Identify the title, author, and genre in the introduction. Discuss the text’s subject, themes, and audience. Look at the genre, form, and structure of the text. Analyze the voice in the text. Study the tone and mood. Identify the literary devices in the text. Include quotes from the text. Wrap up the commentary with a summary of your thoughts.

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Begin the literary commentary by noting the basic details of the text. State the title, author, date of publication, and genre of the text. This should appear in your introduction section. You can also mention at what point in a larger work the passage occurs, if relevant.  For example, you may note, “Published in 1966, Seamus Heaney’s ‘Blackberry-Picking’ is a poem that appears in his poetry collection, Death of a Naturalist.” If the text is from a larger work, do not write about the overall plot of the larger work. You should also not include details from the author’s biography or the historical period when the text was written, unless it feels relevant to the passage. In the body paragraphs, think about what the text is about. Who or what is the text focusing on? What are the main ideas in the text? What is the overall purpose of the text? Who is the text written for?  For example, in Seamus Heaney's poem, "Blackberry-Picking,” the subject is two people picking a large quantity of blackberries.  The themes of the poem could be nature, hunger, and decay or rot. The poem begins with a dedication to “Philip Hobsbaum,” which means he could be the intended audience of the poem, the “you” addressed in the poem. The genre of the text is tied to its form, or how it appears on the page. Is the text a poem, a piece of prose, or an essay? Does the text fit in a specific genre, such as fiction, nonfiction, poetry, travel writing, or memoir? The genre and form of the text will also help you determine the structure of the text. For example, Seamus Heaney's "Blackberry-Picking” takes the form of a poem and fits in the genre of poetry. It uses a familiar poetic structure, such as short lines of text and is broken into two stanzas. Ask yourself, who is speaking in the text? Identify the speaker or narrator in the text. Then, think about how the voice of the text is reflected in the word choice, the language, and the diction in the text. For example, in Seamus Heaney's "Blackberry-Picking,” the speaker uses the first person...


Identify the type of car. Look up car clubs online. Narrow your search by the style or year of the car. Look for owners in your area.

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Suppose you see a really cool Camaro, Mustang or some other collectible car drive by. Make a note of as much descriptive information as you can get. With a simple Internet search for “car clubs,” you will be able to find listings of clubs dedicated to car enthusiasts. If you have this additional information, you will have a better chance of finding the particular car and owner you are looking for. Some car club sites will list owners by name and include contact information. With a little luck, you’ll find the person you want.


Identify the type of tap. Ice your keg. Ice your tap.

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The majority of Domestic beer kegs sold in the US use the American "D" system. However it is wise to confirm this with the vendor, as some imports may require a different tap system. Possible systems include:  American "D", European "S", and "U" systems The Grundy "G" system The German Slider or "A & M" systems To insure the perfect head on your beer, chill your keg before tapping. To properly chill your entire keg (and not just the bottom half):  Line your keg bucket with a plastic garbage bag. Fill the bottom of the bag with ice. Place your keg in the bag and on top of the ice. Pack more ice in the garbage bag, around the perimeter of the keg. Pull the bag up and around the keg, while packing with more ice. It helps to enlist a friend here. One to hold the bag up, around the keg, while the other friend fills the bag with ice.  Secure the bag full of ice around the keg. Let your keg sit on ice for 4-5 hours. You may need to periodically replace the ice, as it melts. Do not forget to also ice the tap system. Otherwise you will lose carbonation when your cold beer hits the warm tubing of the tap system. To properly cool your tap system put it on ice for one hour before you need it.


Identify the version you used in your first parenthetical citation. Include only the book, chapter, and verse in subsequent in-text citations. Include a reference list entry if required by your editor or instructor.

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APA doesn't require a full citation in your reference list at the end of your paper. At the end of any sentence in which you've referenced the Bible, place a parenthetical citation with the book, chapter, and verse followed by the name of the version in regular font. Separate chapter and verse with a colon. Abbreviate the names of the books of the Bible following the abbreviations listed in the APA publication manual. For example: "In the same way, let your good deeds shine out for all to see, so that everyone will praise your heavenly father" (Matt. 5:16 New Living Translation). As long as you're using the same version of the Bible, you don't have to continue to list the name of the version in your parenthetical citations. Simply list the book, chapter, and verse.  For example: "In the same way, let your good deeds shine out for all to see, so that everyone will praise your heavenly father" (Matt. 5:16). If you switch to a different version, for example, if you were comparing translations, then you would list the different version in the parenthetical citation. Although the APA doesn't require a full citation in your reference list, your editor or instructor may want one. Ask what they prefer, or when in doubt include reference list entries, particularly if you are comparing several versions. Follow the format for citing a book. For example, your reference list entry might look like this: The New Oxford Annotated Bible. (2007). M. D. Coogan (Ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.


Identify the x-axis. Find the point where the line crosses the x-axis. Write the ordered pair for the x-intercept.

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A coordinate graph has a y-axis and an x-axis. The x-axis is the horizontal line (the line that goes from left-to-right). The y-axis is the vertical line (the line that goes up and down). It is important to look at the x-axis when locating the x-intercept. The x-intercept is this point. If you are asked to find the x-intercept based on the graph, the point will likely be exact (for example, at point 4). Usually, however, you will have to estimate using this method (for example, the point is somewhere between 4 and 5). An ordered pair is written in the form (x,y){\displaystyle (x,y)} and gives you the coordinates for the point on the line.  The first number of the pair is the point where the line crosses the x-axis (the x-intercept). The second number for will always be 0, since a point on the x-axis will never have a value for y. For example, if a line crosses the x-axis at point 4, the ordered pair for the x-intercept is (4,0){\displaystyle (4,0)}.


Identify the x-coordinates of the first two points. Determine the factor by which the x{\displaystyle x} variable grows. Determine the factor by which the  y{\displaystyle y} variable grows. Compare the constants of the two variables.

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You should be given a list of coordinates, or have a graph from which you can determine the coordinates of the points. If you don’t have the coordinates of points on the line, you cannot use this method.  For example, you might be given the set of points xy214263{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}x&y\\\hline \\2&1\\4&2\\6&3\end{matrix}}}  The x-coordinate of the first point is 2, and the x-coordinate of the second point is 4. To do this, determine which factor, or constant, the first x-coordinate is multiplied by to arrive at the second coordinate. For example, if the first x-coordinate is 2, and the second x-coordinate is 4, you need to determine what you multiply 2 by to get 4:2k=4{\displaystyle 2k=4}2k2=42{\displaystyle {\frac {2k}{2}}={\frac {4}{2}}}k=2{\displaystyle k=2}So, the x{\displaystyle x} variable grows by the constant 2. Use the same two points you used to determine the growth of x{\displaystyle x}. Use algebra to determine the factor by which the two coordinates vary. For example, if the first y-coordinate is 1, and the second y-coordinate is 2, you need to determine what you multiply 1 by to get 2:1k=2{\displaystyle 1k=2}1k1=21{\displaystyle {\frac {1k}{1}}={\frac {2}{1}}}k=2{\displaystyle k=2}So, the variable y{\displaystyle y} grows by the constant 2. If x{\displaystyle x} and y{\displaystyle y} changed at the same rate, or by the same factor, then they are directly proportional. For example, since the x-coordinates changed by a factor of 2 while the y-coordinates also changed by a factor of 2, the two variables are directly proportional.


Identify things you can improve. Build a campaign message that provides solutions. Build a diverse and talented team. Identify your base of voters.

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People are looking to vote for a leader who will improve their lives in some way or manage things effectively. Identify problems in people's lives and think of ways to solve them. This will give voters a reason to vote for you, especially if you have a plan that resonates with them.  For instance, if you’re trying to be student body president, you can think of ways to improve the cafeteria food and provide free supplies and materials for students. If you’re running for city council, potential problems could involve things like trash collection or graffiti in the park. Identify two or three big issues that you'd like to change and flesh out a plan on how to accomplish your goals. Choose issues that are important to your voters. A clear campaign message will help people understand what you're all about. Concentrate on talking about your message when speaking to potential voters or making speeches. A campaign message shouldn't be overly long, complex, or confusing. It can be a couple of sentences that hit on the core ideas of your campaign.  For instance, if you were running for chair-person of the health department, your campaign message could include lowering the costs of healthcare, improving patient satisfaction, and providing free ongoing education for doctors. For instance, for the 2016 presidential primaries, Bernie Sanders ran on a platform to reduce income inequality, making college tuition free, and getting big money out of politics. The more diversity on your team, the more opinions and views you can get from people who are similar to your voters. Make sure that each team member is up for the task and that they understand their role in the campaign. Encourage input and try to get as many perspectives as you can.  Roles could include campaign manager, treasurer, fundraiser, and communications director.  If you're trying to get elected to a smaller role, you could assign roles to create posters or talk to people about your platform. If you consider your ideas progressive, target voters who think...


Identify ways in which you produce carbon dioxide. Calculate your carbon footprint. Drive less. Save Insulate and seal windows and doors. Buy locally grown foods. Reduce waste at home and at work. Limit unnecessary purchases.

