The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-09-02 00:00:00

CHINES!! STORY,

" THE LEAP.NED TAILOD."
(Transtateelfrong the Chinese by M. Stanislas Julien, Mem-
ber of the Institute.)

[The following narrative, extracted from the judicial
records of China, is interesting, inasmuch as it gives some
curious particulars and details relative to the manners
and character of the people of the " Celestial Empire."]
There formerly resided in the province of Chan-Tong a
worthy Bachelor of Arts, whose family name was Pong, and
his surname ling-Fong. lie went some time ago in the capi-
tal, for the purpose of taking his degree as licentiate, in com-
pany with his wife Hiu-Chi. On arriving at the gate called
" Si-Hoa-Men," (the gate of the " Flower of the West,")
they proceeded to the Hotel of Madame Wang. Here he
found, to his great regret, that the examination would not
take place for six months to come; he was, therefore, de-
sirous of returning home to his family,—but the journey was
a long one, and his funds were exhausted. He was conse-
quently compelled to remain at Pekin until the examination
should take place. His wife (Hiu-Chi) remained all day
long in a room in the first floor, where she occupied her time
in embroidering pillow cases and shoes adorned with flowers ;
she then went out and sold her handicraft, in order thereby
to earn a subsistence for herself and husband.

At this period there lodged in the house of a M. Tchou,
situate opposite the hotel of Madame Wang, a certain licen-
tiate possessing the not very euphonous patronymic of Yao-
hong-In. Having repeatedly gazed upon the face of Madame
Hiu (the wife of the candidate for university honours,) the
bloom upon which far eclipsed that of the peach-blossom, he
inquired a few particulars concerning her of Madame Wang,
and asked her to what province she belonged. " She is,"
replied the lady, " the wife of M. Pong, Bachelor of Arts."
" I should like uncommonly," replied Yao, " to have a few
moments' conversation with her ; could you by any means
procure me an interview with her ?" Madame Wang per-
ceived the secret intentions of Yao, and immediately devised
a stratagem. " I can do much better," she exclaimed,
" than merely procuring you an interview. The worthy
Bachelor of Arts is now rather hard up for cash, and he will
not be sorry to obtain a little by selling his wife !"—" If that
be the case," answered Yao, " I leave this affair altogether
in your hands, and I agree beforehand to all the arrange-
ments which you may think proper to make."

Madame Wang, being aware that M. Pong was really in
want of money, and that moreover he was in debt for the
rent of his apartments, immediately went up stairs in order
to see Madame Hiu. She found her seated near her bus
band. "M. Pong 1" exclaimed the landlady, " you had
better go to the outside of the southern gate of the palace, as
you may there obtain some profitable employment in writing
placards, &c." " Madame Wang is right," replied his
wife, " pray go there immediately."
Ing-Fong yielded to their entreaties, took a little brush,
and proceeded without delay to the southern gate of the pa-
lace to obtain employment in copying bills and placards.
Soon after his arrival, an officer attached to the Imperial
Observatory stopped Ing-Fong, and asked him whether he
was a calligraphist. Upon his answering in the affirmative,
the officer conducted him to the Imperial Observatory, and
presented him to his excellency Li, by whom he was ordered
to go to the eastern gallery and copy some reports addressed
to the Emperor.
In the evening he returned to his hotel, and exclaimed to.
Madame Wang and his wife, " Thanks to your good advice.
I have succeeded in gaining admittance to the Imperial Ob-
servatory, where I am employed in the office of his Excel-
lency Li, as a copier of official documents." " Our affairs
are looking up wonderfully," replied Madame Hin to her
husband, " it is now
_your turn to give some proofs of your
zeal and application." At these words Madame Wang was
transported with joy. "M. Pong," cried she, " his Excel-
lency Li is extremely partial to persons svho are assiduous
and hardworking; if, when you go back to-morrow to your
office. you remain there one whole month without returning
home (!) his Excellency will be filled with esteem for you,
and if, at a future period, you should solicit any employment
you will perhaps obtain it through his extensive influence.
As,for your wife, do not be at all uneasy on her account, she
shall continue to reside with me !"

Ing-Fong yielded to these arguments without making the
least opposition. He went away, taking with him his little
boy, and did not re-appear at the hotel of Madame Wang
for several days.
The last-mentioned lady ran without a moment's delay to
the licentiate Yao, and informed him that M. Pong was dis-
posed to sell his wife. Yao could hardly contain himself for
joy, and eagerly inquired what price he demanded. Madame
Wang replied that he only asked 100 ounces of silver (equal
to 750 f., or about £3O sterling !) Yao immediately counted
out the 100 ounces, adding 10 ounces more (equal to 75f.) as
commission money for Madame Wang.
Madame Wang then asked Yao to what country he was
about to proceed, in order to fulfil the duties of his new ap-
pointment. He replied, that he had been appointed to the
prefecture of Tchin-Lieou. "M. Pong promises," added
Madame Wang, " that just as you are on the point of embark-
ing, he will send his wife to the boat in a sedan-chair." " I
set out immediately," replied Yao ; " I will therefore wait
for her in the boat, which is now lying in the bay of Tchang."
Madame Wang hereupon summoned some porters, and re-
turned to seek Madame Hin. " Madame," she exclaimed,
" your husband is employed in the office of his Excellency
Li, who gives him board and lodging, and makes him ex-
ceedingly comfortable. He has just sent some porters to
carry you thither, in order that you may live with him."
Madame Hiu instantly packed up her clothes, and got into
the sedan-chair; which was conducted by Madame Wang
to a boat lying in the bay of Tchang, already mentioned.
Madame Hill, having got out of the chair, perceived that it
was a Mandarin's boat. Shq accordingly turned to Madame
Wang, and asked her why she was brought to this place,
when her husband had sent for her to come and live with
him at the Observatory. " Madame," answered the land-
lady, " I must tell you the plain truth. M. Pong, finding
himself in a state of extreme distress, is fearful lest your life
should be made unhappy. He has therefore given you up,
in order that you might become the wife of M. Yao, who is
now prefect of Tchin-Lieou. As that gentleman is not yet
married, he will treat you as a lady of the highest rank.
Could you possibly meet with better luck ? Here is the deed
by virtue of which M. Pong transfers you to another husband
for the ' consideration' of 100 ounces of silver. Look at it,
and you will see that I speak the truth 1" Madame lliu had
not even the courage to glance at this pretended contract, but
lowered her head without uttering a syllable. She was, in
short, compelled to accompany the Prefect Yao to the town
to which he was appointed.

