The Statesman.
London, England, 1821-07-31 00:00:00

THE STATE

TURKISH AFFAIRS.
[The following article purporting to be the copy of
a letter fiom Paris, appeared in The Courier of last
night :—)
"pasta,JULY 26.—1 t cannot be denied that a new
Mate of affairs is on the point of taking place in Europe,
alid he must indeed be a superficial observer, who has
not been prepared for it, as the cense/relics of that ar-
rangement concluded at Paris, at the close of the year
1815, between all the European powers (Turkey except-
ed), which left Russia without an enemy whom she fear-
ed, and which had so augmented her greatness and her
territories. The dismemberment or fall of the Turkish
Empire, to which a long decline has been leading it,
would have been effected long ago, had not the French
Revolution, and the events and wars consequent upon
it, delayed it. The war that was terminated by the
Treaty of Bncharest, in 11512, would have accelerated, if
not completed, the ruin of the Turkish power, had not
Russia been threatened with an invasion from a more
formidable foe, and been equally disposed with the
Porte to put a period to thecoetest. Yet the course of the
Pruth fixed by that Treaty, as the limit of the two Em-
plres, gave to Russia nearly a third of Moldavia, in-
c:iitling the important fortresses of Chotsim and Bender,
and the whole of Bessarabia, with Ismail and !Lelia.
Russia, in a preceding war, bad secured all the territory
between the Bog and the Deiester, including Ocsakew,
and thus always encroaching upon Turkey, she has se-
cured an easy entrance, in any future war, into the heart
of the remains nj provinces of Turkey.in Europe. It was
evident that affairs could not remain in this situation be.
(wren the two Powers. though the course of events has
been different from what was originally contemplated.
he independence of Greece seems to be no longer an
improbable event, and thus the Turkish Empire has an
enemy within, nearly as formidable as the enemy with-
f That the Turks will be able to put down the
tsreek Insurgents, is scarcely to be expected. Besides,
their attention is more engrossed by the movements of
the Hessians, to whom the detachment of any large
farce against the Greeks, would open an easy passage to
the very gates of Constantinople.
"Of the real nature and character of the events that
have recently occurred in the Turkish Empire, we are
very inaccurately informed. It is not to be believed
that the Porte would provoke Russia; and yet the ac-
IMI iit that are inserted in the German and our papers.
represent the Porte as the aggressor. That the Porte
stoold suspect Russia to be favourable to the Greek In-
t.tagents, who are furthering her policy by weakening
the power, and distracting the attention of the Turks.
is perfectly natural. his impossible, indeed, that Row
aim,
aid, in any point of view. caold, with disapprolsa-
tion,_the course of events In Greece.
•‘ The question then is—What ought to be the policy
of France and of Great Britain at the present moment?
'1 a suppose that either of those Powers tan remain us-
* oisrerned spectator*, were absurd ; they cannot. if they
would; they ought not, if they could. Your lonise
i .1:Lulls. so contiguous to the shores of Greece and the
:%lorea, cannot but be affected by the events in Greece.
Nor can you be indifferent to the fate that seems to be
i 'upending over Constantinople, unless a powerful end
I..ancdratc mediation take place ia her favour. It were
;Ale to repeat, what is known to the most superficial pee
htician, that the possession of Constantinople has been
tt.e favourite project of the Court of Petersbnrgh. It
ss ere equally idle to deny, that circumstances were never
more favourable to the accomplishment of that project.
'I tie sttecrss of the arms of Russia against Bonaparte.
given her more confidence and strength t and we
should be silly indeed if we supposed that in proportion
es the means of a nation are enlarged, her ambition is
disoini•lied. The manner in which the Emperor Alm
sootier has supported the policy of Austria. with respect lo
it.ily, has git en him strong claims upon the Caboose al
Vienna, from which it is not easy to believe be would so.
counter any vigorous opposition in his designs
Turkey. It is not necessary to enter into any roves
tion of the question, whether Russia is wise in enter
in IleAgns against Turkey—whether she may not be as'
hipolitic as Bonaparte was, tu his attack upon Spain PA.
Fortelle unnecessary is it to chew, that the possessios
even of 'onstatitiuople would not involve in it the co.
quest of Turkey. We have seen in Spain what a vigor-
ous impulse the destruction of a weak Government can
Five to en Empire. Russia can never achieve the
corn-
',hie subjugation of Turkey, eves if the policy of the rest
of Europe suffered her to attempt it, withont opposition.
She may. indeed, effect the destruction of the present Ow
vcrninent, but a new Power may spring from its ashes
more dangerous, because, with the means and resources
of the ola liovertintent, it will have more impetuosity,
wore enterprise, more daring, OHM energy.
