Choose the location where you want to insert the clip art. Access the "Insert" feature. Search for the clip art image you want. Click the "Go" button. Select the clip art item in the results list that you choose to insert it into your spreadsheet.

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You can insert clip art in any worksheet cell or in the header or footer.  To select a cell, click on it. To select a header or footer in Excel 2003, select "Page Setup" from the File menu and then click the Header/Footer tab on the Page Setup dialog. To select a header or footer in Excel 2007 or 2010, click the "Header & Footer" button in the Text group on the Insert menu ribbon. In Excel 2003, select "Picture" from the Insert menu, then select "Clip Art." In Excel 2007 and 2010, select "Clip Art" from the Illustrations group on the Insert menu ribbon. Type either a descriptive word or phrase in the "Search for" field of the Clip Art task pane or a portion of the file name. You can narrow your search with either or both of the following methods:  Check only the boxes in front of the items in the "Search in:" dropdown list that represent the places you want to search for a clip art image. Check only the "Clip Art" box in the "Results should be:" dropdown list. (The other available options are Photographs, Movies, and Sounds.)


Choose the location where you want to insert the picture. Access the Insert feature. Browse to the picture you want to insert in the Insert Picture dialog. Insert the picture.

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In Excel 2003, select "Picture" from the Insert menu, then select "From File." In Excel 2007 and 2010, select "Picture" from the Illustrations group on the Insert menu ribbon. Double click a folder to open it, or type the picture name in the "File name:" field. You can also use the drop-down field to the right of the "File name:" field to narrow the available pictures to a particular file type. Either click the "Insert" button or double-click the picture file. When you insert a picture this way, it increases the overall size of your Excel file. You can instead insert a link to the picture by clicking the down arrow to the right of the "Insert" button and clicking "Link to File." If you later move the picture to a different location on your computer, however, the link will be broken and you will have to re-create the link to have the picture available again.


Choose the lowest absorbency necessary for your flow. Insert your tampon gently to avoid scraping the vaginal walls. Change your tampon every 4 hours. Alternate between tampons and sanitary pads. Store menstrual products away from heat and moisture. Practice the same habits with all menstrual products.

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TSS is associated with super-absorbency tampons. To prevent it, don't use super-absorbency tampons unless they are necessary due to a heavy flow. Even then, you might experiment with using a lower absorbency but changing it more frequently. You might also want to use a combination of a lower absorbency tampon with a light pad or panty liner. Panty liners can also help prevent accidents while you're trying to find the lowest absorbency you need. When inserting your tampon, move slowly and gently. Don't push the tampon any further in your vagina than you need to. Take the same care when removing a tampon – don't just yank it out. Take particular care if you use applicator tampons, as they are more likely to scrape when inserted. It can help to put a small amount of lubrication on the applicator before you insert it. Tampons that are left in your vagina too long may encourage bacteria to grow. This is the biggest way tampon use increases the risk of TSS. However, if you remember to change your tampon every 4 hours, you shouldn't have anything to worry about.  Consider switching to light pads or panty liners if your flow is extremely light. A dry tampon may stick to the vaginal walls and cause abrasions when removed. These tiny abrasions may then become infected with bacteria that could lead to TSS. Since sleeping with a tampon in means leaving it in for 7 hours or more, consider using sanitary pads for sleeping. The less you use tampons, the lower your risk of contracting TSS. There may be some situations where tampons are more convenient, or you may feel embarrassed when you wear a pad in public. But if you find ways to use tampons less over the course of your period, you can prevent TSS. For example, you might wear tampons while at work or school, and then switch to pads when you get home in the evening. Heat and moisture encourage bacterial growth. Instead of storing your tampons in your bathroom, transfer them to a bedroom closet or drawer. Leave them in their original packaging, or transfer to a sealed...


Choose the main account holder in the list of profiles. Select the Instant Queue screen. Scroll to the bottom of the Instant Queue.

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Netflix Profiles allows users to use different lists for each viewer. This function may make it unnecessary to change Netflix accounts frequently. This should automatically appear once you start Netflix on the PlayStation. If you have been using the search function or suggestion sections, you will need to return to the main Instant Queue section.


Choose the material for your dimo membrane. Gather your supplies. Measure and cut the dimo. Apply glue to the dizi. Gently place the dimo over the hole. Test the dizi.

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Traditional dimo is made from a thin internal membrane from bamboo. Other useable materials are garlic skin, rice paper, cigarette paper, or other very thin papers. Dimo paper is available from online music supply stores. You can use clear tape as an alternative material, but this won’t produce the best sound. These include small, sharp scissors, water, Erjiao (a traditional Chinese flute glue) or other water-soluble adhesive, the dimo membrane, and the dizi body. Erjiao can be purchased from online music supply stores. Water-soluble glue, such as the glue specifically intended for adhering the dimo, is preferred, since you may need to adjust the placement of the dimo from time to time. If you use an adhesive that hardens, it will crack when you try to move the dimo, thereby ruining the membrane. The dimo will be placed on the second hole from the top of the dizi (this hole is called the mokong). Place the dimo paper over this hole and add at least 0.5 centimeter (0.2 in) on all sides of the hole. Cut the membrane to these specifications. Dip your finger in some water and rub glue on your finger. Apply this glue around the hole where you will place the dimo. Swab any residual glue away from the hole itself and the very edge of the hole. Glue on the membrane over the hole will disrupt the vibration of the membrane. Another option is to use garlic juice to produce a sticky, water-soluble adhesive. Peel one garlic clove and gently rub the freshly cut garlic across the membrane hole. This will leave some adhesive material. Line up the dimo so it is even on all sides. Pinch the flute on either side of the hole with your fingers touching the dimo. Move your fingers up and down a few times gently to create lateral wrinkles in the dimo. The wrinkles should be evenly spaced on the dimo. If the dimo is completely smooth, the dizi will sound dull. If the dimo is not taut, even if it has wrinkles, the dizi may sound bright but may not emit any sounds at all from time to time, becoming unpredictable. Blow into the dizi to...


Choose the materials that you will use to build your nesting box. Design your nesting box(es). Make a nesting box out of a kitchen cabinet. Build a 12" x 12" x 12" nesting box out of wood. Try building a quick nesting box from a clean wooden half-barrel.

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If you'd like to build upon an existing structure, consider re-purposing a crate, a cabinet, an old pet carrier, or a barrel. Otherwise, feel free to build a comparable box from scratch using wood, metal, or plastic. The box should be sturdy, heat-retentive, and easy to clean, so choose your base materials accordingly. Review the following steps for a few straightforward box ideas.  Try re-purposing storage containers: kitchen cabinets, barrels, milk crates, wash basins, old pet carriers. Make sure to thoroughly wash these things before use, especially if they've held something that can be toxic to chickens.  Construct boxes from found materials, when possible. This can save on costs, and it may give character to your backyard coop. Build a box from wood, metal, or plastic—whichever is available. You will need one box for every 2-4 hens. Each "nest" should be roomy enough to contain a laying hen and small enough to feel secure.Twelve cubic inches (12" x 12" x 12") is an ideal size. The interior should not be higher than two feet, as hens like to roost in cozy spaces.  Make sure to add a comfortable access point for the chickens to enter and exit. Make sure to add a slight lip to the entryway so that the chickens' bedding (sawdust, straw, etc.) cannot easily spill out. If you're building a nesting box from scratch, pitch the top of the box at a 45 degree angle to discourage chickens from roosting and pooping up there. If you're using a cabinet or another found object, consider nailing a plank the roof with one side lifted at a 45 degree angle.  The boxes need not be square or absolutely symmetrical. The important thing is that your chickens are comfortable. Find an old wooden kitchen cabinet. The cabinet should be at least 18 inches deep, and it should have working doors that are at least two feet high. Try asking around at secondhand stores and recycled furniture stores. If you already have any old cabinets, or if you plan to replace your current kitchen cabinets, this is the perfect opportunity to reuse them...


Choose the metal item you plan to plate. Purchase your gold plating kit. Gather all of the necessary materials for the process.

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This can be a piece of jewelry, a clock part, decorative hardware, a car emblem, etc. The item you want to plate will determine the type of kit you should purchase.  Some items such as large pieces may require a 'Brush Plating Kit', whereas other small items such as jewelry should be done with an "Immersion Plating Kit".  An internet search of those terms will lead you to high quality equipment manufacturers.  Most gold plated jewelry is made with a silver base, but other metals, such as copper or aluminum, can be gold plated as well. Silver and gold tend to diffuse into each other, which can cause a plated piece to become dull or tarnished looking as the gold plating wears. Layering the silver with copper first can create longer-lasting luster because it's not as reactive to gold. Now that you know what you want to plate, you can choose the correct kit for the job. If you’re still not sure, try contacting a gold plating service or kit manufacturer about which kit is right for you to use.  The average gold plating kit will include a liquid gold solution, an electrical supply, and a plating wand or brush that links to the power supply and directs where the gold is bonded.  An all-inclusive kit is ideal; due to the nature of gold plating, you may need other solutions or accessories depending on what metal or item you are working on. Gold plating solutions regularly come in 14-karat, 18-karat, or 24-karat gold. The color of the finished product may vary depending on the karat levels. Colour may also vary when metal alloys, such as copper or silver, are added to the plating solution. While your plating kit will come with most of the necessary materials, it might not come with everything. Some plating solutions need to reach a certain temperature for the best results, for instance, so a hot plate and heat-resistant beakers may be needed. You will additionally need an electrical current. If your kit does not come with one, then a twelve-amp rectifier with variable amp and voltage controls will do. Finally, you will...


