Chemotherapy is a medical procedure used to kill cancer cells using medications. These drugs are administered intravenously or orally. When chemo drugs enter your bloodstream, they spread to other organs. This is helpful when thymomas have entered neighboring tissues and organs.  Chemotherapy can be used before surgery to shrink tumors that are not removable by means of surgery.  Chemotherapy can also be done after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells that might have been left behind.  Chemotherapy may be used along with radiation for those who are too ill to receive surgical treatment.  Chemotherapy is not recommended for patients whose tumors might be easily surgically removed. The chemotherapy drugs can either be taken through the mouth or injected into the vein or muscle.  The drugs are able to enter into the bloodstream and reach the cancerous cells all over the body. This treatment is called systemic chemotherapy because it involves all systems in the body. Chemotherapy may also be given directly to a more specific area of the body where a thymoma has formed. This mode of treatment is localized. Regional chemotherapy destroys the cancerous cells that are in that particular area. There are different chemotherapy drugs that can be given during treatment. They include: carboplatin, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, etoposide, ifosfamide, octreotide, paclitaxel and pemetrexed. The combinations that are commonly used in the treatment of a thymoma include:  Cyclophosphamide, cisplatin and doxorubicin.  Paclitaxel and carboplatin.  Cisplatin and etoposide. Chemotherapy is administered in several cycles, each of which lasts for about three to five weeks. Patients rest and recover in between these cycles. An initial round of chemotherapy will usually take four to six cycles to be effective. The side effects from chemo that you experience will depend on the dose and drugs given. Many of these side effects will dissipate after chemotherapy has concluded. However, the common side effects include:  Nausea...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Understand how chemotherapy works as a thymoma treatment. Talk to your doctor about systemic chemotherapy. Talk to your doctor about regional chemotherapy. Know what medications are given during chemotherapy. Undergo four to six cycles of chemotherapy. Be aware of the side effects of chemotherapy. Ask your doctor about octreotide.


Chemotherapy patients are more susceptible to infection than others. To reduce your risk of infection, avoid sick people or anyone with cold, flu, fever or any other infection. You should also avoid crowds such as in schools, shopping malls, and public gatherings. To reduce risk of infection, it is important to wash your hands regularly and especially before eating, after using the bathroom, blowing your nose, coughing or sneezing or petting animals. You should also bathe every day.  Be sure to clean feet, groin, armpits and other moist, sweaty areas. Don’t get into hot tubs, and don’t wade, play or swim in ponds, lakes, rivers, or water parks. There may be germs in the water that could make you sick. Dry skin is more easily wounded, so keep your skin moist by applying lotion daily. Wear gloves and other protective gear when doing activities that could lead to injury. If you do get a scrape, be sure to clean it immediately. You should also cover the scrape with a bandage to prevent germs from entering your system. Avoid contact with dirt and dirty objects.  Avoid contact with cat litter boxes, bird cages, and fish or reptile tanks. Wear gloves when gardening and wash hands afterwards. Don’t keep fresh flowers or live plants in your bedroom. Undercooked or raw food can lead to infections. Steaks, roasts, and fish should be cooked to 145º F (65.5º C) and poultry to 160º F (71º C). Be sure to keep raw meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs away from ready-to-eat foods to avoid contamination. Keep cutting boards, countertops, and utensils clean. Choose pasteurized products rather than unpasteurized ones, such as dairy and honey.

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Avoid crowds and sick people. Keep clean. Protect your skin from germs and scratches. Cook your food thoroughly.


Cherries do not grow true to seed, meaning the tree won't be the same variety as its parent. You might get a tree that can't survive your climate or local diseases, or that doesn't bear tasty fruit. But you might get a new and beautiful tree, and either way you'll have fun along the way. If you want better odds, plant a young tree instead. A local nursery can recommend a grafted plant suited to your climate and soil. Ideally, find fresh cherries from a local tree or farmer's market in mid to late summer. Early-fruiting varieties are often sterile, while grocery store fruit can work but tends to have a low success rate. Get a good large handful, since not all of them will sprout. There are two common species of cherry to choose from:  Almost all fresh cherries for sale are sweet cherries. These are the best for eating, but most are only hardy in USDA hardiness zones 5–7. Sour cherries tend to be easier to grow, and can survive in zones 3-8 depending on variety. The fresh kind can be hard to track down, so ask around at your farmer's market. Lucky for you, the flesh of the fruit needs to go before planting. Enjoy the fruit and wipe off the last bits clinging to the seed with a damp paper towel. If it's still early or mid-summer, let the seeds dry on a paper towel for a couple days, then store in an airtight container in a cool spot. Retrieve them in late summer and continue to the next step. Cherries need to experience constant damp and cold for 3–5 months in order to germinate. If you get cold winter weather about this long but don't get below -20ºF / -30ºC, you can go the easy route and plant the cherries in fall. If you decide to do this, skip down to the next section. If you don't live in this climate or you prefer a method with a higher success rate, continue to the next step instead. Sweet cherries do best with a couple weeks of warm weather before the cold. Planting in late summer or the very start of fall can accomplish this. However, a "warm snap" after the cold weather has started can send some...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Know what to expect. Choose your cherries. Eat the fruit. Consider planting outdoors in early fall. Keep sweet cherries in warm, moist sphagnum moss for two weeks (optional). Transfer to cold, moist material. Keep refrigerated for about 90 days. Plant in spring.


Cherries need plenty of sun and good air circulation. They prefer fertile, sandy soil with excellent drainage and neutral or slightly acidic pH.  The young tree needs room for a taproot. If planting in a container, it should be at least 8 inch (20 cm) deep. Cherries are very hard to grow in clay soil. If you want to make a serious attempt, build a raised bed 1 foot (0.3 meters) high. Poke a hole with your finger down to the first knuckle, and drop a cherry seed into the hole. Plant the cherries 1 ft (0.3 meters) apart for now, but expect to transplant the survivors 20 ft (6m) apart eventually. You can plant the cherries closer together, but you'll need to thin them once the shoots reach 2 inches (5 cm) high. If you went with the fall planting method, cover with 1–2 inches (2.5–5 cm) of sand. This prevents a frozen crust from blocking the shoots once they come up. If you're planting the seeds in spring, just fill the hole you created up to soil level. If planted directly in the ground instead of pots, the seeds will be a major target for digging and burrowing animals. Cover the area with a wire screen or hardware cloth, bend the edges, and sink them several inches into the ground to form a barrier. Remove this barrier once the first sprouts appear. Water the seeds lightly after the last spring frost date for your area. Water only once the soil is almost dry. Young cherries cannot stand waterlogged soil, but can't stay dry for too long either. Cherries are slow to germinate. If you followed both the warm and cold stratification steps, you can expect to see some sprouts within the next few months. Even then, some seeds might take an entire year to germinate, breaking ground the following spring.

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Choose a spot with good soil. Plant less than 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) deep. Cover depending on the season. Protect seeds from rodents. Water occasionally after the last frost. Wait for germination.


Chest pain by itself should be a red flag that something may be wrong with your heart, but take it even more seriously when it occurs with dizziness. Chest pain, shortness of breath, and dizziness or lightheadedness are some of the most common symptoms of a heart attack – caused when your heart isn’t getting enough blood to your brain. If this occurs, call for help immediately. You might also experience an irregular heart rate, which may or may not cause chest pain. Get help if you’re dizzy and your heart is beating out of sync. It’s normal to feel a little off-balance or fatigued when you’re dizzy, but if you experience a quick onset of weakness – especially on only one side of your body – this could signal that you’re having a stroke. Pay attention to whether your speech is more difficult or if your face is drooping on one side. Call for help as quickly as possible if you experience any of these symptoms. Other symptoms of a stroke include your face, arms, or legs feeling numb and difficulty walking. Even if you get minor headaches regularly, pay attention if you feel dizziness and have a new headache, a severely painful headache, or a headache that differs from what you usually experience. If this occurs, have someone drive you to the emergency department or call for emergency services. Take a trip to the emergency department if you lose consciousness, or if you lose your immediate memory. Sometimes people pass out because they’re dehydrated or anxious, but it can also indicate a serious problem that warrants immediate attention. If you become so dizzy that you fall – even if you do not lose consciousness – go to the hospital if you hit your head. Head injuries can be very serious, and symptoms of damage may not occur until later. You need to be tested for a concussion and, possibly, for bleeding inside or around your skull. Meningitis can be a serious and potentially deadly cause of dizziness. It often occurs with a high fever of 102°F (39°C) and up and/or a stiff neck. Nausea, vomiting, confusion, a skin...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Call emergency services if you’re dizzy and have chest pain. Get emergency help if dizziness is accompanied by weakness or slurred speech. Notice if your dizziness occurs with a severe headache. Call for emergency help if you pass out. Seek immediate care if you hit your head. Don’t ignore a high fever or stiff neck. Go to the hospital if you are continuously vomiting.


