Read and annotate. Re-read the source with “W” questions. Use “PAPER,” alternately. Review the source’s usefulness.

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Take a first stab at the source, reading it through carefully, slowly, and thoroughly. What are your impressions? Look for any clues based on the question.  Consider annotating the source while you read. Make sure to note any points that can help you. Does the source mention events? People? Dates? Places? These are important. Your first impressions can turn out to be right. Even if something seems obvious, or minor, write it down anyway. The next step is the meat of your task and should help to generate your answer for the test. Read the source again, this time asking yourself five specific “W”-questions: who, what, when, where, and why?  Ask: who wrote the source? This is important because it can tell you about the author’s place in society, her concerns, and possible biases. Ethnicity, class, age, and sex are all important. If not obvious, you may have to guess this from clues in the text. What is the source? It might be a diary entry, a letter, a newspaper column, or a government memo. Try to figure this out – it can tell you what message the author was trying to get across and who the intended audience was.  You may or may not have an idea of the “when.” Dates can help you. Otherwise, what sort of events or ideas does the source mention? Can you identify a time period with this context? Does the language sound current or older? This may help, too. Answers to questions like “when,” “where” may or may not be obvious. Pay attention to any events, arguments, or ideas that the source mentions. Why was the source written? This question may be the hardest to unpack and is just as important as factual information. A source might have a clear message. It might not. However, every author has her own point of view. Does she have an “axe to grind” or a stake in the issue? Other than asking “W-questions,” you can also try the “PAPER” method. PAPER is an acronym that will guide your evaluation of the sources, and covers much of the same ground as before.  “P” stands for purpose: what is the purpose of the author in...


Read any introductory material that accompanies the document. Summarize. Ask questions. Make connections. Make inferences. Write down anything else you thought of while reading the document.

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If you have found a primary source in an archive or online, there may be a short summary of the document set. If you are reading a primary source that your teacher or professor gave you, there may be a paragraph of introductory material.  If there is no introductory material at all, pay close attention to the title, author, and date. For example, if your textbook contains a diary entry from a Southern slaveholder written in 1840, perhaps the introductory material tells you how many slaves he held or where his plantation was. Primary sources are often very dense, and many are full of jargon.  Sometimes, especially if you are working with an older document, you will run into words and phrases that are unfamiliar to you.  Summarizing as you read will help you keep track of what the document is saying.  Jot down a short 5-10 word summary at the end of every paragraph or at least every section (if it’s a longer text).  Maybe the slaveholder’s diary begins with a paragraph all about the crops he is planning to plant this year. Your summary could simply say, “Crops = tobacco, wheat, corn.”  Bullet points, keywords, and lists are a great way to do this. Re-copying lengthy text directly into the margins is probably not that helpful. Consider a quick sketch in lieu of a written summary.  It doesn’t have to be anything fancy.  Venn diagrams, charts, stick figures, etc. are great. If something doesn’t make sense, write down your question about it. If an element of the text leaves you wanting to know more, write down your question about it.  If you come to a section in the slaveholder’s diary about one of his slaves falling ill, you might write, “Who is in charge of health on this plantation? Slaves? Or the wife of the slaveholder?” It’s important to put the document in the context of other things you know. You can try to make connections to other texts, lectures (especially if you’re analyzing the source for a class), your own life, or current events. Perhaps you saw the movie, Twelve Years a Slave. The slaveholder’s...


Read any specific questions mentioned. Outline the basic structure of your statement. Create a strong beginning. Write a body to support your statement purpose. Maintain a positive tone.

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Sometimes, an institution or organization will provide a list of specific questions or topics they want you to address. If this is the case, review the list carefully so that you can outline answers that directly answer those concerns.  Often, these questions will be listed directly on the application, or otherwise on the job posting or program web page. If you're not sure if your application needs to address specific questions, reach out to the program coordinator or the contact person listed on the posting. You will generally only have 1-2 pages to fit all of your information into your statement. Outlining your statement before you write will make sure you cover all your most salient points in your limited space. Try to pick 2-4 critical points to cover.  Prioritize the purpose of your statement in your outline. For example, if you're applying to a graduate program, your graduate project should be your main focus. Write about what interests you. You will be able to write more convincingly and more passionately if you write about events, goals, experiences, or ideas that you already feel passionate about. Address issues specifically brought up by the institution or organization. If there are any topics that the reader demands to see, then make sure that those are included in your personal statement. Your first paragraph must grab the reader's attention. A strong introductory paragraph will clearly introduce the thesis or theme of your personal statement while creating a sense of narrative as if you're introducing a story. Use a personal anecdote to hook your readers.  Avoid starting with common or cliché phrases like, “The most important moment in my life was when...” A better way to introduce that “important moment” would be to simply start describing it. Explain that, “When I first started working at XYZ Company, I didn't know the first thing about widget manufacturing.” Directly break into the narrative instead of alerting the reader that you intend to do so. Provide as much detail in the first paragraph...


Read as much as you can. Increase your vocabulary. Write something. Learn a new language. Post-problem solve. Turn off the television. Use your non-dominant hand. Learn to play a musical instrument.

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Reading is great brain exercise. You can read newspapers, magazines or books but just keep in mind that the more challenging the text is, the more of a workout your brain will get. Like any exercise, start small and work your way up. Try reading books that will teach you something new, such as books about history or another subject that interests you. You can also learn new words from a word-a-day calendar or dictionary. This exercises the language portion of your brain. Try writing a new word someplace where you will see it often, such as on a whiteboard in your kitchen or on a sticky note on your desk. Choose a word that is challenging to spell and use to get the most out of this daily exercise. Writing requires loads of thinking! You can write made-up stories, write down the things that have happened to you, or write articles for wikiHow on the topics you know about and love! Learning a language is like a hack for your brain, opening up all sorts of pathways. This exercises the part of your brain that stores language information, even making you better at speaking your own language. Languages are a great way to keep learning new things and challenging your brain. Even if you only learn a few new words or phrases in a language, this will exercise your brain. Consider the different possibilities of how something in your day could have gone, and explore the consequences. This improves creativity and makes you a better problem solver. Television tells you what to think and how to think it, basically putting your brain on autopilot. That's why it's so relaxing! If you want to keep your brain from stagnating, the first thing you have to do is turn off the TV. If you really want to watch, use your brain while you watch. Choose to watch educational programs and if you watch popular programs, choose ones with complex plot lines or character interactions. Think about these while you watch and try to analyze them or guess what happens next. You may even consider cancelling your cable or satellite service and only...


Read as much fantasy fiction as you can. Determine what (if any) magical elements your story will contain. Hook your readers early on in the story. Introduce your main characters before drama ensues. Resist the urge to incorporate every detail and description.

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If you want to write an epic fantasy story, it's a good idea to read extensively within the genre. Trying to write within a genre you've never read will only produce mediocre work, and dedicated readers of the genre will recognize the lack of authority in your writing.  Some popular and widely-adored fantasy authors include C.S. Lewis, T.H. White, Fritz Leiber, J.R.R. Tolkien, Susanna Clarke, and Kelly Link.  Ask a librarian at your local library or an employee at your local book store to recommend some classic, influential fantasy novels for beginners to the genre. Not all fantasy novels include magic, but those that do typically establish a sense of order for the realm of magic. There needs to be some type of method and logic to the magic, and it should be clear and unambiguous for readers.  Plan out the magical elements thoroughly. Consider whether those elements need explanation or exposition in order to make sense to readers, and decide what the "rules" or limits of that magic is in your world. If your story takes place in an historical society (or a fictional society based on some real historical culture), make sure you thoroughly research that society/culture so you can write about it honestly and accurately. Catching a reader's interest from the start is important for any story, but especially in fantasy fiction. Dedicated readers of the genre will want to know that their efforts will be rewarded, and failing to hook your audience from early on may result in your readers losing interest as the story goes along.  You don't necessarily need a huge, "bombshell" reveal early in the story. However, you should at least hint at exciting and intriguing things to come. You'll need to deliver on the things you hint at later in the story, so don't offer false promises of something exciting that never unfolds. Many fantasy authors open a story with some type of battle scene. While this can be exciting and may show off certain characteristics of the principal characters, the reality is that readers won't know who...


Read baby books. Search online. Ask friends or family for suggestions.

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These are great resources to get inspiration on a lot of different names. You can even search by popularity and by gender. You can use popular search engines for popular pet names by breed, gender, age, country, or just about any specifications you can think of! To get a better result in your search, try to be specific in what you’re looking for. Try things like:  Cat names with Greek origins. Good names for Great Pyrenees puppies. Hamster names for lazy hamsters. “Marvel superhero names good for pets. A new pet is something to be excited about and news to share! You can talk to those close to you for suggestions on naming your new family member.


Read below.