Choose the optimal toothpaste. Rinse the head thoroughly. Disassemble the head and handle. Store the Sonicare properly.

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Select a toothpaste that effectively kills oral bacteria. This may help keep your brush from developing gunk and other bacteria that could harm your health.  Most toothpastes will help keep bacteria on your toothbrush at bay. Using an alkaline toothpaste will also help to reduce bacteria and prevent the new formation of colonies for a while. Try a toothpaste with tricolsan/ copolymer, which may be more effective at keeping bacteria and gunk from forming. After each use of your Sonicare, rinse the brush head thoroughly. Consider detaching it from the handle to help minimize the risk of developing gunk.  Hold the brush head under the water for at least 20 seconds. Allow the head to air-dry completely. Wipe off the handle if necessary. When you’re not using your toothbrush, store the head and handle separately. This allows each part to dry thoroughly, which can help prevent gunk from developing on or in your Sonicare. Wipe any surfaces that appear moist, especially around the head and handle seal. Store your Sonicare in an upright position, which can keep gunk from getting caught in the unit. Keep the unit in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight, the toilet seat, or any other place where the toothbrush might fall off and break. You can store the unit on the charger if you like, though you shouldn’t need to charge it more than once a week.


Choose the perfect nut to incubate.

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The ideal nut will have lots of water inside that will slosh around when you shake it. Make sure that the nut still in its husk. You can use a coconut that has dropped to the ground or one from a store.


Choose the post. Attach the post to the base. Cover the top of the post. Cut the post carpet to size. Wrap carpet around the post. Use rope as an alternative to carpet. Flatten the hardware.

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Purchase a 4 in by 4 in (10 cm by 10 cm) piece of wood from the hardware store. Alternatively, nail two 2 in by 4 in (5 cm by 10 cm) pieces of wood together, making sure they line up evenly and no nails are exposed that could injure your cat. Again, go for a non-treated wood for safety reasons. Put the base upside down (carpeted side facing the post) on top of the post. Ensure it is centered and screw the post into the base using 2 in (5 cm) wood screws. Then, flip the base around so it is on the ground, with the post on top. The length of the post is up to you, just make sure it is long enough for your cat to stretch on. If you’re not sure how long to make it, measure your cat from nose to end of tail, then add a few in/cm. Get a 4 in by 4 in (10 cm by 10 cm)  beveled wood square from the hardware store for a neat post topper. Use wood glue to attach the topper to the post. Alternatively, you can cover the top in carpet and staple it down. Put two staples on each side of the post, rather than on the top. It needs to be at least 20 in (51 cm) wide in order to wrap around the post, and the exact height of the post. Use an X-acto knife and a ruler to ensure you have a neat, straight line. Start at a corner and staple the carpet in place every 1 in (2.5 cm) vertically. Wrap the carpet completely around the post and staple it in place every 1 in (2.5 cm) along the vertical seam. Cut off any excess, and ensure you have a smooth seam so your cat’s claws don’t snag on the fabric. Alternatively, you can wrap the post in sisal rope rather than carpet. Cover your post in non-toxic glue to ensure the rope won’t unravel.  Wind the rope around the bottom of the post and staple it in place.  Continue winding the rope all the way to the top of the post, making sure your rows are neat, straight, and very close together.  Add staples if the glue doesn’t seem to be holding the rope well enough. Use a hammer to flatten the staples down. A staple gun does not always create a flush staple, and you want to ensure your cat’s claws...


Choose the right adhesive for the materials you are using. Let the adhesive set.

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The traditional mosaic adhesive is cement-based mortar. It is made by mixing cement, sand, and water. But you can also use acrylic based adhesives, epoxy resins, or construction adhesives. Find the right adhesive for you at your local craft supply or hardware store. Start by looking at the “Applications” section on the label. You will need an adhesive that works well for your base and decoration materials.  If you are making an outdoor mosaic, make sure your adhesive label states that it is water-resistant. For mosaics that will regularly get wet, like shower floors, use thinset mortar.  Acrylic-based adhesives are easy to use and very strong and good for slippery surfaces like ceramic and glass. Epoxy resins work well on metals, but they can be messy to use and smelly. The time needed varies depending on the type of adhesive you used and where your mosaic will be, so check the label on your adhesive and follow the directions stated there. Once the adhesive is set, wipe the mosaic tiles with a damp sponge to clear away any extra adhesive material that may have risen to the top.  Try to wipe the excess mortar as soon as possible after its set. If you wait until the adhesive cures completely (usually another 24 hours after it is set), it will be very difficult to wipe off the excess from the tiles. If you used traditional mortar, 24 hours is usually enough time for indoor mosaics. Outdoor mosaics will need to set for 72 hours. Acrylic adhesives and epoxy resins usually take between 12-24 hours to set completely.


Choose the right auger for the job. Don steel-toes boots and leather gloves. Break up the soil if it's especially hard. Hold the auger upright by the handle, with the shank perpendicular to the ground. Dig down about 12 inches (30 cm). Return the auger to the hole and continue digging and dumping the dirt.

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You need to consider what kind of soil you'll be digging in, how many holes you will dig and whether you have someone to help you run the auger.  A hand auger can be operated by 1 or 2 people. This is best if you only have 1 or 2 holes to dig, because it takes a lot of work to turn the handle.  A power auger uses a gasoline engine to turn the auger, but it can be dangerous if it runs into a rock or other obstruction. The auger will stop suddenly, which can cause the top to jerk, knocking you off your feet or even breaking your arm.  A wheeled auger is a power auger mounted on a wheeled frame, so there is less chance you'll be injured if it stops. A tractor auger is safest because you operate it from the tractor seat. If something goes wrong, you are at safe distance. If you use a power auger, you also need hearing and eye protection. Don't wear loose clothing that can be caught in the auger. Your auger will work best if the first few inches or centimeters is easy to dig into. Use a spade, digging tool or clamshell post-hole digger. If the ground is still too hard, soak the area with water. Begin turning the handle or start the motor. If a powered auger stops suddenly, immediately release the throttle or hit the kill switch stop the motor. Raise the auger out of the hole and dump the dirt off the blades. If you don't regularly dump off the dirt, the auger will become too heavy to raise easily. It may even get stuck in the hole. Most post-holes are about 3 feet (1 meter) deep. Augers can dig much deeper, however, if you use extension rods.


Choose the right bat. Relax your swing. Hit off of the tee. Lift weights to get stronger. Videotape your swing to find mistakes. Practice hitting off a variety of pitchers.

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While there a lot of different ways to choose a bat, the most important criteria is comfort. You should, first and foremost, feel natural when swinging. To find the correct bat you should take your dominant hand and hold the bat parallel to the ground. It should feel slightly heavy and difficult to hold up. Choose a bat a 1/3 of an ounce lighter than this weight.  Check out this table of bat lengths by body type to get a good idea where to start shopping. This is the best thing you can do to get more power on the ball quickly. You want your arms and knees to be slightly bent and loose, not tensed. Work on swinging naturally and smoothly, avoiding jerky movements meant to hit the ball hard. Remember, good mechanics and a smooth swing are more important than trying to force as much power on your swing as you can. Despite its reputation as a little-league tool, the tee is great way to practice your swing mechanics and work on hitting the bottom 2/3 of the ball. Take 20-30 reps every day your practice, practicing not only how you hit the ball but where. Focus on hitting the lower two-thirds of the ball to get the best height and distance on the ball you can. You can tell when you hit it well by comparing distances. While even smaller players can hit the ball out of the park with good mechanics, it is easier to hit the ball farther when you are stronger. Remember, however, that swinging a bat requires your whole body, not just your arms. Areas to focus on include:   Abs and Core: A strong core helps you transfer energy from your legs through your torso, and is essential for bat speed and power. Incorporate sit-ups, crunches, planks, and medicine ball throws into every workout.  Legs: Most of your power comes through your legs, so you can often make the most dramatic gains through squats, leg presses, and box jumps.  Arms: Of course, you have to have strong arms to hit the ball hard. Practice swings and hitting off the tee should be a part of every workout, but you can also incorporate barbell rows, bench-press,...


Choose the right blade. Raise the blade. Use a zero-clearance insert. Support the entire sheet. Tape off your cut mark. Cut with the good face up. Make the cut.

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To get the smoothest cut from your table saw, invest in a blade with a high tooth count, such as an 80 TPI plywood blade.  Most stock blades on table saws work well for rough cuts, but will not give you a clean edge.  Alternatively use a zero-clearance insert under the plywood. To make one of these, carefully set a piece of wood or plywood onto the working table saw, taking care not to have the wood slip or pull from your hands. Once the blade is all the way through (the blade needs to be quite high), clamp the insert down. You will be cutting on the insert, which does not allow the bottom layer of plywood to chip downward because of the low clearance between the blade and the insert. The insert is sacrificial and it's usually only sensible to make one when cutting large amounts of plywood. Raising the blade changes the direction the teeth will enter the wood. When the blade is slightly raised, such that the teeth just barely cut through the surface, the teeth enter the cutting surface at an angle. If you raise the blade a little higher, you can get a perpendicular cut, which will make a smoother surface. Don't raise the blade more than 1 inch (2.5 cm) above the cutting surface. A raised blade may offer a smoother cut, but it also makes for a more dangerous cut. Exercise extreme caution when cutting with a raised blade. Your table saw may have a gap between the blade and the throat plate, where the blade sits in the table saw. A zero-clearance insert closes the gap and offers support to the sheet, making a smoother cut.  You can purchase a zero-clearance throat plate online or at your local hardware store.  Alternatively make your own. First, carefully set a piece of wood or plywood onto the working table saw, taking care not to have the wood slip or pull away from your hands. Once the blade is all the way through (the blade needs to be quite high), clamp the insert down. You will be cutting on the insert, which does not allow the bottom layer of plywood to chip downward because of the low clearance between...


