Understand the five stages of grief. Acknowledge your grief. Share your grief with others. Seek professional help if you need it.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

These stages could more accurately be described as cycles. You may skip stages, never experience other stages, and you can find yourself stuck in stages. But you may experience some or all stages in waves repeatedly. These stages are:  Denial and isolation: This stage involves denying the reality of the situation. It is a natural response to overwhelming pain caused by grief. Anger: This stage emerges once the denied pain starts to surface. Anger can be aimed at inanimate objects, strangers, family or friends. You may feel angry at the person who died or left, and then you may feel guilty for feeling angry. Bargaining: In this stage, you may feel like you need to regain control from feeling helpless. You might worry about how you should have been a better person, or you should have gotten help sooner, and so on. Depression: This stage brings sadness and regret that comes with the realization that the loved one is truly gone. You may feel overwhelming sadness, crying, and so on. Acceptance: This stage may be characterized by reaching a state of calm and withdrawal. Some people may never reach this stage of grief. The relationship has, in fact, died. Therefore, it is okay to feel as though someone precious has died. You are entitled to feel your loss. Ride the waves of grief without getting pulled under or lost in them. Don’t fight them. Recognize them for what they are: waves of emotion that will take you through some strange currents for a season all the while giving your heart space to heal. Grief is part of healing. Even if no one else in your life knows what you are experiencing, you can still acknowledge your own pain to yourself. When you feel down, take a moment and say, “I’m sad, and it’s okay. It gets better.” While those around you may not understand the depth of what you are feeling, don’t be afraid to share your grief with a couple of people you know you can trust. If you are concerned that you may be grieving unhealthily or that you are depressed, you may want to seek professional help. A...


Understand the format for online articles with multiple authors. Find the article which you want to cite. Determine the article's full name. Find the article's last edit date. Note the current date. Obtain the article's specific URL. Create the citation. Reference your citation in your paper.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Since Wikipedia articles often have hundreds of contributors, you don't need to lead with an author name. You'll need the following information:  Name of the article Name of the publication (in this case, Wikipedia) Name of the publication's company Date on which the article was last edited in DD Month YYYY format (e.g., "10 Jul. 2017") Publication format (in this case, Web) Date on which the article was retrieved in DD Month YYYY format The article's web address (do not include the "https://" part of the address) Go to https://www.wikipedia.org/ in your computer's web browser, type a topic into the text box near the bottom of the page, click the "Search" icon, and click the title of the article you want to cite. The article will open. At the top of the article, you should see a large, bold heading referring to the article's topic. This is what you'll need to use for the article's name in your citation. Scroll all the way to the bottom of the Wikipedia article's page, then look for the date next to the "This page was last edited on" heading near the bottom-left side of the page. This is the date that you'll need to include in your citation's "Publication Date" section. When writing your date as a citation, you'll need to abbreviate the current month's name to three letters and a period (excluding May). This is the date you'll provide for the "Retrieval Date" section of the citation. While the article itself has a general address, you'll need to cite the specific version of the article that you used in case the article gets updated later. You can get the specific URL by doing the following:  Click View history at the top of the article. Below the Compare selected revisions button, click the most recent date. Click the website's address in the bar at the top of your browser to highlight it. Press Ctrl+C (Windows) or ⌘ Command+C (Mac) to copy the URL. The citation will be written in the following format, punctuation included; bold text refers to information you'll need to provide: "Article Title." Wikipedia: The...


Understand the formula you will need to calculate calories. Gather the data you need to calculate. Calculate the calories contained in the food.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

The formula used to determine the caloric value of a sample of food using a homemade calorimeter is relatively simple: calories = volume of water (in mL) x the temperature change (in Celsius) of the water. If you filled the small can with exactly 100 mL of distilled water, then you already know the volume of water (100 mL). If you recorded the initial temperature of the water, and its temperature after the food was burned, you can determine the temperature change by subtracting the smaller value from the larger. For instance, if the water in the can was initially 35 degrees Celsius, then 39 degrees Celsius after the food was burned, then you have a temperature change of 4 degrees (39-35 = 4). Using the formula and the data you collected, determine how many calories were in the food you analyzed.  For instance, if you had a temperature change of 4 degrees, then the food contained 400 calories (400 = 100 mL x 4, using the formula calories = volume of water x the temperature change of the water) To determine Kcal of the food, multiply the temperature change of the water by the volume of water in liters. Using the example above, the sample would contain 0.4 Kcal (0.4 Kcal = 0.100 L water x 4)


Understand the function of the acorn. Look for acorns on branches or around the base of the tree. Measure the length and diameter of the nut. Note the characteristics of the acorns.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

The acorn contains the "seeds" of the oak tree, and an acorn buried in the right location may eventually sprout into a towering oak in its own right.  The acorn develops within a cup-like structure called a cupule. The cupule delivers the nutrients that flow from the roots and leaves all through the tree, along the branches, and through the stem into the acorn. When the acorn rests with its point facing down, the cupule should look like a sort of cap atop the nut. The cap is not a part of the acorn, technically, so much as a protective covering. Each acorn typically contains one oak seed, although the occasional nut contains two or three. An acorn takes 6 to 18 months to mature into a sprouting oak seedling; acorns sprout best in a moist (but not too moist) environment, and their growth is naturally activated by the cold-snap temperatures of a Northern Hemisphere winter.  Acorns have evolved to be deliciously appealing to deer, squirrels, and other woodland creatures. When animals eat the acorns that litter the forest floor, they take tiny oak seeds on board. When they excrete the digested acorn seeds--or, in the case of squirrels, compulsively hide acorns and then forget about them in the springtime--they spread the oak's seeds throughout their ecosystem. Most seeds do not survive to become full-fledged oak trees, but the ones that do survive eventually begin to produce acorns of their own. When an acorn falls to the ground, it has roughly a 1 in 10,000 chance of becoming a full-fledged oak tree--so you can imagine why it behooves the oak to produce so many! Acorns may vary in size and color, but most are characterized by a bumpy "cap" and a smooth, pointed bottom. The following measurements may help you gather information about a tree:  Observe the stem on which the acorn grows. Notice the length of the stem and how many acorns grow from it. Note the appearance of the cupule. The nut of the acorn grows from a woody cup, which may remind you of a head wearing a hat. Cupules may be scaly and include wart-like...


Understand the fundamentals of Karate for younger or beginning fighters Use mixed martial arts to learn multiple fighting styles at once. Use Judo to learn takedowns, grabs, and holds Learn jiu-jitsu to practice effective grappling techniques Train in Muay Thai to learn effective striking and conditioning. Employ Krav Maga for self-defense and street fighting. Use Ninjutsu for self-defense and training. Train for boxing to build up footwork and solid punching and blocking Learn Kung Fu for speed, agility, and power Train in Taekwondo for overall mind/body conditioning.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

. There are many forms of karate, but they all focus on the basics of blocks, punches, and kicks, combining them into fluid form and application. Karate is a solid introduction to martial arts for inexperienced adults and young children, as well as experienced self-defense practitioners. Many fighters consider mixed martial arts a fluid, ideal discipline to start with. As its name suggests, MMA is a combination of different styles and disciplines. Variations of judo, jiu-jitsu, and Muay Thai are fighting styles often employed in MMA, but you don’t have to stick to just one of these styles. A combination can be effective, and your opponent’s mode of attack might dictate your own method of defense. MMA is one of America's fastest growing sports, and can be found at local gyms and clubs in most cities and towns. . If you're heavy and stocky, study judo, a widespread style, and Olympic sport. Judo is known for its throws and takedowns of opponents. Judo technique can be very effective at neutralizing an opponent and gaining the upper hand. Throws and other forms of close-quarters combat are crucial in many fighting situations, especially self-defense. . This is a great option for stockier or smaller fighters, but all can benefit. Jiu-jitsu is very popular in MMA today and is often employed in a ground or defensive fighting. Some form of grappling or wrestling should be incorporated into any self-defense regimen, and jiu-jitsu can provide the fundamental framework. Muay Thai looks similar to kickboxing and, at times, jiu-jitsu, but it is different from both. Muay Thai primarily focuses on strikes from fists, elbows, knees, and feet, and it involves a type of grappling known as the clinch that is meant to set up these strikes. Krav Maga, Hebrew for “contact combat,” is currently very popular, particularly in military and self-defense training. The primary purpose of Krav Maga is to defend oneself and end a confrontation quickly and definitively. Its focus is on swift counterattacks, and it accounts heavily for...


Understand the general requirements for Form I-140. Sign the certified ETA 9089. Prove the employer’s financial ability to pay the proffered salary. Have the employer issue an offer of employment letter. File Form I-140 with USCIS.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

After the labor certification is approved, the employer must file Form I-140 with the US Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS).  This application will prove to immigration that the labor certification has been approved by DOL, that the employee has a definite offer of employment at the sponsoring employer, and that the employer has the financial ability to pay the proffered salary. The employer must sign the original ETA 9089 that is certified by the DOL and include it with the I-140 application packet. The employer may establish its ability to pay the proffered salary with one of the following:  Annual report Federal tax return Audited financial statements  Note: Employers with over 100 employees may choose to submit a financial statement to prove the ability to pay, but should provide one of the three documents listed above, if possible. Criteria for ability to pay can also be satisfied by one of the following:  Net income — if net income is greater than the proffered wage Net current assets — if employer net current assets are greater than the proffered wage Employment of the foreign national — if the employer is already paying the foreign national the proffered salary The letter must be printed on the employer’s official letterhead and signed by someone qualified to make hiring decisions for the company.  The letter should state that the employer intends to hire the foreign national once he or she receives a green card, and should include the job position, salary, and job duties drafted earlier. You may be able to file Form I-140 online. Include a check for the filing fee of $580 as well as any supporting documents.