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3DS model This DS cannot be fold Priced for $129.99 Does not have the 3D function More GB (gigabytes) than 3DS Has a sleep switch Does not have a Power Saving mode Wifi switch is in power saving mode area Better battery life than 3DS No charging dock


Read below:

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Here : qui There : Has two forms as  là comes after preposition or when the place could be seen lì usually comes at the beginning of a sentence.   Everywhere : dappertutto Wherever: dovunque Up : su Down : giù


Read body language Practice active listening. Know if someone is lying. Predict what others will do.

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. You can tell a lot about a person from their body language, which will help you figure out who has good intentions and who doesn’t. You can tell what someone is feeling and predict how people will behave. Once you’ve trained yourself in the art, people will think you’re a super-sleuth just like Sherlock Holmes. Many times when people talk, you casually listen, nodding along to let them know you’re following the conversation. Active listening requires greater focus on what the other person is saying, as well as how they are saying it and the tone they are using.  Cut out distractions so that you can really pay attention when people speak to you. For example, put away your phone and take a break from any tasks you were doing. Maintain eye contact with the person speaking to you. Focus on what the other person is saying, not on what you’re going to say in response. Paraphrase what the other person said before adding your own thoughts. Part of having good intuition is being able to spot a liar, so learning how to detect when someone is lying to you is essential if you want to develop your intuition. You must be able to spot the truths and the lies.  People who are lying often cover their nose and mouth. They may also twirl their hair or tug on their clothes. While it may take time, learning to spot micro-expressions in a person’s face can also help you figure out if a person is lying. Watch for inexplicable sweating. For example, if the person starts sweating in an air-conditioned room, then they may be lying. Listen to the speed at which a person speaks. Slow or fast speech can indicate lying. Use your skills to predict how others will behave. For example, you could predict who will forget to bring their Secret Santa gift on the right day, or which of your group mates will volunteer to make the presentation. By reading others, you can make better decisions for yourself by anticipating their behaviors.


Read books about loss with your child. Watch for radical changes in behavior or grades. Contact a school guidance counselor or social worker.

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One way that you can continue to help your child cope with the death of a friend is to read together. Find an age-appropriate book. Use the opportunity to read to your child, learn more about loss, and grow together.  Ask for books about death and loss for children at your local bookstores or libraries. A librarian may be able to make recommendations. You can probably find them in sections on psychology. Books like When Someone Very Special Dies, I Know I Made it Happen: A Gentle Book About Grief, or The Next Place may be appropriate. It’s perfectly normal and expected for your child’s behavior to change after the death of a friend. Kids may seem detached. They may show regressive or immature behavior or even become angry and lash out. Within limits, this is normal. But watch for any signs that your child may need extra help in coping.  For example, act if your normally outgoing and loving child becomes angry, withdrawn, morose, or overly anxious. A counselor or school therapist can help deal with these emotions. Pay attention to your child’s performance in school, as well. A noticeable drop in his or her grades could mean that the child is struggling and needs extra support. Reach out to people around your child who can offer help, like teachers, school guidance counselors, or social workers. Talk with staff at the school to explain that your child is struggling with mourning. It may take some time, even with help, for your child to come around again.  Think about mentioning the situation to your child’s teacher, even if just in passing. That way, he will understand if your child acts out-of-character in the classroom. You might also set up a meeting between your child and the guidance counselor. This can be private – just the counselor and your child – or you can ask to participate.


Read books about the fundamentals of art. Learn about lines. Create different shapes. Understand form. Learn the color theory. Realize how space is used.

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Check out books from your local library about the basic concepts of art. You can also buy books about art at your local bookstore or from garage sales to build a home library of references. Lines are the most basic concept of art, and used in every artistic creation. Lines can show movement, define when a shape ends, lead a viewer’s eyes in a certain direction, and do many more things. The different thickness of lines can also create different looks within an art piece. Understanding the different ways you can use a line in art will help you convey your vision. Shapes are created when lines connect. There are the basic, geometric shapes that we all learn in primary school like circle, square, triangle and rectangle, but there are also other shapes you need to learn about to create great art.  Organic, or free form, shapes are shapes that don’t seem to follow any rules. Unlike geometric shapes, organic shapes can’t use math to understand them. Shapes like an inkblot, a tree, or a cloud would be considered organic, free form shapes. Positive shapes are the shapes of an object that lines have made. Negative shapes are the shapes of the area around an object. Static shapes are shapes that appear to be at rest. Dynamic shapes are shapes that appear to be moving. Form refers to an shape that is 3 dimensional. This can be an actual 3D object like a sculpture, or a rendition of a 3D object in a drawing or painting. When creating form in a drawing or painting you need to understand highlights, midtones, and shadows, and how they work together to give a shape its form. Color refers to the spectrum of light being reflected off of an object and into an eye. The color theory is made up of three parts that build upon each other, and understanding them will help you chooses the right colors to create your art.  Part one of the color theory is the color wheel. It'll takes the rainbow (Roy G BIV) and puts it in a wheel. The wheel is made up of the primary colors red, blue, and yellow and the secondary colors green, purple,...


Read books on lots of subjects. Take time to learn something new every day. Get to know people from different backgrounds. Try new foods. Learn to appreciate the arts.

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Reading is a great way to learn new things, expand your horizons, and become more sophisticated. It will also give you an edge in social situations, since you’ll always be able to talk about what you’ve been reading! Make it a goal to read books in a variety of genres, including fiction, non-fiction, and classic literature. Don’t just stick to literary classics or books you think you “should” be reading. Read about whatever you find interesting! Building your knowledge and skills will help you become a more cultured and sophisticated person. Try reading an article about an unfamiliar subject each day, taking a few minutes to get caught up on current events, or working on a new skill.  You can also try signing up for classes on subjects you find interesting. If you’re not in school, look for classes you can take online, at a community center, or at a local college or university. Try taking up a new hobby, like painting, crocheting, archery, or rock climbing. Step outside of your own familiar setting by spending time with people from different cultures and social backgrounds. Try getting to know people of different ages, too. You may be surprised by what you can learn from them! Traveling is a great way to get to know people from other cultures, but it’s not always practical or affordable. If you can’t travel, try connecting with a pen pal from another country. A big part of becoming cultured is getting out of your comfort zone and experiencing new things. Try new foods from different cultures to expand your horizons and develop a more sophisticated palate.  Visit a restaurant that serves a kind of food you’ve never tried, or invite a friend from another cultural background to swap recipes with you. Eating new foods is a great way to learn about other cultures and connect with other people who share your interest in good cuisine! Make time to learn about some artists or styles you’re unfamiliar with, or learn more about art you already know and admire. Cultivating an interest in the arts, whether visual or...


Read books or articles about spirituality to increase your knowledge. Attend lectures, workshops, and classes related to your spiritual interests. Meet with friends who have similar spiritual goals to guide each other. Travel to expand your mind and find yourself.

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Whatever your faith tradition, whether connected to a religion or not, you should be able to find books to guide you. Take a little time each day to read from these books, as they'll offer you guidance on your journey to being more spiritual.  If you're not sure where to begin, ask for suggestions from like-minded friends or your favorite librarian. If you are wanting to explore different religions, try reading parts or all of the central religious books of the major religions, such as the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament, and the Quran. Check your local colleges and universities for free community lectures. You can also check churches, temples, and mosques for visiting lecturers presenting on spiritual interests. Libraries may also have the occasional class or workshop.  You could also attend religious services at a local church, mosque, or temple. You can also look into local spiritual retreat centers for paid retreats and workshops. Going to hear others speak can open up your mind to new ideas about spirituality. You can also find these online. Ask around among your friends to see if anyone would like to have a discussion group. You could set up a weekly or even a monthly meeting where you meet up and talk about an issue or particular book or whatever your group finds interesting. Try to pick a topic ahead of time so people can come prepared.  This type of group can help keep you committed to your journey! If none of your friends are interested, try connecting with people on social media. You may find people in your area who want to meet up, which you can find through sites like Meetup, but you can also just discuss topics online! Traveling is a great way to learn more about the human experience, which is definitely a spiritual quality. It's also a great way to rejuvenate yourself and reflect on your place in the world. Whether you go to a brand new destination or a tried-and-true old favorite, traveling can jump start your spiritual journey, as it takes you away from your normal stressors and allows time...


Read classic tragedies. Learn the basic characters. Analyze the tragic hero figure. Study the tragic plot structure. Understand the types of plot.