Choose the right brow brush. Make sure to blend when you're done. Select the right color.

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The wrong brow brush can make it difficult to feather your brows successfully. You should not use any brow brush to fill in your brows. Opt for a thin, angled brush as you can use this tool with more precision. You do not want the makeup on your brows to look unnatural. Make sure you make enough brush strokes that any makeup fades into your natural hair color. It can take awhile to blend, so have patience. A spoolie brush, sometimes called a brow wand, can be helpful for blending. Make sure to select a color that closely matches your natural brow color. You should also make sure you only use a light layer of brow makeup. Too many layers can make your eyebrows look unnaturally dark.


Choose the right carbohydrates. Eat lean protein foods. Know the difference between good fat and bad fat. Stock up on superfoods. Watch your salt intake. Practice moderation.

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Simple carbs, like raw sugar or corn syrup, are quickly absorbed by the body's digestive system. This causes a kind of carb overload, and your body releases huge amounts of insulin, to combat the overload. Eat these in moderation. Complex carbs, on the other hand, are slowly digested and absorbed by the body because they have at least three sugar molecules. They include whole-grain flour, hearty vegetables, oats, and unprocessed grains, like brown rice. These foods are usually higher in vitamins and other nutrients that are beneficial for the body, and they are higher in fiber (which keeps your digestive system running smoothly).  Consider eating dark leafy greens like kale, collard greens, mustard greens, and Swiss chard. They are packed with nutrients and will fill you up very quickly. Create a simple sauté with olive oil, garlic, and a little salt and pepper, which will be surprisingly tasty meal as well as a nutritious one.     Choose wheat (brown) bread instead of white bread and whole wheat pasta instead of "normal" pasta. Processed carbohydrates, such as those found in white bread, do not have many of nutrients or the fiber found in whole grains. Plain oatmeal is also very healthy for you.    Aim to get between 10% and 35% of your daily calories from protein. Protein helps you build muscle and gives you a steady supply of energy throughout the day. Some examples of healthy proteins include:  Lean fish such as tilapia, flounder, sole, cod, bass, perch, and halibut.     Lean poultry such as chicken or duck breast.     Legumes like beans and soy products (e.g. edamame and tofu).     Nuts like cashews.    You need to consume fat for your body to function correctly. However, it's important to choose the right kind of fats. Here's a quick primer.  Monounsaturated fats and omega-3 fatty acids are good fats, which you should try to consume regularly. They help lower the "bad cholesterol" in your body by raising "good cholesterol". Foods that are high in fatty acids are olive oil, nuts, fish oil, and various...


Choose the right diaphragm. Choose the correct fit. Know when it is safe to use a diaphragm. Know the advantages and disadvantages of using a diaphragm.

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Choosing the right type of diaphragm is important. Currently there are three types of diaphragms to choose from.  Arching spring diaphragm: this is the most common and easiest type of diaphragm to insert. This type of device has two hinged points that form an arc for easy insertion.  Coil spring diaphragm: this has a soft flexible rim but it does not form an arc when you fold it. Women with weaker muscle tone of the vagina can take advantage of this. This type of diaphragm comes with an introducer tool.  Flat spring diaphragm: this is similar to the coil spring diaphragm, but it has a thinner and more delicate rim. You can also insert this type of diaphragm with an introducer tool. A flat spring diaphragm is better used by women who have stronger vaginal muscle tone   Diaphragms are made with silicone or latex. Silicone diaphragms are less common and must be ordered from the manufacturer.   Caution: If you are allergic to latex use silicone diaphragm instead. If you experience an allergic reaction (rash, itching, flushing, restlessness, difficulty breathing, or loss of consciousness) seek medical assistance immediately. Proper fitting of the diaphragm is vital to ensure effectiveness. If you use poorly fitted diaphragms, it can slip during intercourse and lead to pregnancy.  For diaphragms that do not have a dome, you can use fitting rings to find the proper fit. These can be ordered from the manufacturer. You can also get fitted by your doctor who can also help you choose the proper diaphragm. This is especially helpful if this is the first time you are using a diaphragm. If you schedule an appointment with your doctor, the procedure takes around 10-20 minutes and you may experience some discomfort during the fitting. After the doctor knows the right measurement, she will also teach you how to insert the diaphragm by yourself. You may need to refit your diaphragm  after weight loss, weight gain, childbirth, and/or miscarriage. Certain conditions are contraindicated for intrauterine devices, therefore it is...


Choose the right editing software for your movie. Import a scene into your video editor. Use your first few shots to set the mood and theme of the scene. Build the dialog around the actor's best takes. Show each character as they deliver their lines. Fill in any gaps/mistakes from B-roll and other takes. Adjust the timing of the scene to give it rhythm. Learn the different types of cuts to edit professionally. Stitch together your scenes with B-roll and transitions. Correct the color and sound of your movie to make it professional. Edit to tell the story, not to be flashy.

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There are a lot of options to choose from when it comes to video editing software (often called Non-Linear Editing programs, or NLE), from free programs like iMovie and Windows Movie Maker to complex, professional-grade powerhouses like Final Cut Pro and Adobe Premier. What you choose to use is largely a matter of personal preference and the type of project you are working on:   Free software, like iMovie and Windows Movie Maker, is really only useful for small movies, usually anything under 20 minutes. They aren't designed to handle a lot of video and camera angles and have a limited number of transitions and options for effects.  Paid Software is necessary for any aspiring filmmaker. If you use multiple cameras on a scene, need smooth text, transitions, or effects, or simply want a professional-grade program, you need to invest in good software. Currently, the three "industry-standard" programs are Avid, Final Cut X, and Adobe Premier, and each comes with a hefty price tag, often $400 or more. You can often, however, subscribe to these programs for a small monthly payment. With a short film (under 20-30 minutes), you can likely import all the footage at once. But if you're making a feature film, or simply working with a lot of camera angles, you'll want to edit your movie in pieces. Import only the footage you need for the scene, as well as any relevant B-roll. If you have multiple cameras on the same scene, use your program's "Sync" option to line all of them up together. Find your programs "multi-camera editing mode," which makes it easy to switch between multiple shots simultaneously, by searching for "[Your Program] Multi-Cam Edit" online. This matches up all the cameras so that you don't have to spend hours making sure each cut is in time with the last shot. The first shots will establish the focus of the scene. You have an almost infinite number of choices, but some of the most common include:   The Establishing Shot: This is by far the most common way to start a scene. This shot shows all the main...


Choose the right editing software. Learn the basics of your editing interface. Know the essential tools for editing. Play around with your program to learn about other features.

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There are a lot of video editing programs out there, ranging from professional programs with tons of features (Avid, Adobe Premiere, Final Cut Pro) to free programs that come pre-installed on most computers (iMovie, Windows Movie Maker). While free software is becoming more robust every year, you should think about buying a professional program if you plan on doing more than a few home-movies or simple presentations.  Almost all programs have free trials that allow you to test them out before buying. Currently, Adobe Premiere and Final Cut Pro are considered "industry standard" programs. You'll need to know them to become a professional video editor. While different programs have different features, the basics of most software are pretty similar. Even simple programs have a lot of tools and buttons, but there are three main parts to every video program that you must know:   The Timeline: This is where you order, edit, and trim your footage into the final video. Sometimes known as a "sequencer" or "storyboard editor" this is where you do the majority of your work. Most programs show both audio and video in the timeline. It is usually near the bottom of your window  The Preview Screen: This is where you watch the draft of your movie while you edit. It usually starts out as a black box with play, rewind, and stop buttons underneath it. It is usually in the upper right quadrant.  The Library/Collection: This is where all of your imported audio, video, and pictures are sorted, allowing you to drag and drop them into your timeline for editing. It usually comes with a search function and some labeling tools. It is usually on the left side of the window.   Other sections might include audio controls, a "toolbox," special effects, a place to add titles, and a second video screen to check imported footage. Though each program has different names for them, there are only a handful of tools that are mandatory for basic editing. Hover over an icon to see what it is named in your program.   Pointer: Usually a standard...


Choose the right fabric. Give yourself enough time. Find a pattern.

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Whether you're sewing a queen's regal gown or a court jester's multi-colored leggings, it's important to have an idea of what color or type of material you'll need. Then you can gather the correct thread, along with other tools needed for the job. If you've decided to dress as Queen Elizabeth I, for instance, several yards of red satin or velvet should work well. You'll want to include the square, low-cut neckline particular to the Elizabethan period in England, along with a stiff white fabric for the high collar, or ruff, shown in the most common portraits of Elizabeth. A pearl diadem with a large pendant – or delicate headband that dips onto the forehead – will complete the look. If your costume is complicated or has several different pieces, such as in the Queen Elizabeth example above, you might want to begin putting it together well in advance of Halloween so it will be ready on time. Costumes like this one take many hours and several steps to assemble properly. Stop by your local fabric store or search online for a sewing pattern that matches what you plan to be for Halloween (for example, a nun or a witch). This will help save time by providing a template for the pieces of material you'll need to sew together. The variety of patterns available are as expansive as your imagination, so you're bound to find anything from a simple cat motif to a much more complex Frankenstein suit.


Choose the right finish. Decide on the best color. Thin the paint.

