Determine a theme and purpose for your collage. Determine which object you’d like to decorate with a collage. Choose your pictures. Print out high quality digital photos on good paper. Gather your supplies. Map out your collage. Get your pictures ready for assembly. Attach the pictures to the object. Seal the pictures.

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Photos from your last camping trip can showcase your adventures, or photos from your child’s first year can be a decoration for a first birthday party. You might also choose an inspirational theme, including pictures of strong women, for example. Some options are jewelry boxes, storage boxes, table tops, pen holders and so on. Take into account how many pictures you have to work with; making a large collage will require lots of pictures., These can come from just about any printed material, from magazines, newspapers, old books, or postcards. Even fabric can be used in collages. If you are doing a photo collage, you should select the best photos that represent the event or convey the theme you’re going for. Depending on how large your collage is, you may need to choose 10-20 pictures, or you may need 50 pictures or more.  Consider how large you want your pictures to be in your final collage. The pictures do not need to be the same size, nor do they need to be the same shape. In fact, a range of sizes and shapes will give more dimension to your collage and make it more interesting to the eye. Think about if you want a certain picture to dominate the collage and have subordinate pictures surrounding it, for example. You don’t need to always choose pictures of people. Adding in pictures of details (a bridge or road, a plate of cookies, a deck of cards from a poker game) can add dimension to your collage. These add to the overall sense you’re trying to convey in your collage. Because you are creating a collage of many pictures, you can afford to include some background or detail pictures. Your collage will look better if you have high quality images with sharp resolution (at least 300 dpi; 600 dpi for larger photos). Have on hand the following supplies to keep you focused on the artistry of your collage: scissors, X-acto knife, glue or other adhesive, paintbrush, pencil, plain paper, and your pictures. Start deciding how you want to place your pictures. What parts of the pictures do you want to include or leave...


Determine an acceptable amount of time for video games. Familiarize yourself with the warning signs of video game addiction. Contact a healthcare professional if you notice any problems.

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Everyone has a different opinion for what is acceptable for video games. Decide on an acceptable time for each day or for the week. Some parents limit video games to one hour per day, while others completely ban video games during the school week and only allow for a few hours on the weekends. Many healthcare professionals and development specialists recommend that children should not spend more than two hours each day in front of a television or computer screen. Take this into account when determining what time limits you want to set and decide on an acceptable amount of video game playing time that works for you. Some kids develop an actual addiction to playing video games. They experience behavioral, emotional, and physical symptoms, such as becoming withdrawn from family and friends. It is important for parents to understand what the signs and symptoms are, so that they can recognize them if they develop in their child. For example, your child may be unable to stop playing, get aggressive or upset when they are not playing, or lose interest in all other activities. They may irritable or depressed when not playing video games. Children may neglect their personal hygiene, have disrupted sleep, and experience back or wrist pain. If you believe your child is addicted to video games and you’ve tried to limit their behavior with no change, you may need help from a professional. Your child’s doctor or a mental health professional can work with you and your child to help positively change their behavior and enforce limits. This may be a good option if your child reacts violently to limits on their video game access. If your child is destructive, aggressive, or threatening due to you trying to change their behavior, they may need to see a mental health professional.


Determine by the size of the second phalange on the thumb to find the Degree of Logic.

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If it is longer that the first phalange, the person will like to think things out carefully before acting. If the second phalange is shorter than the nail phalange, he or she will act first and think later.


Determine comparable rents. Make value-adding improvements. Weigh the costs and benefits of renting your house.

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Ideally, of course, you want to rent your house as quickly as possible for as much money as possible.  Comparing your home to similar ones for rent in your area is one of the best ways to establish your home's rental potential.  Search for house rentals in your area on real estate websites as well as sites such as Craigslist.  Find “comps” that appear similar in size, number of bedrooms and bathrooms, age and condition, and neighborhood location.  If you are comfortable doing so, you can pose as a potential renter and tour a similar house in person for comparison's sake. Check back every few days to see which ads have disappeared, which probably indicates a successful rental.  You can also call and ask if certain houses are still for rent.  This will give you an even better idea of the price level that moves rental properties like yours. Before trying to rent out your house, you may feel like you need to fix up every problem, major or minor.  Try, however, to focus on repairs and improvements that will bring your house in line with its “comps” and add value in higher rents.  Make any improvements that need to be made to “bring your home up to code” — that is, meet the requirements of your local building codes.  This can save you from legal trouble down the road. Otherwise, focus on short-term value additions like cleaning carpets, touching up paint, and replacing broken window blinds.  Unless your roof is leaking, for instance, more long-term improvements like a new roof are unlikely to bring back sufficient value in increased rents. Before jumping into making any improvements or putting out your advertising, make a realistic appraisal of your likely rental income.  Weigh this benefit against the potential costs — not only monetary ones, but also the possible headaches and hassles you may face as a landlord.  Once you establish the prevailing rent for homes like yours in the area, consider closely whether this amount is sufficient to be worth your time and effort. If you are new to renting out property, or...


Determine face shape. Get detailed instructions for the particular cut you plan to make. Familiarize yourself with terminology.

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A hairstyle should work with a person's face shape and complement his or her features.  Oval.  An oval face shape is considered to be the one shape that can wear any type of style. Round.  A layered top that provides fullness and height and thinned out hair below the cheekbones all work to lengthen the look of the face and give the illusion of a narrower chin line. Heart shape.  Go for a style that offers more fullness lower on the face and less fullness at the forehead. Square.  The idea here is to soften the face so wispy bangs and wavy styles help to create this effect.  It's best to avoid straight lines, straight bangs and straight or flat hair for this face shape. Oblong.  Avoid flat, long straight hair because this will make the face look even longer. Consider a bang, especially a side-swept bang to create the illusion of a shorter forehead for the person with this longer face shape. Diamond. Choose a cut with lots of layers. Avoid bangs unless you go with a slightly off-center curtain bang. You don't want to "wing it" when it comes to creating a hairstyle.  Learn as much as you can about how to do a specific type of cut before you attempt it.  Watch online videos.  Check YouTube and websites dedicated to hair for videos that depict the steps involved in creating the hairstyle you've chosen.  Be sure the person who is doing the demonstration is an experienced stylist. Page through hair style magazines.  Some magazines offer tutorials with photos that will show you how to do your cut. Check out sites belonging to hair product companies.  Companies that produce and/or sell hair products often include "how-to's" on their websites.   Instagram and Pinterest are also great for inspiration. You need to understand some of the specialized terms stylists use when talking about cutting hair so that you can follow instructions more easily.  Angle indicates the position of the scissors when cutting; you may be holding them vertically, horizontally, or at 45 degrees. Elevation refers to which direction the hair is...


Determine government system in the world. Outline the legal system, if there is one. Decide how the inhabitants are penalized in the world. Discuss the social hierarchy of the world.

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Outline the rules of the world and how the inhabitants are governed. Is there one central system or power? Does each district, area, or state have its own governing system?  Think about how the government operates in the world. Is it closer to a democracy or more like a dictatorship? For example, the district that the main character lives in could be a dictatorship that's surrounded by a high wall. Or maybe the state they live in is a democracy that's falling apart. Decide how right and wrong is determined in the world. Outline the legal system in detail. What are the laws and rules in the world? What is considered right and wrong in the world? Are the rules the same for the entire world or different in certain areas? For example, if you use the United States' legal system as a model, you could adjust it so that there's an dwarven council instead of a Congress, and an elven committee instead of a House of Representatives. Determine what happens if an inhabitant in the world breaks the rules. How do they get punished? What is the penalty for committing a crime? Decide if prisons exist in the world and how they operate. It can be based on an existing system, or you can create your own. Determine how the inhabitants are organized in the world. Are the inhabitants distinguished by class, race, and gender? Does the social hierarchy discriminate against certain groups or types of inhabitants?  For example, you may have a social hierarchy that is based on species, where aliens are at the top and humans are at the bottom. You could also have a social hierarchy based on gender, where females are considered more important than males. Or a social hierarchy where inhabitants are ranked by class, with the poor having more power than the rich.


Determine how high to hang your curtains. Take measurements on the wall. Map out where the curtain rod will hang. Mark the placement of the rod for additional windows.

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Compare the measurements of your curtains and curtain rods to the window itself. Most curtain rods can adjust size to fit a variety of windows. Measure the length of the curtains to determine how high you want to hang them. Hang the curtains with your hands to the window to see the best location. It will help to have a pal test the location of the curtains for you.  Avoid framing the window too tightly, which can make it seem smaller. To make the window seem larger, hang the curtains high above it.  Some prefer curtains to cover the window's entirety, while others prefer the curtains to cover the top half of the window. Measure 2–4 inches (5.1–10.2 cm) above your window or window molding, depending on how high you want to install your curtains. Use a straightedge to draw a horizontal pencil line at this height. Draw the line slightly higher if you want your window to appear a little taller than it actually is.  Use a step ladder and a yardstick to create an accurate line. Ask a friend to hold the curtain rod above the window, then step back and see what they look like. Make any necessary adjustments before marking the line. Extend the line about 2–4 inches (5.1–10.2 cm) past the window or window molding edges, depending on how far past the window you want your curtains to extend. If you want your curtains to make your window look a wider, draw the line a little further out than 4 inches (10 cm). Make sure your line extensions are equal on each side of the window.  The extended lines will mark, roughly, where the ends of the curtain rods will be. Take into account the finials on the ends of the rod, if you plan to use them. Check the evenness of your line with a level. If the line isn't perfectly even, erase it and redraw. It’s best to plan for to hang the curtains higher, as opposed to installing low-hanging curtains. If you are planning to mount several curtains, you should follow this same process on each window. Your room will benefit from even curtains around the room. Copy the measurements from the...