Chest problems include infections, pneumonia, heart disease, lung disease, tumors, and fluid around the lungs (pleural effusion). These conditions need to be treated by a veterinarian. If you think your cat has chest congestion, do not try home remedies; delaying your cat’s visit to the vet may only make her condition worse. Pneumonia is a serious lung infection. Toxins from bacteria and viruses cause inflammation in the lungs and may also cause discharge to collect in the lungs. When this occurs, the oxygen exchange in your cat’s lungs slows down, forcing your cat to work harder to breathe. Intense antibiotics are generally prescribed to treat pneumonia. If your cat is very sick, she may also need supportive care, such as intravenous fluids or an oxygen tent. A diseased heart is inefficient at pumping blood around the body. Shifts in blood pressure in the lungs allow fluid to leak out of the blood vessels and into lung tissue. Just like with pneumonia, this reduces the ability of the lungs to exchange oxygen, which may cause your cat to become breathless. If heart disease is to blame for your cat’s difficulty breathing, your veterinarian will try to determine the type of heart disease and prescribe the right medications. Cats often require oxygen therapy to help stabilize them before any type of medicine or other treatments can be administered. Lung diseases include conditions such as asthma, where the airways constrict and create resistance to air moving in and out of the lungs. This condition is similar to bronchitis, another lung disease, where the airways are very stiff, the walls become thickened and oxygen exchange is blocked. Asthma may affect allergen-sensitive cats breathing in allergens.   For asthma, many cats are prescribed corticosteroids, either by a depot inject or in oral tablet form. Steroids are powerful anti-inflammatory medications that work to reduce inflammation in your cat’s airways. However, salbutamol inhalers are also available for asthmatic cats – if the cat tolerates the face...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Bring your cat to the vet for diagnosis and treatment. Know that breathing difficulties may be caused by pneumonia. Understand that heart disease is a possible cause. Be aware that lung disease can cause breathing difficulties. Consider whether lungworms may be causing your cat’s breathing problems. Realize that tumors may lead to breathing difficulties. Know that pleural effusion can cause breathing difficulties.


Chewing a piece of gum will trigger your brain and stomach to believe you are about to eat or feeling full. This will not only stimulate your mind to feel full, but will also make sure that your mouth is too busy to eat. Make sure to chew sugarless gum so that you don’t get unnecessary calories. Chewing gum can even burn 11 calories an hour. Sucking on ice cubes will activate the same feelings of fullness as gum. Ice cubes have the added benefit that they melt into water, which will also make you feel full.  Try putting some sugar-free flavoring into your ice cubes if you don’t like the taste of plain ones. Be careful with ice cubes if you have sensitive teeth or wear braces as they can cause mouth pain. You can also try buying calorie-free, sugar-free popsicles and use those instead of chewing on ice cubes. One of the most effective ways to feel full without eating is to drink more throughout the day. Consuming water will fill your stomach and also keep you hydrated.  Dehydration may send signals to your brain that are similar to hunger signals.  If you're not well hydrated, you may feel hungry when you're actually just thirsty.  Carbonated water is a may also be a good choice because the bubbles will fill your stomach. If you don’t like plain water, infuse it with flavors by adding some lemon, lime, cucumber or even fruits like raspberries.  Just make sure not to eat any fruits you put in the water! Drinking something with a flavor can help settle your stomach and calm your hunger.  You can use other herbs such as licorice root, burdock, nettles, and fennel to help suppress your appetite. Steeping these herbs in hot water will give you a nice tea that has the added benefit of belly-filling water. Also try herbal teas or flavored teas without added sugar. Tea and coffee are also good options because the caffeine will help suppress your appetite (in the short-term) while filling your stomach with liquid. If you start to feel hunger pangs and don’t want to eat anything, brushing your teeth can make you feel...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Chew a piece of gum. Suck on ice cubes. Drink more water. Drink herbal or flavored teas. Brush your teeth. Suck on peppermints or other sugar-free candies.


Chewing is not only a natural and normal activity for rabbits, but is also necessary to keep their teeth worn down. In addition to training him to stop chewing your carpet, you will need to give him chewing alternatives, such as fresh hay and untreated grass.  Good types of hay are orchard grass, oat, and timothy. Replenish the supply a few times a day.  Grass mats, which are available at your local pet store, are also good for your rabbit to chew on.  The grass should be untreated to prevent your rabbit from ingesting harmful chemicals. Compressed alfalfa cubes make another great chewing alternative. Rabbit-specific chew toys, such as wooden chew sticks, will also keep your rabbit from chewing your carpet. Willow sticks and wicker toys are other good choices.  Examples of other chew toys are willow bridges, willow balls, and a hideaway made of wicker or grass.  Make sure the wooden toys are made with untreated wood to prevent your rabbit from ingesting harmful preservatives or varnishes. Be aware that the willow or wicker in home decoration stores are often covered with these substances.  Rabbit-specific chew toys are available at your local pet store. You do not have to spend money on chew toys for your rabbit. Chances are you have some household items for him to chew on. For example, empty toilet paper rolls and cardboard boxes make great chewing alternatives.  Make sure the cardboard box does not have any heavy ink, varnish or staples.  To keep your rabbit entertained, stuff some hay or grass into the toilet paper roll.  Old blankets and cotton towels also make good chewing alternatives. Your rabbit will love to chew on branches. However, you should not go out and randomly pick some branches from the trees in your yard—they may be toxic to your rabbit. Know which branches are safe and unsafe for your rabbit.  Rabbit-safe woods include willow, apple, maple and birch.  Unsafe woods include cherry, holly, yew, and rosewood.  Some fruit tree branches (apricot, peach) are toxic  only  when they are attached to...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Give your rabbit hay and grass. Provide your rabbit with chew toys. Find free chew toys for your rabbit. Give your rabbit tree branches to chew on. Replace the chewing alternatives regularly. Praise your rabbit when he chews on the chewing alternatives.


Chia seed gel made from chia and plain water can be used as a substitute for eggs in most baked good recipes.  Grind a handful of chia seeds dry in a coffee grinder, blender, or food processor. Mix 1 Tbsp (15 ml) of ground chia seeds with 3 Tbsp (45 ml) of water. Let it sit for 15 minutes or until it thickens into a gel.  This amount can be used as a substitute for one egg in just about any baked recipe. Speaking of baking, you can grind chia seeds into a coarse gluten-free flour that can be used in a variety of recipes, including those for many baked goods.  Put a handful of seeds in a food processor, coffee grinder, or blender and pulse until a powder forms. For thick doughs, you can substitute chia flour in equal parts. For thin batter, mix one part chia seed flour with three parts gluten-free flour. Chia seeds absorb liquid and give it a thicker texture. In highly concentrated amounts, chia seeds can turn the liquid into gel, but in small enough amounts, it only acts as a thickener.  Add 2 Tbsp (30 ml) whole or ground chia seeds to soups, stews, gravies, and sauces instead of cornstarch or flour. Mix well to combine and let it sit for 5 minutes to gauge the new thickness. Continue adding additional chia seeds to the liquid as needed to achieve your desired thickness. There are a variety of chia seed based snacks that you can make at home. Some of the easiest include chia crackers and chia seed pudding.  There are several variations of chia crackers you can make, but most simply require you to mix the seeds with a few seasonings and some water before baking.  Mix 1/2 cup (125 ml) chia seeds with 1/2 cup (125 ml) sunflower seeds, 1/2 cup (125 ml) pumpkin seeds, and 1/2 cup (125 ml) sesame seeds.  Combine 1 cup (250 ml) water, 1 grated garlic clove, 1 tsp (5 ml) grated onion, and 1/4 tsp (125 ml) salt separately before stirring the seasoning liquid into the seeds. Spread the mixture onto a baking sheet and cook for 30 minutes at 325 degrees Fahrenheit (160 degrees Celsius). Cut into crackers, flip to the...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Use chia seeds as an egg substitute. Grind chia seeds into flour. Thicken liquids with chia seeds. Create a healthy snack option. Try chia seeds instead of breadcrumb fillers and breadings. Grow chia sprouts for salads. Make an energy gel. Prepare easy homemade jam. Mix plain chia seeds into other foods.


Chickens began laying eggs from the fourth month to 2 years of age. You'll get approximately one egg per hen every two days in the first year, and it will begin to taper off in the second year.  After two years, hens can be sold for meat for additional income. They can also be fed a finisher feed which has a high level of protein and should be fed to chickens before slaughter. You can purchase pullets which are young female hens that do not lay eggs yet. They can be bought from farms, breeders or online. Country and natural varieties tend to be popular. You will also want a chicken breed that are good egg layers such as leghorns and rhode island reds.

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Buy chickens 45 days to 2 months old. Select chickens that provide eggs people are likely to want.


Chickens can be kept for eggs or meat, for show, or just as pets. Whichever purpose you choose, there are plenty of breeds that are recommended for that purpose.  You can purchase fertilised eggs, chicks, pullets, or laying hens. If you’re new to keeping chickens, it’s recommended that you purchase some pullets or laying hens instead of young chicks or fertilised eggs. However, incubating your own eggs can be a wonderful experience. Plan to keep at least two chickens. Chickens are social birds and they will get bored, depressed, and lonely if they don’t have a partner to socialize with. However, don’t keep more than one rooster in an enclosure, as they will fight each other and cause serious injuries. Some breeds are better egg-layers than others and tend to lay eggs longer. Others are best used as broiler (meat) chickens because they mature more quickly. You can also get more unique and colorful chickens, which can be kept for show, or bantams, which can be kept as pets.  If you’re looking for good egg-layers, consider the Plymouth Rock, Rhode Island Red, or Leghorn breeds. These chickens tend to lay more eggs for a longer period of time. If you’re looking for chickens to use for meat, consider keeping Faverolles or Brahma chickens. If you’re looking for show breeds, research different kinds of breeds online. Generally, a show breed can be any chicken that looks particularly colorful and unique. If you’d like a simple pet chicken, consider bantam-sized chickens, which are smaller and often friendlier than the standard chicken. You can browse on websites that sell chickens, such as Craigslist, or you can look on bulletin boards at pet shops to see if there’s an advertisement for chickens there. You can also try asking a local farmer if they’re interested in selling a few chicks or pullets.  Young chicks can also sometimes be purchased at local feed stores, or you can purchase some fertilised eggs online and get them mailed to you. Chicks are usually available in spring or summer, so if it’s winter or autumn,...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Decide on the age and the purpose of your chickens. Choose chicken breeds that suit your purposes. Locate sources for acquiring chickens in your area.


