The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-05-24 00:00:00

ELEVENTH LECTURE ON THE CREED OF
POPE PIUS.

The eleventh in the series of lectures on the several arti-
cles in the creed of Pope Pius the Fourth, was delivered by
the Rev. Mortimer O'Sullivan, D.D., on the evening of
Friday last, in the Music-hall, Bold-street. There was a
most respectable auditory present.
On the motion of Mr. HOWARD, seconded by Mr. SHEP-
HERD, the chair was taken by Mr. MIDDLETON ; after
which,
_the Rev. F. PARRY supplicated a blessing upon the

proceedings
The Rev. Dr. O'SULLIVAN, who was received with great
cheering, commenced by reading the clause upon which he
was about to lecture, namely :
" I likewise undoubtedly receive and profess all other
thing's delivered, defined, and declared by the sacred canons
and general councils, and particularly by the holy council of
Trent; and I condemn, reject, and anathematise all things
contrary thereto, and all heresies which the church has con-
demned, rejected, and anathematised."
From the various objections which might be urged against
this clause, he should content himself with selecting four.
The first was, that the promise was too vague and extensive,
and that it imposed obligations to an extent of which he who
made it must be altogether unconscious; the second objec-
tion was, that it enforces contradictory obligations, contain-
ing a promise to receive, as truth, propositions of which the
acceptance of one would necessarily imply the rejection of
the other ; in the third place, it contained a promise to re-
ceive as holy and true, and as essential to Christian faith,
doctrines and principles which he who swears to the Church
of Rome to receive them, has, in many instances, sworn to
the state in which he is a subject to reject as anti-Christian
and abominable; and the fourth objection was, that the
article is in itself a direct violation of the principles which
it enjoins to receive, pronounces an anathema upon all whom
every council has anathematised, and, iu the very act of so
expressing its adherence to councils, committing the offence
upon which an anathema has been, by anticipation, de-
nounced. He should proceed to consider these objections,
and the validity of the replies which Romanists made to
them.
The Ist objection arose from the extent of the obligation—
" I promise that I will receive, without any doubt, all things
defined, delivered, and declared in the sacred canons and
general councils." Now this was a very extensive under-
taking, an undertaking of which the comprehensiveness
could be understood only by these who understood what
was the extent of that mass of doctrine, discipline, and wor-
ship, which they have pledged themselves thus without mo-
dification to receive and revere. To what extent did the
works containing the sacred canons extend? He thought
he might very confidently assert that there were not within
the Church of Rome in this country ten men who had made
themselves acquainted with it ; and he remembered distinctly
that Dr. Doyle, a Roman Catholic bishop, without the least
hesitation, affirmed to committees of the parliament, that
there were but few canonists in this country. The code of
canon law (many of which he enumerated) comprehended a
vast body of divinity, if divinity it could be called, which in
some editions extended to a hundred folio volumes. It was
perfectly enormous; and it must be remembered that he
who promised to receive them, did not merely pledge his pro-
mise as a professional person in this country would pledge
himself to respect our laws. He would pledge himself to
respect the laws because they were the laws, not binding
himself to an asseveration that those laws were necessary
and important to the church, but simply binding himself to
receive as law whatever is enacted under that denomination.
But here there was a promise—a promise implying that not
only were these documents received without any qualification,
but they are received as essential to salvation. The rev.
gentleman proceeded to point out the manifold distinctions
which are made in the councils by the Italian and French
schools of Romanism, some being accepted by one and reject-
ed by the other, by which the infallible religion was involved in
the most palpable contradictions. This difficulty, however,
was got over by the Pope of Rome propounding his claim
to be,received as the interpreter of the councils. In the
next place, Dr. O'Sullivan enlarged upon the third objection
to this article, namely, because it contained a promise to re-
ceive, without any doubt, and as of necessity to salvation,
principles ,which many of those who swore to Romanism to
receive them swore to the state to reject, and to " reject,
detest, and abominate as anti-Christian." In the same style
of commanding eloquence he urged the fourth objection,
namely, that in this clause the men who make this promise
provoke upon themselves the anathema which they express
themselves willing to fulminate against others. We regret
that our space is too limited to report the arguments of Dr.
O'Sullivan at a length proportionate to their force and truth.
Having gone through these objections he noticed the an-
swers given to them by Romanists, and concluded nearly as
follows