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There have been many tragedies written throughout history, and each one reflects the time and place in which it was produced. Many scholars consider the epic works of Homer to be among the oldest examples of Greek tragedy, in which great heroes like Odysseus are faced with a series of misfortunes. But perhaps the most well-known tragedies are those penned by William Shakespeare, such as Hamlet or Julius Cesar, in which the hero almost invariably dies after tremendous suffering and misery.  Greek tragedies tended to address a single topic and its plot, while English tragedies (including the works of Shakespeare) usually have multiple storylines that are tied together through shared loss and suffering.  For a comprehensive collection of tragic works, consult your library, or search online. Many scholars and literary critics publish their own listings of what they consider the most important/influential works of literature. Though every tragedy is unique in its characters and plot points, there are some basic tropes of tragedy that tend to apply to all literary works in the genre. A tragedy generally involves either a tragic hero (often a person of great social importance), who suffers some great downfall and/or death as a result of some significant action or inaction, or the scapegoat (a person of low social importance), who is involuntarily thrust into tragic circumstances beyond his/her control. Most tragedies will have some or all of the following character types:  protagonist - the lead character, who is almost always a tragic hero antagonist - any person or thing against which the protagonist struggles (often a villain, but not always) foils/counterparts - side characters, often associated with the protagonist or antagonist, who reveal or complicate some key aspect(s) of the main characters stock characters - often used to exaggerate or expand on some characteristic that arises in the rest of the tragedy narrators/chorus - not necessarily present in every work of tragedy, but an important part of certain...


Read clear, non-verbal signs from your girl.

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A few signals that show her readiness can save you from making the wrong move:  She stares at your lips a lot. She starts talking about kissing, or kiss-related topics. Is she talking about how she has never had a great kiss? is she revealing to you that she appreciates a great kisser? If so it's time to pucker up and grace her with your kiss.   She pauses, as if expecting a kiss, especially at the end of the date. Be sure that there is no other reason for her apparent pausing and expectant state. If she is not appearing uncomfortable and appears to like the intimacy with you, then it is assumed that you can go in for a kiss.


Read clothing labels prior to washing. Sort your items based on color. Separate your clothes by fabric type. Turn dark clothing inside out.

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This is always a good precaution, regardless of what clothes you're washing. You want to make sure your clothing is machine washable. Not all clothing is.  Expensive clothing may be dry clean only. This means you'll have to take it to the dry cleaners. A dark business suit, for example, may be dry clean only. Other clothing, like wool clothing, may be hand wash only. You will have to gently wash these items in a sink or tub with a small amount of detergent, rinse them, and then hang them or lay them flat to dry. You do not want to throw in dark clothing with light clothing. Dark clothes, black clothes especially, can bleed onto lighter shades in the wash.  Go through your dirty laundry piece by piece. Have one pile for dark clothes, and one pile for light clothes. Take into consideration how dirty each piece of laundry is. You should not wash very dirty clothes with clothes that only need a light wash. Just because all your items are dark does not mean they can all be thrown in together. Fabric type affects the kind of wash a piece of clothing needs.  Heavier fabrics, like jeans and towels, should be washed separately from light to medium-weight fabrics, like t-shirts. Put delicates, like lacy underwear and bras, in their own pile. They should be washed separately. The wash cycle can agitate dark fabrics. This can result in a faded appearance. While all dark clothing fades over time, you can extend the shelf life of your dark outfits by turning them inside out prior to the wash.


Read each job posting carefully. Highlight the most important skills for each job. Pay attention to both required and “preferred” skills. Consider both hard and soft skills.

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Job postings or ads will provide you with essential information about the company, the job duties, and the type of person they employer is seeking. If you read the entire ad closely, you should be able to determine the majority of the qualifications a candidate will need to get an interview. Remember to consider the whole posting. For example, an ad for a customer service representative might explain that the job involves answering a high volume of calls daily. It may list only “call center experience” under the qualifications heading, but if you read the entire ad, you'll understand that experience taking calls of high volume is an implied necessity. You'll know, if you have this experience, to include it on your resume. As you read an ad, mark the skills that seem especially important for the job. This exercise will help you understand the type of person the employer is looking for and think through your own experience as it relates to these skills. Remember, as in the example above, that necessary skills can be stated or implied throughout a job posting, not just in the qualifications section. Read the whole ad, and highlight all skills that seem essential for securing an interview. Many job postings break desired qualifications into “must have” and “preferred” skills and experience. By listing these separately, companies state minimum qualifications needed to secure an interview while also listing skills that are likely to move you ahead of other candidates. If you do not list “preferred” skills as well as required ones, you put yourself at a disadvantage. Hard skills are teachable and quantifiable, like knowing how to navigate a customer database or being able to communicate in a foreign language. Soft skills, on the other hand, are more subjective and related to your personality traits; examples include problem-solving abilities, communication skills, and good time management. Most companies are looking for a good balance of both hard and soft skills from qualified candidates.


Read everything you can get your hands on. Expand your vocabulary. Brush up on grammar rules. Learn some key literary devices. Explore different writing methods.

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The more you read, the more you will be inspired to write. You will begin to naturally pick up rules of grammar and new writing styles. You will become more familiar with different styles, genres, and literary devices. By getting a sense of what sort of writing you like, you will begin to develop your own writing style. The more words you have access to, the better you will be able to communicate your ideas. With stronger vocabulary is, it will be easier for you to paraphrase the writing of others.  When you encounter a word you don’t know, look it up! Browse a dictionary or thesaurus for fun. Talk to others. The spoken word is a great source of new and exciting vocabulary. If you don’t understand the basic mechanics of sentences, you’ll always have trouble constructing them. When you maintain a grasp on the basics of grammar, your unique words can flow freely and be easily understood by your readers. Study some resources on grammar and style in order to fortify your knowledge.  A good resource is Strunk and White’s Elements of Style. Another great resources is Stephen King’s On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft. Literary devices, such as theme, symbolism, and dramatic irony, can be used to make your essay more interesting and to express a deeper message. Even academic essays can benefit from the use of appropriate literary devices.  Theme: A common thread or idea that is appears throughout a literary work. Symbolism: An object, character, or color that is used to represent an important idea or concept. Dramatic Irony: Irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters. Try to write using a variety of locations and tools. For example, try using a notebook and pen at a coffee shop, or typing on your laptop at home. In fact, writing with a paper and pen will make you less likely to copy, and more likely to paraphrase. Try composing a personal diary entry or a letter to a friend. All of these methods will help you to further develop your own writing style, as...


Read food labels every time. Replace added sugars with naturally occurring sugars. Avoid highly processed foods.

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Eliminating sugar requires paying very close attention to what you buy at the grocery store since sugar is added to many types of food.  The nutrition fact panel will let you know how many grams of sugar is in each serving of your food.  However, this doesn't tell you if it's natural or added sugar. Be mindful when you shop!  You most likely expect to find added sugars in something like cookies, but you might be surprised to see it's also commonly added to savory foods like salad dressing, bread, and tomato sauce. Check labels carefully and avoid foods that contain sugar. Read the ingredient list to figure out if there's any added sugar to your foods.  Remember, some food will have sugar listed on the nutrition fact panel, but there is no added sugar to the products.  For example, plain yogurt or unsweetened applesauce both contain naturally occurring sugar. Added sugars include white sugar, brown sugar, beet sugar, cane sugar, molasses, agave syrup, high-fructose corn syrup, turbinado, honey, maple syrup, agave syrup, fruit juice concentrate and many more. Added sugars that are mixed with food to sweeten them and contain no nutritional value on their own. Naturally-occurring sugars in fruit and milk come with vitamins, minerals, and fiber making them much more nutritious.  Naturally-occurring sugars include fructose (found in fruit) and lactose (found in milk).  All fruit, fruit products (like unsweetened applesauce) and dairy products (like yogurt, milk or cottage cheese) contain varying amounts of naturally occurring sugars. You can make a variety of healthier swaps by substituting foods that contain natural sugar for added sugar.  When you're craving something sweet, go for naturally sweet items like fruit or yogurt. Sugar is commonly added to processed and packaged foods to improve the taste, texture, and shelf life.  Frozen food, packaged snacks, canned soup, sauces, salad dressings, and marinades often have added sugar. Try making some of these items from scratch if you can. Go for unsweetened and...


Read for a minimum of half an hour every day.

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Reading is very important to all of us. It builds our knowledge, it gives us an escape, and it exercises our brains. The more you read, the better your reading skills and pronunciation will improve. Read on topics you're interested in, be it a romance novel, a sports magazine, newspaper or a car engine manual and don't just stick to one genre. Expand your reading knowledge by reading through different types of texts and references.


Read for at least 20 minutes per day. Stay informed about current events. Go to art exhibitions, performances, and other cultural events. Learn a foreign language. Try tasting and cooking new foods. Find opportunities to travel.

