فكر أولًا في كاميرا بسيطة ورخيصة يمكن أن تصور بها بمجرد توجيهها. لمزيد من التحكم، فكر في كاميرا رقمية من فئة SLR. لا تفترض أن ثمن الكاميرا الباهظ أو علامتها التجارية الشهيرة هما دليلان على جودتها. اختر كاميرا تناسب طريقة انتقالاتك. ابحث عن كاميرا لها مقبض يسهّل حملها واستخدامها. احسب تكلفة الكماليات.

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If you want a simple, inexpensive camera with a low learning curve, consider a point and shoot digital camera. These have a viewfinder that's simply a "window" through the camera, rather than an exact image of what the camera will photograph, and may have fewer settings to alter. The picture quality will likely be worse because of this, but there is a wide range of quality in point and shoot cameras, so do not rule them out before you investigate. An SLR digital camera (sometimes referred to as DSLR) provides you with much more creative control. Most of these have both automatic and manual adjustment for lighting and focusing. If you want additional control over the technical aspects of photography, or if you enjoy playing around with color settings and flash, look for digital SLR cameras. Be aware that these are almost always more expensive than point and shoot cameras. SLR stands for "single-lens reflex" and describes the mirror and prism system that sends an accurate image to the viewfinder. Nowadays, most digital cameras of this type have an electronic display, but they are still referred to as SLR or DSLR cameras. Remember that sometimes an inexpensive camera will satisfy your needs better than a more expensive one. Similarly, brand names are sometimes associated with higher quality, but that does not mean a less well known brand won't satisfy you. Judge cameras based on their qualities, not on the hype of a price tag or advertisement. Before you get carried away with the extra features and higher quality of a fancy camera, keep in mind that you'll have to carry the camera away as well. Generally speaking, a small camera is lower quality than a larger one, but the sacrifice may be worth it if you plan to carry the camera on a whirlwind tour of Europe. Consider the case it comes with as well, and how much protection it provides. You may wish to purchase a higher quality case if you are going to be traveling. Soft camera cases are portable and easy to store, while hard camera cases provide better...


فكر إذا ما كنت تريد قطع علاقتك بذلك الصديق حقًا. فكري إن كنتِ تريدين إنهاء علاقة الصداقة بسبب شيء يمكن إصلاحه أو بسبب تغيير جذري في الشخصيات. ابحثي عن إشارات تدل على أن تلك الصداقة سامة. امنح صديقك فرصة كي يتغير.

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Ending a friendship can have a major impact on your life (and theirs), so don’t make a rash decision when you are angry. Instead, take a quiet moment to sit down and list the reasons you are friends with this person, and then list the things that you don't like about the friendship anymore. This will give you some insight on whether or not the friendship can be saved, or if you should end things.  Clearly defining the reasons you want to end the relationship will help you feel confident in your decision and communicate clearly with your friend. It will help you experience closure, a sense that you did what was best for your wellbeing.  Remember that growing apart from people is okay and natural—it doesn’t make either of you bad people. A simple misunderstanding may be the cause of the conflict; your friend might not even know that she’s done something to upset you. It’s also possible you both have just changed and don’t have much of a connection anymore—if you became friends in kindergarten and now you’re teenagers, you may have grown to like and value different things, and not be the most compatible people anymore.  Are you considering ending the friendship because she forgot to come to your big track meet or because she said something rude about your boyfriend? Unless this is part of a larger pattern of behavior, letting her know she hurt you may be enough to fix your friendship. If you feel bored by the friendship or dread spending time with her, it may mean your connection has faded.  If you find you have little in common—you struggle to find things to do together or even things to talk about—then the friendship may have simply run its course.  Is she a compassionate, thoughtful friend who sometimes flakes on your plans or is always late?  Think about whether or not your issues are things you can address with her to save the friendship.  Is your friend is socially anxious, shy or inept? Do you perhaps see a pathway for being someone who can guide your friend through these troubles? A toxic friendship is...


فكر إن كانت كلاب الروت وايلر خيارًا جيدًا. اختر الشراء من مربي حسن السمعة. اختر الجرو الذي تريده. قُم بتطعيم جروك والتخلص من ديدانه نهائيًا. فكر في استخدام شريحة إلكترونية وتعقيم أو خصي جروك.

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Since there are many differences between dog breeds, it's important to determine if a Rottweiler is right for you. As with any breed, Rottweilers have their own distinct personality traits and breed-specific characteristics. The better you understand Rottweilers, the more aware you will be about the potential challenges related to raising a Rottweiler and how to react appropriately. These puppies become large dogs (around 110 pounds as adults) that are fiercely loyal to their owners and initially wary of strangers.  Rottweilers need firm guidance from someone who understand dog psychology and behavior, so it helps to be an experienced dog owner with a history of raising good-natured dogs. The potential owner needs to be honest about whether she possesses these skills. Because of a Rottweiler's physical size, a cross Rottweiler who won't get off the sofa when you ask, is a dangerous Rottweiler. To learn more about Rottweilers, go to local dog shows and talk to breeders and other Rottweiler owners.  Don't forget to check your homeowner's insurance policy. Some insurance policies are void if you get a Rottweiler or any other breed they have labeled as potentially dangerous, even if this labelling is erroneous. If you rent your home, you will need to contact your landlord before adopting a Rottweiler (or any other animal for that manner) to make sure he is welcome. Since there are many Rottweiler breeders, you'll need to take your time to select a quality breeder. Never choose the first breeder you find. Instead, look for a breeder who does all the appropriate health-screenings like the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals screenings for hip, heart, and eye health. To be sure of what you're getting, check for both conformation (show lines) and working ability (Schutzhund or tracking for example) since these show that the puppies look and act like Rottweilers. Ask any potential breeder plenty of questions, especially about early socialization with the mother and litter mates. It is crucial that the puppy is well...


فكر بأحلام وأماني الطفولة التي كانت تراودك. حدد قيمك الشخصية. قم بأفضل اختبار لنفسك. حدد أهدافك الشخصية اطلب النصح من الأشخاص الذين تعتبرهم قدوة بحياتك.

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If you’re struggling to identify your passion, you may want to consider what you enjoyed doing as a child. Make a list of the activities you lived for as a kid, from playing with legos to dressing up dolls. Consider if you would enjoy doing that activity now, but in a different context. If you were really into building with legos, for example, this could indicate your passions might lie in architecture or construction. If you enjoyed dressing up your dolls, this could indicate your passions might be geared more toward fashion or styling. Taking a childhood passion and translating it into a viable job or field of study could lead to a more fulfilling career and a more full life. Your personal values are your core principle beliefs or the ideas that are the most important to you. Determining your personal values can help you determine if you are passionate about your job, your field of study, or even your relationships. You can ask yourself some guiding questions to help identify your personal values:  Consider two individuals you respect or admire. Why do you admire them? What characteristics do they embody that you admire or appreciate? If you could change or shift one thing in your community, what would you change and why? What world issue would you change if you could? What issues or problem get you the most charged in conversation with others? Consider a moment that was satisfying to you or made you feel good. Identify that moment and consider why you felt so satisfied in that moment. Look over your answers to these questions and try to identify any themes or common ideas. These principles, beliefs, and ideas are likely some of your personal values. You can then use your personal values to help you determine your priorities in life and how these priorities can shape your passions in your career, your schooling, and your relationships. Your “best possible future self” is a personalized representation of your goals and the future you envision for yourself. Doing a best possible self exercise can help you...


فكر بجدية في دورك في عملية التسلط. لاحظ ميولك للتسلط. تعلم الحكم بشكل صادق على نقاط قوتك وضعفك.

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Sometimes you may be at the receiving end of bossing or nagging due to things you've done. This isn't to excuse any manipulatively controlling behavior. Rather, it's about keeping things in perspective and acknowledging that there may be times when you have exasperated someone! Be honest in your self-assessment if you really want to get to the heart of the bossing. Here are some things to consider:  Have you done anything (or failed to do something) that may have provoked the controlling attitude? For example, if you fail to meet deadlines regularly or you never clean up your room, you shouldn't be surprised if someone responsible either for your upbringing or your pay-check gets a little bossy with you. Bossy people can often ramp up their bossiness in face of what they perceive as unhelpful. In particular, bossy people find passive-aggressive behavior similar to a red rag to a bull — it simply causes them to become even more controlling because they're frustrated at the underhanded response. It is better to be open with your discontent and to assert yourself than to seek the undermine the bossy person. Nobody is a saint when it comes to being bossy — each of us has a tendency to boss others around at different times in life. It may be when you know something in great detail, it may be because you're in a position of authority, or you may just feel a little pushier than usual due to anxiety or pressure, but there will be times in your life when you get bossy. Use your memory of this experience to help you understand the constantly bossy person a little better and perhaps see the reason behind their behavior. Try to be more sensitive to other people when you feel the bossy trigger — notice their reactions. In doing so, you learn a lot about handling the emotions controlling people feel a lot of the time. You can possibly do this by discussing the matter (privately) with a third, uninvolved party. Be sure to choose someone who can be trusted with the information, who understands how to deal with similar...


فكر بطريقة إيجابية. كن فخورًا. كن شغوفًا. حفز نفسك بشكل داخلي. واجه مخاوفك.