Determine how large you want your hotel to be. Place your character in flight mode. Find a building location. Prepare your space for building. Mine a one-block-deep foundation area.

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You should start at around twenty blocks by twenty blocks, since this size will allow for several spacious rooms and a hall for each floor of your hotel. To do so, double-tap the button on the right side of the screen.  You can use the up and down arrows that appear here to raise or lower your character's altitude. To exit flight mode, double-tap the footprint between the two arrows. Ideally, you'll find a flat, open, twenty-by-twenty (or larger) space, but if you want to build in the middle of a forest or right by a lake, you'll likely have to clear out some items before you begin building. This process will definitely vary based on your chosen biome; however, there are a few things you'll likely need to do for most locations:  Add or remove blocks to make sure your building area is level. You can remove blocks here by tapping and holding them briefly; unlike in Survival, blocks will require only one hit to remove them. Remove trees, brush, and/or existing structures. Fill in water areas with stone or dirt. You'll later fill in this area with your hotel's ground floor building material (e.g., cobblestone or wood). For example, using a twenty-by-twenty area means you'll mine out 400 blocks.


Determine how large your egress window needs to be. Dig an oversized window well outside where you will add the window. Measure and mark your cut on the inside wall of your basement. Drill a pilot hole in the center of the bottom cutting line. Measure and mark the cut on the outside.

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Requirements vary based on where you live, so look up local codes on the subject. It will likely need to be about 6 sq ft (0.56 m2) big, and the bottom of the window opening will need to be no more than 44 in (110 cm) off the floor.  Not all basement rooms legally need an egress window. However, basement bedrooms are not allowed without one. Check if you need any building permits to get started as well, and follow the procedures to get them. At the very least, you will probably need to get inspection and clearance from the local utility companies to start digging so that you don’t damage any buried utility lines. It needs to be at least 36 in (91 cm) wide and extend 36 in (91 cm) out from where the window will go. It will also need to be no more than 44 in (110 cm) deep.  Dig the hole about 6 in (15 cm) deeper than where the bottom of the window will be, or as close as you can get without going past 44 in (110 cm) deep. This will allow for a window ledge. If you have a deep basement that forces you to dig the window well deeper than 44 in (110 cm), then most codes will still allow you to install the window as long as you put some sort of ladder or steps in the window well to provide access. Use a measuring tape to measure the outline of the window according to the dimensions you determined. Mark each side with a grease pencil and a straight edge.  Make sure you leave about 6 in (15 cm) of header space between the top of the window and the floor joists if you are placing it perpendicular to the joists. This way the floor joist still have part of the wall to rest on. If you don’t have a grease pencil, you can use masking tape as an alternative to mark the outline of the window. Use a drill bit for concrete that is long enough to go through the wall. Make sure the drill is perfectly level when it penetrates the wall. You will use the pilot hole as a reference point on the outside to mark the window. This is why you need to drill completely level. Use the pilot hole as a reference point to measure the bottom line...


Determine how likely it is that the hazard will occur in your workplace. List control measures you can put in place for each hazard. Look for effective, low-cost solutions. Read model assessments developed by trade associations and employer organizations. Ask your workers for feedback.

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Risk is a part of everyday life and through you might be the boss or the person in charge, you are not expected to eliminate all the risks. But you need to make sure you are aware of the main risks and you know how to address and manage these risks. So, you need to do everything “reasonably practicable” to protect people from harm. This means balancing the level of risk against the measures needed to control the real risk in terms of money, time, or trouble.  Keep in mind you do not need to take action that would be considered disproportionate to the level of risk. Don’t go overboard on your risk assessment. You should only include what you could be expected to know, within reason. You are not expected to anticipate unforeseen risks. For example, a risk of a chemical spill should be taken seriously and noted as a major hazard. But smaller risks, like a stapler harming someone using it or the lid of a jar hitting someone, are not considered "reasonably practicable". Do your best to identify major and minor hazards, but do not try to account for every possible hazard in the workplace. For example, maybe you provide shelf stockers with back protectors and safety gear (also known as PPE, or Personal Protective Equipment). But ask yourself: Can I get rid of the hazard altogether? Is there a way to rearrange the storeroom so shelf stockers do not have to lift boxes from the ground? If this is not possible, ask: how can I control the risks so that harm is unlikely? Practical solutions include:  Trying a less risky option. Such as having the boxes on a raised platform or ledge to reduce the distance the shelf stockers will have to lift from. Preventing access to the hazards, or organizing the workplace to reduce exposure to the hazard. Such as rearranging the storeroom so the boxes are placed at a level that do not require lifting by the shelf stockers. Issuing protective equipment or protective practices to your workers. Such as back guards, PPE, and information on how to complete an action safely. For example, you...


Determine how long it’s been since the coolant has been flushed. Look for signs of a bad head gasket. Determine if your thermostat is functioning properly. Use an OBDII scanner to assess engine error codes. Look for coolant leaks. Use a pressure tester to locate hard to find leaks.

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If there is no sign of a coolant leak and your vehicle is failing to properly manage temperature, it may be a result of your coolant going bad.  Most auto makers recommend flushing your coolant every thirty to sixty thousand miles, so if it’s been longer than that for your vehicle, it may be the culprit.  Drain and flush your coolant by opening the petcock on the bottom of the radiator and draining it into a container, then filling the coolant system with water and running the engine for a few minutes again.  Repeat this process a few times to clean all of the old coolant out, then refill it with a 50/50 mixture of water and coolant.  Most coolant comes pre-mixed, but you can purchase only coolant and mix it with water yourself. Coolant can be purchased at auto parts, gas stations and large retail stores everywhere. If you notice coolant leaking from the engine beneath the exhaust manifold and white smoke coming from your exhaust, your vehicle’s head gasket is probably blown.  A blown head gasket will result in coolant leaks, engine overheating, a severe loss of power and the previously mentioned exhaust coloring.  A blown head gasket requires taking the cylinder head off of the engine to repair, so it may be best left to professionals. If you believe the head gasket in your vehicle has blown, stop driving it immediately. Your vehicle’s thermostat determines the functioning temperature of your engine.  If the thermostat fails in the open position, the coolant will flow continuously through the radiator and the engine will run cold.  If it breaks closed, the coolant will not be able to reach the radiator, resulting in overheating.  Look for signs of leaking or oxidization around your thermostat to determine if it is causing the issue.  If the thermostat is rusted, it will probably not be able to function properly. A leak coming from the area around the thermostat would cause it to fail to function. If the check engine light has come on in your car, plugging an OBDII scanner can help you identify exactly what’s...


Determine how many posts you will need for the pen. Gather your materials. Dig the holes for the gate posts first. Dig holes for the other posts. Soak the pressure treated boards in water until they are soft and pliable. Install the gate. Maintain the wooden pen.

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The number of posts you need for a given round pen diameter is pi (3.14) times the diameter divided by the distance you want between the posts. Multiplying by 3, instead of 3.14, will give you a rough amount, unless you are making a very large pen. For example, if your pen is 40 feet by 3 feet or a circumference of 120 feet, and you want 9 feet between each post, divide 120 by 9 to get 13.3. So, you would need 13 posts (with maybe one extra post just in case) for the pen. Now that you have an idea of how many posts you will need for your pen, go to your local hardware store and pick up:  7” diameter treated wooden posts (you may need to go to a lumberyard) Pressure treated wooden boards (approximately 150 3/4-inch by 6-inch by 16-foot) Concrete mix (one bag for each post) A 660’ spool of electric braid A gasoline driven post hole digger (you can also rent this or dig the holes manually) Nails A hammer Use the post hole digger to make holes for the gate, based on how wide you want your gate to be. Starting with the gate posts will allow you then work around them as a marker.  The holes should be about 2-3 feet deep. Place the gate posts in the holes, perpendicular to the ground. Then, fill the holes with cement. If you have rocky soil, it may be best to have longer intervals between the posts so you have less holes to dig. Place the posts in the holes and fill the holes with cement. Make a solid wall by attaching them to the insides of the posts. Stagger the boards on the posts to distribute the pressure evenly. Cut the remaining boards to the height of your fence and nail them vertically to the inside to cover the joins at the posts.  Alternatively, you can create a more open pen by using electric braid instead of wooden boards. Attach 4-5 strands of electric braid between the posts. Depending on how high the posts are, you may use more or less strands of braid. Be sure to put enough tension on the braid to prevent sagging between the posts. You may also want to also add a top railing made of wood to the pen...