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When you’re painting a popcorn ceiling, paint with a flat or matte finish is usually the best option because it won’t draw attention to any areas with uneven texture. However, if you prefer a satin or semi-gloss finish, you can usually use those without any problem.  If the ceiling is in a room that is prone to humidity, such as a bathroom or kitchen, a satin or semi-gloss finish paint is actually the best option. Try to use as high quality a paint as you can afford. The better the paint, the less you’ll have to use and the less effort it’ll take to apply it. While you may pay more for a single can of high quality paint, you’ll need less to cover the ceiling so you can get away with buying fewer cans. White is the traditional paint color for ceilings because it keeps the focus on the walls. It can also help brighten up the room and make low ceilings appear higher. However, you may opt for another light color for your ceiling, such as a pale yellow or gray. It’s best not to use the same color on the walls, though. Using a dark color can be a good option if your ceiling is high and gives the room an imposing feeling. A richer shade on the ceiling can help make the space feel warmer and cozier. Acrylic paint works best on popcorn ceilings, but if you apply it straight, it will be too sticky and actually wind up pulling some of the texture from the ceiling. To make it more workable, thin the paint before applying it. With a popcorn ceiling, you can use water to thin the paint -- aim to add approximately a ½-quart of water for each gallon of paint.  You don’t want to dilute the paint too much, so it’s a good idea to start by adding 8-ounces, or ¼-quart, of water to the paint and dabbing it on a corner of the ceiling to test how it applies. If it’s still too thick, add more water. To determine if you've thinned the paint enough, pour some through a funnel. If it passes through it easily, you've got the consistency right. If it doesn't pass through freely, add more water.


Choose the right foundation. Use foundation sparingly. Mask imperfections. Give yourself a healthy glow with bronzer.

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A good foundation is one that contains silicone, which will help “fill in” your skin. Avoid any foundations that are identified as luminous or matte- these have been known to make skin look unnatural. Instead, choose foundations identified by words such as “lightweight” or “sheer.” Lightweight foundations will make your skin appear smooth and glowing without feeling like you’re wearing a mask.  Know your skin tone. A foundation that is too light or too dark will make you look like you are wearing makeup (and the secret to model skin is to look like you are makeup free). To determine the optimal foundation skin for your skin, test various foundation shades on the inside of your wrist or on your neck- this will help you to figure out the tone of your complexion.  If you have a red tint to your skin, get rid of it with a yellow-based foundation. Models never look like they have makeup caked on their faces. To avoid a cakey look, dab on six dime-sized dots of foundation on your face. For optimal results, place two dots on your forehead, one on the tip of your nose, one on each side of your nose, and one on your chin. Make sure you blend in this foundation thoroughly with your fingers for a natural look. If, after you apply foundations, you still see discolorations or acne spots on your skin, you will want to focus specifically on these areas. Look for a solid concealer and concealer brush that you can use to apply makeup directly to dark spots or blemishes. Do you want that sun-kissed model look without having to face the dangers of ultraviolet rays from the sun? Makeup can help with this. Choose a bronzer that works with your skin tone and is no more than two shades darker than your skin color.  Apply the bronzer to areas of your face (such as your nose, forehead, and cheeks) that would tan in the sunlight, and make sure it is blended in evenly to the surrounding skin.


Choose the right gel.

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Hair gels are usually categorized by the thickness of the compound and the power of the hold. The color and the scent of hair gels generally doesn't make any difference in terms of how they work. Most gels are applied with the fingertips, but there are a few which are spray-on. Decide which is best for your style, or try out each one and see which you prefer.  A light, foamy gel is effective in creating a playful, messy look. You'll still be able to have some bounce and some life in your hair. A medium-hold gel is great for shiny spikes, getting your hair to stay in almost gravity-defying ways. A thick gel will give you a slicked-back look, holding it in place firmly all day. You might not be able to run your fingers through it, but it'll hold fast in a windstorm.


Choose the right herbicide for your needs. Use protective gear when applying herbicides. Apply herbicide in the spring and late summer. Spot spray small outbreaks. Spray open patterns in a crosshatch pattern. Do follow up treatments. Do not use herbicides on kudzu invading trees or other plants.

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There are a variety of different herbicides on the market. Make sure you select one specifically designed to get rid of kudzu plants. You want something with the active ingredients glyphosate and triclopyr, as these chemicals are effective at killing kudzu. The following commercial products have been proven effective for the treatment of kudzu:  Bayer Advanced Brush Killer Plus Concentrate Ortho Max Poison Ivy and Tough Brush Killer Concentrate Roundup Concentrate Poison Ivy Plus Tough Brush Killer Roundup Pro Roundup Pro Concentrate Herbicides can be dangerous to the bare skin. Make sure to wear protective gear, like safety goggles and protective gloves, before treating kudzu with herbicide. You should also read the instruction manual on any herbicide you purchase. Some herbicides must be diluted in water before use. The instruction manual will also provide you with useful information on how to safely apply your chosen herbicide. Spring is a great time to apply treatment because kudzu will be vulnerable from its winter dormancy. Treat the kudzu again in the late summer, and repeat the two treatments annually until the plant is dead. Keep in mind that the plant won’t die from a single treatment. You may have a small kudzu outbreak. A tiny amount of kudzu may be creeping up on a fence, for example. As you want to limit the use of herbicide as much as you can, do not aggressively treat small outbreaks. Instead, spot spray with a backpack sprayer. Spray towards the ground from which the kudzu spreads. You can also use spot treatment as a follow up treatment after you've targeted large patches of kudzu. In the event you have large patches of kudzu growing on the ground, you'll want to spray in a crosshatch pattern. A crosshatch pattern is marked by a series of intersecting parallel lines. Spray roughly half the solution in one direction in straight lines. Then, spray and half the solution in the other direction in lines perpendicular to the first. Kudzu is rarely eradicated with a single treatment. In order to...


Choose the right job. Have reasonable expectations. Consider making coworkers aware of your condition. Manage work-related stress. Know the law.

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Every individual is different, but if you have DID, your condition will certainly affect your ability to work. What kind of job is right for you? It depends on how cooperative and collaborative your alters are. Talk to your therapist about which kinds of work might be best in your circumstances, but remember that it’s very important to avoid significant stress. Try not to take on a job that will have you constantly tense and worried. Consider, especially, what your responsibilities will be. You don’t want a child alter to emerge during a serious discussion or important meeting, and you don’t want to surprise clients or customers with inexplicably changing ideas, perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. You can try to control and set rules for your alters, but they may not cooperate. They may make mistakes, confuse your coworkers, leave your workplace, or even quit your job. Expecting to manage all of these possibilities will only add to your stress level, so accept the fact that you may not be able to keep a particular job. It is your decision whether or not to share your diagnosis with coworkers. If your DID is managed well and does not typically interfere in your work life, you may not have to. If, however, your boss or coworkers become confused, annoyed, or dissatisfied with your performance for reasons related to your condition, it may be helpful to explain. Otherwise, these people may struggle to know the “real you” and find it perplexing that your thoughts and ideas seem to shift for no reason. Even a relatively low-pressure job will sometimes cause you stress. Take care not to let this stress get too intense. Just as you do in your life outside the workplace, try to avoid conflicts, walk away from arguments, and practice relaxation techniques. Federal law safeguards the employment interests of people who are disabled, and this includes people with Dissociative Identity Disorder. If you can reasonably perform the tasks required of your job, then the law is on your side.


Choose the right kind of glitter for your look. Avoid getting glitter on your teeth.

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A lot of makeup glitter is very large and clunky. If you're looking for something theatrical, this can work great. However, if you want something a bit more subtle, go for finer glitter. You may have to experiment with a few different types of glitter until you find one that works for you. It's very easy to get glitter on your teeth when applying it to your lips. To avoid this, do not apply glitter too far inside your lips. Just apply the glitter on the outside of your lips.


Choose the right location. Amend the soil. Transplant each seedling into a large hole. Mulch and fertilize around the plant. Water well.

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Ideally, you should find a spot that receives full sun and one that does not have any competitive roots, like tree roots, nearby.  "Full sun" means a full 6-8 hours of sunlight daily, if not more. The area should also be free of weeds. If there are a few weeds, make sure that you remove them before planting. The vines need space to climb and spread, as well. Ideally, you should look for climbing structures already set in place, like a wire fence, balcony, or pergola. If none of these are available, you could install a trellis, instead. If the vines have nothing to climb, they will start wrapping around the tree. Passion fruit needs light, deep soil that contains plenty of organic material. The stuff in your yard probably is not of high enough quality to do the trick on its own, so you'll need to make a few improvements before you can plant either seeds or vines.  Mix the soil with compost before you do any planting. Compost improves both the texture and nutritional value of the soil. You could also try organic rotten manure, leaf mold, or other green plant waste. If the soil is especially dense, you could lighten it by mixing in a handful of coarse sand. Pay attention to the pH of the soil, as well. The pH should be between 6.5 and 7.5. If the soil is too acidic, mix in ground dolomite or agricultural lime. Add compost to your soil every year to keep it regularly amended. Mix organic matter or sand into your soil to keep it well-drained. Dig a separate hole for each seedling. Each hole should be twice as wide as the current width of your plant, and the depth should be at least as deep as the container your seedling currently rests in.  Carefully dig or slide the passion fruit seedling and its root system out of the container. Place the root system in the center of the hole, then loosely fill in the rest of the hole with soil until the plant feels secure. Handle the roots as little as possible during the transfer. The roots are very sensitive, and if you damage them during the process, you could destroy the...


Choose the right location. Draw a 14-foot (4.2-meter) circle on the ground. Use a wooden stake and hammer to make 16 holes around the circle. Insert eight of your prepared ash poles into the holes in the ground. Lash the poles together to form a dome shape. Tie the poles together at the joints. Add the remaining poles and lash them together using the same method. Mark out a space between two poles for the doorway. Add the first horizontal hoop over the frame and fasten it in place. Add two more rows of hoops.