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. Feeling negative can actually cause goals to seem less achievable and like mountains to climb when, in a more positive mindset, the same goal can seem more manageable. In one set of studies, causing people to be a sad mood literally led them to overestimate how steep a hill was compared to those in happy or neutral affective states.  If you find yourself thinking negative thoughts, try stopping by changing what you are thinking about, or casting it into a new positive light. For example, if you are struggling with motivation to write and have the negative thought “I’ll never finish my book, I’m still only on chapter 3 after a year” try replacing the thought with a more positive spin, like, “I’m 3 chapters into my book, if I continue to write, I’ll double that, and then soon after I could have completed my book!”  Try smiling even if you do not feel like it. Research on the facial feedback hypothesis suggests that there is a bi-directional relationship between the facial muscles and subjective feelings such that, although typically we feel happy so we smile, smiling can also cause us to feel happier.   Try listening to positive music. Positive music can put us in a happier mindset and increase positive feelings. If you are currently struggling with motivation but have had some success with your goals in the past, take a moment to feel pride about your past accomplishments on that goal. Even if you don’t yet have any successes under your belt in the specific area you are trying to be motivated in, you surely have been successful at something in the past that you can feel proud of. By feeling proud of yourself you will be more likely to remain motivated, especially when times get tough.  Do not shame or avoid getting proud of the things that you have. For example, maybe you helped someone achieve a goal of their own by offering helpful advice or offering your services to them. Don't be embarrassed to take credit for what you've done. You know you've worked hard, and getting praise from other people can...


فكر بطريقة تنموية. فكر بطريقة واقعية. فكر بطريقة إيجابية. اتخذ قدوة من الآخرين واحصل على الإلهام. تحمل مسؤولية نفسك وأفعالك.

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Believe that you can work hard to improve your ability and skill level. Take mistakes and criticism and learn from them. Do not believe that abilities are fixed or unchangeable. Adopting a growth mindset leads to improved performance and motivation in a number of contexts.  Reframe “failure” as a learning experience. You will undoubtedly make mistakes and experience setbacks on your quest to realize your full potential. However, thinking about these in terms of what you can learn from them to take into the future will keep them from holding you back from progress. For example, if “become a writer” is how you want to achieve your full potential, you will need to realize that there are many challenges you’ll have to overcome to accomplish it. Don’t beat yourself up for these challenges. If, for example, a novel you submit is rejected, don’t take it as proof that you’re a failure and should stop pursuing your goal. Some of the 20th century’s biggest writers were rejected many times at first. Margaret Mitchell’s Gone With the Wind was rejected 38 times. Frank Herbert’s Dune was rejected 23 times. J.K. Rowling’s first Harry Potter book was rejected 12 times. These authors finally succeeded because they had a growth mindset, and continually improved their work until it found a home. It’s important to realize that achieving your full potential will not happen overnight. Keep your expectations realistic. For example, if you want to eventually become President of the United States, it won’t happen in a few months or even a few years. You’ll probably need to run for a smaller public office, become a Senator or Representative for a few years, and raise a lot of funds to campaign before you even get to the election. This doesn’t mean you shouldn’t set your goals high; it means you have to keep your focus realistic and your expectations achievable as you work toward those goals.  Focusing on your smaller objectives and tasks as you work toward your overall goals will help you keep yourself motivated and energized. You’ll...


فكر خارج الصندوق. كن شخصًا لا يمكن التنبؤ به. تذكر مبادلة المشاعر والتصرفات.

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Try to be more creative and think outside the box.  Your love interest is attracted to your mysterious demeanor, and creativity is a sign of a confident, mysterious person.  Creativity shows that you can be playful and disciplined and that you view the world from a unique perspective.  Share that uniqueness with the object of your affection to maintain the mystery.  Creativity doesn’t just mean artistic.  You might not have an artistic bone in your body and that’s just fine.  Be creative with your answers to people, your solutions to problems, or even how you spend time with your partner. For example, rather than suggesting dinner and a movie, be creative and take your partner to a place they’ve never been, like a state park, for a picnic and bring a book of your favorite poems to read with them. Being unpredictable lends to your mysterious demeanor.  This doesn’t mean that you should act of character with your love interest or confuse them.  Even worse, hurt their feelings.  Being unpredictable simply means defying your own routines and patterns every now and then.  This will demonstrate that there are still some secrets up your sleeve and keep it interesting.  For example, if you always grab a coffee on your way to work, decide to go for a jog instead one day. Or, if you always wait for your love interest to call you, surprise them with a phone call. Your love interest is attracted to you and perhaps you’ve taken your relationship to another level.  Remember, you can be mysterious and still reciprocate feelings and interest.  People tend to feel more attracted to those who they feel are attracted to them, so reciprocate their interest in you. For example, you can still be mysterious and bring your love interest flowers or send a simple text that says, “thinking of you.” Small gestures mean a lot, especially from a mysterious person.


فكر في أفكارٍ إيجابية. جد المكان الذي يجعلك سعيدًا. امتلك الثقة أثناء الابتسامة. تجنب الشعور بالذات أثناء الحديث من الناس.

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A genuine smile comes from genuine happiness. Studies on what makes people happy reveal that it doesn't have much to do with material goods or high achievement; it seems to whittle down to your outlook on life. In other words, try to how to Be Optimistic and real smiles will appear on your face throughout the day.  Think about who has the most genuine smiles: kids! They don't worry as much as adults because life is less complicated for them. Try to follow their lead and be laid back and playful! Try not to force yourself to smile unless you're really feeling happy. Stop being a people-pleaser. If you constantly smile in order to be polite and agreeable, you're tightly controlling your countenance and not giving your Duchenne smile much of a chance to shine through. A real smile arises from your own personal joy, not someone else's. When you're in a situation that's not making you feel cheerful, but you don't want to appear as though you're having a bad time, you've got to find your happy place. Think of something that makes you want to jump for joy, something that brings a smile to your face without fail. This exercise will help you recognize what really makes you happy. Look in the mirror and cover everything below your eyes with a handkerchief or similar. Then start thinking or talking out loud about your happiest memories. Smile as you do so. You'll notice that at some points, your eyes "twinkle" and you get "crows' feet" wrinkles near your temples. There's your Duchenne smile! The closest you're ever going to get to smiling with your eyes on command is to channel your happiest memories and let your face do the rest. If you're preoccupied with the color or straightness of your teeth, the prominence of your gums, the smell of your breath, and so on, you might subconsciously stifle your smile because you feel embarrassed. Taking care of the issues that distract you from fully smiling will help you have a brighter and more genuine smile.  Look into whitening your teeth and getting rid of bad breath to take...


فكر في احتمالية إصابتك بأنفلونزا. فكر في عامل السن. تذكر إصابات الجيوب الأنفية المؤخرة.

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The flu is caused by a viral infection. If the flu is going around your office or place of work, remember it's highly contagious. If you've interacted with people with the flu recently, there is a good chance your symptoms are caused by the flu. Keep in mind that there are treatment options for the flu if you are diagnosed and your symptoms started within two days of being diagnosed. Make sure to contact your doctor's office about your symptoms during flu season. Younger children are more prone to certain viral infections. Upper respiratory infections specifically are more common in younger children. If your child is displaying symptoms like a sore throat, sneezing, and coughing, they may have an upper respiratory infection. If you believe your child has an upper respiratory infection, take them to see a doctor. Sometimes, bacteria can start as a viral infection and morph into a bacterial one. If you recently had some kind of viral infection, such as a sinus infection, you may have developed a secondary bacterial infection. If you have had two illnesses close to one another, you may be more likely to have a bacterial infection. In some cases, other viral infections could lead to a bacterial infection. Any illness that lingers for more than a couple of weeks should be evaluated by a doctor.


فكر في استخدام آلة لف السجائر.

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. This simple labor-saving device makes it much easier to roll joints and cigarettes if you don't have the dexterity to do it by hand. Buy a cigarette roller online or at a smoke shop. Follow these steps to use the roller:


فكر في الاحتفاظ به لمشروع لاحق. ابحث عن برامج إعادة تدوير الدهان في مجتمعك. تخلص من الدهان إذا لم تستطع إعادة تدويره. أعد تدوير علب الدهان الفارغة.

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Latex paint can be stored for up to a year and then mixed and reused for a later project. It won't be the exact color you need, but it's useful to use as a base paint or to paint interior surfaces that won't be seen. This way, you can use up all the paint without needing to throw it away.  Tightly seal the used paint can and store it upside-down in a cool, dry storage area. Make sure the stored paint is out of reach of children and pets. If you want to use the exact same color again, make sure to write the paint formula down in permanent marker on the paint can lid. If you don't have use for your leftover paint, someone else might. Look up community paint recycling programs in your area. Waste haulers, schools, and municipalities often have programs to collect paint, mix it, and use it on community projects. If you don't have use for the paint and can't find a paint recycling program, dispose of the paint by placing it in a plastic container filled with kitty litter or paper scraps, letting it dry, and throwing it away with the trash. Latex paint is not considered toxic waste, so it doesn't have to be taken to a toxic waste site.  Never pour paint into a drain. It can damage your pipes and it isn't good for the water supply. Don't pour paint into the ground. This is hazardous to the soil. If you need to get rid of a lot of latex paint you may want to consider purchasing waste paint hardener.  A cup or so of this powder mixed in with a gallon of paint will cause it to harden up within hours. Let the empty paint cans dry completely, then recycle them with other metals. If you have an inch or more of dried paint left in the bottom of the can, you'll have to throw the whole can in the trash.


فكر في الحلول السابقة. فكّر في الاختيارات التي أمامك. قرر منهج عمل ونفِّذه. ضع خطة بديلة. امنع الأخطاء في المستقبل.

