sit. The stylus of the record player is also sometimes referred to as the "needle," and is the component of the record player that contacts the record itself. The stylus is usually housed in a cartridge, which contains the small wiring and coupling mechanism that connects the stylus to the tone arm. A tone arm can be operated manually or automatically, rotating the stylus onto the record. Good record players will have tone arms that will lift off automatically and return to place when the end of the side is finished playing. The base of the record player contains the internal circuitry and houses the various components. Ideally, turntable bases are secured on anti-shock feet to keep the record from skipping during play. Turntables can be divided into two basic categories, in terms of the way that they're operated. For the beginner, the difference may be minuscule, but it's important to understand the different machine-styles, depending on the way you intend to use your turntable.  Direct-drive turntables offer consistent machine-operated speeds that will never need adjusted, and allow dual-directional rotation. If you have any interest in analog DJ “scratching,” you need to buy a direct-drive turntable, or you’re going to be disappointed. Belt-driven turntables isolate the motor to one side of the machine, rotating the platter with an elastic belt. While the belt has a tendency to wear out over time in old turntables, the distance of the motor from the tone arm cuts down on incidental...