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Read literature classics, non-fiction, and other genres. Ask friends, family, teachers, and coworkers for recommendations, and try to read about new, unfamiliar topics. On top of engaging your imagination, reading classic novels can immerse you in the past and give you a history lesson. Whether in print or online, read a newspaper every day. Public radio and podcasts, such as TED Talks or Radiolab, are also great sources of information. In addition to paying attention to local and national news, learn about what's going on across the world. Don't skip your newspaper's international section. Visual art is a great way to learn about both the past and present. Images made in the past can give you a clear picture of history, and contemporary works can help you engage current issues. The same goes for music, theater, and dance, so try to attend as many cultural events as possible. Look online for major museums, galleries, and performance venues in your area. Look for free or low-cost events, like free admission days at museums or a free concert in a local park. If you're a student, you should be able to find discounts on museum memberships and tickets. From being able to talk to people in a foreign country to translating the menu at a restaurant, learning a new language has lots of practical benefits. In addition, it helps you develop an appreciation for other cultures and improves your critical thinking skills. If you're not in school, look for classes at a local community college, invest in an audio program, or search for other resources online. If you don't know how to cook, start by learning your own culture's basic recipes and techniques. Look for tutorials on YouTube, cooking websites, cookbooks, and television shows. From there, broaden your horizons and try new foods and recipes whenever you can. Traveling isn't always affordable, but do your best to seize every opportunity to visit a new place. You could even take a day trip by bus or train to another city, state, or province. When you travel somewhere,...


Read for purpose. Engage all your senses in the reading process. Mark the text and take notes. Focus your energies on understanding the subject. Restructure information into an outline. Use self-regulation techniques to avoid distractions.

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The subject of study can work as a distraction in itself if you don't know how to manage it. Set clear reading goals based on what you're reading for. Determine in advance what information you need from the text and look for it rather than reading from top to bottom.     Make a list of problems and questions whose answers you might find in the text. This will turn your reading task into an investigative exercise and make you skip irrelevant passages. For example, if you're only interested in the overall argument that the author is making, find the paragraph where this is stated clearly and skim through the evidence.  Skim and scan. Skimming means reading for general meaning, while scanning is the way to best way to do it. Your eyes should be looking for key words and passages in the text. Pay greater attention to titles as well as opening and closing sentences in each paragraph.  You can pre-read a text by simply going through the titles and subheadings. After you've done this, you can return to it with a mental map of its overarching argument. In the second reading session, you'll know what to expect and which sections are worth spending more time on. Reading is much more than a visual activity: you can read important points or make comments out loud, write them down or mark the text. All these activities will create a connection between you and the text and involve your entire body in the learning process. If you're a visual learner, highlight the text and make outlines to focus on it and remember it. If you memorize sounds better, use rhymes and acronyms. Highlight or underline important passages and key words, take notes on the margin or on a different document. This will make it easier for you to return to the text and see what are the main points being made. If you borrowed a book from the library, take notes on a separate piece of paper or your laptop. When you read, it's possible that for your mind to wander down lines of thought that are unrelated to the information in the text. Repeat to yourself...


Read her posture. Gauge how she reacts to your touch. Ask.

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Note how she holds her body when you’re together.  If she turns her body towards you (shoulders, chest, and legs or feet), leans forward, and keeps her arms open rather than crossed, those are all positive body language cues. An open posture, while a good sign, needs to be taken in context as part of a series of positive cues. A woman may have open and engaged body posture but may be feeling more friendly than amorous. If she gets close enough to touch and/or frequently leans into your personal space, that’s often a strong indicator of interest--just be sure she isn’t leaning in simply because it’s hard to hear you. Pay close attention to how she reacts when you lightly touch her arm or her hand.  If she stiffens or pulls away, that’s a sign she’s not yet comfortable, and going in for a kiss now probably won’t go well. If she blushes, giggles, or smiles, those are signs she’s comfortable with you and would possibly be receptive to a kiss. If she lingers or presses against you while you’re saying your goodbyes, it’s often a sign that she’s reciprocating your affection. If you can’t determine from her actions and body language how she’s feeling, you can just ask. Asking her permission before assuming she wants to kiss can be a sign of consideration on your part, and either way, you’ll find out where you stand.


Read his body language. Talk about having a second date. Wait at least a day before contacting him again. Schedule the next date for a few days later.

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The way he carries himself shows how well the date went. When he’s sitting, see if he spreads his legs. While talking, look for him to raise his eyebrows and use wide hand gestures. He may fix his hair, brush yours out of your face, or stretch his hand towards you. These are all signs that often indicate the guy likes you. At the end of the date, he won’t try to leave you right away. He won’t cross his arms or hide his hands, but he’ll lean towards you. He may still be nervous, so you may have to initiate a kiss. Most people hint at a second date but don’t settle on one. This leads to confusion and a lot of waiting by the phone. The best second date ideas come from your conversations, and you can hint at doing activities together during your date. It gives him an excuse to see you again.  For example, if you talk about zoo animals, say, “I haven’t been to the zoo since I was 9. We should go there sometime.” Some other second date ideas include taking a bike ride, playing mini-golf, going to a sporting event, or playing board games at home. Put down the phone for a few hours. Give him time to miss you and reach out to you about meeting again. Within two or three days, he’ll contact you if he’s interested. If he doesn’t, you can send a brief message to encourage him to set up a second date.  If you talked about going to the zoo, your message can say, “Hey, I’ve been looking forward to seeing the monkeys!” If he doesn’t respond at all, it’s better to move on. Don’t continue trying to contact him. Two or three days is an ideal waiting time. Meet up too early and you’ll intrude on his personal space. Meet up too late and he’ll forget how he felt during your first date. However, be aware that your schedules may clash, so waiting longer than this may be unavoidable. Whatever you do, be respectful of his schedule and don’t pressure him or send a barrage of messages before the second date.


Read literature that pertains to the topic you are considering. Consider the source when analyzing information. Analyze the writer’s motives when considering information. Listen to other's discussions to hear passionate people share their view. Pay attention to the (right) details to keep your focus.

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This is perhaps one of the most comprehensive ways you can learn about a topic. Read articles and studies online, check out books from your local library; the more you read, the better understanding you will have about a topic.  Read work from multiple authors. Check: is this the only author that believes this? How many other authors support this belief? Be sure to research both sides of a topic or an issue. Sometimes you might be surprised by elements that you overlooked or hadn’t considered. You may find that the topic isn’t necessarily black and white and perhaps there are times when you may make an exception to your belief.  You may discover during your research, for instance, that statistically German Shepherds are actually great family dogs. But as with all dogs, there are times they may get defensive or aggressive (perhaps if they feel scared or threatened). A good source will offer facts that span both sides of an issue. Beware of opinion pieces and articles produced by the media. They often have hidden agendas and craft their wording to capture reader’s attention and hold their interest, rather than present factual data.  Look to what recognized experts and professionals have to say about the subject. If you are gathering information on healthcare, realize that partisan outlets will be heavily one-sided. It may be helpful to look at this information, as it will cover various reasons for their opinion; but take care to check outlets from the other party as well. If the writer seems to simply be trying to convince a reader that their view is the correct (or only) view, then don’t put too much weight on what you read. Instead, look for writing that is objective and offers multiple viewpoints.  Even if the writing is primarily one-sided, look for counterarguments to differing views. This demonstrates that the author has at least considered other viewpoints before forming their own opinion. Say you are still trying to figure out how you feel about German Shepherds. Reading an article written about someone...


Read local newspaper archives. Visit your local historical society. Search for information online. Compile a chronological history of your house.

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Your local library typically keeps archives of the local newspaper. If there's more than one branch, the central or main branch usually holds the largest collection.  If you live in a rural area with no library nearby, try at the largest city or urban area, or maybe the county seat. That library typically will have archives pertinent to your area. Search backwards, looking for mentions of construction in your neighborhood or the names of the house's previous owners. Keep in mind that street names and numbers can change over time, so record any changes you see and the dates so you can construct a chronology. Most regions have a historical society that maintains historical records and information about your house and your general neighborhood. Larger cities often have their own historical societies, but if you live in a rural area you may have to seek out the historical society that covers a larger regional area.  If you have an extremely old house, such as those commonly found in Europe, neighborhood information may be all you can find to research the history of your house. If your house is less than 200 years old, the historical society may have a wealth of information, particularly if any of the house's previous owners were well-known in the community or the house was the site of a significant event in local history. Take care handling delicate old documents, and follow the historical society's rules regarding the care and copying of these documents. There are many websites dedicated to preserving genealogical records and property history records, often available for free. You can use these resources to find information about your house as well as its previous owners.  For example, if your house is in the United States, you might search for records at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) website. The NARA maintains all official government genealogical and land records, and also has links to other databases with a wealth of information. If your house is in Ireland or the United Kingdom, you...


Read lots of books, and lots of reviews. Review books on retailer websites. Start a book review blog. Plan your next moves. Seek a professional reviewing job.