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One of the best ways to solve a problem or mistake is to identify how you have solved similar problems or mistakes in the past. Think thoughts such as, "I have remembered things in the past, how did I do that? Oh yeah, I wrote them down in my calendar and checked it several times a day!" Make a list of similar mistakes you've made. Identify how you dealt with each mistake and if it benefited you or not. If it didn't then it probably won't work. Think of as many possible ways to fix the mistake as you can. In the current example, there are many options: you could clean the bathroom, apologize, offer to clean another part of the house, negotiate, plan to do it the following day, etc.  Use your problem-solving skills to think of possible solutions to your current issue. Create a pros and cons list for each possible solution. For example, if you identified that one possible solution to your issue of forgetting to clean the bathroom is to make sure to clean it tomorrow, a pros and cons list might look like this: Pros - the bathroom will get clean eventually, Cons - it will not be clean today, I might forget tomorrow (I can't completely ensure that it will get done), it doesn't help to solve my problem of forgetting to clean the bathroom. Based on this assessment, it may be better to clean the bathroom the same day if possible, and develop a plan to remember to clean it in the future. In order to fix the problem you must have a plan. Identify the best possible solution based on the past and available options and commit to carrying it out. Follow through. If you make a promise to fix the problem, do it. Being dependable is important in building trust with others and forming lasting relationships. No matter how foolproof the plan is, there is a possibility it won’t fix the issue. For example, you may clean the bathroom but the person who asked you to clean it could still be upset with you. Identify other possible solutions and write them down from most helpful to least helpful. Go down the list from top to bottom....


فكر في الخضوع لاختبارات تكميلية. اخضع لاختبار سبر الحمض المتنقّل لمدة 24 ساعة. اخضع لاختبار تصوير الجهاز الهضمي العلوي بالصبغة.

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Your doctor may need additional information about your condition to properly treat your acid reflux. Other tests are sometimes done to evaluate people with acid reflux and related problems, in addition to the mandatory diagnostic testing.   The two most common tests done to confirm a diagnosis of acid reflux, or to explore problems with similar symptoms, include a 24 hour pH probe exam and an upper GI series. These procedures are helpful in diagnosing related conditions, such as peptic ulcer disease, and in monitoring the progress of treatment interventions. Once treatment has been started for acid reflux, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Often this can be done by monitoring symptoms, but sometimes repeating a procedure to compare the results is the most effective way. The 24 hour pH probe exam is used to confirm the diagnosis of acid reflux disease in people that have acid reflux symptoms that are not the most common ones, and if the results of the endoscopy were not conclusive.  It is also used to determine the effectiveness of some treatments, and to find the cause of other problems like nighttime coughing or hoarseness. The test measures the pH of the esophagus over a 24 hour period. This helps your doctor to know if acid is in the esophagus when it shouldn't be. Your doctor will provide you with complete instructions on how to prepare for the test. Commonly instructions recommend no food or water for 2 hours before the procedure. During the procedure, a numbing medication will be placed in your nasal passages to make the insertion of the tube more comfortable. Once the tube is in place, it will be taped down against your face and nose to keep it in place. A small carrying case/backpack that contains a recording unit is attached to the tube. You will also be given a diary to record specific details of symptoms, when you eat or drink, and other information you doctor needs to know. The recording unit collects data for 24 hours. This information will be correlated with your diary...


فكر في الذهاب لأخصائي نفسي. اطلب المساعدة من أفراد عائلتك. اسأل طبيبك المختص أو طبيب نفسي عام عما إذا كان إدمانك يشير إلى وجود مشكلة صحية. ابحث عن مجموعات لمناقشة قضايا المراهقين. تعامل مع انتكاساتك بلطف.

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A mental health professional will be able to give you additional tools to cope with the difficulties of overcoming the addiction. If you decide to go see a therapist, you will not be judged or scolded for having a problem. As a matter of fact, the more honest you are about the details of your problem, the more your therapist will be able to help you. A major benefit of therapy is that you will get a chance to deal with pain from your past that may be contributing to the root cause of your addiction. Asking for help can be embarrassing, especially because of the nature of the addiction. But, asking for help really shows that you have the strength and capability of spotting and solving problems in your life. If you want to avoid describing the details of why you need help, ask to be referred to a therapist by saying something vague, like "I haven't been feeling like myself lately" or "I feel disconnected from everyone". If you do not feel comfortable asking your parents, try asking your school counselor or another trusted adult. In some cases, an addiction to pornography can be the result of a hormone imbalance that ramps up your sex drive. If you feel like your compulsion to use is totally unaffected by all the steps you have taken to recover, you could have an underlying problem that a doctor can help you diagnose. Many other teens deal with porn addictions, and joining a support group will help you realize that you are not alone. This is especially important since the secrecy involved in porn addiction is one of the elements that keep the problem going strong. A group will help you be accountable for your goals and have a place to share stories, successes, and detailed coping tips. Try a local 12-step group for overcoming addictions; Sex Addicts Anonymous and Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous are both groups that welcome people with pornography addictions. There are also many online groups you can join if you are unable to attend in-person meetings. It's understandable to be disappointed if you relapse into...


فكر في الطريقة التي تعاملت بها وأسهمت فى قلة الصبر تلك. ضع في الاعتبار صفاتك غير المحببة. حاول أن تتعاطف. امتنع عن جعل التعجل يؤثر عليك.

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Sometimes, people demonstrate their worst traits around us because we unwittingly provoke them. Are you always turning in assignments late or asking for additional time? Your own “I’ve got all the time in the world”, laid-back attitude could be contributing to this person’s edginess. Do you need to change?  While your laid-back approach to life may be a part of your charm, it can be frustrating for co-workers or friends who are depending on you. It might be time to think about how you can work on being more mindful of their needs as well. This can be as simple as opening up better lines of communication so they know you are open to change. We all have tendencies that may seem annoying to others. Just as you hope those around you accept you for you, the same is true for accepting the best and worst of those around you.  You may have to get used to people getting impatient if communication isn’t your strong point. A big part of becoming impatient is often the unknown, so if you find those around you becoming a little short it might be useful to figure out why this is happening to you specifically.  If you find in the work place or at home there are certain people who are almost always impatient with you, try asking them for feedback about what makes this happen. If they see you as being disorganized for example, ask them for feedback to take small steps to change that. This can go a long way to not only change your behavior but also tells them you are open to doing better. Empathy really means stepping into the other person’s shoes to see how they might view the situation. Instead of having an emotional response about their impatience, stop to think about where it could be coming from and consider the other person’s role in the task or situation. A big part of empathy can be tied to clearly understanding how your part of the assignment or task at hand affects others. For example, if your coworkers have to wait for your part of a report to start theirs, it might make sense that they are impatient if they do not...


فكر في العلاج النفسي. تفهم خيارات العلاج. استكشف خيارات الأدوية.

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While it is possible to defeat your addiction to stealing on your own with a great deal of determination, it may also be helpful to consider treatment. The best form of help will be counseling with a psychologist or a psychiatrist. Therapy combined with medication can be effective in treating kleptomania or compulsive stealing. Be reassured that therapy for kleptomania/compulsive stealing can be very successful in helping you to overcome this disorder, but also remember the outcome depends on how badly you want it and how much you are willing to work for it! The most common forms of therapy for stealing include: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Psychodynamic treatment, and Group therapy/12-step programs. CBT helps people change their thinking in order to change their feelings and behaviors. DBT is focused on teaching individuals distress tolerance, emotion regulation, interpersonal effectiveness, and mindfulness. Psychodynamic interventions look into your past and upbringing in order to identify the causes of problems and find ways to solve current issues. 12-step programs focus on addictions to substances, but there are also 12-step programs for stealing in particular.  You can discuss these options with a mental health professional. There are also ways you can explore these types of therapy on your own through self-help measures. For example, CBT involves changing your thoughts in order to change you feelings and behaviors. Several medications have been indicated in the treatment of kleptomania including Prozac and Revia. Consult a psychiatrist for additional information or to discuss psychotropic options.


فكر في الغرض من الصلاة. استشر مُعلمك الديني أو صديقك الموثوق. اختر مكانًا جيدًا للصلاة. وفر ما يلزم من معدات ضرورية أو تساعد في أداء الصلاة. أقِم صلاتك فردًا أو جماعة.

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Before you begin, think about what you will pray about. What are the things in your life that trouble you? What are you thankful for? How do you want to bring God into your life? What questions do you have? These are things which you may want to pray on. Knowing what to say ahead of time will make you feel more clear and comfortable when you go to pray. After you've thought about some of the things you'd like to talk to God about, consult with your priest, imam, rabbi, or a friend or family member whom you trust. Ask them what they think God might be able to help you with and what they think about your concerns and questions. They may open your eyes to questions and answers which you had never thought of. Once you are ready to pray, you will need to find an appropriate place and time to pray to God. This should be a quiet place where you can devote a good amount of time and concentration to your conversation with God, to show him your devotion. However, if you feel the need to pray quickly and in a less than ideal situation, go right ahead. You do not need to be anywhere special for God to hear you. He will understand your distress and cares only that you love him in your heart and try to follow him. You may want to have certain items when you pray, such as candles, a bible, the remains of a loved one, or other items which are significant to you. Have these available and respectfully placed. You will want to decide if you feel it is better to pray on your own or with others. Different faiths stress different methods but you should not feel constrained by the normal conventions of your denomination. Do what you feel is right in your heart, whether that means singing your prayers in a church full of people or facing Qibla alone in a corner.


فكر في القسمة باعتبارها عكس الضرب. دون مسألة القسمة التي لديك. انتبه لباقي القسمة.