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You can't reduce your carbon emissions if you don't know where they're coming from. Once you've identified sources of carbon dioxide production in your daily life, you can come up with ways to reduce your dependency on those sources.  Driving is the main source of most people’s carbon dioxide emissions. Other sources include air travel and household energy consumption. You also should look at the products you buy and use. If they were shipped long distances to get to you, carbon emissions were involved in their transport. Carbon emissions also occur when products are built in factories. If you buy those products, you are also contributing to carbon emissions that way. Make a list of the ways in which you produce carbon dioxide, like driving, air travel, and household energy consumption. Then, search online for a carbon footprint calculator that you can use to get a rough estimate of the size of your carbon footprint.  Just do a search for "carbon footprint calculator" online, or check the website of a nonprofit environmental organization to see if there's one they recommend. Since these calculators may vary in their methodologies, you may want to use more than one and average the results. The more information the calculator allows you to enter, the closer to reality the estimate will be. Since driving typically makes up a large portion of your carbon footprint, one easy way to reduce your carbon dioxide emissions directly is to use your car less. Take public transportation, walk, or ride a bike when you can.  Try to do multiple errands at once so you take fewer trips, and start a carpool at work. There are ways you can increase the fuel efficiency of your car, or you may want to consider living without a car altogether. If you're in the market for a new car, you can reduce your carbon footprint by buying one that is hybrid or fully electric. on heating and electricity in your home. The carbon dioxide produced by the electricity or other fuel that you use to light and heat your home is another big source of...


Identify ways to respond more appropriately in future situations. Get involved in activities that are incompatible with the behavior your parents are upset about. Talk to your parents about your future goals.

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Parents may have a hard time forgiving because they are concerned you may make the same mistakes again. Demonstrating that you learned from your mistakes and developed ways of avoiding repeating them will help your parents to let go of the past. If you are struggling to identify more appropriate responses, ask your parents to help you. They will appreciate that you are making the effort to improve, and it's another opportunity to make them feel heard. Show them you are responsible by studying to earn good grades or getting a job. Remind them how great you are by taking on a leadership role at school or in the community. Involve yourself in activities they would be proud to tell others about and reduce their concern about how you're spending your time. Parents forgive more quickly when they can focus on your new achievements, rather than past failures. Consider volunteering to serve others in your community to really make them proud. You can find lots of volunteer opportunities online. Help them forgive you by distracting them from your past behavior and focusing on future possibilities. Set goals for 6 months, 2 years, and 5 years from now, with action plans to achieve them.  Your 6 month goals should be reasonable. Set goals for improving grades, saving money, and/or improving you physical and mental health. Your 2 and 5 year goals should be complex but attainable, a good example might be to graduate college.


Identify what is stuck in the ear. Determine if you should seek immediate medical care. Know what not to do.

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We cannot always know how or why something ended up stuck in our ear, but treatment varies depending on what the foreign object is. If possible, identify the object before making any decisions regarding care.  The majority of foreign objects lodged in ears are placed there intentionally, usually by young children and toddlers. These include food material, hair clips, beads, small toys, pencils, and q-tips. If you know what your child was doing before symptoms appeared, you may be able to determine what's stuck in his ear.  Earwax can accumulate in the ear canal and harden. The buildup of earwax can also develop due to overuse or misuse of q-tips. Symptoms of an earwax buildup include a sense of fullness or pressure in one ear. Sometimes, this the buildup of earwax can cause dizziness and decreased hearing.  An insect can be a particularly alarming and annoying foreign object to have in the ear, but also the easiest to detect. The insect's buzzing and movement can be heard and felt in the ear. While annoying, the majority of the time a foreign object in the ear is not a medical emergency. If you cannot remove it yourself, it is typically all right to visit the doctor on the following day. However, in some cases you will need to visit the ER immediately to prevent greater physical harm.  If the object in the ear is something sharp, seek medical care immediately as complications can arise quickly.  Young children often place button-type batteries in the ear. These are the kind of small, circular batteries that often go in watches or small household gadgets. If a button battery is in the ear, seek immediate medical attention. The chemicals inside can leak and can cause severe damage to the ear canal.  Seek urgent medical assistance if food or plant material is lodged in the ear. These swell when exposed to moisture, creating the possibility of damage to the ear. If you experience symptoms like swelling, fever, discharge, bleeding, hearing loss, dizziness, or rapidly increasing pain see a doctor right away....


Identify what type of goldfish you have. Look at the color. Notice the shape of the caudal fin. Observe its size.

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Different types of goldfish have different characteristics. Understanding what breed you have can help you determine the proper adult coloring and growth for your fish.  If your goldfish is metallic yellow or orange with white markings, it may be a common or comet goldfish. These are marked by their sharp, forked tail. If your goldfish is metallic yellow or orange but has a double, flowing tail, it may be a veiltail or a fantail. If your goldfish is black with bulging “telescope” eyes, it is probably a black moor. If your fish has calico markings, it is likely a shubunkin. These colors might include orange, white, gray, blue, and yellow with black speckles. The color of your goldfish can determine its age. It is very common for a goldfish to change color through the course of its life, although it is most common in the first year.  For most varieties of goldfish, a bronze or brown coloring may indicate that it is under a year old. If it has a gold metallic coloration, it is probably an adult between one or two and ten years of age.  Black Moor juveniles may be silver or dark gray before darkening to black as adults.  Shubunkins will be multiple colors, but blue is often the most prominent color in adults.  Some goldfish begin to turn white as they grow old. The caudal fin is the fin at the back of the fish. For most varieties of goldfish, this can indicate the age of the fish. A young goldfish will have a rounded caudal fin. The adult's caudal fin is sharply forked, and the points look well defined. Goldfish with flowing tails or double tails will not have a pronounced caudal fin. These include the veiltail and fantail varieties. Instead of changing shape, its tail will grow in length as it grows older. Veiltail's caudal fin can grow up to two inches long as an adult. If kept in proper tank or pond conditions, a common goldfish will be around 5 inches (12.7 cm) after a year and 9 inches (22.9 cm) after two years. You can eye your goldfish to see how large it has become.  If you keep your goldfish in a small...


Identify what you want to achieve through organization. Start developing organizational skills with small, practical steps. Work on the most pressing assignments first. Discard clutter. Use the one-touch rule. Put old documents you’ll need to consult again in folders. Find an appropriate storage space for necessary documents. Make checklists.

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Do you want to work faster?  Do you want to spend less time looking for documents or files?  Organizational skills can enhance many aspects of your workflow.  To help you stay focused on the best steps to remedy your disorganized work habits, think about what the end result of a more organized office or workspace might look like. The task of developing organizational skills can take time.  Break it into smaller, more manageable chunks to ease the burden.  Try to integrate at least one new organizational technique into your workflow each day.  For instance, you might start by organizing your desk drawer.  The next day, maybe you’ll start by organizing your storage folders and files.  The third day, you could try re-ordering your project queue so the work projects due soonest are on top. Think about your work space and find small ways to become more organized each day. Give each assignments or project a separate folder and order them by due date or importance.  After finishing a project, empty the folder and bin documents that you won’t need again. If you are unsure which assignments are most pressing, or need more time to work on something, ask your boss which tasks are absolutely crucial and which can be deferred. You probably have a lot of stuff in your cubicle or workspace that has nothing to do with your work.  Recycle it, throw it away, or take it home.  For instance, your takeout menu from the local Chinese joint should be recycled.  Even some work-related documents or items should be removed.  You don’t need two pairs of scissors or two staplers, for example.  Find an appropriate place for the extra stuff in your workspace. The one-touch rule demands that you either discard, file, or act on a given memo or document (by, for instance, replying to it) immediately.  By dealing with incoming documents immediately, you avoid a build-up of unread documents. Label each folder clearly according to its contents.   For instance, you might label one folder “Budget - 2012” and place everything related to the 2012...


Identify when your cat will be fertile. Know what mating entails. Plan for second mating, if necessary. Make sure your cat doesn't mate with any other toms.

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Cats will usually only be fertile during the spring and summer, though indoor cats who are exposed to a lot of artificial light may be fertile year round. Ovulation in cats is provoked by the act of mating, and if the cat doesn't ovulate, the cycle of fertile stages will probably repeat several times. Some cats won't demonstrate signs of this cycle in the presence of their owner, so pay attention to the tomcats in the neighborhood too - they will turn up when a female is in heat. The stages of the estrous cycle, excluding anestrus, which is when the cat isn't fertile in the winter are:  Proestrus - this stage may last one to two days, but may be as short as an hour, and isn’t seen in all cats. During this period, she may call to the tom, roll and rub on the ground, but won’t allow the tom near her. Estrus - this stage usually lasts about a week, and is when the queen should be taken to the tom for mating. The primary sign of this period is her vocal call to the male with a specific type of yowl. This sound is generally a short-ish, plaintive, hollow sounding yowl that sounds almost like “aah-roo-ugh?” (though it can vary between breeds, so be sure to check with a breeder who is familiar with your breed) and will be accompanied by the cat doing all she can to get to any toms in the area.   Interestrus - if the cat did not ovulate she will enter this period, which usually lasts about a week before estrous or estrus periods return. She will show no sign of reproductive activity during interestrus. The owner of the stud will usually take care of these arrangements, but knowing what to expect is a good idea. No reputable stud owner will hide any of his preparations from you, and you should check to make sure the owner knows what to do.  The tom needs a place to escape to just after mating takes place as the female often reacts viciously. Be prepared to hear a bloodcurdling shriek from the female - this is normal.  Immediately after mating, the female will probably frantically groom herself for about an hour,...


