Understand the basics of guinea pig care. Buy guinea pig food. Get a cage and the appropriate supplies. Purchase a water bottle and bowl. Find the right toys.

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Before you purchase a guinea pig, familiarize yourself with the kind of care guinea pigs need. You want to make sure you have the time and money to truly commit to your pet before making a purchase.  Guinea pigs are social animals. While it's not impossible to  make a guinea pig happy without a cage mate, it can be difficult. Guinea pigs thrive when they have a cage mate and many rescues will want you to adopt a pair together. Consider buying two guinea pigs to make sure your pet is not lonely. However, you should make sure that no two males, or a male and female should be placed together because there are already too many unwanted guinea pigs in the world. Make sure no two male guinea pigs are together ether unless the are related or at least one is neutered. Guinea pigs live about 6 years. Know how old your guinea pig is when you purchase him and how long you can expect him to live. You need to know you're able to commit to the guinea pig for that time frame.  Make sure you have access to a vet with the necessary experience to treat your guinea pig. Guinea pigs are often considered exotic pets, meaning not all vets are willing to take them as patents. Find a good vet before buying a guinea pig.  Many people purchase guinea pigs assuming they're more of an aesthetic commitment and that, much like fish, are content to roam around unattended. This is not the case. Guinea pigs need time out of their cage to run and explore and like to play with their humans. Your guinea pig will need attention and care each day. If you get a longhaired guinea pig, the commitment will be even greater as daily grooming is necessary.  If you have cats, reconsider getting a guinea pig. Cats will view your guinea pig as prey. If you have cats, make sure there's a space you can keep your guinea pig's cage that's out of their reach. However, never put a guinea pig cage outside. Guinea pigs do not tolerate the cold well. Before you purchase your guinea pig, make sure you have adequate supplies. Start with selecting a good brand of food...


Understand the basics of in-text citations and a reference page. Insert an in-text citation. Write the author’s name and book title as the first information in your footnote. Add the publishing information. Add the page numbers to your footnote. Know that articles follow the same format as books. Cite an interview in your in-text citations.

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When you reference information from another author or source, you are supposed to tell the reader where you found that information. To do this, you can provide an in-text citation, meaning in the midst of your paper, and a reference sheet at the end of your paper.The in-text citation for a Chicago style paper is a footnote. A footnote is a number inserted at the end of a sentence that corresponds to a citation found at the bottom of that page in your essay. For an in-text citation, click at the end of the sentence you are citing, putting the typing bar there. Click “References” on the ribbon bar in Microsoft Word, and hit “Insert Footnote.” That will insert a superscript number that corresponds with a number at the bottom of the page. Doing this also re-numbers the footnotes as you add new ones, so you don’t have to number the footnotes manually. Put the author’s first and last name in the footnote, followed by a comma and the title of the book in italics. For example: “Georgina Victoire, Robin’s Eggs” After the book title, type an open parenthesis, and the place of publication, followed by a colon. Follow that with the publisher’s name, a comma, and the year of publication. Close the parenthesis. For example: “Georgina Victoire, Robin’s Eggs (Atlanta, Georgia: Peaches and Cream Publishing, 1982)” Finally, add a comma and the page number you found the information on. Finish your footnote with a period and remember to leave a line space between each footnote. “Georgina Victoire, Robin’s Eggs (Atlanta, Georgia: Peaches and Cream Publishing, 1982), 84.” An in-text citation of an article would look very similar. It would look like this:  Author, Article Title, Journal’s Title, Volume Number, a comma, and “no.” plus the issue number. For example: “Livia Hodges, ‘The Joy of Plants,’ Biology for Geeks 25, no. 3 (2001): 27. For an interview you perform, you only cite the source in-text. Use the person’s name you are interviewing as the author’s name, just as with other citations: “Brett, John,” Follow it with the...


Understand the basics of menopause. Track how long it has been since your last menstrual cycle. Keep track of other symptoms.

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In order to figure out if you are experiencing menopause, you need to understand the basic biological processes that underlie menopause.  Menopause is the point at which your menstrual periods will stop for good. The ovaries stop producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone. The years leading up to your last period, where you may experience common symptoms like hot flashes, are often mistakenly referred to as menopause. However, this is actually a menopausal transition known as perimenopause.  Usually, women experience menopause between the ages of 40 and 55, the average age being 51. You may experience premature menopause, however, especially if you've had surgeries to remove certain reproductive organs.  Menopause is a natural bodily process that does not require medical treatment. However, many women benefit from hormonal replacement during the perimenopause transition. Talk to your doctor if this is something you feel would help you with the physical and emotional toll of menopause. Depending on how long it's been since your last cycle, you may not yet be experiencing menopause. If that's the case you may have another menstrual period at some point before your cycle completely stops.  Irregular periods are common during premenopause. A few missed periods in a row may not be menopause itself, so check with your doctor if you've missed only a few periods in a row. You want to rule out other potential health problems, such as cancer, before assuming you're entering menopause.  It's a good idea to monitor your monthly cycle so you know when your period is late. You should get in the habit of tracking your cycle as you reach your early 40s as menopause can start during this time. A simple dot on a calendar can be a good indicator of when your period began.  If your menstrual period has been absent for a year, you are in menopause. Your period will not return.  If, after a year, you suddenly experience bleeding, contact your doctor immediately. This is postmenopausal bleeding and needs to be evaluated as...


Understand the basics. Decide which chords you will use. Create three bars. Apply the form to the key you picked.

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Most blues music has four beats in a bar, use three four-bar phrases, and are built on the 12-bar blues form. Knowing this basic form will lay the foundation for your song. While most blues music follows these three rules, remember that your music can be anything you want it to be, so feel free to play around and make any changes you want. Your chord options are A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. Blues music uses only 3 chords: The tonic (chord 1), the subdominant (chord IV), and the dominant (chord V), so choose your three favorite chords to use. For example, if your first chord is C, then your fourth would be F because it is the fourth from the main one. Your fifth cord would be G because it is the fifth from the main one. After you have established the three cords you will use, you want to create your bars. There are four beats in each bar and there is a basic pattern for these bars that blues music follows.  The form is pretty simple. Your first bar is 1 (tonic), 1 (tonic), 1 (tonic), 1 (tonic). The second bar is 4 (subdominant), 4 (subdominant), 1 (tonic), 1 (tonic). Your third bar is 5 (dominant), 5 (dominant), 1 (tonic), 1 (tonic). A new bar is indicated with | so the form is written as 1 1 1 1 | 4 4 1 1 | 5 5 1 1. If you were working with the key of C your first three bars are CCCC | FFCC | GGCC  Just like that you’ve created a 12 bar blues form! You have four beats in your bar and three bars, which all adds up to be 12.  Listen to Robert Johnson’s  “Crossroad Blues” or  “Sweet Home Chicago” for some examples of the A A B / 12-bar blues form.


Understand the basics. Find the head spot. Rack the balls. Learn the lingo.

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8-ball is a game played with a cue ball and 15 "object balls," numbered 1 through 15. One player must pocket balls of the group numbered 1 through 7 (solid colors), while the other player has 9 through 15 (stripes). To  win, you must be the player to pocket either group first, and then legally pocket the 8-ball. Look for a small dot or triangle in the lateral center of the felt, about a quarter of the way down the length of the table. This is where you will place the cue ball to begin the game. The line that runs through this point is called the "head string." Find the triangular pool rack and place the 1-15 balls inside. Arrange the rack at the opposite end of the table from the head spot, with one corner of the triangle facing the break. Make sure that the rack is laterally centered along the foot string. Then, when you are ready to play, remove the racking frame so that only the balls remain.  Place the point of the triangle three-quarters down the length of the table, at the "foot spot": the dot on the tabletop that corresponds to the head spot. If the "head string" marks the 1/4 point from the head of the table to the foot, then the "foot string" is an imaginary line that marks the distance 3/4 of the way from the head to the foot. The "food spot" is located at the exact midpoint of the foot string line.  Set the 8-ball in the center of the triangle. Put the 1-ball at the point of the triangle, facing the break. Place a stripe ball in one back corner of the rack, and a solid ball in the other corner. Pool is rich with unique terminology that can be difficult for new players to understand. Reference the terms as you learn to play. If you aren't sure what something means, ask a veteran pool player to clarify.  Object balls: The striped and solid balls numbered 1-15. Every pool ball but the cue ball. The "object balls" are the balls that you are trying to knock into the pockets. Pocket: The baskets along the rim of the pool table. There are six pockets: one in each corner, and one at the midpoint of each...


Understand the basics. Hold . Aim your mouse towards the bottom corner of the angled surface. Move back towards the upper corner before jumping. Press . Hold . Never press . Try to hit the next ramp in the upper corner nearest to you.