Determine how many replacement springs you need. Get replacement springs in the correct size online or in stores. Replace the springs 1 at a time. Place the first hook on the spring onto the frame. Use a screwdriver or a T-hook to attach the second hook. Check that the springs are attached correctly before using the trampoline.

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Count how many springs need to be replaced on the trampoline so you order the correct amount. The condition of the trampoline, as well as the shape and size, will also determine how many springs you will need to replace. Most trampoline manufacturers sell replacement springs in sets of 5-15. If you need just 1 replacement spring, order a set of 5 so you have extras on hand. Make sure you order the correct size so it will fit your trampoline. Good quality trampoline springs will be fully galvanized to protect them from water and moisture. Some springs will have an extra coating to ensure they can stand up to weather and rain. Make sure you get the same type of spring that is already on your trampoline for the replacements, as this will ensure the springs are the same model. Do not remove and replace all the springs at once, as the trampoline mat will be too loose and unwieldy for you to deal with. Instead, replace the springs 1 at a time so the trampoline stays taut. You can also ask friends or family members to sit on the trampoline, distributing their weight evenly to keep the trampoline taut. The trampoline frame should have holes or loops for one of the hooks on the spring. Put one of the hooks in the hole or loop so it stays in place. Slide the long end of a screwdriver or the T-hook into the other hook on the spring. Then, pull it slightly and slide the end of the screwdriver or T-hook into the loop on the trampoline mat. The hook on the spring should slide into the loop as well and pop in place.  You may need to use both hands on the handle of the screwdriver or the T-hook to slide the hook into the loop. You can order a T-hook made for replacing trampoline springs online through trampoline retailers or at your local hardware store. Once you have replaced all the springs, press down lightly on the trampoline mat with your hand close to the springs to confirm they are locked in place. The hooks on all the springs should be attached to the frame and the mat.


Determine how many tulips to purchase. Choose an ideal color. Take tulips that are still closed. Trim the stems under running water. Remove most of the leaves. Straighten them out.

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The right amount will depend on the sort of display you want to create. Large arrangements require 8 to 12 tulips, but smaller arrangements may only need three to six. You can also display single tulips. It may also help to know which vase or container you plan to use before purchasing your tulips. Ideally, the tulip stems should fit snugly inside the mouth of the container without being squeezed together. Tulips come in a fairly wide range of colors, and your arrangement can include one or more of these colors.  For home decor purposes, most people prefer to choose colors that coordinate well with the colors of the room. You can use tulips to draw out an accent color already in the room or to add contrast to the colors of that room. For instance, red tulips might look nice in a bedroom with red throw pillows and neutral walls. On the other hand, bright orange tulips can add a pleasant splash of complementary contrast to a room decorated in nothing but shades of blue. Another option is to choose the color based on meaning. In the language of flowers, each tulip color carries a slightly different meaning. Red tulips are a declaration of love and mean "please believe me." Yellow tulips once signified hopeless love but now state, "there's sunshine in your smile." White tulips can symbolize forgiveness, heaven, novelty, and purity. Cream tulips say, "I will love you forever." Purple tulips symbolize wealth and royalty. Pink tulips symbolize deep affection. Orange tulips stand for energy, desire, and passion. Variegated tulips state, "you have beautiful eyes." Your tulip arrangement will last longer if you start with tulips that still have closed buds with only a hint of color showing—just enough to let you see what color you're actually purchasing. Tulips that have already begun opening can still create a nice display for a day or two, but since they're further along in their lifecycle, these tulips will not last as long in an arrangement. Use a sharp, clean knife to cut the bottom 1/2 to 1 inch (1.25 to 2.5 cm)...


Determine how much capital you need. Determine how much stock the  corporation is authorized to issue. Set forth the value of the shares that will be issued. Determine the class of the shares to be issued. Determine the number of shares to issue. Make sure you are in compliance with state and federal securities law. Draft the Stock Subscription Agreement. Complete the transaction.

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Chances are you are not issuing shares for no reason, and it is very likely you will need to the shares to fund some part of your business. For example, say you own a delivery business, and decide you need to add five new trucks to your fleet, at $20,000 per truck. You will then require $100,000 of capital. This amount will ultimately guide the entire process of issuing stock, as it will help you determine how many shares to issue and at what price per share. The Articles of Incorporation (the formal documents which are provided when you start your business) will set out the maximum number of shares that the corporation can issue to potential shareholders. This does not mean that the corporation must issue all of those shares. New corporations will likely hold back shares so that, if necessary, it can raise capital at a later date When you incorporate your business, you will be required to decide how many shares your business is authorized to issue. For example, the initially authorized amount may be 100 shares. You cannot issue any more than that without formal modifications to the Articles of Incorporation. Once you know the amount of capital you need, and the amount of shares you can issue, you can determine the value of the shares.  If your business is just starting and you plan on putting your own money into the company and issuing shares to yourself, the value you choose to assign to each share ultimately doesn't matter. For example, if you are putting $100,000 of your own money in to fund a fleet of trucks, you can technically price each share at $100,000 per share (the par value, or stated value) and only issue one share. It is wise, however, to make the shares worth much less. If you have 100 shares that you are authorized to issue, issuing only one share to yourself means that once the remaining 99 of your shares are issued potentially to other investors, you will own only a very tiny portion of your business. If you make the shares worth $2,000 per share, for example, you would be able to issue 50...


Determine how much food your pigs need to grow. Invest in an automatic feeder for hassle-free feeding. Use a trough to serve table scraps and distilling grains. Feed your pigs once or twice a day.

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A good rule of thumb is to feed your pigs roughly 7 pounds of food for every 30 pounds of body weight. Piglets, for instance, may only need about 1-2.5 lbs (0.5-1 kg) of creep feed per day, while a full-sized hog might eat anywhere from 15-50 lbs (6.8-23 kg)!  Pregnant and lactating sows typically need an extra 0.5kg of feed per day to be able to nourish their unborn litter or produce milk for their young.  It’s generally better to give your pigs too much food than not enough. As mentioned, they’ll stop eating when they’re no longer hungry. Do some research on the specific nutritional needs of the pigs you’re raising to get a better idea of exactly how much of what to feed them. Automatic feeders refill themselves continually as their contents are depleted. This can make feeding less of a chore for busy or forgetful farmers. And since pigs instinctively know when to stop eating, you won’t have to worry about overfeeding them accidentally.  Automatic feeders can be used to dispense grains, pellets, meal, or any type of dry feed.  Look for feeders with separate troughs to make sure your pigs are getting enough to eat and aren’t being forced to fight over food. Whenever you feed your pigs something that comes out of the still or stove, portion it out into individual servings in a large trough. That way, you can make sure they’re only eating a predetermined amount. Using a separate trough will also eliminate the need to dirty up or risk contaminating your main feeder. Only serve as much leftover table food as your pigs can eat at one time. Anything left behind will quickly spoil and become a health risk. It’s important to make sure your pigs’ feeder or trough stays well-stocked when they’re young and their growth is most rapid. Once they reach their full size, a single large, balanced feeding a day should be enough to keep them healthy and satisfied.  If possible, provide your pigs with a fenced-in field or pasture where they can graze between feedings. If it’s not possible for your pigs to graze, stick to...


Determine how much money you are ready to invest. Open a brokerage account. Deposit money into your brokerage account.

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The commodities market is a very risky place to invest your money, with potentially large gains balanced by equally large potential losses; ; commodities should therefore be a portion of your long-term holdings. Investing in commodities is safest as a part of a large and diversified portfolio that also includes other forms of investments.  Commodities can actually reduce overall risk as a part of a diversified portfolio because their movements often are uncorrelated with the fluctuations of other types of securities.  Before you invest in commodities, it is recommended that you first get involved in the more elementary areas of investing in the stock market. See how to Invest in the Stock Market for more information. In order to trade any securities, including commodities-based ones, you will need the help of a stockbroker to establish an account in which to hold and trade such securities. A brokerage account will allow you to deposit money that can then be invested in securities on your behalf by the brokerage firm.  Note that this is not the case if you are planning on simply investing in physical commodities. For example, you can simply buy and store gold on your own as an investment, without entering the securities market at all. However, it is not realistic for most investors to take delivery of larger or more perishable commodities like oil or wheat, this may be more difficult. Investing in securities instead will spare you costs of shipping and storage that can be incurred while trading physical commodities. As with any investment plan, first make sure you have enough saved in your emergency fund (3-6 months of expenses) for unexpected costs, such as job loss, illness, injury, etc. Also set aside in cash any amount needed for upcoming planned short-term expenses (automobile purchase, down-payment on a home, for example) in the next 1, 3 or even 5 years. Be conservative with your first commodities investment; there's no need to put large sums of money into a market unknown to you. It's best to gradually...


Determine how much money you can afford to invest in the market. Open a tax-deferred traditional IRA through your employer. Establish a Roth IRA. Open a non-retirement brokerage account, with no tax shelter benefits.