At the expiratiOn of one month the worthy Bachelor of
Arts, M. Pong, returned; and not finding his wife he called
up Madame Wang, and asked her where his beloved Iliu-Chi
was gone. The latter, after first complaining of his unjust
suspicions, replied, " A short time ago you sent hither some
porters with orders to take your wife away, and conduct her
to your new place of residence. You now come and declare
that you have seen nothing of her, for the base purpose of
cheating me out of my rent. Butl am not to be robbed in
this way. No! I will go immediately in quest of the soldiers
belonging to the tribunal (of justice); I shall then, at all
events, make sure of your person, and stand some chance of
being paid." Poor Ing-Fong, being unfortunately without
a farthing of money in his pocket, entreated Madame Wang
not to prosecute him, and retired, vainly attempting to stifle
his tears and sobs.

Ing-Fong, six months after this event, being still in a state
of the most abject poverty, applied himself to the study of
the " craft and mystery" of tailoring, and ultimately set up
shop as a " knight of the shears." One day 'Teng, the secre-
tary to the Tribunal of the Magistracy, was in want of a
tailor. He happened to meet Ing-Fong and took him home
to his house. Ing-Fong had already been employed a fort-
night in making for the secretary a new suit of clothes, when
Tsin-Tsai, a young domestic attached to the office of Teng,
happened by chance to bring the tailor two cakes for his
luncheon. Ing-Fong, perceiving that his son was %crept in
a profound sleep, kept the two cakes with the intention of
giving him his share when be awoke. Upon Tsin-Tsai en-
quiring why he did not eat the cakes, Ing-Fong related to
him from beginning to end the dire misfortune which had
befallen him. " Sir," exclaimed Tsin-Tsai, sobbing, " I will
henceforth eat no more cakes, but will keep all that are given
me to appease the hunger of your son." When Tsin-Tsai
returned to the house of his master, he related to Madame
Teng all that he had just heard. Now, it happened curiously
enough that M. Tang was a native of the province of Chan-
Tong. His wife was struck with the account given by Tain-
Tsai • she ordered him to call in the tailor, and stationing
herself behind a screen, requested him to relate the whole
of his story from beginning to end. Ing-Fong related, with
many tears, all the circumstances attending the abduction of
his wife. When he had concluded, she said to him, " Mr.
Bachelor of Arts, you have no occasion to make any more
clothes. Remain in my house until the return of my hus-
band, to whom I will explain your situation, and whom I
will also entreat to procure you a situation." A short time
afterwards, M. Teng re-entered his house. " Sir," said
Madame Teng to him, " This tailor of yours is no common
working man, but a Bachelor of Arts, of the province of
Cban-Tong, who is waiting to take his degrees as licentiate.
His wife having been stolen away from him, he found him-
self in utter destitution, and learned the trade of a tailor, in
order to earn a scanty subsistence • pray, Sir, use your inter-
est in favour of this poor man, who, I would add, is a fellow-
countryman of yours."
M. Teng then called Pong-Ing-Fong, and said to him,
" As you say you are a Bachelor of Arts, have the goodness
to show me your diploma." Ing-Fong drew from his bosom
a little silken bag, from which he took his diploma and pre-
sented it. Teng, seeng that the, tailor's story was true,
said to him, " Mr. Bachelor of Arts, your examination
will not take place untill the 4th moon of next year.
Draw up, to-morrow Morning, a petition, stating that you
belong to a distant province, and that it is impossible for
you to wait until the examination takes place. I will sup-
port the prayer of your petition, and will afterwards endea-
vour to procure you a situation." Ing-Fong followed the
instructions of M. Teng—drew up his petition, and presented
it to the Minister of the Magistracy. Teng immediately got
him appointed assistant prefect of Tchin-Lieon. As soon as
Ing-Fong had received the official intimation of his appoint-
ment, he went to take leave of Madame Wang, his former
hostess. That lady, having poured forth a volley of con-
gratulations, asked him to what province he was appointed.
Ing-Fongreplied, that he was nominated assistant prefect of
Tchin-Loon. On hearing this, Madame Wang was terribly
frightened, and knew not what in the world to do ! " Your
Excellency," exclaimed she to Pong, " has resided in my
house for several years, and I fear I have been wanting in
respect to your Excellency ! Permit me to present your Ex-
cellency with a robe of blue cloth, and to tie up your Excel-
lency's hair with satin ribands of five different colours. Pray
when does your Excellency set out?" " To-morrow morn-
ing," replied Ing-Fong, who forthwith took his leave and
departed. Madame Wang immediately summoned her little
brother, Wang-Ming-I, and said " Fong, who was a short
time ago merely a Bachelor of Arts, has just ob-
tained a high appointment. Teng, the Secretary to
the Minister of the Majestry, bas intrusted him to carry
500 ounces of silver to his family. Run after him—kill him,
and bring me back his head ! We will then divide the
moneylinto three portions, of which you shall take two, and
inysa
myself one!" Wang-Ming-I foilowed her advice, and suc-
ceeded,Excellent
drawing
ylvsitl
head, g out his knife. by travelling day and night, in overtaking Pong at
Lin-Tsing. " Halt'!" cried he to Pong, at the aame time
cstuotpopffinghihsimEx,
providentially was about
o
whentitifee. Heknife
slipped out of his hand, and fell u • pon the ground. Wan"-
Ming-I hereupon abandoned his murderous • •
intention, and
asked Pong whether, during his
stay at Pekin, he had ex-
posed himself to the vengeance or indignation of
Ing-Fong informed him with tears
of the conduct of Madame
Wang. ming-I acquainted him in return with the barba-
rous commission which he had received from that woman
He then contented himself with cutting off a few tresses.
from the child's head. Ing_Fong also gave Ming-I the robe
with which Madame Wang had presented him some days
previously. The latter took these things and carried them
back to Madame Wang. " I have killed M. Pong, the
Bachelor of Arts," said be ; " and as a proof of it, here are
the tresses of his hair and his robe!" At these words she
was filled with joy, and exclaimed,—" Thanks to your exer-
tions ! the root of the misfortune is extracted !"