Chickens need shelter from the outdoor weather and predators. Buy or build a chicken coop or cage on your farm with dimensions based on how many chickens you're housing.  Build the chicken coop or cage at about 3 sq ft (0.28 m2) per chicken.   Clean the chicken coop or cage regularly to prevent the chickens from spreading diseases. for your farm. After setting up your equipment, buy chicks from a breeder or agricultural supply store. If you're new to raising chickens, buy no more than 500 while you're establishing your farm before adding more to your business. Buy chicken feed from a pet or agricultural supply store and feed your chickens once a day. Give each chicken about 3.5 ounces (99 g) of chicken feed a day to keep your chickens healthy and prevent malnourishment. You can also give chickens corn, halved grapes, or cabbage as a treat, but avoid feeding them these treats more than several times a week as it's less healthy than chicken feed. Diseases spread quickly between chickens, so inspect them regularly for illnesses or pest infestation. If you notice any abnormalities in your chickens' appearances or behaviors, hire a vet to diagnose and treat your chickens.

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Set up coops or cages for your chickens. Raise chicks Feed your chickens daily. Bring sick or infested chickens to a veterinarian.


Chiggers do not necessarily latch on as soon as they come into contact with your flesh. Regularly brushing over any exposed skin on your arms and legs may help you to get rid of any chiggers hanging out on your body.  To the same end, you can also brush off your clothes to help remove chiggers from your garments. Use a towel or soft bristled brush. If you were in an area that may be infested by chiggers, take a hot bath or shower immediately after coming back inside. If you’re lucky, you’ll wash away and kill any chiggers before they get the opportunity to latch onto your skin.  To ensure extermination, you should lather, rinse, and repeat several times during the shower. The water must also be very warm to hot, not lukewarm. Vigorously scrub your skin with a washcloth to dislodge any chiggers that may have attached themselves. If you may have been exposed to chiggers outside, get rid of any hiding out in your clothes by washing the garments in hot, soapy water. The water should reach a minimum of 125 °F (52 °C), or the chiggers may not be killed. Additionally, the washing cycle should last for 30 minutes or more to ensure the chiggers are washed away.  After washing your clothes, dry them in a drying machine or in the sunlight. Do not wear chigger-infested clothes before washing them. Do not wash the clothes in cool water, since this may not kill the chiggers. If chiggers did attach themselves to your skin, you’ll have to deal with itchy bug bites within a few hours. Itching associated with chigger bites can be temporarily relieved with benzocaine ointment, hydrocortisone cream, and calamine lotion. You may also be able to reduce itching with petroleum jelly, baby oil, or a paste of baking soda and water.  Don't scratch the bites, no matter how much they itch! If you do, you may break the skin and cause an infection. If you feel warmth in the area or see a discharge coming from the bite, contact your doctor.

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Brush off any exposed skin every 15-30 minutes while outside. Shower with hot water and soap after coming indoors. Wash your clothes in hot water. Reduce the itching of any bites without scratching them.


Chihuahuas, in general, are energetic. If they do not have structured playtime, they’ll usually attempt to entertain themselves in a way that may be distractive or frustrating to you as a human. In order to make sure your chihuahua has some playtime to work off some of their excess energy, and to make sure you have time to interact with him, schedule time to play with him every day.  It is best to make this playtime the same time every day. Your chihuahua will learn what time is playtime and will come to expect it. This playtime should be dedicated to your dog, which means you don’t get distracted by other activities you may also need to do. This might also be a great time every day to take your chihuahua outside, maybe into your backyard, where you can chase him or have him play fetch with plenty of room. Think of your daily walk with your chihuahua as both good for you and for him. It gives you a 30 minute walk outside every day, and it gives him a chance to work off some energy. To make things interesting, don’t walk the same route every day, change it up.  A 30 minute walk is likely long enough for your chihuahua. Unlike larger dogs, your chihuahua will not be able to go jogging or hiking with you.  You can, however, carry your chihuahua with you in a dog carrier that’s also a backpack or even a stroller. Because the inside of your house or apartment may be too small, and may have a lot of breakable items, you will probably want to keep the energy level of play inside at a much lower level than outside. Every now and again, take your chihuahua outside to a place where you can take off their leash and allow him to run around all they want. In an ideal situation, this could be your backyard. But if you don’t have a large enough yard, or you don’t have a yard at all, you might want to consider a dog park or fenced area where you know it’s safe.  Be careful where you let your chihuahua off their leash. Some cities and municipalities may have bylaws regarding where dogs can be allowed off-leash. Not to mention...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Make time to play with your chihuahua every day. Walk your chihuahua every day. Allow your chihuahua a large area to run around. Ensure your chihuahua’s toys are small enough for their mouth. Use a harness on your chihuahua instead of a collar. Consider getting your chihuahua a friend.


Child support is probably the most hotly contested aspect of a parenting plan. Most often, the non-custodial parent pays a fixed amount of money to the other parent each month to help cover the child's expenses. The amount will depend on each parent's income and the custody arrangement. If possible, try to agree on a child support arrangement that works for both you and your co-parent.  If you are not able to come to an agreement about child support, you can go to family court and have a judge mandate child support. Keep in mind that child support may need to change if other elements of the parenting plan change. You may have to go to court to get these changes made. In most cases, child support is only mandated for minors. However, you and your co-parent may decide that it is appropriate to financially support your child for longer. If this is the case, you will need to incorporate the details of your financial support into your parenting plan. You may want to establish an age at which you will no longer financially support your child, or you may want to use some other factor to determine financial support. For example, you and your co-parent may decide that your financial support will end when your child graduates from college. If it is not already outlined in your child support agreement, discuss with your co-parent who will be responsible for everyday expenses. For example, if your child is going to a birthday party and needs to buy a gift, who will pay for it? You may also want to come up with guidelines for how much it is appropriate to spend on certain items. In addition to everyday expenses, you and your co-parent will need a plan for larger expenses associated with your child. This may include things like medical bills or the fees associated with a school trip abroad. You may want to make a provision that would require that large (non-emergency) expenses be agreed upon before they are incurred. This would prevent your co-parent from making a costly purchase for your child that you do not agree with...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Establish a child support agreement. Discuss financial support for adult children. Determine how everyday expenses will be handled. Decide how you will handle large expenses. Figure out if belongings will be shared.


Children and adults who are rejected by their parents may deal with anger problems and aggression. Counteract these negative effects by finding positive ways to manage your anger. You might pick up a new physical activity, such as running or boxing. Other ways to express anger might be through creative pursuits like dancing, painting, or writing. Rejection can make you question yourself and your decisions. You might also feel ashamed. Work to overcome this by taking ownership of your story and your experience. Don’t feel like you need to hide or change who you are because of the rejection.  Start by writing a narrative. Detail all the events that led up to the rejection and how they have affected you. Try to include any thoughts and feelings relating to the event. Write the narrative through your own eyes as opposed to your parent’s.  Once you’ve written your story, share it with others. Try starting with a best friend, a favorite teacher, or a school counselor. If you're an adult, share your story with a partner or close pal. You’ll have many relationships throughout your lifetime, but the most constant relationship you’ll ever have is with yourself. That’s why self-love can be a powerful tool for dealing with rejection.  Try repeating a loving affirmation daily, such as “I am at peace with all that has happened and all that will happen because everything is working towards my greatest good.”  When you repeat affirmations that reinforce self-love, it may feel strange at first. However, over time, you might find yourself reciting them more loudly and confidently. You might even come to believe them. After being rejected by a parent, you might experience a great deal of insecurity in your relationships and life in general. One way to overcome insecurity is by boosting your optimism and learning to look on the bright side of things.  One trick for  developing optimism is recognizing that you aren’t always responsible for how things turn out.  Do your best to remind yourself that any rejection or judgement is...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Find an outlet for anger. Own your story. Repeat loving affirmations. Don’t take responsibility for the rejection. Build healthy ways of relating to others.


Children and teenagers with existing mental or psychological conditions seem more prone to drinking, as do children and teenagers who experience significant problems at home or who lack parental supervision and involvement. If your child falls into any of these categories, pay extra attention. There is also some evidence of alcoholism “running in families.” If your child has a close family member with a drinking problem, he or she may have an increased risk. Children and teenagers who have been drinking exhibit the same symptoms of intoxication that adults do: they slur their speech, become less coordinated, walk unsteadily, and show signs of impaired attention and memory. They may feel dizzy, vomit, or pass out. Intoxication does not necessarily indicate alcoholism. Many teenagers get drunk once or twice – or even more often than that – without ever becoming dependent on alcohol. Nevertheless, it's vital to take underage drinking seriously. Let your child know that you do not want it to happen again, and pay attention to his or her behavior in the future. Children and teenagers who abuse alcohol have significant problematic behaviors and psychological changes associated with drinking: mood instability, impaired judgment, poor social or occupational functioning, aggressive behavior, and inappropriate sexual behavior. If you notice these signs of alcohol abuse, take them seriously. Your child needs help. Alcohol abuse may entail physically dangerous behaviors like driving under the influence, which can also lead to legal problems. Be aware that someone who abuses alcohol is likely to put himself or herself (and others) at risk. As someone becomes dependent on alcohol, he or she will need to drink more and more to get the same effects. In addition, he or she will experience withdrawal symptoms when alcohol is not available. These symptoms include aches, pains, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, restlessness, nightmares, and mood swings. Alcohol dependence (or alcoholism) is extremely serious, especially for children...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Understand the risk factors for alcohol abuse and dependence. Watch for signs of intoxication. Be alert for signs of alcohol abuse. Know the signs of alcohol dependence.