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Because stock and mutual fund purchases can drop in value, particularly in the short-term, you should never invest money you might need for short-term living expenses or in case of an emergency.  Consequently, you should adequately finance several essential non-market obligations prior to investing in the market.  Set aside an emergency fund to cover six to 12 months of your household living expenses.   Emergency funds need to be liquid and secure. They could be a bank checking or savings account, or a money market fund within a Roth IRA.  Don’t forget to fund your insurance needs: health, car, life, home owner’s or renter’s insurance, possibly long term care insurance. Pay down higher-interest debt, especially higher-interest credit cards.  Understand how much total interest you save by making extra payments on your longer-term debts and liabilities.  Paying off lower-interest student loans is particularly important because that debt cannot be discharged through bankruptcy.  Tip: While you do not have to pay off all loans and mortgages completely before investing, you should at least be making active payments on your loans, and keep them out of deferment. If your employer does not offer this benefit, try to find a well-established highly-visible brokerage and investment firm that you trust will put your interests first.  Avoid brokers who encourage you to make investments you do not understand.  Seek out and attend any retirement investment seminars offered by your human resources department. Explore any investment resources and research tools available on your financial institution’s website. Schedule a one-on-one in-person or phone meeting with a financial advisor at your financial institution to discuss your goals and options. Understand the tax shelter benefits of the retirement account, how the investments in IRA are funded with pre-tax dollars (up to $5500 per year, $6500 if you are over 50 years old) and are allowed to grow tax-free until you cash out. Understand the 10% penalties to withdraw...


Determine how much money you can spend on a trip. Figure out how long you will be gone. Choose when to go. Decide what kind of trip you want this to be.

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You don't need to be rich to travel, but knowing how much money you have available will likely shape all other aspects of your trip. If things are tight, you may decide to delay your trip until you can save more money. Where you go, how you get there, where you stay may all rely on how much you have to spend.  Remember that in addition to any travel expenses, you still have to pay rent and bills at home. Make sure you have enough to cover these essentials before you spend money traveling. Be savvy and cut out small, unnecessary purchases where you can. Eating in, avoiding ATM fees and skipping the $4 lattes are all quick, easy changes you can make to save extra cash for traveling. If you can't afford to jet to a distant location but you're itching to explore, research where you can go that is within a day's drive of home. Search for national parks, weird roadside attractions, or even look at a travel guide for your area. If you don't have wheels you can rent a car or take a bus to get away for the day. If you are working, check how much vacation time you have saved up. Check your calendar for any important dates that might conflict with your travel plans--you might need to push your trip back a few days so you don't miss your grandpa's 100th birthday. Don't forget to factor in travel time--if you only have a long weekend, it might be best to stick relatively close to home. You can determine the percentage of your vacation you will spend traveling by dividing the total number of hours you spend on the road by the total number of hours you plan to spend at your destination. Find out the high, low, and shoulder season for tourists at your destination by looking at their tourist bureau online. When you travel may also impact the cost of your ticket. If you're not choosy about dates, you can plan your trip around the lowest fares.  High season is when there are the biggest crowds, the best weather, attractions selling out, and the highest prices. Low season usually means great deals, fewer tourists, the...


Determine how much time Include costs of any supplies or equipment you need to bring. Account for employee wages if you have any. Add 10% of the costs to your budget for any unforeseen issues. Give yourself a profit equal to 20% of the cost. Compare your estimate to other cleaning companies in your area.

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it will take to clean the location. Usually, the amount of time it takes to clean is calculated by the size of the area and the amount of work you need to do. If you’re only doing a light cleaning, such as emptying trash and vacuuming, then it won’t take as much time as a deep clean. Your time may also depend on how many employees you have working and how efficient they are. Many estimate calculators are available online where you can plug in the information to determine how much time you’ll need to spend. Look at your notes and pictures of the area you’re cleaning and determine if you need any special cleaners. Make an itemized list of all the cleaners you’ll go through while cleaning and how often you’ll need to replenish them. Determine how fast you go through the products and charge the client accordingly.  For example, polishing tile floors requires more time and supplies than just vacuuming a carpet. Even if your client provides some of your supplies, you may need special cleaners or equipment that they aren’t aware of. If you’re working a larger job that requires more manpower, make sure to include their hourly rate into your costs. After you’ve found out how much time it should take for you to clean the area, multiply that number by the employees that will be working at the job. If you’re only working a small job as an individual, you don’t need to worry about employees. Overhead costs help account for work that you may not have noticed in your first walkthrough. Allow yourself about 10% of the total cost of wages and supplies so you can have enough money to account for any problems that arise along the way. To make money during a job, find out what 20% of the total estimated cost is so you can keep it as profit. Add your profit to the cost that you’ll charge your client to get a final estimation of what you should charge for your cleaning job. Profits may vary depending on the size of the job. For example, a larger corporate space that’s around 150,000 sq ft (14,000 m2) may only give you up to 10%...


Determine how the badges are fastened to the vehicle. Use hot water to soften the adhesive. Use adhesive remover to soften the glue. Use a hair dryer to heat the adhesive.

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Many automotive badges are held on with a simple adhesive, but some utilize clips or rivets that pass through the body of the vehicle and can leave holes behind.  The way the badges are fastened will determine how you go about removing them.  If your badges include clips that fasten to the body, removing your badges will require body work that includes filling the holes and repainting that component of the body of the car (at minimum).  This should be done at a professional body shop.  While you can determine if there are clips or rivets used as you remove the adhesive, you have to remove much of the badge first to see if it is.  You can often find out how your badges are attached to your vehicle by conducting an internet search.  Try searching something like, “how to remove badges on a 2004 Mustang GT.” Your vehicle’s repair manual should indicate how the badges are fastened in order to replace them if they are damaged. Removing the trim on the interior of the body component will allow you to see if there are clips passing through the body of the vehicle. Removing adhesive is much easier when it has been warmed up.  One easy way to do so is to fill a thermos with hot water to pour over the badges.  Make sure the water is hot enough to be steaming, but not boiling, as that can damage the paint on the car and burn you. Pour the hot water onto the body of the car, just above the badge.  This will allow the water to contact some adhesive as well as to warm the rest of the adhesive through the badge.    If you don’t have a thermos, you can use any type of water container as long as you get it to the badge before it cools. Boiling water may damage the paint and could burn you.  Use hot water, but not boiling. Softer adhesive will let go under pressure and can more easily be separated from the body. You may also choose to spray an adhesive remover all along the edges of the badge.  Adhesive remover can be purchased at most office supply or big box retail stores and can help when removing the badges as well as the...


Determine how the emblems are attached to the vehicle. Use hot water to soften the adhesive. Spray adhesive remover onto the glue. Use a hair dryer to warm up the glue.

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Emblems or badges can be attached to your vehicle in a few ways.  Most emblems are held in place by using a strong adhesive, but some are secured from the inside via a hole in the body of the vehicle.  If there is a hole, you will need to have the hole filled by a professional mechanic, then have the entire area of the vehicle repainted.  Try referring to the service manual for your specific year, make and model vehicle to see how the emblems are replaced to see how they are fastened. You can also try using an internet search for your specific car, followed by “shave emblems” or “remove badges” to see pictures of other people removing theirs so see how they are secured. If the emblems are not secured with adhesive, you will need a professional body shop to remove them. To soften the glue securing the emblem to the vehicle, try pouring hot water directly onto the body of the car just above the emblem itself.  The water does not need to be boiling, but should be as hot as possible without risking burning yourself.  Microwave a bowl of water for a minute, then pour it onto the body of the car above the badge. Pour the water above the emblem so it runs along the body and into the glue behind the emblem. Instead of hot water, you can also try using an adhesive remover.  Spray the adhesive remover onto the body of the car just above the emblem, then spray it around the rest of the edges of the emblem to soften the adhesive on all sides.  Adhesive remover can damage the clear coat on the paint, so avoid spraying it too liberally around the vehicle. Leave the adhesive remover on as you remove the emblems to help eat away at the adhesives. You can also loosen the grip of the adhesive by warming it up using a hair dryer.  Plug the hair dryer in and set it to the hottest setting.  Point the hair dryer directly at the badge and sweep it back and forth along the length of the badge if it’s longer than the nose of the hair dryer.  Keep the hair dryer on the emblem for a few minutes, or until the adhesive begins to get...


Determine how to approach your loved one. Remind them of the harm smoking causes. Encourage longevity through human connection. Offer your support. Come up with a plan of action with them.

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Since it's a sensitive topic, it’s a good idea to plan your approach first.  Decide where you want to have the conversation. Somewhere familiar and comfortable is best. Come up with a way to bring the topic up without being too abrupt. You want to cut down on shock as much as possible. Prepare for possible hurt feelings by having planned reactions. For example, if they say, “I can make my own decisions” you reply with, “that’s true and I’m not trying to tell you what to do. I’m just concerned because…” Appeal to their emotional side. This way they’ll know your motivation is in the right place and will be more likely to listen to your advice. Think about what’s important to them and use that as an entry point. For example, if they care about their kids, remind them how secondhand smoke could affect them. Smoking is an unhealthy habit, not only for the person who smokes but also for the people around them. It’s important to keep these messages positive. Don’t berate, nag, or induce fear into your loved one.  Remind them how much you love them and want to keep them around for many years to come. Smoking causes serious health conditions like lung cancer. It’s also a known cause of Osteoporosis, stroke, and depression.  If your loved one values physical beauty, encourage them to preserve their beauty by avoiding smoking-induced wrinkles and yellow teeth. Remind them of their own loved ones (children, grandchildren, husband/wife, valued friends) and how important they are to the people around them. Placing pictures of young people might help serve as a motivating daily reminder. Make the quitting process as easy as possible for your loved one.  Offer to be available by phone when they need you if a craving happens. Let them know you’ll be supportive through the whole process. Recruit others to be part of the support network as well, if possible. Design a concrete plan that your loved one can follow on a daily basis that will help them avoid smoking. You can adjust the plan as needed, but this gives them something...