" ttnt wind will be the policy of France and Great
Britain To offer their mediation in the first instance
is so obvious, that we cannot but suppose that system
lies Dom) adopted. But if it be refused, are they there-
fore to enter into a war i The remonstrance against
any grievance—the offer to arrange the differences be-
tween hostile Powers, does not necessarily oblige us to
take part with one against the other. But it can never
he of little consequence to express, and to record, the
opinion of an independent and impartial Power. It is
the p sliry, both of France and Great Britain, to prevent
the destruction of the Turkish Power, and to see the
cre-eent still hover over the port of Constantinople. The
iiidereilence of the Greeks is a subject we touch with
more doubt and hesitation, because DO man can be ig-
norant of the oppression under which they have so long
groaned, and because the very idea of restoring liberty
to Greece, conjures up such delightful images of future
happiness to mankind. But let us not too hastily be-
lieve that nothing wore is necessary than the removal
of tie. Turkish Power, in order to discover the same
race of men to whom we have constantly applied the
name and character of Greek—let us sot forget too that
the Albians who may have encouraged the insurrectiou
of the Greeks, will be in the end the greatest obstacles
to their emancipation. They niaLosithem to strike the
sceptre from the grasp of the fns, in order to
seise it themselves. That any efforts of France or of
England can or ought to prevent the Greeks from using
every effort to recover their independence. we are by we
*Deans prepared to maintain. Bet let as not bogy ow-
selves up with the belief that emancipation ibe
Turkish yoke must necessarily lead to the esta
of real liberty in Greece—or that the destruction
Turkish empire is an event which we ought to desire et
to promote."
On Friday three boys left Newhaven with a plea-
sure boat belonging to a gentleman. and were not
heard of before Sunday morning, whoa they were
picked up in Kirkaldrbay, baying been beating about
the Forth all the intermediate time, without being able
to make to any shore.
Hoe lowsweerics.—Withht these few days the
plant has beim= lima foster. but it continues to
grow. and there Is we peel a prospect of a crop that
sewerage= are of *ahem sore duty will be paid
than hat year's crop prodoood...4ifereseter Jeers.)

C%tL% r. MACNAttAItA.
(erIITHER PARTIcULAKS.)
Lord Nnititt•ltV having taken his seat on the Bench
this morning, and the Jury having appeased in the
Box,
Mr. Serjeant Joy stated the case on the part of the
Defendant, nearly as follows:
Gentlemen of the Jury—l tis my duty, as Counsel
for the Defendant, to address a few words to you, on
the subject of this action. I trust, Gentlemen, that
you owe me no ill will. for having been, in goose mea-
snre, the cause of this action having been adjourned
to this day. You will now come to investigate the
case, with your bodies refreshed and your minds in
full vigour; and you will be the better enabled to
judge dispassionately of the nature of the evidence
adduced. My client, Gentlemen, comes into Court
under many disadvantages. My adversaries com-
plain that he has violated a deliberate engage-
ment into which he entered with the plaintiff.—
You have had an eloquent address already, and you
may look forward, Gentlemen, to another; for me, I
shall offer yoga but a dry detail of farts. My client
comes before you, lahooring under the influence of a
former verdict ; twelve men in that.litry Box returned
a verdict of .C2OOO against him. You are not to con-
sider if by that verdict'lle would be imprisoned for
life; let him be imprisoned for lift if he deserves it
but u high-minded men, as men of honour, you will
say, we will find our verdict, and not look to theirs.
The temper and disposition of my client has been
brought forward ; you have heard that he was violent
—letters were read to that effect ; but will not you in
your coulee judgment admit, that the 111E1 who could
boldly °image law in defence of one woman's charac-
ter, could never have acted as has been represented by
another. I know not how far the feelings of one man
may influence another ; there are twelve of ynu, Gen-
tlemen, and I do think that not one of you has entered
that box without a feeling of prepossession against my
client. I know not if you possess that sublime vir-
tue that ran resist the prepossession which you feel ;
I know, Gentlemen, that you mean justice, but I know
not if you can achieve it. book to the facts of the
ease—see of what the defendant is accused :---a gentle-
man, an officer, is accused of having violated Isis en-
gagemeots. Gentlemen, there are cases where the
feelings of a Jury 1113 y be aroused, and where they
would he well u arraotcil in afflicting punishment,
letting their private feelings go along with their ver-
dict. If a young and inexperienced girl is seduced
by an old and practised seducer, if a wife is se-
duced from an affectionate husband, or a mother
from her infant children, I know not what damages
might not be given. Gentlemen, I will put two ea.