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If 4 x 4 = 16, then 16 / 4 = 4. Divide the number to the left of the division symbol, or the divisor, into the first number under the division symbol. Since 6 / 2 = 3, you'll write 3 on top of the division symbol. Multiply the number on top of the division symbol by the divisor. Bring the product down under the first number under the division symbol. Since 3 x 2 = 6, then you'll bring a 6 down. Subtract the 2 numbers that you've written. 6 - 6 = 0. You can leave the 0 blank also, since you don't usually start a new number with 0. Bring the second number that is under the division symbol down. Divide the number that you brought down by the divisor. In this case, 8 / 2 = 4. Write 4 on top of the division symbol. Multiply the top right number by the divisor and bring the number down. 4 x 2 = 8. Subtract the numbers. The final subtraction equals zero, which means that you have finished the problem. 68 / 2 = 34. Some divisors won't divide evenly into other numbers. When you've finished your final subtraction, and you have no more numbers to bring down, then the final number is your remainder.


فكر في المساومة. اعتذر. وضّح أسبابك. تجنب تقديم اعتذارات متعددة. تحل بالأدب والتهذيب. تجنب الرفض غير الواضح. امنح لنفسك بعض الوقت إذا ما احتجته. اقترح خطة بديلة على صديقك. حاول أن تُجمل رفضك بكلمة "لا" ببعض الموافقات الإيجابية. جرّب الاعتماد على الردود المُتعاطفة.

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If you don't want to hang out with your friend because they suggested something that you do not want to do or that you don't have time to do (e.g., hanging out the entire weekend), try compromising. You could let your friend know that you want to make plans but can't do the particular plan he suggested.  For example, if he wants to spend the whole weekend together but you're only free on Saturday, try suggesting something you both like to do that could be done on a Saturday. Is there a new movie out that you both want to see? That's one idea for a compromise; going to the movies can be fun and only takes a few hours. Tell your friend that you are sorry that you can't make plans this time. Be sure to offer a sincere apology if maintaining the friendship is important to you.  To offer a sincere apology, don't breeze past it; take your time saying sorry and give your friend your full attention when you are speaking. Here is an example of how to sincerely apologize to your friend: "I'm really sorry, I'd love to make plans with you but I just really can't this time. Again, sorry about that but let's re-visit this soon so we can work something else out." If the reason is something you feel comfortable sharing with your friend (i.e., it is not too personal), be sure to let him know why you can't make plans this time.  If you do not wish to share the reason, you can use something more vague such as "I'm just really swamped this weekend" or "my life is a bit crazy right now so I can't this weekend" or "thanks for the invite, and sorry, but I just really need some alone time to recuperate this weekend". Whatever you do, if you are going to give a specific excuse, make sure it is legitimate to avoid looking like a liar or a flake.  Examples of legitimate excuses include you already having other plans, you being busy with something else in your life, and you being very tired from the week and needing some down time or alone time. If you are letting your friend know why you can't make plans with him, keep it concise....


فكر في المكان الذي ستلتقي بها فيه. اذهب إليها وقل مرحبًا وأخبرها أنك تريد التحدث. ابدأ الحوار معها. أخبرها أنك مسرور برؤيتها. اسألها عن أحوالها. اسألها أسئلة متابعة. أخبرها عن أشياء مشوقة حدثت لك. اسألها ما إن كان بالإمكان الخروج معًا من جديد. ركز على ردة فعلها. تابعها بإرسال رسالة نصية لها.

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Maybe you are not trying to go out of your way to see your crush, but you share a friend group and want to be friendly and cool with them- you can use these steps to help create a good connection with them. Or if you want to get into contact with your old crush and you can’t or don’t want to contact them directly, hang out with the mutual friends you have, and go to events they will probably be at.  You can call your friends and ask them about the events and parties that are coming up and then attend those events. Or if you know they go to certain church activities, for example, you can start attending those activities again. Don’t use your friends to get to your crush. For example, when you hang out with your friends, be there to have a good time with them first, and consider seeing your crush second. That way if it doesn’t work out, you will still have a good time, and you won’t mistreat your friends. When you first see each other, make sure you acknowledge them. If you see them across the room, give them a smile, and a friendly wave or greeting. If it doesn’t seem like a good time to talk, tell them “It is great to see you! I want to talk to you. Can you give me a minute?” You can finish doing what you are doing, and let them finish doing what they are doing, too.  Giving yourself a minute will help you compose yourself and can add a good element of anticipation for your conversation. Think about an interesting topic of conversation or something that you can ask them about as an ice breaker before you walk up and talk to them. For example, you can make an observation about the party you are at by saying something like, “I like that they really made sure that all of our chip needs are met at this party.” Then gesture to a table covered in 10 different types of chips. Once they are free to talk, start a conversation. If you are somewhere where it is difficult to talk, ask them, “Do you want to find a better place to talk?” Look for somewhere quiet and relaxed where you sit down and catch up uninterrupted. If...


فكر في الموقف العصيب في حياتك. افصل الأفكار السلبية. تقبل تلك الأفكار السلبية. قم بزيارة طبيب.

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Try to find a difficult situation in your life that you may have recently encountered.  You will use this example to better learn how you approach stressful situations, how you think of them, and then change your approach to improve self-esteem.  Pay careful attention to your thoughts about the situation. Take note of any negative thoughts as you do this exercise. Once you have identified negative thoughts in regards to any chosen stressful situation, you can start to detach from them.  The main goal is to realize that they are ultimately just words and that you can step back and simply watch them without identifying with them.  Try writing your negative thoughts down, with you opposite hand or imagine them written on another object.  This is to help you realize them as being something you can watch, removed from yourself. View your negative thoughts as something you can detach from. One way to stop negative thoughts' power over you when you recognize they are running through your head is to simply say, "STOP!" until they do stop. Remind yourself that you have learned ways of thinking in the past that are harmful, and you're learning new ways of thinking. Then replace with positive thoughts. After you are able to detach from your negative thoughts, you can step beck and let them happen without being swept up with them.  Realize that you are able to control how you think and approach these negative thoughts, without them needing to be controlled or fought against.  By letting negative thoughts pass by without engaging them, they will lose power over you. Recognizing negative thoughts will allow you to let them go and replace them with positive ones. You may still have negative thoughts, but they needn't have you. While you can practice the basic techniques of acceptance and commitment therapy on your own, working with a therapist can ensure you get the most out of your efforts.  Your therapist will work directly with you, customizing the process of acceptance and commitment therapy to your own needs. A...


فكر في الهوايات، أو الأنشطة، أو الأغراض التي تنفق فيها المال كل شهر. راجع إنفاقك الربع السنوي (أي خلا الثلاثة أشهر الماضية). لا تتخلص من الإيصالات. استخدم برنامج تخطيط الميزانية من أجل تقييم إنفاقك.

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When you are not living within your means, the first thing to examine are things that you do not really need. Unlike fixed expenses (essentials like rent, utilities, and other payments) which remain the same each month, discretionary expenses are nonessential and are easier to cut back on.   Ask yourself: Am I spending too much money on these discretionary expenses? Are you finding it difficult to pay bills because of going on vacation, for instance? Or do you really need the designer shoes or the latest gaming system? Check for things you do not use. This may mean a gaming site subscription you have not used in months, or a gym you do not go to, or cancelling cable because you watch everything online. There are admittedly a few grey areas, such as a gym membership or a nice wardrobe that may be necessary for your professional career. These may not need cutting, but worth scrutinizing. Look at your credit card and bank statements as well as cash expenditures to see where your money goes. Take note of even little things like a coffee, a postage stamp, or a meal on the go.  You may be surprised by how much you end up spending in just one week or in one month. If possible, look at data compiled over the course of a year. Most financial planners would review entire year of expenditures before making recommendations. Discretionary expenses can end up taking up a large percentage of your pay cheque or allowance. Recording them will give you a sense of where you can cut back on your spending. Take note of how much you spend on wants versus needs (for example, drinks at a bar versus groceries for the week). Figure out what percentage of your expenses are fixed versus discretionary. Fixed expenses remain the same each month, while discretionary expenses are malleable. This is a good way to track how much you spend on certain things every day. Rather than toss your receipts, keep them so you can record exactly how much you spent on an item or a meal. This way, if you end up overspending for the month, you can pinpoint...


فكر في تسلسل قصصي للعبة يتماشي مع الموقع والموضوع اللذيْن اخترتهما. قسّم القصة على أجزاء تسلسلية. ارسم مُخططًا انسيابيًا لأجزاء القصة. تأكد من كون كل جزء من القصة يقود إلى الجزء التالي.

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A storyline will help ensure there's a purpose to the escape room. Maybe your players have to get out of the room in order to deliver top secret intel - or they might have to break into a room in order to successfully "diffuse a bomb." Whatever the storyline, make sure it's easily digestible to the guests. Whether your main storyline is simple or complex, you want to make sure each piece will be doable. Try writing one sentence for each part of the storyline to ensure it doesn't get too complicated. For example, for the beginning of a story you could write, "The players wake up in a room. They see a big poster in front of them with letters and numbers. They solve the puzzle and find out they are in the year 3015." Use sticky notes and a poster or a powerpoint presentation to outline what the players will be doing at each step of the story. Write your one-sentence descriptions on separate post-its, and organize them somewhere you can see.  For example, if the players have to unlock a door in order to escape one room, decide how many clues and puzzles they have to solve along the way and how long they will take. If the players are supposed to find a key, you could require them to gather clues from around the room to spell out the key's location. If you're planning an exceptionally large escape room, or will have many guests, you could have a flowchart that forks at one point -- as long as everything comes together nicely at the end. After the players solve each puzzle, make sure there are instructions or another clue left that leads them to the next piece of the story.  If the players successfully unlock a box, place clues and information inside the box that will lead them to the next challenge and puzzle. Keep in mind the plot of the story, tying together the beginning, middle, climax, and resolution.


فكر في دوافع الطرف الآخر وأسبابه. حاول معالجة الموقف. اختر عدم الاهتمام دون أن تكون فاقدًا للاهتمام. عش حياتك لنفسك.