Determine how your interest will compound over the course of one year. Find the percentage rate per period. Find the number of periods. Input your variables into the formula. Solve the equation.

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Understand if your rate compounds annually only (meaning that interest is calculated and accumulates only once per year) vs monthly (or over a different period). If your interest rate compounds at a frequency other than annually, use annualizing a non-compounding interest rate to calculate your annualized rate. Otherwise, use the method for annualizing non-compounding interest rates. This is the amount of interest charged or paid each period. For example a monthly interest rate of 1 percent would be a 1 percent period interest rate. If you assume that the interest rate will remain the same for the rest of the year, you can annualize this percentage.  Note that in order to calculate the annualized percentage, this number will have to be converted to decimal form. You can do this by dividing the stated period interest rate by 100. For example, a 1 percent period rate would be expressed as 0.01 (1/100). This represents the number of times the periodic percentage rate will be compounded during the year. For example, a periodic percentage yield quoted as once per month will be compounded 12 times during 1 year. The annualized percentage yield is calculated with the formula((1+r)n)−1{\displaystyle ((1+r)^{n})-1}. In the formula, r represents the period rate and n represents the number of periods. For example, a periodic yield of 1 percent compounded monthly would be calculated as ((1+0.01)12)−1{\displaystyle ((1+0.01)^{12})-1}. Calculate each part of the equation using the proper order of operations. Start by adding the figures within parentheses.  After adding these numbers (1 + 0.01), your equation should look like this:((1.01)12)−1{\displaystyle ((1.01)^{12})-1}  Solve the exponent. This is done by entering the lower number (1.01 in this case), pressing the exponent button (which is usually xy{\displaystyle x^{y}}), entering the higher number (12) and pressing enter. The equation should now be: (1.127)−1{\displaystyle (1.127)-1} The result, 1.127, has been rounded to make calculation simpler. Keeping more...


Determine if a food science or sensory analysis career is right for you. Obtain the appropriate level of education. Think about taking an after-degree program. Join a food industry organization. Review food science and sensory analysis job postings. Make yourself stand out as a food scientist or sensory analyst.

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Among other things, one thing many food scientists (or sensory analysts) do is help develop new food products, or make existing food products better.  In order to make sure the food meets consumer expectations, they spend time organizing taste tests with consumers and analyzing the results of those tests.  Food scientists also get to taste test their own food, before it is tested by consumers.  At a minimum, food scientists require a Bachelor’s of Science degree from a post-secondary school, normally in a food science-related major. Many food scientists go onto pursue graduate degrees as well, especially if they’re interested in academic research. Food scientists earn approximately $58,000 per year. If you decided to pursue a career in food science or sensory analysis, and you don’t already have the appropriate education, you will need to enroll in a Bachelors of Science program at a university.  All major universities have a science faculty where you can earn a Bachelors of Science in a general area like biology or chemistry.  But some schools have special food science departments where they teach you more specific skills pertaining to food production.  Examples of some North American options are as follows:  The University of Nebraska-Lincoln has an undergraduate degree in Food Science and Technology.  North Carolina State University has undergraduate programs in Food Science, Bioprocessing Science, Nutrition Science, and Applied Nutrition.  The Culinary Institute of America has undergraduate programs in Culinary Arts, Applied Food Studies, and Culinary Science.  The University of Florida has undergraduate programs in Dietetics, Food Science and Nutritional Sciences. The University of Alberta has undergraduate programs in Nutrition, Food Science, and Dietetics. Some universities, in addition to degree programs, also offer after-degree or certificate programs in more specific subjects associated with sensory analysis.  If you already have a Bachelors of Science, but did not major in food sciences or...


Determine if a prehung door is right for your situation. Familiarize yourself with the necessary parts. Determine if the floor is level where the door will be hung. Make sure the rough opening is plumb. Shim the trimmers. Fit the door into the opening.

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Analyze your experience level. If you aren't a skilled builder, a pre-hung door may be easier to install because they come weather tight and gap free. There are two other things to consider:  Determine if there's a door frame where you want to put the door. If there's an open area for the door, rather than a frame, it will be easier to use a pre-hung door unit. Consider the condition of an existing door frame. If it is damaged or in poor condition, you might want to remove the door frame and use a pre-hung door. This guide will likely have a few words you're not incredibly familiar with. Here's what you'll find in your prehung door kit:  Hinges Latchbolt and lockset bore (part of the doorknob) Latch jamb and head jamb  (the frame of the door that supports it) Casing (the trim) Mortise for strike plate (where the lock goes into the wall) There are a few terms that will also be used that are a part of your house. These are the header (the part of the wall framing above the door), the king stud (the stud in the wall that supports the header), and the trimmer (the stud in the wall that is next to the jamb). The pre-hung door will come with long sides on the frame. This will allow you to cut each side of the door frame according to how level the floor is. Cut the sides of the door frame if the floor isn't even. If the floor isn't level, one side of the frame will be shorter than the other to fit with the floor. This will not be noticeable after the door is in place. If it's not, install wooden shims between the rough opening and the door frame. A shim is a thin, tapered piece of wood that is used to fill in the gaps in the door frame. Using shims avoids the necessity for rebuilding the door opening to fit the pre-hung door.  Use shims on the side of the door with the hinges to remove the gaps between the trimmer stud and the door frame. The door should be square. Have another person hold the pre-hung door in place while you install wooden shims where necessary. Ensure the door frame is flush with the wall. Hammer...


Determine if a wide belt works with your waist. Consider the material. Pick several belts to wear. Find a belt that matches your personal style.

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Wide belts tend to work best with a variety of body shapes. Wide belts can add curves to people with thin waists. In thicker waists, a wide belt can define a waistline. Wide belts can also help support and hold in extra weight around the waist. The beauty of a wide belt, is that you can find or make them out of almost any material. You could choose leather for a bold, classic look. You can also find wide belts in almost any kind of fabric. Wide belts with elastic are good choices, since the elastic will move with you and be more comfortable. For a quick wide belt, wrap your favorite silk scarf around your waist. Adjust the width and tails of the scarf. Instead of choosing one wide belt, look for two or three thin belts that you can wear together. This will create the effect of a wide belt. Ribbons also make great belts. Wrap several ribbons in various shades of the same color to create a wide-belt look. Simple straight belts in monochrome colors work with several looks. They can also help to define a thicker waist. You may want to try belts with embellishments, such as studs, beads, stones, or large buckles. Bold belts with decorative prints can also make a simple outfit really stand out. You may need to try on a variety of belts to see what works with your outfit. The belt should enhance your look, not compete with it.


Determine if all parties are legally able to participate. Evaluate the contract's consideration. Determine the legal purpose of the contract. Set the terms of the agreement.

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The contract will not be valid unless everyone entering into the contract is fully able to understand what they are signing. To facilitate this understanding, everyone involved should meet the following requirements:  In almost all cases, a contract is not legally valid unless the parties involved are at least 18 years of age. Look up the laws in your state or locality if you think your case might be an exception. As an exception to the above rule, most states allow emancipated minors to enter into binding contracts. Additionally, a parent or guardian usually can enter into contracts on  behalf of their children or wards. All parties must have the mental capacity to fully understand the contract. Even an adult may not be capable of understanding what the contract requires him to do. A contract is voidable if a party was intoxicated or otherwise mentally impaired when the contract was signed.  When sober and of sound mind, a party is legally able to decide whether or not to continue with the contract. In a legal contract, something of value must be exchanged for something else of value.  This is known as "consideration," and a contract cannot exist without it. Two types of goods or services can be exchanged, though most contracts involve the exchange of a product or service for money. Oftentimes businesses that are involved in selling goods must buy these goods from a manufacturer. To guarantee quantity, quality, and date of delivery, they will often enter into a contract setting out the terms of the sale. Here the manufacturer is giving the business something of value (goods) in exchange for something else of value (money). The purpose of the contract (the exchange of consideration) should be established clearly.  In creating a legal contract, the purpose of the contract may not be illegal.  A contract for an illegal exchange is not valid. For example, if gambling is illegal in your location, you cannot have a legal contract to hire a blackjack dealer to run a blackjack table for an event. For a contract to...


Determine if an environmental trigger is causing your dog to howl. Change how your dog reacts to the trigger. Care for your dog if it is sick or hurt.