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The ground needs to be flat and level. The soil needs to be soft to dig into, but not so soft that it won't support the poles. It's okay if there is some bedrock, but it needs to be deeper than 12 inches (30.48 centimeters).  If there is any scrubby vegetation, you will need to clear it away. If you are making a model, build this on top of a sheet of Styrofoam or cardboard. You can even paint it brown to make it look like dirt. You can also paint it with glue, then sprinkle real dirt on top. Drive a stake into the ground and tie a 7-foot (2.1-meter) long rope to it. Tie a stick to other end of the rope. Pull the rope taut, then use the stick to draw a circle in the ground around the stake, like a compass. Pull the stake out when you are done. Each hole needs to be about 8 to 12 inches (20.32 to 30.48 centimeters) deep. Space the holes as evenly as you can, about 9 to 12 inches (22.86 to 30.48 centimeters) apart. If you want to, you can space two of the holes further apart for the entrance.  Try to make the holes at a slight, outward angle. This will help create a higher dome once you start building the frame.  If you are making a model, use a pen, pencil, or skewer to make the holes. Skip one hole between each pole. When you are done, you should have eight holes left. Make sure that you are using the 2-inch (5.08-centimeter) thick poles for this. If you are making a model, you might want to glue your "poles" into the holes. Hot glue would work best. Find two poles that are straight across from each other. Bend them together so that they overlap by 2 to 3 feet (0.6 to 0.9 meters). Lash them together in two places, 3 inches (7.62 centimeters) from the tip of each pole. Continue lashing together opposite poles until you have a dome shape.  Do not overlap any poles just yet; you want the poles to be all oriented in the same direction (ie: north-and-south). If you can to be traditional, use tough bark fibers from a basswood tree.  If you want to be less-traditional, or simply don't have access to basswood, you...


Choose the right location. Install a high-quality filtration system. Install a heater-stat. Install an air pump. Install a tank light. Set up the physical environment. Run the aquarium without any fish. Add good bacteria.

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When setting up your aquarium, you need to be sure to put it in a location that will be least stressful for your fish.  Avoid locations that will expose the fish to loud noises, like near a TV or sound system or near a washer and dryer, etc. Avoid locations that will affect the temperature of the water, like near a heater, radiator, or cooling unit. Avoid locations where frequent vibrations with affect the fish, such as near frequently opening and closing doors or in high foot-traffic areas. Don’t place your aquarium under a direct natural light source, like a skylight or window, because it can increase algae production and throw off the balance of the tank’s ecosystem. Don't place your aquarium in a place where there could potentially be drafts, such as near windows and doors. It’s nearly impossible to over-filter an aquarium, so err on the side of more rather than less filtration. There are three kinds of filtration, mechanical, biological, and chemical.  Mechanical filtration uses a pump to draw water through a sponge, which will trap debris. Mechanical filtration helps keep the tank water looking clean and clear, though most tropical fish don’t require crystal-clear water for their habitat, so the clear water is mostly for your benefit.  Biological filtration also draws water through a sponge, but in this case the sponge contains bacteria that remove pollutants. Chemical filtration uses a special filter media that removes chemical pollutants. If you have a saltwater tank, you’ll also need a protein skimmer, a filtration device that removes dissolved organics from the water. The heater-stat is a combined heater and thermostat designed to function underwater. The thermostat can be set to a specific temperature and the heater will turn on if the water temperature dips below your setting. The most important factor when choosing a heater-stat is appropriate wattage. Be sure to choose one with high enough wattage to warm the size of aquarium you own, but don’t buy one with so much wattage that it will overheat...


Choose the right mascara formula. Consider the mascara’s brush or wand. Opt for a waterproof formula. Keep your mascara fresh. Use a black mascara.

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The first step in making your mascara look great is making sure to use the right formula. Mascaras are designed to do different things for your lashes, so if you use a lengthening mascara when you want thicker-looking lashes, you’ll probably be disappointed. Check to make sure that the formula you’re using meets your needs.  A lengthening or defining mascara is meant to help your lashes look longer. A volumizing or thickening mascara is meant to help your lashes look thicker. A curling mascara is meant to help lift and bend straight lashes. A tubing mascara contains special polymers that form tubes around your lashes that make them longer and thicker. A fiber mascara contain fiber filaments that adhere to your natural lashes so they appear thicker and longer. Some mascara formulas are designed to lengthen and thicken for an overall improved look for the lashes. If you’re not sure what you want out of mascara, opt for this type of multipurpose formula. Depending on your needs, you may want to use a combination of mascaras in different formulas. For example, you may do a first coat with a volumizing mascara and then add a second coat of a lengthening mascara to separate and define your lashes. In addition to the mascara formula itself, the type of brush or wand that a mascara has makes a big difference in the finished look of your lashes. Some brushes feature nylon bristles, while others are made of molded plastic. The shape and layout of the brush affects how the mascara is applied as well. Work with a brush or wand that suits your needs.  For thick, fluttery lashes, look for a mascara with a brush that is thick and densely bristled. For long, defined lashes, look for a mascara with a brush that has sparse, short bristles. For the lower lashes, choose a mascara with a small brush head. If you want to ensure that your mascara looks great all day, it’s important to use a waterproof version. It holds up well to tears, sweat, and any other kind of moisture, and also helps lock the curl into your lashes. Use a...


Choose the right material. Make sure your shin guards are light. Avoid lower ankle pads or detachable ankle socks. Keep your shin guard in place. Wear shin guards as often as possible.

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Your shin guards should be both durable and lightweight. They are normally  made from a combination of shock-resistant polypropylene, foam and plastic. Ensure that they won’t negatively impact your performance and are able to withstand a hard tackle. Bulky shin guards may negatively affect your performance making it difficult to handle the ball or move. If they feel like ankle weights, they may be too too heavy. You also want to make sure that they aren’t flimsy and solid enough to protect you from a tackle. While beginners may opt for them, detachable ankle socks or lower ankle pads may feel uncomfortable or restrictive for more seasoned players. These pads may also soak up a lot of moisture. Many players prefer shin guards with a velcro strap at both the bottom and top to set it in place. Prevent your shin guard from sliding down your leg or getting loose by wrapping tape around the bottom.  Avoid letting your your shin guard push against the top of your foot and ankle. Many shin guards only have velcro for the top so that you can tape the bottom to your preference. Refresh your tape during half time when you’re playing a match to make sure that it stays in place. If you have a team trainer, ask to tape your feet and ankles to help prevent injury. Get use to playing with shin guards so that you feel comfortable with them on during an official match. While you may train without them, increase your performance by doing any soccer related movements with them on.


Choose the right mattress. Choose the right pillow. Keep your bedding clean. Make your bed. Set the proper temperature. Dress appropriately. Keep noise and distractions to a minimum.

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Some people sleep better on firmer mattresses, while others prefer softer ones. You can choose whatever type feels best to you. Whatever material or level of firmness you choose, your mattress should feel supportive but comfortable so that you wake up feeling rested.  If you feel stiff or have aches upon waking, it can be a sign that a different mattress would help you sleep better. Look for a mattress that provides adequate support for your back and neck in particular.  Cover your mattress with whatever sheets and bedding you find comfortable. Change them in different seasons so that you stay warm or cool as needed. Most mattresses last about eight years, so think about replacing yours if it is old and uncomfortable. If your mattress is uncomfortable and you cannot replace it, you can make things better by using pillows properly. Select a pillow that feels comfortable to you, no matter whether it is soft or firm. You can also use several pillows if you like, but make sure that they do not push your head up at a sharp angle. Whatever position you sleep in, your pillow(s) should keep your head held supported between your shoulders—in the same position it would be in if you were standing up. You will sleep more comfortably knowing your bed is clean. Make sure to wash your bedding as frequently as you are able to, and any time it becomes especially dirty.  Follow the manufacturer's instructions for washing your sheets. If you have a mattress cover, wash it in hot water. You can dust your mattress with baking soda, then vacuum it up a day later. This will draw out moisture. Pillows can be washed or put in your dryer at a high temperature to clean them and kill dust mites. Put clean sheets, blankets, and pillows on your bed, and make sure they are neatly arranged. Also, make sure your bedroom itself is as clean and orderly as possible. Some evidence shows that a clean and orderly bed and bedroom can help you sleep more comfortably, perhaps because of a psychological effect. Your body’s temperature rises and falls...


Choose the right music. Learn the meaning of the lyrics. Give yourself plenty of time to learn the material. Print out your sheet music.

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If you're doing a show or audition, choose music that resonates with you personally and highlights your vocal range. Go for songs within your vocal range, preferably ones you have previously performed publicly with success. Avoid picking a song that's unfamiliar or overly challenging for you. This can throw you off at a performance or audition. You need to bring some emotional resonance to the performance. Before singing in public, give the meaning of a song's lyrics serious consideration. Find a personal connection to the song that allows you to best convey its underlying feeling.  Read the lyrics online and think about each word. Ask yourself what the writer is trying to say and what underlying emotions are at play. Try to identify with the song on a personal level. For example, if a song is sad or melancholy, think of a time you've experienced these emotions personally. Preparation is the best way to give a  successful performance. Make sure to practice a little bit each day in the weeks leading up to an audition or show. Giving yourself ample time to learn the music will help ensure a quality performance. Ensure that you memorize the song completely before the audition or performance. Always come to an audition or performance prepared. Make sure you have a printed copy of your sheet music on hand. In case you get nervous and forget something, you can consult the sheet music to get yourself back on track.