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Sometimes it is more difficult to deal with someone who doesn’t even seem to know or care you exist, as opposed to someone who seems directly interested in being hurtful.  Take time to think about possible reasons for their seeming indifference toward you.  Modern technology has brought us the dreaded “person-who-never-texts-me-back,” and this version of being ignored can be quite frustrating to some.  Consider, however, whether this thoughtless person may just in fact be very busy with work, family, or something else, or simply not a gung-ho texter like you.  Sometimes, what appears to be indifference is really just the result of a misunderstanding.  Maybe your grandmother doesn’t seem to care about your acting on your dream to become an internet entrepreneur because she has no idea what it is you are doing (and thus how important it is to you), even though you explained it to her. Before turning a blind eye to someone who seems to be doing the same to you, think about ways to resolve the situation favorably for both parties.  Raise your concerns tactfully.  Don’t accuse or blame the person (“You’re a phony,” or “You’re self-centered and inconsiderate”).  Instead, let them know how you feel. For instance, say “I feel unimportant to/ignored by you” or “I’m sad you’re not interested in friendship with me.”  If necessary, however, establish your limits:  “I’m going to stop initiating contact with you.”  The other person may not respond favorably even to a tactful approach; if so, remain calm and reiterate your view, then let things end at that.  Feel secure that you have done what you can. Not caring what someone else thinks (or doesn’t think) about you requires a conscious decision and ongoing effort on your part.  Not caring, however, is not the same thing as being uncaring.  You can stop being concerned about someone’s actions or views without losing your compassion for their well-being as a fellow person.  You’re doing what you need to for the benefit of your own health and well-being, not to harm or punish...


فكر في عرضك على أنه قصة. اجعل شرائحك صورية قدر الإمكان. اطلب انتباه الجمهور للنقاط الأساسية. ضمن الفكاهة. جد طرقًا لجعل عرضك تفاعليًا. ضع طبيعة جمهورك في اعتبارك.

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As you write, instead of organizing your presentation by topics and subtopics, organize it along a story arc. Start by setting the stage, then pull your audience into a tale with an exciting climax. It may help to start your presentation with a question or a dilemma so they feel involved from the start.  Have a clear through line that runs through all parts of your presentation, leading to your main point. Include stories that put your listeners into a situation. Get their energy with tactile details (sound, sight, smell, taste, touch) and descriptions of an emotional state. Include moments of reflection in which you share how you felt or feel. Avoid bullet points that explain everything you are going to say. Instead, present charts, graphs, photos, or illustrations that only you can explain. This way, your audience remains focused on  you. Before you deliver something you want the audience to pay attention to, alert them of this. If you can, make your audience feel as if they have a stake in whether or not they get your point. Say something like, "now this is where we lose a lot of people" or, "this is one of the parts that's the most difficult to explain." Make jokes and tell funny anecdotes. Try leading your audience up to a point that sounds as if it will be serious, technical, or even dangerous, and then surprise them with a joke. If your presentation has a lot of data, you might transition between topics with funny visuals.  As always with humor in a work setting, remember that humor varies widely between cultures. Avoid making any jokes that make fun of anybody's sex, gender, race, class, or ability. Remember to "punch up"—if your jokes take someone on, take on someone with more power than you, rather than less. If you get nervous, try starting your presentation with a simple joke or a funny story. It will put you and your audience at ease. If you are working with a small crowd, you can talk directly to members of the audience. Ask someone to tell a joke to get you warmed up, or quiz audience members...


فكر في مواجهة الفوبيا التي تعاني منها. ضع مقياسًا للقلق الذي تشعر به. اكتب مخاوفك. خذ خطوات تدريجية. اركب السيارة مع سائقين تثق بهم. ألزِم نفسك بتعلم قيادة السيارات.

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You've probably been told that you need to face your fear. Exposing yourself to the fear is especially important if you've been avoiding driving for fear that you'll have a panic attack. Exposure therapy remains one of the most important ways to get over a phobia, although you should know and be able to use relaxation techniques before you start. This way, you'll have some sense of control during the session. Avoiding your phobia will actually make the fear worse over time and can create other phobias. Become familiar with your anxiety levels so you can take action before you reach a full-scale panic attack. Having a scale of anxiety will also help you know when to stop exposure before you reach moderate panic. Your scale should describe the physical and mental characteristics of anxiety. An example scale might look like this:  0 - Fully Relaxed: no tension, calm, feeling peaceful 1  - Minimal Anxiety: feeling slightly nervousness, more alert or aware 2 - Mild Anxiety: muscle tension, tingling or butterflies in the stomach 3- Moderate Anxiety: heart and breathing increase, feeling slightly uncomfortable but still in control 4 - Marked Anxiety: clear muscle tension, increased feelings of being uncomfortable, starting to wonder about staying in control 5- Beginning Panic: heart is starting to race or beat irregularly, dizziness, clear fear of losing control, wanting to escape 6 - Moderate Panic: heart palpitations, difficulty breathing, feeling disoriented 7 to10 - Full Panic Attack: feelings of terror, fear of dying, and increased feelings of moderate panic Be specific and write down what things you fear about driving. Then, go through and rank these fears from what you fear the least to what causes a full panic attack. This will help you gradually expose yourself to your fears. But, you'll slowly work your way through your fears so that you never feel truly out of control. For example, holding the keys in your driveway might be something you fear the least while driving on the highway can cause you to have a...


فكر في موضوع أو صراع معين ترغب في تناوله ضمن قصتك (الثيمة الرئيسية). حدد تصنيفًا قصصيًا لعملك الفني. اختر مكان وقوع الأحداث المناسب للسيناريو. اكتب شخصية بطل مثيرة للاهتمام يمكن أن يدور العمل الفني حولها. صمم شخصية الخصم المنافس للبطل الرئيسي. اكتب جملة أو اثنتين تلخص بهما حبكة السيناريو.

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Use a “What if?” question to form the idea of your script. Start taking inspiration from the world around you and ask yourself how it would be affected by a specific event or character. You may also think about an overall theme, such as love, family, or friendship for your story so that your whole script is tied together.  For example, “What if you went back in time and met your parents when they were your age?” is the premise for Back to the Future, while “What if a monster rescued a princess instead of a handsome prince?” is the premise to Shrek. Carry a small notebook with you wherever you go so you can take down notes when you get ideas. Genre is an important storytelling device that lets readers know what sort of story to expect. Look at the movies or TV shows that you enjoy most and try to write a script in a similar style. Combine genres to make something unique. For example, you may have a western movie that takes place in space or a romance movie with horror elements. Make sure the setting works with the story or theme of your script. Make a list of at least 3-4 different settings for your characters to travel between in your script so it stays interesting.  For example, if one of your themes is isolation, you may choose to set your script in an abandoned house. The genre you pick will also help you choose your setting. For example, it's unlikely that you'd set a western story in New York City. When you're making a protagonist, give them a goal that they are trying to achieve throughout the script. Give your character a flaw, such as being a constant liar or only thinking for themselves, to make them more interesting. By the end of your script, your character should go through an arc and change in some way. Brainstorm who your character is at the beginning of the story versus how the events would change them. Don't forget to figure out a memorable name for your character! The antagonist is the driving force that goes against your protagonist. Give your protagonist and antagonist similar qualities,...


فكر في موقف عصيب أو صعب. اهتم بأفكارك ومعتقداتك. ابحث عن الأفكار السلبية. استبدل الأفكار السلبية بالأفكار الإيجابية. تواصل مع معالج واسأله عن العلاج السلوكي المعرفي.

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Examine your life and consider a situation that is troublesome.  This issue will be used as a tool, that will allow you to discover how you approach it, how you view yourself, and enable you to make changes for the better. An example of this situation may be an argument, a big presentation, or a major life change. When thinking of the stressful or troubling situation you have selected, pay careful attention to your thoughts as you do.  Knowing how you think and feel will allow you to later evaluate those tendencies and make any changes you would like.  You may find your thoughts are rational, being based in facts and logic. Your thoughts might also be irrational or based on inaccurate information. Your thoughts may be positive, negative or neutral.  For now, select the negative thoughts to work with. As you examine your thoughts, pay attention to any negative ones or other thoughts that may be based on misunderstandings or inaccurate information.  Try to understand that these thoughts might not be the only way to view your situation.  Look for some of the following examples of negative thinking about yourself:  Equating feelings with facts. You may get a feeling that someone doesn't like you, but the fact is, you don't know what that person is really thinking. Ending with negative conclusions, despite not having an reason or evidence to do so. Maybe you assume your boss will turn you down for a promotion even though you've never been turned down in the past. Only focusing on the negative. After a performance evaluation, you might dwell on the one critical comment and forget about the positive feedback you received. Talking to or about yourself negatively. You might tell yourself that you messed up after having a stressful conversation with someone. Turning positive thoughts into negative ones, degrading your successes or accomplishments. Perhaps you tend to be self-deprecating, even when you have reason to celebrate an achievement. Once you have successfully identified some negative or inaccurate thoughts you...


فكر في وضعك الحالي. قم بأبحاث سوق لتحديد السعر. قدر حجم مبيعاتك. استخدم البيانات السابقة.