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Surfing in Counter-Strike is accomplished by sliding down angled surfaces, using gravity to maintain your speed. You'll be required to jump from surface to surface to navigate the map. You'll be using the A and D buttons to stay on the angle, and the mouse to steer. A or D while on the angle towards the apex. Every time you're surfing an angle, you should be hold either A or D, whichever key is the opposite of the slope. For example, if you're on an angle where the upper edge is on your right, and the lower edge is on your left, press and hold D to push yourself towards the apex. This will keep you on the surface so that you don't fall off.  This is the essential motion for surfing. You always want to be pushing the opposite direction of the angle you're on to counter gravity. A basic way to remember this is to use this simple diagram: D/\A This will increase your speed, allowing gravity to work in your favor. After moving towards the bottom of the ramp, quickly aim towards the upper corner and climb back up before jumping to the next surface. You are essentially making a wave motion for each surface you hit (start high, move low, and then move back up high before jumping). Space to jump to the next surface. When you reach the end of a surfing surface, press Space to jump and move to the next angled surface. Try to jump at the last possible second to maintain your speed. A or D while in the air, depending on your direction. Hold the key that matches the direction you're going in mid-air W while surfing. While it might be tempting to press W to "move forward," this will actually slow you down. You'll get all the speed you need by moving along the angled ramps. If you need to stop mid-air, or slow down on a ramp for some reason, press S. Otherwise, avoid this key was well. This will give you the most space to surf downwards to the bottom corner of the far end of the ramp. Hitting the right entry spot for the ramp can be essential for maintaining a high speed. Be careful when lining up your approach, as hitting...


Understand the basics. Know the symptoms. Learn how eczema acts. Understand how atopic dermatitis is passed. Be aware how atopic dermatitis can affect your vision.

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Atopic dermatitis is a skin condition that most often appears in childhood. It is related to environmental allergies, hay fever, and asthma, meaning that if you develop one of these conditions, you are more likely to develop the other conditions. Atopic dermatitis is an immune response. Typically, an irritant (called the "precipitant" or immediate cause) comes into contact with your body. The body gets confused and overreacts, causing inflammation of the skin even in areas that weren't exposed. If you develop acute (short-term) eczema, you may see small, red, itchy bumps on your skin. There might also be some swelling and scaling. If the eczema continues, the symptoms may reach the chronic stage, developing into itchy, thicker patches of skin that turn brownish or reddish. In addition, the bumps may weep, meaning they produce liquid. You may also have scaly, dry skin. Atopic dermatitis can come and go over time. When the symptoms are worse, it's called a flare-up. However, you can go for long periods when you may exhibit no symptoms. This condition is not contagious, meaning you can't catch it by coming in contact with someone who has it. However, it can be passed genetically from parent to child. This condition can cause problems with your vision. If you think your vision is being affected by a recent flare-up, always speak with your doctor. One way it affects your vision is the skin around your eyes can be red and puffy, making it difficult to see. However, this disease has also been linked to a higher occurrence of cataracts and spontaneous retinal detachment, even when treated.


Understand the benefits of assertive communication. Say “no” when appropriate. Stay calm and respect others. Use simple sentences. Utilize “I” statements when you are asserting yourself. Use appropriate body language. Take time to practice assertive communication.

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Assertiveness is a learned style of communication that allows for the confident expression of one’s needs and feelings while, at the same time, remaining mindful of the opinions, wants, needs, and feelings of others.  It is an alternative to behaving in a passive or aggressive manner.  There are many benefits to learning how to communicating assertively:  Strong and effective communication Confidence Self-esteem enhancement Gain respect of others Improves decision-making skills Reduces stress of not having needs met Enables conflict resolution Self-respect increases Feelings of being ignored or coerced replaced by feelings of being understood and in control of decisions Tendency to be less depressed  Decreased likelihood of substance abuse Saying no can be difficult for many people.  However, saying “yes” when you need to say “no” can lead to unnecessary stress, resentment, and anger toward others.  When saying no, it can be helpful to keep in mind a useful set of guidelines:  Keep it brief. Be clear. Be honest. For example, if you don't have time to do a favor that you don't have time to do, you can simply say, "I can't this time. Sorry to disappoint you, but I have too many things to do that day, and there's no room in my schedule." When you are speaking with someone, remain calm and have respect for them. This will enable the other person to heed what you say and treat you with respect too. It may help to breathe deeply if you start to feel upset. Doing so will initiate your body's calming process and help you stay in control. Communication may seem like a simple task, however, much of what we attempt to communicate to others – and what is communicated to us – can often be misunderstood.  This may cause frustration or conflict in our relationships with other people. When communicating with someone, state your feelings, wants, opinions, and needs in simple sentences. This will help the other person clearly understand what you’re asking. For example, instead of speaking to a family member in long sentences...


Understand the benefits of exercise during pregnancy. Warm up and cool down as a part of exercise sessions. Participate in cardiovascular exercise. Perform strength-training exercises. Practice regular yoga or Pilates. Listen to your body. Be aware of potentially risky activities.

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Exercise can help anyone be and feel healthy, and this is also true for pregnant women. Understanding the benefits of exercise during pregnancy can help you maintain your fitness by helping to motivate you.  Exercise can prevent excess weight gain during pregnancy.  Exercise can minimize pregnancy related problems such as constipation, back pain, or swelling.  Exercise can increase your energy and help you to sleep.  Exercise may help you prepare for labor, making it easier and helping you to recover from pregnancy and childbirth more quickly. Whenever you have an exercise session, make sure you warm up before them and spend some time cooling down once you’re finished. This will help prepare your body to exercise as well as stabilize your temperature and blood pressure.  Warm up with a low-impact and light activity, such as walking, for 5-10 minutes.  Cool down with a low-impact activity such as light jogging or walking for 5-10 minutes.  Being and staying properly hydrated for exercise is important. Make sure to have at least 64 ounces of liquid a day to stay hydrated and add 8 ounces of water for every hour of activity. Doing low-impact, moderate intensity cardiovascular exercise can help you maintain your fitness and may also make your pregnancy and subsequent recovery more comfortable. Discuss your plan to do cardio training with your doctor and certified fitness professional before you start.  Pregnant women can do at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise all or most days of the week.  If you are very active or did intense cardio before your pregnancy, you may be able to keep up with these workouts with your doctor’s approval and if you feel comfortable.  If you are just beginning or need to do a lower impact activity, walking and swimming are excellent options.  You can do any type of cardio training to maintain your fitness during pregnancy. Beyond walking and swimming, consider running, rowing, biking, or using an elliptical machine. In addition to cardiovascular exercise, strength training can help...


Understand the benefits of regular exercise. Warm up and cool down as a part of exercise sessions. Participate in cardiovascular exercise. Perform strength-training exercises. Practice regular yoga or Pilates. Listen to your body.

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Exercise can help anyone be and feel healthy. But it can also help you shed excess weight. Understanding the benefits of exercise can help get fit and lose weight..  Exercise can prevent excess weight gain.  Exercise can minimize age related problems such as muscle and bone loss, stress, or even sleep issues.  Exercise can increase your energy and help you to sleep. Whenever you have an exercise session, make sure you warm up before them and spend some time cooling down once you're finished. This will help prepare your body to exercise as well as stabilize your temperature and blood pressure.  Warm up with a low-impact and light activity, such as walking, for 5-10 minutes.  Cool down with a low-impact activity such as light jogging or walking for 5-10 minutes.  Being and staying properly hydrated for exercise is important. Make sure to have at least 64 ounces of liquid a day to stay hydrated and add 8 ounces of water for every hour of activity. Doing low-impact, moderate intensity cardiovascular exercise can help you maintain your fitness and may also help you lose weight. Discuss your plan to do cardio training with your doctor and certified fitness professional before you start.  People over 60 can do at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise all or most days of the week. If you can't do an activity for 30 minutes, split it up into two 15 minute sessions.  If you are very active, you may be able to keep up with these workouts with your doctor's approval and if you feel comfortable.  If you are just beginning or need to do a lower impact activity, walking and swimming are excellent options.  You can do any type of cardio training to help you lose weight. Beyond walking and swimming, consider running, rowing, biking, or using an elliptical machine. In addition to cardiovascular exercise, strength training can help you lose weight. It may also help ward off age-related diseases such as osteoporosis and prevent you from injuring yourself because bearing weight builds bone and muscle.  Before you begin any...


Understand the benefits. Melt coconut oil. Brush your hair. Lather hair with oil. Keep in overnight. Wash hair.

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Coconut oil is one of the miracle foods that has ever growing amount of uses. Asides from being a delicious substitute for butter, coconut oil can revitalize your hair. The oil adds a luster, shine, and smoothness to your hair. Either melt the oil by placing the container in boiling water, or by microwaving it. At room temperature, coconut oil is a solid. The melting point is low, so it won't take too long to get the liquids. Don't make it too hot or else you'll scald your scalp. Untangle any knots or tension in your hair before lathering with coconut oil. The oil will be able to spread easier once you've brushed it. Use anywhere from 1-4 tablespoons of melted coconut oil. This mainly depends on how thorough you want to be, and how healthy your hair already is. Using too much will not damage anything. Massage the oil in and around your scalp. Cover everywhere on her head from the roots to tips. Use a shower cap to hold all your hair.  Make sure the cap is secure, yet not cutting off any circulation. You could also leave the oils in for around two hours if you'd rather not sleep with it. Use a moisturizing shampoo in the morning to wash out the oil.  The shampoo amount shouldn't extend beyond a small dollop in your palm.


Understand the breed characteristics. Teach your coonhound to walk on a leash. Strengthen the come command. Train in appropriate conditions. Know when your puppy is ready to hunt.