Ing-Fong, meanwhile, proceeded to Tchin-Lieou ; he had
resided there some months in his new capacity, when his
sons happened by chance to enter the house of Prefect yao!
His wife, on beholding the child, instantly recognised him as
her long-lost son, but she was utterly at a loss to imagine
what had brought him to that part of the country. Yao.
Hong-Iu in the meantime having prepared a splendid ban-
quet, invited his adjunct and his wife to come and partake of
it. Madame Iliu was placed behind a screen, but having
recognised in the person of the Assistant-Prefect her former
husband Pong, she hastily rushed from her place of conceal-
ment, and Ing-Fong having also at the same moment recog-
nized his beloved wife Hiu-Chi, the long divided pair rushed
into each other's arms, shedding
oceans of tears. After the

first ern6tions of lay had subsided, they related by turns all
the ineidenta that had happened to them since their unfor-
tunate separation. The Prefect Yao was so terrified, that he
remained motionless as a statute; without been able to utter
a single ejaculation. The happy pair returned together to
their house., where the mother-was once more re-united to
her beloved child. Ing-Fong immediately addressed a com-
plaint to the tribunal of Khai-Fong-Fou. The judge, Pao-
Kong, was highly indignant at the conduct of the Prefect,.
and reported the case to the Emperor. He condemned Yao
to work as a slave in the garrison of Wou-lin. Not content
with this, he also despatched two of his myrmidons (rejoic-
ing in the names of Tchang-Long-E and Tchao-Hou) to the
capital, with orders to repair to the gate of the " Flower of
the West." These trusty emissaries seized Madame Wang
and brought her before the tribunal of the angry judge, who,
having examined her, inflicted upon her a condign and sum-
mary punishment, well worthy of the days of Caliph Haroun
Al Raschid. The judge first caused her to receive 100 stripes
with a bamboo rod, after which he sentenced the wretched
woman to immediate decapitation in the market-place, to the
intense satisfaction of all the inhabitants.

THE MAYOR'S DEFENCE OF TEIE MANCHESTER
BOROUGH MAGISTRATES.

At a late hour we have received a report of the speech of I
Mr. Nield, the mayor of Manchester, at a meeting of the
council of that town, on Wednesday last, in exculpatiOn of
the conduct of the borough magistrates during the recent
disturbances. We should have liked to give this document
entire. We are compelled, however, by the demands upon '
our space to restrict ourselves to a few passages.
Mr. Maude was called upon to deal with that case in one
moment ; and he had no information to justify him, as a
magistrate, in taking any other course than the one he did
take.. It is said that Mr. Maude was so stupid that he
allowed the procession to pass through the town without
doing any thing to arrest its progress. What is the fact ?
The procession was in the town. Mr. Maude asked what
was their object ? "We wish," said they, "to go to Ste-
venson's-square, to excite a feeling of compassion on our
behalf." " Where are you from ?" " From Ashton."
"You have no business to go to Stevenson's-square, and I
shall not allow you to do so : you must return home by a
certain direction." Now at that very moment the turn-
out at the mills had commenced. The people went home ;
the town was cleared of them. There was no evidence to
show that these were the people who had turned out the
individuals from the mills; and there was no evidence to
show Mr. Maude that this was not a procession of the very
same character of which he bad seen a great many others.
Had Mr. Maude known, what was the fact, that the mills
in Ashton, Dukinfield, Hyde, Stalybridge, and Oldham, had
all been turned out, it. would have made a wide difference in
his proceedings. He knew nothing of the kind. Mr. Maude,
or we, as magistrates, may be told that it was our business
to go to Ashton, Hyde, and all these places. I submit that
if it is in the province of the magistrate to be a police-officer,
that may be so ; but I have yet to learn for one that that is
my duty, and I beg to decline it. (Applause.) We were,
as we have stated, in perfect ignorance of all these circum-
stances ; therefore we are not answerable for that which has
occurred at all. (Hear, hear.) It is known to most members
of the council—perhaps not to every one—that on the Tues-
day when this occurred I was in London on business relative
to bills before parliament connected with corporation affairs.
The business which took me to London was concluded on
the Tuesday ; and I arrived in Manchester on the following
morning, by the first railway train from Birmingham.
When 1 arrived at my own house, the first sight which
struck me as unusual was the demolition of the lodge win-
dows at our works. This filled me with astonishment; I
came to inquire the cause, and heard what it was. There-
fore, instead of being allowed an hour's rest, I instantly
ordered a cab. and directed my horse to follow me to the
Town-hall. When I arrived there I found my friend Mr.
Maude was there, with Colonel Wemyss, and Sir Charles
Shaw. We immediately mounted our .horses, and put our-
selves at the head of the military. The magistrates
were immediately assembled, and we immediately began to
consider the measures that it was necessary for us to adopt.
The borough magistrates never lost their post: on the -Wed-
nesday night I don't recollect any magistrate sleeping at the
York Hotel; but from Wednesday night to the present time
they have always been sleeping there; and I am not aware
that up to yesterday this post has been left for one hour,
night or day, Sunday or week-day, since the occurrence of
these circumstances. (Applause.) Mr. Beswick's services
have been extremely valuable to the magistrates on this oc-
casion. (Hear, hear.) This local knowledge, not only of
the localities of the town, but of the people with whom he
had to deal, has been of very great advantage to us—(hear,
hear) ;—and I am happy to say. that I don't recollect one
single instance in which his information has at all misled us.
(Applause.) But, gentlemen, I will say that although a
force was thus organised of 400 to 500, with their periods of
service varying according to circumstances and relieving
each other, yet these were wholly inadequate to meet what
occurred ; for, in the out-districts of the borough, bands of
persons were prowling about, partly begging and partly in-
timidating; and we had the most strenuous complaints,
which the force then at our disposal rendered it impossible
for us adequately to meet. The mayor then noticed the
reasons for calling the, council together, and spoke highly of
the zeal of the councillors.