Understand the grids of an EKG paper printout. Find the QRS complex and label it on the handout. Assess your P-waves.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Voltage—the electrical signals of the heart—is measured along the vertical axis; time is measured along the horizontal axis in squares. There are large squares that are divided into smaller squares.  Small squares are 1 mm across and represent 0.04 seconds. The large squares measure 5 mm across and represent 0.2 seconds. 10 mm in height is equal to 1mV in voltage. Interpreting these values will help you determine if the heartbeat is irregular, or too fast or too slow. The Q wave is the downward or negative dip right before the large spike. The R wave is right after that, and is usually the largest spike on the readout. Following that is the S wave, which is the dip down below the baseline again. Label all of these parts on the printout.  Look at the peaks on the printout. You will need to look at the whole strip to check for an irregular heartbeat. This is a pattern called normal sinus rhythm, and it's the basic EKG of a healthy heart. Many people's EKG may vary slightly from this baseline, though, while still being completely healthy. Find the P-waves on your EKG. P-waves are the smaller spikes right before the larger spike (the R wave). They should be at the approximately same duration, direction, and shape through the entire EKG.  If they are not present, see if there any movement to the line at all, like a flutter, sawtooth lines, or a flat line. P-might just be a small rise, or bump, on the graph. They will not be as sharp or as high as the QRS complex.


Understand the guidelines. Present your summary. Emphasize key points. Provide a conclusion. Include your resources.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

A data commentary is similar to other types of commentaries in that it requires you to analyze an existing set of information. But instead of commenting on a book or film, you are writing about a set of data. A data commentary may occasionally be a stand-alone piece of writing, but it is typically found in the end of a report, generally called the Results or Discussion. You might also be asked by your boss or teacher to write a data commentary. Make sure to ask about their expectations, such as length. One of the key components of a data commentary is synopsis of the research. You need to concisely write about the results of the study and why it is important. Make sure to analyze and summarize the data. For example, if the research is about the graduation rate in the Chicago Public Schools, you need to explain the numbers and illustrate why the results are important. In a data commentary, you will likely want to use charts or graphs to help illustrate the results. You might include a table that shows how much American households pay for insurance. You will then want to comment on and analyze those visuals. You might say something like, “As shown in Figure 1.2, the costs of healthcare have risen at a steady rate since 2000.” In your conclusion, make sure to do more than just repeat what you’ve already said. Using different wording, you can reemphasize the significance of the results. You can also recommend further avenues for research. As in the rest of your data commentary, your conclusion should refer to specific pieces of data. A commentary requires you to include not only facts and figures, but also where you found this information. You need to cite your resources according to accepted citation formats.  You should include a specific section for resources at the end of your data commentary. Any time you cite numbers or a quote, make sure to provide a reference.


Understand the habits of bass during each season. Optimize your terrain. Choose your location based on the time of day.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Spring and summer provide ideal fishing conditions as bass will feed closer to shore early in the morning and move out into open water around creek channels and structures later in the day.  Divide spring into 4 segments to optimize the spawning behavior. Pre-spawn, spawn, post-spawn, and late spring require different approaches.  Pre-spawn has you fishing at around 8–15 feet (2.4–4.6 m) in depth, spawn moves you up to a shallower depth towards their spawning beds, post-spawn moves you back down to 8–15 feet (2.4–4.6 m), and late spring is the optimum time to fish around structures and the shore. During winter and lower temperatures, bass will not expend much effort and will only bite when your lure is immediately within their strike zone. Bass are erratic during fall but will feed closer to shore as the temperature drops. Bass like to stay close to certain areas or hide within debris depending on the weather, time of day and which phase of their spawning cycle they are in. Vegetation, rocky bottoms, shallow flats, fallen trees, structures, bushes and grass are all great places to set your cast. Bigger bass often hang out underneath docks. Bass like to feed closer to shore in the morning and move out into open water later in the day. Fish off structures in late afternoon as bass will look for shade and deeper water.


Understand the history of the language. Learn the key sources of knowledge for the Rastafari movement. Learn the importance of “I-tal”. Understand the role of cannabis in Rastafarian culture. Become familiar with the idea of “everliving life”.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

The Rastafarian language grew out of the Rastafarian movement, a religious and social movement based in Jamaica. Though largely unorganized, the Rastafarians are united on several strong beliefs:  The belief in the beauty of black people’s African heritage. The belief that Ras Tafari Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, is the Biblical Messiah. He is also referred to as the Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah. This is why the lion is seen as a powerful symbol by Rastafarians. The belief in repatriation to Ethiopia, also referred to by Rastas as “Zion”, the true home and redemption of black people. The belief in the eventual fall of “Babylon”, the corrupt world of the white man, and a reversal of the power structure of slave and master. The Bible is the main holy text for Rastafarians. This is why Bob Marley’s lyrics, for example, are full of Biblical references to Exodus and the Holy Land.  Rastas take Biblical study very seriously and will cite and discuss scriptural passages. They believe the scriptures tell the true story of the black man’s history. They also feel Christian ministers have misled people by providing incorrect interpretations of the Bible, especially the use of the Bible to justify slavery. Rastas also refer to other official documents like The Promised Key and The Living Testament of Rasta-for-I. But most scholars agree no central doctrine of Rastafarian exists, as Rastas are against following organized systems or schools of thought. Instead, Rastas believe a person should engage in reflection and interpretation of their experience and form their own personal convictions about the Rasta beliefs. Rastas use the word “I-tal” to refer to food that is in its natural state. "I-tal" food has not touched modern chemicals and contains no preservatives, condiments, or salt.  Most Rastas follow the “I-tal” practice and some are vegetarians. Meat-eating Rastas usually abstain from eating pork, as pigs are seen as scavengers of the dead. Alcohol, coffee, milk, and flavored beverages like soda are...


Understand the implications of the time value of money. Decide between payments using present value. Calculate the net present value of an investment.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

These calculations make it clear that time is literally money. The value of the money you have now is higher than the same amount of money in the future. This is why you should know how to calculate the time value of money. It allows you to determine which investments are better, based upon not just how much money they return to you, but when they return it. Present value can be used to determine whether a present payment of a certain value will end up being worth more or less than a future payment of a different value. For example, imagine that you have won the lottery and are offered either $1 million now or $2.5 million in ten years. Your money manager advises you that you can safely earn ten percent interest per year if you invest the money. Which payment should you take?  The present value of the $1 million is, obviously, $1 million. This is only two-fifths of the monetary value of the later payment, though. However, the $2.5 million payment is being made in ten years, during which time your $1 million could be earning ten percent interest (assuming you didn't spend it). If you apply the present value equation, you find that the present value of the $2.5 million is only about $964,000. So, you would want to take the $1 million now and invest it. It will be worth almost $2.6 million in ten years. Present value calculations can also be used to analyze the profitability of business projects by using the concept "net present value." Net present value refers to the present value of projected sales revenues or interest earnings from a project or investment minus the present value of money invested in the investment or project. In this way, it is used to see whether or not the project will be profitable. Alternately, it can be used to determine susceptibility to interest rate fluctuations.


Understand the importance of a first impression. Practice interviewing and be prepared to answer questions about yourself. Arrive early so you have time to unwind and gather your thoughts. Try to relax. Be confident and take your time answering questions.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Within the first 5 minutes of your interview, the interviewer will form an impression of you. This first impression tends to stick and can be extremely difficult to change, especially in the very short time you have with the interviewer.  For example, if you come to an interview for a sales representative position but act all shy and timid, the interviewer will have the first impression that you are not as outgoing as you say you are. At that point, no matter how much you give examples or try to explain your ability to do the job, the interviewer will still see you as shy and timid. Therefore, you want to try your best to be yourself and show off your good qualities that will help you fit in with the company and present yourself as the best person for the job. If you practice interviewing and prepare answers to questions the interviewer might ask, you will feel more relaxed during the real thing. This is due to the fact that you will be able to easily answer questions without too much thought. Just being able to sit down for a few moments prior to your interview will allow your mind to relax and put yourself into “interview mode”. Being able to relax during an interview is the most important step towards being yourself. Being relaxed during an interview means not letting your nerves get the best of you, which can prevent you from portraying yourself in the best way possible.  Skilled interviewers will try to relax candidates by starting off with a little “chit chat” before getting into the main part of the interview. This is great for both of you because it allows you to gain rapport and speak more freely in the main part of the interview. However, building rapport prior to the start of the interview and feeling comfortable with the interviewer is not guaranteed. Be confident and think positively. If you start thinking negatively, you will become more nervous. You have gotten this far, so now it is your chance to show them you are the right person for the job. Remember to breathe and take your time with...