Choose the right pan. Preheat the pan. Heat some oil.

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Some pans work better than others.  Ideally, you'd like to use a heavy pan like a cast-iron pan.  These pans can reach really high temperatures that help sear the edge of the meat and keep in the flavors.  They also help to produce that slightly crusted char that provides a sweet flavor.  Many prefer a cast-iron pan because it can be used to sear the meat before transferring it into the oven.  A griddle pan could work as a substitute for a flat pan. Select a smaller pan if possible.  If you choose a larger pan you may be tempted to cook more than one steak at a time, and potentially miss the mark on the doneness. The reason you preheat is that the steak tastes better when the edges get seared quicker.  A preheated pan allows the ribeye to brown evenly, eliminating the water and creating a sweet caramelization.   Aside from that, a hot pan eliminates the need to flip the meat multiple times during cooking. If you have to flip the ribeye multiple times, don't worry too much.  Some tests have shown the meat to be cooked more evenly and quickly when flipped multiple times. Choose something neutral like groundnut oil, which has a mild flavor and doesn't burn at high temperatures.  Some other oils with high with smoke points are peanut oil, rice oil, and corn oil.  If the oil is not hot, it could transfer an oily or greasy flavor to the meat.   Use about a quarter cup (60ml) in a traditional 12-inch pan.  Do not use butter as your medium, because it smokes too quickly at high temperatures. Do not mix butter with the oil.  It will not stop the milk proteins in the butter from burning.  To know when the oil is ready, wiggle the pan around and there should be a nice, free-flowing movement to the oil.


Choose the right plunger. Burp the plunger. Flush or rinse.

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There are two styles of plungers, and each one is suitable for different types of drains. The flange plunger has an extra flap attached to the inside of the cup that makes it ideal for toilets. A plain cup plunger doesn’t have this extra rubber flap, and is best for creating seals with drain openings in:  Sinks Bathtubs Showers When you insert the plunger into the water, the cup will likely trap air inside, and this will reduce the pressure created when you plunge. You need lots of force to remove a clog, and air trapped in the cup will stop this from happening. To burp the air from the plunger:  Rest the cup on the bottom of the basin or bowl Tilt the cup to one side Allow the air bubbles to escape With the cup tilted, plunge once or twice to push air from the cup Once you’ve removed debris from the second plunge, flush the toilet or rinse out the sink, tub, or shower with clean water. The toilet should flush normally, and the sink should drain properly. Stay close so you can turn off the water if the clog hasn’t been removed.  In case water starts backing up in the toilet bowl, shut off the water by turning the valve beside the toilet to the right (clockwise). For a sink, simply turn off the taps if the water doesn’t drain properly. Try plunging again if the clog hasn’t been removed. You can also try a drain snake, or call a plumber.


Choose the right polish. Apply the polish to a dry cloth. Buff the brass. Rinse and dry to remove residual polish.

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Many commercial metal polishes can be too abrasive for some brass items. As a general rule, look for a polish specifically labeled to work for brass. One labeled for use on the particular brass item you intend to polish is an even better choice.  Use a wadding-type polish when possible. Other types of commercial polish can be too rough since they are formulated to clean automotive metals or stainless steel. Avoid products that contain tarnish inhibitors since they tend to leave a film on the surface of the brass. Also avoid products containing ammonia since ammonia can dissolve the copper component of brass. Common brands include Brasso, Bar Keepers Friend, Never Dull, Cameo, Hagerty and Blitz. Squeeze a dollop of the brass polish onto a soft cloth. A little can go a long way, so you do not need to use much.  Use a soft cotton or terrycloth rag for best results. It is recommended that you apply the polish to the cloth instead of applying it directly to the surface of the brass. Applying the polish to the brass can make it more difficult to spread the polish evenly, and as a result, one portion of the brass might get a higher concentration of polish than the rest of the surface. Wipe the brass down with the polish-coated cloth, applying even pressure in small, circular motions. Cover the entire surface in this manner. Follow the label instructions on the polish when applying it, even if they differ from those described here. Most polishes work in the same way, but different formulas can have slightly different requirements, and using a polish improperly can result in damage to your brass. For some polishes, you may need to wipe the polish off with a damp cloth before buffing gently with a clean, dry cloth. Some polishes do not need to be rinsed off. Even for these polishes, though, you should still buff the surface with a dry cloth.


Choose the right screen size. Take at least a six cell battery. Get at least 1 GB of RAM if you use Windows XP. Pick the appropriate drive type. Use a neoprene sleeve with a zipper.

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Most people with good eyesight go for the 9” display (1024 x 600). Smaller than that often means a lower screen resolution that most web pages won’t fit in, presenting you with a horizontal scroll-bar. A 10” model offers a bigger keyboard and more readable text. People with poor eyesight can even consider a 12". Although that's not a netbook anymore, it's still more portable than a 15" notebook. In that range, you also find better hardware specifications than the relative simple netbooks, but with a higher price tag as well. Keep in mind that with time the battery performance will decrease. You take a netbook with you without the power adapter, so you need more autonomy. Some models are lifted higher up thanks to the bigger battery, providing better ventilation and a good grip to hold it better. In situations where you will work longer on your netbook than the expected battery duration, you can take the power supply with you OR a second battery.  SSD (Solid State Disk) boots faster and is more robust.  On the other hand, HDD (hard disk drive) typically holds more and works better if you use demanding applications or download lots of music or videos. Adding a portable hard disk goes at expense of mobility. They don’t make the netbook much bigger but still protect it against dust, rain and impact. Try it with the biggest battery mounted. Alternatively, a toilet bag can be used. They are cheap, waterproof and leave a bit of space for the extra battery or adapter.


Choose the right shade of primer. Choose the finish of your primer. Choose the texture of your eye primer. Make your own primer

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For general, everyday use, you want to look for a primer that matches your complexion or is just a tiny bit lighter. This will look the most natural if you forego eyeshadow and just do a liner and it won't alter the shade of your eyeshadow by adding pigmentation.  If you're doing a smokey eye or a dark eyeshadow, look for a darker primer to add depth to your look. If you are using multiple colors and really want them to pop, try a white primer. You can also use a clear primer for the most versatile option. Since primer is a base to even out your skin tone, it should really be matte or transparent, rather than shimmery.  Consider color correcting primer if you have dark circles or want to brighten your eyes. Primers with a yellow or peach cast will neutralize the purples, browns, and "bruise" shades of under eye circles. A primer with a little bit of green can neutralize pink or reddish skin. Matte primers are great for everyday use, because they tend to last longer and give you a more neutral base for your eye makeup. Even if your skin is not oily, eyelids tend to get a little greasy throughout the day, and the matte finish will help absorb the grease and keep your makeup in place.  A satin or shimmery finish works when you are wearing no shadow over your primer or plan to use a sparkly eyeshadow. Keep in mind these don't have quite the staying power as a matte primer, and that you shouldn't use a matte eyeshadow over a shimmery primer or it will look off.  If you have very dry skin, try a gel-based primer or one that illuminates skin.  Matte primers work with both matte and shimmery eyeshadows--they allow you to add all the shine using the makeup, not the primer.  Matte primers are especially effective in hot and humid weather, because it will keep the grease and shine under control. Primers come in gel, cream, liquid, or stick form. The texture of your primer will influence how it feels on your lids and how long it will last. Gel primers usually last the longest and can be worn with all types of eyeshadow....


Choose the right shampoo. Condition your hair. Apply heat serum before using styling tools. Use a deep conditioner. Use a volumizer. Replace regular shampooing with dry shampoo.

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Shampoos are made in a wide variety for different hair types and can range from cheap to very expensive. While you should avoid choosing really cheap shampoos, salon shampoos may not provide any extra benefit to your hair. Focus more on picking a shampoo for your hair type (shampoo for dry-damaged hair or for oily hair). This may seem obvious, but conditioning hair is important because it moisturizes your hair and helps restore the natural oils that you need. Avoid applying conditioner to your roots as this can create extra oily hair. Choose a conditioner that is also right for your hair type. If you have dry hair you may need a hydrating conditioner, or if you have oily hair you might like a light weight conditioner. All of us can't avoid using styling tools forever, but we can keep our hair as healthy as possible when applying heat. Before blow drying, curling, or straightening your hair always apply a heat serum or heat spray. These come in many different brands and they can be found at any grocery or drug store. Along with your regular conditioner, it can be good to apply a deep conditioner at least once a week to do some damage repair. Some popular hair masks are made by Neutrogena, Alterna Ten, Aussie, and Fekkai. What is often in style is thick hair with lots of body, but unfortunately not everyone is blessed with this hair type. Volumizers are great because they help you achieve that look even if you hair is extremely fine. Flip your hair over and spray a few spritz to your roots and the rest of your hair. Then create volume by blow drying or boosting your hair with your hands. If you want to maintain the best health for your hair, it's good to avoid washing your hair too much, but you may feel like your hair just looks way too dirty. Dry shampoos are great because they are an easy product that covers any dirt or grease in your hair and makes it look fresh. Spray the dry shampoo in your roots, spread it evenly through your hair with your fingers, and then run a brush through your hair to make it look...


Choose the right size fedora. Choose a color and texture that matches your style. Add embellishments. Wear it with a leather jacket. Wear it with a sweater. Pair it with prints.

