The Statesman.
London, England, 1810-05-02 00:00:00

T,•••-'-'-,.....


. •
certainty, net the aevadey qt punishment, was most
likely to deter from the commission of crimes. .If,
as the Hon. Gentleman had said, the lawi whet)
too severe were not put in force, because indivi.
duals then declined to prosecute, was nit that.a
reason why Birch lawS should be rootlitical, in or.
der' that they might no longer remain a dead let-
aer The leaning of Juries to the side of mercy
• •
was another argument for the alteration,' becaUse
file mitigation of the excessive severity 9r the laws
was in such 'cases proAticed ioMetimes by what
should be deprecated by every Legistature—pei.
Jury,* however it may be ranctitied by the
mo-
tires. The lionourabJe G cloth:1)12e haul asked tri.
neophently, what punishments were to be resorted
to? but if he had reed the Bill, he would have
'been enabled to's answer that qufaditso by all that
appeared an thafacelef the Biit. He would have
seen Ihe'disersdien to 1p glyin to Jtidgextachinge
-transportation for solitary rontnemeitt. Ifow.
ever sylltir'y confim:ment Might appear 'worse thaU
ileatli lw a :person who could he guilty of preme-
ditated Mines, if, would hay* a gi,od effect 9n the
interests or sticiety.' The individual would not
be lost to fhb'. community; he .weuld come forth
froM confinement a lietter min than be enticed It
and, as in the ease of !puling-et transportation,
the effect of the euitstple of linniihment would
pot be lost to the public. He shbuld most heartily,
therefere,'lupPort. the motion Of his Honourable
land Learned Friend, who; he trusted; would not
be diverted 'by any Interruptions from lis-:sareer
of humanity he was pursoins..•
Mr. 1). GIDDY begged reave to submit
•
House the fiat observations that occurred to efek•
on this subject. If he felt' any difficulty upon I
the measures *en in progress through the 'louse,
it would 'arise froth considering a part of that ge-
neral system whiCh* had been alluded to by the
lion. Baronet, and characterized as a career of
humanity. Ile was not friendly to any great or
violent changes. • It had always been his practice
in 'that Honk, to 'steer a middle course between
the conflicting opinions respecting public mew.
semi. That -course he was aware was not the
way to effect
.any thing brilliant, either in that
house or out of it; but then he was inclined to
prefer what was useful to what was splendid. In
the'peges of the lion. and Learned Member, he
found it stated, Mkt to the discretion proposed to
be'rilloired to Judgei, nature had assigned one
limit. • For'his 'own part, if they could be sure,
that Juries would be competent to sift and ascertain
all' the Circumstances of each case that might be
brought before them, so as to be enabled to decide
according to its kcal merits, he should feel no ob-
jection at leaving Juries in possession of full dis.
cretion.' But when
.it should be considered from
what' des'cription of persons Juries were usually
chosen, it must be obvious that they would be as Ha-
ble Oslo)! other body to fall into error. In stating
what he felt upon this point, he did not wish to she!.
ter himself from any construction which might be
pet upon his use of any particular expression. Be
was nut afraid to add, therefore, that in his view
uf'the*subject a certain degree of' arbitrary dis.
cretin!) aappeared necessary, absolutely essential, in
alt administrations of justice. In admitting this,
however, he must also state, that this arbitrary
discretion should not be unlimited. If all
the difficulties •on this head could be ascer-
tained, then the Mouse could attain the per-
fection of human jurisprudence ; and if such
perfection was 'desirable it must be obvious that
approximations to it must also be desirable. lie
thought that in some instances this discretion was
carried too-far. If it were adMitted as a prin-
ciple, that in the case of Crimes of difficult detec.
tion, the quiatitity of penishinent or the deterring
sanction should be greater, it 'would follow, that in
crimes of easier detection the quantity of punish.
Ment should be less. It was Ilitt his intention to
go into any of the more heinous offences to apply
this principle, but confine himself to the more or-
dinary Offences. Slieer-stealieg,' he thought, very
properly punished with death ; because, cdesiddring
Ole manner in which sheep were fed uponextbnsive
downs, the exposure to deffredation, and the diffi-
culty of detection, such -a seveie sanctinn•was'ne-
cessary to preserving the vast quantity, or Whole-
sonic food and warm raiment for human' use. • It
was his opinion too,- that all circumstances of age
gravatiou or mitigation should be attended to" in'
the apportioning the puniihment ; such; far id-.
stance, as the case of actually forcing the tint*,
or striking the blow, circumstances at present at.:
tended to in Proclamations. Such circumstances
would unquestionably have effect in deterring from
the commission of crimes tinder such aggravated car.
cumstatices. The necessity of allowing.* discre:
tion in these cases' flowed (coin the imperfection'
of the litiman powers of judgment. But whether
the discretion was to be given to the Judge or the
Jury, as far as he could form an opinion,, he
thought it should be left to the Judge. When the
House considered the manner in which the Judges,
not Oboe of the present day, but for many years
back, were selected from a description of per.
sons, against whom no reflection could lie, he
was persuaded, that it Would be evident the dis.
cretion could no where be better placed. lie
would much rather see it lodod in their hands
than
,with Juries, uttiess it could be wade subject to
definite ildeFs, and juries should be found en-
lightened enough to discern and decide upon the'
actual merits, upon a comprehensive view of all
the circumstances of eaCh case. But though a
friend to diserctinn under Om qualifications he had
,stated, tie should never accede to the establishment
of unlimite:4 discretion in any quarter. Ile should
here enter his protestisgainst the general principle
df anY.extensive alteration, at the same time re.
serving to himself the right of agreeing tP such parts
orthe measures of the Bon. and Learned Member
in ivhich he could, consistently with his virus and
principles, concur. Ile . sins convinced, that any
reformation to be beneficial must be made in the
dethll 'amid whilst he entertained that opinion, he
must at all times oppose• iny tirge or extensive
steps towards 'an object which, his view, was
only to be gradually attained: • 'Though he re-
spected' and admired the 'taws of England, he
should never suffer his veneration- for them to in-
duce him to resist any meaittre, iwhich might be
brought forwird fur their actinti improtreinent.