Children are expensive. They need food, clothes, diapers, healthcare, and require additional space. Many couples worry about how they can afford a baby that they were not expecting. Look at your current financial situation and see where you can cut back and save some money.   You and your spouse can also get expert advice from a financial advisor. Visit the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion website to calculate the cost of raising a child for the first year. Becoming parents will change the relationship between you and your spouse. Sleep deprivation, decreased intimacy, and new responsibilities are the biggest areas that your relationship will change. Talk with your spouse about how you two plan to handle these aspects of your relationship and create realistic expectations.  If you plan to keep the baby, talk about how you will divvy up the responsibilities (e.g. feeding, getting the baby ready before work, staying at home with the baby, parental leave, etc.) Intimacy usually decreases after you have a baby. Talk with your spouse about how you will handle this. You and your spouse will need support no matter what decision you make. Your family and friends can help you every step of the way. Let them know that you are pregnant and how you and your spouse are feeling. You are definitely not the only couple that has experienced an unplanned pregnancy.  Let your support system know what you need. Be clear if you want advice or if you just need to vent. If you do plan to keep the baby, you will already have a support system in place. You will definitely need help once the baby arrives.

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Talk about your finances. Discuss how a child will impact your relationship. Get the support of your family and friends.


Children are more likely to feel motivated to keep trying when their efforts, instead of their accomplishments, are acknowledged. Acknowledging your child’s efforts lets them know that hard work is more valuable than specific results. If your child does well on a test, comment on their hard work. For example, you might say, “Your hard work really paid off on this test.” Descriptive words are different than the usual kinds of evaluative praise we give children. Evaluative praise involves judgments like “good” and “bad.” On the other hand, descriptive words simply relate true observations, such as “you got all of your homework done on time.”  Words of praise such as “this is really good” teach your child to rely on someone else's assessment. On the other hand, descriptive words such as, “This paper really demonstrates your knowledge of the material,” is just an observation and has no evaluative judgment. Thus, it will teach your child to form her own positive self-assessment. When your child doesn’t perform up to their expectations, provide encouragement in the form of constructive advice about how to do better the next time.  For example, if you child does poorly on a math test despite studying hard, tell them that the two of you will work on a different study method for the next test. Never put down your child’s efforts. If you criticize your child after they put in effort, they’ll feel like there’s no point in trying. If your child isn’t’ living up to their potential or is simply refusing to do their homework, you should make it clear that you expect them to do better. However, you don’t want to be overly critical or push your child away.  Tell your child that if they don’t do their homework you will start taking away privileges such as TV and videogames. Avoid judgmental words. Never tell your child that they’re stupid or lazy. Make it clear that any punishment is simply a way to motivate your child to do better. For example, you might say, “TV is taking up too much of your time and you’re not getting your...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Acknowledge your child’s efforts. Use descriptive words to encourage your child. Encourage your child even if they don’t do well. Be kind yet firm.


Children are more prone to sepsis than the larger population. One of the best means to prevent sepsis in children is to get them vaccinated. Talk to your healthcare provider about what vaccinations your children need, and make sure to get your kids a full round of vaccines against common childhood diseases.  Common childhood vaccines include vaccinations against things like meningitis and whooping cough. If your child has an underlying problem and cannot be vaccinated, make sure everyone around the child is properly vaccinated. This creates what is called herd immunity, meaning your child will be less likely to contract a disease as those around them are immune. Sepsis can occur in infants when an infection from a mother is passed on to the baby. Throughout your pregnancy, take steps to prevent infection.  Do not share cups, plates, or utensils with young children. Always cook your meat until it's well done. Eating rare meat during pregnancy can be dangerous. You should also stay away from unpasteurized milk and cheese. Do not touch the droppings of wild animals, like mice. If you have a cat, do not clean your cat's litter box. Dirty cat litter can sometimes contain a harmful parasite called toxoplasmosis. You should clean children's wounds, even small ones, to prevent an infection. Infections are what cause sepsis. Children often get wounds while playing outside. If your child is wounded, even if it's a small wound like a cut or a scrape, clean and dress the wound right away.  Clean the wound under running water with some antibacterial soap. Pat the wound dry with a clean towel. Dress the wound in a sterile piece of gauze or an adhesive bandage. Make sure to change the dressing regularly. Proper hygiene is vital to preventing infections that cause sepsis. Make sure your child bathes on a regular basis and washes their hands regularly, especially after playing outside, using the bathroom, and before eating. The better a child's hygiene, the lower that child's risk of developing an infection.

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Get your children vaccinated against common childhood diseases. Take precautions throughout your pregnancy to avoid infection. Clean your children's wounds quickly. Encourage your children to practice proper hygiene.


Children are more susceptible to frostbite, since they're not as aware when of the warning signs. A child might lose a mitten and end up with numb fingers without giving it a moment's notice. Bring your children inside often, especially in very cold temperatures, to make sure they stay safe. Frostbite can start to occur very quickly at low temperatures or when there are high winds or precipitation. If the weather conditions change, it's important to seek shelter as soon as possible. Wet clothing against the skin increases the risk of frostbite. Keep clothes dry, especially socks and gloves or mittens. Bring extras or go inside to dry them off if they become wet. This is especially important when you’re in very cold temperatures. Look at your skin, press it to feel how firm it is, and wiggle your fingers and toes. Early signs of frostbite include: This is the earliest stage. It involves painful sensations and red skin that responds normally to pressure. The second stage is characterized by numbness and white or grayish-yellow skin that still feels soft. This type of frostbite is very dangerous, and requires immediate medical attention. See if there's numbness and white or grayish-yellow skin that feels waxy and unusually firm. Dizziness, confusion and fever may also be present.

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Bring children inside every hour to warm up. Seek shelter if you encounter a serious storm or extreme cold. Change or go in immediately if you get wet. Check your skin for frostbite every half hour. Frostnip: Superficial frostbite: Deep frostbite:


Children are very active, and need clothing that is relatively durable, especially for daily use. However, clothing made of good quality fabrics doesn’t have to be expensive, and expensive clothing isn’t necessarily made of good quality fabrics. Examine each article of clothing to determine fabric quality.  Feel the fabric to make sure it is thick and durable. Hold the fabric up to the light. If it looks transparent, it is probably not good quality. Children won’t want to wear clothing if it is itchy or rough. Soft fabrics are especially important for babies and toddlers, who have extra sensitive skin. Cotton is a soft, breathable fabric that won’t irritate skin. Fleece works well if you need something warmer. Loose stitches and poorly finished seams are signs of a poorly made clothing item. This item probably won’t last very long, especially after a few wears and washings. For each clothing item, check that seams are tight and stitches are in place. Make sure seams are smooth. Unfinished seams can scratch kids’ sensitive skin. Look out for appliqués, sparkles, and other designs that might rub and irritate skin. These might look pretty, but are not very practical if they cause discomfort. Fringe or strings are strangulation hazards for toddlers and infants. Stay away from these when buying clothing for young children. Loose buttons indicate that a clothing item is probably not good quality. They can also be choking hazards for young children. Check that buttons are secure on the clothing items you consider. As a rule, if you expect the child to wear the article frequently and want it to last a while, you should opt for higher quality items. School clothes will be worn a lot, and need to last all year. Investing in good quality school clothes will prevent unnecessary trips back to the clothing store. You may want to splurge on high quality formal wear for your child, especially for events like weddings, which is perfectly fine. However, buying high quality, secondhand formal wear is a good option as well. That...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Look for high quality fabrics. Pick soft fabrics. Check the seams. Avoid designs that can irritate skin. Avoid fringe or strings when buying for young children. Avoid clothing with loose buttons. Choose high quality clothing for school. Consider gently used, high quality formal wear.


Children as young as 8 may begin to experience puberty both physically and mentally. It is important to make children aware what changes may follow, such as:   Physical changes like the growth of genitals, breast development and menstruation, and growth spurts. Sexual feelings that may lead to sexual attraction to others and masturbation. Emotional changes that affect how children see themselves, their self-image, and how they relate to others like their parents, family, and friends. Elementary-aged children may start to become physically intimate with each other and start dating, kissing, or touching. Some older children may even begin to explore the idea of being sexually intimate with someone.   Talk about the importance of permission when it comes to touching each other. If you see a child trying to force touch on someone else (e.g. trying to kiss an unwilling kid), scold them and say it's not appropriate. For example, "He said no! You need to listen to him." Some education programs will start to educate elementary-aged children about protection and contraceptives when engaging in sex. As well as the effects of HIVs/AIDs and STIs/STDs. The continuation of teaching children that their bodies are their own will help them engage in safe and healthy relationships with others. At this time, children will come across difficulties with expressing themselves, or have trouble understanding what is happening to them as puberty begins. It's important to address issues such as:    Sexuality. Since children at this age will start to develop attraction towards one another, some may experience difficulty adjusting to their sexuality, especially if they identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, asexual, or anything other than what is assumed as "normal". Provide resources and comfort to help children adjust to their sexuality.  Gender identity. Some children may be expressing their gender differently or identify as transgender. Validate these differences by providing children tools and resources to better navigate their...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Explain to children the process of puberty. Anticipate that children will start to explore behaviours that may be sexual in nature. Acknowledge children's struggles with body image, social skills, and sexuality.


Children having asthma attacks often struggle so hard to breathe that you'll be able to see it. If have any feeling that the child is struggling to breathe or that “something is wrong,” trust your instincts. Give the child her inhaler or other prescribed immediate relief medication and seek medical attention if possible. When children have asthma attacks, their bodies have to work hard just to breathe. As a result, the skin may appear sweaty or damp. But instead of looking flushed and pink as it would from exercise, it will appear pale or white during an asthma attack. Blood turns red only when exposed to oxygen, so if a child isn't getting enough oxygen, you won't see the pink flush of normal blood flow. If you notice a blue tinge to the skin, or if the lips and fingernails become blue, the child’s attack is very serious. She is severely oxygen-deprived and needs immediate medical help.

