The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-11-25 00:00:00

to develove the oulwitaaling, and furnish materials of use-

ful knowledge : both alike may inspire true elevation and
true humility. The exercises of religion, and those studies
by which knowledge is added to faith, when duly performed,
will be allowed by all to have this double effect. These will be
our first and principal care ; while a religious spirit will, it is
hoped, temper and chasten our other occupations, dignifying

what might else be thought menial, and making lowly what
might tend to lift up. The schoolmaster, though his path of
duty lie among the poor, must all the more be raised, not
lowered, to his office.
" This leads me to consider the description of pupils best
adapted for this training. Except under peculiar circum-
stances, they should not be taken from the upper ranks in
society. Boys bred up in refinement, and accustomed to
higher expectations, would with difficulty be made to accom-
modate themselves to the discipline of the Institution, and
still less to its objects. Yet habit and principle will do much.
In the lowest rank the requisite qualifications are almost
never to be found, unless where the youth has been already
Prepared by a course of judicious training, commencing in
childhood,—a case which has already occurred, and may here-
after occur more frequently. The sons of small, or, indeed,
middling farmers and shopkeepers, of schoolmasters and
office-clerks, and of the better class of artisans, are, perhaps,

to be preferred. They ought to have had a home with some
domestic advantages, and to leave it not without a home-bred
feeling of self-respect. The more liberal employments, again,
or such as are so accounted, are often accompanied by severe
indigence, and still more often leave behind them an inheri-
tance of penury. If under these painful circumstances, the
father or widowed mother of a promising son could find for
him in this Institution an immediate asylum, with the pro-
spect of a good education, and an honourable, though humble,
livelihood hereafter, a double benefit might accrue. Many
an upward-looking youth might thus be saved from compul-
sory idleness, who would soon find any life preferable to one
of dependence. This is not mere speculation—l do but re-
cord the lessons of my own experience, short as that has been ;
and I would respectfully suggest to the clergy, and others
anxious to promote the cause of Church-education, and at
the same time to confer a benefit upon an individual, that the
sum which they may expend in sending, or assisting to send,
a youth of somewhat superior pretensions to this College,
Will be far, far better repaid, both in the benefit really con-
ferred upon the individual, and in the furtherance of the ge-
neral object, than by giving advantages to a lad who is not in
any way prepared to receive them, and of which he will never,
Perhaps, fully avail himself."

The following, too, may he interesting, as affording
a view of a portion, and a valuable portion, of the
System. To the pamphlet itself, however, we must
refer our readers. It will well repay perusal, not only
as containing sound practical views of the subject in
band, but as being an able treatise upon the whole
question of religious education :

" The advantages, I had almost said the necessity, of
balancing the intellectual pursuits of the students by manual
labour, is sufficiently evident. It is, in the first place, the
only way in which such an institution could be supported,
except at an enormous expense ; but this is the least con-
sideration. It is almost the only mode in which the hours
not occupied in study could be profitably and innocently
Passed by a promiscuous assemblage of youths, almost all of
whom have so much both to learn and unlearn. Above all,
that which is learnt in this way is itself a most valuable ac-
quirement, more especially to the schoolmaster of the poor.
Not merely will it enable him to increase his own comforts

Without cost, but it will make him practically acquainted
with the occupations of those whom he has to instruct, and
thus procure him an additional title to their confidence, when
he comes to act among them, not merely as their teacher,
but as their adviser and friend.
" In some places it has not been found easy to procure
Sufficient employment of this kind for the students : no such

difficulty can ever occur in the Training College. The in-
dustrial occupations are so extensive as to fill all the time
thst can properly he allotted to them ; this will continue to
be the case when the full number of students shall have been
completed.
" Hitherto the difficulty has been to perform the necessary
work of the establishment in a satisfactory manner without
encroaching on the hours of study, nothing being so much
to be avoided as a hasty, imperfect, or slovenly performance.
The method pursued is as follows :—the several duties,
whether of the house, the farm, or the garden, are assigned
to different parties, varying in number according to the need,
which arc changed at stated periods, generally weekly. Over
each of these parties a monitor is appointed, care being
taken so to sort the parties that the influence of the older
and steadier youths may be continually exerted over their
Younger or less experienced associates. One youth, the
eldest of those first admitted, is over the whole. It is his
duty to arrange the labours of the day, under the superin-
tendence of the industrial master, and to inspect the different
working-parties when needful. He is also expected to hear
complaints, and to settle any trifling difference which may
have arisen. The monitor of each party is expected to
maintain order among those whose labours he directs ; and
to speak generally, the discipline of the place is, as far as
Possible, carried on by the moral influence of the youths over
each other, a most watchful supervision being maintained by
the masters. The direct interference of the principal is not
resorted to except in cases of necessity. Faults are corrected
by admonition, and if need he, by rebuke, either private or
Public, as the case may seem to require. It is sometimes