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To do this, either measure your head or try the fedora on for size before purchasing. If the fedora does not leave a red mark around your forehead when you take it off, or fall down around your ears, it's a good fit.  Fedoras generally look better on women when they wear their hair down, but you can also pull your hair into a low ponytail or bun at the nape of your neck. If this is something you're planning to do, try both hairstyles out when trying on your fedora to make sure they work. Women usually position fedoras so they are jauntily askew, rather than sitting squarely on the head. To do this, tilt the brim so the hat is positioned over your eyebrows. If the brim tips down over your eyes when you move, the hat is too big. Neutrals like black and camel are popular, but to give yourself a fun, whimsical edge, try wearing a fedora in a bright color, like purple or green. You can also look for fedoras in interesting textures, like denim or leather.   If you choose to rock a bright fedora, make the fedora your focal point. Wear something subdued, like black or a neutral color on the bottom so you don't distract from your hat.  Pair your colorful fedora with a dark trench for the perfect rainy day outfit. Sometimes you will find a fedora that you really like, but it's missing that something extra. If you want to take your fedora to the next level, try hot-gluing a dramatic feather to the inside of your fedora band.  If your fedora does not come with a band, you can glue a ribbon around the hat. If you don't want to commit to an embellishment, try tying the ribbon around the hat. Then you can swap out your ribbon for different colored sashes or bands, depending on your outfit. The brighter the color of your fedora, the fewer embellishments you should add. Pairing your fedora with a leather jacket will give you a rock and roll edge. Try wearing a t-shirt or flannel shirt under your jacket for a 90's grunge vibe.  If you don't have a leather jacket or don't want to buy one for ethical reasons, try using a faux...


Choose the right size tank. Maintain an appropriate pH level. Add appropriate vegetation to the tank. Get the tank at the proper temperature.

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Even if your angelfish is small now, it will grow. Angelfish can grow to be about 6 inches long and 8 inches tall. When selecting a tank, make sure it's at least 55 gallons in capacity. If you can afford a tank bigger than this, and fit it in your home, bigger is always preferred. Even if your angelfish does not grow to be very big, it's always better to have more space than necessary. You can measure the pH of your tank using a home testing kit, which you can purchase at most pet stores or online. You should wait 24 hours to test tap water, as the pH will change once it's been exposed to the air. Angelfish require a pH level between 6 and 8.  If you need to raise your pH level, this can be done in several ways. Add crushed coral, which can raise the pH level. You can also add baking soda, shells, and chemical buffers sold at pet stores.  If you need to lower pH levels, adding wood to the tank can help. You can also buy a chemical buffer made to lower pH. Angelfish prefer a tank with a lot of substrate and vegetation. Decorate the tank appropriately to keep your angelfish happy.  Rocks and hiding places are important for angelfish. Stop by your local pet store and pick out a variety of tank decorations. Try to add things like floating drift wood, as this reflects an angelfish's natural environment. Also, plants that stand vertically are great for an angelfish tank. Angelfish thrive at a temperature between 75 and 84 degrees Fahrenheit (24 to 29 degrees Celsius). You will probably have to install a heating system to keep the tank at this level. You can buy a heating system online or at your local pet store. Follow the instructions to set up the system and make sure the water is at the appropriate temperature. You should keep a thermometer in the tank. If the water gets too hot or too cold, adjust your heater accordingly.


Choose the right snake. Teach your kids to play with your pet snake. Respect hibernation. Handle your snake carefully.

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When you decide to get a pet snake, it is important that you choose the right one. There are several kinds of snakes that make good pets. Think about your priorities when choosing the one that is right for you.  The larger the snake, the more space you will need. If your home has limited room, look for a smaller snake. If you are not an experienced snake owner, you need a snake that is easier to handle. Don't immediately try to get a large snake with a bad temper. Corn snakes are among the most popular options. They usually grow to less than 6 feet long, and they are even tempered. The king snake is also a good choice. They adapt very well to living in captivity. If you are going to keep a pet snake, it is important that each member of your household learn to care for the snake. It's a good idea to teach your children to learn to properly care for the snake. This will help them remain safe when they play with their pet.  Remind your kids that snakes are not toys. They are living creatures and it is important to treat them respectfully. Pets are great because they can help teach your kids responsibility. Use feeding times to teach your kids the importance of sticking to a routine. Snakes are fairly low-maintenance, so they can work well for kids. There is no hair or fur to clean up, and they don't need to be walked. If you have kids, consider getting a corn snake or ball python. If they do bite, the wound won't be severe. Part of keeping your snake safe means paying attention to physical needs. Some snakes require regular periods of hibernation. This occurs most often in the winter.  Provide your snake a proper environment for hibernation. Keep the room cool and dark. If your snake is hibernating, do not try to handle him. It is not the right time to play. For the most part, leave your snake alone during hibernation. How long it lasts will depend on what type of snake you have. Just remember to check on him regularly and supply fresh water. Most snakes prefer not to be handled regularly. But if you make a...


Choose the right spots. Rotate application spots. Pay attention to dosage. Ask your doctor questions.

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Progesterone cream is a fat-soluble substance, which makes it easily absorbed through the skin. It is best to choose spots on your body that have the greatest amounts of capillary blood, because it will be absorbed most quickly. There are many different spots that will work. You can rub small amounts of the cream into your neck, face, breasts, chest, and the insides of your hands. In order to avoid a particular area of your body becoming saturated, mix up the application spots each day. For example, do not apply to your neck both in the morning and the evening. If you have trouble remembering which spot you used last, just make a note and stick it to your bathroom mirror. That will serve as an easy reminder. When trying to become pregnant, you will typically need 30-40 milligrams of progesterone per day. The cream can easily be used to supplement what your body is supplying. Most creams come with instructions to apply about 20 milligrams twice a day. That is an amount about the size of 1/4 of a teaspoon. Make sure to discuss your specific fertility issues with your doctor to determine if progesterone cream will be right for you.Talk to your doctor if you have amenorrhea or a lack of a menstruation cycle. For women with amenorrhea (no period), it can be more difficult to use progesterone cream, as calculation of when to start the cream can be complicated.


Choose the right study abroad program. Once you choose your program, you have to take the required tests and get the scores before application deadline of the program. Once you are done with the tests and arranging documents for applying, fill out your application and submit. Once you get your admission decision, ask them for the official admission document like i20. Begin to immerse yourself in the local culture. Prepare for your destination city.

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This is the most important step. You'll have to decide what program is best for you — not what program is best for your twenty closest friends in college. You'll have to pick the program you want to do, and the city where you'll be studying. Here's how to decide:  If you're not majoring in a foreign language or interested in one particular foreign culture, do some research. Look through travel guides and search the Internet to see what city appeals to you. Once you've narrowed your list down to a few places, ask around to see if you know anyone who did the program you were thinking of, and ask how it was. If you are already majoring or minoring in a foreign language, it's likely that you'll want to study in a country where that language is spoken. You need to check to see how many credits toward your major or minor you will receive from each program. You can also decide if you want to do a program directly through your school or through another college. There are advantages and disadvantages to both. If you choose a program through your own college, it's likely that your credits will transfer more easily, that you'll be around some people you know and will feel more comfortable, and that you'll have to do a lot less paperwork to get the process approved. If you choose a program outside of your university, you may have more options to choose from and will be more adventurous because you'll be studying with a group of people you've never met, but you'll have to do more work to find and apply to the program. Then you might have to report the scores to the chosen program departments or schools as instructed in how to apply in their website. You'll have to ask about the student visa requirements and make sure to have a current passport. Each country is different, so figure this out well in advance. Different countries have different documents, with which you can apply for a visa, then apply for a student visa. You can start preparing for your study abroad trip months in advance. Not only will this make you more...


Choose the right swimsuit for your figure. Eat Develop good muscle  tone. Check out your swimsuit before you go onstage. Walk with poise and confidence in your swimsuit.

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There are some general guidelines when it comes to picking a swimsuit for a pageant. Lined, two-piece swimsuits in a solid color are the typical choice. You can and should, however, get more specific than that. Look for a swimsuit that flatters your specific body type.  If you have a small bust, wear a push-up bra, top with ruffles, or sewn-in bra to portray fullness. If you have a large bust, try a moderate V neckline with good support. Avoid a bikini top with too many details. If you have a straight body, go for a halter top, curved seams, and details like bows and buckles. If you have a wider torso, try a simple suit in a muted color. well. You shouldn’t go on an extreme diet, but physical fitness is usually considered in beauty pageants. Physical fitness does not mean skinny. Maintain a healthy diet and eat enough to have energy to work out. Eat plenty of vegetables, fruits, and grains daily. Make sure to drink enough water. Consult with a nutritionist if you aren’t sure how you should be eating for your physical fitness goal. The athletic look is the preferred body type in pageants lately. You should work out at least 3 or 4 times a week, though people competing in pageants will often exercise almost every day. Engage in physical activities you enjoy—like swimming, biking, or dancing for cardio, but don’t overdo it. You should also use challenging weights at the gym 3 to 4 times a week to build muscle.  Overdoing cardio would mean intense cardio sessions for an hour, but the right amount of exercise varies from person to person. Challenging weights means something different for every person. Use whatever weights that are challenging, but not nearly impossible for you. Look over yourself in the mirror while wearing your swimsuit. Make sure that the top is not too tight or loose. The seat of the swimsuit should smoothly cover your bottom without wrinkles or too much exposure. The fabric should mold against your torso, even as you move. The swimsuit portion of the competition is partially judged by how you...


Choose the right table. Place the table in a good spot. Make the most of lighting. Use a tablecloth or placemats. Use appropriate dishes. Arrange silverware appropriately. Coordinate napkins.