Identify where the itch is coming from. Check for an allergic reaction. Remove any ear plugs or hearing aids. Check for bugs.

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Is it coming from deep inside your ear canal, or does your ear itch on the outside on the cartilage or lobe? Internal itchiness could be an early indicator for a cold, for example, while external itchiness could be related to an allergic reaction to something in your environment.  If you recently had your ears pierced and you are experiencing itchiness or soreness in the lobe, you may have a mild infection in the new piercing. Make sure you handle your pierced ears with clean hands, and treat them with a cotton ball soaked in rubbing alcohol a few times a day. If the infection worsens or persists, see a doctor.  Dry skin on the outer ear can cause itchiness. If the dry skin appears on places like your ears, face, or scalp, it may be a common condition called seborrheic dermatitis. Simple over-the-counter dandruff shampoos or products with ingredients like salicylic acid, zinc, or coal tar can help treat this condition. Wash the affected area with a medicated shampoo or soap once or twice a day. You might be having a mild allergic reaction to something in your environment—even a new shampoo, or a new set of earrings. If you recently changed your hygiene routine or started using a new product, try eliminating that product or going back to what you did before. Read labels on all personal hygiene products. Make sure nothing you use contains any ingredients you have a history of reacting badly to. Your ears can react to allergens the same way as other parts of your body, so an allergic reaction could be causing your itchy ears. Sometimes, these devices can cause itching in the ear by trapping water in the ear canal. This can also lead to a mild infection over time.   If you wear either of these things regularly, take them out and clean them thoroughly. Allow them to dry completely before putting them back into your ear. Hearing aids need to be properly fitted to your ears. If they don’t fit properly, they might irritate the sensitive skin inside your ears and cause itchiness and irritation. It’s unlikely, but a...


Identify where the lizard is. Corner the lizard. Place a cardboard box along one edge of the wall.

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Some lizards can move fast, while others move slow.  If you find a lizard, you will need to act quickly to catch it.  If it scampers off -- behind a piece of heavy furniture, for instance -- you will need to wait for it to reappear before making your move. If the lizard is hiding out somewhere for a long time, you may need to resort to using a trap. Chase the lizard into a progressively smaller area.  You should move your hands around and toward it to guide it in a certain direction.  For instance, if you want it to go to the right, move your hand toward it from the left.  Keep it away from doors, windows, and air vents.  Direct it to an area free of clutter with a good line of sight.  When you’ve cornered the lizard, it will not be able to escape.  Slowly make your way towards the lizard. If it starts to run, stop moving and it will probably stop running. You can quirt cold water on a lizard to get it to slow down or stop entirely. The box should be open along one face.  Aim the open face of the box toward the lizard.  If the lizard is climbing a wall, you or a friend will need to hold the box in place along the lizard’s path.  Once the lizard has entered the box, cover it with another piece of cardboard to keep the lizard trapped within.  Ensure the lid has several small holes punched in it so the lizard can breathe. If the lizard is not interested in entering the dark cardboard box, you can direct the lizard into the box by shooing him inside gently with a broom.  Push the lizard toward the box with the broom, touching only its side, tail, and back legs. Do not hit the lizard with the broom.


Identify where you want to work. Consider your skills and your interests. Reflect upon your expectations, including whether you want to be part of a mission and what type of company you want to work for. Are there any family considerations?

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For some job seekers any job will do, however for the vast majority there are a number of considerations that need to be weighed before deciding where they want to work. By taking the time to think about yourself and what you want to do for a career, you will be starting your job search on the right foot. When considering your skills, think about what are you good at in a professional setting. Moreover, think about which industry these skills are best applicable to. It is also worthwhile to think about what you are interested in doing. If you are interested in your career, you are more likely to be fulfilled through it.  If you are good with people for instance, something in the customer service industry may fit you. If you enjoy fixing cars for instance, why not think about being a mechanic. Some individuals are looking for a job with a strong mission, such as helping others. Others are interested in a high starting salary. What type of mission appeals to you? In addition, you need think about what kind of company you would like to work for. Do you want to work for a large business or a small business? What about setting - urban or rural? Answering these questions can help you have a better idea of where you may want to apply. How much of a factor is your family in your decision? Do you want to live close to your family? If you have a spouse, how will your job search affect his or hers? You may want to coordinate with your family and loved ones while making these decisions.


Identify whether the baby is an altricial or precocial bird. Identify whether the baby is a nestling or a fledgling. If possible, put the baby bird back in the nest. Make a substitute nest, if necessary. If you’re sure the baby bird has been abandoned, call a bird rehabilitation center.

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The first thing you will need to do is identify whether this is an altricial bird or precocial bird. Altricial birds are those that are born with their eyes closed, without feathers and are completely dependent on their parents for food and heat. Most perching birds and songbirds are altricial birds, for example; robins, blue jays, and cardinals. Precocial birds are birds that are more developed upon being born, they hatch with their eyes open and have soft, downy feathers. They are capable of walking and immediately start following their mother around, pecking at food as they go. Examples of precocial birds include killdeer, ducks and geese.  Precocial birds are much easier to care for than altricial birds, but they are less likely to require help. Precocial birds usually make their nest at ground level, and so cannot fall out or be thrown from their nests. If you find a lost precocial chicks, make an effort to reunite it with its mother before taking it in. Newly hatched altricial birds are completely helpless, and will therefore require assistance. It is common to encounter altricial birds in suburban areas who have fallen or been thrown from their nest. In some cases, you will be able to put the baby back in its nest, in others you will have to care for it yourself. It is also acceptable to leave the baby bird where it is and let nature take it’s course. If you have encountered a baby perching or songbird who you suspect has fallen or been abandoned, you must first identify whether the baby is a nestling or a fledgling. Nestlings are baby birds who are too immature to leave the nest, as they have not fully developed their feathers and may not have opened their eyes. Fledglings are older baby birds who have developed the feathers and necessary strength to learn how to fly. They may leave the nest and they know how to perch and grip.  If the baby bird you have found is a nestling, it should not be out of the nest and something is definitely wrong. It may have fallen out of its nest or been pushed out by...


Identify whether the cardiac rhythm is regular or irregular. Figure out the heart rate. Listen for gallops.

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While palpating the pulse, establish which sound is the first one (S1). The S1 sound is the one that is synchronized with the pulse. Then you need to establish whether the rhythm is a regular one or an irregular one, by following the S1 sound. If the rhythm is irregular, an electrocardiogram must be taken immediately. By counting how many S1 sounds you hear in 10 seconds and then multiplying by 6, you will find out what the patient's heart rate is. If his resting heart rate is below 60 bpm or above 100 bpm, an electrocardiogram should also be taken and additional medication may follow.  You need to keep in mind that sometimes a patient’s pulse may not be identical with his heartbeat, like in atrial fibrillation. For this reason, it is preferable to listen to the patient’s heart without taking his pulse when assessing his cardiac rhythm and rate. By counting how many sounds you hear between the S1 sounds, you can establish if it is a gallop rhythm (when you hear an extra two or even three sounds between the S1 sounds). A gallop rhythm often indicates heart problems, but it is normal in children and athletes. A gallop is an extra heart sound that occurs following S2 (S3) or just before S1 (S4). The S3 and S4 heart sounds are best heard with the bell of the stethoscope.  An S3 is normal in patients under 40, but in older patients it may indicate left ventricular failure. It occurs during ventricular filling and is usually due to an enlargement of the ventricular chamber. The presence of an S3 indicates decreased contractility, myocardial failure, or volume overload of the ventricle. An S4  is due to decreased ventricular compliance, increased ventricular stiffness, and increased resistance. This can be heard in trained athletes or in  older adults. Causes of S4 include hypertensive heart disease, coronary artery disease,  aortic stenosis, and cardiomyopathy.


Identify whether the hibiscus plant is tropical or hardy. Feed the hibiscus with a potassium fertilizer in late fall/early winter. Care for the hibiscus plant throughout the fall months. Apply a heavy layer of mulch to the soil around the plant. Protect the hibiscus plants from frost. Transplant tropical hibiscus into pots.