Understand the importance of asserting yourself. Acknowledge your rights. Identify situations where you need to be more assertive. Practice asserting yourself. Assert yourself in real life.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Standing up for yourself or simply speaking up when you have something to add to a conversation shows that you are confident. If you lack confidence, you might find it hard to be assertive. By building up your assertiveness, you will also feel more confident and others will be more likely to perceive you as a confident person. Part of being assertive is believing that you have a voice that deserves to be heard. Think about the reasons why people should hear, believe, and respect what you have to say. Try keeping a diary to record your thoughts and feelings about failing to assert yourself. Consider the ways that not asserting yourself might be holding you back in your social, academic, and professional life. If you have a hard time asserting yourself, there may be situations that make asserting yourself even harder. Think about what those situations are and why they make it so hard to speak up or stand up for yourself. Write about the situation and what you would like to change in the future.  Describe the situation and people involved. Where and with whom do you have trouble asserting yourself? Describe how it makes you feel. How does it make you feel when you cannot or do not assert yourself? Describe what you would like to change. What would you like to change about the way that you react in these situations? Before you begin asserting yourself in situations that are challenging for you, take some time to practice asserting yourself. You can practice by yourself or with a supportive friend. Start by role-playing some simple situations where you must assert yourself and then move on to more difficult situations. One way that you can assert yourself is to repeat a statement over and over again in a calm, even tone.  For example, imagine you have a friend who keep demanding that you to go to a party with her on a weeknight and you do not want to go because you are tired and not feeling well. You could simply say to her, “I do not want to go to the party. I want to stay home and rest.” Remember to speak in a...


Understand the importance of feeding your dog a high quality dog food. Make sure that meat is the main ingredient in your dog’s food. Adjust your dog’s food slowly. Mix wet food with human food.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Dog food is formulated to meet all the nutritional needs of dogs. Dogs have different requirements than humans for fat and protein and particularly for minerals and vitamins. They cannot thrive for long on human food.  Dry dog food helps to remove some of the bacteria and plaque that collects daily on your dog's teeth. Nutrients in dog food, like calcium, help to build strong teeth and bones. The most desirable ingredient in dry dog food is meat. Examine the ingredient labels on a few brands of dry dog food. If meat (not meat by-product) is the first ingredient (or the first two or three) there is a good chance that it will be a better tasting dry food. Steer clear of any dog food that lists corn as a top ingredient. If you are trying to switch your dog from one brand of food to another, begin by mixing a small amount of the new food in with the old food.  Over the a course of one to two weeks feed more and more of the new food and less and less of the old food until it is only eating the new food. If your dog is hooked on human foods, then you can start the conversion to dry food by giving your dog wet food that is the same brand as the dry food that you want him to eat. Mix some of the wet food in with the human food that your dog likes to eat. Then, reduce the amount of human food and increase the wet food over the course of a week or two until you aren’t feeding any human food. After your dog is eating the wet food, then start mixing in dry kibble with the wet food over a two week period gradually feeding less and less wet food until the dog is only eating dry food.


Understand the importance of karma and good deeds. Know the karmic consequences of bad deeds. Learn about the concept of dharma.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Karma, or kamma, means action, and a large part of Buddhist philosophy is the importance placed on the consequences of your actions. The idea is that good actions are motivated by generosity and compassion. These actions bring about well-being in yourself and others, and they create happy results as a consequence.  To incorporate more good actions into your life, you can help people who need a hand, volunteer your time and skills to people who need you, teach others things you have learned, and be kind to people and animals. Buddhists believe that life is a cycle of life, death, reincarnation, and rebirth. Your actions have consequences in this life, but they can also impact other lives as well. Unlike good actions, unwholesome actions are motivated by greed and hatred, and they bring about painful results. Particularly, bad deeds will prevent you from breaking the cycle of life, death, and rebirth, meaning your suffering will continue if you inflict suffering on others. Unwholesome actions include things like being selfish, greedy, and refusing to help other people. Dharma is another very important notion in Buddhist teachings, because it describes the true reality of your life and the world. However, dharma is not static and unchanging, and you can change reality by changing your perception, by making different choices, and by choosing right actions.  The term dharma also describes the path and teachings of Buddhism in general, so it can be thought of as the way you live your life.  To practice dharma in your everyday life, try being thankful for the things you have, grateful for your life, and by enjoying life. You can show thanks through prayer, by making offerings, and by working toward enlightenment.


Understand the importance of using a mask. Get the right mask. Make your own mask. Apply the mask.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

A mask further cleanses the pores and removes impurities from the skin. You can also use hydrating masks that add moisturizing properties to your skin. If you have oily or acne-prone skin, you should get a mask with clay or sulfur to draw out impurities, such as Kiehl's Rare Earth Deep Pore Cleansing Mask. If you have dry skin, use a hydrating mask, such as Nügg Hydrating Face Mask. If you don't want to purchase a mask, you can also make your own. Combine 1/2 teaspoon avocado, 1/2 teaspoon honey, 1/2 teaspoon yogurt, 1/8 teaspoon Brewer's Yeast, and 1/2 teaspoon cranberry, apple juice or kombucha in a food processor. Pulse until creamy and mixed together. Here are also some options for different skin types:  For normal or dry skin: Mix together 1/3 cup cocoa powder, 1/2 cup honey, 3 tbsp cream, and 3 tbsp oats. For normal to oily skin: Mix together 1/2 cup pureed raspberries, 1/2 oats, and 1/4 cup honey. Rub the mask into your skin, avoiding the eyes and mouth area. Let the mask sit for 10-15 minutes to let it set. Don't, however, let it get to the crumbly, mummified stage. Remove the mask with warm water and a soft washcloth.  If you feel any burning or warming sensations while the mask is setting, remove it. Your skin may be getting irritated. When removing the mask, don't abrasively scrub it off, but instead let the warm water do its work to flush the mask out and off of your skin.


Understand the infinitive form of lavar. Use lavar in the present tense. Say lavar in the past tense. Understand how to conjugate lavar in the future tense. Learn the reflexive verb lavarse.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

The verb lavar can be more directly translated to the English verb "to wash," but it is frequently used in many contexts where the verb "to clean" would be interchangeable in English.  Lavar is a regular -ar verb, conjugated by removing the -ar ending from the verb stem and replacing it with the appropriate ending depending on the subject of the sentence and the verb tense you want to use. The literal English translation of the Spanish verb lavar in present tense is used to mean both "wash" and "am/is/are washing." There is no helper verb to distinguish progressive action, but your reader or listener will understand your meaning from the context of your sentence.  To say "I wash the car," you would say "lavo el auto." (In Spain, use the word "coche" for "car.") To say "you wash the car," you would say "lavas el auto" (familiar) or "lava el auto" (formal). You also would say "lava el auto" to say "he or she washed the car." To say "we wash the car," you would say "lavamos el auto." To say "they wash the car" or "you all wash the car," you would say "lavan el auto." Using the past tense of lavar means you washed something. For the past tense to be correct, the action must have started and ended completely at some point in the past.  To say "I washed the car," you would say "lavé el auto." To say "you wash the car," you would say "lavaste el auto" (familiar) or "lavó el auto" (formal). "Lavó el auto" is also used to say "he or she washed the car." Your reader or listener will understand which you mean by the context and the rest of your sentence. To say "we washed the car," you would say "lavamos el auto." To say "they washed the car" or "you all washed the car," you would say "lavaron el auto." Similarly to English, the future tense conjugation of the verb lavar in Spanish means "will wash." Unlike English, the Spanish language doesn't use a helper verb with the future tense.  To say "I will wash the car," you would say "lavaré el auto." To say "you will wash the car" you would say "lavarás el auto" (familiar)...


Understand the job description. Learn about different types of cartography. Consider related fields.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

All cartographers must be able to visualize data using both analysis and artistic imagination. They use a close attention to detail and accuracy in order to translate the data into a map, and have a reputation for perfectionism. Computer programming skills and mathematical ability are increasingly valued in the cartography job market, but you do not necessarily need advanced experience in these subjects. Most cartographers have office jobs, and spend 35–40 hours a week working mostly on the computer and drafting table. Cartography is a wide field that combines elements of geography, engineering, programming, and design. While there are many specialized jobs out there, you can divide these roughly by how much mathematical and programming approach they use:   Cartographers who focus on creating traditional maps use technical drafting skills and geographical knowledge, but often computer programming as well. A minority of them perform aerial surveys or ground surveys.  Photogrammetrists use data from aerial surveys, LIDAR remote sensing, and other sources in map making. This typically involves heavy use of mathematical analysis and computer graphics programming.  GIS specialists use Geographic Information Systems technology to build maps connected to non-visual digital databases. This increasingly popular specialization relies heavily on an education in both geography and programming. While not technically cartographers, there are people in closely related fields who share many of the same skills and interests. Here are a few of the most closely related options:   Surveying technicians or cartographic technicians map physical locations from the ground. While they are paid less than cartographers, they get to travel and spend much more time outside.  Map librarians maintain permanent collections of current maps and atlases, while map archivists oversee collections of historical and unpublished map materials. They are not as reliant on programming skills or artistic ability, instead focusing on archival work,...