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Assess the child’s overall appearance. Check for pale and clammy skin. Check for blue-tinged skin.


Children may express their feelings indirectly, through their play or artwork. They might try to hide their feelings, particularly if they’re older children or teens. Your child might become more irritable, or suddenly seem younger than her age.  Accept whatever feelings your child might have about the death. Let your child know that it’s fine for her to feel happy, sad, confused, scared, or angry. No matter what she feels, you should reassure her that she is safe and cared for. If your child’s feelings cause you to be upset, she’ll be more likely to hide her feelings from you. It can help your child in the grieving process to remember the good times with the dead. Try making a photo album or storybook including pictures and memories of the dead in happier times.  Remember that grieving isn’t about forgetting, but about processing the loss of a special friend or animal. Looking at pictures, remembering stories or writing them down is one way of keeping the connection with the dead person or pet alive as your child gets used to the fact of their absence. If you have religious beliefs, share them with your child in a way that your child can understand. For example, if you want to tell your child that her grandmother is “in heaven,” be prepared to say more about that.  If your religious tradition has special observances, services, or rituals surrounding death, you should include your child in these preparations. Ask a leader in your religious community for help in explaining your faith tradition’s ideas regarding death. If you read regularly to your child, you might consider reading books that talk directly about death. This is a safe way for you and your child to share this information together, through the familiar routine of reading. Books that have been written to help explain death and loss to children include:   When Dinosaurs Die: A Guide to Understanding Death by Laurie Krasny Brown and Marc Brown  I Miss You: A First Look at Death by Pat Thomas  So Much to Think About: When Someone You Care About has...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Encourage your child to express his feelings. Help children hold onto memories. Share your values with your child. Look for children’s books that help explain death.


Children may forget to drink enough fluids when they are not feeling well. In addition, you child will lose water faster than usual if their body is producing mucus or if they're running a fever. Offer plenty of liquids frequently and encourage them to drink even if they aren't thirsty.   Good drinks include water, juice, clear broth, or warm lemon water. The juice, broth, and lemon water will also help replenish electrolytes. Monitor your child for signs of dehydration including decreased urination, no tears when crying, sleepiness, dizziness, constipation, headaches, irritability, dry mouth, skin and mucous membranes, passing dark or cloudy urine. Getting enough fluid will also help control your child’s fever. Fighting of the flu will sap your child’s energy, so extra sleep is very important. Let your child sleep for as long as they can. This may include naps during the day. The amount of sleep your child needs will vary according to age and individual needs. In general healthy children need:  11 – 18 hours as newborns 9 – 12 hours from 4 to 11 months old 11 – 14 hours from 1 to 2 years old 11– 13 hours when they are 3 to 5 years old 9 – 11 hours when they are 6 to 13 years old 8 – 10 hours in their teens If your child’s temperature rises, they may get the chills and even start shivering.  This occurs when the body temperature rises in relation to the air temperature. If your child gets the chills, take their temperature to see if they are running a fever and keep them warm.  A normal body temperature is 98.6°F (37°C). Most pediatricians define a fever as a temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher. Tuck them into bed and put extra blankets on the bed. If your child is an infant, wrap them in a blanket and hold them. Your body heat will help keep them warm. If their fever starts coming down they may suddenly feel very warm and remove the blankets. Let them regulate their temperature as needed. Remove extra blankets if your infant starts to feel very warm. Use a cool-mist humidifier to keep the air moist in...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Keep your child hydrated. Let the child sleep longer. Keep your child warm. Help your child breathe with a humidifier. Make chicken soup. Comfort your child.


Children rely on their parents to help them talk about their emotions. If your child is feeling happy, sad, upset, or excited, talk with them about it and tell them about your experience with that emotion. This helps to instill emotional intelligence in children, and helps them become more in tune with their feelings as they grow up.  For example, if your child masters a new game, like throwing and catching a ball, and you see them smiling and laughing, you can say something like “You’re so happy! I love seeing you smile!” It’s also important to identify less positive emotions, like frustration. For example, if your older child is crying because you told them they weren’t allowed to go out with friends, you can say “I know you’re upset. Are you annoyed because I told you no?” Teach your children emotions by using visual cues that they can access easily. Use flashcards or an emotion poster your child can refer to when they have trouble telling you how they feel. Social connections are extremely important for children, so be sure to give them enough time with their friends. Organize play dates for younger children, and allow older kids to spend time with their friends from school and extracurricular activities. Try to help them devote at least 2 hours each week to spending time with friends.  Coordinate with other parents of younger children to make weekly or monthly playdates with a variety of different friends. For older children, offer to host their friends after school for a study session or even a sleepover so you can see how their friendships are going. If your child is having problems making and keeping friends, talk to them about what’s going on. If you suspect that they’re being bullied, contact their teacher to discuss the issue and find a resolution. Encourage your child to connect with others at extracurricular activities and make an effort to take your child to social gatherings when they’re invited. Talk to your child to have them invite their friends to their own celebrations. Recent studies have...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Help your child understand and identify their emotions. Encourage them to spend time with their friends. Consider limiting “screen time” to 2 hours per day. Ask your children about what makes them happy.


Children retain information better when their hands and their brains are simultaneously busy, or engaged. This is accomplished by developing lessons and activities that require students to talk, listen, and move. These types of lessons and activities will benefit active, auditory, and visual learners.   Incorporate more arts and craft projects into your lessons. Have students move around to different learning stations. Group students by interests or strengths. Provide them with activities that let them explore a topic in a way that engages them. Field trips provide students with the opportunity to connect the abstract concepts they are learning inside the classroom to the real world.  As an educator, select field trips that promote hands-on learning. For example, if you are studying your nation’s government, take them to your state’s capitol building. As a parent, you have the luxury to use your time and resources a little more creatively. Take your child to an art museum out of state to see their favorite painting or to a distant historic site to experience your nation’s history. Sign your child up for an engineering camp or have them shadow one of your friends at an office. Instead of limiting or checking their imagination, allow their creativity to run rampant. Foster their creativity by designing lessons that encourage the use of arts and crafts, role-playing, or a range of similar activities.  When teaching students about the judicial branch, have your students hold a mock-trial. When younger students study historical figures, ask them to dress up as their subject for a formal presentation. Provide your children with the freedom to express themselves through a variety of forms. Let them choose how they express their learning by giving them multiple options for projects. You could, for example, let them pick between a writing a story, drawing a picture, or performing a reenactment for a history lesson. After teaching a lesson to your students or studying a concept with your child, allow them to play an...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Create hands-on-learning opportunities. Take your students on field trips. Allow students to utilize their imaginations. Play educational games. Make abstract concepts relevant.


Children tend to have acute pain with ear infections. In younger kids, they may not be able to express that pain; however, you can watch for excessive crying, particularly when the child lays down, as well as pulling or tugging on their ears. They may also be more irritable or have difficulty sleeping. This symptom is most prevalent in babies that are breast or bottle feeding. As they swallow, it causes more pain in the ear, due to a change in pressure; therefore, the child doesn't want to eat as much because of the pain. Just like in adults, otitis media can cause temporary hearing loss in children. Pay attention to see if your kid doesn't seem to be hearing as well as normal, such as not being able to answer questions well or repeatedly asking "What?" when you are talking. In babies, watch to see if they respond to soft sounds as well as they normally do. Often, children with this condition will run a fever. Check your child's temperature if you suspect they have an ear infection. A child with an ear infection can run a relatively high fever, from 100.4 to 104°F (38 to 40°C). Another symptom of a middle ear infection is the child having problems with balance. Because the ear regulates balance, an infection can cause a child's balance to be off. Pay attention if your child suddenly has more trouble walking or staying upright. Balance problems are more likely to be a symptom for kids than adults, but you should take note if you are having balance problems along with other symptoms. This condition can also cause your child to be nauseated, due to the vertigo (lack of balance) caused by the ear infection. It can also lead to vomiting. Look for these symptoms along with other signs, such as pain or mild hearing loss. Sometimes, this condition doesn't exhibit many symptoms. In fact, the main symptom may be mild hearing loss, which your child or you may not even notice. It may exhibit as the child not paying as much attention in school, for instance, because they can't hear as well. Other kids may notice their ear...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Check for signs of ear pain. Watch for decreased interest in eating. Look for difficulty hearing. Check for a fever. Notice problems with your child's balance. Look for nausea and vomiting. Realize symptoms may not be dramatic. Pay attention to drainage.


Children with ADHD can be defiant, aggressive, resistant to discipline, lawless, overly emotional, passionate, and lack inhibitions. Though for a long time, doctors assumed that such children were the victims of poor parents, in the early twentieth century, researchers began looking at the brain as the cause of ADHD.  Scientists studying the brain structure of children of ADHD report that some parts of their brains are smaller than normal.  One of these is the basal ganglia, which regulates muscle movement, telling muscles when they are needed for a given activity and when they should rest. For most of us, when we’re seated, the hands and feet don’t need to be in motion, but the less effective basal ganglia in a child with ADHD fails to inhibit excessive activity, so sitting still is harder for that child.  In other words, children with ADHD lack stimulation inside their brains and have poor impulse control, so they will work harder or "act out" to get that needed stimulation.  Once parents realize their child isn’t simply being willful or thoughtless and that their child's brain just processes things differently thanks to ADHD, they often find it easier to deal with behaviors. New-found compassion understanding provide more patience and willingness to restructure how they deal with their child. Other issues may compound the problems facing parents of ADHD-diagnosed children, as other disorders often accompany ADHD.  For example, about 20% of those with ADHD also have bipolar or depressive disorders, while over 33% have behavioral disorders such as conduct disorder or oppositional defiance disorder. Many children with ADHD also have learning disabilities or problems with anxiety.  Additional disorders or problems in addition to ADHD can make the job of disciplining your child more difficult. This is especially true if there are multiple medications with various potential side effects to take into account when trying to manage your child’s behaviors. " There is no real measure of what's normal, and the very...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Understand how children with ADHD are different. Understand the other reasons that children with ADHD may behave badly. Avoid getting frustrated that your child doesn't behave "normally.