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Before you make plans to winterize your hibiscus, it's important to identify whether it is a hardy or tropical variety. Hardy varieties can survive the winter outdoors in zones higher than 5(see tips for more info), but tropical varieties will need to be transplanted to a container and moved indoors once temperatures drop below 50 °F (10 °C).  Tropical varieties typically have dark, glossy leaves and smaller flowers. Their flowers are more likely to be bi-colored, but some solid color varieties do exist. Temperatures below 25 °F (−4 °C) will prove fatal to these plants. Hardy hibiscuses have rougher, duller leaves and huge blossoms. They are more resistant to cold temperatures than their tropical contemporaries. Feed the hibiscus plant with a potassium fertilizer in October or November to encourage profuse blooming the following year. Do not give it a nitrogen at this time - nitrogen will encourage new leafy growth that will only be damaged by cold weather or lost during the winter. Water the hibiscus generously once every week or two if it does not rain. Clear any fallen leaves and other debris away from the stems to help prevent disease.  These few extra steps in the fall will help them rebound in the spring to return with a flourish of lush green foliage and beautiful flowers. Once you have mulched the soil you will no longer have to perform these actions. Heavy layers of mulch will protect the hibiscuses from any unexpected dips in temperature.  Adding a layer of compost under the mulch may also help protect these plants.  Spread a 2- to 3-inch depth of organic mulch over the root zone but keep the mulch a few inches away from the stems. If it already has mulch around it, loosen the mulch with a rake and add new mulch, if necessary, to bring the total depth up to 2 to 3 inches (5.1 to 7.6 cm). The effects of freezing temperatures can be somewhat negated by using frost cloths. Areas that don't get a lot of frost can protect plants during uncharacteristically cold winters by using Christmas tree lights...


Identify whether what you and the other person feel is sexual attraction. Ask yourself if you or the other person feel love for the other. Realize that biology plays a role. Suggest doing different activities with the other person.

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Signs of lust might include focusing on each other’s appearance, having a relationships that revolves around sex, and little interest in having real conversations and getting to know the other person. Having a relationship based entirely on sexual attraction can work for a while, but things can become complicated if one partner feels love for the other while the other only feels lust. Love is usually coupled with sexual attraction, but love goes deeper. Think about whether you and the other person have long and deep conversations to really get to know each other and if you value each other’s happiness. Analyze if you want to be part of that person’s life by getting to know friends and family, and whether you feel romantic attachment to that person. Do you share similar values and interests? Do you feel a deep connection to that person? Some qualities you might find in a suitable partner include:  A commitment to personal growth and becoming a better person. An awareness of his or her own baggage or weaknesses. Emotional openness. Responsible and respectful. Integrity; he or she practices honesty with you, him or herself, and others. Loves because he or she feels good about him or herself, not in order to feel good about him or herself. Lust and romantic love are two of three brain systems that help explain universal human attitudes toward mating and reproduction. Sexual attraction, romantic love, and long-term feelings of attachment work together in different proportions to create feelings of love in a relationship. Try to find events that you would both enjoy. If it’s easy to find things that you love to do together, you might be on the way to love. If you have trouble finding anything to do together that doesn’t revolve around sex or the promise of sex, it’s a good guess that you’re just experiencing sexual attraction.


Identify which features you have. Use a small Victorinox pocket knife. Navigate a full-fledged Swiss Army knife. Unfold a lock blade knife.

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There are many models of Swiss Army knife, each with a unique set of included features. Each knife is designed for a certain type of user, from the casual urban bottle-opener to the serious survivalist. Knives fall into a few main categories: pocket knives, Swiss Army knives, and lock blade knives.  Some models include: classic, tinker, super tinker, angler, camper, huntsman, handyman, mechanic boy, rescue tool, and Swiss champ. They come in categories like everyday, sports and leisure, DIY, LED lights, outdoor, executive, gardening, multitool lights, and scouting. Read the manual. If you've just bought your Swiss Army knife, be sure to read about the tools that come with your particular knife model. Read about the repairs, maintenance, and correct functions of the tool. These knives are usually smaller than the standard model, and they contain fewer features. A pocket knife may contain all or some of the following tools:  Find the large blade, the nail file (with nail cleaner,) the scissors, and the key ring. Pull tweezers and a plastic toothpick from the end of the knife handle. Find the nail file, the end of which is a flat-head screwdriver. Look for a bottle opener with attached nail file. Unfold the Phillips screwdriver, and look for the wire stripper. Some pocket knives even feature a bright LED, a ballpoint pen, and a USB drive. This is the knife type with the most potential features. Some Swiss Army knifes come with as few as four tools, while others are packed with up to 38 unique functions. The standard model may contain all or some of the following tools:  Find the large blade and the small blade, the corkscrew, the key-ring, and the can opener. Pull tweezers and a toothpick from the end of the knife handle. Some knives include more delicate tools like a scissors, a magnifying glass, a sewing eye, a stainless steel pin, and a pressurized ballpoint pen. Check for a bottle opener with screwdriver and wire stripper. Look for the nail file with metal file and nail cleaner. Find the pliers, which...


Identify which number is larger. Decide whether your answer will be positive or negative. Find the gap between the two numbers.

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A problem such as 15 - 9 will need a different visualization technique than a problem like 2 - 30.  In the problem 15 - 9, the first number, 15, is larger than the second, 9. In the problem 2 - 30, the second number, 30, is larger than the first, 2. If the first number is larger, the answer is positive. If the second number is larger, the answer will be negative.  In the first problem, 15 - 9, your answer will be positive because the first number is larger than the second. In the second problem, 2 - 30, your answer will be negative because the second number is larger than the first. In order to subtract the two numbers, you'll have to visualize the gap between the two numbers and count the numbers in between.  For the problem 15 - 9, visualize a pile of 15 poker chips. Remove 9 of them and you'll see that 6 of them remain. Therefore, 15 - 9 = 6. You can also think of a number line. Think of the numbers from 1 to 15 and then remove or go back 9 units to get 6. For the problem 2 - 30, the easiest thing to do is to reverse the numbers and then make the answer negative after you've subtracted them. So, 30 - 2 = 28, since 28 is just two less than 30. Now, make your answer negative since you determined at the beginning that it would be negative because the second number is larger than the first. Therefore, 2 - 30 = -28.


Identify who had access to the intellectual property. Document the infringement. Check the website on whois. Analyze whether there has been “fair use. Determine how much the infringement costs you. Send a Cease and Desist letter. Contact the authorities.

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In order to prove theft, you will need to establish that the defendant had access to the work. If the intellectual property is online, then virtually anyone with an internet connection could access it. By contrast, if you have a trade secret, then you should have limited access to the trade secret to certain people in your business. Accordingly, you should look to see who in the organization handled the trade secret. You will want to document each time someone uses your trademark or copyrighted work. Also, you should document any use of your trade secret.  Take screen captures if the infringement occurs online. Make sure to take one capture for each day that it appears online. If someone has printed off your work from the internet and is using it offline (to sell, for example), then you should get a copy of what the person is selling or distributing. For example, if you are a photographer and someone else is selling your copyrighted photos at a flea market, then you could buy a photo from the infringer and keep it as proof. Always document the dates on which you notice the unauthorized use. If someone has stolen a trade secret and is using it, then keep a sample of the product and note the days on which it has been sold. Be mindful, however, that it is not illegal to “reverse engineer” the secret. For example, if you use a special sauce in your restaurant, someone can buy a jar of the sauce from you and, through experimentation, figure out your recipe. If they do this, they can then use the recipe themselves. If the defendant is infringing your work by posting it on a website, you can find out who owns the website. This directory will tell you who has registered that domain, and provide you with their address, phone number, email address, and IP address. ” Not every instance of copying your work will qualify as theft or infringement. Before you decide to bring a lawsuit, you should consider whether this exception applies. “Fair use” is a copyright exception that allows “limited and reasonable uses of the...


Identify why you are concerned about your nose. Figure out who or what influences your thinking. Think about social situations where you feel comfortable with your nose. Recognize when you are having extreme thoughts about your appearance.

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People tend to be influenced by their surroundings and the opinions of others. Maybe someone made an unkind remark about your nose to you one day, or you suddenly noticed an imperfection on your nose that bothers you. Or, you are focusing on the noses of others, like those of your friends or a famous model. Write down your thoughts about your nose. Ask yourself what it is you dislike about your nose. Is it too long, too big, too small, too square, too round? This will help you identify what judgments you’re making about yourself. Unfortunately, people can say unkind things to you, even people close to you like friends or family. One of the first steps to combatting negative body image is recognizing who is saying unkind words to you. Because these are likely people you trust, you are probably taking their words to heart. Consider the extent to which you may be influenced by society’s expectations and ideas about the perfect nose. You also may be hyper-aware of noses in magazines, online, and on TV. This might be when you're around your parents or your close friends. Or when you doing an activity or sport that you love, as you are not focusing on your nose at all. You might feel comfortable around certain people because you know they accept and love you, including your nose. They see all of your beautiful aspects. Keep this in mind as you go out into the world. There are people who accept you for who you are and what you look like. Often, negative thoughts come from imagining the most extreme or worst case scenario. Focusing just on your nose and making it the centerpiece of your life is an extreme behavior. There are so many other aspects of you that make you the way you are. For example, extreme thinking would be if you feel like you need to layer on a lot of makeup to downplay your nose before going out in public. In reality, people will likely not notice your nose at all.


Identify why you are confronting the person. Evaluate what you are thinking and feeling. Decide what you want to say. Write your main points down on paper and rehearse them. Allow your anger to subside before your confrontation. Remember the positive aspects of confrontation. Visualize a positive and productive outcome to your confrontation.