I have now gone through the arguments, briefly, by which
Romanists would reply to such objections as I have urged;
but there is one consideration without which I should leave
my subject imperfect—l mean more imperfect than lam
willing, upon this occasion, to leave it. If you were to con-
sider the promise respecting canons and councils which I
have repeated, in itself alone, you would not understand its
efficacy and its influence. You must compare it with the
promise which is made respecting Scripture and the promise
which is made respecting tradition, in order to understand
the full amount of injury contained in this engagement which
Romanists take to receive without a doubt what has been de-
livered in sacred canons and general councils. What engage-
ment does Romanism require of her victims respecting tradi-
tion? It is that they will embrace steadfastly what is called
" apostolical and ecclesiastical traditions." What promises
respecting God's Holy Scripture ? "I admit also the sacred
Scriptures in'that sense in which the church delivers it, shows
itself the judge of Scripture, and I will never take or interpret
it unless according to the unanimous consent of the fathers."
The man takes to his heart traditions.—"I embrace steadfastly
apostolic and ecclesiastic traditions ," but what of Scripture?
" I admit it." (Hear, hear, hear.) I admit, it ! But how
admit it? (Hear.) sit admitted in its own inherent ex-
cellence, admitted for its own prevailing claims upon all men's
accptance ? No ; but because that in so far as the church
condescends to interpret it, thy receive it from that interpre-
ter, andithat is their admission of Scripture ! (Hear.) And
what is the further engagement ? " I will not take and in-
terpret it unless I can do so according to the unanimous con-
sent of the fathers," that is to say, " I embrace steadfastly
ecclesiastical tradition; I reject without qualification all
Scripture to which the unanimous voice of the fathers has
not borne a new and a human testimony ; and while 1 thus
put aside Scripture with a species of contemptuous toleration,
I propose to receive without any doubt, whatever has been
delivered, declared, and defined, in sacred canons and general
councils." (Cheers.) Now, if a Roman Catholic would
permit any of you, my dear friends, to ask him a question,
will you ask him whether he would, in his conscience and his
heart, object to see these two clauses change places—to see
the Scriptures spoken of in the language in which councils
and tradition is honoured, and to see the authority alone which
Romanists ascribe to the Scriptures given to their canons
and councils? In other words, to say this—" I receive,
without any doubt, all things declared in God's Holy Scrip-
tures, and I will consent to receive tradition or canons or
councils provided they contain nothing which is not in perfect
conformity with God's Holy Scriptures." (Loud cheers.)
This would be Catholic doctrine : the doctrine of Pius IV.
is Romish doctrine. (Renewed cheers.) And brethren, I
spoke of putting the question to Romanists : does not such
an examination as that, through which we have been steering,
teach, us that we should be very gentle in our judgment, and
very earnest in our prayer, for the conversion of a people la-
bouring under such difficulties as they ? .Can any reasonable
man feel surprised that a Roman Catholic priest, whose con-
science and judgment have been warped into an acquiescence
in the dogmas of his church, shall offer stedfast opposition to
the Bible ? Remember what it is he has promised to receive,
what.it is he is compelled to promise he will reject. Oh, if
a man has once been brought so low in heart and mind, as
to think that, although God is the author of all Scripture,
Scripture contains snares by which God can bring man to
destruction,—that although God is the author of all Scrip-
ture, there are parts of Scripture which it would bring the
curse of everlasting ruin for a man to contemplate. If a man's
mind and heart are brought into such a state as that, while they
believe God to have raised up a true church, and to have com-
missioned a faithful ministry, and to have given a holy word,
who could, at the same time, believe that this church and
this ministry, may exclude God's word, or interdict it to the
people, and set up as a sufficient standard, as a necessary
substitute, a word which they have framed themselves ? if
men's mindsand hearts have been brought to an acquiescence
to dogmas such as these, then, how can we be surprised to
find that their acts are consistent with these mournful pro-
positions, or how can we feel anything but a sort of mingled
wonder and veneration and thankfulness, to feel and to know
that the Scriptures, thus interdicted, have yet been preserved,
that they are with us still, that the creed against which
Romanism has so despitefully raged, still remains and re-
tains its authority among us ? (Cheers.) There are men
whose delight it is, in their indifference to the truth, and in
their professed love of peace, to discourage all exertions to
make the truth known. (Hear.) They say that the word
from above is peaceable; they should remember that the first
attribute of it is, that it is pure. (Hear.) There are men who
tell you that efforts to disseminate truth have little result ;
but are productive of ill feeling and contention, and dis-
honourable and unchristian discord. Far be it from any of
us to say that even the truth itself may not sometimes be
advocated in a spirit which generates strife ; but if the truth
sets free from acrimonious passions those who teach it, the
heart that is struck out in the controversy in its promulga-
tion, the objections to it and those who maintain the vindi-
cation of it, will not be productive of evil. (Hear.) They
tell us that there is evil ; let it be for those who delight to
shew what is evil in God's dealing, and obnoxious to God's
love, labour in the vocation to which they assign themselves.
Let them desport thernselvesiin discanting upon the strifes and
schisms which have disfigured and rent the church of Christ ;
let them delight themselves, if they please, in saying that
when persecution wearied of its rage against God's church,
left the church to repose, there were internal convulsions
which would not permit it to enjoy it—that strifes and
envyings, jealousies, schism, and heresies rose against it,
andinflicted evil upon it from within more than from without.

Let them say so, gut let them not deprive us of the privilege
of meeting, and from exulting with joy in feeling that although
Pius may have taken their church from God's church,truth wass
never taken from it. (Cheers.) Let us rejoice, that although
it did not enjoy its repose, it was compelled and coerced to
retain the truth. " When they persecute you in one city,
flee ye into another," was a precept which the apostles
illustrated in their lives and conduct ; and it is precisely the
same precept which has been illustrated in the history of the
church. In one place there may have been persecutions,
corruptions, and tyranny so fierce and fell that they silenced
the voice of those who could speak the truth ; but in
another place,—it may be a the same moment,—the
church in the wilderness, in the uninhabited parts, was
introduced in the place which
i n the seat of Peter ; it
speaking the saving truth. (2heers.) The corrupt principle
of the church mightbe
God's church occupied ; it might sit
might parade its corruptions in the assemblies of crowded
resort ; it might have asserted decrees of power and autho-
rity not given to it ; but, at the same time, it never had the
power either to kill or to conquer truth. It could subdue
the truth ; it could reduce it into
abject places, into an ob-
scure state, but it could not retain its seat of power without
having the truth besides it. It was with it, sir, sometimes
as the slave sat with the Roman general in his car of triumph,
reminding him that his triumph was transitory. Like the
two witnesses in the Revelations,. I am not interpreting, I
am only reverentially borrowing an image ; like the two wit-
nesses of the Revelations, there were witnesses throughout
the whole fold of the Christian church ; these were the wit-
nesses of God's truth which he sent down from heaven ;
these were witnesses by which earth lent its acknowledgment
to God's word, the creed, the creed, that venerable tradition,
the ancient creed. These witnesses testified, it may fairly be
said, against the delinquencies and the delinquency of the
whole visible church. There was heresy in it, schism in it,
contests in it, strife in it; but the bible and the creed were
in it too. (Loud cheers.) The bible then—it might be si-
lent and sealed, but the bible was by none adulterated. The
creed was certainly a creed which uttered its voice amid many
corruptions of a false religion ; but the voice which it uttered
was true. (Hear.) Although there were idols in the tern.
Ales wherein it was spoken., although there were corruptions
in the services in which it was read, although there were
falsehoods in the hearts often of those who spoke it, there
was truth in the utterance of thep creed. (Cheers.) It was
a creed which inspired ins hearts a love of truth a
men
knowledge of saving
truth, and which sustained many a heart
throughout the martyr's fire in triumph ; and after many a
century of struggling, under circumstances of ignominy and
has, it may be said already
shame, can we feel other than a. most deep and thank-
ful sense to God, that he
Where is . given this creed the victory?the spot? but doy
not appose I speak of the creed because it is the composition
of man—no, but because it is a bright enumeration of that
great truth which is the central truth of God's blessed word
—this has the victory—is there a spot, I ask, now upon
the civilised earth, in which the British tongue is a9t heard ?