Understand the limitations of screen recordings. Open a protected video. Turn up your Mac's volume. Open Spotlight . Type quicktime into Spotlight. Click QuickTime. Click File. Click New Screen Recording. Click ∨. Click Built-In Microphone. Click the "Record" button. Select the video. Click the "Play" button. Stop recording when the video concludes.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Screen recording is a solution to wanting to download a protected video (e.g., something on Netflix) for your own use, but it results in choppy video and distant audio. You'll also need a subscription to the service in question to be able to access these videos. Go to a site like Netflix or Hulu and sign in with your account credentials, then select the video that you want to record. You'll need the volume to be turned up in order to hear the video's audio during playback later. Click the magnifying glass-shaped icon in the top-right corner of the screen. This will search your Mac for the QuickTime app. It should be the top search result in the Spotlight search. Doing so will open QuickTime. It's a menu item in the top-left corner of the screen. A drop-down menu will appear. It's near the top of the File drop-down menu. This option is to the right of the "Record" button. Clicking it prompts a drop-down menu. Doing so will select your Mac's internal microphone as the audio input. It's the red and silver circular button at the bottom of the Screen Recording bar. Doing so brings up a screen selection box. Click and drag your mouse from the top-left corner of the video window to the bottom-right corner of the window. Your video will begin playing. Click File, then click Stop Recording in the drop-down menu. Your recording will be saved.


Understand the limitations. Capture semen in the Instead Cup. Coat the Cup with semen. Insert the Cup. Leave the Cup in. Remove the Cup. Examine the contents after removal. Wait to test for pregnancy.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Instead Cups are intended for use as menstrual cups, worn to collect menstrual fluid. Because their primary design is not for aiding pregnancy, this method is not as reliable as more studied and traditional methods for achieving pregnancy. Do not "scoop up" semen in the Instead Cup.  Rather, ask your partner to pull out and deposit the semen directly into a ready Instead Cup. Have one within arms reach and open it at the appropriate time. Cover the inside of the lip with semen, taking care to cover the thermoplastic membrane. Squeeze the sides of the Cup together and insert the Instead Cup as recommended by the manufacturer (all the way to the back of the vagina, covering the cervix near the back, with the front lip behind the pubic bone). Fertile cervical mucous will flow from your cervix into the Instead Cup covered in a film of semen. This will maximize the effectiveness of both your cervical mucous and your partners semen, which will liquify after about an hour when sperm will enter the cervical mucous and into your reproductive tract. Allow the Cup to sit inside your vagina for 6+ hours, but never for more than 12. After 6 hours, carefully remove the cup from your vagina. Removing the instead cup can be tricky and even a little frightening, but keep your cool and remember that it will come out with a little coaxing. If hooking your finger under the bottom lip and pulling doesn't work for you, break the seal at the top by poking it with a finger and pull it down and out.  Putting your legs up to your chest and bearing down may help also. Is it full of clear liquid with some swirls of white?  It should contain liquified semen and fertile cervical mucous. Give yourself a longer window until testing for pregnancy, at least until after your next period would have normally come. It takes 7-10 days for a fertilized egg to reach the uterus and implant, so testing too early can be demoralizing and is not useful.


Understand the limitations. Restart the Mac. Press and hold the ⌘ Command and R keys. Release the keys when you see the Apple logo. Click →. Click Utilities. Click Terminal. Enter the password reset command. Close Terminal. Select a user. Create a new password. Click Next. Click Restart. Log in with your new password. Click Continue Log In if prompted. Browse the Mac as needed.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

While you'll be able to use the following method to bypass the login on most Macs, some Mac users will have enabled FileVault and/or a firmware password, making it impossible to hack the Mac without knowing the password(s). Keep in mind that the Mac user will know that someone accessed their computer due to the password change. Click Restart at the bottom of the login screen. If you're logged into the Mac, click the Apple menu, click Restart..., and click Restart when prompted. You'll need to do this immediately after clicking Restart. This will cause your Mac to start into the recovery menu. It's at the bottom of the screen. This menu item is at the top of the screen. Clicking it prompts a drop-down menu. It's in the drop-down menu. Doing so opens a Terminal window. Type in resetpassword and then press ⏎ Return to do so. A few Terminal commands will run, and the password reset page will open in the background. Once you see the password reset page open in the background, click the red circle in the upper-left corner of the Terminal window. Click the name of the user account you want to hack, then click Next at the bottom of the window. Fill out the following fields:   New password — Enter your new password.  Verify password — Re-type the password.  Password hint — Add a hint for the password. It's at the bottom of the screen. You'll find this option at the bottom of the screen. Clicking it prompts your Mac to begin restarting; when it completes, you'll be back at the login screen. In the password box below the user you selected, type in the new password, then press ⏎ Return. This will allow you to continue logging in without setting up a new Keychain. Since you're on the user's account, you shouldn't have any limitations as long as they have administrator privileges.


Understand the meaning of a substantiated claim of abuse. Deal with law enforcement. Make your way through the courts. Work with your lawyer and follow court orders.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

The entire investigation comes down to whether or not the investigator "substantiates" the abuse claim. While the standards vary by state, in general, substantiation means there is "probable cause" that the child was mistreated. It means that the state should intervene on behalf of the child to lessen the chance of further harm.  This does not mean you have been found guilty of child abuse. It means that there is sufficient reason to continue the investigation. A survey conducted in 2000 looking at over 5,000 reports of child abuse, found that about 29 percent were substantiated. This shows that the vast majority of allegations do not pan out and are closed. Depending on the nature of the allegations and whether the case is substantiated by social services, you may find yourself being interviewed by the police. This is a time to know your rights.  The first question to ask is if you are under arrest. If the answer is "yes" you must immediately invoke your right to a lawyer. If the answer is "no" then you should strongly consider declining to speak with the police until you can talk with a lawyer. Approximately half to two-thirds of police interviews yield a full or partial confession.  Police are professional interrogators. No matter what is said about the interview being "to clear things up," and to "hear your side," you must never forget that they are seeking incriminating information.  Even if you are completely innocent, if you have been accused of child abuse, do not speak to the police without first speaking with an attorney. Child abuse cases can lead to two different types of court cases. The first is criminal, ranging from misdemeanors to serious felonies. The second is the "abuse/neglect" court where social services cases are heard with the goal of reunifying the child with the family. You are likely to end up in an abuse/neglect proceeding if the alleged victim is your own child. There is no chance of being put in jail in this type of court. However, in very serious cases, your parental rights...


Understand the most common behavioral problems in cats. Bring your cat to the vet for a checkup to rule out any medical issues. Recognize any environmental causes for your cat’s bad behavior.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Though every cat is unique and may have specific issues or specific bad behaviors, most cats act out in seven ways:  Avoiding the litter box or refusing to use the litter box. Marking furniture and other objects with their urine. Scratching furniture and other objects in your home. Your cat may also scratch you or others when play fighting. Acting aggressive towards other people or towards their owner. Acting aggressive towards other cats in the home. Displaying stress or anxiety. Acting fearful of objects or people. Sometimes cats will respond act out or display behavioral issues because they are struggling with a medical issue. For example, your cat may refuse to use his litter box due to a urinary tract infection, or he may act aggressively towards you because he is experiencing physical pain that is not immediately apparent to you. Some cats become fearful of people or objects due to vision issues and over groom themselves due to hyperthyroidism. Taking your cat to the vet for a checkup will help identify any medical problems that could be causing your cat’s bad behavior and treat it promptly so it does not get worse. If your vet gives your cat a clean bill of health, you can focus on issues in your cat’s environment that may be causing his bad behavior. Once your cat is cleared of any medical issues, you can consider why your cat might be displaying one or several of these bad behaviors. Look at his environment for any triggers of bad behavior, including:  A dirty or poorly kept litter box, which can lead to litter box avoidance. Another cat who is bullying your cat in the home, leading to litter box avoidance and aggression. A new cat in the home, which can cause your cat to urine mark. A new dog in the home can also cause your cat to act fearful or aggressive. A lack of scratching posts, which can lead to your cat scratching furniture and other objects in the home.


Understand the movements. Practice long key presses. Press W and O to push with your right foot. Press Q and P to push with your left foot. Alternate between WO and QP. Speed up your stride. Correct mistakes. Stand up. Break through the hurdle. Keep practicing.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Practice will help you get a feel for the controls, but it can take a long time before they make sense. Here's a straightforward explanation of what the controls actually do:  Q moves the right thigh forward and the left thigh back. W moves the left thigh forward and the right thigh back. O bends the right knee and extends the left knee. P bends the left knee and extends the right knee. Beginners sometimes don't realize that holding down the key keeps the muscles flexed. A quick tap will flex your leg and relax it right away, leading to jerky movements. For consistent, powerful strides, you want to hold the keys down for a solid second. Press and hold these keys at the same time to give the runner a little forward momentum. Think of this as one control: pushing off with the right leg. While your right leg is pushing off the ground, your left knee will flex. When well timed, it will raise the left foot up off the ground. Just before your left foot (in front) hits the ground, release W and O, press Q and P at the same time, and hold. This will push off with your left foot, and bring your right foot all the way forward with a lifted knee. Keep your attention on the leg in front. Just before the foot hits the ground, release the two keys you're holding and press the other two. This will get your runner into a slow but well-balanced rhythm. He should shoot the next foot forward while leaning back, then fall forward a little further on the track. You can also watch the runner's front thigh. It's time to press when it falls to a level parallel with the ground. If you don't want to spend a ton of time, you'll need to speed up. Instead of holding the keys down until your next stride, press for 1/4 to 1/2 of a second, then let go. When your forward foot just begins to fall, repeat with the other pair of keys. You'll move faster, but it will be much easier to make a mistake and fall over. When done correctly, your runner's torso will stay vertical. The front foot will hit the ground directly below the torso. If the foot...