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If you are a business with a few years of operations, your revenue forecasting process will involve examining previous years' revenues and making adjustments for the upcoming year. If you are a new startup with no business experience, you will need to estimate your total sales, price per product, and do market research to see what a business of your size can expect to earn.  Remember that revenue forecasts are rarely accurate. The point is to provide the best possible estimate using the knowledge you have.  Always be conservative. This means assume you will receive sales volumes and pricing on the low end of the possible range. This is especially important for new businesses. Examine businesses in your region that provide similar goods or services. Take note of the prices of their products or services.  For example, assume you are opening a therapy practice. Therapists in your region may charge $100 to $200 per hour. Compare your qualifications, experience, and service offerings to your competition, and estimate your price. You may decide $100 is wise. If you offer multiple products and services, make sure to research prices for those too. Sales volumes are how much of your product you sell. Your revenues are equal to your price per good/service multiplied by the number of goods or services you provide. You will therefore need to estimate how much of your good/service you will sell over the course of the year.  Do you have any customers or contracts lined up? If so, include these. You can then assume referrals from customers and advertising will add to these volumes over the year. Compare to existing businesses. If you have colleagues who have established businesses, ask them what their volumes were like early on. For a therapy practice, your colleagues may tell you during their first year they averaged about 10 client hours a week. Look at what drives sales volumes. If you are opening a therapy practice, for example, your reputation, referrals, and advertising will bring in people. You could decide that...


فكر فيما إذا كنت أنت الشخص الذي تلجأ إليه الفتاة التي تعجبك لتتحدث عن مشاكلها. فكر هل تخبرك الفتاة التي تعجبك بشأن الأشخاص الذين يعجبونها. هل تناديك الفتاة التي تعجبك بألقاب ودودة خاصة بك. هل تواسي الفتاة التي تعجبك كلما خرجت من علاقة.

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If you are your crush's go-to person whenever something goes wrong, then you may be in the Friend Zone. Think about it. If your crush likes you back, then there will be an element of mystery in your relationship, and also an element of excitement. If your crush tells you every little thing on his or her mind or every little problem he or she has, then your crush isn't trying to impress you or cover things up, and this is probably because he or she sees you as a friend. If your crush says something like, "I wanted to call you the second this happened," or "Your opinion means so much to me" or "I'm so glad I can count on you," these are all signs that he or she thinks of you as a really, really good friend. This is a dead giveaway that the person only sees you as a friend. If your crush goes on and on about how much he likes his cute coworker or how much she wants a new guy in school to ask her out, then you are definitely in the Friend Zone. If the person asks you for advice again and again and never once thinks that you might be interested, then you are definitely in the Friend Zone. If your crush talks to you about other romantic opportunities, then you are probably in the Friend Zone. However, if you hear him or her saying things like, "None of the guys in my class are as good as you..." Or, "I just feel like I'll never find the right person..." then this may be a hint that you're the one. If your crush likes to pal around with you and gives you cute but corny nicknames, such as "Buddy," "Brother," "Sister," "Champ," "Slugger," or "Kiddo," then yeah, you won't be feeling the love any time soon. This doesn't mean that the person will never be able to see you romantically, but that, right now, you are firmly entrenched in the Friend Zone. This is another red flag that you are absolutely in the Friend Zone. If the girl or guy you like just got dumped and you're the one who is there consoling him or her with a tub of ice cream and a Love Actually DVD, then you are deeply entrenched in the Friend Zone. If you're...


فكر فيما تريد تغييره ولماذا تريد تغييره. أعد صياغة تفكيرك. لا تركز على نفسك. لاحظ كيف يتصرف الواثقون من أنفسهم في المواقف الاجتماعية. إذا وجدت صعوبة في التعامل مع خجلك بمفردك، فجرب أن تستعين بمعالج متخصص.

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Are you bothered by a lack of social skills? Do you struggle with superficial conversations, showing your feelings, experience frequent awkward pauses in conversations, or other practical problems? Perhaps you manage to come across sociable enough, but still wish you didn't always feel so uncomfortable and insecure. Also ask yourself how much you really want to change – not everyone is or can be a social butterfly. Don't waste efforts comparing yourself to others. Don't tell yourself that you should be like them. This is simply negative reinforcement, which will only make you feel like you are different, alone, and, in extreme cases, even inferior. Socially anxious individuals frequently have a stream of negative thoughts running through their heads. "I look awkward," "No one is talking to me," or "I am going to look like an idiot," are all thoughts that may run on a loop. As you can probably tell, these thoughts are all negative and will only serve to keep you feeling shy and self-conscious.  Aim to break the habit of negative thoughts by becoming aware of when you are falling prey to them and by challenging their logic. For example, just because you are nervous in a crowd or at a party does not mean you look awkward. Others around you may be getting a case of nerves, too. Reframing means not just taking a positive spin on your thoughts, but also a more realistic perspective. Many negative thoughts are rooted in irrational beliefs. Find evidence that disputes your negative thoughts and find another way of looking at the situation. This is one of the most important aspects of shyness and social anxiety. Most shy people don't do this on purpose, but often, attention is consistently drawn to yourself during conversations. This makes you self-aware and keeps a vicious cycle rotating. Research has shown this may play a key role in why people might experience panic attacks after relatively mild anxious moments.  Rather than noticing that you are being shy, or that you may have said something embarrassing, try to...


فكر فيما تريده. اكتب عن نفسك. تخيل مستقبلك. اجعل أهدافك محددة. فكر في السبب.

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Many people have only a vague sense of what they want from life. In this first step, your task is to starting converting ideas like "happiness" or "security" into things you would like to do.  Get a pen and some paper and start writing down things that are important to you in life. It's okay to be general at this stage, but try not to be vague. For example, if the first thing that pops into your head is "happiness," that's fine. But try to define that term. What does "happiness" mean to you? What would you consider a happy life? One good way to start moving from general to specific is to do some free-writing about yourself. Think about your personality and your interests. This can help you define what is most important to you.  Try writing about how you enjoy spending your time. Begin your brainstorm by writing down what you enjoy doing and what excites you.  Don't limit yourself to activities or experiences that you think are productive or "worth doing." The point of a brainstorm is to get down as many ideas as possible, and this list will be useful later on in the process. Write about things you are interested in and/or would like to learn more about. Are you interested in science? In literature? In music? Any of these could become lifelong pursuits. Write about things about yourself you'd like to improve. Are you hoping to develop your skills as a public speaker? As a writer? As a photographer? Again, these can all become life-long pursuits. Think about your ideal future. What does it look like? Ask yourself questions that will help you get to a detailed picture. For example, imagine you are trying to decide on a long-term career. Here are some questions you might ask:  What time do you want to wake up every morning? Where do you want to live? The city? A rural area? A foreign country? Who will be there when you wake up? Is it important to you to have a family? If so, a job that requires a lot of long trips out of town might not be the best choice. How much money do you want to make? The answers to these...


فكر قبل أن تتكلم. لا تقاطع. اطرح الأسئلة بدلًا من التحدث عن نفسك. عد تنازليًا من 10 قبل أن تقول شيئًا. أنصت بحرص. كف عن الشكوى. ركز على تنفسك. خذ الوقت لمعالجة ما تسمعه.

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People who are naturally loud do not possess this important skill. So, the next time you’re in a situation where you’re just dying to say something, pause, take a moment, and ask yourself if what you have to say will really help the situation. Will you be giving people information that they need, making people laugh, or offering words of comfort, or will you be saying something just to be heard? If you don’t think anyone will actually benefit from what you have to say, then keep it to yourself. One rule to follow when you’re starting off is to say one of every two things you’re thinking. As you work on being more quiet, then you can say one of every three things, or one of every four things. Don’t ever interrupt a person while he or she is talking unless you think what you have to say is crucial to the conversation. (Let’s face it. – When is that ever the case?) Not only is it rude to interrupt people, but it will disrupt the flow of the conversation and will make you appear  loudmouth. If you really have a comment to make or a question to ask, then make a note of it and wait until the other person is done talking to see if what you have to say is still relevant. You’d be surprised by how many of your questions will get answered anyway if you just let people talk. If you’re working on being more quiet, then chances are that you tend to talk on and on about yourself or the things that really interest you instead of letting other people share their ideas. So, the next time you’re having a conversation and it’s your turn to speak, ask people questions to gain insight about the topic you’re discussing and to learn more about them – from what their hobbies are to what they like to do for fun. You don’t have to make it sound like an interrogation or ask questions that make people uncomfortable. Keep things light, friendly, and polite and remember that conversation, in large part, is more about saying that you care about and are interested in the other person's thoughts, feelings, and point of view and less about...


فكر لماذا تريد أن تصبح شخصًا آخر. اسأل نفسك ما الذي تريد تغييره. ركز على طرق للتطوير. اكتشف من الذي تريد أن تتبع أثره. تأكد من أن السمات التي ترغب في تعديلها قابلة للاحتمال. اعرف كل شيء عن الشخصية التي تحبها.

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Ask yourself what the reasons are behind your desire to change. Write down the reasons you come up with. This way you can discover the root of your problem. Once you know where the wish to be someone else is coming from, you can solve the problem's source.  Don't base your need to become someone else off of a few isolated events. Challenges and undesirable circumstances happen to all of us every now and then. We all make mistakes and try to learn from them regularly as well. If there is a clear and repeating pattern to your experiences or relationships that provides clues to where you could improve, then use that information to your advantage. Explore where relationships broke down or what you have been criticized for. You have looked at what is happening around you that makes you want to be someone else; you need to consider your personal feelings as well. If certain things are bothering you, find out what they are and how you can make them better.  If you're not happy with yourself, figure out why. Are you overweight? Have a nervous disposition? Disorganized? If you are merely bored with the way things are and want a change, reflect on what exactly you are not satisfied with. Is it your relationship? Your job? Your house or car? The weather? Focus on the area that you want to change. You know what needs to change so you can be who you want to be. Now you need to brainstorm ways to fix or make the problem better.  If you need to lose weight to feel healthy and happy then concentrate on that. Start going to the gym, lower your fat and carbohydrate intake and get engaged in a social group for support. If you suffer from anxiety, then seek help from a professional, practice meditation and take opportunities to practice being assertive. If you are tired of people calling you boring, do something adventurous like sky diving, mountain climbing, sailing or learning to fly a plane. If you're unhappy with your romantic partner, do something new together, find ways to connect and appreciate each other, go to...