and is there not more than an ordinary consolation in feel
ing that in every spot where England has set her foot, it is
there the pure and good water of life will gush forth, and it
is her desire to be foremost in erecting pillars of testimony !
And not alone where the British tongue is spoken, and pure
religion established, as in these realms, is it acknowledged;
but even where papal despotism is heaviest, and where spi-
ritual destitution is dreariest. Under all disadvantages, the
witnesses, the ancient venerable tradition, the creed, and
the book of God's word, are still known, remembered, and
dreaded. Popery has waged a long war with them, but she
has been condemned to feel that she could not sustain it.
She has endeavoured to entomb them in a living grave; she
has endeavoured to put aside the Bible, and put in its place
a body of the subtle and unchristian glosses and commenta-
ries of unsanctified men (hear); she has endeavoured to cast
upon the creed, the ancient witness, that mighty mass, that
huge and fluctuating mass of canons and councils; but al-
though she has erected a grave, or a tomb, as it were, upon
them (the Bible and the creed)—memorials and mementoes
of her own canons and councils, this creed, this formulary
of Pius the Fourth—even beneath this haughty structure,
there is mysterious life, and sometimes it is felt to move.
Yes ; beneath, entombed and under the mass, the hideous
mass, superimposed upon them, the witnesses of God's truth
live still, and sometimes they are felt to live; and whenever
they move the mysterious mass around, all Romanism trem-
bles—trembles lest the buried witnesses shall come forth,
and, as they ascend from the tomb, the light go up with
them which her enchantments can no longer bind—a light
which shall shew forth the workings of iniquity in their
darkest recesses—a light which shalt spread its sound, spi-
ritual, well-sustained effulgence round, until the temple in
which Romanism reigns shall shrink into its natural dimen-
sions, and expose to light the foul charnel-house,—until
the idols in which multitudes had trusted shall fall prostrate
before the cross,—and until those attractions which hal
brought into Romanism hearts unsustained by the faith,
shall be reft of the illusions that gave them power, and shall
be revealed by the light, as they are pronounced in the words
of Scripture, " dead men's bones, and all manner of un-
cleanness." (Loud cheers, during which the eloquent and
rev. gentleman resumed his seat.)
On the motion of the Rev. F. PARRY, seconded by the
Rev. W. PALLooN, the thanks of the meeting were voted
to Dr. O'Sullivan for his magnificent lecture.
A doxology was then sung, and the meeting separated.
The closing lecture on the Creed of Pins IV., by the Rev.
Hugh M`Neile, was announced for Friday evening, June 10.

MR. NOTTINGHAM'S SECOND LECTURE ON
MESMERISM.

On Friday evening, Mr. Nottingham, surgeon, of this
town, who, it will be remembered, during the stay of M.
Lafontaine in Liverpool, devoted considerable time to the task
of investigating and watching his experiments, delivered his
second lecture upon the subject of animal magnetism, at the
Literary Institution, St. Anne-street, before :highly respect-
able although not very numerous auditory. Having briefly
introduced the subject,
The LECTURER proceeded to insist on the necessity of
studying the phenomena of magnetic somnambulism, or cata-
leysy, in connection with diseases, such as hysteria, epilepsy,
and catalepsy, occurring spontaneously,—the analogy being
shown to be more remarkable than we should at first have
anticipated.

The greater number of the more surprising features of the
magnetised state were said to remember closely the symptoms
of the diseases we have just named, affording fancied illustra-
trations of the power of art, in producing conditions of the
economy, closely allied to such as occur spontaneously, or are
the result of such accidents and causes as account for the or-
dinary appearances of disease; for not only the magnetic
sleep but also the complaints alluded to, and compared with
it, were shown to be frequently produced by mental emotion.;
the unnatural workings of a disturbed imagination being em-
ployed as the key which often seemed to unlock the great
difficulties of the subject, and to remove the veil from the
sanctum sanctorum of its wonders.

The lecturer noticed some curious facts observed by Messrs.
Ferrus and Rostan, and reported by the latter, whose veracity
could not be doubted respecting the condition of clairvoyance,
which appear at first sight to present insurmountable obstacles
to the progress of physiological inquiry.
On one occasion a gentleman took three young girls to the
house of Mr. Roston ; they were in a state of somnambulism
at the time, and knew nothing of the residence of M. Rostan
before, not having been informed respecting the place to which
they were about to be taken. When in M. Rostan's room
the question was put—Do you know where you are ? They
all answered—What a question ! we are at M. Rostan's ; and
next described the darkened chamber in which they were at
the time.

in this instance, if there were any fallacy, its source was
not detected. The following notice of an occurrence, in some
points of view analogous, deserves perhaps to be placed side
by side with it.

In the year 1838 a member of the Institute of France
offered a prize of 3000 francs to any one who should produce
a case of somnambulism, in which the patient might be
able to see, to describe objects, and to read without the use
of the eyes.

A M: Pigeaire, or Pignaine, of Montpelier, accepted the
challenge in favour of his daughter, 13 years of age, and tra-
velled to Paris for the purpose of the exhibition.
A number of seientific men were appointed to superintend
the performance ; the young lady's eyes were tightly ban-
daged, and a book placed before her, on the page of which
she read with correctness and apparent facility, following the
lines, however, with the point of the index finger of the right
hand.

To do away with any suspicion of the reading being done
by the employment of the sense of touch, a pane of glass was
put over the page of the book, and the girl read as before.