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Before you confront someone, it is important to identify why you are confronting the person and also consider if confrontation is the most effective manner in which to handle the issue. Understand that confrontation isn’t about starting a fight, it’s about addressing and resolving issues that are causing tension. It is important to identify the REAL issue that is inciting this confrontation. People tend to project emotions or moods onto other people or other situations. Before you decide to confront someone, take the time to parse out what the issue is that you want to approach and why you feel like a face-to-face confrontation is the best way to go about resolving this issue. Try to separate your feelings about the issue you want to talk about from other confounding situations or emotions that aren’t relevant to the discussion at hand. When you do finally have your confrontation, the only statements you should make are ones that are directly relevant to the issue that spurred your confrontation.   Separate problems from emotions. For example, are you upset because your coworker forgot to turn in a report and caused you an extra 6 hours of work on a Friday evening? Or are you upset because you got stuck with extra work that you won’t get credit for? Don’t bring up any issues or vendettas from the past. Past actions or feelings that are not directly related to the issue at hand have no place in your confrontation. Don’t start to throw in other frustrations that you’ve kept bottled up. You will want to explain to the person what happened, what you heard, what they did, etc. that you want to talk about. You will also want to explain why you feel the need to talk about it, and how it made you feel. Here is an example of how you may want to frame your confrontation using “I statements”:  “I heard from one of our colleagues that you told our boss I didn’t put in my fair share of work on the project.” (What you heard) “I feel like I worked really hard and I’m really confused as to why you said this.” (Why you want...


Identify why you are feeling down. Complete a few items on your to-do list. Practice gratitude and positivity.

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You may need to do a little self-assessment to determine why you are in a bad mood.  Identifying the source of your mood gives you the opportunity to address the problem.  Sometimes the answer may be an easy fix (like you feel hungry or lonely), but you may find that there is a bigger reason behind your mood that has no “quick fix.” If you find that the cause of your bad mood is a bigger problem that you do not feel equipped to deal with, find a therapist who can help you work through your feelings and make long-term changes to your outlook on life. Many people find themselves in a bad mood when they are overwhelmed with a long list of items to do for work or daily life.  Getting some items done, even if they just put a small dent in your long list, may make you feel better.  Evaluate your list and see if there are one or two items that could be completed quickly.  Crossing off these items can make you feel better and may give you the momentum to tackle a larger item. Reflect on your day or your week and think about (or better yet, write down) the good things that happened.  Focusing on the positive aspects of your life and acknowledging your gratitude for the gifts of people and things in your life can make you feel happier.


Identify why you are unhappy. Contact the business. Work your way up the chain of command. Remain polite but firm. Learn your rights. Write a letter of complaint to the business. Contact the manufacturer instead.

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Before complaining, you should know why you are unhappy with the product or service you received. Why you want a refund will potentially determine whether you get one.  Was the product defective? If so, the merchant should give you a refund. Was the product not as advertised? If so, you should get a refund. Did you simply change your mind? If so, then whether you get a refund will depend on the store’s policies. However, in the U.K., you have up to 14 days to change your mind if you purchased something online or over the phone. Call up the business or visit and tell them that you are unhappy with the product or service. If necessary, you can send an email instead of calling on the phone. Don’t delay, since some retailers have time limits on returns (e.g., 14 days).  Be clear with your complaint. State why you are unhappy. For example, you can say, “This coffee pot doesn’t work.” Also state you want a refund. The company might try to give you something else, such as store credit, if you aren’t clear. Realize that the first person you speak to might not be able to help you. Chances are they are reading from a script and have limited authority to give refunds. Ask to speak with a supervisor if a clerk can’t help you. Politely tell the clerk, “Is there someone else can I speak with?” Wait patiently for the clerk to get the supervisor or manager.  Explain again that you want a refund and why. Be consistent with your story. Don’t tell one person one thing and then tell another person something else. When you complain, be as brief as possible. Longer stories sound suspicious. Write down the name of every person you speak to and provide a short summary of what they tell you. You will get the best results if you avoid becoming too angry. Nevertheless, you should remain firm in your convictions. Remind yourself: “I have the right to quality service” and don’t let a “No” scare you away.  Avoid personal insults or any complaint that you spend a lot of money at the store. Staff is unlikely to take you seriously, and you...


Identify why you’re going to ask your girlfriend’s parents for her hand in marriage. Meet your girlfriend’s parents before asking. Arrange a meeting with her parents. Choose the location in which to meet her parents.

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Before going forward with the process -- which can be difficult under some circumstances -- you should know the consequences of a “yes” or “no” answer from you girlfriend’s parents.  There are two conditions under which you’d ask for your girlfriend’s parents to marry:  You might be asking for permission to marry.  In other words, if your girlfriend’s parents say no to the marriage, she will obey their wishes and reject any marriage offer from you. You might be asking for your girlfriend’s parents approval.  This is distinct from the request for permission.  Asking for approval of the marriage means that they support the marriage of you and your girlfriend.  If denied, your girlfriend may or may not accept a marriage proposal.  Even if she remains open to the possibility of marriage, you might not want to go forward with the process.  If you do end up getting married, prepare for some awkward family get-togethers at the very least. You should be comfortable around your girlfriend’s parents before asking them for permission to marry.  They, likewise, will feel more comfortable granting approval to the marriage if you are not meeting them for the first time when asking their permission to marry their daughter. If you have not had the opportunity to meet your girlfriend’s parents before deciding to ask them for her hand in marriage, wait until after you have to ask for their permission to marry. When presenting them with news that their daughter might get married, it is important to meet them face-to-face.  This demonstrates that you take seriously the notion of marriage and the proposal process.  Ask them to meet you for a brief afternoon outing.  If they ask why you want to get together, then you could say something like, "I have something important that I want to talk to you about." Do not call your girlfriend’s parents on the phone to express your intentions for marriage or ask them for permission over the phone, unless you have no other option. Asking in person is the best option. Do not send an email or a...


Identify wild daisies by their radial white flowers and yellow center. Know wild lilies by their 6-petal structure and brown stamen. Recognize Trilliums by their large, bell-shaped flower. Identify wild strawberries by their 5 small white petals. Pick out the common wild yarrow by its clusters of small flowers. Notice wild poppy flowers by their overlapping red-orange flowers.

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Daisies grow in every continent aside from Antarctica. Many small, linear, white flowers grow from the same stem, and their leaves are linear and grass-like. Typically, their leaves are a medium shade of green. Most daisies grow in groups about 2–3 in (5.1–7.6 cm) tall and 1–2 in (2.5–5.1 cm) feet wide.  The leaves on wild daisies are usually dark green. These plants are very adaptable, making it easy for them to grow in nearly every country. You can find over a dozen lily species across the world. These types of wildflowers also come in a wide variety of colors, from whites and yellows to purples and oranges. While color may not be a ruling factor, the linear shape of the petals and the brown stamens are sure giveaways that you found a type of lily. Lilies typically have skinny, linear, bright green leaves, and the plants vary in size based on particular species.  You can find varying species of wild lilies all across the world. In particular, they grow well in temperate, tropical areas in Europe, Asia, and North America. Glacier lilies are bright yellow and face upside down. Leopard lilies are spotted brown and yellow. Trillium flowers come in a variety of colors, including white, maroon, yellow, and pink. There are over 40 species found across the globe. These flowers commonly have a yellow center and bell-shaped leaves. These plants commonly grow between 12–16 in (30–41 cm) tall. Trillium leaves are usually medium to dark green in color.  For instance, the painted trillium has a maroon “V” that looks painted onto the petals. Trilliums grow throughout most of the United States, Canada, and East Asia. Wild strawberries are an easy-to-spot springtime flower found throughout the world. In the spring, you can recognize the plant by their white petals and jagged leaves. Trillium leaves are typically triangular in shape. The leaves are usually in groups of 3, and they have a green top and pale green bottom. The leaflets each grow to about 3 in (7.6 cm) long and 1.5 in (3.8 cm) in wide.  In the late summer, the...


Identify your company’s mission. Describe the benefits of your goods or services. Ask customers how they see your company. Identify the qualities you want to convey. Research your clients’ habits.

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What problem has your business concept been created to address? For example, a fashion designer who makes maternity clothes is probably trying to provide stylish clothes to expectant mothers, which is an underserved market. Based on this example, you can already see the outlines of a brand: stylish, relatively young, and feminine. What are consumers taking away? On the one hand, they get a product or service. However, try to identify any other intangible qualities. For example, women who buy stylish maternity clothes feel comfortable and sexy at the same time. Every company has a brand, whether intentional or not, because consumers already associate emotions and values with your company. Ideally, you’ll build on top of your current brand, but you need to find out what it is. The easiest way is to ask current customers to complete a survey.  A cheap survey method is to use Survey Monkey. On your receipt, you can print the URL for the survey so customers can complete it. Ask consumers what words they would associate with your business. Also ask what frame of mind they are in when they visit your store, and how they feel when they leave. It’s one thing to find out how your current customers see you. However, you might want to be seen differently. For example, a designer of maternity clothes might want their clothes to be seen as sporty, not sexy. Identify the cluster of emotions and sensations you want clients to attribute to your goods or services. Your consumers reveal a lot based on their buying behavior. For example, if you sell wine online, your clients might buy it before buying expensive or cheap items. This buying behavior can tell you how they view your brand.  If you create a website, you can see which websites people visit directly before and after yours. Alternately, you can ask customers in a survey what other stores they regularly shop at.