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Coonhounds refer to a group of dogs that were all bred to hunt and tree raccoons. There are a number of different types of coonhounds, including redbone, black and tan, American English, blue-tick, treeing walker, red-tick, and the plot hound, that range in weight and size. Because they were bred to hunt, coonhounds have a strong prey drive and are eager to please their owners by working.  Coonhounds are the breed of choice for many small game hunters, especially in North America. They respond well to training and bred to be excellent hunters. They are hard workers and need daily exercise to satisfy their energy levels.  Coonhounds hunt by scent and are expert trackers. They tend to hunt almost entirely relying on scent before they tree or corner the animal. Coonhounds are notorious for following scents and ignoring the calls of the owners when they’re on the trail. Unless your dog is well trained, you should not let them off-leash in unsecured areas, like the open woods.Leash training can be more difficult with coonhounds than with other dogs, this will be an ongoing process. Attach a leash to your dog’s collar and let them become acclimated to being on a leash. Begin walking with your dog and reward them with a small treat when they stay by your side. If they attempt to pull on the leash, stop walking and do not move until the dog returns to you. This way, they learn that the walk will only continue when they behave on the leash. The come command is one of the more difficult commands for coonhounds to learn. As scent hounds, these dogs are bred to smell and are known to wander off and ignore commands whenever they pick up a scent. It is absolutely essential that your coonhound respond to the come command and return to you when they are called. When they do not know this command, you risk losing your dog to whatever scent they pick up, even if it leads them into dangerous areas. Practice the come command by calling your dog’s name once and then rewarding their good behavior with a small treat when they come....


Understand the breeding process. Select two dragons to breed. Breed lesser dragons to get the best dragons.

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In order to breed dragons, you will need to have unlocked the Breeding Island or Breeding Cave. This is where you can send two dragons to breed and produce an egg. The egg will need to incubate for a certain amount of time before it hatches, depending on the breed the egg contains. When you select two dragons to breed, the game will calculate what dragon you receive based on certain odds. Generally, there are three types of results you can expect from a breeding: Common, Rare, and Epic. The one you get is purely chance-based, and Rares and Epics have very low percentages. The rarest dragons are bred from combinations of previous, lesser dragons. You will need to go through several breeding processes before you have the right dragons to breed the super rare ones.


Understand the capitalization method. Calculate total capital employed. Learn how to calculate capitalized value of profits. Calculate goodwill.

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This method starts with the results of one of the other two methods. Beginning with average or super profits, the capitalization method determines how much capital is needed to produce those average or super profits, assuming the business earns a normal rate of return for the particular industry. This amount of capital is known as the capitalized value of profits, and the excess of this figure over the total capital employed can be considered goodwill. To find the capital employed, simply subtract the liabilities from the assets. It can also be represented as:  Capital Employed = Assets - Liabilities. In order to use the the capitalization method, you must know how to calculate the capitalized value of profits. In order to find the capitalized value of profits, you must first multiply the average or super profit by 100 (either one works). The total must then be divided by the normal rate of return. The formula can also be represented as:  Capitalized Value of Average/Super Profits = Average/Super Profits X (100 / Normal Rate of Return). This formula calculates how much capital is required to earn the average or super profits of the business, assuming it made a normal rate of return. Simply subtract capital employed from step 2, from capitalized value of average or super profits. The formula looks like this: Goodwill = Capitalized Value of Average/Super Profits - Capital Employed.  Consider an example. Let's say that firm has average profits of $40,000, in an industry where the normal rate of return is 10%. The firm also has $1,000,000 in assets and $500,000 in liabilities. The total capitalized value of the firm is $40,000 × 100/10, which is equal to $400,000. The capital employed = $1,000,000 − $700,000, which leaves $300,000. Finally, goodwill is equal to capitalized value of profits minus the capital employed, or $400,000 − $300,000. The goodwill is $100,000. With this method, goodwill is reflective of the difference between the rate of return of the business in question, and the normal rate of return. For...


Understand the cause of a cerebral aneurysm. Know your risk factors. Stop smoking. Watch your blood pressure Manage your diet.

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A cerebral aneurysm happens when an artery in the brain weakens and forms into a balloon before rupturing. They often form at forks or branches in arteries, the weakest sections of blood vessels.  When the balloon ruptures, continuous bleeding in the brain will occur. Blood is toxic to the brain, and when bleeding happens, it is often called hemorrhagic syndrome. Most brain aneurysms take place in the subarachnoid space, which is the area between the brain and the skull bone. Cerebral and aortic aneurysms share several risk factors. Some of them cannot be controlled, such as inherited genetic conditions, but others can be reduced by smart lifestyle choices. Here are common risk factors for cerebral and aortic aneurysms:  Smoking elevates your risk of both types of aneurysms. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, damages blood vessels and the lining of the aorta.  Aging increases your risk of cerebral aneurysms after age 50. The aorta becomes stiffer with age, and the prevalence of aneurysms increases as you get older.  Inflammation can cause damage that leads to aneurysms. Conditions like vasculitis (an inflammation of the blood vessels) can damage and scar the aorta.  Trauma, such as falls or motor vehicle accidents, can damage the aorta.  Infections such as syphilis (an STI) can damage the lining of the aorta. Bacterial or fungal infections of the brain can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of aneurysm.  Substance use or abuse, especially cocaine use and heavy alcohol consumption, cause hypertension that can lead to brain aneurysms.  Gender plays a role in your risk for aneurysms. Men develop aortic aneurysms at a higher rate than women do, but women are at higher risk for developing brain aneurysms.  Certain inherited conditions, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Marfan syndrome (both connective tissue disorders), can cause weakening of cerebral blood vessels and the aorta. Smoking is believed to contribute to the formation and rupture of brain aneurysms. Smoking is also the most significant risk...


Understand the cause. Know the symptoms. Realize the complications.

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Shin splints are not considered a serious type of injury, although they can generate lots of pain and hinder the ability to run, or even walk. The main cause is too much strain on the leg muscles below the knee, particularly the tibialis anterior, which is responsible for lifting your foot while walking and running. Sometimes shin splints also involve inflammation of the tibial periosteum, the thin sheath of tissue that wraps around the tibia or shin bone. In rare cases, shin splints may also involve stress (hairline) fractures of the tibia or blood circulation problems in the lower leg.  Risk factors for shin splints include intensive running and hiking (especially on hills), inadequate footwear, flat feet, and poor biomechanics or technique. Military recruits, professional dancers and athletes such as soccer and basketball players have higher incidence of shin splints. The most common symptoms of shin splints include: tenderness, soreness or pain along the inner part of your lower leg, mild inflammation in the same area, and difficulty lifting your toes off the ground (known as dorsiflexion). Pain is often noted during the initial part of a workout or activity, then lessens once the muscles are warmed up, then often reappears near the end of the session after the inflammation accumulates. The pain is often described as dull and annoying initially, but with continuing trauma it can become excruciating for some.  Shin splints often feel worse in the morning because the soft tissues (muscles and tendons) tighten overnight. Shin splints also flare-up when you forcibly try to lift your foot up (dorsiflex) against resistance. The location and type of the pain is often enough for a correct diagnosis of shin splints, so x-rays, an MRI or diagnostic ultrasound are rarely needed for confirmation. Allowing shin splints to develop and then become chronic not only creates pain and disability in your lower legs that's difficult to heal and get rid of, but other joints "higher up the chain" get negatively affected. Not...


Understand the causes behind clogged arteries. Eat a healthy diet rich in healthy saturated fats and low in sugar, fructose, and carbohydrates. Stop smoking Keep your weight within normal weight range. Get regular exercise for 30 minutes every day. Try to reduce the stress. Talk to your doctor about medication.

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While many people believe the fatty substance that blocks arteries is caused by an excess of cholesterol, this explanation is much simpler than the complexities of the different sizes of cholesterol molecules. Cholesterol is required by the body to make vitamins, hormones and other chemical transmitters. Researchers have discovered that while certain cholesterol molecules are dangerous to your heart and developing clogged arteries, it is sugar and carbohydrates which set up an inflammatory response in the body that is a significant precursor to atherosclerosis.  While you might be steering clear of saturated fats to reduce your cholesterol level and risk of atherosclerosis and clogged arteries, you will have been making a significant mistake. Eating healthy saturated fats has not been scientifically linked with heart disease and clogged arteries.   However, diets high in fructose, sugar-filled low-fat food options, and whole grain wheat have been linked to dyslipidemia creating clogged arteries. Fructose can be found in beverages, fruits, jelly, jams and other pre-sweetened food. Carbohydrates are metabolized into sugars in the body and will also increase the inflammatory response. Large amounts of sugar, fructose, and carbohydrates will increase your risk of developing diabetes. Diabetes increases your risk of clogged arteries. This includes only drinking a moderate amount of alcohol. . The exact toxic components in tobacco which trigger atherosclerosis and clogged arteries is not known, but researchers do know that smoking is a primary risk for inflammation, thrombosis and the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins, all of which contribute to clogged arteries. Increased weight increases your risk of diabetes. Diabetes, in turn, increases your risk of clogged arteries. A lack of physical exercise is one of the factors that predict 90% of the risk of heart attacks in men and 94% of the risk in women. Heart disease and heart attacks are just two of the results of clogged arteries. Another contributing factor...


Understand the causes. Know if you are at risk. Go to your doctor. Get an x-ray.