FASHIONABLE LADY SWIMMERS IN FRANCE

(From a Correspondent of the Morning Post.)

The lingering lionesses (of fashion) occupy public atten-
tion by the display of a new accomplishment, in which they
promise to surpass the greatest masters of the art—this art
being that of swimming ! If you pass betwixt four and six
o'clock before the establishment of cold baths on the Quai
d'Orsay, you behold there the most brilliant equipages of
the fairest leaders of fashion—equipages awaiting the Pari-
sian Nails, whose gambols in the (doubtfully) pure stream
of Father Seine their shouts and laughter do not allow you
to doubt of. Amongst the most celebrated and the most in-
trepid of these fair swimmers are found the pretty blue-
stocking Comtesse d'Hausee—and the Cnmtesse de S—,
chief favourites of the river god ; and in right of this protec-
tion, boldly venturing out in the open tide of the river. But
a short time back they had a rival, who outshone them all.
The brilliant Marchioness de c—, who has deserted the
flowery banks of the Seine for the shores of the ocean, where
she dictates the laws of fashion and gives the ton, and is im-
plicitly obeyed by the fair English as well as the browner
French voyageuseg. During the whole summer natation
had become the ruling passion of this lovely and eccentric
MarclOness, and had
supplanted the love of field sports and
Havannah cigars. Fortunately at Dieppe she is able to in-
dulge in this new all-surpassing fancy, and to execute her
exquisite feats and dimly-discerned attitudes on a bolder
scale. At Dieppe, the rendezvous of the most distinguished
society in Europe, instead of bathing machines, little tents
are set up on the beach—the ladies put on, besides close-
fitting jackets, those wash leather unmentionables considered
in England as the insignia of domestic domination, and at-
tended each by a professor of the art, boldly venture out to
sea. Nothing so startling, when you are out rowing, than to
encounter all at ones a lovely Nereid, with the attendant
Triton, breasting the wave ! The author of this revolution
of fashion amongst Parisian ladies is becoming daily more
and more popular. His name is Ouarnier. The illustrious
Ouarnier, proprietor of the rendezvous of all young and
pretty women in Paris—professor of natation to venturesome
beauties. This man is decidedly a demi-god on earth—he
enjoys the privilege of beholding exclusively the sports of
the fairest nymphs of the globe,
" When unadorned, adorned the most."
They all seek his approbation, of which the least glance is
the greatest of favour
"s. As' I listened on the quay I heard
one lady crying out, OM. Ouarnier, tenez moi !" Others
..M. Ouarnier, je me jette ! M. Ouarnier, je fais Planche
M. Ouarnier, je fais la Perche !" Such are the piquanteS,
exclamations and adjurations that burst out simultaneously
from the voices of 200 syrens, and to which he must answer
as fast as he can—the most obese, black, and stunted mortal
imaginable, but at the same time the most clever, virtuous,
and valiant of master swimmers.

CRICKET.—The match between Sussex (with Fuller Pilch:
and All England, terminated on Wednesday in favour of
Sussex by six runs.

BIGAMY.—The Rev. Stephen Aldhouse, late lecturer at
Allhallows, London, was sentenced to seven years' trans-
portation, at the London Centril Criminal Court, for the
crime of bigamy.

CHOLERA.—Several cases of this malignant disease have
just occurred, both in Shields and Newcastle, in not a few
instances they have terminated fatally. The disease, of
course, is traceable to the immense quantities of unripe fruit
everywhere exposed, and the warm weather conjoined.
During the sitting of the Wesleyan Conference in Lon-
don,
53 young ministers were ordained. The Rev. J. Jack-
son retires from the editorship of the Magazine, and is to be
succeeded by the Rev. G. Cubitt, with the Rev. 'J. S. Stamp,
as assistant.. The Centenary Fund has realised £210,000;
£BO,OOO of borrowed money on chapels had been paid off,
and the debt of the Missionary Society (1:30,000) has been
reduced two-thirds.

BONE-BARGAINS.—A living ass is said to be better than
a dead lion; but old Cobbett once fancied he could make a
something out of the bones of Tom Paine, which (or sonic
other person's ?) he brought over from America, and offered
for sale in London. Last week a still more extraordinary
bargain was proposed; by advertisement in the Tines news-
paper, viz., the skeleton of Jonathan Wild, for so small a
sum as ;£5. Surely the author of "Jack Sheppard" would
give twice as much for it by private contract.

The following delicate mode of conveying a hint, which
we copy from one of the Jamaica papers, shows, that in the
way of " politeness," the West Indians may even set an
example to ourselves :—A CARD.—A huge dead dog, whose
body is at present lying on the Parade, near to the Poen.-
house, presents his respectful compliments to the Police-
officers, and requests that his remains may be removed as
speedily as possible, to supersede the necessity of an inquest
being,held on him, by the worshipful John Crows.

Tuesday night's gazette announces that the Queen has
conferred the honour of Knighthood upon Charles George
Young, Esq., Garter Principal King at Arms. It also notifies
that in consideration of the distinguished gallantry displayed
by the 13th Light Infantry during the campaigns in the Bur-
mese empire and Affghanistan, her Majesty has approved of
that Regiment's assuming the title of the 13th or Prince
Albert's Regiment of Light Infantry, and of its facings being
changed from yellow to blue.
MARRIAGE OF THE CROWN PRINCE OF HANOVER.—
The Hanover Gazette of the 22d ultimo, contains a royal
proclamation, signed " Ernest Augustus," invoking the
blessings of Providence upon the nuptials of the Crown
Prince. "The amiable and elevated qualities of the bride,"
says the proclamation " and the reciprocal cordial attachment
of the affianced couple, allow 'us confidently to hope that the
happiness of our beloved son, which we have so much at
heart, is fully secured by this union. May divine Providence
bestow upon this union its choicest blessings. We are
assured that our faithful subjects will unite with us in these
our fervent wishes and prayers."
FOREIGN MEAT.—The season is now at hand when the
preserved meats of Hamburg will be in perfection, and we
may then hope for a good supply of them, being prepared
ourselves, from personal experience, to assert their excellence,
and the probability of their becoming a favourite article here.
Some excellently flavoured meat, received from South
America, has recently been shown here on 'Change, and the
numerous tasters among the merchants generally expressed
their approval of it. Of this we can procure an abundant
quantity, if the preservation of it succeeds so as to bear a
long voyage; for even lightly-salted meats for the continent
are apt to suffer before they reach the dealers here._
Observer.