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Make this decision based on the number of people that it needs to accommodate, the amount of food that will be on it, and the type of party. For example, an outdoor party needs a table that will be weatherproof. The table itself plays a powerful role in setting the ambiance of the meal. A table made of exposed wood can set a more rustic tone, while a table of glass can appear more elegant.  The table does not need to be expensive to set a good tone for the party. It is more important that it accommodates the people and food well. Even a scratched table can look elegant if properly adorned with a beautiful tablecloth. Different tables are appropriate for different types of parties. A low table can allow guests to be seated on the floor for a cultural theme or even a beach party. A picnic table can work well for a child’s birthday party or a summer party.  You might want to consider using a separate table for food and for eating. This can help keep the table from becoming overcrowded. This is an especially helpful technique for a buffet dinner. Ideally, the table will not be difficult to access or hinder guests from being easily seated. Placing a table by a window can allow your outdoor surroundings to inspire guests. You could place the table by a fireplace for a cozy party in winter. Consider placing your table in or near the kitchen for easy cleanup. For an outdoor party, consider placing the table in the shade or under an umbrella or canopy. This will allow for some protection from the sun and other natural elements. Pay attention to the light for your table. A chandelier creates a different ambiance than natural light. Candles can set an intimate tone for your party while bright overhead lights are more energetic. Make sure your lights go with the rest of your table decor. This isn’t always necessary if you want to show off your table, but it can add a beautiful decorative touch. It is also important for protecting your table, which you will probably want to do with a kid’s table. Tablecloths can also make...


Choose the right time of year. Look for caterpillars on host plants. Order specific species of caterpillar online. Handle caterpillars with care.

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The best time to go caterpillar hunting is during the spring and summer, as this is when the majority of moths and butterflies will lay their eggs. However, some species - such as the woolly bear caterpillar - emerge in autumn. Winter is the only time of year when caterpillars cannot be found.  In the wild, caterpillar typically have a 2% survival rate, which means that for every 100 eggs a female butterfly or moth lays, only two will survive to maturity.  This is due to the large number of predators who list caterpillars as a food source. Therefore, by keeping the caterpillar as a pet, you are giving it a much greater chance of survival. Be aware that autumn caterpillars will most likely pupate for the entire winter, so you'll have to wait a lot longer for the moth or butterfly to emerge than with spring or summer butterflies, which typically emerge within 2 to 3 weeks. The best place to search for caterpillars is on their host plants, as caterpillars will typically stay close to their food source. If you are not picky about the type of caterpillar you want to care for, you can check the leaves of any plant in your garden or at the park. However, if you are looking for specific caterpillars/butterflies/moths, you will need to target specific plants. Some of the most common ones are as follows:  The caterpillars of Monarch butterflies are most commonly found on the Milkweed plant. The caterpillars of Spicebush Swallowtails are most commonly found on the Spicebush. The caterpillars of Zebra Swallowtails are most commonly found on the leaves of the Paw Paw tree. The caterpillars of Black Swallowtails are most commonly found on herbs such as parsley, dill and fennel. The caterpillars of Luna Moths are most commonly found on the leaves of Walnut and Sweet Gum trees. The caterpillars of Cecropia Moths, Viceroy butterflies and Red-Spotted Purple butterflies are most commonly found on the leaves of Cherry Trees. If there's a very specific type of caterpillar, butterfly or moth you want to care for, or if you're...


Choose the right time. Don't get emotional. Use "I" statements. Be willing to compromise. Be prepared for a no.

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Never talk to your parents when they are angry or stressed--they'll be less likely to listen to your arguments, and even less likely to say yes to your requests. Plan ahead of time and choose a time that allows for a conversation that isn't tense or rushed.  Plan ahead of time by choosing both a time and place that will make you relaxed and comfortable. It also helps to plan what you will say ahead of time. Choose your arguments, research your topics, and even write out a script to prepare yourself. Although it may be a topic about which you're passionate, avoid getting angry or begging. Try to speak in a level tone without raising your voice, and make sure you present your arguments--by stating the facts, you're able to avoid emotional appeals.  Avoid raising your voice, whining, interrupting, storming off, and slamming doors.  If your emotions start to get the best of you, take a deep breath and take a small break from the conversation. Come back to it only when you are composed and ready to continue. I statements help you to make an assertive statement without the receiving party becoming defensive and closed off. Listen to your parents' argument, describe how you feel, how the decision affects you, and how you hope for it to change.  For example, you can start the conversation by saying "I feel that I'm mature enough to grow out my hair." Follow it up with "I feel like a child when I'm not allowed to make decisions about my personal style." Lastly say something like, "I would like to grow my hair out to prove to you that I am still a responsible and mature individual." Be willing to "meet in the middle." Not only does compromising show that you are mature, but it can keep both parties happy. Promise that you won't grow your hair any longer than shoulder length, or agree that you won't add any wild colors or styles.  Promise that you'll get your hair cut every once in a while, trim dead ends, keep your hair looking nice, etc. Remind them, that long hair can always be cut, so it's not like you're trying to...


Choose the right time. Select a scion. Choose a rootstock plant. Keep the plants well watered prior to the graft.

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Graft your roses in mid-summer, because this is when the sap inside the plants is flowing. If the sap and nutrients are flowing, there's a better chance the graft will take and the new rose will thrive. The best time for grafting is after the mid-summer bloom cycle, which usually occurs in August. The scion, or the bud, is the plant you are going to be grafting onto another plant. With roses, a scion is often chosen because of its beautiful flowers, because those flowers will continue to grow after the graft.  The best scion is a young stem from the plant. The stem should have established leaves, should have flowered recently, and should have some hardwood starting to develop on it. For the best results, choose a stem from which the bloom has just faded. The rootstock is the plant to which the graft will be fused. Rootstocks are often chosen because they're healthy and hardy, but they may not have the prettiest flowers. In order for the graft to take, the rootstock must be another rose plant. Two of the most popular rose varieties for rootstock are Dr. Huey and Fortuniana. Roses need plenty of water to thrive, and the graft will have a better chance of taking if both the scion and rootstock plants are well watered before the procedure. Ideally, start giving both plants daily waterings in the two weeks leading up to the graft. Make sure the roses are watered thoroughly two days prior to the graft, and the night before.


Choose the right tool for the cut you need to make. Disinfect your tools after using them. Cut branches nearly down to the ground. Make cuts in branches at about 45 degree angles. Leave the base of the shrub wider than the top. Maintain symmetry in your pruning.

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The type of tool you use will depend on the area of the ninebark you are pruning. Depending on the size of your ninebark, you may need 1 tool for shoots and stems and another tool for branches. Some common pruning tools include:  Pruning shears. Pruning shears are best for cutting through branches that are up to 0.75 in (1.9 cm) in diameter. Loppers. Loppers, or lopping shears, work well for cutting through branches that are up to 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) in diameter. Hand saw. You may need a hand saw to remove branches greater than 1 in (2.5 cm) in diameter. Some hand saws are even strong enough to cut through branches as thick as 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter. For anything thicker, use a chainsaw. To prevent the spread of diseases among diseased and healthy plants, it is important to disinfect your gardening tools after using them. First, rinse your tools off with clean water. Then, mix up a disinfectant solution made up of 1 part bleach and 9 parts water. Soak your tools in the solution for 30 minutes and then rinse them off with clean water. Let them air dry or dry them with a clean towel before storing them. It is important to cut any branches you remove near the ground. Otherwise, they may hinder the growth of the ninebark and they will affect the appearance of the shrub as well. You can even cut the entire shrub nearly down to the ground if it is out of control. Whenever you need to remove a branch, cut it at a 45 degree angle. The lowest part of the branch should be even with the connecting branch and the highest part of the branch should be about 0.25 inches (0.64 cm) from the connecting branch. It is important to leave the bottom of the shrub wider than the top of the shrub after you prune it or the bottom of the shrub will not get adequate light. This could cause the ninebark to grow poorly. Prune the shrub at a slight angle so that there is a gradual thickening towards the base. For example, you could prune the ninebark into a pyramid-type shape with a rounded top. For aesthetic reasons, make your cuts...


Choose the right tools. Sanitize your tools to prevent infection. Select which branches to prune. Develop a single leader. Ensure all branches receive adequate light.

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Use sharp shears on young trees with branches that are 1/2 inch (1.27cm) in diameter or smaller. Use pruning saws or long-handled loppers for pruning mature trees. If you don’t have pruning tools of your own, you might be able to rent some from your local hardware store – a good option for a tool you might use for only a few hours each year. After pruning a particular tree, dip the blades of your shears or pruning saw in a solution of one part alcohol and one part water for at least 60 seconds before moving on to the next tree.  This will prevent disease from spreading to other trees.  Alternately, you could use a solution of water and commercial cleaning solutions like Pine-Sol, chlorine bleach, or Lysol.  Just mix one part cleaning solution with a volume of water five times that of the cleaning agent and dip your pruning tools in it for at least 60 seconds. Always cut dead, damaged, and diseased branches (the “three D’s”).  Additionally, cut any suckers – short, new branches sprouting from the trunk.  Watersprouts – branches that grow straight up from an outward-facing limb and typically appear in spring – should be pruned, too.  Remove competing and downward-growing branches. Downward-growing branches generally do not produce a very high fruit yield. Generally, do not prune branches that are growing out of the trunk at about a 45-degree angle.  Anything growing at a much smaller or larger angle should be pruned. If the trunk of the tree splits into several parallel and competing trunks, your tree will have trouble growing and will be more difficult to prune.  Prune your tree in such a way that discourages direct upright growth, except from the central trunk.  Only the uppermost bud of the leader should be allowed to remain during pruning sessions.  This system is appropriate for most trees, and crucial for apple, pear, cherry, and European blue plum trees. For a few fruit trees – peach, nectarine, apricot, and Japanese plum trees – pruning to a central leader is unnecessary. Try to prune the top of the...