To make the experiment more conclusive by adding to the
difficulties, a sheet of paper was now laid over the glass,
which, to the surprise of the by-standers, immediately put a
stop to the reading.
At the next experiment a gentleman present proposed to
M. Pignaire that he should be allowed to bandage the eyes
with a handkerchief which he had brought for the purpose ;
but the proposal was not acceded to. The bandage employed
by Mademoiselle Pignaire was now carefully examined by a
member of the commission of inquiry, and it was found to
contain innumerable small and not easily perceptible aper-
tures made with a needle, or some such instrument ; -and the
gentleman who examined it having tied it beforehis own eyes,
found that through it he could distinguish the different kinds
of playing cards which were thrown onthe table before him.
Here, then, the nature of the deception was tolerably obvi-
ous, and despite the great number of cases of somnambulism
with all the wonderful performances which had been previ-
ously obseived in connection with it—France could not sup-
ply, in the year 1838, a single case of seeing without eyes,
although tempted by the glittering and attractive bait of 3000
francs.

M. Rostan has reported some very interesting cases of
<< clairvoyance," where magnetised patients described some
of the internal parts of their own body : one in particular,
where the position, size, and form of the heart were the sub-
ject of description ; the patient also telling the number of
blood-vessels connected with the central ,organ of the circu-
lation—naming the colour of the fluid ••,: : they contained,
and the rate of circulation—as quicker ower—in different
neighbouring tubes. While M. C: , a recent writer on
this subject, and long on the alert ' such phenomena, has
never seen any case where anato cal descriptions given by
such people were couched in better language, or distinguished
by greater accuracy, than would have accompanied an attempt
in their normal condition and waking hours.
In all the instances observed by M. Calmeil where the
heart, liver, or any other internal organ was described by a
magnetic somnambulist, the approach to correctness was in-
variably such as could be at once associated with that degree
of anatomical knowledge (frequently not amounting to an
acquaintance with the commonest outline of things) which
the patient, as well as others in the same social position,
might be easily supposed to possess.
When the magnetize/described remedies, or suggested their
employment, a like degree of intelligence and a correspond
ing accuracy prevailed ; if an ignorant person were converted
into a sleeping seer, the ptisans, teas, and syrups came recom-
mended by the oracle—not in any new or classic dress, but
with such names as they bear amongst the most experienced
female practitioners, or on the pages of the village Pharma-
cophEea ; in short, the new, or the fancied new, intelligence
on such occasions never went beyond the accuracy or the
science of those written medical documents which are pre-
served by the midwives of every hamlet, and now and then,
by accident, rescued from oblivion by some one raising the
broken lid of a disused teapot in the chimney corner, or
turningupside down the precious things which an antiquated
cupboard contains. •

M.
Rostan details one case where his patient told him—
and this at several different times without any mistake—
whether he (the doctor) had his stomach full or empty. M.
R. does not inform us respecting the possibility of the som-
nambulist knowing his dinner hour ; or attending to the
state of his circulation, or the temperature of his hand while
he was engaged (as might happen) in feeling the pulse. No
doubt he would guard against any possible source of fallacy
of this kind, and would not allow the fair sybil to discover
his condition of plenitude by his breathing the vapours of
wine.

Truth, indeed, is strange !—stranger than fiction! Even
if we were to believe in the existence of the magnetic fluid,
which Mesmer said he demonstrated,—to suppose it capable
of the movements he described, and fancy it yielding to the
influence of his will, we should not have in all this a phe-
nomenon half as surprising as many of those which, from
their every day occurrence, and from the manner in which
they constantly minister to our enjoyments, are lost sight of
because always present, and not appreciated until we are
deprived of them. For who will compare the flight of
Mesnaer's fluid with that of the invisible source of visibility
—with the light which outstrips the lightning? or allow its
asserted wonders in any way to equal the returning emana-
tions of the sun ? Yet all this has been done!

—Wier; would not be anything wonderful in all the practices
of Mesmer, supposing every fact to be real, every influence
he assumed to be really possessed, if compared with the power
of the human eye, or the endowments of its central aperture
known to every one. For that, on one hand, we should take
in the aspect of the distant celestial orbs, measure their
mighty mass, or estimate their periodic revolutions—while,
on the other, with the aid of the microscope, we aspire to cal-
culate the myriad of animalcules which a single drop of water
contains—and that not only all this, but even the wide pic-
ture of nature, and the faithful representation of all created
things, should, in travelling to the mind, have to find their
way through an organic aperture, the pupil of the eye, (at
mid-day scarcely larger than the head of a pin,) and that, be-
yond this, they should drop on a living canvas, of barely an
inch in diameter, which receives with equal ease, and trans-
mits with equal truth, the fascinating tints of a Titian, or the
startling gloom of a Itembrandt—is certainly to be looked
upon with more surprise, as a well-known work of God, than
are any of those productiobs of the hypertrophy of fancy
which are now-a-days so common amongst men.
The lecturer concluded by remarking, that any investiga-
tion which, directly or indirectly, might tend to throw light
on the hitherto halt' studied functions of the nervous system,
ought to be regarded as valuable and praiseworthy, and that
no inquiry or experiment connected. with this subject, how-
ever fallacious it might at first sight appear, should he con-
demned as unfair, or slighted as contemptible, until it could
be associated with that dishonest intention which, in some
instances, has been mistaken for philosophical zeal. Indeed,
it deserves to be remembered, that the bold empiricism of
Panacelsus, and the reveries of Van Helmont and the alchy-
mists, did their share in paving the way to that development
of modern chemistry, which has adorned the civilized world
with its productions, and astonished man with his own power.
At the conclusion of the lecture, which was received
throughout with the marked applause of the audience, a vote
of thanks to Mr. Nottingham for his kind explanations of
this mysterious subject, was passed by acclamation.

A young man, respectably attired, shot his brains out on
Saturday morning, on Croydon Common. On the blank
leaf of a book found in his pocket was written, " Because of
not knowing how to make better use of my brain, I have
come here to shatter it."

RIGHT OF PROPERTY IN WlND.—Water-mills were at one
time, particularly on the continent, included among the re-
galia or rights of the crown; and, on the introduction of wind-
mills. this assumed right was extended over air as well as
water. A whimsical instance of the attempted exercise of
this privilege is on record. It seems that the Augustine
monks belonging to the monastery at Weindsheim, in the
province of Overyssel, were desirous of erecting a wind-mill
in the neighbourhood; but the lord of the soil opposed their
project, on the extraordinary presumption__ that the wind in
that district belonged to him. Upon this the monks applied
g rtee
r buts.
ahtiemn p
to the Bishop of Utrecht, who decided, in a towering passion,
that no one had power over the wind in hisant
granted
fee:
tsoelft
h; e andgoo
good
thereupon heuu immediatelymonks.—Guide
io rI

130ttrp.