treme cases. lam not now speaking of the proud
case; but, I say, suppose a common prostitute ob-
tained sufficient influence over the mind of a young
man, to induce him to make her a promise of mar-
, nage—suppose your own son, by arts practised un
was placed in such a situation, would you treat that
woman, in a Court of Joistire, as you would treat a
young and innocent girl, or a virtuous wife? No,
IGentlemen, you would not give such a woman dama-
ges ; you world not permit her to barter on her infa-
my ; you would hoot such a case out of Court. Sup-
pose another case; suppose a roman, a widow, be-
comes acquainted with a man of warm temper, who,
yielding to the irnpul,e of the moment, after years of
co-habitation, makes her a promise of marriage, would
you call that seduction ; think on it—reason un it—
could you term that seduction? no, you would hold
the balance of justice steadily ; you would see which
side would preponderate, and your verdict would be
accordingly. Let me ask any one of you, if a melts-
bee of your family hail become connected with a wo-
man of artful a.:d violent temper. perhaps affectionate;
if, under these circumstances, he had been induced to
commit to writing a promise made to such a woman ;
it might perhaps, he your own casr, Gentlemen ; 1 do
nut mean in your own pOrson‘, but iu the person of
some friend or relation I a'k you, then. Gentlemen,
which of you, if your son was !inn situated, which of
you would not iloist on his breaking off such a conuec-
lion ; I know if he hail seduced a virtuous girl,
he should pay the price of his folly or his
Let me now state the present case t t you
tlemen, I think I have been stating it : the plaintiff,
Mrs. Calla, lived in George's•street, where she let
lodgings; she was introduced to my client by a Mrs.
Hamilton, who lives in Dif,e.street. Perhaps,Gentle-
men, you have been in London, and may know Duke'
street there. (One of the Jury here remarked, that
he knew Duke-street, London.) lam particularly
happy that yon recollect Duke-street, Sir, and I hope
you are not forgetful of the kind of accommodation
which you have been accustomed to receive there.—.
(Laughter.)--31rs. furniture, however, was
not complete; she wanted a sofa.--(Laughter.)—a-
Gentlemen, Mrs. Calla hail one, and it was in the
purchase of this ‘iifsi by Nlr:. Hamilton that the in-
troduction between the young Irishman and the
plaintiff took place. Caroline Exton, the %illness on
the part of the plaintiff, tells you that lie repeated his
visits, and that lie was p:tying his addresses to her
mistress, as she believes ; it ended, however, in their
going off in a hackney-coach to the barrack, or withi•
a few yards of h; you find her afterwards living with
the defendant; they said they had been married, bat
she afterwards resumes her own name. I know there
are instances where marriages are kept secret, but I
never heard an instance of a woman sleeping with a
man to whom she said she was married, if her object
was to keep that marriage a secret ; a woman of vie
toe owes too much to her characte to risk the impu-
tations that would thus be thrown upon it. Coiodder
this case coolly, Gentlemen, and I cannot fear your
judgment, fur you will then decide justly. The plain-
tiff had no means of living hut by letting her house,
and when it was let she was quartered on Captain'
M'Namara. I know that lie was represented as living
on (ter; is not such conduct incompatible with his
character? The bold, impetuous man, cannot be the
crawling reptile, whose progress is traced only by the
slime it leaves behind. Whatever faults i.e may have,
they are those of his country ; be is generous, warm-
hearted, impetuous, but never mean. l have me.,
ver seen himself, but I see his character in Isis 01111111111.1
that conduct is to be condemned, it is violent, weep
was, but It is not mean. In all the letters whirl MPS'

been produced, titers is not any evidence of money has-
ing been reoeined 14 him from the plaintiff except one.
which encloses two pounds, and that very letter epolo-
gises for not seeding her a receipt to draw his pay ; he
tells her that it is Sunday, and he cannot get a stamp.
Look to Lis letters ; are they written in that mean and
contemptiblespirit which you are told i nffuenced his con-
duct ? In one of them he tells her, that though not
used to it, be has been obliged to travel on foot, and
even to borrow from the serjeant of the regiment ; but
he says he cares not if he leaves her comfortable. Is
this the conduct of a man who would owe 11;s subsist.
once to her parse? Will you visit him with damages
because he lived with this woman ? The evidence as se
the promise rests solely on the testimony of Caroline
Eaton, the servant of all work; and she deposes to
conversations at which no third person was present,
and where she cannot be contradicted. There
has been no account how that paper was procured ;
what the nature of that contract was I appeal to vou
as men of understanding to say, was it not to induce
her to cohabit with him; how else can we account for
it ? There was no conversation as to marriage. She
lived for two years as his mistress after having re-
ceived that promise to marry at a future period, and
'the future period had not arrived. The witness who
was examined yesterday, Caroline Exton, is really n
very clever girl; you thought it was simplicity; I
put one question to her, I asked her if she ever bad
a child ? and I could not but remark her strength of
nerve, while she distinctly and emphatically answered
no'. If we prove that she had a child, what degree of
credit will you then give to her evidence ? Will it
not surprise you, Gentlemen, if we prove that she had
&child in Mrs. Caila's house and with Mrs. Caila's
knowledge ; I repeat it, Caroline Exton is really a
very clever girl. The plaintiff is a woman of no edu-
e,ation; a woman who dined with her servants and
lived in the kitchen ; a woman who visite.' the kept
mistresses of the defendant's both, r officers. If we
prove all this, what is the measure of damages that
you will award the plaintiff? What was the use she
made of that promise ; was it not held over
until the defendant was married ? Site lived
with him for four years without requiring a pro-
mise, and after having got possession of that written
one, she lived with him for two years without
enforcing the fulfilment of it. When the defendant had
married another, she found it would be worth her while
to have kept him to herself; she knew his little income
was more her own than his. If your own sun was to
circumstanced, and that the verdict rested on such
evidence as that given by Caroline Exton, no other wit-!