Children with ODD can improve — studies have shown up to 67% of children diagnosed with ODD will be symptom-free within three years if they receive treatment. The sooner you address and begin to treat ODD and any co-existing conditions, the better your child's chances are of improving. Unfortunately, 33% of children diagnosed go on to develop Conduct Disorder (CD). This is considered a more serious disorder that can lead to antisocial behavior (such as cruelty toward people or animals, initiating physical fights, arson, and/or forcing someone into sexual activity). If you’re having problems getting along with your child, chances are your child is struggling, too. While outwardly your child may be misbehaving, inwardly they may not know how to express their wants and desires in a way that is easily received. A therapist can help your child express himself in a more conducive way. They can help your child understand emotions, express emotions in a constructive way, and work through anger.  Behavior therapy serves to help children unlearn negative behaviors, and replace them with more positive behaviors. Therapy often involves parents to help enforce the new learned behaviors at home.  Therapy may help your child learn problem solving skills, empathy, social skills, and help reduce aggressive behaviors. See if there is a social-skills program at the child's school or somewhere nearby. This program helps teach children to interact with their peers in a more positive way as well as help them improve school work. Often, children with ODD will also have another emotional problem or disability, such as anxiety, depression, or ADHD. If you suspect your child may have one of these disorders, make an appointment with a therapist in order to discuss a possible diagnosis. A child will not make progress with his ODD unless the co-existing disorder is treated as well. While you may have found it less difficult to handle your other children and their problems, you may find yourself at a loss in how to parent your child with...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Begin treatment as soon as possible. Seek a therapist for your child. Treat co-occurring mental health conditions. Attend parent-management training programs and family therapy. Listen to teens and adults who experienced ODD. Join a parent support group. Supplement treatment with medication if necessary.


Chilis will need to be replanted every so often as they grow. The first transplant will happen when the new sprouts have two to four sets of leaves. As your sprouts grow, check them daily for leaf growth. Assess your seedlings to determine which one is the largest and healthiest. Look for fuller leaves, more leaf growth, and a taller stem. Remove the weaker seedling by trimming it with scissors at soil level, or by pinching it off with your fingers. Instead of trimming off the weaker seedling, you can also separate the two and plant two chili plants. For the first transplant, you should move the chili seedling to a pot that’s no more than 3 inches (7.6 cm) wide. Fill the pot with about 2 inches (5 cm) of a rich and high-quality potting soil, or a mixture of sphagnum moss and aged manure. Place your hand over the base of the seedling and turn the seed starter pot over. Gently pull the seedling and root ball from the starter pot, being careful not to tear or damage any of the roots. You can give the seed cell a gentle squeeze to loosen the soil and roots if necessary. Transfer the seedling to the larger pot that you prepared with soil. Hold the seedling steady with one hand, and add potting mix to cover the root ball and stem. Add enough soil to cover the stem to just below the first set of leaves.

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Allow the sprouts to grow at least two sets of leaves. Trim off the weaker seedlings. Add potting soil to a small pot. Remove the seedling from the seed pot. Plant the seedling in the new pot.


Chill the glass before you intend on serving the limoncello. If you don’t have a champagne flute, try using a wine glass. The cold glasses will keep your drink cold and bring out its maximum flavor. This drink isn’t usually prepared with ice, so if you plan on using ice to chill the glasses, pour it out before opening the limoncello. Use various fruit to transform a limoncello Prosecco cocktail into something unique. For example, put about 6 frozen raspberries into the glass to balance out the lemon flavor of the limoncello and grape flavor from the Prosecco. You don’t need to crush the fruit. Prosecco has a dry but sweet flavor similar to green apples and melons. Some fruit that goes well with it includes blueberries, raspberries, and lemons. Combine about 1 fluid ounce (30 mL) of limoncello with 5 fluid ounces (150 mL) of Prosecco. Use a cocktail mixing spoon to stir them together. Change the amount of limoncello or Prosecco as desired.  For instance, include more limoncello to make the cocktail taste tart, or use a higher ratio of Prosecco to make the lemon flavor more subtle. To serve a bunch of cocktails at once, mix the liquor in a pitcher. Whisk together about 3 cups (710 mL) of Prosecco with 1 cup (240 mL) of limoncello. the glass with cherries or fresh mint. The garnish doesn’t add anything to the cocktail’s flavor, but it improves its appearance. Purchase a jar of brandied cherries and stick 1 on the rim of the glass. Place a sprig of fresh mint for a green contrast to the yellow cocktail and red fruit. The garnish is open to interpretation. Add a lemon slice, for instance, to represent the limoncello.

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Leave a champagne glass in the freezer for up to 4 hours. Add raspberries or other fruit to the cold glass. Stir limoncello and Prosecco together in the glass. Garnish


Chimney starters are the easiest way to get a good charcoal fire, and you won't need any lighter fluid, either. You put paper in the bottom, fill the rest of the chimney with charcoal, and light the paper on fire. The heat is contained in the chimney, allowing all the charcoal to quickly catch fire before you dump it onto the grill to use for cooking.  Chimney starters are usually between $15-$30, depending on size, and can be found online or in hardware stores. Most professional BBQ chefs and cooks highly recommend buying a chimney starter, as lighter fluid can influence smoke flavor and is harder to use when making an even heat fire. You only need to ball the paper up loosely, as having it too tight can prevent the flame from getting enough oxygen. The paper will act like a rapid, large match for your charcoal, starting the fire. If your chimney doesn't have a solid bottom, place the paper on the charcoal grate of your grill and lower the chimney on top of it. Fill the entire chimney up with your favorite charcoal, or a mixture of both. Use enough charcoal for your entire grill, as the chimney will ensure that everything is evenly lit. For a normal, 22" grill this means roughly 40 briquets, but simply filling your chimney to the top should be a close enough estimate. Use long matches or a grill lighter to protect your hands. The paper will burn up quickly, but the concentrated flames and hot air will ignite the bottom charcoal, which will then light the rest of the chimney. Place your chimney on the charcoal grate of the grill or a heat-resistant surface as it heats up. It will get very hot, and can cause a fire if left unattended. As the heat rises in the chimney, the coals on top will catch and start to coat with white/gray ash. It usually takes 10-15 minutes to get hot enough. You are then ready to start grilling. Dump the coals in the center of the grill if you plan on keeping the whole grill surface hot, or on one-half of the grill if you want separate areas for direct and indirect cooking. If you plan...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Use a chimney starter for an even, strong fire with minimal effort. Place 2-4 pieces of lightly scrunched newspaper in the bottom of the starter. Fill the top of the chimney with charcoal briquets or wood chips. Light the paper from the bottom in 2-3 places. Dump the coals on the grill the top pieces are covered in gray/white ash. Make sure the vents are open for a larger fire.


Chimneys should be cleaned at least once a year, and more often if you use your fireplace frequently.  Take a flashlight and peer inside the chimney flute. Use a pencil or plastic knife to scrape off a bit of the creosote that has accumulated on the side of the chimney. If it's 1/8-inch thick or thicker, it's time for a cleaning. If you only clean your chimney once a year, do it in the fall, before the burning season begins. Otherwise, you risk sparking a chimney fire the first time you light up your fireplace in the winter. If it has been awhile since the last time you used your chimney, check for critters before you begin cleaning. Birds, squirrels and raccoons like to nest there, especially in the cooler months. Shine a flashlight up the chimney from the fireplace, and if you find an animal, take steps to have it removed. To clean your chimney, you'll have to use properly-sized tools. Measure the sides of your chimney from the bottom, through the fireplace. You could also climb up a ladder and measure it from the top.  Determine the size and shape of the flue. It will be either square or round, 6" or 8." Determine the height of the chimney. If you're guessing, it's better to overestimate, so you have more than enough extra rope or piping to make sure the chimney brush can reach the entire length of the chimney. Go to the hardware store and buy the following items in preparation for cleaning the chimney:  A chimney brush, either wire or plastic. Use your chimney's measurements to buy the right size. Chimney brush extension pipes, to help you clean the whole length of the chimney. Alternatively, you could buy a weighted rope designed to be used with the chimney brush, or a rope pulley system. A smaller stiff wire brush. A plastic tarp or drop cloth for use inside  your house. A ladder tall enough to reach your roof, if you plan to clean your chimney from the top down. A broom and dustpan. A dust mask and goggles. Wear old clothes that you don't mind getting messy with soot. Cover your hair with a bandanna....

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Determine whether the chimney needs to be cleaned. Check the chimney for animals. Measure your chimney flue. Buy chimney cleaning supplies. Dress in appropriate clothing. Prepare your house for the cleaning. Remove the damper from the chimney flue.