Identify your core values Find a purpose for your life Identify your personal strengths Pursue your passions Decide if you’re an early bird or night owl to be more productive. Determine if you’re an extrovert, introvert, or ambivert to guide your social life.

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so that you can live by them. Think about what’s important to you in life, as well as the behaviors you admire in others. Then, try to remember the best days of your life and what you were doing those days. Use this to create a list of your core values, which are the things you care about the most. For example, you may value helping others, keeping an open mind, and sharing what you have. by figuring out what drives you. Think about the things in your life that make you take action, such as things that get you excited. Then, imagine yourself 5, 10, 15, and 20 years in the future, and write down what you hope to have accomplished. Next, consider what you’re willing to sacrifice for, as well as how you can best use the skills you have to contribute to the world. This can help you find your purpose.  You may feel like you have more than 1 purpose, and that’s okay. Your purpose may change as you get older and learn more about yourself. As an example, your purpose may be to inspire others through your music or to help people by getting a nursing degree. and talents so you can use them. Consider what you’re best at doing, as well as what comes easily to you. Make a list of these skills and abilities so you know your strengths. Then, choose which strengths and talents are most important to you so you can continue to build them. For instance, you might find that you’re good at writing, playing soccer, and taking care of your younger siblings. You might attend a writing workshop to get better at it, or you might go to soccer camp. Similarly, babysitting might be a way to earn extra money. and hobbies to bring yourself happiness. Make a list of the things that draw your attention, including activities and things. Then, figure out how you can incorporate these interests into your life. Spend time on your passions or hobbies as often as you can, ideally every day.  For example, some of your interests might include music, jewelry, and tattoos. You could learn an instrument or start a vinyl collection, learn to make...


Identify your cushion fabric. Check all tags for cleaning instructions. Pre-clean your cushions with a vacuum cleaner. Test your cleaner before applying it. Pre-treat heavily stained or soiled areas. Check the cushions for color fastness.

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Different fabrics and materials require different cleaning agents. Additionally, some fabrics should be handled or cleaned in a particular way for best results, and some might even need to be dried a particular way. Some common fabrics used in couches include:  Cotton blend Leather Linen Vinyl The tags on your couch or couch cushions will usually provide you with advice as to what kind of fabric you are dealing with and how that fabric can be best cleaned. Some common abbreviations you might see on your tags include:  W: Use water-based detergent. S: Clean with water-free products, for example, dry cleaning solvent. WS: Either water-based cleaner or water-free cleaner is OK. X: Professional cleaning only, though vacuuming is acceptable. You'll want to remove all loose dust, hair, and any other crud that may have accumulated in the nooks and crannies of your couch cushions before using any kind of liquid cleaner. For most fabric types, a vacuum cleaner can be used to remove dirt and hair.  Most vacuum cleaners have one or more upholstery attachments with a soft brush attachment. Make use of these for best results.  If you lack a vacuum cleaner, unzip the cushion cover, take it outside, and shake it thoroughly. Make sure to vacuum under and around the cushions, as well. Keeping your entire couch clean and free of crumbs and dust will help protect your cushions. Whenever you use a new cleaner or even a cleaning agent you are familiar with on a new piece of furniture, you should test it first. Choose a small spot that is out of sight and use a small amount of cleaner to see if it will damage the fabric. In most home supply or cleaning sections of stores you can find pre-wash cleaning sprays for furniture. Use these on your cushion and allow the spray to sit for as long as the label directs, or gently dab the stain with a damp sponge and mild detergent, allowing the solution to set for several minutes before moving on to the next phase in your cleaning efforts. You can apply a wet paste of water and detergent to...


Identify your different options. Calculate the potential returns on each option. Choose the best option. Calculate the opportunity cost.

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When faced with a choice between two options, calculate the potential returns of both options.  Since you can only choose one option, you forfeit the potential returns from the other option.  That loss is your opportunity cost.  For example, suppose your company has $100,000 in extra funds, and you have to decide between investing in securities or purchasing new capital equipment. If you decide to invest in the securities, you may see a return on that investment.  But, you forfeit any profit you might have earned from purchasing new equipment. On the other hand, if you decide to purchase new equipment, you may see a return on that investment in the form of increased sales.  But, you forfeit any profit you might have earned from investing in the securities. Research each option and estimate the financial return on each.  In the above example, suppose the expected return on the investment in the stock market is 12 percent.  Your potential return is $12,000.  The new equipment, on the other hand, might result in a 10 percent increase in your profit margin.  Your potential return for that investment would be $10,000. Sometimes the best option is not the most lucrative, especially in the short term.  Decide which option is best for you based on long term goals, not just on the potential return.  The company in the above example may choose to invest the funds in new equipment instead of the stock market.  Although the stock market investment has the higher potential return in the short term, the new equipment will allow them to increase efficiency and lower opportunity costs.  This will have a long term impact on their profit margin. The opportunity cost is the difference between the most lucrative option and the chosen option.  In the above example, the most lucrative option is investing in the securities, which has a potential return of $12,000.  The option the company chose, however, was to invest in new equipment, for a return of $10,000.  The opportunity cost = most lucrative option – chosen option....


Identify your financial goals. Every financial goal you establish should be SMART. Save for a house. Buy a car Build rainy-day fund Get out of debt Pay for living expenses. Get insured. Give back.

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Part of managing your money is not only covering your current expenses, but also paying off debt and saving for the future.  If you don’t learn self-control and how to manage your money, then you will have to rely on others to manage it for you.  Commission-hungry financial planners or well-meaning family members may not always have your best interest in mind or offer the best advice.  Instead of relying on others, take the first step in planning a budget by setting realistic, specific goals. SMART goals are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time Framed.  Separate your financial goals into short-term (less than a year), medium-term (one to five years), and long-term (over five years) goals. For example, suppose you have a medium-term goal of saving a $4,500 down payment for a car you want to purchase when you graduate from college in three years.  This gives you 36 months to save for the down payment.  Therefore, you must save $125 per month ($4,500 / 36 months = $125 per month). This goal is specific: You are saving for the car. This goal is measurable: You know you want to save $4,500. This goal is achievable: You know you need $125 per month. This goal is relevant: You are going to need a car. This goal is time-framed: You have 36 months to save. If plan to own a house sometime in your future, you must start saving up.  The bank will not lend you money without a down payment.  You can’t borrow a down payment.  You have to have it in savings.  You will need at least five percent of the value of the house as a down payment.  In addition, it would be smart to save an additional five percent to cover additional expenses when purchasing a home, such as closing costs and renovation expenses.  This means saving a total of 10 percent of the value of the home you wish to be able to purchase. For example, if you wish to be able to purchase a $200,000 home, you would need to save $20,000 ($200,000 x .10 = $20,000). .  In order to get a car loan at a reasonable interest rate, you need to save up a down...


Identify your goal in cleaning a room. Set aside a certain amount of time. Prevent interruptions and motivate yourself. Survey the landscape, quickly. Prioritize your tasks.

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Cleaning means different things to different people. You’re going to have to identify, first, exactly what you want to do. When deciding on your goal, think of the audience. Do you just want it to be clean for yourself, or for guests? Also, the level of “clean” will necessarily be restricted by the amount of time you devote, so keep that in mind. There are a few different possibilities:  You want the room to “look” clean to others. This might be the quickest option, as you'll just be creating the illusion of a clean and organized room. It might include just moving around clutter and wiping down furniture and be doable in under 30 minutes. You want the room to be organized. This is a moderate option that could take up to an hour, depending on how much stuff is cluttering the room and needs to be put away. You want the room to be organized and to be free of dirt, grime, and smells. This could take up to 2 hours, depending on a variety of factors. There are also varying levels between the above options. You’re going to have to set aside a certain amount of time to achieve your goal. One of the largest determinants of how much time you set aside will be your end goal. But before you come up with an amount of time, you need to ask yourself a few questions:  How much time do you have? How large is the mess? What is your definition of “quick”? Take a few steps to make sure that you’re undisturbed so that you can devote all of your energy to cleaning. After all, you won’t be able to get much done if you’re constantly talking to people, answering the phone, or doing other activities. In addition, you can take a few steps to further motivate yourself. Consider the following:  Turn off your cell phone. Turn off your computer. Tell your parents, siblings, or roommates that you’re going to be busy for a little while. Put on some music that gets you pumped up. Spend perhaps five minutes taking a look at the mess that you’re about to clean up. When doing this, you need to create a list, either mental or on paper, of the...


Identify your goals. Gather resources. Ask for help. Implement your plan.