THE SINGLE MAN.

BY MRS. ABDY.

He meets the smile of young and old, he wins the praise of all,
He is feasted at the banquet, and distinguished at the ball ;
When town grows dull and sultry, he may fly to green retreats,
A welcome visitor in turn at twenty country seats ;
He need not seek society, for do whate'er he can,
Invitations and attentions will pursue the Single Man.

Fathers and brothers anxiously attempt his taste to suit ;
O'er manors without number 'tis his privilege to shoot ;
Political opponents to his principles concede;
He quatTs the finest Burgundy, lie rides the fleetest steed ;
And never yet were families, since first the world began,
United, blest, and fond as those who court the Single Man,

The price of bread, the price of funds on him inflict no ills,
He fears no winter avalanche of tradesmen's lengthy bills ;
" Academies" and " Colleges" he passes calmly by;
Nor casts on " ruination shops" a sad and timid eye;
The rates of " Life Insurances" be never cares to scan,
" Trustees" and " jointures" boast no powers to rack the
Single Man.

But years steal on, and he begins with careful folks to class,
And shuns the pic-nic scramble, and the dinner on the grass,
And dreads the cold spare chamber, and the crowded hall of

. __ _....—.
mirth,
And loves the spreading easy-chair, and blazing quiet hearth ;
And votes warm rooms, and early hours, the best and wisest
plan ;
And home affords few comforts to the ailing Single Man.

Ile lacks a true and kindred heart his joy and grief to share.
He lacks the winning tenderness of woman's gentle care ;
No children gather round him, a beloved and loving train,
Eager to win a father's smile, and sooth their father's pain ;
He rates his poor dependants as a mercenary clan.
Attachments come not ready made to cheer the Single Man.

He stirs the fire, undraws the blind, and counts the clock's
dull chime,
Acquaintance sometimes sit with him five minutes at a time,
Longer they cannot really stay, so nervous he is grown,
It seems a charity to go, and leave him quite alone!
No earnest eyes to his are raised, his changeful looks to scan,
The bland physician's queries must suffice the Single Man.

Ye " eligibles " ponder, to my warning lay attend,
Flirtations, waltzes, and duets, one day must have an end ;
0 ! wait not then till prosiness and peevishness shall come,
Choose in the summer time of life a bride to bless your home ;
Let chaperons for others weave the sly and subtle plan,
And only look with pity on the flattered Single Man.

LITERARY NOTICE.

The Case and Claims of the holders of Spanish Treasury
Bonds. By Joseph Tasker, Esq. London : James Ridg-
way, Piccadilly.

The pamphlet before us contains the case of the duped
holders of these Spanish Securities (!) plainly stated in
letters addressed to the Minister of Finance, Senor Surra y
Rull, the Earl of Aberdeen, the Spanish Ambassador, Gene-
ral Sancho, &c. ; and presents to public reprobation an in-
stance of the most barefaced political swindling which ever
disgraced the annals of any nation. In the olden time
" Punic faith" was but another term for treachery; and it
would really seem that, along with the Moorish blood which
runs in the veins of a great portion of the Spanish people,
the present race, or their government at least, have inherited
the treacherous and unprincipled nature of their Punic an-
cestry. In financial matters, at all events, the most un-
stable kind of security must, in all time to come, be ac-

counted to be that which is dependent upon—Spanish

Faith !

We have little

ympathy, we must confess with the Stock

Exchange gamblers whose "greed"—how expressive is-the
word used by our Scottish fellow-countrymen, who, by the way
are well acquainted with the feeling itself, and, of course, able
to describe it !—has led to many simple, and we doubt not,
honest individuals, to invest their hard earned savings in the
rascally and irredeemable rags called Spanish Bonds. We
abhor all these tricky and unprincipled speculations ; and
most assuredly do not pity the thimbleriggers when they
chance themselves to make such a bargain as appears to be
this Spanish one in question. For all this, however, that
government and that nation is worthy only of execration
which violates, as Spain has done, its most solemn engage-
ments ; and the punishment which we would advise for such
national rascality would be the outlawry of the nation itself
from all financial or trading intercourse with civilised and

honest states. Let Spain shew a disposition, even, to pay
her engagements, and we would readily pardon her present
inability ; but if foreign governments are permitted, as Spain
has been, to proclaim their insolvency, in almost the same
breath which came whining to our shores for money, and no
such punishment is inflicted, we must, as our last resource,
shut the purse of the English capitalist to every similar ap-

peal from whatever foreign quarter.
We are told, by-the-bye, that the United States govern-
ment is coming to us for a loan of a million or so. Would
it not be well that that government should first guarantee
the payment of its various State•loaus, which have just now
a rather Spanish appearance?

WHITE SLAVERY IN ENGLAND

(From the Hal
ila oip wlnwincr

Guardian.)