Chinos can be easily dressed up or down, making a statement color like green much easier to introduce into your wardrobe. Pair olive green chinos with a neutral-colored button-down shirt to create an office-ready look. Try a deep forest green pair with rugged boots and a plaid flannel button-down for a more casual style. Army green cargo pants are versatile when you’re going specifically for a casual look. Create a laid-back vibe by pairing green cargo pants in a relaxed fit with a loosely tucked in button-down. Sport loose-fitting faded cargos and a white v-neck t-shirt when running errands or hanging out casually with friends.  Avoid cargo styles if you’re headed to the office or an upscale event. To keep green cargo pants from looking sloppy, pair them with simple silhouettes and neutral colors. Olive is the easiest shade of green to wear, since the color is neutral and muted. You’ll probably get the most mileage out of an olive green pair, as well, since they tend to match with more items in your wardrobe. Olive green can look quite dressy and also very casual, so you can get a lot of different looks if you go with this shade of green. If you like to tailor your clothes to the seasons, create a great Fall look by pairing olive green pants with other jewel tones, such as burgundy, royal blue and pumpkin. Green pants can definitely work in an office setting, but the right fit is key. Avoid loose fitting green pants and opt for a streamlined pair with a slim fit. Try deep green skinny jeans or slim fitting khakis to create polished looks that are office-ready. When wearing green pants in a work atmosphere, the other pieces should also be slim fitting or, at the very least, not baggy. Go with fitted blazers and dress shirts. Dark and olive green pants are typically understated, but if you want to make a splash, try a bright grass or emerald green hue. To keep from looking too kitschy, pair bright green pants with a neutral colored t-shirt or simple button-down. It’s difficult to pull off bright green in an...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Go with chinos for versatility. Wear a cargo style for a casual look. Choose olive green for an accessible look. Opt for a slim fit to look work-ready. Make a statement with a bright green pair.


Chips are thick fries, and french fries are the thin fries. A chippie (or chippy) is a shop that sells food such as fish and chips (fries).   Crisps are potato chips. A biscuit is a cookie. A British person would only call chocolate-chip biscuits a cookie.  Scones are a baked item made of firm dough. They are neither soft like bread or crisp like a cookie or a biscuit but are somewhere in between, a bit like the shortcake in strawberry shortcake, or American biscuits, except sweet. They are eaten topped, or cut in half and filled, with butter and/or cream and jam. May or may not contain raisins or sultanas.  Jelly is a gelatin dessert (Jello), the type given with ice cream in hospital; fruit preserves are jam or in fact, preserves.  Minced beef is ground beef, but mincemeat is a mixture of dried fruit, fat (suet) and alcohol used to fill mince pies at Christmas. Traditionally it contained meat, but very rarely does now.  Cornflour is corn starch, used for thickening sauces. It is not flour for use as an alternative to wheat flour.  Spring onions are green onions. Fresh cilantro is known as coriander. The spice coriander is the same in both countries. The ground floor is the same as the American first floor. In a lift (elevator) the button for the ground floor has a capital G on it.  The first floor is the one above this, and other numbers follow as normal. A lift is an elevator. A flat is the general term for an apartment. A bedsit is a one-room flat (efficiency apartment) that serves as a bedroom and a living area. The boot is the trunk of the car. A trunk in Britain is a kind of old-fashioned large suitcase. The wing is the fender of the car. The bonnet is the hood of the car. The windscreen is the windshield as goes for the wipers. However, a trunk call, is a long-distance (on a trunk-line) phone call but the term is not associated with automobiles at all as one might be lead to believe. Trunk call is not used in modern British English. A roundabout is a traffic circle or rotary it is also a revolving...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Be aware that certain foodstuffs are called by different names: Learn the different terms for parts of a building: Learn these terms for when you are on the move: Avoid embarrassment of not understanding these differences: Remember when throwing something away that: Use these terms when talking about clothing: Study the terms that may cause confusion: Hockey


Chiropractors and osteopaths are spinal specialists who focus on establishing normal motion and function of the small spinal joints that connect the vertebrae, called spinal facet joints. Manual joint manipulation, also called an adjustment, can be used to unjam or reposition facet joints that are slightly misaligned, which triggers inflammation and sharp pain, particularly with movement.  Although a single spinal adjustment can sometimes completely relieve your back pain, more than likely it will take 3-5 treatments to notice significant results. Your health insurance may not cover chiropractic care. Chiropractors and osteopaths also use a variety of therapies tailored more towards muscle strains, which may be more appropriate for your back issue. Traction techniques or stretching of your spine with an inversion table may also help your back pain. Some chiropractors have inversion tables in their offices, which allows you to turn yourself upside down in a controlled and easy way, enlisting the help of gravity to decompress your spine. Consider buying an inversion table for home use. A strained muscle occurs when individual muscle fibers tear, which leads to pain, inflammation and some degree of guarding (muscle spasm in attempts to prevent further damage). A deep tissue massage is helpful for mild-to-moderate strains because it reduces muscle spasm, combats inflammation and promotes relaxation. Start with a 30 minute massage, focusing on your entire spine and hips. Allow the therapist to go as deep as you can tolerate without wincing. Always drink lots of water immediately following a massage in order to flush out inflammatory by-products and lactic acid from your body. Failure to do so might cause a headache or mild nausea. Acupuncture involves sticking very thin needles into specific energy points within the skin / muscle in efforts to reduce pain and inflammation. Acupuncture for back pain can be effective, especially if it's done when the symptoms first occur. Based on the principles of traditional...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Schedule an appointment with a chiropractor or osteopath. Get a professional massage. Try an acupuncture treatment. Consider relaxation or "mind-body" therapies.


Chlorine bleach is an effective cleaning agent that kills norovirus.  Increase the concentration or buy a new bottle of chlorine bleach if the bleach you have has been open for more than a month. Bleach becomes less effective the longer it remains open. Before applying bleach to a visible surface, test it somewhere that is not easily seen to make sure that it won’t damage the surface. If the surface is damaged by bleach, you can also use phenolic solutions, such as Pine-Sol, to clean the surface. There are certain concentrations of chlorine bleach you can use for different surfaces.  For stainless steel surfaces and items used for food consumption: Dissolve one tablespoon of bleach in a gallon of water and clean the stainless steel. For non-porous surfaces like countertops, sinks, or tile floors: Dissolve one third of a cup of bleach in a gallon of water. For porous surfaces, like wooden floors: Dissolve one and two thirds of a cup of bleach in a gallon of water. After cleaning the surfaces, leave the solution to work for 10 to 20 minutes. After the time period elapses, rinse the surface with clean water. After these two steps, close off the area, and leave it like that for one hour. Leave the windows open, if possible, as breathing in bleach can be hazardous to your health. For areas exposed to feces or vomit contamination there are special cleaning procedures that you should try to follow. This is because the vomit or feces of a person contaminated with norovirus can easily cause you to become infected. To clean the vomit or feces:  Put disposable gloves on. Consider wearing a facemask that covers your mouth and nose as well. Using paper towels, gently clean the vomit and feces. Be careful not to splash or drip while cleaning. Use disposable cloths to clean and disinfect the entire area with chlorine bleach. Use sealed plastic bags to dispose of all the waste materials. If the feces or vomit gets on a carpeted area, there are other steps you can take to make sure that the area is clean and disinfected. To...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Use bleach to clean surfaces. Rinse surfaces with clean water after using bleach. Clean areas exposed to feces or vomit. Clean your carpets. Disinfect clothing.


Chocolate chip cookies are a classic.  Rich and sweet, they taste great with a glass of cold milk.  You can use different kinds of chocolate to mix up the flavor.  Dark chocolate, for instance, has a somewhat bitter edge to it.  Sift 1.25 teaspoons of baking soda, 1.5 teaspoons of salt, 1.5 teaspoons of baking powder, 2 cups minus 2 tablespoons of cake flour, and 1.66 cups of bread flour into a mixing bowl. Cream 1.25 cups of brown sugar, 2.5 sticks of butter, and 1 cup minus 2 tablespoons of granulated sugar together in a mixer with a paddle attachment.  Add a large egg, then another after the first is well-mixed.  Pour 2 teaspoons of vanilla extract into the bowl. Reduce mixer speed to low and pour in the dry ingredients you sifted previously.  Mix them for about five to 10 seconds. Remove the mixer bowl from the mixer.  Slowly add 1.25 pounds of bittersweet chocolate disks.  Mix the disks carefully into the dough and try not to break them. Scoop the dough out onto a sheet of plastic wrap.  Wrap the dough in the plastic wrap carefully and refrigerate for a day or two.  You can use the dough for up to 72 hours. When you’re ready, heat your oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit.  Place parchment paper along a baking sheet and scoop small spoonfuls of dough onto the parchment paper.  The spoonfuls should weigh 3.5 ounces each. If you see any chocolate pieces poking out of the cookies, push them down into the cookie or turn them to a more horizontal orientation. Bake the cookies for about 19 minutes.  Remove and let cool for 10 minutes.  Consume with your friends. As their name implies, sugar cookies are a sweet treat.  You can use cake flour to make lots and lots of sugar cookies.  If you want, you could also add a coat of frosting to your sugar cookies after they’re ready.  Mix 3 cups of cake flour, 3 teaspoons of baking powder, and ½ a teaspoon of salt.  Set aside for the moment.  Place the bowl somewhere safe so it won’t spill. Place 1 cup of sugar and 2 sticks of room-temperature butter in your electric mixer. ...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Make chocolate chip cookies. Bake some sugar cookies. Try some blueberry lemon cookies.


Chocolate is sensitive to temperature changes and will not look or taste the same after it's melted. If overnight or one-day shipping is an option for your package, choose it to ensure that your chocolates stay in their best condition.  As a rule, chocolate doesn't stay in good condition for more than 3 days in the mail.  Avoid shipping chocolates right before a weekend or holiday, as they're likely to sit in a sorting facility for several days. Because chocolate can melt on hot days even with overnight shipping, don't send chocolates during warm seasons. This will give you enough room for cushioning so the chocolates stay cool and intact. If your box is too tight, the chocolate is more likely to overheat.  Avoid shipping chocolates that are not held inside a container, wrapper, or plastic bag. Unwrapped chocolate is more likely to make a mess when shipped. You don't have to be exact with your measurements of the package—approximation is fine. This will keep the container intact while you ship it. Handle the container carefully while wrapping it to avoid breaking the decorations. Try to seal the chocolates as tightly as possible to keep the container secure. Plastic wrap can also protect your chocolates from moisture and help insulate them. Mylar-coated bubble wrap deflects heat and insulates the chocolates to keep them cool. Before placing the chocolates in the box, wrap them in the bubble wrap. After you've put them in, stuff the box with extra bubble wrap if you have room.  Don't use newspaper as padding for chocolate, as it won't provide enough cushioning. If you want to add more padding, try packing peanuts instead.  Fill in all of the extra gaps with a packing material to keep your chocolates secure in the box. Before closing the package, place a mylar layer on top approximately the same length and width as the box. This final layer will help keep your chocolates in place if they are bumped or jostled during the shipping process. Fold the box flaps down and use packing tape to seal the box's seams in...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Purchase overnight shipping for your chocolates, if possible. Pack your chocolate in a box 2-3 times the size of their package. Wrap the chocolates with plastic wrap if it's in a decorative container. Pad the box with mylar bubble wrap. Add a final layer of mylar on top. Seal the box seams tightly.