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Heel spurs can be caused by a few separate issues relating to the muscles, ligaments, and tendons in your feet. Often, heel spurs occur when there is extended strain on the foot's muscles and ligaments. This strain is often associated with repeated activities, such as running, extensive walking on feet unaccustomed to the exercise, and repeated jumping. They can also be caused by improper fitting or worn out shoes. The exact cause may be slightly hard to pinpoint because the pain related to the heel spurs may take a while to manifest after the activity that finally causes the pain. Try to keep track of when your pain occurs so you can try to link it with the probable cause. Individuals most at risk for heel spurs are those that put a lot of stress on their feet. People who take part in a lot of sporting events or athletic activities that put repetitive pressure on the feet are likely at risk. You may also be at risk if you are pregnant, obese, or have diabetes. Individuals who work in a job where they spend a lot of time on their feet, such as construction workers, nurses, waitresses, or factory workers, may also be at risk due to the daily strain on their feet across hard surfaces.  For example, people who run a lot, play tennis, or play volleyball are at risk for heel spurs. Individuals who do a lot of step aerobics or climbing exercises are also at risk. If you wear ill-fitting high heels on a regular basis, you may also be at risk for heel spurs. If you are experiencing chronic pain in your heels, you need to see your doctor. If you have a podiatrist, you can go see her first. However, if you only have a general doctor, she can do a preliminary examination and refer you to a good podiatrist that will be able to help with your spurs. Your podiatrist will likely ask for a history of any past foot ailments, any stress factors that may have contributed to the spurs, and the state of the shoes you wear on a normal basis.  She will feel along your injured foot for any abnormalities and try to replicate the pain...


Understand the characteristics of a grass and grass-like plant. Find or locate a weed that would likely be a grass or grass-like weed. Examine the plant. Examine the grass-like weed. Make an identification guess on the species or common name of the plant.

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All grasses and grass-like plants in the family Graminaceae (or Poaceae) are easily identified by their long, narrow leaves with parallel veins. As they mature they form a "stem"--which is not a true stem like with woody- and broad-leaf species of angiosperms and gymnosperms--or a culm that ends with an inflorescence or seed-head with multiple small, green, inconspicuous flowers.  Grasses and grass-like plants belong in a large group called Monocotyledons. Besides those in the Gramineae family, there are many other plants that resemble a grass, because of the leaf structure. The differences begin with flowering characteristics. Orchids, irises, lilies, cattails, bur-reeds, and arrow-grasses are such monocots, the first three have showy, non-petal-like flower parts, and the latter are tightly condensed flowers without the typical lemmas, glumes, and florets that form a spikelet, or even the perigynium, typical of sedges and most rushes. Using the basic identifying characteristics described in the above step, find a plant in your garden or flower bed that obviously shouldn't be growing in there and looks suspiciously like a grass. Grasses have several parts: Leaves or blades, stems, collars, and inflorescences. Below ground, they often have fibrous, spreading roots. Many weed grasses are able to spread with production of tillers from the "mother plant" which sends out multiple spreading rhizomes. Quackgrass is especially notorious for this. There are also bunchgrass grasses, but these are not the kinds of grasses likely to become weeds due to their inability to spread out quickly like with rhizomatous, sod-forming grasses such as Quackgrass and Kentucky Bluegrass.   Leaves and stems (culms): Grasses in their vegetative stage will be mainly leaves, with no visible stem. The true stem of grasses is only 1 to 2 millimeters long, and at the very base of the plant. This is also where the main growth point or apical meristem is located, and where the plant's leaves and inflorescence originate from. Most species'...


Understand the command. Clicker train your dog. Figure out when your dog barks most. Recreate the triggering event. Use the verbal "speak" command from the beginning. Combine the “speak” with the “quiet” command.

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The “speak” command teaches your dog to bark in response to your verbal cue. On its own, this command is something of a novelty. But in combination with the “quiet” command, it can help manage a barking problem in an overly vocal dog. Take extreme caution when teaching this command. Inexperienced trainers sometimes find "speak" training spirals out of control. They end up with a dog who barks at them all the time. "Speak" training requires immediate praise, more so than other commands do.  Teach your dog to associate the click sound with a treat by clicking and treating a few times in a row. Continue this clicker training until your dog sees the click sound as a reward in and of itself. The treat will come later. This will vary from dog to dog, so you have to observe your specific pet. He might bark most reliably when you withhold a treat, when someone knocks on the door, when someone rings the doorbell, or when someone honks a horn. Once you’ve figured out what makes your dog bark, perform that action in front of your dog. The idea is to encourage him to bark on his own, then praise him for the action.  You can see how this might be dangerous in the hands of an inexperienced trainer. That's why "speak" training is a little different from the other commands. You'll incorporate the verbal command from the very beginning. That way, the dog doesn't think you're praising him for his natural behavior. As soon as your dog barks for the very first time, give the verbal "speak" command, click, and give him a treat.  The other commands thus far have taught the behavior first, then added a command that preceded the behavior. However, "speak" training gets out of hand too easily that way. The dog gets rewarded for barking at first. Thus, it's better to associate the verbal command with the behavior already in progress. Never reward the dog for barking without the verbal command. If you have a dog who naturally barks too much, you might not think teaching him to "speak" is going to help your situation. However, if you...


Understand the concept of a trump suit. Know how to keep score. Think about your partner's cards.

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Trump is the dominant suit in Euchre. Any trump card beats any non-trump card. If a player leads off with the trump suit, the highest trump card wins the trick. In the trump suit and only the trump suit, rankings are a bit different. The order in trump cards goes as so (for explanatory purposes assume trump is spades): Right Bower (jack of spades), Left Bower (jack of clubs), Ace (spades), King (spades), Queen (spades), ten (spades), and nine (spades). The jack of the same color but not the same suit as trump is the left bower. The order of the non-trump cards is sequential, nine being lowest and ace being highest in rank. The unit of Euchre is a "trick." There are five tricks (or rounds) in each hand of Euchre. The first pair to win 10 points is the winner of Euchre.  If a team chooses the trump suit and then proceeds to win at least three tricks, they get 1 point. If they get all five tricks (sweeping the hand), they score 2 points. If the team that chose the trump suit does not get at least three tricks, the opposing team gets 2 points. They have successfully euchred the other team. If you choose to go solo (when you have a really good hand) and make all five tricks your team gets a whopping 4 points. Avoid playing good cards when your partner has already laid down a winner; your team will probably take that trick without your help. Start by playing a good card so your teammate doesn't waste potential winning cards unnecessarily. If you have a bunch of good cards, however, consider "going alone." If one partner decides their hand is very valuable and they are confident they can win all 5 tricks, this player can "go alone." (This usually only happens when that player has both trump Jacks, as well as an Ace and another trump suited card in their hand. This gives you extremely good odds of winning the trick.) This means that their partner sits out for one trick. Once the first card of the trick is flipped and the players are calling to pass or pick it up, when your turn comes you announce you are "going...


Understand the concept of angular motion. Visualize angular position. Measure angular motion in radians. Understand the concept of angular acceleration.

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When people think of the speed of an object, they often consider linear motion - that is, objects traveling mostly in a straight line. This would include a car, a plane, a ball that is thrown or any number of other objects. However, angular motion describes objects that spin or rotate. Think of the earth spinning on its axis. The position or speed of the earth can be measured with angular quantities. A spinning compact disc (or record player, if you're old enough), electrons on their axes, or the wheels of a car on the axle are other examples of rotating objects that can be measured through angular motion. When you measure the position of a moving vehicle, for example, you can measure the distance traveled in a straight line from the starting point. With a rotating object, the measurement is generally done in terms of the angle around a circle. By convention, the starting or “zero” point is generally a horizontal radius from the center to the right side of the circle. The distance traveled is measured by the size of the angle θ{\displaystyle \theta }, measured from that horizontal radius.  The angle that is being measured is commonly represented by θ{\displaystyle \theta }, the Greek letter theta. Positive motion is measured in a counterclockwise direction. Negative motion is measured in a clockwise direction. Linear travel is generally measured in some unit of distance, such as miles, meters, inches or some other unit of length. Rotational or angular motion is generally measured in units called radian. A radian is a fraction of the circle. For standard reference, mathematicians use the “unit circle,” which has a standard radius of 1 unit.  One full rotation around the unit circle is said to measure 2π radians. Therefore, a half circle is π radians, and a quarter circle is π/2 radians. Sometimes it is useful to convert from radians to degrees. If you recall that a full circle is 360 degrees, you can find the conversion as follows:  360 degrees=2π radians{\displaystyle 360\ {\text{degrees}}=2\pi \...


Understand the concept. Play the main story up to the Hotel Assassination mission. Invest all of your money in Beta Pharmaceuticals. Sell the Beta stock immediately after completing the Hotel Assassination. Finish the story mode. Invest in Debonaire before the Multi-Target Assassination. Sell Debonaire and purchase Redwood after the mission. Sell Redwood after its rebound. Flip Fruit with the Vice Assassination mission. Buy Facade stock after selling Fruit. Sell off Facade after it rebounds. Buy Vapid stock after the Bus Assassination. Sell Vapid after the rebound. Invest in GoldCoast (LCN) before the Construction Assassination. Sell off GoldCoast after the mission.

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By investing in certain companies before killing their rivals' investors or owners in assassinations, you can make huge amounts of money. You'll have to wait until the story mode is over before doing this, since you won't have enough money to make a large profit until after the game's campaign is over.  All of the assassination missions are completed by Franklin, and given to him by Lester.  Never complete the next mission in the sequence until all your stock shenanigans are finished. You shouldn't complete any side assassinations for now, but the Hotel Assassination mission is mandatory to progress forward the story. Before doing this mission, you'll want to invest all of your money in a stock that's guaranteed to go up. This stock is listed on the BAWSAQ board. Performing the Hotel Assassination mission will cause this stock to increase in value. It's a good idea to save before you do this, just in case something goes wrong in the interim between buying the stock and completing the mission. Doing so will result in a profit for you. At this point, you technically can wait three in-game days, buy Bilkington stock on the LCN, wait an in-game week, and then sell Bilkington off, but it's unnecessary and won't net you much profit. It takes money to make money on the stock market; finishing the story mode will net roughly $25 million dollars for each character, after which point you can continue along to the rest of the assassination missions. Debonaire may be pricey during this time, but you're going to drive its price way up by taking down Redwood investors. After the mission is over, selling Debonaire on the LCN will net a huge profit, while purchasing the LCN's Redwood will be cheap. The rebound period may take a couple of days, so pass the time by sleeping in-game. As always, save before making any large stock investments or sales. Buy Fruit on the BAWSAQ exchange, then do the mission and sell off Fruit immediately after. Facade (BAWSAQ) will be significantly lower after Fruit skyrockets, so purchase as much...