, _rom the report of the
Children's Employment Commission, have roused the sym-
pathies of a crowded auditory, if it bad been told on an Anti-
Slavery platform ?
" One of the most disgusting sights I [J. C. Symons,
Esq.] have ever seen, was that of young females, dressed like
boys in trowsers, crawling on all fours, with belts round their
w aists and chains passing between their legs, at day pits.
* * In one, near New Mills, the 'chain passing high up
between the legs of two of these girls, had worn large holes
in their trowsers; and any sight more disgustingly indecent
or revolting can scarcely be imagined than these girls at
work—no brothel can beat it."
And how would the white handkerchiefs of our fair coun-
trywomen have been bedewed, had the following narration
been given as the words of a married iiegress :—" I have a
belt round my waist, and a chaih passing between my legs ;
and Igoon my hands and feet. The pit is very wet where
I work, the water comes over our clog tops always, and I
have seen it up to my thighs. My clothes are wet through
almost all day long. The belt and chain is worse when we
are in the family way."
Or this :—" I have worked in a pit since I was six years
old. I have had four children; two of them were born while
I worked in the pits. I had a child born in the pits, and I
brought it up the pit shaft in my skirt."
Or this :—" I have wrought in the bowels of the earth 33
years. Have had nine children ; had two dead born ; thinks
they were so from the oppressive work ; a vast of women
have dead children and false births. I have always been
obliged to work below till forced to go home to bear the
bairn, and so have all the other women."
And yet true charity will be as active for these poor Eng-
lish and Scotch women as it was for the African population
of our West Indian colonies. What ! have we paid twenty
millions for the abolition of West Indian slavery, and shall
we hesitate for a moment to put a legislative stop to this
worse than West Indian slavery, this harder than Egyptian
bondage ? Is the philanthropy of England so perverted, that
like the love of Desdemona it moves only towards a black
visage? Or has our English charity such a telescopic eye
that it can only see and magnify distant objects?
Surely not. The " Report" shows (as we may next week
prove) that these barbarities are not required or necessary
(the tyrant's plea) for the purpose of coal getting. The em-
ployment of girls has been forbidden by the Low Moor and
other great companies ; and the use of infant labour can also
be similarly dispensed with. Surely, then, the " philanthro-
pists" (egotistically so-called) will join us in this work of
mercy—this labour of love. The ten hour bill then must
also join us; for there is not a single argtiment against infant
factory labour, that comes not with accumulated force on the
employment of children in coal mines.
Was factory labour commenced at too early an age ?—in-
fants are sent to coal pits at five, four, and even three. Was
factory labour prolonged to a wearisome length ?—the hours
of labour in coal pits are 11, 12, and .13, in Yorkshire and
Cumberland ; in Derbyshire, Durham, and Northumber-
land, from that to 16 hours ; and in the east of Scotland,
from 15 to 18—" from two in the morning till six at night."
Was it the practice in factories to have night work in addi-
tion ?—iu some mines in Northumberland and North Dur-
ham " boys and young men work in the pits what is termed
double and treble shifts, i. e., for twenty-four or thirty-
six consecutive hours ; and some instances are stated of
their having worked quadruple shifts, that is, for 48 con-
secutive hours ;" and John Dixon, 14 years old, says in his
evidence, " Last fortnight I was down the pit three days and
three nights without coining up at all." Is it the tendency
of infant factory labour to cripple the " human form divine,'
and to bring on premature old age ?—we have undeniable
evidence that infant colliery labour produces "a crippled
gait, often connected with positive deformity"—that in York-
shire, Warwickshire, Leicestershire, Shropshire, and Staf-
fordshire, " there are no old colliers"—that in South Dur-
ham " they are generally short lived"—that in Scotland*
" most of the men drop off before they get the length of 40'
years"—that in Derbyshire one race of. them is old at 28 or
30—and that in East Lothian " the men die off like rotten
sheep." Was it proved that the air of factories was perni-
cious ?—and is it not ecivally certain that the atmosphere of
coal mines is more so, and therefore less fit for a child to
whom pure air is more necessary than food itself ? Is factory
labour liable to many accidents ?—and are not coal mines
equally full of danger, though equally open to be made
innocuous if the legislature decree that they shall be so made?

NATIONAL EDUCATION.

(From the Ulster Fimes.)

The subject of national education has long been a matter
of contention in Ireland. It has given rise to a controversy,
in one sense, not yet settled, though all men, who prefer
principle to expediency—who are willing to forego mere
temporal advantages for the sake of adherence to Scriptural
instruction and Christian truth—regard it as set at rest for
ever. Men may flatter themselves into a pleasing belief that
it cannot be far wrong to give up some of their own con-
scientious scruples, if they can thereby secure what they may
regard as substantial benefits. But it is dangerous, indeed,
to adopt such a grievously erroneous idea—an idea that, if
once carried out to its legitimate consequence, might lead to
the rejection of the most important doctrines of Christianity
itself. Besides, we ought to be fully aware of the danger of
countenancing a system which abounds with acknowledged
evils, such as the present Board of Education for Ireland,—
not to speak of the criminal and and ominous silence as to
witnessing against those evils, necessarily, it should seem,
imposed on all who have consented to receive a portion of its
funds. These remarks have been drawn from us by reading
the subjoined letter, from the pen of an able minister of the
Church of England, in reference to the subject of education,
which we shall present to our readers without further preface,
as it sufficiently speaks for itself:—
" TO TILE REV. HENRY MOORE.
" DEAR SlR,—The address to Sir Robert Peel, which you
have been requested to forward to the clergy for signature,
and which, as you report, above eight hundred of them have
already subscribed, I cannot sign, even after its recent alter-
ation. I think that it still states the principle of scriptural
education most vaguely, and our chief objection to the wi-
scriptural system of national education insufficiently; that it
is further capable of being practically interpreted in a sense
which the great majority of the subscribers have whrolVily,
claimed, and is consequent*, on the whole, for more I"``
to do harm than good.

" I am, dear sir, yOurs faithfully,
44 J. B. MARTIN
" Rectory House, Killyshandra, May 17,1842.

Did you ever see two women pass each other in the street,
without each turning round to nee what the other had on ?

STATE OF TRADE.

MANCRESTER.—This being a holiday week, business may
be said to be at a stand, as the mills, printworks, and dye-