gear immemorial beep severely felt by that people.
They did nut result merely from the Gnvernmi.nt,
lint 'fro certain rights and privileges claimed by
awl corporate towns ; and he coul.l not
t•et• the impsupriety of Ministers recommending to
a Gover.uniatit in their 41liaocc; such a reform a:
woule. attach the people to that Government, and
insti,re their cooperation against the common ene-
my ; and as to the necessity of granting now the
ratidetional l0Q;Q00!. he saw no other principle on
:which to volts the riddle, except that his Majes-
ly's Ministers, pressed as they were, ' %visited to
lave ai Mitch of the public money as 'possible
place‘itTheir disposal, in order that they might
peOsagPo the Parliament, and avert the discusidon
of 'Mario, impoitani subject') POI Pending.
General TA RLETON incised, ht Anieodasent,
Oat instead of tbo words 400,0001; the win&
300,0001. be Inserted. • • ` • •
division then took place,
' ' For the Aniteduient ' • •
Ver the civighsal Motion - b 5
Alt*rity - --SO •
PRIVATELY STEALING BILL. ' •
On the re.achrassiols of StrangerS,'we &nod Sir
S. !tool ove roovieg the Order of the Day fel. re-
ceiving the Report of the Privately Stealing Bill.
The Report was then brought up, and the Amend:
pints *severally agreed to.
On the qtiestion that the. Bill be engrossed,
Mr. BERBERT, hoWever, reluctant he was to
oppose any ntrastirc brought forward by the
null Learned Gentleman, felt himself called upon
to resist the passing of 'this or of the two other
Bills in progresi through the Rouse. • The object
id dole Bills was to render offences, eapitil
theft°, no longer So. Is ti friend to the old law, he
foetid himself bound to 'resist mph an alteration.
Bishles, it was not right that should go forth
blic, that that Bills had been passed -in
Ise on the groped 'that the criminal law 'Of
try was dofectire. All the arguMents of
and Learned Gentleman, foended upon the
; that' escaped punishment, 'Would, he was
(et!, not avail against censideratieh. If
who escaped through' the unwillingness
les to prosectite, through their • avarice in
• the expence of prosecution, through their
to defray • the expence, through the in.
of Counsel, or by means of false wit-
were deducted frora'the aggregate, it would
'he number of 'those tharescaped the ce'r.
punishment very considerably: Besides, it
uniform principle Of 'the English law, that
rents were not inflicted for the satisfaction
ice, hut for the prevention of crimes isy the
,ce of 'example. • The Ifon. Gentleman than
led to notice the preambles of the acts of
VIII. of Philip and Mari,' and of Eliza.
aul contended that he 'was borne out by
.eatables in asserting; that the acts were
the House wet in the habit of paising—
;'or'insiaiiee, 'as ihnie against While Boys,
!rto tint down ally Occasional' acts of vita-
' Vie offences which they had beer meant
tress were committed by 'bodies 'of banditti,
Issed from county to county, often in defi-
the military, and not to be put down by
hich, in later times, was considered a pa.
:or all purposeS, the posse comitalus. If
inislimcnts in use were not to be retained,
would the Leirned and Honourable Gentle-
teek for Others to be substittited for then) ?
I lie front Russia introduce the knout,
was according to the evidence of those
witnessed its infliction, more horrible
loath itself? Would he, with Beccaria, re-
,end perpetual imiiriseriment iVoutd lie; e-
lic practice of nailing cars to the pillory
'wild he establish solitary imprisonment—a
iption 'of punishment, perhaps, desirable,
ti hich a very large' proportion of people in
!untOrY Were resolved tcfeinkloy all means to
mlished ? Upon the, whole, he wat nut pre-'
to alter the law of England, under which
id-lived so happily, and which preserved the
arty in tliis rich and flietrishing nation with
a. loss erlife. He should therefore op.
Bills in ceery stage. • ' ' •
JOHN NEWPORT, if he could agree
the lion.. Gentleman; that the ends of justice
la best be 'promoted by the existing laws,
ld wifh him vote against the 'Bill before the
tie. • But•he • must 'contend that crimes were
, effectually preiented by the certainty than
seierity• of punishment. The system of cri.;
al law in this coitot Cy,. he contended, was most
utly, and 'was 'uniformly •so represented in
tr oations.. praetice he was ready to
it that the Eitglieh criminal law' was tot to
Lie)? ; bit the prictitte which thus mitigated its
'ail), eat a departure from the principle of
ayitem, and the strongest- evidence of the
esecepily of a reformation. The certainty of a les-
' punishment would have more effect in deterring
.tom the commisSion of crimes, as the Honourable
Member must have often observed in the country
10 which they both belonged, than the terror 'of a
greitei,'which might probably never he inflicted.
Some yemrs ago air act ' was passed in. to
Ake it felony dud death to cut down a tree by
or by night. A Gentleman of the highest
ink and public spirit, *ho was in the habit of
luting 'much, and was attached to his
,planta-
ins, persuaded himself, that in the event of de.
ring any person destroying his trees, he coolly
ve resolution enough to put the act in forgo..
occision soon occurred, and be, who had 'the
flutir of that Gentleman's acquaintance, *as
it aware of all thoatiziety he suffered, as the
:riod of the ussizes approached. lip to the first
iy of that assizes, hetet-ger; he appeared to have
hii resolution, but then his fortitude failed
ail. he de'clared it impossible for him to put the
imitty law io force, and could trot reconcile it to any
:)tiot) Of justice to. get a fellow-creature hanged
or cuttings 41 utsis a tree. If a person of his rank
Lou enlightened mited could shrink from putting so
severe a 14%iliv force, how much more likely were
versos of hiiinbler.rank to decline to prosecute?
Offenders would'aiways calculate not only on the
chance of their estipes, but upon the common feel-
lug,. of inankintlochichwintld probably prevent par.
ies front taking away iliVtle of a fellow creature
a prosecution for so ilispWapertionate an offesee.
1;!1 writers were peed upon the point, that the
. ,