Understand the concept. Prepare an organizer pouch. Fill the pouch with small, soft items. Iron your clothes. Fasten all buttons, zippers, and snaps. Work on a flat surface. Determine a working order.

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Bundling is a packing method used to greatly reduce wrinkles and creases. You'll wrap each garment around a core object, creating a snug bundle in the process.  Since this method requires you to wrap your clothes, you won't actually do any folding. The lack of folding results in a lack of creases. Wrapping items of clothing around a core and around each other also creates tension. This tension minimizes wrinkling. Find an organizer pouch with surface dimensions that are approximately 11 inches by 16 inches (30 cm by 40 cm).  The best dimensions can vary slightly depending on how many clothes you plan to pack and how wide your suitcase is. This size works well for most circumstances, though. You can technically use any small object with fixed dimensions like these. Since you can fill the pouch with other necessities, however, it is typically your best option. Roll or fold the socks and undergarments you plan to pack and carefully arrange them inside the pouch.  Similar items, like swimsuits, can also be packed in your pouch. Place soft items in this pouch, and fill the pouch with enough of these items to create a firm pillow. The idea is to make a firm core, but it should not be a rigid one. Do not put anything in your pouch that you need quick access to. Take the time to iron out any major creases or wrinkles before you pack any of your garments. Correct bundling should prevent additional wrinkles from forming, but it will not remove any wrinkles currently in your clothes. Secure all fasteners on all garments. Button your shirts and jackets, zipper any trousers or skirts, and snap up any pockets. Closed surfaces will be easier to wrap than wide, open surfaces. Clear your bed or a large area on a table or floor. It will be easiest to create your bundle in a flat spot with little clutter. Another option is to open your suitcase wrap the bundle directly inside. Doing so is more difficult and not ideal, but it can work in situations where wide space is not an option. Large wrinkle-prone garments will need to be...


Understand the costs and benefits of oiling. Prepare your tools. Clean the furniture and let dry if necessary. Select a "teak oil" or "teak sealer" product. Use a paint brush to apply teak oil. Wait fifteen minutes, then wipe down with a cloth. Wipe up spills and drips with mineral oil. Reapply regularly.

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Applying teak oil maintains the furniture's glossy, brown appearance, and may make scratches and other damage less visible if it occurs, since the surface will have a similar appearance as the inner wood. However, once oiled, the furniture may become dependent on repeated oiling, at least once every three months, to maintain its appearance. If, however, the furniture has never been oiled, it can remain sturdy for decades.  Warning: Teak furniture manufacturers strongly recommend avoiding oil of outdoor furniture or furniture that is kept in damp environments. This is due to the increased chance of mildew brought on by creating an environment likely to promote the growth of mold colonies. Place a cloth or newspaper beneath the teak furniture to catch spills. Put on gloves to avoid getting oil on your hand, which may cause skin irritation. While most teak oils are not highly toxic, long-term exposure may cause health problems, so working in a well-ventilated area is recommended. Keep teak oil away from heat sources, as it can be highly flammable. Select several clean, disposable rags to use for oiling your furniture. If the furniture is cleaned regularly, dust it thoroughly. If it appears dirty, feels sticky, or has grime buildup, wash with water and mild soap, or use a specialized "teak cleaner." See the care section for more detail.  Warning: Dry the furniture after cleaning and leave it for 24–36 hours to remove all moisture before applying the oil. Even if the surface moisture has dried, moisture just below the surface could be trapped by the oil, altering color and longevity. The "teak oil" products used for this purpose are not actually made from the teak tree, and composition can vary between them. Of the common ingredients, tung oil may be more effective than linseed oil. Teak oil sometimes comes with an artificial color or an additional sealant product mixed in, so read the label carefully before selecting. Teak sealer typically requires less frequent application than teak oil, but otherwise operates...


Understand the dangers that exist with any type of pyrotechnics. Read the labels. Check the safety regulations of the location you plan to set off your sparkler bombs. Buy a set of sparklers. Tape some sparklers using electrical tape. Plant the sparklers into the ground pointed away from you. Light the wick, and GET BACK.

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Sparkler bombs can be extremely dangerous if taken to extreme lengths. Binding enough sparklers together can result in a blast as strong as dynamite. Sparkler bombs can hurt or severely harm individuals who do not take the proper precautions set by their local authorities. If you are planning to make a Sparkler Bomb in the U.S. and use more than 50 milligrams of flash powder, you are breaking the law under the ATF regulations for consumer fireworks. Many areas prohibit the use of pyrotechnics of any kind. Do not set off your sparkler bomb indoors or any location without proper exits, ventilation, and fire safety equipment. Depending on the time of year, sparklers can be bought in many locations. Sparklers can be found in various sizes with the larger sizes lasting longer and giving off more effect. Sparkler bombs are usually made from the 10 inch sparklers. Sparklers are wires that are coated in pyrotechnic material and iron fillings. Once lit, they emit a tiny amount of sparks that move down the wire for about 20 seconds. As you increase the number of sparklers you tape together, you will create a greater effect; however, each sparkler you add increases your risk for harm and danger. Do not exceed an amount that you have already seen tested by a professional or tested yourself.  Supervise your children so that they do not exceed a safe limit. 72 sparklers are enough to make a dangerous bomb blast. Read the labels and keep well below 50 milligrams of flash powder, the explosive content in firecrackers that is illegal under the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and explosives.  Arrange them so that they are all facing the same way and tape them at the bottom where the is no longer any pyrotechnic material. Wrap the bundle in tape 2-3 times, leaving an inch or so of the coated end exposed. It should now look like a cone. Do not hold the sparklers in your hand while lit. Many people have suffered severe burns and injuries for being too close to the flame. Plant the sparklers in the ground so that you can...


Understand the defining features of personality disorders. Appreciate how a diagnosis is achieved. Understand that personality disorders are considered mental illnesses. Realize that being diagnosed with more than one personality disorder is common.

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The four core features both define and are prevalent in each of the ten personality disorders. Prior to diagnosis, a person must demonstrate noteworthy and prolonged instances of a behaviour disorder in at least two of the four of these features:  Distorted thinking patterns Difficulty with impulse control Interpersonal difficulties Questionable emotional responses A person is usually referred to a specialist in mental health or personality disorders. The person and/or a family member may fill out diagnostic forms to see whether a particular diagnosis might fit. The specialist also interviews the person and/or family members. After lots of discussion, a diagnosis is given. They are included in the DSM, which is the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association and is the manual doctors use to diagnose people with mental disorders. While a patient may present with significant symptoms of one particular disorder, it is not uncommon for a secondary or multiple disorders within the same ‘’cluster’’ to occur. Some people with personality disorders have co-occurring mental illnesses, such as anxiety or depression.


Understand the definition of abuse. Know what emotional abuse looks like. Understand what physical abuse looks like. Recognize sexual abuse. Understand the dimensions of financial abuse. Understand what digital abuse looks like.

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An abusive relationship describes a relationship where one person consistently and constantly uses tactics to psychologically, physically, financially, emotionally, and sexually control and have power over another person. A relationship marked by domestic violence is a relationship where there is an imbalance of power. This kind of abuse usually involves verbal abuse, where the abuser systematically lowers your self-esteem by calling you names, criticizes you constantly, doesn’t show any trust, acts like you a possession, threatens you, and uses your children against you or threatens to hurt them, among other behaviors. Possessive behavior is a form of emotional abuse, but it can be accompanied by other forms of abuse. The actual acts of physical violence might seem like they are self-explanatory or too obvious to mention. But for people who grew up getting hit, they might not realize that this is not a normal, healthy behavior. The following are signs of physical abuse:  “Pulling your hair, punching, slapping, kicking, biting or choking you.”  Denying you the right to meet your basic needs, such as food and sleep. Breaking your belongings or things in your home, such as throwing dishes or punching holes in the walls. Threatening you with a knife or gun, or uses a weapon on you. Physically barring you from leaving, calling 911 for help, or going to the hospital. Physically abusing you or your children. Kicking you out of your car and leaving you in strange places. Driving aggressively and dangerously while you are in the car. Making you drink alcohol or take drugs. This kind of abuse encompasses any unwanted sexual activity. It includes “sexual coercion,” which makes you feel like you are being forced to have sex. It also includes “reproductive coercion,” which means not allowing you to have a choice in pregnancy. An abuser may control the way you dress, rape you, purposely give you a sexually transmitted disease, drug you or get you drunk to have sex with you, make you pregnant or terminate your pregnancy...


Understand the difference between a demi-plié and a grand-plié. Assume first position. Bend at the knees. Lift your heels off the ground. Continue bending your knees until your thighs are nearly horizontal. Rise back to first position. Make all bending movements gracefully. Practice grand-pliés from other positions.