Understand the music industry. Research various record labels to explore your options. Understand that many major labels do not accept unsolicited demos. Put together a press kit.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

You need to know a lot about the industry before you start submitting music to record labels. It is intensely competitive, and record labels are  interested only in new artists who have the potential to generate revenue.   Most musicians never land a record deal. Learn to accept lots of rejection without giving up or letting it break your spirit. Your only hope of being signed is having the potential to make money for the label. Being a great artist is not enough; you need a new sound, an attractive style, a fan base, and a celebrity persona. Getting a label to sign you to a contract is every musician's dream, but it's actually a rare event, and you have to do everything you can to increase your chances. That means you want to find a label that matches your style.  There are comprehensive record-label lists online. Search for the "record label directory" for your country.  This should help you narrow the search. Look for labels that have signed artists similar to you. A record company won't want to sign anyone who's exactly like someone else they've signed, but you want to work with a company you know is receptive to your sound. You may not be able simply to send a demo and expect it to be heard.   In most cases in order to be signed to a big label, you have to have a manager, lawyer, or agent who will contact the company on your behalf.  If you cannot afford a manager, agent, or attorney, don't lose hope! Contact the smaller labels while you continue to hone your skills as a musician. This will include a demo of your best music. A press kit typically contains a demo song on CD, one or more headshots or group shots of your band, a description of your band and influences, a biography that explains how your band came together or how you came to make the kind of music that you do, and contact information for your agent and band members. You can also include a list of big gigs you've played, awards you've won, or other recognition you've received as an artist.  Every document in the press kit should incorporate a...


Understand the nature of glass champagne bottle. Buy several bottles of champagne.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

The key to opening a champagne bottle with a sword is the pressure in the bottle.  Because of the way champagne is packaged, the carbon dioxide creates roughly 35 pounds of force pushing against the cork at all times. Glass is brittle. That means that it breaks instead of bending when it is damaged. Scoring the surface of the glass bottle will cause it to crack, and the force inside will cause the collar of the bottle and the cork to fly off. You will likely not get this right on the first try, so you will need backup bottles. This trick even works on cheap champagne though, so there’s no need to splurge on your practice bottles.  Sparkling wine also works well. In general, French and Spanish champagne tends to come in thicker bottles than American champagne. It may also be more expensive. Thicker glass works better than thin, but if you’re operating on a budget, American champagne will also work. This trick typically takes half to a full a case to master. Plan on making at least a $30 investment to learn (6 x $5 bottles). Practice with inexpensive, corked sparkling wine. Note that some inexpensive bottles are cheaply made from inferior glass, which can lead to a higher rate of breakage and are therefore riskier to work with.


Understand the need. Evaluate your strengths and weaknesses. Think about your particular community. Put aside start-up cash. Choose a name and legal structure. Look into funding opportunities.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

There are many reasons why starting a daycare center is especially economically viable today. Are you a person who can help families adjust to these realities?  The majority of families today do not fall into a male breadwinner-female homemaker model. Shift work is an increasingly prominent feature of the new economy, with more and more people working nights and weekends. In some two-parent households, one person works the day shift, and the other works the night shift People are waiting longer to retire, which means that grandparents are less available to take care of children. If you are thinking of starting a daycare center, you probably like working with children and are familiar with the tremendous amount of energy and commitment that this work requires, but that is not enough to run a successful business. There are a number of other qualities you will need:  Professionalism and business acumen Willingness to take risks Ability to supervise staff Access to financial resources Organizational and record-keeping skills Once you have established a need for daycare in your community, think more specifically about the kind of services you want to provide. You've already decided to establish the center in your home rather than in a commercial space, but there are many other considerations to address.  Look at demographic data. How many children are there under the age of five in your area? You can get this and other important pieces of information from the U.S. Census Bureau or local municipal centers and school systems. Also consider conducting a focus group of parents in your area.  How many childcare centers already exist to serve these children? You can find this information through your municipal center's licensing office, local daycare referral agencies, or the phone book/Internet. Once you've established a comprehensive list, contact each center to find out how much they charge.  Is there a need that these centers are not currently serving? Perhaps an age group or time frame is being neglected. If so,...


Understand the negative aspects of an office romance. Be aware of the possible consequences of an office relationship. Consider the positives of a workplace romance.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Keep in mind that no matter how well the relationship starts off, the workplace romance itself can be a recipe for disaster.  Since you are in constant interaction with your partner, you may encounter friction within the relationship because you may need your alone time to pursue your interests like hanging out with friends. Your time alone may become a subject of discussion. You may be distracted while at work and you will be unable to perform your professional responsibilities as outstandingly as possible. You should also be sure to avoid accusation of favoritism or conflict of interest. You may also feel jealous if you are keeping your relationship a secret while others may flirt with your partner. You should deal with these matters as a mature individual. Before you indulge in a relationship carefully consider whom should you be involved with, what could be the possible consequences of being in a relationship or ultimately breaking up.  The situation may become awkward if you are in a relationship with a colleague and the break up occurs at the time when career advancement planning is at its peak. If you are involved with a subordinate, false accusations of favoritism or harassment may arise after the break up. If the breakup negatively affects workplace relations or ends in a harassment claim, it may result in you getting fired. On the other hand, office relationships can be a positive thing. If you've found someone whose company you enjoy and who shares the same interests as you, then that's something to be celebrated, not something to feel guilty about.  When you're in a job that requires spending a lot of time in the office, it limits the opportunities to meet someone outside of work. Dating someone in your work takes pressure off trying to meet someone and ensures that the other person understands your schedule and the demands of your work. The second advantage is that you spend many hours together which gives you a much better idea of what the other person is actually like, before things get too...


Understand the nursing profession in general. Determine if the general responsibilities of nursing interest you. Consider the specific job of a Nurse Practitioner. Know the skills and qualities required of Nurse Practitioners.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

According to the American Nurses Association, nursing today is designed for the protection, promotion and optimization of health and the prevention of illness and injury.  Nurses are advocates in the care of individuals, families and communities. The standardized education of today’s nurses, in contrast to the past, reflects the high expectations communities and physicians have on the men and women who fill these roles. The nursing profession is not just for women; there are over a hundred thousand registered male nurses working in the US. The foundation of all nursing practice is based in human anatomy and physiology. The chief mission of the nursing field is to protect, promote and optimize health. Key responsibilities for nurses include:  Performing physical examinations and taking medical and family histories. Providing counseling and education about health promotion and injury protection. Administering medication and providing wound care. Coordinating care and collaborating with other professionals including doctors, therapists and dietitians. Directing and supervising care and providing education to patients and family, which enable patients to be discharged sooner. Nurse Practitioners are advanced practice nurses who have obtained graduate education which in turn increases their professional responsibilities. Nurse practitioners can serve in multiple roles, including providing direct care to patients, research in healthcare, consulting and education. Some of their duties can include:  Undertaking physical examinations of patients Providing immunizations Diagnosing and treating common illnesses and injuries Managing chronic health problems (e.g., diabetes, high blood pressure, etc.) Ordering and interpret diagnostic tests (e.g., X-rays, EKGs, etc.) Prescribing medications and/or therapies Counseling patients on lifestyle and healthcare decisions Beyond having a breadth of knowledge in medicine (and being someone who does not get squeamish easily!), a Nurse Practitioner must also be skilled in other...


Understand the object of the game. Make a move. React to your opponent’s move.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Before you can start playing Connect Four or planning a strategy, you must make sure that you understand the object of the game. In order to win, a player must get four checkers in their color in a row. Whoever does it first is the winner.  There are three ways to get four checkers in a row in Connect Four: horizontally, vertically, and diagonally. Some versions of Connect Four have an additional game where you attach an extra column to the grid and attempt to get five checkers in row. When it’s your turn to make a move in Connect Four, you take a checker and drop it down one of the slots at the top of the grid. Standard boards have have seven columns and six rows to choose from. On your first move, you will typically wind up placing your checker in the bottom row, but you can choose any of the columns, depending on your strategy. You want to choose each move carefully because your opponent will have a turn after you. Not only do they have a chance to thwart your strategy for four in row, your move can sometimes make it easier for them to get four of their checkers in a row. After you make a move with your checker, your opponent gets a chance to go. As you plan each of your moves, try to imagine how your opponent will respond. That allows you to react to their moves quickly and decisively. Before you drop a checker into the grid, ask yourself what you would do next if your opponent had made the move that you’re about to.   If you have the first turn in the game, your opponent will probably be responding to your moves and attempting to block you from getting four checkers in row. If you have the second turn of the game, you’ll likely be on the defensive, trying to keep your opponent from getting their checkers in row.