Choir music is divided into four basic parts: Soprano (C4 to C6), Alto (G3 to F5), Tenor (D3 to A4), and Bass (E2 to E4). Test out your vocal range by playing the notes in those ranges on a piano and sing along to see which part is most comfortable.  Classical voice types are further categorized into parts like Mezzo Soprano, Contralto, and Baritone. If you join a beginners' choir, the director may be able to help you determine which part you can sing. Select the kind of choir would best suit you depending on your age, your level of experience, the type of music you like to sing, and how much time you are able to commit.  World music groups (or natural voice choirs), community choirs, and church choirs tend to be more informal and don't usually require auditions.  Contemporary or classical choirs, gospel choirs, barbershop choirs, and a cappella groups are more advanced and are likely to require auditions.  Children's choirs are a great option for younger singers whose voices don't blend in as well with adult voices. The directing style will also be geared toward children to help them learn and have fun. For some choirs, you may be able to join right away, but for others, you will need to audition. If the director gives you a piece to audition with, find your part and practice it until you feel comfortable. If you're allowed to choose your own piece, find one that suits your vocal range and practice it well for your audition. Select a song within the genre that the choir typically sings.  The director may ask you to do some vocal exercises or scales to test your control and range. They may also want you to demonstrate your sightreading skills and pitch memory.

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Determine which part you can sing. Select and join a choir. Nail your audition.


Choose 2-3 of the warmest places on your body (chest, neck, lower jaw, wrist, forearm, inner elbow, and shoulder) to apply the cologne. If it is your first time wearing cologne, just apply one spray at first to one area then branch out after you get more comfortable and used to wearing cologne. In order to maximize the effects of the fragrance, apply it after a long, warm shower. Your pores will open in the shower, making the scent stronger. Mixing cologne with body odor will make an unpleasant scent, so make sure you are clean before applying. Choose fragrance-free or light scented soap and deodorant. Mixing cologne with strongly scented body soaps and deodorant covers up or alters the smell of the cologne. After spraying the cologne onto your skin, do not rub it in. It might seem like this will help put the scent into your pores, but it will actually break the molecular bond of the cologne. This can weaken the scent and strength of the fragrance. Make sure to apply non-spray cologne carefully without splashing. Take a finger and press it on the opening of the bottle, tip it over gently, and apply it to your skin. Spraying cologne onto your clothes does not allow it to mix with your natural oils, causing you to lose notes of the scent. It might also stain the fabric of your clothes. If you spray the cologne in the air and walk through it, most of the cologne will end up falling to the floor and not onto you. Using too much cologne is overwhelming and can make you repulsive. The type of skin you have can make you more or less susceptible to fragrances clinging to your skin. People with oily skin should be extra careful when applying cologne, but men with dry skin can apply a little extra without it being too strong. Cologne should be stored properly in order to make sure you get the most out of your purchase. In order to make sure your bottle does not go bad, keep it away from heat, light, and oxygen. Optionally, you can even store your bottle of cologne in a refrigerator.

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Apply the cologne to your wrists, chest, and elbows. Apply the cologne after a shower. Spray the perfume 3–6 inches (7.6–15 cm) away from you on dry skin. Only apply the fragrance to your skin and not to your clothes or in the air. Be careful not to apply too much cologne. Store the cologne in a cool and dark room.


Choose 2-4 of your best songs, and then record them using the highest-quality equipment you can manage. Rent studio space and use professional equipment if you can afford it, but remember that a lot of bands record their first demos using smartphones or a home computer outfitted with a decent microphone.  Take the time to edit your demo and make it sound fantastic! Distribute your demo tracks both physically on CD, and online. There are websites that allow you to create an online promo kit, but you will also need a physical promo kit to send out to local venues, radio stations, etc.  Make sure they both have a similar aesthetic and the same information.  Your promo kit should look sleek and professional, and include the following:  An eye-catching over page that includes contact information for your band, and basic details. A band bio.  Include a one-page sheet about the band and its history. Try to tell an interesting story that grabs the reader’s attention. Your demo CD. A band fact sheet that includes your band name, tagline, genre of music, a list of bands you sound like, hometown, when and where you formed, band member names, instrumentation, and other notable facts. Any reviews, press clippings, and nifty quotes about your band that you’ve accumulated. A photo of the band. A list of previous gigs, including dates and venues. Label everything with your band’s name and contact information! The best way to build a local fan base is to play as many shows as you can.  Send your promo kit out to local venues.  Go to shows and network with other bands and venue managers to make yourself known and look for opportunities.  Make sure people know about the shows you book.  Get the word out on your webpage and social media sites. Make sure to show up for any gig you book and put on an awesome show! Even a young band can put a basic merchandise table without spending a ton of money.  Create a cool graphic and have some stickers printed with your band name and contact info.  Get some t-shirts printed at a local...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Record a demo. Create a promo kit. Play gigs. Merch up! Get your music heard!


Choose 8 long, medium-sized willow shoots to serve as the basket's "stakes." These are the vertical pieces that form the structure of the sides of the basket. Use your knife to sharpen the ends of the stakes into points. Insert a stake alongside each of your spokes, pushing each one down into the weave as close to the center as possible.  Bend the stakes upward so that they are pointing toward the sky. Use the hand pruner to trim the spokes back so that they're level with the edge of the weave, then tie the stakes together at their tips to keep them in place. This weave requires three weavers, which are woven among the stakes to set them in position. Find three long, thin shoots. Sharpen the ends into points. Insert the shoots into the base of the basket on the left side of three consecutive stakes. Now do two rows of the weave as follows:  Bend the far left weaver to the right in front of two stakes. Pass it behind the third stake and out to the front. Take the next far left weaver and bend it to the right in front of two stakes. Pass it behind the third stake and out to the front. Continue weaving this way, always starting with the far left weaver, until you have two rows of three rod wale. Untie the stakes at the top. Find 8 long, thin shoots. Use your knife to sharpen the ends into points. Insert one weaver into the basket behind a stake. Bend it over the next stake to the left, pass it behind the stake to the left of that one, and pass it back to the front. Now insert a second weaver behind the stake to the right of the starting point of your first weaver and do the same - pass it over the stake to the left, under the stake to the left of that one, and back to the front. Continue adding weavers this way until there is one weaver next to each stake.  When you insert the last two weavers, you'll need to lift up the first weavers a bit to make room to add the last weavers underneath. Use an awl or a long nail. This type of weaving is called French Randing. It's a popular weave that results in even, upright...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Stake up the basket. Weave two rows of three rod wale. Add weavers to the sides of the basket. Weave the sides. Secure the weave with a row of three rod wale. Finish the rim.


Choose a book that is the same width as the bow you want to make. Place the end of a wide, wired ribbon on the middle of the book's cove. Move the end of the ribbon towards the spine by about ½ to 1 inch (1.27 to 2.54 centimeters). You can also use a CD or DVD case, or even a scrap of cardboard. Keep the ribbon in the same place as you wrap it around the book. This will make your bow look neater in the end. Avoid wrapping the ribbon too tightly, or it will be difficult to slide the bundle off in a later step. You want both ends of the ribbon to be overlapping by ½ to 1 inch (1.27 to 2.54 centimeters). This will help prevent the ribbon from falling apart when you go to tie it together. Try to keep the loops in place so that they are nice and even. Do not lose the middle of your bundle where the ends overlap. Pinch the middle of your bundle first, then wrap a piece of thin wire around the middle. Wrap it tightly so that it creases the ribbon and holds everything together. Don't trim off the excess wire yet. The thin wire that florists use would work great for this. Another option would be one of those twist ties used on trash bags. The ribbon needs to be two and a half times the length you want the ribbons to be. For example, if you want the tails to be 12 inches (30.48 centimeters) long, you want to cut 30 inches (76.2 centimeters) of ribbon. Make sure that the knot is loose so that it doesn't wrinkle on the front part. It's okay if it wrinkles on the back where the ribbons cross over one another. Place the knotted part of the tail ribbon over the center of your bow. Make sure that the smooth part of the knot is facing out, not the crossed part. Wrap the tail ends over to the back of your bow. Hold the tails of the ribbon behind your bow. Pinch them tightly, then wrap the excess wire around them to keep them in place. Trim off any excess wire. Move the loops around to your liking. Use your fingers to make them appear fuller. If the tails of the ribbon are too long, you can trim them down using a sharp pair of...

How would you rephrase that briefly using English?

Place the end of a ribbon on the center of a book's cover. Wrap the ribbon 5 to 9 times around the book. Trim off the excess ribbon, just past the mid-point of the cover. Slide the wrapped bundle off of the book. Wrap a thin wire around the middle of your bundle. Cut ribbon for the tails of your bow. Tie a loose knot in the middle of the tail ribbon. Wrap the tail ribbon around the middle of the bow. Use the excess wire to tie the tail ribbons in place. Fluff and shape the ribbon.