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Many dogs will howl in response to external stimuli, like sirens, other dogs, or thunder. Pay attention when your dog howls to see if the behavior follows a specific trigger. If your dog’s howling is caused by an environmental trigger, it will usually stop once the trigger goes away or ends. If the occasional brief howl does not pose a problem, you may just want to let your dog be. If the howling caused by an environmental trigger is excessive or needs to be controlled (because the noise is bothering neighbors, for instance), then you may need to change your dog's behavior using desensitization and counterconditioning techniques.  If the environmental trigger can be controlled, you can try desensitizing your dog to it. For example, if your dog howls at the sound of your dryer, try to keep it calm while the dryer is on for only a minute, and offer it a treat. Gradually increase the amount of time the dryer is on, as long as your dog is calm. Hopefully,  your dog will become desensitized to the trigger and not howl. If the environmental trigger cannot be controlled (such as a siren or thunder), you can still use counterconditioning to stop your dog’s howling. To do this, download a sound effects album featuring the scary noise. Play it at a low volume and reward the dog when it is calm in the presence of the unpleasant sound. As your dog becomes more tolerant, slowly increase the volume.Do this consistently, and your dog may come to associate the trigger with getting a reward instead of needing to howl. If you cannot determine that your dog’s howling is caused by an environmental trigger, separation anxiety, or another obvious cause, then the cause may be health-related. Have your veterinarian inspect your dog to determine if it is howling because of illness or injury.


Determine if an intervention is appropriate. Get the help of a professional. Recruit about 4 or 5 people. Plan the intervention. Develop a couple talking points. Make it clear how the narcissist is hurting themselves. Be prepared for the possibility that the intervention won’t work.

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Sometimes, especially when the narcissist is someone you love (a significant other, a parent, or a child), you may want to consider staging an intervention. This can be very difficult, as it can be very hard to convince a narcissistic person that they have a problem. The best time to stage an intervention is after something very life-changing has happened to the narcissist (like an illness, a job loss, etc.) where the things that are feeding their ego are damaged or removed. You'll need a neutral and experienced party, as things can get emotional and stormy during the intervention. They can also help you plan the intervention and give you some idea of how the intervention might go. Try to get the advice of someone such as a behavioral therapist, psychologist, or licensed clinical social worker who has experience dealing with narcissists.  A professional can discuss different therapeutic options with you. Individual psychotherapy and group therapy both have their benefits and have been shown to help narcissistic individuals see other people as individuals who are as important as they are.  Look around in your area and ask some people whose opinions you trust who they might recommend. You want to make sure that you have the right person for the task. These need to be people who are close to the narcissist in some way, or people who have been hurt by the narcissist but are willing to see them get the help they need. Make sure that these people aren't going to warn the narcissist ahead of time and aren't going to spread gossip around about what is going on. An intervention is not a spur of the moment thing. You'll need to plan out where and when and what you all are going to say and do. The professional can help you here with some of what you might expect from the intervention. These are the main points that you want to stick to during the intervention. They can be things like how the narcissist's issues are hurting the family (give specific examples) and why you're having the intervention (they've become...


Determine if gradually phasing out your friendship is appropriate, or if you need to have a frank discussion with your friend. Make yourself unavailable. Don’t share as much as you used to. Don’t make drastic moves on social media.

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If the person is a long-time or best friend, this is usually not the best tactic for ending the friendship completely. If you just want to step back a little (maybe going from besties to just friends, or friends to acquaintances), the gradual withdrawal can work. But if you want your oldest friend out of your life, you owe it to the friendship to have a conversation with her. Still, you may want to start the process by putting a little distance between you and her.   If the person is in your life 24/7 (you have every class together, hang out in the same group, and involved in the same activities), you probably want to try the gradual approach. Telling her point-blank that you don’t want to be friends when she’s this entangled in your life will probably make a huge mess.  If the friendship seems to be on its way out anyway (like if neither one of you seems to be able to find time for each other), just let it fade out on its own. It’s not necessary to tell her you no longer want to be friends. Don’t cut her off completely with no explanation. Gradually withdrawing from a friendship is different from “ghosting,” which means you ignore her attempts to reach out to you and basically pretend you don’t know her. This is hurtful, confusing, and will probably lead to some drama. Be aware that this method can still cause hurt feelings. Even if you don’t tell the person “I don’t want to be your friend anymore,” he or she will probably figure it out and feel confused and upset. When your friend wants to make plans, tell her you’re really busy. Homework, family, religious obligations—these are all reasons you can give for being unable to hang out. Be slow in responding to her texts and try not to talk on the phone as often. When you do talk, keep the conversations relatively short.  Remember, don’t be mean or abrupt with her. You’re not trying to hurt her feelings here, so just keep it light and say things like “I’m sorry, I’ve really got to run!” If you’re uncomfortable pretending to be busy when your friend calls, then...


Determine if harmful mold is present. Identify possible symptoms of exposure to mold toxins. Identify any risk factors in people exposed to molds. Treat the symptoms, and eliminate the mold.

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Mold is present everywhere, including in the air we breathe, and it is usually harmless. Only certain types of mold are potentially hazardous to your health. These types produce "mycotoxins," which have been linked to respiratory symptoms similar to hay fever.  Common species of mold that grow in the home include Cladosporium, Alternaria, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Aspergillus.  Since mold is present everywhere, just seeing mold in your home is not necessarily cause for concern. Large mold damage in a home or other building usually produces a tale-tell smell, which is musky and damp. Look for mold in areas of the building that have exposure to moisture and humidity, such as tiles in the bathroom, warm air humidifiers, or ceiling panels that might get wet from a leaky roof. Mold tends to grow best on materials that have a high cellulose (paper) content, like fiberboard, paper, and lint.  While some people say that dangerous molds tend to be black or dark green in color, it is impossible to tell if a mold is dangerous or not by just looking at it. The Center for Disease Control recommends that all indoor mold damage be treated as potentially hazardous. Don't touch mold with your bare hands, and if you feel that you are becoming ill because of exposure to mold, you may need to take steps to get rid of the mold. Only certain respiratory symptoms have been linked to indoor mold. Keep in mind that while mold may be causing your symptoms, these symptoms can also be caused by other problems with indoor air quality like dust, smoke, and animal dander, or by seasonal allergens like pollen and ragweed.  Scientific studies have linked asthma-like symptoms like cough, wheeze, and upper respiratory tract infections to indoor exposure to mold. Early exposure to mold in children can also make children more susceptible to developing asthma.  Severe reactions might include a fever and shortness of breath, but these types of reactions usually only occur when a very large amount of mold is present (such as among farm...


Determine if icing is the right remedy. Choose a bag of ice or a gel pack. Wrap the compress in a towel. Compress and elevate the injury in between icings.

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Applying an ice pack to your skin can reduce inflammation, as well as help alleviate pain and swelling associated with muscle sprains and strains. Icing your skin treats back injuries like herniated disks and fractures, injection site pain, and various conditions related to the feet. It also helps with recovering from knee joint replacement surgery.  Acute inflammation is the body’s reaction to irritation, injury or surgery. Inflammation can cause pain, swelling, and skin warmth/redness.  Skin icing treats a variety of foot problems, such as capsulitis, Haglund’s Deformity, and Sever’s disease. Use an ice bag if you want more immediate results. Ice bags have a significantly higher cooling rate than gel packs, and thus are more effective initially. Place it over the place where you have an injury. For strains or sprains, leave it there for twenty minute intervals, between four and eight times per day.  Use a thin towel. Remove the cold compress for at least 40 minutes in between icings.  If you’ve had knee replacement surgery, ice your knee for thirty minutes before and after you exercise or do a physical activity in order to bring down swelling. Apply an elastic bandage over the area when you’re not icing your injury. Keep the compress on through the night, if possible, unless it interferes with your sleep. Keep the injured area elevated as much as possible, which helps reduce swelling.


Determine if it’s bullying. Stay calm and tell the person to stop. Walk away. Talk to someone you trust. Think of ways to keep yourself safe, emotionally and physically.

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There isn’t just one type of bullying—there are verbal, social and physical forms of the aggressive behavior known as bullying. But what they all have in common is that they are unwanted and repeated (rather than one time) behaviors.  Verbal bullying includes teasing, name calling, inappropriate sexual comments or jokes, taunts and threats. Social bullying refers to attempts to hurt someone's reputation or relationships and can include spreading rumors about someone, telling others not to associate with that person or purposefully embarrassing someone in public. It's important to note that verbal and social bullying don't always happen in person. Cyberbullying is a type of bullying that happens through email, social media sites, phone messages, or in any other digital space. Cyberbullying can include threatening messages, online harassment, excessive texts or emails, embarrassing images or information posted on social media, and other verbal or social bullying tactics used in a digital space.  Physical bullying happens when someone hurts another person's body or possessions. Physical bullying includes spitting, hitting, pushing, kicking, punching, tripping and pulling as well as stealing or destroying someone's property. Keep in mind that all of these behaviors can happen and not be considered bullying. If a mean or aggressive behavior like hitting or name calling happens once, it isn't technically considered bullying. But if it happens repeatedly, or it becomes obvious that the perpetrator intends to continue with the unwanted behavior, it can be called bullying. Look at the person who is bullying you and in a calm, clear voice tell him or her to stop, that his or her actions are inappropriate, or that he or she is being disrespectful.  If you’re good at joking with others and don’t feel threatened, you could also try to laugh off the comments or jokingly say something back. A humorous response can disarm the bully by throwing him or her off guard. If the bullying is happening online it's best not to respond...