-..~. ,

~~

gyp'

, -


IRK STATESMAN.

.

7 7 "11.191F7
. •

ted
plan for, same Milwldasllllo;ll"Ye.l.o...ott.rwsulivahteinelPipresensis, an Oh).
Mr. WINDHAM considered the system pro, to be found, Woretsl lig enable us to do the
posed by his lion. Friend, as part of a
overterning the criminal jurisprudence of lbpit the eye,
country. The observations of Dr. Paley had beeti, long, and eee4ryitioutnlesorsi:figa..gunureeraidiffedresincgripftrioomn af
commented upon, and objections raised. ageitiatiqpight-line.
them, for the purpose of introdue)ng this Den- sys. theaeifiguires, it.. would bediffieult to distill' ~o,e
.: 7,6
traellnhei'g'
tern. But, mikes the system intended to be tours- otue I, which approideidlo solteral, and did not
were such, that the law could be carried helot -to either ; ant yet, when they came before
t
into execution itivariald'y and inflexibly, the Hon, a peril n;it.e migbithem.k7wilteberaelighint:vniodwuatlihye 4dif.
,Gentleman had applied his argitmente. in yain.— the sable time he would find no*means eas'y at
Ihese Gentleman .who stinp6rted such doctrine,' define tie describe
bad already rassuinerl,.thai a system might he esta- ference
7oafriienttlyi.voidfl.l6!ft;eroetlum..:snetw.she;l.libeeirfo
1
htistred without discretion. Therefore, it was a rie7 from a
cosnry con,equence, if a law were to be executed their being thin, n 1 being fat; but how to ray'
without discretion, that it'must be invariable and down the proportion of these qualities icoulrl not
I
inflexible. One of ° the instances. alluded to in be very easy, so as to give definition. So wit.. • h
respect
support of this subject, was the case of a per. to other animals, the same difficulty would exist i
son killed in a doe'. That was a case not attemptinga definition of them individually. Ho:
cruel, tweet's° attended with those circumstances would his lion. Friend describe homicide? To be
which separated it from the ordinary course of de. sure a distinction might easily be driwn between
cisions upon of*ncei of that description. If the excusable homicide and murder. Every one tier.,
law had been lellexil•le, ciiher that case could not ceived a difference between the act of a man who
bare been so decided, for the generality of those killed another for his purse, or way-laid lam through
offences were not so punished, or it 'nest have revenge, and that of a man who accidentally, or ju.
been treated with the same lenity •as the others, tifiably took away his fellow-creature's life. But
although attended with circumstances completely how would his lion. Friend distinguish in some
different. burr, if discretion were set aside, cases of manslaughter, which he called justifiable •
supposing this punishment inflicted in that cue to murder I Suppose he (Mr. W.) were askedo,tivahtel.a
he right, awn, according to the system of Isis tiler, in the case of two men who had been toge.
immediatelysiances
Hoe. Friend, rill others, however different in titer in a public house, and in the course of their
circumstances, must be generalized with it.— conversation had quarrelled, when one of them,
This would certainly be generalizing the cases ; greatly provoked, took up the pewter p
,hut 'circumstances being unattended to, jiis: killed the other, would that be murder or man.
lice, in his opinion, would 'be rendered partial. slaughter ? He could not say; he could not answer
--,--With respect to discretion, it arose out such a question without knowiangstihwepetir
csi m
of the nature of things; it mIAIrt be an iecon. He-remembered an instance; some years ago, where
Yeeieece, but it was one mankind mist sub- a maw being provoked in
1 -
mit to ; for, unless laws were made so appli- went over the way, and returned with wknife, and
cable to every ease, that they *gilt he termed in- then swore, that if any one provoked him as be.
variable and inflexible, it would always exist from fore, he would run -the knife into them. They
necessity. ' Men might as well -talk of changing quarrelled again, and lie did stab the other in the
what was fluid, 'while remaining fluid, into a solid, belly, end his bowels came oat. How would that
or turn what was moist into whit was dry, as bind be I Why, he felt at the time, and he knew now
down discretion by rules. ' Another instance had what his opinion would have•been ; but, if Ito re.