The Liverpool steamer has brought advices from Lisbon of
the 22d instant. Prince Frederick of Austria had arrived in
fiat city in the Bellona frigate, and had set out to visit their
Majesties at Cintra. The address had been carried in the
Chamber of Deputies by the Government, by a majority of
62 votes to 19. The new President had tendered his resig-
nation in consequence of insults he had received from cer-
tain of the opposition deputies, but had been appeased by a
vote of censure upon them by the Ministerial party. The
Spanish slaver lately brought into the Tagus continued to
remain there; and the Gove:nrnent
had informed the
Chamber of Deputies, in answer to an inquiry from one of
the members, that it would not be allowed to sail. The
tariff question remained in slain quo. The treasury was in
great difficulty, and it was reported that an application had
been made to the British Government for permission to
postpone the payment' of the instalment on account of the
expenses of General Clintori's division.

AVRICAN HMICIII4TION TO THE VVERT.INDIES,

[The following letter, from a gentleman. well known itl
his town, appears in the Colonial Gazitle of Wednesday
last :—]
AFRICAN EMIGRATION TO THE WEST INDIES.
To the Editor. of Me Colonial Gazette.
Blackheath, 6th August, 1842.

Sir,—A pamphlet has lately been published by the Anti-
Slavery Society, containing answers to certain queries re-
specting emigration to- the West Indies from the coast of
Africa, circulated by the society among its correspondents.
The gentlemen whose replies are published, with that
spirit which thinketh no evil, charitably suppose that the
advocates of such emigration intend in reality to re-establish
the slave-trade.

As I hare advocated emigration from Africa rather pro-
minently; and have no desire to be considered even by the
reverend correspondents of the Anti-Slavery Society as fa-
vourable to the commencement of a new slave-trade, I send
you the copy of a memorandum on the detail of emigration
which was handed to a member of the West African Com-
mittee, and embodies my views on the subject. 1 think the
most impartial men will allow that the system recommended
is unlike any slave-trade, ancient or modern.

I remain, Six, your obedie;;C;er;ant,

IVIACGREGOit LAIRD.