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Both demi- and grand-pliés refer to bending at the knees, and both can be done in all five ballet positions. The major difference between the two comes in the depth of the bend and how that has an effect on the placement of one’s heels. Once again, this example will use first position since it’s the most common training position for beginners. As with a demi-plié, a grand-plié requires you to bend at the knees; however, with a grand-plié you will not stop with your knees just slightly over your toes. Since you are bending further down at the knees in a grand-plié, your heels will naturally come off the ground. Even though the weight shifts to the forward parts of your feet entirely, your upper body should be perfectly straight, meaning your center of gravity should still feel as though you are standing with legs straight. The exceptions to this rule are when performing a grand-plié from second position. The wider stance of second position allows the dancer to descend fully while still maintaining floor contact with the heels of the feet. Once your heels come off the ground, you should have an easier time descending even lower in the grand-plié. Continue lowering as far as you can until your thighs are nearly horizontal and your knees are almost fully bent. As with a demi-plié, the upper body should be straight throughout the entire movement with the shoulders down, back straight, head up, tailbone dropped, and stomach tight. As with a demi-plié, you will return to your initial starting position—in this case first position. When rising, you once again want to use the feet and legs rather than simply the knees to straighten. Push down with your raised heels to reconnect them with the floor as soon as possible in the rising motion. As with all ballet movements, every movement should be performed fluidly and gracefully without jerking. This can take practice. Once you feel comfortable performing grand-pliés from first position, you should begin practicing them from the other starting positions as well.


Understand the difference between an online brokerage account and a full-service broker. Select the online broker Open a brokerage account. Identify your risk tolerance. Select your account type. Fund your account. Make your first trade.

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Full service brokers offer a variety of services and investment products.  But they can be expensive.  Discount and online brokers charge small commissions, but they do not offer investment advice.  Full service brokers, such as Merrill Lynch, Salomon Smith Barney, Morgan Stanley and Dean Witter, offer personal advice, retirement planning, tax tips and a wide selection of investment products; however, they charge usually charge hefty fees for personal advice.  Also, brokers earn commissions based on how much you trade, not the performance of your stock.  This can encourage them to advise you to purchase when it’s not necessarily beneficial to you. Discount online brokers, such as TD Ameritrade and E-Trade, are a good option for self-directed investors who want to do their own research and not rely on the advice of a broker.  The commissions are low and investors generally have control over their accounts. .  The quality of support varies from company to company.  Some charge fees for talking to a live person.  Study the company’s website to learn information about the support they provide. Call them with questions to evaluate how well they treat people.  Select a company that offers a level of support with which you feel comfortable.  Important questions to ask include whether they are offering any special promotions, how much the minimum balance is for brokerage accounts, what fees they charge and what types of education and research tools they offer.  Recognize that online brokers may not offer much in the way of research and education about where to invest because they are geared for investors who feel comfortable doing that research on their own.  However, choose a site that offers a level of technical support with which you feel comfortable. Go to the company’s website.  Find the “Open an Account” link.  Follow the instructions for opening an account.  You will need to provide key information, such as your name, address, e-mail address and social security information.  The websites make it easy to open...


Understand the difference between annuals and perennials. Protect your carnations from frost. Use the ‘stopping’ technique. ’Dead head’ your plant. Avoid using manure or nitrogen-rich products.

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The flowers can also be referred to as border carnations (annuals) and perpetual flowering carnations (perennials). Annuals are plants that only live for one year, while perennials live for several years. Perpetual Flowering Carnations offer the largest flower size but are less frequently scented than other varieties. This article will focus on Perpetual Flowering Carnations and how to maintain their flowering year after year. Perpetual flowering carnations need to be protected from frost in order to remain alive and in flower. Most gardeners use a greenhouse or polytunnel, which is also called a hoop greenhouse. To learn how to build a hoop greenhouse, click  here. It’s important that the temperature does not fall below 45 °F (7 °C), so an unheated space may not work if you live in a cold climate. In milder climates you may get by with a polytunnel strung with lights, which may offer enough heat to keep plants alive. You can also bring Carnations inside as house plants. Many gardeners like to use a practice called ‘stopping’ to encourage bushy plant growth. To do this, remove the growing tip from the young plant and the bud at the tip of each side shoot. This encourages side blooms to bloom as well, rather than one just tall flowerhead.  The height you snap the plant stem off at is the height at which it should start to bush from, meaning you can influence the height of your plant. Stopping will delay the flowering but you will get more flowers from your plant. You can assume good-quality nursery plants have been stopped already but if you grow from seed, do this when the plant stem has about a half dozen leaf pairs or is about 6 inches (15.2 cm) in height. It’s a good idea to pinch off dead flower heads as the blooms wither. This will prevent the plant from forming seed heads, which discourage new flower production. Seed heads take a lot of your plant’s energy to form, which means it will have less energy to produce blooms. Carnations won’t bloom as well if there is a high nitrogen presence in the soil so...


Understand the difference between honing and sharpening your knives. Hold the honing rod down, perpendicular to the counter. Replace your honing rod when it becomes visibly dull.

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The long steel rod that most people consider a "sharpening rod" is actually used for honing the blade, which centers the edge for even cutting. Because it makes the blade cut more efficiently, it seems sharper. But real sharpening uses specialty stones to actually fix the edge and doesn't need to be done regularly.   Honing needs to be done regularly. Some chefs hone every single time they use their knives. You should hone the blade immediately after any sharpening.  Sharpening can be done at home or professionally, and only needs to be done once or twice a year. Hold the rod from the top of the handle, with the end on the ground. You can put a dishtowel underneath it to help keep it in place. You'll notice the grooves on the rod becoming smooth, and it won't actually help you much anymore. Luckily, these things are cheap.


Understand the difference between “beat,” “rhythm,” and “tempo. Group beats into measures. Look for the stressed beat.

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” These terms are also closely related.   “Beat” refers to an individual pulse of music. A beat can be either a sounded note or a period of silence called a rest. A beat can also be divided among multiple notes, or multiple beats can be assigned to a single note or rest. “Rhythm” refers to a series of beats or pulses. The rhythm is determined by how the notes and rests are arranged within a song. “Tempo” refers to how fast or slowly a song is played. The faster the tempo, the more beats are played per minute. “The Blue Danube Waltz” has a slow tempo, while “The Stars and Stripes Forever” has a fast tempo. Measures are groups of beats. Each measure has the same number of beats. The number of beats each measure has is indicated in written music with a time signature, which looks like a fraction without a line separating the numerator and denominator.   The top number indicates the number of beats per measure. This number is usually a 2, 3, or 4, but may be as high as 6 or higher. The bottom number indicates what kind of note gets a full beat. When the bottom number is a 4, a quarter note (looks like a filled oval with a line attached to it) gets a full beat. When the bottom number is a 2, a half note (looks like an open oval with a line attached to it) gets a full beat. When the bottom number is an 8, an eighth note (looks like a quarter note with a flag attached to it) gets a full beat. Rhythms are determined according to which beats in the measure are accented (stressed) and which beats are not (unstressed).   In most pieces of music, the first beat, or downbeat, is stressed. The remaining beats, or upbeats, are not stressed, although in a measure of four beats, the third beat may be stressed, but to a lesser degree than the downbeat. Stressed beats are also sometimes called strong beats, while unstressed beats are sometimes called weak beats. Some pieces of music stress beats other than the downbeat. This type of stressing is known as syncopation, and beats so stressed are called back beats .


Understand the differences in Scottish dialects. Set your oral posture. Pronounce like words the same, join syllables in words, and drop "g" endings. Replace "o’s" with "ae" sounds.

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Just like American, Canadian, and English accents, Scottish accents vary widely based on region. If you are wanting to speak with a Scottish accent, chances are you are thinking of the kind of Scottish accent you hear in movies and on television. These accents are typically from the Lowlands and Midlands.  A "generic" Scottish accent is hard to define because there are so many types. But, you can learn to speak with a general accent that non-Scottish people would be able to identify as Scottish. Most of the Scottish accents that you may hear come from the Lowland and Midland areas. These are the regions where the more populated cities such as Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Galloway reside.  However, even the accents of these more populous regions will differ. Galloway, which is south-west, sounds slightly closer to Irish as it’s close to Northern Ireland. Additionally, there is a difference in the accents from Glasgow and Edinburgh, not unlike how a New York and Boston accent differ from one another. Oral posture, or vocal tract posture, is the way you position your jaw, lips, tongue, teeth, and even vocal chords to speak a certain way. There are some basic techniques you can employ with the positioning of your articulators (lips, teeth, tongue, hard and soft palate, etc.) to speak with a Scottish Accent.  Set the tip of your tongue far back in your mouth. When you speak, pull your tongue back toward your throat. Doing this will help you get the harsher, guttural sounds associated with Scottish accents. When speaking, you still want to keep a lot of movement or action in your lips and jaw. Keep your lips out and open your mouth as if to get your lips around each sound and word. Because you are pulling your tongue back, you may be tempted to close or tighten your lips. To counteract this, focus on keeping your jaw loose and unclenched. Unlike in American English where "pull" has a slightly different pronunciation than "pool", in a Scottish accent, both words sound like "pool".  When trying a Scottish accent, think of...


Understand the different phases of a turn. Beginning phase. First main phase. Combat phase. Second main phase. Ending phase, or cleanup.