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Think about what you want to achieve in the long-run. Think in terms of your education, your career, and your family. Break your goals into logical steps by thinking of which goals you will have to achieve first in order to keep going. Apply this principle to all your goals: break them down into more manageable steps. Make sure your goals are specific, measurable, time-based and achievable. This will help you measure your progress and keep you from feeling disappointed if you don’t achieve goals that were unrealistic in the first place.  If you are particularly inspired by your role models and want to achieve something similar to them, read their biography. Look at their milestones and how they achieved them. Some of this information may not be readily available and you will have to do your own research. For example, if you are looking to break into the cosmetics industry, you will have to research different methods of doing so. Consider contacting local makeup artists or contacting persons who design makeup for further guidance. Sometimes plans don’t turn out exactly as we want them to because of circumstances beyond our control or because something else inspires you along the way. That’s okay: find another way to achieve your goal. Make allowances in your plan for setbacks. If you read up on your role model’s history, you’ll find that they didn’t always have smooth sailing either.  Consider setting aside an afternoon to draft your long-term plan. Make a list of what you need to achieve your goals. Calculate how much your resources will cost you. The amount of money you spend will depend on the scale of your goal. Take a look at your budget and see if there are ways of reducing your costs. Consider purchasing items second hand or renting them instead of purchasing them. For example, if you have a low budget and you’re pursuing an education, considering getting second-hand textbooks.  If your goal is a large scale project that is out of your budget such as setting up a bespoke bakery, consider taking a loan...


Identify your hair type. Know your mousse options. Make your own mousse.

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Hair comes in a variety of textures and thicknesses. Hair can be thick, thin, straight, wavy, kinky, curly, dry, oily or any combination of these qualities. Mousse should be suitable for almost all hair types,  however,  because of its relatively light "hold," coarser, heavier hairs can be difficult to style with it. Here are some tips to guide your mousse usage if you have the following types of hair:  Thin hair: Apply liberally to roots for added lift and volume. Oily hair: Shower before applying. Allow shampoo to sit in your hair for several minutes before rinsing. Thick, coarse, or curl hair: Consider applying a lightweight, relaxing balm to soften your hair and control any unruly frizz. Fine and/or dry hair: Use a conditioning mousse with extra hold. Not all mousses are created equal. Though an average, well-rounded mouse ought to suit nearly all hairdos, certain specially-formulated mousses offer advantages for a variety of hairstyles. Here are just a few types of mousse you'll encounter if you go shopping at your local hair salon or beauty supply store:  Mousse with extra hold - for windy days or especially unruly hair. Conditioning mousse - for repairing and styling dry or damaged hair. Scented mousse - many mousses have delicious perfume scents added - choose the one that smells best to you. Mousse gel - a hybrid styling product that offers greater hold for your hair without the heaviness of traditional hair gels. Thermal care mousse - specially designed to work in conjunction with blow dryers or curling irons. If you're adventurous, it's very easy to make a good mousse in your own kitchen! Break two eggs, separating the whites into a bowl. Beat the whites with a whisk. At you beat the egg, air is forced into it, giving it a light, fluffy texture. Beat the whites until they're fluffy and form stiff peaks. Now, it's just a matter of styling your hair with the egg like you'd use normal mousse. Rub the mixture in your hair and let it dry briefly, then style to your heart's content! Don't worry - if you...


Identify your ideal host country. Learn the basics of your future host country language. Determine if your desired host country accepts your education level. Apply for a passport and visa as necessary.

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While some programs make no promises about the exchange destination, it’s still worth selecting the country you’d like to visit.  Isolating the country can help prepare you for the various paperwork, financial obligations, educational requirements, and language hurdles. The language requirements vary depending on your destination and on the program you're applying to. In some situations you may need to be fluent to survive, while in others just the language basics will be sufficient to get you started.  While the expectation is language skills will improve abroad because of complete immersion, there will still need to be some understanding of the host language.  In general, one year or foreign language study in high school, or an intensive summer program, is required for preparation.   Practice the language with a pen-pal.   Locate a pen-pal from your future host country.  In years past, foreign pen pals were much more difficult to find.  Now it’s just a matter of registering for any number of pen-pal websites, searching a database, and initiating correspondence. Different countries have different study and live abroad options open to high school and college students.  Research if where you’d like to live accepts your age group and/or scholastic level.  Study abroad while in high school may be a bigger transition than in college, with more language and social difficulties. Some countries you may go to will require a passport, and others will require both a passport and visa.  It may also depend on your country of origin and its political affiliation with a potential host country.  You’ll need to view a government-sponsored website that lists specific requirements when visiting foreign countries.  Be aware the some countries require submission of paperwork or travel to their specific consulate in order to receive appropriate passport and visa stamps.  Note that some countries have visa requirements based upon the length of time you intend to stay in their country.


Identify your limits. Set clear boundaries Be polite Give a compliment Control your cocktails.

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Take some time to identify your personal limits to help you better engage with your in-laws. Think about types of situations tend to stress you out and what makes you feel uncomfortable.  For example, do you get stressed when you have been around people for too long? Do you feel uncomfortable in large group settings? Are there certain topics you prefer to avoid? Make a list of your social limitations and boundaries so that you can express these needs to your in-laws. . If you know what your boundaries are, then you can set boundaries by expressing your needs to others in an assertive way. Tell your in-laws about your boundaries in an assertive way and reinforce those boundaries as needed.  For example, you might say, “I prefer to spend time in small groups. Being in a large group of people overwhelms me.” Or, “I am not a fan of camping.” If your in-laws press you on your boundaries, then you can give a firm reminder by saying something like, “Remember when I mentioned that I don't like large groups? This is the type of situation I was talking about.” Or, “No, I would prefer not to go camping for our family vacation.” When setting boundaries, be sure to set them together with your spouse. Setting boundaries in this manner will help emphasize clearly what your needs are, which is further enhanced when your spouse is helping to back up these requests. . Politeness is paramount when interacting with your future in-laws. Let them see what a nice person you are by behaving politely when you are around them. If you don't demonstrate manners from the beginning, your relationship with your in-laws could be off to a rocky start. Generally, whatever you learned in kindergarten is a good rule to follow: share the speaking floor, say “please” and “thank you,” and be respectful. . Compliments automatically make people feel more comfortable and can often be an excellent launching pad for conversation. Show your respect for your in-laws by letting them know that you appreciate them.  Tell your fiancé's mom how much you like...


Identify your most vulnerable locations. Look for obscured entrances when considering your camera placement. Test your lighting to ensure you can record clear footage in the dark. Check security camera placement laws so you don’t invade privacy.

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Vulnerable locations are locations that could be easy targets for burglars or criminals, like dimly lit areas or infrequently traveled spaces. This could be your back porch or driveway, for example. You want to put your camera in strategic locations so you can stay safe and catch criminals. Obscured areas are places around your home with limited visibility, such as windows or doors. Place your camera in these obscured spots so you can record from different perspectives.  Nest cameras provide you the ability to see discreetly, so place them where you can improve your sight. For example, perhaps a branch or tree is blocking half of your dining room window. You could place your camera on this branch to view from this perspective. Place your camera in a location, record during the night time, and see how your footage looks. Can you clearly see everything in the picture? Are there blind spots? You can either reposition the camera or add another light source, depending on your location. If your camera has night vision abilities, then its lighting should be adequate at all times of the day. It is legal to record videos indoors and outside, generally speaking, as long as you are within your home or filming in public. These laws vary from country to country, and even state to state, so research online before you record without consent.  In the United States, many states have laws against violating privacy when recording, like in bathrooms or personal bedrooms. There are different laws if your intent is based on distributing recordings, selling your videos, or using footage in court. Make sure to research this accordingly.


Identify your need for an escrow account. Read your purchase agreement. Find an escrow agent yourself. Gather necessary information. Visit the escrow company. Receive your escrow number.

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An escrow account holds money, much like a bank account, except the money is held with an escrow company. The escrow company will only release the money once certain conditions are met. Escrow accounts are most commonly used in real estate transactions. When the conditions for the sale are satisfied, the escrow agent will release the money to the seller. In this way, the escrow agent guarantees the transaction, making sure each side fulfills its obligations. You create an escrow account with an escrow agent. The real estate agent typically names the escrow company you should use in the purchase agreement. Find your purchase agreement and read it to find the name of the escrow company you should use. If you are using an agent to buy or sell a home, then the agent should handle setting up the escrow account. You might be selling your home in a “private sale,” which means you are not using a real estate agent. In this situation, you will need to find an escrow agent. You can find an escrow agent in the following ways:  Ask your bank if they provide an escrow service. Search online for escrow agents. You can type “escrow company” and “your city” into your favorite search engine. You can call the phone number provided. Contact a title insurance agency. Sometimes they will create an escrow account. You will need to provide the escrow company with certain information so that they can open the account. The information might vary slightly from company to company, but you generally will need to provide the following:  seller’s name and address buyer’s name and address purchase price, address, and a description of the property termite report information, such as who will do the inspection financing information rent, if any any personal property involved in the sale amount of deposit to be held in the escrow account Set up a meeting so that you can complete necessary paperwork. Either the purchaser or the seller can open an escrow account, although sellers typically do. You need to take the deposit with you. You will...