Determine if the animal is in fresh water. Determine if the animal is in a tropical climate or salt water. See where the animal is in the world.

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Due to their low tolerance for salt, alligators typically live in fresh water habitats. Alligators will sometimes live in brackish water (salt water and fresh water mixed together) as well. Alligators primarily inhabit swamps and marshes, but can also be found in rivers, lakes, and other small bodies of water. They generally prefer warmer temperatures, but can survive in freezing temperatures as well. As opposed to alligators, crocodiles have modified salivary glands on their tongues to help them tolerate salt water. Crocodiles usually live near lakes, rivers, wetlands and some saltwater regions. They live in tropical climates because they are cold-blooded and can't generate their own heat. Crocodiles are found in the tropical areas of Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas. Alligators live in the southern United States and China. The United States is the only country that both alligators and crocodiles inhabit.  American alligators are most commonly found in Florida and Louisiana, and are less commonly found in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, Mississippi, and Texas. American crocodiles are usually found in Florida.


Determine if the baby can cough. Check if the baby is breathing. Call Emergency Services

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The first thing to do when you see a baby struggling to breathe is check whether she can cough or make sounds. If she can cough firmly, then let her cough to try and dislodge the object that is obstructing her breathing. If you are worried about her breathing and she cannot dislodge the object through coughing you should call for emergency medical help. If your baby can cough forcefully or cry strongly do not attempt the following steps to dislodge it. Instead, monitor her closely until you know the blockage has been dislodged. Be ready to act if the symptoms worsen and persist. If the baby cannot cough, cry, or make any sounds or at all, you should immediately check if he is breathing. Danger signs for choking also include your baby having only a weak and ineffective cough, or only making soft high-pitched sounds when he breathes in. Look to see if the baby is turning blue, losing consciousness, or is waving his arms desperately without making any sound; quickly check his chest to see if it's moving up and down, and listen for breathing sounds.  If you can see the obstruction in the baby's mouth or throat and it is easily accessible you can remove it, but do not feel around in the baby's throat. You risk pushing the obstruction in further.  You should not try to grab and pull out the obstruction if the baby is conscious.  If the baby is unconscious, remove any visible objects from the mouth and begin CPR until the ambulance arrives. Be aware that there may be resistance to inflation initially until the stuck object is removed. . If a baby is choking you should call emergency services before you begin to administer first aid. If possible, ask someone else to make the call, as you start to clear the baby's blocked airway. If you are alone, shout for help but don't leave the baby and be sure to continue to administer first aid. If your baby has been choking, you should always call your doctor afterwards. Do this even if the obstruction has been removed and she appears to be breathing normally.


Determine if the bird is a nestling or a fledgling. Note if the baby bird’s parents and/or nest is nearby. Check if the bird is injured or appears ill. Avoid interacting with a fledgling if it is not injured and it is close to its nest.

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To best help the baby bird, you will need to first determine how young the bird is and how far along it is in its development.  A nestling has very few feathers and/or will be covered in fluffy down, their eyes will be closed, or they will just barely open. These are very young birds who should remain in the nest, as they are still highly dependent on their parents for nurturing and food. A fledgling is older than a nestling and they will usually have lots of feathers on their bodies. Fledglings are encouraged or even pushed out of the nest by their parents. They will usually spend two to five days on the ground once they are out of the nest, flapping their wings and hopping about. However, their parents will keep close watch on them from a distance and continue to feed and nurture the fledgling until they learn how to fly, eat, and protect themselves from predators. Another way to determine if the baby bird is in danger is to check if there is a nest in a nearby tree or perch close to the baby bird. You may also notice adult birds perched close to the baby bird and observing the baby bird. If you see a nest or parents nearby, and the bird is a fledgling, you may be fine to leave the baby bird alone.  If you see a nest close to a nestling, you can pick up the baby bird carefully and put it back in the nest. It is a myth that the smell of humans will cause the parents to reject the baby bird, as birds do not have a strong sense of smell. The baby bird should be nurtured and fed by the parents once you put it back in the nest.  You may need to observe the fledgling for at least an hour to determine if the parents are nearby or to spot the baby bird interacting with it’s parents. Make sure the parents visit the baby bird in the nest to confirm the baby bird is not orphaned or alone. Look for signs of injury on the bird, like a broken limb, bleeding on the bird’s body, and missing patches of feathers (if the bird is a fledgling). The bird may also be shivering or making low noises. You may also notice a dead...


Determine if the pack needs to be converted. Unstitch the texture pack. Convert the unstitched pack. Load the pack.

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Texture packs for Minecraft 1.5 or earlier are not compatible with newer versions of Minecraft. These packs will need to be converted before they can be used with the newest versions. Minecraft 1.5 texture packs are "stitched" together before they can be used, and this process will need to be undone before the pack can be converted. While you can unstitch manually, this can be very time-consuming. Instead, download a program called Unstitcher, which is designed to automate the process. Run Unstitcher and then load the texture pack. The un-stitching process will begin, and may take a few minutes to complete. Once you've finished unstitching the pack, download and run Minecraft Texture Ender. This program will convert the unstitched texture pack pack into a resource pack. Run the program and load the unstitched pack to begin the conversion process. After the pack has been converted, you can load it into Minecraft just as you would any other resource pack. See the previous section for detailed instructions.


Determine if the person is truly choking. Let the person know you're going to perform the Heimlich. Wrap your arms around the person's waist. Position your hands. Make a series of thrusts. Perform back blows. Call emergency services

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A choking victim will often have their hands around their throat. If you notice someone making this gesture, look for other choking signals. You should only perform the Heimlich on a choking person. Look for the following:  Cannot breathe or experiencing loud, difficult breathing Cannot speak Inability to cough effectively Blue or gray color to lips and fingernail beds Loss of consciousness Tell the choking person you want to help them. Let them know you know the Heimlich Maneuver and are going to perform it on them. Stand with your legs separated to best support your body. Gently wrap both arms around their waist. Lean them forward slightly. With one hand, make a fist. Which hand you use does not matter. Position your fist below the ribcage, but above the navel. Then, wrap your other hand around your fist. To make a thrust, press hard and quick into the abdomen. Pull inward and upward as you press. It should feel like you're trying to lift the person off the ground.  Make the thrusts quick and forceful. Perform five abdominal thrusts in quick succession. If the object is still not dislodged, repeat with five additional thrusts. If the object is not dislodged with the Heimlich maneuver, do back blows. Deliver five blows to the person's back with the heel of your hand. Aim for the area between the shoulder blades. Press down hard, as you need to use enough force to dislodge the object. However, keep the force confined to your hands. Do not squeeze the area surrounding the person's ribcage or abdomen. . Call emergency services if the object is not dislodged. Preferably, have someone else call emergency services after the Heimlich fails the first time and you are performing another round of back blows. When an emergency service worker arrives, they can get the object dislodged. At this point, stay away from the choking person.


Determine if the person staying on the mortgage can qualify to refinance the property. Apply for refinancing with existing lender. Receive approval of refinancing. Seek out other lenders if your existing lender will not refinance.

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Refinancing of the loan by the other person will remove your name. The refinancing party must demonstrate, to a lender, sufficient income to pay the monthly payment and  refinancing costs. The refinancing party will need to submit an application for refinancing. They will have to attach items such as pay stubs, tax returns, credit card statements, bank statements and documentation of any other loan obligations. The lender will also check the person’s credit history and score. If the refinancing is approved, your lender will notify you both. At this point, it is advisable to seek out an attorney to close the deal. The attorney can make sure the documentation is drafted properly. They will also ensure you are no longer listed on the mortgage or the property records. Make sure you receive copies of these records for your personal files. You can contact  other banks and lending institutions to try to find another lender that will approve the refinance. Note that most lenders require similar documentation such as bank statements, tax returns and pay stubs, when evaluating refinance applications.


Determine if the piece is brass or brass-plated. Clean your lacquered brass-plated piece. Clean your un-lacquered brass-plated piece. Rinse and apply a mild polish.