works are nearly all stopped, and the proprietors 'areglacrof
the opportunity of curtailing their production, and many talk
even now of stopping until the trade is better. On Tuesday,
in our opinion, the market was extremely flat, and little or
no business transacted : we were, therefore, surprised to
learn that an opposite idea had been formed by others and a
better feeling reported. Sincerely do we hope that we are
wrung, for we are but too glad to perceive even the glimpse
of an improvement, and have had to blame ourselves more
than once for being too ready to give currency to our wishes.
We are glad to find that our fears for the insurance offices in
Hamburg,' are not correct, as they will be able to meet their
engagements. Prices remain steady, and 66's 27-inch power
oom printers may be quoted at 4s. 3d. to 4s. 17-1(1.; 72's.
4s. to 55., some houses refusing to take less than ss. 3d.
—Manchester Advertiser, of Saturday.
BOLTON.—The trade here is still without improvement,
and hope begins to sink almost into despair. Counterpanes
have still a very limited,emand, and fine muslins, quiltings,
&c., appear to be suffering almost a more severe depression
than ever. The demand for cotton yarns is miserably trifling.
The machinery in the greater part of the mills is working
very short time ; in one instance, it is working only so long
as will enable the hands to pay their masters the rents of the
houses they live in. Every class of mechanics, through
short time, and being without employment altogether, are in
a most awful condition. Notwithstanding this, the spinners
have had several meetings during the last week, in' order to
come to resolutions for the further reduction of wages. Some
have proposed a reduction of 27 per cent., artil it is said one
of those who have attended the meetings has proposed a less
reduction than 15 per cent. They have, however, hitherto
been divided, and the consequence has been a general re-
duction has not yet taken place.—lbid.
BRADFORD, THURSDAY.—WooI Market: The transac-
tions in this ranch of our trade, during the week, are not
materially altered from our last report. The spinners ate
still seeking a reduction, which the staplers are compelled to
resist, seeing no chance to procure it from the grower at
prices that admit of the cost of its transit to the consumer.—
Yarn Market : The business done in yarns is to a tolerably
fair extent : perhaps more might have been done had the
spinners given way to the request of the buyers ; but to do
this is impossible, except at a great sacrifice; and yarns are
now sold for less than was ever remembered, while wool is
still higher. An opinion is gaining ground that yarns have
seen their lowest point, even though wool should recede fur-
ther.—Piece Market: This being the Whitsuntide holyday,
also an extra session for the trial of prisoners, our town has
been very busy with idlers; but in business matters no change
of a material character has taken place. Orleant d Meri-
noes'appear to have been going to a fair extent,' *hope,
before the expiration of many weeks, the step*
.otanufac-
tared goods in the market, which we learn is)i, otluiftWy, will
be much reduced.—lbid.
BLACKBURN.—The cotton trade here was never in such a
deplorable state before. The machinery in several mills is
at a complete stand ; in two factories the hands are only
partially employed ; and the operatives at other mills have
been reduced in their wages, within the last six months,
thirty, and in some instances as much as fifty, per cent.
Several masters declare that they would rather stop their
works than manufacture under present circumstances.--
Hand-loom weaving is in a most deplorable state : one kind
of work, twenty yards long, forty inches wide, and fifty picks
to the inch, is woven for fivepence : nearly one-half of the
hand-loom weavers are entirely without employment. The
power-loom weavers can earn from ss. to Bs. 6d. per week ;
but they have been taxed With 9d. per loom. In addition to
paying high rents to the cotton masters, the tenants are now
forced to pay the poor-rates, which their landlords used to
pay. About three years ago, there were upwards of 400
masons employed in the town and neighbourhood : at pre-
sent, there are about 50 in employment. Other trades in
the vicinity are much in the same deplorable state.—lbid.
TRADE OF LEEDS.—The demand for woollen goods
throughout this district still continues inactive, and the
transactions at the Cloth Halls present little matter for com-
ment. In the warehouses there has been a slight improve-
ment in the demand within the last ten days, bat all parties
complain of ruinously low prices.—Leeds Intelligencer, of
Saturday.

ROCHDALE FLANNEL MARKET, MAY Ig.—We have had
a better demand for goods to-day, and a considerable quan-
tity have sold without any advance in price. In the wool
market there is no change to report.
HUDDERSFIELD MARKET, TUESDAY.—SO little altera-
tion has taken place in the state of this market for several
weeks past, up to this day, that opinion is scarcely divided
as to its fixed character of one continued series of struggles
for existence. However, it is satisfactory to state, that it
was no worse ; in fact, considerable business was done in
light fancies for the home market, and in heavy woollens for
shipment ; still, prices are unremunerating generally. Wools
are stationary, and in fair demand. Business in the ware-
houses has slightly improved ; but no great things may be
expected until the tariff is settled.

Her Majesty the Queen enters on her 24th year this day,
the 24th May.
HINT TO MUSICAL MEN.—If you would like a tune or
two at dinner, tell your wife she is not so handsome as the
lady across the way.

SUGAR IN THE OLDEN TIME.—In the reign of Henry the
'Fourth of France, sugar was so rare in that country, that it
was sold by the ounce by apothecaries, nearly as Peruvian
bark is now sold.—Echo du Monde Savant.
A BRIGHT YOUTH.—There is a boy in Salem so bright
that his mother has to look at him through apiece of smoked
glass.—New York Paper.
OBJECTION TO IRISH CARDINALS•—There has been a car-
dinal of every nation except an Irish one ; perhaps lest he
should encroach upon the authority of the Pope—in making
bulls.