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Each player's turn has five phases, or steps. Understanding what these five phases are and how they work is an essential part of understanding gameplay. In order, the five phases are: The beginning phase has three different steps:  Untap step: the player untaps all his cards unless that card stays tapped during Untap. Upkeep step: not usually used, but sometimes a player has to pay mana — i.e. tap lands — during this step. Draw step: the player draws one card.     During this phase, a player may put down one land from his or her hand. Also during this phase, a player may choose to play a card from his or her hand by tapping lands to produce mana. This phase is split into five steps.  Declare attack: this is where the player first declares attack. The defender may play spells after the attack has been declared. Declare attackers: after attack has been declared, the attacking player chooses which creatures he wishes to attack with. Attacking player cannot choose which defending creatures he wishes to attack. Declare blockers: the defending player chooses which, if any, attacking creatures s/he wishes to block. Multiple blockers can be assigned to a single attacker. Assign damage: creatures deal damage to one another during this step. Attacking creatures with equal (or higher) power compared the blocking creature's defense destroy that blocking creature. Blocking creatures with equal (or higher) power compared the attacking creature's defense destroy that attacking creature. It is possible for both creatures to destroy each other. End of combat: nothing much happens during this phase; both players are given the opportunity to cast instants. After combat, there is a second main phase, identical to the first, in which the player can cast spells and summon creatures. During this phase, any abilities or spells that "trigger" take place. This is a player's last chance to cast instants.  During this phase, the player whose turn is about to end discards down to 7 cards if s/he has more than 7 cards.


Understand the different types of administrator accounts. Press the . Right-click on "Command Prompt" and select "Run as administrator". Type . Type . Type the password you want to use. Retype the password to confirm it. Type .

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Windows creates a disabled Administrator account automatically in all versions of Windows after XP. This account is disabled for security reasons, as the first personal account you create is an administrator by default. The following method will detail enabling the disabled Administrator account and then setting a password for it. If you want to change your personal administrator account's password, open the Control Panel and select the "User Accounts" option. Select your personal administrator account and then click "Create a password" or "Change your password". ⊞ Win key and type "cmd". You should see "Command Prompt" appear in the list of search results.  net user administrator /active:yes and press ↵ Enter. This will enable the Administrator account on the computer. The most common reason for activating the Administrator account is to perform automation work without having to deal with the User Access Control message appearing every time a system setting is changed. net user administrator * and press ↵ Enter. This will allow you to change the Administrator password. Characters will not appear as you type. Press ↵ Enter after typing the password. If the passwords do not match, you'll have to try again. net user administrator /active:no and press ↵ Enter. This will disable the Administrator account. It is not recommended to keep the Administrator account active when you're not using it. Once you've set your password and performed any actions you need to as the Administrator, disable it through the Command Prompt.


Understand the different varieties of lithography. Magnify the image. Look for the absence of plate marks. Look for the flatness of the ink. Look for the illusion of shade, created by multiple layers. Look for blurriness.

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Lithography is a big term often used to refer to many different styles of printing, contemporary and classical. But, in pre-photographic terms, planographic lithography is that which is printed from a flat surface. In planographic printing, plates are prepared by laying down an image in a greasy or oily substance, typically called tusche, that will hold ink. The blank areas of the plate will then be washed off with water, removing the ink from those areas. Types of planographic lithography include:  Chalk-manner prints, which are made by using wax crayon to draw the image onto limestone. Chromolithography, which are identifiable based on the stippling of multiple colors on the plate. Tinted lithography is made via two plates, one of which uses broad individual background strokes of tinting to give the image background color. Transfer lithography isn't transferred directly from stone to paper, but from transfer paper to the stone itself, meaning that the image needn't be drawn in reverse originally. Unlike some of the other varieties of pre-photographic print identification, planographic lithography needs to be examined using at least 10x magnification to notice the signifiers necessary for proper identification. Since the absence of intaglio and relief printing marks doesn't necessarily mean you're dealing with a lithograph, it's important to look closely at the images and not take absence for proof. If you find plate marks, you're always dealing with a relief or, more likely, an intaglio print. Because the image is taken directly from a flat stone, there will never be plate marks of the sort you'd find on those prints, on a lithograph. Upon close examination, you should notice that there is no difference in the depth of the ink and the blank paper. Everything should be on the same level, with no imprinting of whiteness or darkness. Noticing this will require serious magnification, but it's a good indication that you're dealing with some variety of planographic printing, since the ink has come from a flat...


Understand the difficulty of navigating a wheelchair in public when accompanying a person who uses a wheelchair. Be considerate when using public spaces. Offer, but don't assume a person using a wheelchair wants help.

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Locate accessibility ramps. They are usually located to the sides of doors or near restrooms, stairs, and elevators. When embarking down a path with multiple obstacles, ask, "What's the easiest way for you to do this?" Listen to and follow their instructions carefully. If you are hosting an event, make sure it is accessible. Check the venue for barriers to the building's entrance. Make sure aisles and corridors are wide enough to maneuver a wheelchair. Bathrooms should be large enough to turn the chair around, and a handrail is needed. If the event is outdoors, then the ground or surfacing should allow a wheelchair to move easily over it. Gravel, sand, soft or very uneven surfaces can present a challenge. Certain public areas are designated for wheelchair use. Specific stalls in restrooms, parking spaces, and school desks are designated wheelchair accessible. Do not use these spaces unless you are accompanying a person who uses a wheelchair. You have the option to use all of the other stalls, parking spots, and desks, but people who use wheelchairs are often limited only to those designated wheelchair accessible.  When shopping, be aware of scooter/wheelchair users and try to keep to one side or the other of an aisle. Share the aisle; walk as you would drive. When parking, avoid parking beside a van with a handicap license plate that appears to be away from other vehicles. The handicap van occupant may need the empty space next to the van to deploy a ramp when wheelchair user returns to the vehicle. Not all designated handicap parking spaces have sufficient space beside them to accommodate the ramp, so sometimes it is necessary for ramp-equipped vans to park far away from other cars to obtain the necessary space. If you see a situation where a wheelchair user could use your help, ask first. Don't be offended if a person declines; they are probably just very independent.   For example, if you see a person in a wheelchair approaching an entrance, you can ask, "Would you like me to get the door for you?" If you...


Understand the distinction between nominal and real GDP. Add together that period's consumer spending or consumption. Sum all investments. Add together all government spending. Determine the net exports. Calculate the GDP for the prior period.

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Nominal GDP is the GDP of the country measured at current market prices. Real GDP, on the other hand, is adjusted for inflation or deflation. Many economist use real GDP instead of nominal GDP when determining the growth rate of an economy.  Nominal GDP represents the output of the country at current prices, and therefore is useless when comparing output for different periods. For example, knowing that a country's annual nominal GDP was $1 billion in 1940 but $200 billion now does not tell you much about the actual relative output between those two periods. You would have to convert the figures to real GDP to see how they compare. Nominal GDP can be calculated by adding together the country's expenditures over the time period. Four categories of spending are added together, the first being consumption. This is the sum that consumers spend on durable goods, non-durable goods, and services. This would include personal items such as food, clothing, rent, and services like health care.  Consumption is the largest and most stable part of nominal GDP. However, imported goods are not included, as they are part of the final category, net exports. The second part of nominal GDP is investment. This represents all of the money spent on capital equipment, increases in inventory, and structures. Items that would fall into this category include the purchase of business machinery, new homes, and the construction of new factories. Stocks and bonds are not included here since they do not add to any actual output. This is the accumulation of spending by all levels of government on goods and services. Examples include military purchases, teacher pensions and government salaries. Deducted from this amount are government transfer payments such as welfare or unemployment payments. The sum of all imports is calculated and then subtracted from the sum of all exports. The difference between the amount of foreign goods consumed domestically and the amount of domestic goods consumed in foreign countries makes up the net exports. When...


Understand the effect of rinsing on starch. Rinse off contaminants. Save the nutrients on enriched rice. Consider arsenic risk for young children.

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One major effect of rinsing is the removal of starch that clings to the outside of the rice grains. If left unrinsed, the starch can cause rice grains to stick together, creating clumps or a glutinous texture. When you're making steamed rice, rinse it first to remove the starch and make clump-free, fluffy rice. If you're making a creamy dish like risotto, or a sticky dish like rice pudding, however, you need the starch to achieve the right texture. Thorough rinsing will remove that starch and leave you with a watery dish.  Short-grain rice is the most likely to stick together, while long-grain rice like basmati tends to cook into dry, separated grains.  If you want to make risotto but the rice is dirty, rinse it, then add a couple spoonfuls of homemade rice flour to the recipe. This will return the starch to the dish. In the United States, most domestically grown rice has been washed before sale, and contains few contaminants. Rice grown in many other countries, however, may contain dirt, insects, pesticides, or small rocks. If you notice a powder on the surface of the grain, this may be talc or another substance added to improve appearance. This is edible, but your rice will cook better and taste better if you rinse it off. Contaminants may be more likely in bulk bags of rice. Enriched white rice has been thoroughly washed, then coated with a dust of vitamins and nutrients. Rinsing will remove a large portion of these beneficial ingredients.  This rice is typically low in dirt and other contaminants, but it does still contain surface starch. In the United States, some enriched rice labels include a warning not to rinse the rice for this reason. If U.S. enriched rice does not have this label, you can rinse it for one minute without major loss of nutrients. More than other crops, rice tends to pick up arsenic that naturally occurs in in water and soil. If rice is a major part of an infant's or pregnant woman's diet, this could affect the child's development. The US FDA recommends feeding babies and toddlers a...


Understand the enemy. Scrape off any excess oil or grease. Blot the stain. Apply baking soda to the stain. Remove the baking soda. Clean the carpet with dry cleaning solvent if residual stains remain. Scrub with a degreaser. Steam the stained area.