فكر مليًا إذا كنت مصابًا بفتق إربي أو فخذي. حدد ما إذا كنت تعاني الفتق السري. حدد ما إذا كنت تعاني فتق الحجاب الحاجز. ابحث عن الفتق الجراحي. تمرن وافقد الوزن. قلل الإجهاد البدني.

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If your hernia is near the groin, determine whether it's located at the inner or outer part of your groin. If it looks like the hernia is at the inner groin (an inguinal hernia), part of the intestines or bladder is forcing through the abdominal wall (or inguinal canal). If it looks like the hernia is at the outer groin, part of the intestines is forcing out into the femoral canal (a femoral hernia). Inguinal hernias are the most common type of hernia and they usually occur in older men. Femoral hernias are more common in pregnant or obese women. If you have a femoral hernia, seek medical attention immediately as these are more commonly associated with femoral artery or femoral nerve injury since the canal is much smaller and tighter than other types of hernias. Umbilical hernias are a noticeable bulge at the belly button or navel. These happen when part of the small intestine pushes through the abdominal wall into the navel area. Umbilical hernias are more common in newborn babies which are usually surgically treated by pediatric surgeons. Umbilical hernias also happen in obese women or women who have had multiple pregnancies. Look for a bulge near your stomach and consider if you have acid reflux disease. These are signs of a hiatal hernia. The bulge is actually your stomach pushing through an opening in your diaphragm where your esophagus enters.  Other signs of hiatal hernia: heartburn, feeling of food stuck in your throat, feeling full quickly, and, rarely, chest pain, which can be confused with a heart attack. Hiatal hernias are more common in women, overweight people, and people over 50 years of age. You might get a hernia following abdominal surgery, especially if you've been inactive. With an incisional hernia, the intestine emerges through a weakened part of the abdomen where you once had surgery. Incisional hernias are more common in the elderly or obese. You can reduce your risk for hernias by being a healthy weight and staying in shape. Work with a personal trainer or coach who can teach you how...


فكر مليًا وتذكر المواقف المحرجة السابقة. اضحك على ما فعلته. تعاطف مع نفسك وارأف بها. ركز على الحاضر. حافظ على أفضل حالة لك. زر المعالج النفسي.

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While it may be painful to review the most embarrassing things that have ever happened to you, it can help you to put other embarrassing moments into perspective. Make a list of the top 5 most embarrassing things that have ever happened to you and compare them to your most recent embarrassment. After you have made your list of embarrassing moments, allow yourself to laugh at yourself. Laughing at things that you done can be a cleansing experience. By looking at them as silly things that happened in your past, you can help yourself to move past feelings of embarrassment.  For example, if you once walked through the lunch room with your skirt tucked into your underwear, try to laugh about the experience. Try to see it from an outsider’s perspective and remove yourself from the negative feelings. Realize that it was just a silly mistake that probably made people do a double take or possibly even a spit take. Try discussing embarrassing moments with a trusted friend. It might make it easier for you to laugh at someone if you tell the story to someone who was not there and it can also be a good way for you to hear about someone else’s embarrassing moments. If you can’t bring yourself to laugh at what you did, try being compassionate towards yourself. Acknowledge your embarrassment and talk to yourself like a good friend. Give yourself permission to feel embarrassed and understand the pain that that situation has caused for you. Try to remind yourself of who you are and what your core values are. This can help you to ground yourself and brush off some embarrassment and with self-compassion. Once you have comforted yourself through laughter or compassion, bring yourself back into the present moment. Recognize that the embarrassing moment is in the past. Try to focus your attention on what is happening in your life right now. Where are you? What are you doing? Who are you with? How do you feel? Changing your focus to the here and now may help you to stop dwelling on things that happened to you in the past. Although...


فكر من وجهة نظر الشخص الثالث. احرص على وجود حافز أو دافع لكل لقطة. اترك المساحة للوحات القصصية لتتغير.

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While your storyboard illustrations don't need to look like they were created by a professional artist, there are a few artists' tricks you can use to make your images look more like movie scenes. This isn't mandatory, but it can help the people you're working with visualize the shot more clearly.  Instead of drawing all of your characters as though they were standing on the same horizontal line, put them in perspective. Have some standing a little further from the camera and some standing closer. The ones standing further from the camera should appear smaller, with their feet higher up on the page, and the ones standing closer should appear larger, with their feet lower on the page. When it's time to translate the storyboard to film, you'll have a much better idea of how to direct the shot. As you storyboard your film, think about your reasons for making each cut to a new shot. Advancing the story is about more than just hopping to the next plot point; you need to give a reason for why your characters do what they do. Storyboarding the motivations for your cuts will help you figure out how to build tension and keep the story moving when it comes to making the film.  For example, if you want to cut from one room to another, have a character in the first room look toward the door because they hear a noise. This helps the story's continuity and keeps the viewer engaged. Your storyboard can be an extraordinary tool to have at your disposal when you're setting up your shots and directing your film. However, relying heavily on your storyboard might end up being too confining. As you make your film, you're bound to come across ideas for shots you didn't think of before. Allow yourself to drift from the board, or at least revise it, so that the filmmaking process is a bit more organic.  Remember to accept others' input as you go along, especially if you're working with a talented film crew. A storyboard is meant to be edited and changed. It can often be improved by ideas you might not have thought up on your own....


فكري في استخدام فتحات العنق الواسعة المكشكشة. ضعي في اعتبارك الياقات العالية وفتحات الرقبة غير المتماثلة والفتحة المدورة اللصيقة بالعنق لجعل الصدر يبدو أكبر. اختاري البلوزات التي تلتف حمالتها حول العنق. جربي فتحات العنق الجريئة مثل السبعة الواسعة والفتحات الكبيرة.

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The extra drapes and folds up top help the chest look fuller.  Halter tops expose your shoulders and create an illusion of larger breasts by drawing the eye directly to the bosom. Even though these necklines do not necessarily make your bust look bigger, you can wear them and look classy doing so. Women with larger busts risk looking inappropriate in a low neckline, but women with smaller busts can get away with showing more skin and still look appropriate doing so.


فكري في استخدام واقٍ ذكريٍ لتقليل احتمالات الإصابة بالأمراض المنقولة جنسيًا. استخدم الواقي الذكري إذا كنت لا تثق تمامًا بشريكتك. اسعي لاستخدام وسيلة منع الحمل الطارئة إذا تمزق الواقي الذكري أو تلف. استخدمي الواقي الذكري كحمايةٍ داعمة إذا كان الحمل أمرًا لا يمكن التفكير به.

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Before making the decision to forego condom use, it is important to consider the role that condoms can play in STI risk reduction as well as in preventing pregnancy. Even if you are using other contraceptive devices, such as a hormonal form of birth control, other contraceptive methods do nothing to prevent you from STIs (sexually transmitted infections). Therefore, condoms have an important advantage when it comes to practicing safe sex. Condoms protect you from STIs by reducing genital-to-genital contact, and by also blocking the ejaculatory fluid from the man's penis from getting into the woman's vagina. Both of these types of contact are ways in which an infection can be passed from one person to another. If you are in a long-term committed monogamous relationship, you will know whether your partner is taking alternative forms of birth control, such as taking "the pill" or using an IUD, as you will have developed a trusting relationship with that person and have presumably discussed the best contraceptive strategies for the two of you. However, if you have a new sexual partner who you do not yet know well enough to fully trust, it is important to understand that a condom can be one of the more reliable methods of contraception.  If you are a man, you can never know for sure if a new female sexual partner is actually on "the pill" (or another birth control method), and taking it reliably. It is possible for a woman to be dishonest about using birth control while purposefully becoming pregnant. Similarly, a man may be dishonest to a woman about having a vasectomy when he actually does not. Or, he may say he will withdraw and then fail to do so. Using a condom is a clear and straightforward method of contraception that does not require trust on anyone's behalf. Condoms have an 82% effectiveness at preventing pregnancy. However, if your condom breaks while having sex, it is important to seek a form of emergency contraception immediately.  You can purchase emergency contraception at your local pharmacy or...


فكري في المخاطر الصحية المحتملة. اختاري مستحضرات التسمير بدون شمس الصحيحة. قشّري بشرتك. دلكي مستحضرات تسمير البشرة على جلدك. انتظري حتى يجف مستحضر التسمير. قللي من التعرض للشمس لمدة 24 ساعة بعد استخدام أي مستحضر يحتوي على ثنائي هيدروكسي الأسيتون.

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While doctors generally recommend sunless tanning as a safer alternative to UV exposure, these products are not without drawbacks. The active ingredient in most sunless tanners is called dihydroxyacetone (DHA). DHA interacts with amino acids in your skin's outer layer to cause a browning effect. Some scientists have shown DHA to cause DNA damage at high concentrations. However, DHA is safe to use on skin where it is mostly absorbed by dead cells. Minimize your risks by avoiding spray-on products that may be inhaled and rinsing off excess tanner from your hands. Additionally, some individuals are allergic to this chemical, which can result in contact dermatitis. For pale skin, buy the lightest shade of self-tanner your product of choice comes in. Darker tanners contain higher concentrations of DHA. A too-dark sunless tan will look orange and unnatural on a person with naturally light skin. Removing excess dead skin before applying sunless tanner will help the color to last longer. Scrub gently with a washcloth or loofah. Pat your skin dry with a towel. Avoid areas near your eyes, nose, and mouth. There are two main ways you can avoid discoloring your palms:  Wear exam gloves during application. Apply the tanner in sections (arms, legs, torso, face) and wash your hands between each section. Wait at least 10 minutes before getting dressed. Wait at least six hours before bathing or swimming. Re-apply the tanner daily until your skin reaches your desired hue. If you must be in the sun, wear sunscreen. While DHA provides transient UV protection, it may also temporarily boost the production of UV-induced reactive oxygen species. These molecules are a major contributor to sun damage, negatively impacting your skin's health and appearance.