EDITORIAL COMPLIMENT.—The editor of the New York
Brother Jonathan, speaking of a particular production of his
brother editor of the New World, describes it as " a cata-
ract of red water from the nose of a genuine wooden pump."
On Saturday night, between eleven and twelve, a poor man
was drowned in the Thames. He was in a boat, which was
upset by a steamer coming up the river at the time.
PROPERTY TAX.—The motion for the third reading of the
property tax bill now stands deferred till Friday next.
A subscription is now raising for the purpose of erecting
and endowing new churches and chapels in the parish of §t.
Pancras, London. The church accommodation is only suf-
ficient for 18,000 persons, while the total number of inha-
bitants, according to the late census, is 129,598.
ROMAN CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL AT YORE.—We are
informed that the information we had received respecting the
extent of the purchase, and the money collected for the erec-
tion of a new Catholic church in York, is not correct. The
sum available for that purpose amounts to no more than
between £2OOO and £3OOO.
COPPER MINE.—It is stated, that through the exertions
of Mr. W. Fox, of Carlisle, a rich vein of copper has been
discovered at Haygill, on Caldbeck Fells. In driving for the
main vein, a rich string of ore, from seven to eight inches in
depth was found ; and a specimen of this ore, said to be the
richest ever discovered in those Fells, weighing upwards of
three stones, is now to be seen in his shop in Carlisle.
ARRIVAL OF TEA FROM CHINA.—On Saturday forenoon
the ship Alexander Baring, Captain Hale, arrived in the
London docks from Canton, with a large and valuable cargo
of tea and other merchandise. In the evening, the ship
Themes Sparkes, Captain Sparkes, also from China, arrived
at the St. Katharine 's dock, likewise with a valuable and ex-
tensive cargo of tea, &c. Other ships from China with teas
are daily expected to arrive in the Thames.
AN ANAGRAM.—The Gazette de France gives the follow..
ing as the fragment of a way-bill picked up at the Versailles
station, the rest of the paper having been used by Mr. George
to light his pipe before lie went off with the fatal train :
~ A. No. 45. Chemin de Fer de la Rive Gauche. 8 Mai.
Depart a une heure A- s." The letters of this, it adds, may
be transposed into the following anagram :—" tine machine
a 4 roues to fera perdre la vie Dimanche 8, a 5i heures ."
The letter D alone remains over.—Galignani's Messenger.
A PREVALENT MISTAKE.—A sentiment that it matters
not what a man believes, so that he is sincere, is as unscriti-
tural as it is absurd. Sincerity of belief has no more effectin
warding off evil in the spiritual, than in the natural kingdom.
If the teachings and persuasions of a reputed chemist should
prevail on you " to believe" that arsenic is harmless would
it therefore be harmless ? Could you mix it with your bread,
and you or your children eat it withbut injury to health and
life ? Oh, no ! Neither will the sincerity of your belief save
you from the consequence of error in religious faith. Right
belief—truth, God's truth, is the only foundation on which
you can safely rest your hopes. But true belief is not a
mere act of the understanding; it involves exercises of the
heart ; the emotions are purified, and love pervades the soul.
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.—On Saturday there were
for the first time this season green peas of home growth at
30s. to 40s. per half-sieve. New potatoes were from 4d. to
9d. per pound, and new Cornish kidneys, 3s. to Gs. per doz.
pounds. There was also a good supply of brocoli of very
large size from Cornwall, at Gs. to Bs. per dozen bunches,
the supply of these articles from this county increasing every
year. Young carrots anti turnips have now snpo. Fruit i
elrsededthe
old crops, and cauliflowers are becoming plentifs
becoming more plentiful, but keeps up its price. Cherries
are 255. to 30s. per pound ; hothouse grapes, from ss. to 10s.
per pound ; strawberries, 4d. to 9d. per ounce; and peaches
and nectarines are becoming more plentiful, but still main-
taindozen ; green
meerosedaaietbuearterir;
xplerls. to 30s. per barge of six
werettieery priceobueodf
abundant at
ttofr3ooms .
half-sieves ; green currants, 6s. per half-sieve; and apricots,
6d. per Pottle. Amongst the noveltieLsainnseitiliveeorfflower market
were many fine cactuses, combretums, ixias, gerdenias, &e
ha
annid
sstoeamde,
which beautiful
carried roses
away from
thel large
Horticultural Society's show at Chiswick.
SPAIN.—It is rumoured in the financial circles
of Madrid,
that the government contemplated to issue a n
hg interest at 3 per cent. to the amount of eisTan, bear-
reals. Government proposed receiving in ' 00,0°°000 payments of it
1,000,000,000 reels of existing securities (5
100,000,000 in specie, and provides out of pert epernotsceelanfodr
the payment of the dividends down to the month of June,e
1844. The government would moreover deposit in the
the of San Fernando 160.000,000 reals guaranteed by
the revenues derived from tobacco and quicksilver, and bills
on the government of Cuba and Porto Rico, in order to se-, cjuorneet,hleB4psa,yminecnlttisoivfot.heDsuobobsetq:,itt dsioviodceenssdsoftothteheoan3Othwaset
entertained at the quarters best informed. Ministers were
unceasing in their deliberations on the best means for im-
proving the financial condition and credit of the countrYtbuo
the difficulties to be surmounted were formidable.
a work-
CURIOUS DISCOVERY.---On Monday last, as some old
men were employed in clearing away the ruins
°Clarke of
dwelling-house on the estate of Mr. Orm
Dutton Hall, near Welsden, preparatory to the depth
a new mansion on the spot, they discovered,
nd, a num-
of nearly ten feet below the surface of the 8.r°1.1
e - e up-
ber of partly decayed blocks of wood.° nearthen centre
treadterection of
wards in length, and of considerable gln.uwa ay to a smaller
water ; but,
and extremity of one end, but sloPesuat
circumference at the other.
If some wooden pipes used
first conjectured
that the blocks were the remains 0
for the purpose of draining Bof 17Vueluinagl bore or orifice
on a closer inspection, no gs_
si-ntb the workmen, in striking
could be discovered. Atl!ecg, broke away a portion, and
ng remains of a human ske-
exposed to view the
thnei
other blocks, seven n all, were then
the bodiesi . The remains! remains were discovered, and it
forced open, and similar
rude receptacles had been used for
leton. Several of t
was evident that
coffins,these
a sufficient space having been exca-
vatedthe purpose of
theheci:obputlden
singularly constructed habitations
in several of these
dust on being exposed to the !es for the
and likewise
air. From
dead crumbled
rnible marks on the lids of
in eac
the scarcely discs the coffins, con-
sisting carved crucifixes, croses, &c.,
• ting of ru- in which th
sis lity
from the loca
hforto r
ains are those of monk- vered, it is conjec-
" I shot the hare
been a house s, Duttong-hall hav-
ing formerlyor monastery.-21fontrore
Standard.
. onour and glory,"
inistas,._‘‘ Plaise yer lordship's h
tured that thereto
religious
~ By,aecident," remarked Captain entirely by accident."
dent, ' continued the postilli O'Halloran: "By acci-
dent,
the baste ran across on. " I was firing at a bush,
rejalied Tim,
my aim,
" The gamekeeper tells
ship. " Och ! don't a differentstory," replied his lord-
Tim Ryan, ~
when
irt faith in what that man says," said
any how. He told e niver cares about spaking the truth
fit to fill the chair olflae, " tother day, yer lordship was not so
claimed Viscount _justice as a jackass !" "Ay, ay," ex-
say ?" "Plaice
Kdskiddery, " indeed, and what did Ton
yer lordship, I said yer lordship Was. '—
Fraser' s Magazie,