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Let’s face facts:  if you don’t love reading, you won’t like being a book reviewer.  Read widely to familiarize yourself with the new trends and the lasting staples of the book industry, and read reviews for inspiration and guidance.  If you already have your sights set on reviewing for a particular publication, or in a particular field or genre, read lots of relevant reviews.  Get a feel for the language, style, and content that reviewers in that vein utilize.  Take note of what you feel works and what does not. Try to realistically assess your skills and commitment.  Can you read books quickly but with a full grasp of the material?  Do your writing abilities approach the level of the reviewers you’d like to join?  Regardless, there are options available to you, but you may need to temper your dreams of achieving fortune or fame.  (Although, honestly, you probably shouldn’t see book reviewing as a path to those things anyway!) There’s nothing wrong with starting small, in a low-pressure environment.  A few people do gain a reputation and even some income by reviewing books on sites like Amazon, but you should view it more as practice that may help some fellow book-lovers along the way.  At most, you’ll have to create an account in order to review books, but take the process seriously if you are indeed serious about being a book reviewer.  Read the books you review, obviously.  Take some time to craft thoughtful critiques that you would be proud to claim as your own. Even simple reviews like these can be used as samples of your work if you want to advance in the book-reviewing business.  So make them good samples. If you simply enjoy sharing your thoughts about books you have read, this may be all you need.  But it can also potentially be a springboard to bigger things as well.  Once again, focus on producing quality work.  You’re the boss and your own editor, but don’t take it easy on yourself.  Take some time crafting your reviews, and proofread them.  Quality blog reviews can be used as “clips” (samples)...


Read microwave instructions. Follow prepared food instructions. Arrange food for reheating. Cover food safely. Check food during cooking.

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Microwaves make many things in our lives easier. But they don't come without potential hazards and it's important to read the instruction manual for your microwave to avoid harming yourself or others.  Contact the microwave's manufacturer if you have any questions. Check online for product manuals if you lost your instruction packet. See if there are specific suggestions on the type of containers or wrap you can use. For example, some microwaves can use specific types of aluminum foil, while others can't.  See if there are instructions or suggestions for specific foods. For example, most meats cannot be cooked at full power, but instead at half power for longer. If you want to cook prepared foods in your microwave, read the packaging instructions. In most cases, these containers can only be microwaved once and may also have specific heating requirements.  Vent containers if required by puncturing them with a fork or peeling back a corner of the plastic wrap.  Make sure you closely check the heating requirements. For example, some foods can only be cooked at 50% power and not following this could ruin your meal and your microwave. If you're going to use a covered dish to reheat food, it's arrangement in the container can affect the heating process. Arranging your food evenly within the container can help ensure uniform cooking and may help destroy harmful bacteria. In many cases, you may need to cover food you've prepared yourself to heat it in the microwave. Making sure you use safe types of covers and vent the container can ensure that you don't cause unsafe chemicals to leech into your food.  Choose plastic wrap that is labeled microwave-safe. However, never let it contact your food.  Consider using waxed or kitchen parchment paper, white paper towels or plates, or a domed microwave container to cover your food.  Loosen or vent the lid or any wrap to allow steam to escape.  Stay away from brown paper bags, newspaper, foam containers, and most aluminum foil as covers. Midway through the microwaving process,...


Read more. Schedule regular breaks. Limit your Internet usage. Invest in detailed games and stories. Don't beat yourself up for slips.

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A recent study revealed that people who read novels regularly are able to empathize more easily, and have an easier time paying attention for longer. Head to your local library and pick up some books you're interested in. Read everything. You don't have to read heavy classic novels to get the most out of this. Read Westerns or Romance novels. Read the newspaper. Read magazines you like. Read it all. A recent study revealed that taking regular quick breaks, less than five minutes every hour, is better than taking a single long break in the middle of a difficult task. So, let yourself stop doing what you're doing at least once an hour. Get up, walk around, and turn your mind off for a minute. It's usually easier to remember to take one big break, usually for eating, but set a timer to go off every 50 minutes or so, to remind yourself to give yourself a break and do nothing. You need that time. A Pew Study recently linked the increased availability of high-speed Internet services with a diminished attention capacity in American teenagers. If you're feeling tempted to slap a TLDR on every Facebook post longer than a couple of lines, maybe it's time to give it a break for a while.  You can also use Internet blockers to help you out if you find the lure of messing around too strong when you're trying to work on your computer. Delete unnecessary apps from your phone. You'll spend less time clicking around on Facebook and other social media if you can't do it in transit. Entertainment isn't all equal. Some stuff is difficult to sit through, but learning to appreciate the fun in a long game of chess, or the story told in Anna Karenina can help your attention span improve in other parts of your life. Decide to enjoy something that's slow and quiet, instead of looking for flash-bang fun.  Watch fewer YouTube clips and short little .gif sites. If you want to sit down and invest in something, watch an engaging movie, documentary, or long-form show that you're interested in. You can have fun to, and you don't have to...


Read on the origins of both practices. Evaluate the different focuses of both practices. Weigh the differences in how breath is used differently in yoga and Pilates. Evaluate your desire to improve your flexibility. Decide how important increasing strength is to you. Evaluate the differences in mental benefits between yoga and pilates.

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You might find it beneficial in your deciding process to research online on the origins of yoga and Pilates. Some of the main points of interest include:  Yoga started over 5000 years ago in India. What is colloquially referred to as yoga is actually part of a larger philosophy and way of life. It was invented to promote a better understanding of oneself and the alignment of the mind, body, and spirit. Pilates was invented in the early 20th century as a method of body rehabilitation and strengthening. It started as a tool to rehabilitate World War I soldiers, but it took off when dancers started using it to increase their dancing performance. Yoga and Pilates are similar in a lot of ways. They both include movements and poses intended to increase strength, flexibility, and the mind body connection. Ultimately though, yoga is a practice focused on your mind and how you feel, with strength and flexibility coming as a side effect. Pilates is a practice focused on toning your body and bettering your posture and movement. The breathing techniques you use in Pilates and yoga differ quite a bit.  With Pilates, the breath is used more as a technique of providing the muscles with the energy they need to exercise effectively. Concentrating on the breathing technique throughout Pilates will help you to manage the quantity of oxygen coming into the body and travelling to the muscles to help them become more relaxed. In yoga, the breathing exercises help you to achieve relaxation. Throughout yoga routines it is important to continuously concentrate on how the breath is being employed. Sending the breath to areas that may be tight or are holding stress can help to relax these specific muscle groups in your body. One of the main differences between yoga and Pilates is that yoga can be used for improving the flexibility of the body and it will also gradually increase the flexibility of your joints. Stretching and holding static poses is a central theme in yoga. Pilates is more dynamic, and while flexibility will improve in...


Read online menus. Choose grilled options over fried. Avoid combo meals. Purchase a healthier option.

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Any restaurant with over 20 locations is legally required to have an online menu and a menu in the store that contains all of the nutrition information. Review the menu for options that are lower in calorie and lower in fat.  Plan your meal option before going out to eat.  This will help keep you from temptations by reviewing the menu or hearing what others are ordering. Some places even have "meal calculators" that will allow you to choose different options for your meal and provides the calorie and other nutrition information for you. Fried foods typically contain more calories and fat compared to grilled items.  Go for a grilled chicken sandwich or grilled chicken nuggets instead of fried chicken. The calorie count can get pretty high when you get a combination meal - fries, sandwich, and drink.  Just purchase the sandwich instead for a lower calorie count.  Choose items from the "à la carte" menu (one after another) to avoid the option of the combination meal. Refuse the upgrade for a "super-size" or bigger portion. Many fast food restaurants have been responding to consumers desires for healthier options.  They even have special "healthier" menus that can guide you toward a lower calorie meal.  Try a salad with grilled chicken or a grilled chicken wrap.  Use a small portion of light dressing or dipping sauce to help keep the calories lower. If you're stopping by for breakfast, try oatmeal, yogurt with fruit or a breakfast sandwich with an egg white and cheese. Choose a sandwich with a side of fruit or a vegetable side instead of the typical french fries.


Read only what you need to. Practice after you read the section. Make cue cards and flash cards. Make studying your life. Use other resources. Work in a group. Ask for help when you need it from tutors. Start way in advance for the licensing exams.

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Often, materials in textbooks repeats what you learned from the last chapter. While that can be helpful, you only have so much time on your hands. Scan through the chapter to find the new information you need to learn, and focus on that. You can use section headings, as well as the first sentence of each paragraph to help you figure out what you need to read. Reading the material is not enough to help you retain it. You have to practice it and apply it, particularly in nursing school. One way to help yourself apply it is to work through any practice materials or questions at the end of the chapter, as it will force you to think about the material. Flash cards are when you put a term one side and the definition on the other for reviewing purposes. Cue cards are when you make a card or page that lists the main ideas for a certain topic so that you can refer back to it as needed.  For instance, maybe you want to make a cue card for the respiratory system, including diagrams of the anatomy, relevant terms, and common ailments. Another similar idea is to make summary sheets of the information. Even though you want to prioritize comprehension over memorization, you still need to memorize some information. It can help to incorporate it into all aspects of your life. For instance, use your flash cards while watching television, and tape up statistics in places you'll see, such as on the bathroom mirror. With enough repetition, you'll easily start memorizing some of the information you need to know. Nursing school includes difficult concepts, so you may need extra helping learning certain things. You can find a large number of free materials to help you review, from YouTube and Khan Academy videos to nursing review sites. In addition, you can buy materials that will help you review, such as medication review cards, so you don't have to make them yourself. As a nursing student, you'll have a lot of material to memorize. Working in a group can help make it seem less overwhelming. You can quiz each other or even set up a...