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Whether you rubbed oil or grease on your interior ultimately doesn’t matter for cleanup purposes. Here’s why:  Oils are defined as any compounds that are insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents (non-polar things like gasoline), and liquid at room temperature.  Grease, on the other hand, is simply an oil that has additives to make it semi-solid (kind of like Jell-O) at room temperature. These additives are solid and do not absorb into the surfaces inside your car.  This means that, once you scrape off any excess contaminants from the surface of your interior, the stain left behind is an oil stain. Cleaning oil from cloth seats requires the same process you would use to clean it from carpet. You can use a paint scraper, spoon, or knife. It doesn’t matter if you use metal or plastic, but be cautious not to puncture your seat. This will remove any residual oil or grease that is left sitting on the surface of your interior. Use a dry paper towel or shop towel to do this. This will soak up the oil. Allow the baking soda to sit for 10-15 minutes. You can vacuum it up with a shopvac or sweep it up. If there is a large amount of oil, you might put more baking soda on the stain and repeat this cycle several times. If there is any stain left, you can repeat the process as long as you continue to see improvement. Instructions for sponging and blotting with a particular dry cleaner will be included on the manufacturer's bottle. Once you can no longer tell that this method is making a difference, you should move on to another method. A detergent such as Dawn is often enough to break up oil stains, especially fresh ones.  You can also buy other over the counter grease/oil removers such as Goo Gone. This is the most common and straightforward way to remove a grease or oil stain. If a degreaser didn’t knock out the stain, you may need to use steam to coax it out. The steam will heat the fibers of your carpet and open up any pores in the fiber. This allows the carpet to “release” any trapped oil and gives you the...


Understand the equation. Input your information into the equation. Simplify your equation by adding 1 to the "r. Solve the exponents. Simplify again. Divide the numerator by the denominator. Multiply "P" by this result.

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In order to calculate the monthly payment, we can rely on a relatively simple equation. The monthly payment equation can be represented as follows: M=Pr(1+r)n(1+r)n−1{\displaystyle M=P{\frac {r(1+r)^{n}}{(1+r)^{n}-1}}}. These variables represent the following inputs:  M is your monthly payment. P is your principal. r is your monthly interest rate, calculated by dividing your annual interest rate by 12. n is your number of payments (the number of months you will be paying the loan) You will need to input your principal, monthly interest rate, and number of payments in order to find your monthly payment. This information can be easily found in your loan agreement or from a quoted loan estimate. Check the information again to be sure of its accuracy before using it in calculations.  For example, imagine you have a $100,000 mortgage loan with 6 percent annual interest over 15 years. Your input for "P" would be $100,000. For "r," you would use your monthly interest rate, which would be 0.06 (6 percent) divided by 12, or 0.005 (0.5 percent). For "n" you would use your total number of payments, one for each month in fifteen years, which would be 12*15, or 180. In this example, your complete equation would look like this:M=$100,0000.005(1+0.005)180(1+0.005)180−1{\displaystyle M=\$100,000{\frac {0.005(1+0.005)^{180}}{(1+0.005)^{180}-1}}} " Simplify your terms by doing the first step in the order of operations, which is adding the 1 and "r" inside the parentheses on the top and bottom of the equation. This is a simple step that will make your equation look much less complicated. After this step, your sample equation would look like this:M=$100,0000.005(1.005)180(1.005)180−1{\displaystyle M=\$100,000{\frac {0.005(1.005)^{180}}{(1.005)^{180}-1}}} The results inside the parentheses, (1+ r), from the previous step must now be raised to the power of "n." Again, this "n" represents the total number of payments. This step requires a calculator with an exponent function, which is usually represented like this: xy{\displaystyle...


Understand the essay assignment. Evaluate the purpose of the assignment. Select a topic from a provided list. Ask if you can write about an alternate topic. Brainstorm a list of ideas. Freewrite for a predetermined amount of time. Create a visual representation of your ideas. Remember what the teacher focused on in class. Think about what interests you. Consider the list you have generated. Limit the scope of your topic appropriately.

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Understanding the assigned essay is the first step to coming up with a topic.  Knowing the type of essay that is expected, the length of the essay, and to what degree research is expected will all determine the scope of the topic you will choose. The purpose of the assignment will also determine the type of topic. A persuasive essay, for example, will have a much different type of topic than a personal experience essay. Look for key action words like compare, analyze, describe, synthesize, and contrast.  These words will help you determine what your teacher wants you to do in the essay. If your instructor has provided a list of topics for you, choose a topic from the given list.  It is likely that the topics have been gathered together because they are an appropriate scope and breadth and the instructor has found that the topics have led to successful essays in the past.  Try to write a thesis, or central argument, for each of the topics. Choose the topic for which the thesis comes most naturally and for which you feel you can develop the paper easily. If you really feel limited by the list of topics your instructor provided, ask her if you can write about another topic. It’s best to have a specific topic in mind when you go to her to ask about an alternative. Write down a list of ideas that come to mind.  They don’t have to be good ideas, but it’s good to just start writing a list to get your ideas flowing.  Just write down everything you can think of; you can evaluate the ideas later. Decide ahead of time how long you want to freewrite, then just write without stopping.  Most people write for 10-20 minutes. Do not stop writing, even if you need to just write “blah blah blah” in the middle of a sentence. Hopefully, you will write yourself towards a useful thought or idea through freewriting.  Even if it does not give you content you can use in your essay, it can be a valuable writing warm-up. Especially if you are a visual learner, creating a visual representation of your ideas may help you stumble onto or...


Understand the essential parts of a movie idea. Make your movie idea out of these three simple elements. Set aside time to brainstorm. Find inspiration in real life. Decide on a genre. Tweak existing movies into something original. Come up with your log line to cement the idea.

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Most people get stuck because they want to come up with the entire movie at once, instead of starting with the necessities and building from there. Many movies are made up of simply mixing and matching three things --setting, character, and conflict -- until you get a new movie. Sometimes, if one of them is unique enough, this is all you need to start writing (Cabin in the Woods starts on a government-run horror movie factory, which is a unique enough idea to kick off the plot). No matter what type of movie you want to make, you'll be well on your way if you just come up the following:   The Setting: Where does your movie take place in time and space. Do you envision a space epic or a medieval earth? Or is it simply in a small town somewhere?  The Protagonist(s): Who is the main character? You don't need traits yet, just a vague outline of a person. Are they a space pilot? Are they a stable boy? A dental hygienist?  The Conflict: What does your character want? Do they want to be a hero? Do they want to fall in love? Do they hate their job/boss? All movies, from the odd independents to the biggest blockbusters, are just a matching of these three concepts. Don't worry about the intricacies, subtlety, or finer points yet -- these come from writing the idea. You need a strong base idea to build upon.  Space Epic + Pilot + Desire to be a Hero = Star Wars.  Medieval + Stable Boy + Hero/Love = A Knight's Tale.  Small Town + Dental Hygienist + Hate Job = Horrible Bosses.  Juvenile Detention + Idealist Councilors + Kid Who Don't Want Counseling  = Short Term 12. Ideas rarely, if ever, appear out of thin air. The reason why some people seem to come up with great movie ideas is because they take time to do it. This is as simple as grabbing a pen and paper, removing distractions, and taking some time to think. If you need help, give yourself some prompts. Most importantly, write everything down -- on the subway, at home, at work. These will be the building blocks of bigger ideas.  "What if..." are the two most important...


Understand the exponential growth rate formula. Rewrite this formula for continuous growth. Plug in values for a doubled population. Rearrange to solve for t. Plug in growth rate and solve.

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If you start with an initial amount A0{\displaystyle A_{0}} that grows exponentially, the final amount Af{\displaystyle A_{f}} is described by the formula Af=A0(1+r)t{\displaystyle A_{f}=A_{0}(1+r)^{t}}. The variable r represents the growth rate per time period (as a decimal), and t is the number of time periods.  To make sense of this formula, picture a $100 investment with a 0.02 annual interest rate. Every time you calculate growth, you multiply the amount you have by 1.02. After one year, that's ($100)(1.02), after two years that's ($100)(1.02)(1.02), and so on. This simplifies to (1.02)t{\displaystyle (1.02)^{t}}, where t is the number of time periods. Note: If r and t do not use the same time unit, use the formula Af=A0(1+rn)nt{\displaystyle A_{f}=A_{0}(1+{\frac {r}{n}})^{nt}}, where n is the number of times growth is calculated per time period. For example, if r = 0.05 per month and t = 4 years, use n = 12, since there are twelve months in a year. In most real-world situations, a quantity grows "continuously" instead of increasing only at regular intervals. In this case, the formula for growth is Af=A0(e)rt{\displaystyle A_{f}=A_{0}(e)^{rt}}, using the mathematical constant e.  This formula is often used to approximate population growth, and always when calculating continuously compounded interest. In situations where growth is calculated at regular intervals, such as annually compounded interest, the formula above is more accurate. You can derive this from the formula from the one above using calculus concepts. When the population doubles, the final amount Af{\displaystyle A_{f}} will equal twice the initial amount, or 2A0{\displaystyle 2A_{0}}. Plug this into the formula and remove all A terms using algebra:  2A0=A0(e)rt{\displaystyle 2A_{0}=A_{0}(e)^{rt}} Divide both sides by A0{\displaystyle A_{0}}  2=ert{\displaystyle 2=e^{rt}} If you haven't learned about logarithms yet, you may not know how to get the t out of the exponent. The term logm(n){\displaystyle log_{m}(n)} means "the exponent m is...