advisable to make the admonition general, without naming
those for whom it is specially intended. A journal of con-
duct is also kept, which will, it is hoped, have a beneficial
effect; and every youth is occasionally reminded that his
Prospects, when be shall have left the institution, depend
upon his conduct while in it. No prominence, however, is
given to this or to any other secondary motive. Good con-
duct can only be produced, in the long-run, by a sense of
duty, or by the habit which it produces, when it becomes a
matter of course ; and this habitual sense of duty is best en-
couraged by a mode of treatment from which every appeal
to motive, strictly so called, is excluded. I believe this to be
not merely the highest, but the most practical view of the
question ; and although in such a matter the utmost that can
Without presumption be expected, is a partial, and, under the
Divine blessing, a growing success, yet it may with some
degree of confidence be affirmed, that it has been already
borne out by facts. The particular methods by which cheer-
ful obedience, regularity, diligence, and general good conduct,
are to be preserved in a training-establishment, more espe-
cially in the industrial department, cannot be detailed within
the limits of this report. They vary with the exigency, and
are suggested in each case by the judgment, experience,
good-feeling, and educational tact of those by whom the
establishment is conducted. It will be understood that the
• Whole rests upon a religious basis, and is referred constantly,
and expressly, yet not obtrusively, to a religious standard,
Care being taken to prevent phrases and professions fro►n
anticipating the growth of real feeling."

We should imagine that there is not a solitary man
or woman in the United Kingdom who is not con-

vinced, now, that the proposed civilisation of Africa,
by model farming, and the other pet methods of the
Anti-Slavery Society, is sheer absurdity, or something
even worse. What are the latest news which we have
of the celebrated Niger expedition—that melancholy
abortion of obstinate wrong-headedness ? From first
to last, disease and death have tracked its progress;
and now the climax is before us, in the condition of
that unfortunate project of the Buxtons and Macaulays
their " MODEL FARM." The exclusively humane—
the philanthropists, par excellence,—stand committed
before the world as the authors of a model of systematic
Slavery in the heart of that very country which they
set out to free and to civilise ! Yes ; their model
farm, in one short year after its first formation—in the
bands of educated Africans—has become a slave plan-
tation, differing from those which Great Britain paid
twenty millions sterling, and beggared the proprietory
of the finest colonies upon the face of the earth, to con-
vert into free settlements, only in this feature, that
there the cart-whip is wielded by coloured bands, and
the enslaved labourers toil to fill the mouths of black
gentlemen instead of white men !

Surely, after this, we shall hear no more of the
quixotic schemes of theseshort-sighted people. Surely
the government of Sir Robert Peel will now cast aside
the trammels sought to be imposed upon them, and
endeavour at length to meet the difficulties and
disasters which present themselves in our West Indian
Colonies, and the degradation and, wretchedness which
exist in unhappy Africa, by common sense and prac-
lc!! legislation.

Two objects, we presume, present themselves for
the statesman to accomplish—the cessation of slavery,
as the instrument of cultivation in the tropics; and the
amelioration of the condition of the African in his
"Pn country, as a prelude to his ultimate civilisation.
The former object we have endeavoured to attain by
the emancipation of the negroes in our own colonies;
411 d for every free man which we have made, we have
rivetted the chains upon the slave of another nation.
,'he latter object we have endeavoured to attain by
this very Niger expedition ; and we have only stultified
"rselves in the eyes of the whole world, and retarded
the very event which we had in view, by driving thou-
' the
of once-sanguine friends of humanity to abandon
t," effort in despair. Turn then, we say, at length to
a" sensible and straightforward policy which has been.
_Rain and again advocated. Carry out the great
eeliPeriment now in operation in our West Indian.
al"ies; throw open those noble markets to the free
ji.aur of Africa ; and one-half of the work of civilisa-
-I,°/1 and humanity will be at once accomplished_
:us, and thus only, shall we be enabled to crush the,
(3118ter, slavery; thus, and thus only, we feel assured,