Understand the objective of an analytical essay. Decide what to write about. Brainstorm. Come up with a  thesis statement. Find supporting evidence. Make an  outline.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

An analytical essay means you will need to present some type of argument, or claim, about what you are analyzing. Most often you will have to analyze another piece of writing or a film, but you could also be asked to analyze an issue, or an idea. To do this, you must break the topic down into parts and provide evidence, either from the text/film or from your own research, that supports your claim. For example, "Stanley Kubrick's The Shining uses a repeating motif of Native American culture and art to comment on America's history of colonizing Native Americans' lands" is an analytical thesis. It is analyzing a particular text and setting forth an argument about it in the form of a thesis statement. If you are writing this for a class, your teacher will generally assign you a topic (or topics) to write about. Read the prompt carefully. What is the prompt asking you to do? However, sometimes you will have to come up with your own topic.  If you're writing an analytical essay about a work of fiction, you could focus your argument on what motivates a specific character or group of characters. Or, you could argue why a certain line or paragraph is central to the work as a whole. For example: Explore the concept of vengeance in the epic poem Beowulf. If you're writing about a historical event, try focusing on the forces that contributed to what happened. If you're writing about scientific research or findings, follow the scientific method to analyze your results. You may not immediately know what your thesis statement should be, even once you've chosen your topic. That's okay! Doing some brainstorming can help you discover what you think about your topic. Consider it from as many angles as you can.  Look for repeated imagery, metaphors, phrases, or ideas. Things that repeat are often important. See if you can decipher why these things are so crucial. Do they repeat in the same way each time, or differently? How does the text work? If you're writing a rhetorical analysis, for example, you might analyze how the author...


Understand the options for repaying your loan. Choose an amortizing loan for regular monthly payments. Understand interest-only loans. Ask for a balloon payment loans if your current monthly income is low. Avoid late fees. Understand prepayment penalties. Avoid accidental overdrafts on your checking account.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

You may choose to make monthly payments on your loan.  Or you may want to pay the loan off in full all at once.  Discuss your repayment options with your lender.  Understand the conditions or rules that govern how your loan must be repaid. Most personal loans are amortizing loans.  This means you pay a fixed monthly amount that includes interest and principal.  The number of months needed to repay the loan is specified at the beginning.  You continue to make monthly payments until the loan is paid off and the balance is zero. This means that each month you only pay interest on the loan.  The principal is paid in one lump sum at the end of the loan.  The regular payments are smaller with this type of loan, so you would choose it if you think you don’t have enough income to cover amortizing loan payments.  Also, it may be possible to refinance the lump sum payment at the end with another lender. With balloon payment loans, you pay no monthly payments during the term of the loan.  Then, at the end, you pay the entire principal plus all of the accrued interest in one lump sum.  This is a risky type of loan.  Many people who choose this option think they will be able to refinance the lump sum payment with another loan at the end. If you don’t pay your loan according to the terms and conditions set forth by the lender, you may incur penalties or fees.  These may occur if you miss a payment or pay your bill late.  The late fee will be added to your monthly payment for that month.  You will have to pay it in addition to your regular payment. If you pay your loan back more quickly than specified by the terms of the loan, then the lender doesn’t get as much income in interest payments.  Some lenders cover themselves by charging prepayment penalties or exit fees if you pay off your loan before a certain date. To avoid prepayment penalties, look for the words “no prepayment penalty” on your loan application materials. Some borrowers set up automatic payments from their checking account to pay the monthly loan payments. ...


Understand the origin of a growling stomach. Attribute hunger to your brain. Recognize emotional cravings. Get more sleep. Control your stress levels. Get tested for diabetes. Practice mindful eating.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

These sounds are usually caused by juices and gasses moving around the stomach and intestine. It's not your stomach telling you it's time to eat. The reason the sound is associated with hunger is that it's louder when the stomach and intestines are empty. If you have food in your stomach, it muffles the noise of this activity.  A growling stomach is not the same as hunger pangs, which start 12-24 hours after your last meal. Some people have more gas than others. Reasons that people have gas include poor nutrition, food intolerance, pregnancy, and genetics. Feelings of hunger might not be caused by an empty stomach. Hunger can occur for reasons of both physiological and psychological desire for satisfaction. Hunger pangs have been shown to continue even after a stomach has been removed. The hypothalamus, or brainstem, regulates feelings of hunger, not the stomach.  Knowing more about the causes of hunger might help you ignore it when it arises. If you feel hungry, consider what emotional needs you might address instead of eating something to feel better. Many people associate food with safety and comfort. They're more likely to feel hungry when they're feeling anxious, worried or fearful. People who eat for emotional reasons might find themselves in a cycle of overeating followed by severe dieting, and they may have a hard time with weight control.  Many emotional eaters suffer from low self-esteem. They may benefit from counseling, cognitive behavior therapy or other therapeutic supports. It might not be easy to recognize the difference between emotional sources of hunger and physiological sources of hunger. If you're someone who has a hard time discerning this difference, consider following a scheduled eating program. That way, you can know that you're getting your food needs met and may be better able to address your emotional needs. Sleep helps you keep a balance of the hormones that make you feel hungry (ghrelin) or full (leptin). Without enough sleep, you'll produce more ghrelin. Your level of leptin...


Understand the origins of barometric measurement. Know the units of pressure. Convert between units of pressure.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

The Italian physicist Torricelli conceived the first barometer from the fact that the average pressure of the atmosphere is capable of "sucking" 76 centimeters (760 mm) of mercury (Hg, which is a liquid metal at STP) up the inside bore of an evacuated glass tube. Later mathematicians have come up with other units of pressure, but the traditional unit remains mm Hg: millimeters of mercury. Pressure is a measure of force per unit area, and there are various ways to describe both the force and the area. Atmospheric pressure is usually expressed in psi (pounds per square inch). It can also be expressed in "atmospheres" – one atmosphere is 14.7 psi. In the U.S., it is common to speak of air pressure in "inches of mercury," as one might read the pressure from a barometer. In meteorology, air pressure is most often expressed in "millibars:" each millibar is exactly one dyne (gm-cm/sec^2) per square centimeter in the c.g.s. system of units.  14.7 psi is a rough average of barometric pressure at sea level and at STP (standard temperature and pressure.) STP is an internationally-accepted "general state" of the atmosphere. The 14.7 figure has been averaged over a large number of measurements, all either taken at sea level or corrected to sea level. Atmospheres are rarely used in meteorology.  The millibar is an especially convenient unit of pressure for atmospheric studies. 1033 millibars is the pressure equivalent to one atmosphere, 14.7 psi, or 30 inches of mercury. Most weather maps and all aeronautical weather charts are in millibars, and the pressure at sea level is usually very close to 1000 millibars. Nearly all barometers in the U.S. are graduated in units of inches of mercury. The barometer is read to the nearest hundredth of an inch, such as "29.93 inches." Similarly, aircraft altimeter settings are universally given by control towers in inches of mercury corrected to sea level, regardless of the altitude of the airfield. If you’re simply converting a measurement from one unit of pressure to another, you can...


Understand the other person's position. Introduce your counterargument. Offer rebuttals to the other person's argument. Respond to any of the other person's rebuttals. Spot logical fallacies Be laid back about it. Don't rehash the same arguments over and over again. Wrap things up amicably.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Ask them to clarify any confusing areas. Nobody's worldview is perfectly coherent, but it's hard to debate someone when they're all over the place. Try to gently get them to adhere to one line of arguments that are more or less consistent. If you're not sure about what their argument is, help them out in a non-threatening way: "So, if I understand what you're saying, you mean that the penny should be abolished because it costs more than a penny to produce a penny?" After you've respectfully echoed what they say, introduce your counterargument. Explain the gist of what you believe and how it runs contrary to their argument. Try to think of an idea as solid as theirs is. Don't just say they are wrong: think of a thing you can really argue for that is itself a solid belief.  For example, if they say the government should give tax breaks to hybrid car owners, don't just say, "What I believe is that you're wrong and that's a terrible idea." Instead, counter their idea with another: "I think the government should focus on building citywide transit--it's better for the environment if we dismantle car culture altogether." Offer examples along with your thesis for why you hold a particular belief. After you have stated your counterargument, try to rebut their argument with supporting arguments as well as evidence that supports those arguments.  "Does it really make sense to say that any form of government — municipal, state, or federal — should legislate sexual morality? It's not a question of "could" — they're more than capable of doing it; it's more a question of whether it's right for them to say how we should treat our own bodies in the privacy of our own home. Where does it stop if we let them get a foot in the door?" More than likely, the other person you're debating will take issue with some of the things you are saying. Remember their rebuttals and tackle them when the other person has finished speaking.  Because this is an informal setting, you won't be taking notes as you go. Use more casual methods to...