Identify your negative thoughts to keep demons from gathering. Think positively to drive demons away. |Meditate to control your emotions and take away power from demons. Talk to someone about your negative thoughts so you can control them.

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Many people believe that demons feed off of negative energy, which means that you can get rid of demons by learning how to control your energy. That starts with recognizing and controlling your negative thoughts. If you’re able to recognize them, then you can counteract them.  For example, if you look in a mirror and find yourself thinking that you’re ugly or a failure, take a moment to reflect and realize that these are negative thoughts. Even if negative thoughts happen automatically, you can learn to recognize them so you can stop them. Over time, you’ll get better at catching and preventing negative thoughts from happening. Whenever you identify or recognize that you’re having negative thoughts, try to replace them with positive thoughts. If demons feed off of negative energy and thoughts, then positive thoughts will get rid of them. For instance, if you’re looking in a mirror and you realize that you’re thinking something negative about yourself, like you don’t like your nose or your skin, try replacing it with something positive by focusing on what you do like about yourself. If you let demons scare you or make you angry, they can use that energy to gain strength and power over you. To keep them weak and drive them away, practice meditation and clear your mind of negative emotional responses like fear and anger. Focus on a positive mental image, like a peaceful sunrise, so you can radiate positive energy. Don’t let demons consume your thoughts by worrying about them all of the time, or you’re giving them exactly what they want: control over your mind. It may be helpful for you to talk to a priest, pastor, friend, or therapist about the negative thoughts that you’re having. They may be able to help you deal with them and keep them from coming back. Prayer is also a form of communication that may allow you to talk to a higher power about your negative emotions and thoughts.


Identify your negative thoughts. Replace negative thoughts with positive ones. Distract yourself from your negative thoughts.

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When you are away from your loved one, take note of any negative thoughts, assumptions, and beliefs that come into your head. Write them down or express them to someone like a therapist or close friend. Knowing what kind of negative thoughts you might expect can help you manage them. Keeping a daily journal can help you get in the habit of recording your thoughts and feelings. When you have identified these negative thoughts, replace them with positive ones or disprove the beliefs that you feel. Controlling your negative thoughts and replacing them with positive ones may help to calm you down.  For example, if your loved one leaves and you think “I may never see her again,” replace that negative thought with a positive one, such as, “I will see her when she gets home from work. We will eat dinner together and watch a movie." Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a treatment plan for depression and/or anxiety that may help you replace negative thoughts with positive ones. Ask your doctor or therapist about beginning treatment. When you begin to feel anxious and start thinking negative thoughts, you will only feel more anxious.  To keep yourself from dwelling on negative thoughts, distract yourself by:  Engaging in an activity like a hobby you enjoy Focusing on completing work or household chores Taking a walk or exercise Visiting a place you enjoy, such as a museum or the movies


Identify your negativity triggers. Only keep supportive friends. Give less weight to what other people say. Stop comparing yourself to others. Stay busy. Don't sweat small stuff.

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What puts you in a dark mood? What makes you feel bad? Identify the things that make you spiral into negative emotional states, so you can plan how to attack those triggers and get rid of them from your life.  Do you get angry or upset at a particular time of day? When a particular event happens? When you're around a particular person? What makes you angry? Maybe you just have trouble feeling positive about much of anything. If you struggle to approach even your vacation day with a positive attitude, you might want to get checked out for signs of depression and talk to your doctor. If someone in your life doesn't contribute to your mental well-being, they don't have a place in your life. People who stress you out, criticize you, or bring you down are a waste of your time and energy. Avoid these people or draw firm limits with them.  If you have to hang out with someone who rubs you the wrong way, or you can't stop seeing someone, do your best to draw limits. Be honest with them and tell them that you really need your space and you'd prefer to be left alone. As the old saying goes, if you wish to stay positive, prevent negative-minded people. If you feel good about something, let yourself feel good about it. If you don't care about something, don't let yourself be swayed by the opinions of others. Listen to your own voice and pay less attention to what other people have to say about you or your business. Don't ask for other people's opinion if you don't really need it. What difference does it make it your coworker doesn't like the name you picked for your new pet cat? As long as it makes you happy, that's all that matters. Competition can bring up a lot of negativity in people. Avoid situations that force you to compare yourself or your skills to the skills of others. These situations can breed bad feelings, resentment, and anxiety. If you want to keep a positive mindset, avoid any situation that will force you to compare or compete with others. Work hard and play hard. Fill up your schedule with activities...


Identify your passion. Cultivate your talents. Embrace your powers of attraction. Wield external powers of attraction. Look your best. Take care of your health. Watch for eating disorders.

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You may feel better about your life and yourself if you are doing something that you really love to do. Take some time to think about what you are passionate about. Write down your thoughts so that you can read over them and use them to help you develop your talents. Some good writing activities to help you identify what you are passionate about include:   Thinking about what you wanted to do as a child. What did you love to do when you were a kid? Did you enjoy playing softball? Drawing? Dancing? Or something else? Write about what you remember loving to do as a child.  Making a list of people you look up to. Try making a list of all of the people who you admire most. Write about what you admire about them and how that might translate into your passion.  Imagining what you would do if you knew you would succeed. Take a minute to imagine that you could have guaranteed success at anything you choose. What would you do if you knew you could not fail? Write about your answer. Once you know what makes you happy, find ways to do these things more often. This can be as simple as turning one of your passions into a hobby or it might be more complex, such as changing careers.  If your passion is something that is hard to break into, such as acting, then try joining a local club or take a class to give yourself an outlet for your passion. Pay attention to how you feel when you are using your talents. You should notice that you have a light, happy feeling. This can help you to confirm that you are truly passionate about this activity. If you notice a heavy, unpleasant feeling, then you may need to reevaluate. Beauty and attractiveness are not the same thing. Attraction is the force that draws others to you. Being typically beautiful can contribute to make someone attractive. However, many other qualities create attraction.  Intelligence, kindness, confidence, health, and humor are all attractors. People who have a realistic self-image, who are emotionally grounded, and who take good care of themselves are considered...


Identify your personal goals and values. Pursue your hobbies and interests to make yourself more interesting. Challenge the beliefs Embrace your flaws Silence your inner critic.

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Make a list of the things that are really important to you. Next, consider the things you most want to achieve in your lifetime. Review these lists to figure out what you most value. Then, choose 1-3 personal goals that are important to you.  For example, you might value creativity, helping others, and caring for the environment. Your goal may be to reduce your carbon footprint, to write a novel, or to serve your community. Think about the things you enjoy doing most, then figure out how you can include them in your life more. Set aside time throughout your week to pursue these activities. This will help you be more true to yourself, and it’ll show people that you’re an exciting person. For example, you might play music in a local coffee shop, write a blog about movies, knit hats that you sell, or participate in local theater. that you learned from others to find your truth. You’ve probably absorbed a lot of rules about life from the people around you, like your parents, teachers, or religious leaders. Some of the beliefs will feel true for you, but others may not. Think about the beliefs you learned from others, then question whether or not they feel true for you. In some cases, you may want to talk to other people or do some research to learn more about the topic. Finally, adopt beliefs that fit with your personal values.  For example, your parents may have taught you that the only way to be successful in life is to get a high paying job. However, this might not feel true to you. Instead, you may prefer to pursue your passion for teaching dance. Similarly, let's say your family taught you not to trust people who are a different religion from you. After thinking about it, you might decide that you don't like judging people based on labels and want to treat everyone equally. because they make you who your are. No one is perfect, and it’s okay to have flaws! Instead of looking at your flaws as a bad thing, view them as a balance that helps you recognize your best qualities. Then, try to stop criticizing...


Identify your problem. Pay attention to your needles, threads, and fabrics.

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You’ve sewn a test seam or two and you’ve inspected the seams.  A perfect stitch will have threads locked midway between the two layers of cloth, with no loops on the top or bottom of the seam and no puckers in the cloth.  An easy way to think of the thread balance is tug of war. You have your top thread and your bobbin thread pulling on each side. If they’re both pulling equally, the seam will be even and consistent. If one side is pulling too much, the thread from the other side will be visible. If the bobbin thread shows on the top side of the seam and the top thread is straight, the upper tension is too tight. If top thread shows on the underside of the seam and the lower thread is straight, the upper tension is too loose. Different thread sizes on the top and in the bobbin can throw off your basic tension settings. A needle that is too large or too small can also unbalance your stitches. If you’re getting puckers on a lightweight fabric, trying shortening the stitch length to 1.75mm. All of these small details can wreak havoc on your project so make sure you’re detail-oriented when setting up your machine for a project.  Polyester thread is a a true all-purpose thread, and it’s a good choice for most sewing projects. Wool thread, on the other hand, is very thick and if you were to use it, you'd have to adjust your tension.  Common heavy duty fabrics include canvas and burlap while cotton and polyester are common fabrics with a standard weight. If you’re switching between heavy fabrics and something of a lighter weight, you’d have to adjust your tension to keep the stitches even.  Needles come in various sizes for different purposes. There are thicker needles designed for denim that won’t break when they’re being used and thin needles that won’t damage thin, delicate fabrics. When buying needles, you can consult someone in the store to help you find the best option for your fabric.