been urged in support of this new system of crimi. collected right, the Jury acquitted him. But the
nal jurisprudence. It bad been .alleged, that in whole of these, and all other cases, must rest epee
the case of a man b'eing tried fur stealing forty the circumstances which attended them. 'lithe sys.
shillings in the dwelling-house, as the law now, tem of 114nitiqn were ietrodueed, a single 'hair
stood, conviction and execution 'followed, becanie might save the offender. A great deal had been .
the man way suspected cif aving committed mgr. seif4 of erectly ; but that', like crimes, could only
der. Ac.c,solingly, it was' arguell, that the punish. 'he/punished according to circumstances ; and his
meat of death was inflicted; not beciusc of -the ;Lon. Friend was one of those who intended tii
crime for which he was tried, but becaer of suspi. elopport a law being made to punish cruelty.—
cion of murder, a Crime for which he was net tried. This Was a kilt' of anomaly in his conduct, for
In other cases the punishment was remitted, thoisgh there it was intended there shOuld be nqthing like
the law had made it capital, and- therefore this un. definition ; in-deed-it Was a subject'which did not
certainty was complained of, and the punishment admit the' leak' definition, but was to affect the
was condemned, when it was enforced on account' lower orderrodly, suit be left to arbitrary:decision.
of circumstances. In addition to the cane where His lion. Friona, was therefore at !glance with
the punishment was inflicted through a suspicion himself and the doctrine of his present argament.
of murder having been perpetrated, they had cited To haye precise de4iiitiori was Overfills'. ; the
another, where the same effect resulted, becattec queetion must be still lei to juries, it.wastoposei.
the offender had suborned witnesses. Certainly ble to. woe); by machines entirely ; there were
there was something in the argument ; it was a machines in tills town tw make pens, and yet they
saying, " the last feather breaks the horse's did no
operate perfectly.; It would l!efoot maker/oil pens ; nor could theyMul cauan in.se the
back.;" so far it Might bet that the last thing law t
which was put on would increase the vete!, but .competentmeehiale. it *Wu teelotseouiesideep. '
no one could say that the herse's back. Irak/ dog It any ossuwappWilid Ake Foley hid under.
broken by a feather. Circumstances were not taken to defend all the laws of this oosutry, nor
the crime, but they streets) ever form a con. did be himself intend to advance any eget" propo.
eideration of the crime. Indeed, it might silicon. Rut he /could again alert, Malts' might
he exemplified by one of ' the - most rid'. be Tory well described as they fell under a certain
colons instances, where a man runs ewer with specks; hot !ben they came to be individually
a halter ; this might be a eircumstance;;not de. considered, 'they might he widely different. They
serving or death, but It happened thetas was a might so fat direr., 'that no description would de:
horse at the other end. What mischief eieold pos. fine, for often' he common definitions were only
sib!), arise out of the present system of .4ew 1 for founded tspoweotuparison, 'lnd so it might be said
the execution might be adopted in particular tie! ,of is dratiitlo short strsw.
w! ii
stances, and theadvantage of the terror in all cases. was ihnduced to bra.l
planng or a
sof innoesaion th
Supposing a man were condemned, the advantage considerably , jealousy. In these times he Pit
might extend in two ways, when he was tried kr more-inclitied to. do silo. He did not mesa ally
rho crime and condemned fur, the circumstance,. disrespeCt to the name of hie Honourable Friesds
But that was a case not likely to happen. If any or that of any !other person. Ile ' knew no
question were proposed in that Ilonse, and -he nainea; hot ht understood there mu a society
were asked,. whether he was for war or fur peace? established 'for the purpose of
doingsway cspital
why that was a question he mild not answer, punishnicett. 'lLii observing up subject, he
because it depended on circumstances. As to might be thosig
consequence of theht infected with thFrench e
R principlevokes he
war or peace, universally, he might be for nee. had iMbilsed in e
ther ; but ask him as to any particular war. or• tion. inderidlie was full of that Revolution ; fur