EMIGRATION FROM AFRICA TO THE WEST INDIES, SUP-
POSING IT CARRIED ON BY H. M. GOVERNMENT.
It is presumed that the inquiries of the West African Com-
mittee have satisfied them-
-Ist. That, owing to the unhealthy nature of the African
climate, it is impossible to use European agency to any ex-
tent in Africa ; that the agents employed to civilize and in-
struct the Africans there must be of their own race.
2d. That the way to create such an African agency, on a
scale sufficiently great to have any effect on the vast mass of
people in Africa, is to bring numbers of them into contact
with Europeans and civilized men of their own race.
3d. That the British colonies in the West Indies are the
only parts of the world where such a contact can take place
on terms of mutual safety. Consequently,
That a free emigration to and from Africa and those colo-
nies is the natural, the quickest, and the only way to bring
such agency into play.
This emigration being therefore necessary on African
grounds alone, the expense, mode of conducting it, and ca-
pability of the colonies usefully to employ the emigrants so
introduced, are important points to be considered.
As to the expense. It fortunately happens that the ma-
chinery in this country for regulating and conducting such
emigration is in existence and operation, in the shape of the
Emigration Commissioners. It is desirable, on many ac-
counts, that no separate office should be created : no neces-
sity exists for it: if, eventually, the present Commissioners
are overworked, their number can be added to. No expense
need therefore be incurred on that head.
The means of transport at present used are vessels char-
teied by different colonies, consigned to different agents. I
object to this system ; as, though at first view it appears
cheaper, in reality it is much more expensive than if done by
the government; as being liable to run into abuse from the
competition of agents paid per head for the emigrants they
procure their employers ; as creating suspicion and distrust
in the minds of the Africans where they see such a competi-
tion and eagerness to procure them, and thereby preventing
numbers availing themselves of the benefits of emigrating
who would readily embark in a government vessel ; and as,
under the present state of our relations with foreign powers
whose flags are used in the slave-trade, liable to obstruction,
delay, and misrepresentation.
I have recommended the establishment of a steatn-commu-
niation, by the government, between the coast of Africa and
the West Indies, and given an estimate of its cost. Its
advantages would be very great, and its cost less than any
other means the government could employ. Its immediate
effect on emigration would be by the quick return of the
vessels to give great confidence to the people, and destroy
the feeling of dread they have of the sea. Incidentally, it
would have a most important effect upon the slave-trade; as
it is probable that if the British government were seen en-
couraging free emigration to their colonies in so decided a
manner, such a panic would be created in Brazil and Cuba,
that not another dollar would be advanced to extend their
plantations or purchase fresh slaves. They are fully aware,
that with abundance of free labour, backed by the wealth,of
Great Britain, the colonies of Guiana and Trinidad can meet,
compete, and undersell them in the markets of Europe. In
this view, if the steam-communication were to cost double
what it will do, the money would be well expended.*
The colony receiving the emigrant should pay a certain sum
per mile for the distance he has been brought, towards the
expence of keeping up the steam-vessels; and binding itself
to find such emigrant a free passage back to the place from
whence he came after three years' residence in the colonY•t
At all times, the steamers should be available to emigrants
wishing to return, on payment of the rate per mile paid on
their arrival in the colony.
As to the capability of the British Colonies to employ use-
fully and profitably a very large addition to their present po-
pulation, a reference to their exports in 1831 and 1840 will
show, that to bring their producing powers up to what they
were ten years ago, will require more emigrants than the
steam-vessels proposed could convey in several years.
IMPORTS FROM THE BRITISH WEST INDIES.
1831. 1840
Sugar - Cwts. 4,103,800 .. ....... 2,200,000
Rum . . Galls. 7,844,157
C0tt0n...... Lbs. 2,401,685
Pimento.... Lbs. 1,800,355
Coffee...... Lbs. 20,130,802
But much more than equalling their former production is re-
quired; for the consumption of sugar in this country would
be increased by the reduction . of price to at least 300,000
tons, and, by allowing its use in distilleries and breweries, to
500,000 tons per annum ; which additional consumption may
all be supplied by our West India Colonies. This .is irre-
spective of the consumption of Europe; and the statement
is made to show that we have within ourselves the power of
consuming live times as much sugar from the West Indies
as we now do, provided we could pay for it in manufactures.
Our present consumption is paid for chiefly in goods that are
peculiarly of British make, and in which we excel and un-
dersell the world. To show the taste of the Negro popula-
tion in the West Indies. a few of the items are given which
comprize the increase of £1,000,000 sterling in our exports
since 1831.
Value of exports in 1831
Value of exports in 1840
Increase
Principal articles of increase, viz.'
Imports for the British West Indies—
Cotton G00d5.... from 21,975,459 yards,
to 58,327,111 „
Increase 36,-151,641 yards ; Value £555,964.
Increase.
Soap and 'Candles
Apparel and Haberdashery
Beer and Ale
Butter and Cheese 40,081
Leather Manufactures......
Beef and Pork
Hosiery
Machinery
Bacon and Hams ..
• Refined Sugar
Glass Ware . . .
Earthenware..
Stationery . 10,000
Books
In 1840,-we paid the West Indies for 110,000 tons of sugar,
in round numbers, 51 milliions sterling ; 31 millions were
paid in manufactures, and the remainder to cover freight,
charges, &c. Supposing by introducing free labour we increase
the production of sugar to 500,000 tons, and lower the price
from 495. ld. (the average of 1810) to 255. per hundred
weight, we should pay £12,500,000 per annum to the West
Indies, in manufactures to the extent of £8,000,000 and in
freight, charges, profit, &c., £4,500,000 ; giving employment
to 400,000 tons more shipping, and to thousands of work-
men in this country in all departments.
These results seem visionary ; and if the same calculations
were made regarding any other article of consumption, they
might not be realised ; but sugar is an article of consumption
in this country whose consumption is only limited by price
and fiscal regulations. Reduce the one and remove the other,
and in ten years it will come up to 500,000 tons, and pay at
half the present duty 6,000,000 per annum to the revenue.
I make these statements to show that there is an unlimited
field for the profitable employment of free African emigrants
in our West Indian Colonies ; that we may foe years to come
pass through them thousands of Africans, every individual of
whom would reap a direct benefit by his contact with a
civilized society; who would be welcome to remain and be
adopted into it if he chose, or if he preferred to return to his
native land, would return free of expense, and impart to his
countrymen a portion of the civilization lie had acquired, and
and stimulate others to follow his example.
The commercial advantages would not be confined to the
West Indies : these men, returning to their native country,
would carry back new wants, and the knowledge requisite to
create exchangeable produce to satisfy them ; an increased
trade with Africa itself would he the natural result.
I do not expect difficulty in procuring any amount of emi-
gration from Africa, provided the Home Government is con-
vinced that it should he done on African grounds alone, and
undertake to carry it into effect. From motives of humanity
I recommended the removal of a large portion of the libera-
ted Africans at Sierra Leone : they have certainly the first
claim upon us • and I cannot contemplate without dread
their position if the Government expenditure is materially
reduced or withdrawn, and they have not the opportunity of
emigrating. Commencing there would also do away with a
great deal of the opposition that is likely to arise at the be-
ginning of such an undertaking, not only from the slave-
trading and slave-holding interest, whose knell it would
sound, but also from well-meaning men, who by some extra-
ordinary process have arrived at the conclusion that a negro
is better able to appreciate the blessings of Christianity and
the advantages of civilized life in Africa than in the 'West
Indies. None of these opponents could object to the Go-
vernment removing these poor people from Sierra Leone to
a better position : as well might they object to our removing
the starving weavers in Paisley to Canada or Australia. The
first step to take is to send out positive orders to all our set-
tlements on the coast to receive and protect all corners,
supporting them until the steamer is ready to take them to
the West Indies ; this should be made known by our men-
of-war all along the coast, and any one once under the
British flag should never be given up.
I have never seen a part of Africa where, for food and
protection any number of people might not be got : and I am
convinced, when it becomes generally known, the natives
from all parts would flock to our settlements for embarkation;
always provided that the orders of the Government were
honestly and heartily followed up by their officers.
On their voyage of course their treatment would be regu-
lated by the Emigration Commissioners.
The Governors of such colonies as required emigrants
should from time to time state to the Emigration Commis-
sioners their capacity for receiving and paying for the passage
of the emigrants. Tne steamer on her voyage from Africa
should make the most windward colony, Berhice; where
orders might always be lying for her, as to what colonies she
might convey the emigrants to.
The emigrants when landed should be at perfect liberty to
choose their employers, and to accept or reject the wages
offered them. The Colonial Government should keep them
for ten days, in order to allow them time to make a deliberate
choice. After that, a test similar to what in England is
called the workhouse test should be used. The Governor
should not interfere at all, even with advice as to their loca-
tion : their countrymen in the colony are their natural ad-
visers; and nothing is more injurious to their character as
free men, than suspecting them of incapacity to act for them-
selves, which, apportioning them to particular estates would
imply, however well meant on the part of the Government.
Contracts for twelve mouths should be encouraged, as
tending to give the emigrant habits of steady and continuous
labour, Forms of such contracts should be fixed by the

* The cost of a monthly communication to and from. Sierra
Leone and the West Indies, in steam-vessels capable of car-
rying 1000 emigrants of all ages each voyage, or 1200 yearly,
Would be £72,000 per annum, or £6 per head—about equal
to the present rate paid to sailing-vessels. Twelve days
would be the average passage to British,Guiana, and seven-
teen or eighteen days back. By the last advices from Sierra
Leone, the ship Superior, a very fast-sailing vessel, had been
out sixty days, from Demerara, with returned emigrants;
and the last. West India mail brought accounts of the arrival
of the Cleopatra at Trinidad in sixty-two days from Sierra
Leone, having been six weeks becalmed.
t The present emigration is going on without any such
stipulation for the return. I consider it essential to the suc-
cess of the whole plan, as a natural and efficient guarantee
that the emigrant shall be well treated by his employers—a
preventive check against over-population and pauperism.