mess having been produced, could you an aril the plaintiff
damages? bly Learned Friends were quite thunder-
struck at the verdict returned on the late trial ; I was
mat in that case, but it was the opinion of my friends, that
even if the evidence was not contradicted, the damages
were outrageous. Gentlemen, the defendant has but
SM. in the world, left him by his father, and will you,
by your verdict this day, visit my client with such
damages as may amount to a sentence of imprisonment
for life? After concluding a very able speech the Learned
Counsel proceeded to call Mr. Bryant, a medical gentle-
man of Edgeware-road, who deposed to his having de-
livered Caroline Exton, a principal witness in behalf of
the prosecution, of a female child in Mrs. Caila's house,
on the 30th October. 1917 ; that Mrs. hails paid him
for his attendance, and said that Caroline Exton was her
niece. The next witness was Ann M'Donnell—Knows
Mrs. Utile; lived with her in London; remembers the
time that Caroline Exton was delivered of a female
child; she, witness, and Mrs. Calla, went for Doctor
Bryant, who attended Caroline in her lying-in. Some
other Witness were examined, who deposed to the effect,
that they thought Mrs. Caila was a kept woman. The
ease having been here closed on both sides, Mr. Dolwell 1
Walshe rose to address the Jury on the part of the'
plaintiff, which he did to the following effect:
Gentlemen of the Jury—The evidence having been
closed on both sides, it is my duty as Counsel for the
plaintiff, to address a few words to you, en the nature 11
of the evidence which you have just heard. I shaft
not commence, as the Learned Serjeant did, in depre.
eating your ill will; I will not suppose that yen
come into that box with any prepossession on your
minds. I will not suppose that you arc inclined
Ito pre-judge that case which you are called
on to decide; you have taken your oaths to do justice
between the parties, and you will abide by the oaths
which you bate taken. Gentlemen, after all the arts
et Counsel. ingeniously devised and ingeniously prac-
tised ; after all the address and adroitness manifested
1 In the framing and presenting that bill of exceptions,
which wrung from us that verdict, which a Jury on
their oaths had awarded, justice once more holds her
unerring and majestic course. The cause which you
are about to try, Gentlemen, is that of a woman, a
widow, and a stranger. The defence which you have
heard is precisely that which becomes the party who
makes it; be would be as false to himself as he has
been to others if be retired on any other ; it is of the,
same stamp, colorer and character as the rest of his
conduct, exhibiting throughout, the one 4101, hardened
incapacity of shame. If, however, he has been uni-1
formly shameless, boas has been admirably consistent.
—He has added the crime of seduction to a breach al
faith, and hesitates sot afterwards to caluMniate the'
woman he has reined. The plaintiffs maiden name
was Beeson, Gentlemen, she was married when very
young, to Mr. Peter Calla. On his death, she left
that house and bought another. This house was
bought with bet money, and furnished by her. The
defendant is the second son of a family of great
opulence and unquestionable rank ; he, of course,
has all the influence such wealth and rank
procures fur him. The acquaintance between the
plaintiff and defendant commenced through a
Mrs. Hamilton, and made a much more favourable Ins-
pressiow on the defendant than on the plaintiff; she
gave diroetions that be should not be admitted to her
house when he called. This was not the conduct of
such a woman as she has been represented to be by the
defendant's Counsel. The defendant, however, perste
vered ; he was but too successful, and their acquaintance
ended in an intercourse which I au not called on to pal-
liate. Gentlemen, I admit that she has fallen ; no ntat-
ter now by what insidious arts lie had prevailed upon
her ; she acknowledges her shame, she comes into court,
and bows down her head in the (Inst. But while she
this bumbles herself before you, will von permit hint to
triumph in the misery, the ruin, and the degradation
which he has brought on her ? Will you permit him to
point to his purse with one hand, end to his victim with
the other telling yOu to spare that purse because he made
that victim ? What is her crime ? A confidence in
his bower, and now is be to taunt her with her wild
in hawing believed him? Is he to laugh at the
5„,..
fool, who would believe in tbe honour of an Irish
? Moen be made that promise, he either was
es was asst slams. if be was sincere, it need not be