Read other RFPs. Establish the projected scope and boundaries of your project. List your “must haves” and your “like to haves. Decide who will read the proposals and award the project. Specify a candidate’s minimum qualifications. Draft a scorecard that you will use to evaluate proposals.

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One of the best ways to write an effective RFP is to read other people’s requests. This will give you a sense of what information should be included, what kind of layout is easiest to read and follow, and what kind of supplemental visuals should be included.  Search online for sample RFPs.  There are many samples available that detail the structure and important information. Read actual RFPs from other companies.  Pretend that you are a consultant who is trying to put together a proposal.  Read other people’s RFPs and notice if there is any information missing that would help you write a better proposal.  Be sure to include that information in your RFP. Try to find RFPs from companies that match your business profile.  If you have an acquaintance at another company, ask if they have any old RFPs that you could look at as a model. Look at RFP templates online.  They may be a good starting place, but you can use them to learn how to write your RFP and then do it on your own to have greater flexibility for formatting and detail. Before writing the RFP, you should know the scope and boundaries of your project.  You may need to re-scale the project if you realize that you are asking for too much in too little time.  It may help to keep a list of things that this specific project will not address, even if you plan to return to the ideas in the future.  (You probably will not include this information in the RFP.) Being clear about the scope of the project in your RFP will enable consultants to put together better proposals for your project. Be realistic about what outcomes you can expect given the budget and time constraints you will put on the consultant. ” One way to know what you really want in response to your RFP is to make a list of your needs and your wants.  Each of your needs or “must haves” should be included in your RFP.  You may want to include some or most of your “wants,” but be sure your RFP does not become unrealistic or too cumbersome.  You may want to clarify in your RFP which items are necessary...


Read other sample letters. Start with the positive. Specify any important details. Express your complaint clearly and concisely. Specify what you want. Establish a time frame in which you expect a reasonable response. Conclude the letter with the most important points. Be sure to include full contact information. Format your letter with formal letter guidelines.

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Reading other sample letters of complaint will give you an idea of how to format your letter and they can also give you an idea of persuasive phrasing that you can use to your advantage. You can browse the Internet for sample letters. Below is one example, but remember this is only a template and you should write your own letter that details your specific situation.  Return address and date To Whom It May Concern: I am writing regarding the lamp I purchased through your website. I have bought other household items through your website and have always been pleased with your prompt shipping and the quality of past items. However, upon receiving this particular order, I found that the stand of the lamp missing and therefore could not properly set up my lamp. I would like to request a full refund or an exchange for a functioning lamp. I have bought other products through your website in the past and have always been a satisfied customer up until now. Attached is my proof of purchase. I trust that you will respond to this matter promptly. Thank you for your time. Sincerely, John Doe Even if you are upset, you should begin your letter on a positive note. You could note that you are a loyal customer or that you have appreciated their services in the past. Anger tends to be counterproductive and the veiled threat of losing an otherwise satisfied customer will often motivate the company to address your complaint.  One approach could be “praising with faint damn” or praising first and then complaining second. For example, you could start your letter by saying “As a long term customer of your business, I am usually impressed with your services. Unfortunately, I can no longer say this is the case as the last service I received was extremely unsatisfactory.” If you’re a first time customer, you could start by stating a positive aspect of the product or service or by emphasizing your excitement. An example opening line is: “I was excited to try out your services” or “Your product was recommended by several friends but I...


Read over the main text for unfamiliar terms. Ask your editor to help you identify the terms. Let a reader identify the terms for you. Collect the terms for the glossary.

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Start by reading over the main text with a pen or highlighter. Underline or highlight any terms that may be unfamiliar to the average reader. You may underline technical or academic terms that may need to be further explained in more detail outside of the main text. Or you may decide a term needs to be clarified further, even if it’s a term the reader may be familiar with.  For example, you may notice you have a technical term that describes a process, such as “ionization.” You may then feel the reader needs more clarification on the term in the glossary. You may also have a term that is mentioned in the main text, but not discussed in detail. You may then feel this term could go into the glossary so you can include more information about the term for the reader. You may struggle to identify terms for the glossary on your own, especially if you know the content well. If you are working with an editor on the text, such as an editor at a publication, you may ask them to help you identify terms for the glossary. They may be able to spot terms in the text that may be confusing or unclear to the average reader, especially if they are not an expert in the area you are writing about. For example, you may ask your editor, “Would you mind helping me identify terms for the glossary?” or “Can you assist me in identifying any terms for the glossary that I may have missed?” You can also ask a reader to look over the main text and highlight or underline any terms they find unfamiliar. Get someone who has an average reading level, as you want the text and the glossary to be as helpful as possible for the average reader. Ask a friend or family member to be a reader for you. You could also ask a classmate, a peer, or a colleague to be a reader for you.  You may tell the reader to look out for any terms they find unclear or unfamiliar in the main text. You may then get several readers to read the main text and note if the majority of readers chose the same terms for the glossary. Have multiple readers point out terms they find...


Read over your outline to make sure you’ve achieved your purpose. Revise your outline if ideas are missing or not fleshed out. Edit your outline if you’re turning it in for an assignment. Add layers if necessary.

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Your outline should relate back to your thesis or main idea, address the purpose you set out to achieve and reflect your audience. If it doesn’t, you may need to revise your outline. This also gives you a chance to look for missing parts or ideas that aren’t fully fleshed. If you see areas that leave questions unanswered, it’s best to fill in those gaps in information. In some cases, you may need to add more information, such as additional supporting details. The revision process allows you to do that. You might also want to rewrite sentences or phrases to make your ideas clearer. If you are making an outline for yourself, you might not worry about this. Check for typos, grammatical errors, and formatting flaws. This will ensure you get full credit for your work. Keep in mind that it’s okay to have sentence fragments if you’re making a phrase outline.  It’s a good idea to have someone else check it for errors, as it’s often hard to recognize errors in your own work. While you edit your outline, refer back to your assignment sheet or rubric to make sure you've completely fulfilled the assignment. If not, go back and correct the areas that are lacking. If you need to add additional sub-layers, use lowercase Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv, etc.), then lowercase letters (a, b, c, d, etc.) and then finally switch to numbers again (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.). In most cases, three or four layers will be enough. Try to combine points first before you add a fifth.  You can use more layers if you want to include more information. You might also include additional layers for a long creative work or a detailed study guide.


Read reviews. Read product descriptions carefully. Consider how the oils are stored. Ask questions. Consider the willingness to answer questions. Be suspicious of retailers who sell all of their oils for the same price. Find out about shipping costs. Look for retailers who sell only organic or unsprayed oils. Smell the oils.

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Decide whether you want to shop online or purchase locally. Read reviews online of the shop you are interested and ask around to see if anyone you know has recommendations or thoughts about a particular retailer. The bottle should include important information such as: botanical name of the plant, the country of origin, date of distillation, date of expiration, and the chemotype, if applicable. The botanical name is a latin name given to each species. For example, true lavender is lavandula angustifolia, mandarin is citrus reticulata and grapefruit is citrus paradisi. Knowing the botanical name of the plant used in your essential oil is important because many species have the same common name, but vastly different uses. Essential oils should always be kept in dark glass bottles and out of direct sunlight in order to maintain their potency. Oils sold in other packaging should be considered suspect. Don’t be afraid to email or stop by to ask questions. It is particularly important to find out whether or not the retailer performs GC/MS testing. This stands for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and although it has its own problems, is a generally well-accepted way to test the quality of the oil. Also consider the following:  Does your essential oil supplier sell all essential oils in appropriate sizes? Essential oils require a huge amount of plant matter to produce. If the retailer sells huge bottles at rock bottom prices, it is unlikely that the oil is of good quality. Does your essential oil supplier have representatives traveling worldwide to personally inspect the fields and distilleries where the herbs are grown and distilled? Small shops may not have the resources to do this, but bigger shops and suppliers that do are likely to have high quality oils. Does your essential oil supplier care about the farms they use and make sure they are fair trade? Meaning the local farmers get fair pay. Does your essential oil supplier grow and distill its own organically grown herbs? Are the distillation facilities...


Read sacred texts. Consult public services that focus on spirituality. Read or listen to popular spiritual sources. Don't be afraid to use community support.