, . Government, and none he valid except entered into before
and countersigned by a Stipendary Magistrate.
To every emigrant a parchment promissory-note should
be handed, dated on the day of his arrival in the oolony, iu
some such form as this—

" Three years after date, we engage to give the bearer a
free passage to Sierra Leone," &c.

Signed by the Collector of Customs, and Secretary of the
Government, and stamped with the Colonial seal.
On an emigrant's return to Africa, a certificate of his
being a British subject should be handed to him ; and if at
any time afterwards he was enslaved, the enslaver, of what-
ever nation, should be punished as a kidnapper of her Majes-
ty's subjects.
The native chiefs should be encouraged and invited to
visit the west Indies ; and the authorities have power to
order them a free passage in the steamers.
All cases of dispute in which the Negro race are either
plaintiffs or defendants, should he heard and adjudicated by
paid functionaries appointed by the Crown.
The money requisite to pay the expense of emigration
should be raised by general taxation in each colony. All
classes benefit by it—all should pay for it; and in this way
the emigrant himself would indirectly in three years pay the
expense of his passage.

EMIGRATION FROM AFRICA, SUPPOSING IT CARRIED
ON BY PRIVATE VESSELS.

A reference to the map will show at once the facility with
which vessels with emigrants, on board can be cleared by
British authorities.

Commencing at our first station, the Gambia, the wind
and current for ten months in the year is " down " the coast
to Fernando Po : any vessel taking in emigrants to the North
or West of the following points would not be delayed more
than from three to six days in procuring a clearance from the
custom-house, or officer appointed by the Government for
that purpose.
At Cape Palmas.. H. M. Cruiser.
At Cape Coast Castle The Governor.

At Fernando Po ... H. M. Cruiser.
' At the Gambia From the Custom-house.
At Sierra Leone
These stations are respectively about 350 to 400 miles apart,
and embrace 2,000 miles of coast.

The clearer should muster the emigrants, ascertain the
quality, quantity, and allowance of food and water, the pro-
portion of sexes, their age, description, and country, give to
all an opportunity of expressing their free consent to the
voyage, offer protection and a free return home to any who
are dissatisfied, make out a muster-roll, sign it along with
the commander of the ship, seal and address it to the go.-
vernor of the colony to which the vessel is bound, and send
a duplicate to the Custom-house in London ; another mus-
ter-roll, signed by the clearer, would serve for the clearance
of the ship. A standing set of interrogatories might be
framed in this country to be used by the clearer.
It .is
,presumed that no man could be carried off by force
under such a system ; the clearer having no interest in the
matter, the conveyer being liable to transportation if con-
victed of smuggling any on board after clearing, and having
no inducement to run any such risk; the emigrant being a
free unindentured man on his arrival in Guiana and Trinidad.

DANGEROUS ILLNESS OF THE ARCHBISHOP
OF CANTERBURY.

(From Monday night's Standard.)

With feelings of the most unfeigned regret, it becomes our
painful duty to informs our readers that the anticipations of
Dr. Howley's speedy return to convalescence, in which we
indulged during the latter part of last week, are not, owing
to the inscrutable dispensations of Providence, likely to be
realised. It will be recollected that the bulletin of Saturday
announced that his Grace had passed a good night, and that
he was gaining strength. During the whole of Saturday no
fresh symptoms exhibited themselves from which anything
like an unfavourable conclusion might be drawn ; and, as
may be gathered from the following bulletin of Sunday, the
Archbishop on the preceding night had been in a favourable
condition : •

" His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury had a good
night, but has•not.been in so favourable a state during the
morning, his strength having rather failed during the day.
" Addington Park, Sunday afternoon."
Shotrly after breakfast, however, the most Rev. Primate's
health began to decline ; and his Grace has since continued
to fail in strength, as announced in the following bulletin,
iii
dated at seven &clock . ' morning :
" His Grace the Ar hop has had some hours of rest-
less sleep, and is muc aker this morning.
" Addington Park, seven o'clock, Aug. 29."
.... .. .

The spasrgodic cholera with which tire Most Reverend
Primate was originally attacked has not at all returned ; but
the severity of his illness was such as to leave his bodily
powers in that utter state of prostration, that the best medi-
cal skill has been ineffectual in restoring the tone of his cor-
poreal faculties. The Primate is in his 77th year.
(From the Standard of Wednesday night.)
The following is a copy of the bulletin received at Lambeth
Palace this morning :
" His Grace the Archbishop has passed a tranquil night,
and continues much in the same state as yesterday.
• "Addington Park, August 31, 1X12."

The inquiries again this morning were very numerous.
The Queen Dowager has regularly sent every day to ascertain
the health of the right rev, primate.

PURITY OF ELECTION.

(From the Dublin Evening Mail.)

Mr. O'Connell and his 'committee found the constituency
of Belfast guilty of bribery, because some trifle of money
had been expended in car hire. • No other species of bribery
was proved ; and it is at least to the credit of Belfast that
the car hire was paid.
Now in Dublin it appears that on the side of liberal elec-
tors bribery was held forth and car hire promised; but the
bribes were paid down on the spot. the car hire remains to
this day unpaid, and the subject of litigation—ex. yr.
" LORD MAYOR'S COURT.
_ _

" Several carmen summoned Mr. Thomas Hutton,
brother of the ex-M.P., for fares due to them for the use of
their cars during the late election. Mr. Hutton was one of
Lord Morpeth's committee, and authorised the ward club
to engage six cars, one of which belonged to the complain-
ant. The amount claimed was £2 10s., being at the rate.of
10s. per day for five days.
" Adam Ward, a street agent for Lord Morpeth, deposed
that he engaged the carmen, pursuant to the circular from
the central committee. The complainant was one of the
men so engaged.