peace, he would be enabled to give a distinct it. was above them, and beneath them ;it wts
answer ; but the difference merely resalted from without them, and within them; mit le
d every where
his being put in possession of the circumstances. nround thcm. life could not be recolct, the
He really wondered at the arguments which had French entertained these ;r
grihons ; there
se waof s 'aMug
se. .
been alleged by his Honourable Friend, and he day in that country, fo purpo
Was considerably surprised how he could misun. away capital punishments; but they began be.pel.
*stand the observations Of Mr. Paley. the
ting their King to death. —[df lauglt.lThell
had imputed to- that eminent writer, what he perhaps, determined upon that transaction as the
never' had meant by any. expression contained finale of-their former' codes of criminal 1111'01'
le 'his writings, 'namely, that it was his opinion deuce. He must admit,
ilia taW should. not be known. There was a able suspicion of all societies in this ronnith
te'sial distinction to be. knowingn Mess's not who attempted innovations and itniabvements
knowing the • taw, and not fliet thtelaw of the laws of,. the land. This system w"
hh enttrtaimled consider.
syoulil be carried -into execution ;- fur they might intended to overturn that of Dr. Palo •1 but
know' the law,' and yet remain uncertain whether he trusted the Muse would pause before they
it wriellt. or Would not be carried into execution. permitted is considerably an alteratipe. is
Aid in ° this lease, the' execution might be partial, respect to the number of Penal Laws, that
but the' terror general ; and it was the terror which circumstance did out' prove their severity,
prevented the coMmi4sion-of the crime. The pre- fur, under the present system, the putt
bent id of crime 'was the object of all laws, and meats might be few, as Dr. Johnson welt
bilitaidation Wati tlid 'means i; for punishment was observed in Scotland, when some one, to
-inflicted only rco ebo purpose of producing intimi. convince him of the cheapness of Age, 14 It there
dation. His Unnoiirahle and Learned Friend had were so many fora penny', st diet was 1101 COO*
also observed, shit where thirty men were con. elusive of their being cheap, for thoegh eggs
victed of the same Crime,' 'and only three of them might be many, pence might be few? Thu Rigs!
I executed, that 'the' law • seal useless as to the Hon. Gentleman concluded by. apologilieg in
h twenty-seven. Why, 'he was surprised how a House for taking up so much of their title; butitis
man could work himself 'up Iraq sech a c:srif.n. het* been led to state liii. sentiments 011 e" r,_.:
sion of argument. Whet, was the terror of the Wiled, bechuse he had formed his opinion in 7.
law nothing ? Did not , the execution Of the Peirce to those who were, (still others, pet"wiligi:
three . intimidate the others,, and thereby_ pre. raost'coripelent to judge of the extrediertei "11.
IA
vent the commission of crime? ' The
_whole of raeasureOlO Meant the Judges; anitb• be 11.ioe•
this question turned aPtill orle caissideretion; the -Whisfe of them.disapproved of the alters!
whether, instead of the system We maw .have, intended hy billion. Friend its the Critni'l 4124.
.
whereby the terror is general, stud the pustiihment of the rand .111' that it sot
restricted, from the exercise of titierVilOP 'in the ' Tito meksiqui of the RoLts said, I that
execution of the law, another ebuld be adopted, a kidgitile' which wart agreed. to* all biffillt 1.
where the law could be .execated Invariably and the pitteetitili of critned wee the object of p°.
To accomplish thilfltsbjeit, tehourse niOiadVietliand the'quition only seas, whelFh le°
ought to be had to definition', Ism& It 'might be plailieliphied by his. Iton, and
.luirnedbabi.iiiiejtil
extremely difficult to define, *where the disatrip. (Sirt ittimillyyteould dot be, in aill PO• 1,-01.
time was unavoidably general. Things, When mOriettflkacidus fail the attainment :if that o_l..
taken individually, might loc 'distinguished, bet shams *Om szstetn of Criminial !Awe which now
_eix:::o'g
that Would not be describing the species, 'for a if it were only etinally efficecioes ni,th the el.
oeurifig
deseriptiiiii of the eveciei, 'which would ble eafti. 4ystem; ',lvry body Telt 'prefer it, .ae prt
it
4).
dent lot 'knowing the kind • Wherein it 'Was Um same etjet lay mon; Oa ""re iba • - •