Understand the possible meanings of doors. Assess the door itself. Assess what lies beyond the door. Assess your passage through the door.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Doors mean a variety of things in dreams. In general, people interpret them as a symbol of transition. Dreaming about a door suggests you are in need of change, or that you are currently in a transition from one stage of life to another. Doors can lead to adventure, secrets, opportunities and new beginnings. The saying “when one door closes, another one opens,” is very relevant here. Your door might be leading you to a new phase. The door's placement, condition, color, and kind are all important to the interpretation. A door in good condition, for example, might mean that your transition is a healthy or sound one. A dilapidated door might conversely mean you are uncertain or afraid of change.  What is the door's color? Some interpreters think a red door signifies that you are keeping anger or frustration bottled up. A black door symbolizes secrets, and opening it means that you are taking a risk. What kind of door is it? Trapdoors can represent hidden opportunities or, sometimes, suppressed feelings in the subconscious. A revolving door can mean going around in circles – that perhaps you feel your life is going nowhere. Are you outside or inside? Being inside might suggest you are in need of introspection and should take stock of your life, while being outside can represent freedom and opportunity. A closed door might mean closed opportunities. However, if your dream takes you through the door, what stands on the other side is also important. Pay attention to where the door leads, as this is closely connected to its possible interpretation.  For example, if you come across a land of plenty the dream might indicate you will transition to a glorious new phase in life. On the other hand, if the door leads somewhere depressing, dull, and sad, it could suggest you are afraid of change and holding back. A door that takes you somewhere familiar and comforting is a sign that you are ready to transition, but that you will remain whole, just more experienced and wiser on the other side. Moving through the door is...


Understand the power of sound. Find a quiet spot. Figure out your mantra’s intention. Find a comfortable position. Relax Breathe properly. Consider taking a class or joining a group.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

We all use words to express ourselves and meet our needs, speaking about 15,000 words out loud a day. A mantra is a sound, syllable, word or phrase that you may use for multiples reasons. Some use mantras to maintain focus during mediation, allow meanings to reach their subconscious, have a spiritual experience, achieve a goal or help change themselves for the better. You will want to start out in a place with few distractions. A bedroom where you can shut the door and windows works fine. Minimize distractions, such as phone calls, notifications and television by shutting electronic devices off so you can focus on your mantra.  You can add incense or candles to your meditation spot to help you get into the mood and focus. Set aside time every day to practice your mantra. You will want at least 30 minutes of uninterrupted time for this. Intentions are the thoughts and emotional drives that initiate every action we take. Whether we decide to go to the store, wave to a friend, say a word or go to work, it all starts with an intention. Think about the reason you want to perform a mantra—for peace, health, success or a spiritual connection? Determine the purpose for your mantra session and focus on that. Most people choose a sitting position but you can adopt whatever position you find comfortable. If you are flexible and used to the position, you may want to use the lotus position. Since your comfort level will determine your ability to relax and focus on your mantra, don’t force yourself to take on a pose that will be distracting or uncomfortable.  It is important to keep your back naturally straight but not rigid. Do not slouch. Many people choose a cross-legged meditation position. If this is a difficult position to maintain, you can make it easier with your back against a wall or use a rolled blanket or towel  under your ankles. Sitting upright in a chair is another option. To do this, keep your feet directly under your knees, press your thighs against the chair and make sure your feet have good contact with...


Understand the problems with growing from a seed. Select seeds before they have dried out. Wash the seeds. Get the seeds to sprout faster by keeping them moist. Plant each seed in a small pot of well-draining potting mix or soil. Keep the soil in full sunlight. Add a balanced fertilizer once every two weeks (optional). Remove the weakest of the three sprouts when the seeds sprout.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

An orange tree grown from seed will be more vulnerable to disease, and its oranges may not taste like the fruit the seed came from. The tree could also take between four and fifteen years to bear fruit for the first time. A young tree purchased from the nursery is actually a combination of two plants: one tree bred for healthy roots and other attributes, plus branches of another tree grafted onto the first. These branches come from a tree that produces high quality fruit, and because they are already mature, the tree should produce fruit within a year or two after purchase. All that explained, feel free to continue with these steps if you're up for a challenge. Cut open an orange carefully without breaking the seeds inside, or simply use the seeds that aren't damaged by the knife. Pick out seeds without any dents or discolorations. Seeds that appear withered and dry, usually after they've been left out of the fruit for too long, have a lower chance of growing. Note that some varieties of orange are seedless. Ask a fruit seller for a variety with seeds. Hold the seeds under running water and gently rub off any pulp or other material that has gathered onto the seeds. Be careful not to damage the seeds, especially if some are already beginning to sprout. There is no need to dry the seeds afterwards. Keeping them moist will make them more likely to sprout. Assuming you're using seeds that haven't yet begun to germinate (sprout), you can shorten the time it takes to reach that point by keeping them in a moist environment. You could keep damp seeds in a plastic bag in the refrigerator for 30 days before planting, or simply keep the soil they're planted in moist, but not soggy.  If you are using seeds that have dried out, they are in a dormant state and can take months to germinate, or fail to do so at all.  Professional orange growers soak some slow-germinating orange varieties in gibberellic acid before planting to speed up the germination even more. This is typically unnecessary for a home project involving a...


Understand the process of fake tans. Prep your skin beforehand. Wait to get in the shower. Try using tinted self-tan products. Stay away from that orange glow. Keep your fake tan from premature fading. Use gloves to prevent orange palms. Wait to get dressed.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Sunless tanning products work on the top layer of skin which are the dead skin cells you rub off during exfoliation. The dihydroxyacetone (DHA) in the fake tan products reacts with the amino acids in the dead skin cells to produce melanoids, which result in increased pigmentation in that top layer. This means that a sunless tan only goes as deep as the top layer of your skin, and does not extend any further. To create a good fake tan, you have to start with an even top layer of skin. Total body exfoliation and moisturizing are a must for even fake tan results. Shave your legs, exfoliate your body and face, and moisturize everywhere you apply the fake tan. Start exfoliating a few days before you self-tan, and avoid over-moisturizing immediately before you apply the product. When you do apply the tanner, do it slowly and be sure to rub it in completely, paying extra attention to the knees, elbows, feet, and neck, all parts of the body that will absorb the tanner more readily. You need to let the tanner set for the recommended length of time before you get your skin wet. If the fake tan has not completely set and dried on your skin, water will create streaky lines. When you have waited long enough and you are ready to shower, do not use body wash or a luffa to scrub your skin immediately after. This will tamper with the tone of your tan. Simply wash your body with your hand and warm water.  When you dry off, make sure you are pat dry dry instead of rub dry with a towel. Rubbing will remove your tan because your skin will be wet and soft. After your shower, be sure to moisturize your entire body. These fake tanners are most fool-proof because you can see the distribution of the sunless tanner before it develops. Using tinted products usually produce better results. Opt for a lotion instead of a quick-drying foam, for a better window of opportunity to correct any uneven spots before the DHA starts reacting with your skin and sets. When trying out a new brand of self-tanner, always start with a light to medium...


Understand the process of relief printing. Examine the rim of the print. Look for signs of embossing. Look for signs of cutting in the cross-hatching or shaded areas.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Relief printing is the oldest and most traditional printing technology, and involves reproducing images at its most basic. In relief printing, a wood or metal relief block is carved by cutting away the areas of the picture that will not be printed, then ink is applied to the raised areas either by dabbing the areas to be printed, or rolling the ink on. The final stage of the process involves transferring the ink to the page by laying a sheet of paper and applying pressure. Examples of relief prints include:  Wood block printing Linocut Type-set One of the quickest and most reliable ways of identifying relief prints is to examine the edges of the print for evidence. The process by which ink is transferred from the block via pressure will produce a characteristic rim around the edges of life. This is a feature that is only characterized by relief printing processes, so it's always a sure sign. For comparison purposes, examine the serial number on any bill of US currency. You should notice the rim of the numbers is slightly darker than the inside. This is a sign of relief printing. Look for this tendency in the piece that you're examining. Another fairly reliable way of identifying relief printing is to look at the back of the piece for signs of embossing, another result of the transfer process in relief printing. Examine the page and feel with your hands for signs of raised perforation and pressure, signifiers of the paper being pressed on the relief block.  Compared with intaglio printing, the pressure required to make relief prints is relatively minor, meaning that embossing will sometimes be difficult to see and differentiate from that of intaglio printing, which is more severe. Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) is often used to highlight and document the physical signifiers of embossing in relief printing. While it might seem obvious, one of the best ways of distinguishing relief from intaglio printing is in examining the black marks as closely as possible and trying to decide whether it looks like...