" The Lord Mayor.—As I never again intend to stand for
Dublin, I may say I never knew anything so shameful as
the liberal electors requiring cars to come up to vote at the
last election. In Tipperary some of the voters walked 50
miles to the hustings ; in Cork some walked 100 miles ; but
at the last election here nobody came up to the poll unless
he was coached. (Laughter.)

" Mr. Ray.—They will not even come to the registry, my
lord, without cars, and they think we can hardly expect
them to come to the hustings without them. They expect
greater facilities at elections than at registries.
" The circular from the central committee, authorising
the ward club to employ the carmen, was then read.
"The Lord Mayor said that he could not avoid giving a
decree against Mr. Thomas Button.
Mr. Kelly, who attended on behalf of Mr. Hutton, con-
tended that the action should have been brought against all
the committee, and not against an individual member of it.
It would be a great hardship to make one member liable.
" The Lord Mayor said, that the law made any member
of the committee liable; and as Mr. Hutton was summoned,
and the case proved against him, he should give a decree
against him.
" His lordship was about awarding £2 to the complainant,
thus cutting off 10s. of his claim, when
" Adam Ward said—l think, my Lord Mayor, it is d very
unjust thing to cut down a poor carman's fare, when so much
money was squandered at the last election.

" the Lord Mayor.—There was no money squandered.
" Ward.—Upon my oath, I know freemen to have re-
ceived, by their own confession, £7 for their votes.
•` The Lord Mayor.—Upon the liberal side ?
" Ward.—Yes, my lord:
" The Lord Mayor.—This is an additional reason why I
should never again stand for Dublin. Upon your oath, did
you know of any bribery at an election when I was a can-
didate ? -
" Ward.•--No, my lord, I did not.
" The Lord Mayor.—You did not; and I would not take
the return of all the cities in Ireland by bribing a single
person.
" Ward.—lf the freemen, my lord, received so much
money at the last election, I do not see why an honest car-
man should be curtailed of 10s. I submit you are bound to
protect these honest men in strict justice, as a reward for
their honesty. _ _

" The Lord Mayor.—Oh, indeed, it is not a reward for
their honesty. I decree the complainant £2 Ils. Bd.
" The complainant stated that he had received 10s. from
Dr. Kirwan, but it was given merely as a loan, and he
should be obliged to repay him.
" The Lord Mayor then struck off 10s., and decreed
£2 Is. Bd. to the complainant."
Mr. O'Connell has done with the city of Dublin, or rather
the city of Dublin has done with him. He may, therefore,
afford to tell the truth. But we needed not his late con-
fession to know how thoroughly corrupt and utterly con-
temptible that party was by which he and his colleagues
were returned to parliament. The entire scene between the
Lord Mayor of Dublin and Ward, the carman, is instructive
and amusing. The most entertaining part of it, h'owever, is
the little colloquy in which his lordship endeavours to excul-
pate himself from sharing in the disgrace of Lord Morpeth
and others.
." On your oath," quoth he, " did you know
of any bribery at an election where I was candidate ?"
" No, my lord, I did not," is the ready reply ; and " I
would not take the return of all the cities in Ireland by
bribing a single person," is the prompt rejoinder of hiS
lordship.
His lordship is too well read in " Joe Miller" to be un-
acquainted with the case in which a countryman of his own,
charged on the evidence of two witnesses with stealing a
shovel, urged in defence that he could bring 50 witnesses
that did not see him steal it. His lordship must have been
a very maladroit candidate indeed, if his bribery were so pal-
pable as to be known to every jaunting-car driver in Dublin.

DONCASTER RACES.—The town council have given Xl,OOO
to augment the value of several prizes.

COMMITTAL OF RIOTERS.—We understand that upwards
of 150 chartist rioters have been committed to York Castle
for trial.

Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston fully intend to return
to this country early in the ensuing month from Germany.
Her ladyship's health is quite restored.
A. large quantity of American pork has been selling in this
City within the last few days from Old. to 5d., and is of ex-
cellent quality.—Hampshire Independent.
Sir George Ilayter has just had presented to him the splen-
did casts of the Laocoqu and Apollo of the Vatican, which
Were given by Pope Pius VII. to the late Sir Thomas Law-
rence.

Chester is the oldest city in England : according to Sir
Thomas Eliot, it was built by a great grandson of Noah !
The mayor had formerly the power of respiting executions
without previous application to the Crown.
The staff of the northern district of England has been re-
modelled. Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Arbuthnot takes
the entire command. General Brotherton and Colonel Broke
have been added to the staff. The head-quarters are to be
Manchester and Bradford.
It appears from the Railway Monitezer that a correspon-
dence has taken place between the French and American
Governments on the subject of a steam-boat line between
Havre and New York. The Fretich Government proposed
that each should supply two or three steamers. The Ameri-
cans have not yet come to a decision.
PROGRESS OF THE CHURCH.—AII the newspapers of the
American Church testify to her rapid advancement and suc-
cess. Even in Vermont, so long depressed and dead to
sense of duty, Bishop Hopkins beholds a rt.kindling of Gos-
pel,light, and a glowing desire to rectum into " the old path."
In Maryland, we see the same good work going on : for a
correspondent of The Banner of the Cross, writes thus :
" In this diocese all we want is funds, and the Church
could be established in every corner of it. On this eastern
shore, the inhabitants are everywhere turning their attention
to the Church. This, for a long time, as you are probably
aware, has been a stronghold of Methodism. But that is on
the wane." Confirmations are being held, almost weekly,
by the American Bishops in every part of the United States ;
and the truth, set forth in the Prayer-book, that " From the
Apostle's time there have been three orders of Ministers in
Christ's Church, Bishops, Priests, and Deacons," sinks
deeper and deeper into the American mind.