or tutee Diu
theft°, no Iti
foliod bimse
Hisldes, it 1
ittithe publii
• t that House
• bite edintry
•
' 1 the Hon. aro
ittimhera tbi
perstsaded,
all those %el
I eir parties t
declining th
inability to
geouity of
1 neves, weri
reduce the
taint), of pt
'cas the uni
punishment
t ' of j ustice,
influence o
k I Proceeded
. ,
Henry VI
bah, and
these preat
such as tht
111',ICh t foe
, . in Order'"
I hence. 'T,
to, repress
i utio passe
i anee of IL
that whict
tiacea for
• the punts]
lettere no
, Moan seek
Would li
- Which %co
who hail
• than deal
korum'citd
:rive the.'
Pr Aroul
e.scriptil
tut wile
• ihis 'vatic
get aboti,
• pared to
we had•l'
. . rroperty
• so iMalt
•' . -
close. diet
• Sir 3i
'‘vitb the
• 40uid I
• eiuutil 1
It ouse.
'More !fl
the Ore
• . ' ~
tainal la,
litioitiT,
i .
reign I
admit t
, . Idotttly
pcieril3
ilte Ul
IteceSbl'
i.‘ -
be! pat
. from tl
ltlembt
lo whit
greater
Some 3
• snake 1
day or
varth.
.
photo
tions,
le, Coq
have r
i' Alt or
tonot
%telt ;
• pen o
' tlay u
retail
' 'Mail
Motif
i . . trJtia
. for c
' and 1
00501
.1 pert
. .01fe.
Chi"
ir vi
lug,
. , .
• . tots
. .
' Itt ' 'bv 3
1 k 1
1 , • •
/ r':' , •