فكري في صناعة شيء يحمل قيمة عاطفية ما بالنسبة له. اصنعي قائمة بالأشياء التي ستحتاجيها لمشروعك. يمكنك شراء الخامات التي ستحتاجينها من المواقع الإلكترونية أو من متاجر الفنون والحرف. ابتكري هديتك.

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Try to think of a personal moment that the two of you shared and make your gift be related to that. Think of what your talents are, and try to create something that uses your strengths. Don’t worry if you’re not the greatest artist. The quality of the art matters less than the significance that the gift holds for him.  If you are not artistic, a photo collage is personal and easy to create. If you're younger, you can use an extra white shirt and create designs on it with marker, or dye it. Think of creative things you can do with extra clothes to make an awesome gift for them. You could make him a painting, compose a song for him, or create an installation art piece. Read Make Handmade Gifts for more handmade gift ideas. If you go to the store and buy supplies, you don’t want to waste time going back because you forgot something. Creating a complete list of all the materials you need for your gift will prevent you from giving the guy the gift late, or worse yet, scrapping the project halfway through.  Remember, if you need photos developed, they may take a day, so be sure to plan out your gift according to your time restraints. It’s better to have leftover art supplies than to run out in the middle of creating it. Once you have your idea, you need the supplies required to create it. Go to your local arts and crafts store, or an online marketplace to buy what you need.  Going to the art store and then comparing prices on your phone is a great way to save money. If you buy supplies online, make sure to factor in the time it takes for it to ship. Take your time and create the gift that you had in mind for him. Remember, the more time and effort you spend will pay off with the final product, so don’t skip any corners or try to rush it to completion. Once you are done, store it away in a place where he won’t find it.  Don’t be scared of the gift not being perfect. What matters is the time and meaning you put behind the gift, not its artistic merit. If you mess up, don’t be afraid to go back and start over.


فكرّي فيما تقوله لغة جسدك. احترمي الآخرين وكوني لطيفة معهم. كوني حازمة. حضّري نفسكِ بشكل مسبق.

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Your body language can sometimes say more than your words.  Most of the time body language is determined by how you feel, rather than what you want to portray.  But you can change that by simply paying attention to the position of your body while you’re having a conversation.  There are specific ways you can adjust your body to convey confidence, they are:  Don’t fidget.  Stand in one spot, with your feet planted on the ground hip-width apart.  Stand evenly on both feet, don’t shift from one foot to another. Lean back in your chair when you’re sitting.  Don’t fidget your lower body.  If you need to cross your legs, do so comfortably and loosely.  Keep you hands in a relaxed position. Look in one spot, or one general area.  Keep your head still.  Hold you head upwards, with your chin level to the ground. Hold your hands together in front or behind you when not using them.  If you grip your hands together, do so lightly.  But don’t hide your hands in your pockets and don’t put grip your hand in a fist. Don’t rush.  Walk steadily.  Talk steadily as well, don’t rush to get your words out.  Confident people are not in a hurry. Pause every now and again - whether walking or talking. Be comfortable and don’t fidget when there’s a break in the conversation or everyone goes silent. Be assertive.  Smile.  Look people in the eyes.  If you’re shaking someone’s hand, do so firmly. To truly see that beauty is on the inside, you have to see it in yourself AND in everyone else.  Every individual has one or more awesome qualities that make them special.  When you’re with other people, look at them with new eyes and see the person they really are - on the inside.  By seeing these qualities in others, you’ll start to notice them in yourself.  Use this opportunity to explore the specific qualities you admire in others, and how you can work to achieve them yourself.  Select role models for yourself based on these qualities. Don’t be afraid to tell other people what you admire about them.  Nothing boosts confidence and self-esteem...


فكِّر فيما إذا كنت تريد إثارة إعجابها. إذا كنت تفكر فيها طوال الوقت. قيِّم ما إذا كانت مشاعرك تجاهها تحفزك لتصبح شخصًا أفضل. إذا كنت تريد أن تراها سعيدة. تأكد من قرارك.

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When you are in love with a girl, you are willing to do anything that makes her like you and notice you. You may try to impress her by taking risks or going above and beyond to help others. You may also try to impress her with your ability to play an instrument or play a sport. If your actions are now driven by the ulterior motive of catching her attention, you may truly love her. When you love a girl, it is very common to think about her constantly. Do you find that your mind unexpectedly wanders to thoughts of her throughout the day? Have you stopped to wonder if she is thinking about you too? If she is constantly on your mind, you may love her. When you fall in love with a girl, you may have a strong desire to become the man you feel she deserves. You may feel the need to improve your grades or behavior at school. You may start working out or attending a religious service. If you are willing to make an effort to improve yourself on her behalf, you may be in love with an incredible girl. As you fall in love with a girl, you may make it your priority to make her happy. In order to ease her stress during exam week, you may volunteer to help her study, revise her paper, or complete her chores. When she becomes sick, you may insist on taking care of her and getting whatever she needs. When she is having a rough day, you may go out of your way to make her laugh and smile so she forgets about her troubles. If you are devoting time and energy to making her happy, you may love her. The three little words, “I love you,” pack a huge meaning. Once you express your love, the nature of your relationship with this girl will change for better or for worse. Prior to making this declaration, ask yourself the following questions:  Are you truly in love with her? Does she share your understanding of the word “love?” Are you telling her “I love you” in the hopes that you will get something in return.


فكِّري في نمط حياة الأسرة ورغباتها. استكشفي أنواع وسائل تحديد النسل المختلفة. احذري المخاطرات المحتملة لأساليب منع الحمل المختلفة. اتخذي قرارًا بشأن طريقة تحديد النسل المناسبة لكِ.

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When you decide to use birth control, there are many factors you should consider such as if and when you want children, if you want to take pills or not worry about taking daily medication, and your lifestyle, including if you travel frequently. Thinking about these questions can help you determine the most appropriate form of birth control for you.  Make an honest assessment of yourself, your partner and your relationship. If you are not in a monogamous relationship this can also influence your choice(s) for birth control. For example, if you are in a long term relationship and want to wait a few years to have children, you might opt for a long term birth control method such as an intrauterine device (IUD). If you have multiple partners, you may opt for birth control pills and condoms to protect from pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases.  If you are in a long-term relationship, involve your partner in the decision so that you can make it mutually and it fits with both of your lifestyles. Consider questions such as “do I want to plan every time I have sex?,” “do I want to remember to take a pill every day?,” “do I want to end my fertility permanently?”.  You’ll also want to think about your health. For example, if you suffer from migraines, birth control pills may not be a good choice for you. There are many different options for birth control that you can use. Exploring the various types of birth control can help you decide which option is appropriate for you.  You can choose barrier methods that are put on or inserted right before sex including male and female condoms, a diaphragm, a cervical cap, and spermicide.  If used properly, these methods can help protect against pregnancy, but you may want to use a secondary method to help ensure that you don’t get pregnant. For example, if you’re using condoms, which have a failure rate of 2-18%, you may want to also use a spermicide.  Hormonal birth control, which has a low failure rate of less than 1% to 9%, are a good option if you want to avoid pregnancy...


فكّر بضعف العضلات. احذر من ضرر الأعصاب المحتمل الذي قد يؤدي إلى تقلّصات المثانة. قم باستثناء العدوى. راجع أدويتك مع طبيبك. استخدم القسطرة المناسبة لحالتك. اعلم أنه قد يكون هناك أكثر من سبب واحد.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

The bladder is controlled by several muscle groups. Those groups include the sphincter muscles, the abdominal wall muscles, and one additional muscle that is part of the bladder itself. The most common culprit behind bladder spasms is the detrusor smooth muscle, which is the main muscle composing the bladder wall.  The detrusor muscle consists of smooth muscle fibers that are part of the wall of the bladder. The detrusor muscle contracts, along with the abdominal wall muscles, to empty the contents of the bladder into the urethra. However, all of the muscle groups are involved in emptying the bladder and may be a part of the problem, so you should see your doctor for a full diagnosis.  The sphincter muscle provides a tightening at the opening of the bladder to prevent urine from passing. When the brain signals the muscles that it is time to release urine from the bladder, the sphincter muscle relaxes to allow the urine flow to pass through the urethra.  The urethra is the tube that connects your bladder to the outside.  The muscles of the abdominal wall are in a relaxed state when the bladder is empty and as it gradually fills with urine. The abdominal wall muscles gently expand as the bladder expands.  The abdominal wall muscles and the sphincter muscles work together to provide bladder control. When the brain says it is time to release urine, the abdominal wall muscles contract, or tighten, and press on the bladder to force the urine into the urethra.  The muscles and the nervous system work together to effectively communicate with the brain and provide voluntary control over emptying your bladder. A problem with any of the muscles or nerves involved can contribute to bladder spasms. The nerves that are built into the bladder area are part of a complex communication pathway that sends messages to, and receives messages from, the brain.  Nerves that are part of the bladder and abdominal wall area tell the brain when the bladder is full and it needs to be emptied. This is translated as a feeling of pressure...