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Religious texts such as the Bible, the Torah, the Quar'an, the Tao Te Ching, the Bhagavad Gita, or the Upanishads can give you a new perspective on life or open your eyes to other people's beliefs or thoughts. Though you do not need to subscribe to any of the teachings laid out in religious texts, you can better understand the context of your questions and struggles by understanding how spiritual questions have been posed throughout history. Reading sacred texts can also point you in new directions, allowing you to ask questions you didn't have the words for before.  You may want to accompany your studies with educational courses. Universities, community colleges, and continuing education centers offer courses in the history of religious practices and texts. If you do read scholarly texts alongside sacred texts, be aware that there is a difference between theology and "religious studies." Religious studies can be thought of as studying religion from its outside, while theology is often written by practitioners of that religion. Certain public figures can act as a resource or guide for your spiritual journey. An obvious one is the leader of a local church or clergy; they often will meet with individuals and help them make decisions. Before you meet with such a leader, it may be helpful to attend a few services or events in order to understand the attitudes that underlie the congregation's beliefs.  Other civic institutions may have a chaplain on staff who are skilled guides when it comes to certain topics, such as grief or loss. Such institutions include hospitals or army outposts, but you may need to be a regular user of their services to consult with their chaplain. There are many popular writers and speakers who communicate spiritual or religious ideas in ways that make sense for everyday life. Helpful books can be found in the "spiritual," "religion," or "new age" section of bookstores or libraries. Seminars and reading groups may be held by colleges or community centers in your area. Public radio and...


Read scary stories. Put your scary story together. Practise it. Choose your moment wisely. Build intrigue. Don’t over do it. Tell the story. Make the ending count.

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Even if you’re planning on telling a scary story that you’ve made up, you can benefit from reading other scary stories. You can find great collections of scary stories at your local library or even online.  Forums like Reddit No Sleep or Reddit Ghost Stories are great sources for frightening tales.  One way to create your own scary story is to use another story as a template and then change the details to fit your location — for example, instead of “at a scary house somewhere” you can name a spooky-looking house in your city and say that you heard about something that happened there. Tailor it to where you’ll be and what you’ll be doing. If you’re having a sleepover at your house, an effective scary story would be one that takes place in a house late at night. The more things your scary story has in common with where you are and who you’re with, the scarier it will be. Don’t just write a story down and then hope you can remember it well enough to tell it — and definitely don’t read from a book or piece of paper. Telling the story from memory will engage your listeners and have the strongest effect. You might even want to record yourself telling the story so that you can get a sense of how you sound and (if you have a video camera/smart phone with video function) look while telling the story. You don’t want to just start telling a spooky story in the middle of a busy cafeteria at lunchtime; scary stories are best told late at night amongst small groups of people. Before telling your story, you can build it up by acting a bit nervous and afraid before you start telling it. You can say that you want to tell your listeners something, but you’re nervous to because it scares you.  You can say that you don’t like to think about it because when you do, you get bad dreams and feel uneasy in the days following it, but it’s a good story so you’ll try to share it. You can even look behind you uneasily, or glance from side to side nervously. Don’t be too obvious in your attempts to build intrigue, or it’ll come off as...


Read scriptural passages about Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)'s observance of the Tahajjud. Consider saying the Tahajjud with your family. Emulate the practices of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Make the Tahajjud part of your routine.

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To gain a greater understanding of the unique importance of the Tahajjud prayer, you may want to consult any of the numerous references to the prayer in Islamic scripture. Most notably, the Tahajjud is mentioned in the Quran and discussed at great length in numerous ahadeeth. However, it is also discussed in the work of Islamic scholars throughout the history of the religion. To start, try reading Book 21 (Prayer at Night) from Sahih Bukhari. No less than 70 ahadeeth in this book describe the habits the Prophet (pbuh) regarding the Tahajjud, which gives an indication of its significance in the life of a good Muslim. Commentary on the Tahajjud is also offered at multiple points in the Quran, including Surat 17:79 and Surat 39:9. Muslim families are encouraged to pray the Tahajjud in communion with each other because both Muhammad (pbuh) and his wife Aisha recommended that husbands and wives should say the Tahajjud together. Performing the Tahajjud as a family allows you to come closer to each other in devotion to Allah and to show solidarity in your worship.  If you're interested in trying this, ask your spouse and/or children to join you before the first night you plan to say the Tahajjud together, then, if they need your help to do so, wake them up and celebrate Allah's infinite greatness and mercy in quiet prayer together. Children over the age of ten should be gently encouraged to develop the habit of praying Tahajjud when they are ready, but if it is too difficult for them to wake in the night then no blame should be apportioned and they should not be admonished, as long as they are up for Fajr and complete all their obligatory prayers correctly. Encourage your children by reminding them of the rewards that are available for completing voluntary acts of worship like Tahajjud, and warn them of the consequences of not making the sacrifices that Allah expects and deserves. Generally, families that pray the Tahajjud together make exceptions for members that need their sleep, like small children, the sick, and...


Read some existing nature poetry. Spend time in nature. Write your observations.

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Great writers read extensively. Reading nature poetry that's already been published by successful poets can give you ideas, inspiration, and can open your eyes to what's possible in a nature poem.  A good place to find nature poetry is the Academy of American Poets website. You can search for poets, or use the website's filter to find all works categorized as nature poems.  Search for poems by poets known for their nature-based works. Gary Snyder, for example, is an American poet who's been writing about nature for much of his life. Romantic poets such as Percy Bysshe Shelley, Lord Byron, and John Keats are also known to include nature in their poetry.  Check your library for published books of nature poetry, anthologies, and nature-themed literary journals. If you're interested in writing a poem about nature, the best way to start is by going out into nature. Whether you go for a short walk, a long camping trip, or anything in between, getting outdoors will help you find inspiration and imagery.  In contemporary times, nature takes many forms. You don't have to go out to the countryside or deep in a forest to find inspiration - try visiting an urban park if you can't get into the wilderness.  Consider seeking inspiration where the natural world meets the pavement. Even remote forests wouldn't be accessible without roads to lead you there - perhaps you can find something inspiring in that transitional zone. When you're out in nature (however you define it), you should begin to feel inspired or creative as you take in your surroundings. It's okay if it doesn't come to you right away - you can always analyze your thoughts/feelings later.  As you observe the natural world around you, begin by noticing what you see, hear, smell, and feel. Next, try to draw associations from the things you're observing. What do your observations remind you of in your own life? Why do you notice the things you do in nature? You can take another step back and consider where you first learned to interact with nature. Don't worry...


Read tarot cards. Practice palm reading. Practice numerology. Practice lithomancy.

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Some people believe tarot cards can uncover truths about the physical, mental, or spiritual state of someone or something.  Use a guidebook, your deck’s instruction manual, or consult a psychic to practice learning the cards and their various meanings.  There are seventy-eight standard tarot card images divided into various subclasses (minor and major arcana).  Each card is a symbol and represents a certain meaning situation.  Familiarizing yourself with these cards and their associated meanings will make interpreting them easier later on.  Carry a deck with you at all times -- on the bus, at school, and to doctor’s appointments. Many cards have multiple meanings.  Learn them all in order to give your reading context and depth. Palm reading (palmistry) is a psychic skill which analyzes the hand to reveal individual personality and character traits.  There are two varieties of palmistry: chiromancy and chirognomy.  Chiromancy looks at the lines of the palm and is a more traditional palm reading technique.  By analyzing major and minor lines of the hand, you might be able to discover things about someone’s physical and emotional condition. Chirognomy uses the shape and texture of the hands and color of the skin in order to potentially draw out similar truths.  By studying the hand’s shape and classifying it into one of four categories -- earth, air, fire, or water -- you might be able to discern a person’s characteristics. Numerology is the study of numbers and, practitioners believe, their use in discovering their application to someone’s life.  Some people, for instance, believe that numbers in your birth date, or numbers which you encounter regularly like your address, indicate your purpose in life, motivation, and fate.  Practicing numerology is an arcane psychic reading practice.  Numerologists believe each number has a special cosmic vibration which, in combination with others, can reveal certain truths.  For instance, a popular numerological analysis is the lifepath number.  This number adds the day,...


Read texts aloud. Learn more vocabulary. Listen to spoken Old English. Learn grammar. Find a partner to practice with.

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Few people can hold a conversation in Old English. Reading aloud is the first stage to learning spoken Old English, and as close as most students get. You can find texts in Old English at sacred-texts.com, but a physical student text with long vowel marks and an English translation will be easiest to follow. Here's your first snippet, the opening lines of Beowulf:  Hwæt! We Gar-Dena in gear-dagum / þeod-cyninga, þrym gefrunon / hu ða æþelingas ellen fremedon! "Yo! We have heard tell of the majesty of the Speardanes, of the Folk-kings, how the princes did valorous deeds."  Search for Beowulf recitations online to see whether you have the right pronunciation. Order a Old English to Modern English dictionary from an online bookstore, and use it to work your way through an Old English text. Study the vocabulary as you would a foreign language. You can also use online dictionaries, such as the Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, or the John R. Clark Hall dictionary. Due to copyright reasons, almost all of these are from the 19th and early 20th century. These will work fine, but they may not always agree with a more modern dictionary that benefits from another hundred years of scholarship. Search for online videos of scholars reciting Old English texts, such as Beowulf or the Exeter Book. Repeat what they say to practice Old English sounds, and make the poetry feel more alive. Many videos will not perfectly match what you learned here. Different scholars and linguists have different ideas about how Old English would have been spoken. There is also variation between different regions or time periods of Old English, and usually some hints of the reader's original accent. This guide has not even begun to touch on how to put an original sentence together, or how to translate a passage. This is a massive topic that's best left to a longer book. Look for a beginner's guide to Old English if you want to become a true student of the language. Here's one basic difference between Old and Modern English: Old English uses...