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It could be hard to differentiate if a brass piece is actual brass, or brass-plated. Hold a magnet near the brass piece and see if it's magnetically attracted to the brass. If the magnet does not stick, you are most likely handling brass. If the magnet does stick, it's likely that your “brass” piece is actually a brass-plated piece of iron or steel.  An alternative way to check if your piece is brass or brass-plated, is to use a sharp kitchen knife and scratch an inconspicuous part of the item. If the item is brass, the color in the scratch should be bright yellow.  If the scratch mark is another color, like silver, then it is definitely another metal, and you still need to stick with non-abrasive cleaners so you don't remove the brass plating. Clean the entire brass-plated surface with a mixture of mild soap and cold to lukewarm water. Dip a cloth into the soapy water, wring out the cloth so it's only slightly damp, and gently rub the surface of the brass piece.  Never try to polish lacquered brass. The polish tends to turn the surface of the brass piece cloudy.  Don't use cleaners containing ammonia on lacquered brass pieces, because the ammonia will break down the protective lacquer. Dip a soft cotton cloth into a mixture of mild dish detergent and lukewarm water, wring out the cloth so it is only slightly damp, and gently wipe the surface of the brass piece clean. You can use an old toothbrush to clean out the nooks and crannies in the brass piece. Rinse the brass piece with water, and dry it completely using a clean cloth.  Polishing brass-plated items can potentially remove some of the brass plating. If you plan to polish your brass-plated object, do so very gently.  It may be helpful to test the polish on an inconspicuous area of your brass-plated item before you polish the entire piece.


Determine if the request is unethical. Decide if the request is beyond your time constraints. Make sure that you can’t help.

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One reason you might want to say no to a coworker is because their request is unethical. Perhaps a coworker has fallen behind on a project and they want you to cut a few corners to get the project in on time. Whatever the reason, if it is going to break rules, it’s OK to say no. Other unethical requests include asking you to do more than your share on a project, to cover up their failure to perform a task, or to keep silent about an issue you know is wrong. Another reason you may say no to a coworker is because they want your help when you are trying to focus on another project. In this case, saying no makes sense, and it is easy to offer your help at another time when you aren’t working on this project. You may need to say no permanently if you are working on prioritizing projects and this coworker keeps asking you to work on things outside your immediate job description. Before saying no to a reasonable request by a coworker, make sure that you can’t help them. It is embarrassing to say no because you didn’t think about it and then decide that you can help them after all. Take your time looking at your schedule and weighing the pros and cons before answering your coworker.


Determine if the work is right for you. Research organizations online. Look for employment. Apply for a volunteer position.

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Working on a suicide hotline can be a high-pressure and emotional experience. You may be dealing with multiple stressful situations per shift that require immediate assessment. You may also need to be comfortable with not having any follow-up to your work. That said, there are many benefits to working on a suicide hotline, too, including:  Helping people in times of extreme crisis Developing crisis counseling and listening skills Making a difference in your community Providing individuals with community resources for continuing care in their time of need Determine what agencies are near you, and/or which particular hotline would be the best fit for your values, schedule, and experience. Some national hotlines partner with local organizations to take their calls. You may need to apply directly with the local agency for a position. There are different types of organizations and ways to connect with those in need:  National Suicide Prevention Lifeline is a national hotline that works with local crisis centers: http://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/. The Trevor Project provides crisis intervention for LGBTQ youth: http://www.thetrevorproject.org/pages/volunteer. Crisis Text Line will train you to work as a crisis counselor in exchange for a commitment to volunteer for 200 hours: https://www.crisistextline.org/volunteer. IMAlive is an online, chat-based suicide prevention agency: https://www.imalive.org/index.php. The Veterans Crisis Line allows Veterans to connect with someone via live chat, text, or phone call: https://www.veteranscrisisline.net/. Look for job opportunities through the organizations you are interested in, or look on a job board that caters to your area or skill set. Submit your application per the agency’s requirements, and go on an interview if requested.  The qualifications to work as a crisis hotline employee will vary depending on the state and organization you work for, as well as, the level of crisis intervention you are providing. Many organizations will put their new employees through...


Determine if there is anything you can do to change the situation. Use what you have learned to help you with future decisions. Look for a role model. Set goals for your future

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In some cases, you may be able to do something to reduce the impact of your regret. Consider whether there is anything that you can do to move in the direction that you would like to go.  For example, if you regret not taking a job that was offered to you a few years ago, consider whether that job is still an option for you now. Or, if you regret not finishing your degree, consider whether continuing your education is still an option. You might even be able to minimize feelings of regret by making an apology to someone. For example, if you feel regret about not spending much time with your kids when they were growing up, consider telling them how you feel and offering a sincere apology for not being there. Changing your situation or even making an apology may not always be an option. In these cases, you may need to find ways to let go of your regret and move on with your life. This can be quite difficult, but it is possible. Having regret can also be a benefit. You may be able to use what you learned from your regret to make better decisions in the future.  Try to identify some concrete lessons that you learned from the things that you regret and think about how you can apply these lessons to future situations. For example, if you made the mistake of overusing your credit cards when you were in college and ended up with a lot of debt, then you can use that knowledge and decide to be more cautious about using credit cards later on in life. You may have an idea of how you want your life to look now as a result of your decisions. You might even know someone who seems to have everything that you want and you can use this person as role model. Think about what this person does differently from you and how you can use their actions as a model. For example, if you wish that you had been more family-focused than work focused, find a role model who puts her family first and pay attention to what she does. You can use her behavior as a model for your own behavior going forward. . Another great way to move forward from...


Determine if you able to get a domestic partnership. Consider the limitations, including those by the IRS. Consider the benefits.

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The laws regarding domestic partnerships are different in various locations. Because domestic partnerships are not uniformly created, it is challenging to locate the statutes. Start with the state statutes and search for domestic partnerships. If you find nothing, look at codes for your local county/parish and city, again, searching for domestic partnerships. If you find nothing in any set of statutes, contact the clerk of courts or the county recorder’s office.  Some states do not provide for domestic partnerships at all. In some of those states, individual counties or cities may have enacted domestic partnership laws for that location. Some states forbid domestic partnerships. Some states provide for domestic partnerships that are consistent throughout the state. Some domestic partnership laws are available for use by all residents. Some are limited to only particular groups of people, such as gay people, heterosexuals over age 55, employees of particular governmental units, etc. A domestic partnership is not a marriage, and the partners do not usually qualify for the same benefits as marriage, including Social Security spousal benefits. Be sure you know the effect the domestic partnership will have on your income taxes and future retirement and estate planning. The IRS is clear that:  Domestic partners cannot file married, either jointly or separately One partner cannot file head of household claiming only the other partner as a dependent. There are also special rules in calculating income from partnership property There are a variety of benefits of having a domestic partnership over a marriage. There are also benefits to having a domestic partnership instead of just living together. Some of these include:  The ability to retain separate property to pass to your pre-existing descendents The ability to visit in hospitals if necessary The ability to inherit in some situations The ability to make decisions as the “next of kin” as necessary The ability to take advantage of employee benefits earned by your...


Determine if you are an “at will” employee. Learn the basics of federal anti-discrimination law. Read up on state and local anti-discrimination laws. Check if you have an employment contract. Identify the reason you were terminated. Understand “constructive discharge. Document a pattern of bias or retaliation.

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Most employees are “at will.” Under this arrangement, an employer may fire the employee for any reason or no reason at all. Similarly, an employee can quit at any time and for any reason. Forty nine states are “at will” states (all but Montana).  There are limits to “at will” employment. First, if you have an employment contract, then the contract supersedes the “at will” doctrine. Furthermore, statutory anti-discrimination laws also prohibit terminations motivated by bias against certain characteristics. Also, some states will limit the ability to terminate for “public policy” reasons, e.g., you can’t be fired for failing to perform an illegal act or for reporting an employer’s illegal activity. Federal statutes prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, and disability. It is illegal to fire someone for these reasons.  Federal law also prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex (whether the person is male or female). Keep in mind that “sex” encompasses pregnancy; accordingly, it is against the law to fire a woman because she is pregnant.  Age discrimination. Under federal law, it is illegal to fire someone who is over the age of 40 because of their age.  Discrimination based on sexual orientation is currently only prohibited for federal employees. However, “sexual orientation” discrimination may also fall under “sex.” For example, it is illegal to fire a gay male because he is too “effeminate” or otherwise fails to conform to sex stereotyping. It is also illegal to fire someone in retaliation for the employee’s reporting of illegal discrimination. This prohibition applies even if the EEOC later finds that no discrimination occurred. Many states provide greater protection than the federal anti-discrimination laws. For example, about half of the states prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Wrongful termination cases can be based on “breach of contract” as well. Where you have an employment contract, your employer must abide by the terms of the...


Determine if you are eligible. Be active in your parish and Catholic community. Discern a calling to religious life.

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To begin the process of becoming a cardinal in the Catholic Church, you need to meet a few basic requirements. You must be Catholic, male, and unmarried.  Along with being unmarried, you must take a lifelong vow of celibacy. As long as the other qualifications are there, you can be a widower and still become a member of the clergy. You will still need to take a vow of celibacy for the future, however. You cannot be divorced if you want to become a member of the clergy, but you might be eligible if you obtain an annulment. Catholic clergy are expected to be actively involved in the lives of those Catholics whom they serve. Being active in your parish and the broader Catholic community before you even start the process will give you a taste for what it can be like and may look better to the people in charge. It should go without saying, but becoming a cardinal—or a bishop, or a priest—requires you to have a full-time spiritual commitment. A vocation is a calling, so before you embark further in the process, you should make sure that God is calling you to religious life. As part of your discernment process, ask for guidance from your priest. Your parish priest and other leaders in your Catholic community can provide you with additional information, as well as guidance. These people can also pray for and with you, helping you in your personal discernment.