Understand the process. Break a word down into spoken syllables. Add "-idig-" before each vowel sound in a syllable. Resist the urge to repeat vowel sounds.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

"Gibberish" is an umbrella term for any nonsensical language that is hard to understand, such as baby talk. However, all established variants use the same pattern: A nonsense sound is inserted into every syllable when speaking. The same nonsense sound is used over and over, so words get much longer and all sound quite similar.  Pig Latin is a pseudo-language that is another way of speaking in code. It's a little more common and a little easier to deduce. Generally, every syllable in a word contains one vowel sound. Here are some words and their syllables:   Tree: Tree  Bottle: Bot / tle (pronounced tul)  Symmetry: Sym (sim) / me (meh) / try (tree) If there are only vowels (e.g., "I"), add it at the very beginning. Regardless of whether there are 1,2, or 3 consonants at the beginning, add it before the first vowel sound. The result will sound something like this:   tree: tridigee  bottle: bidigottle  symmetry: symm"idig"etry For a word like "street," remember to keep the consonants together (it's still one syllable). The word, in gibberish, would be pronounced, "stridigeet." If you were to say the word "hi" in gibberish, it may be tempting to pronounce it "hi-tho-gi," instead of "hI-di-gi." which sounds like your saying "hit a guy" Don't do it! It's harder to decipher when you add in a different vowel sound.  "My name" is not "mi-thag-eye nay-tha-game," it's "mI-dig-eye nI-dig-ame." "-idig-" has the same initial sound as "dig" (not "pig"), in case you were curious. In the IPA, it's a schwa, or /ə/. Think of a caveman grunt.


Understand the process. Create your stencils

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

You'll be using a series of stencils to apply layers of paint to your board. The unpainted areas left behind by your stencils will form the design of your board. A simple, stencil-free way of achieving the same effect involves covering areas of your board with tape in creative patterns. , if applicable. You won't need to do this if you are simply using tape to create designs in your board. More complicated designs and shapes with arcs, like circles, will likely need a stencil. You can make your stencils out of many different materials. Some common options include cardboard, mylar, or rigid card stock.


Understand the process. Cut four wires of equal length. Solder the wires. Connect the wires to the Arduino. Check your wiring.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

The hack in this section allows Arduino to drive the motors directly, without an external motor driver. The diagram shown here represents the IC (integrated circuit) on the motor driver circuit. This section requires careful soldering. Work slowly and methodically. These will connect the Arduino and the motor driver circuit. Solder each wire to one pin on the integrated circuit. Take care not to make contact with a second pin. Solder as follows:  Solder one wire on to the LEFT pin shown in the IC pin diagram. The LEFT pin is 7th from the top. Solder a wire on to the RIGHT pin shown in the IC pin diagram. The RIGHT pin is 6th from the top, just above "left." Solder a wire on to the BACKWARD pin shown in the IC pin diagram. The BACKWARD pin is the 10th pin, exactly opposite "left." Solder a wire on to the FORWARD pin shown in the IC pin diagram. The FORWARD pin is just above "backward," exactly opposite "right." Taking care not to confuse the wires, attach each one to the Arduino as follows:  Connect the LEFT wire to pin 5 of the Arduino. Connect the RIGHT wire to pin 6. Connect the BACKWARD wire to pin 9. Connect the Forward wire to pin 10. Examine all your wiring closely. Make sure there are no unintentional connections causing a short.


Understand the process. Download and install Wireshark. Download Cookie Cadger. Connect to the same wireless network your target is connected to. Launch Wireshark. Run Cookie Cadger and select your wireless adapter. Use the domain filter to find Google cookies. Click "Replay This Request" when you've found a Gmail cookie.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Whenever someone logs into Gmail (or any other login service), a file called a "cookie" is sent to their computer. This cookie allows the user to stay logged in, even if they leave Gmail. A packet sniffer can find cookies being transferred over a wireless network. When you find a Gmail cookie, you can open it on your computer and potentially access your target's inbox. You'll need to be connected to the same wireless network as your target.  This method will not work if your target has encryption enabled (https://). This is enabled by default in Gmail, so its usefulness is limited.  Using a packet sniffer on a public network to intercept traffic is illegal. Wireshark is a free network monitoring utility that you can download from wireshark.org. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux. Installing Wireshark is a straightforward process. Follow the prompts like you would with most programs. During installation, make sure to install the TShark component. This is essential for grabbing cookies over the wireless network. You will also need to install "WinPcap." This is a Java program that will find and intercept cookies being sent across the wireless network. Cookie Cadger doesn't need to be installed. It works the same in every operating system. You will need to have Java 7 installed in order to use Cookie Cadger. You can download Java from java.com/download. See How to Install Java for more details. You will need to be connected to the same wireless network as your target. This means you'll need to be close. Wireshark will need to be running in order for Cookie Cadger to work. Select the adapter connected to the wireless network from the drop-down menu. You should see the main frame populate with unsecured cookies from other people using the network. The second column will display a list of domains that Cookie Cadger is finding cookies for. Look for Google domains, particularly mail.google.com. Remember, this only works if the target is not using https. If their connection is secure, you will not be able to...


Understand the process. Download the Wubi files. Extract the Wubi installer. Run the Wubi installer. Select how much space you want to allocate for Ubuntu. Create a username and password. Click the "Install" button and wait for Ubuntu to install. Select "Ubuntu" when rebooting. Continue to wait while Ubuntu installs. Use the menu when starting your computer to select your operating system. Start using Ubuntu.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Ubuntu no longer supports using the Windows installer to install Ubuntu from within Windows, but you can still use it if you prefer. The installer will not work in Windows 8 or newer; you must be using Windows XP, Vista, or 7. The installer can also lead to problems that could be avoided by installing with a USB drive, even on supported machines. It is recommended that you use the USB method above unless absolutely necessary. You can only use the installer to install Ubuntu alongside Windows. You can't use it to replace Windows. If you want to replace Windows with Ubuntu, use the USB method above. This is the installer for Ubuntu that allows you to install Ubuntu within the Windows environment, just like you would any Windows program. You can download the files from cdimage.ubuntu.com/wubi/current/. Click the link for the "i386.tar.xz" file if you aren't sure which one applies to you. If you know that you meet the processor requirements for the 64-bit version, select "amd64.tar.xz" instead. You'll need a program that supports GZIP in order to extract the files from the "tar.xz" file you downloaded. One of the most popular free programs is 7-Zip, which you can download from 7-zip.org. Once you've installed 7-Zip, use it to open the "tar.xz" file that you downloaded. Extract the files inside into a new folder. There are only a few settings you'll need to change before running the installer, and they are all on the same menu. Ubuntu will create its own partition out of your available free space to install itself on. Use the drop-down menu to select how large you want this partition to be. Ubuntu needs at least 7 GB of space, more if you want to install programs and download files. You'll need to create a user before you can install Ubuntu. You'll be able to create additional users after installing. Enter a password to keep your account secure. The installer will download the necessary Ubuntu files, and then you will be prompted to reboot. You'll see a new menu when your computer reboots, allowing you to select...


Understand the proper usage of the word you need. Create a mnemonic to help you distinguish between the words. Write you're as a contraction or a combination of the words you and are. Remember that you're is actually a combination of two words. Write your as the possessive form of you. Remember that the word your will usually not be followed by an adjective. Take a look at some examples.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

The best way to do that is to sound it out.  There is a replacement test that will tell you for certain which word will fit.  Read the sentence with you are in place of where the your/you're is intended.  If it makes sense, then you're would be right. If not, then your would fit.  You could also replace your with my in the sentence. If it fits, then use your. A mnemonic is a device that helps you remember something. You may find a mnemonic helpful when remembering the difference between you're and your. Elements such as parallelism and vivid imagery are usually effective mnemonic tools.  Consider the sentence "If you're writing it you're, you're writing it right." You are doing something when you write, and thus the contraction you're is correct. You could also try something like the sentence "Your Outraged Unicorns Race," where the first letter of each word spells out the correct usage. Because the unicorns belong to you, they're your unicorns. Other examples of contractions include doesn't for does not, they're for they are, and can't for cannot.  "You're a good friend" means "You are a good friend." "I don't know what you're talking about" means "I do not know what you are talking about." It thus fulfills two very important roles in a sentence or clause. Because it includes both a pronoun and a verb, you're will always be the subject and at least part of the verb of any clause in which it appears. The possessive form refers to something that a person has, something that belongs to the person in question, or the person you are talking to. Your reflects ownership, as in "yours, mine, and ours".  "Is your stomach growling?" "Your book is on the table." In most cases, your will not be followed by an adjective (a word that describes something) when that adjective is describing the person that you are talking to. In other words, saying "Your very kind"  will almost never be correct.  "Your very kind" would only be correct if someone were describing a noun, as in "Your nice son brought me my coat." Here, your...


Understand the pros and cons of owning a tankless water heater. Tankless water heaters are more expensive than conventional tank heaters but still can provide a return on investment. Understand that you may or may not receive tax credits and incentives based on your location.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

On the pro side, a tankless water heater can provide an endless supply of hot water. You don’t have the standby energy loss with a tankless water heater that you do with a standard model that keeps a large quantity of water ready. It saves energy and has a smaller carbon footprint due to its smaller physical size which uses less materials and subsequently reduces transportation costs. Life expectancy is 20 years or more and they are less prone to corrosion since there is no water tank. Parts are also easily replaceable which can extend their life even further. On the con side, if the system isn't adequate for your home, you will never have the hot water you desire. It is really important that you choose the right system and that it is properly installed. Tankless hot water heaters are more expensive than their conventional counterparts and cost more to install. It can take several years to realize the extra savings because of the expensive initial cost and potential extra dollars spent on proper installation.