Read the ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines carefully. Sign up for a test prep course. Practice speaking often. Review how the test is structured. Take a demo. Watch clips of people taking the test.

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The Proficiency Guidelines let you know exactly what will be tested for each proficiency level and what you must demonstrate if you want to achieve that level of proficiency. You can download a copy of the most recently updated Proficiency Guidelines from the ACTFL website, at https://actfl.org. Click on the "publications" tab and select the ACTFL proficiency guidelines. Some university language departments offer courses specifically designed to help you prepare to take the OPIc test. Check colleges and universities near you to see if a course is available in your chosen language. If you're taking the OPIc test to be a foreign language teacher, there may be prep courses available within your program, although there may be an additional charge for these courses beyond your regular tuition. The OPIc test evaluates your ability to speak and carry on a conversation. The best way to prepare really is to have as many conversations as you can in that language, until you feel natural and comfortable speaking it.  Try to immerse yourself in the language, particularly in the weeks leading up to the test. This will help you think and reason faster in the language. If you know people who are fluent in the language, tell them that you only want to communicate with them in that language. That can help you prepare for the test as well as get advice on your speaking style. The OPIc test is split into four phases, regardless of what level of proficiency you're trying to reach. The test starts with informal warm-up questions, then moves into more difficult questions before winding down.  The second and third phases of the test are where you'll really be challenged and have the opportunity to demonstrate your speaking ability. The third phase is designed to push you to the outer limits of your speaking ability. You'll be given between 12 and 17 questions, each with varying time limits to respond depending on the difficulty level of the question. Expect the test to take you between 30 and 40 minutes to complete. Since each test...


Read the agreement you and your attorney signed. Hire a new attorney. Inform your attorney that you're terminating him or her. Get a copy of your files.

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Carefully read through any fee for services agreements or other contracts you may have signed with your attorney. Make sure you understand what fees you may be obligated to pay and what steps you may have agreed to follow in order to terminate your attorney-client relationship. Most agreements detail a series of steps that should be taken in order to end the relationship. In addition to paying the agreed-upon fee you'll need to formally notify your attorney that the relationship is being terminated. Before you officially fire your old attorney, it's a good idea to hire a new one - especially if your case is still in progress. The new attorney will need time to catch up in order to ensure a smooth transition. Having lag time without an attorney working on your case could be detrimental. Hiring a new lawyer before officially firing the old one will also be helpful if you're not sure how to handle the termination. Your new attorney can help you wrap things up in a professional way. This is especially important if you end up wanting to sue the old attorney for malpractice. Do this according to the steps outlined in your agreement with your attorney. If your agreement doesn't outline a process for terminating the relationship, send a certified or registered letter to the attorney's place of business, stating that you are terminating the professional relationship and that he or she should immediately cease working on any and all matters related to your case.  If you prefer, you can fire your attorney over the phone or in a face-to-face conversation instead. However, it's better to have it on paper to make the termination official. There's no need to state reasons why you're firing your attorney, unless you feel compelled to do so.  If applicable, request a refund of any fees paid in advance for which the work has not yet been done. Also request an itemized billing of charges made, and review this for any discrepancies. You have the right to a copy of your case files. Request your files in the termination letter,...


Read the annual report to learn if the company is stable and profitable. Research 52-week high/lows to identify average prices in the market. Check the price/earnings ratio (P/E) if the stock pays dividends. Compare the stock with stocks from similar companies.

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The annual report often contains an income statement, a balance sheet, and a cash flow statement. You can find the annual report by contacting the investor relations department at the company or by visiting the investment page on their website.  The income statement tells you how much the company made. Generally, profitable companies tend to do better on the stock market, although profitability is not the only factor in a strong stock. The balance sheet compares the assets and liabilities of the company. Look for a company that has more assets (which are investments that will make money over time) than liabilities (which are investments that may lose money). The cash flow shows where they made and lost money. Each company and industry will have different types of expenditures. You should research the industry to make sure that their expenditures are considered normal. It is generally recommended to sell high and buy low, but it can be hard to understand what the high and low points are for a certain stock. Daily highs and lows can fluctuate significantly. You will get a better idea of the stock’s value from the 52-week high/low.  For example, if you were to look up Ulta (ULTA) on the NASDAQ exchange, you might find that the highest it has been in 52 weeks is $314.86 USD and that the lowest is $187.96 USD. If the price goes above the 52 week high, it is a good time to sell. Similarly, if a stock goes below its 52-week low, you might want to buy. So you might want to buy ULTA stock when it is below $187.96 USD and sell it when it is near or above $314.86 USD. Any online stock broker will tell you the 52-week high/low on the page for the stock. Furthermore, if the stock is traded on NASDAQ or LSE, you can find the high/low on their websites. Dividends are quarterly or yearly payments that a company may choose to pay its shareholders. Not all companies offer dividends on their stock, but those that do will have a P/E ratio. This ratio divides the price of the stock to the yearly earnings of the dividends.  For...


Read the appendixes of The Return of the King. Consult Tolkien’s original manuscripts. Consider reading other author’s works on Tolkien’s languages. Take Quenya or Sindarin courses online.

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If you’re hoping to learn more about Tolkien’s languages, there are two appendices – A and F – in one of the books from the Lord of the Rings series that should be your primary sources.  These appendices describe the various languages, as well as different types of letters, in detail. These appendices also contain a guide to pronunciation of Tolkien’s languages, as well as music to which Tolkien wrote Elvish lyrics. The manuscripts for many of Tolkien’s works are stored in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, at Marquette University.  The margins of the manuscripts include all sorts of notes about how and why he chose or developed certain Elvish words.  Further, unpublished works contain new Elvish words that continue to be “discovered.” The Elvish Linguistic Fellowship is another source of a wealth of material, some of which was created using some of Tolkien’s unpublished works. An Introduction to Elvish, written by Jim Allen, is widely respected as the most substantial work on Tolkien’s languages.  However, many consider it to be outdated.  The Languages of Tolkien’s Middle-earth is reportedly “less accurate,” but is still recommended. The Tolkien Society recommends several other sources for further reading. You read that right.  You can take courses and tutorials online developed by people who have extensively studied Tolkien’s languages.  The modern languages in which these lessons are taught vary, as so the approach and inspiration that led to their creation.


Read the back of the label to get ideas about the wine's flavor, body and potential pairings. Consider how strongly flavored or rich the meal is, and match it with a similarly full-bodied wine. Try to find flavors of wine that complement the flavors in the dish through simple matching. Go bold and search out contrasting flavors to make a dish really pop. Match sweeter and fruit-inspired wines with spicier foods. Consider using wine ratings to help pick out more expensive bottles. Ask the waiter or wine store staff for recommendations to help navigate the waters. Consider the vintage, or year, when you choose wine, but understand that all wines age differently.

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Most people buy wines based on labels they like, but take things a step further and actually read the winemaker's description. They frequently point to the prominent flavors and character of the wine, and sometimes suggest food pairings as well. If you're at a restaurant, check the basic descriptions before choosing a wine -- most places offer at least a sentence or two about each wine.  Expressions like "blend" and "table wine" are usually cheaper, but frequently bland and unbalanced. These wines use a variety of grapes from a wide area that weren't suited for more specific types of wine. They can be great for casual drinks or meals, however.  If the wine list at a restaurant has no description, talk to your waiter. Chances are high that they, not the menu, are the experts on each bottle and varietal. The idea of "red with meat, white with fish," is far too simple. The more important goal is for the wine and meal to complement each other. A "heavy" meal is usually dense and strongly flavored -- a meat sauce, a spicy dish, or a hearty soup or stew -- and requires a strongly flavored wine to cut into these flavors. You don't want either the dish to overpower the taste of the wine or vice versa -- they should both have a similar depth.  Wines that are described as "full-bodied," "deep," "complex," "rich," or "densely layered" are best with heavier meals. Even powerful whites can be deep and complex, making them great with spicy dishes or heartier fare. Wines that are described as "light," "balanced," "crisp," or "refreshing" are great for lighter meals with less powerful flavors -- vegetables, pastas, fish, chicken, and lighter cheeses. Pair, for example, a light, citrus-y white wine with a lemon chicken dish. Use a deep, smokey red to match up with the barbecued pork shoulder. Matching these flavors up will help create a seamless meal experience, highlighting key notes in both the dish and the wine. When picking complementary flavors, think about how the food would taste if that flavor was added from the wine....