The Statesman.
London, England, 1821-04-02 00:00:00

Papers from all pans of Nortar.Ameries atriveti this
inoraing, to the 7th of March. Among these is the
Freeman's Journal of the Btb, from which we give As

following :
(FROM Tilt NATIONAL INTELLIOENCIR, TiAitClt 6.)
The inauguration of the President of the United
States, whose second term of service eammenced yes-
terday, took place according to previews arrangemest.
The Oath of Office having been administered to the
President by Chief Jastice Marshall, he delivered the

subsequent rpeech
INAUGURAL SPEECH.
Yesterday', at 12 (Mock, on taking the oath to sup-
port the Constitution of the United States, the following
Speech was delivered by James Monroe, President of the

United States
" Fellow Citizens-1 shall not attempt to describe the
grateful emotions which the new and very distinguished
proof of the confidence of my fellow citizens, evinced by
my re-election to this high trust, has excited in my bo-
som. The approbation which it announces of toy con-
duct, in the preceding term, affords me a consolation
which 1 shall profoundly feel through life. The general
accord with which it has been expressed, adds to the
great and never•ceasieg obligations which it imposes.
To merit the continuance of this good opinion, and to
carry it with use into tai• retirement, u the solace of ad•
vanring years, will be the object of my most zealous and

unceasing efforts...--
•' Just before the commencement of the last term, the
limited States had concluded a war with a very power-
fat nation, on conditions equal and honourable to both
parties. The events of that war are too recent, and too
deeply imprelsed on the memory of all, to require a de-
velopemetst from me. Our commerce had been, in a
great measure, driven from the sea; our Atlantic and
Inland frontiers were invaded in almost every part ; the
waste of life along our coast, and on some parts of our
Inland frontiers, to the defence of which our gallant and
patriotic citizens were called, was immense; in addi-
tion to which, not less than one hundred and twen►y
millions of dollars were added at its end to the public
debt.
As soon as the war had terminated, the nation ad-
monished l,y its events, resolved to place itself in a si-
tuation, which should be better calculated to prevent the
vrettrrence of a like evil, and, in cast it should recur, to
mitigate its calamities. With this view, after reducing
oar land force to the basis of a peace establishment,

which has hero further modified since, provision was
made for the construction of fortifications at proper
points, throozh the whole extent of our coast, an 4 such
an auermentatioo of our naval force, as should be well

allaptedto both purp,ses. The laws, makiiir. this pear:-
pion, were passed in I.:15 anil 16, and it Isai been, since,
the constint etfoi t of the executive to carry thew into
effect.

The animator of these fortifications, and of an ang-
mentesl ust•al faarre, in the extent contemplated, in point
of economy, has been folly illustrated, by a report of the
Board air Eaigineers and Naval Commissioners, lately

,• n'oittrit to Congress, by which it appears, that
in an invasion by twenty thousand men, with a corres-
pondent nay.ll force, in a campaign of sic months only,
the wlls.le expett:e of the construction of works would
be defrayed by the (Inference in the slim net . to
maintain the fare.• which would be adequate to our de-
fence with the aid of those works, and that which would
be incurred with hint them.
" It need scarcely he remarked, that these measures
have not !Teti resorted to in a spirit of hostility to other
powers. Stich a disposition does not exist towards any
power. Peace and good will have been, and will here.
after le, cultivated with all, and by the most faithful
regard to justice. They have been dictated by a love
of peare, of economy, and au earliest desire to save the
lives of our fellow-citizens from that destruction, and
one country from that devastation, which are inseparable
from war, when it finds its unprepared for it. It is be-
lieved, and experience has 'hewn, that such a prepara-
tion is the hest expedient that can be resorted to, to pre-
vent war. I add, with much pleasure, that considerable
trotters. has already been made in these measures of
defence. aunt that they will he completed in a few year.,
tunsislerinz the great extent and importance of the ob-
ject, if the plats be zealously and steadily persevered in.
"The conduct of the Government, in what relates to
foreign powers, is always an object of the highest im-
portance to the nation. Its agriculture, commerce, ma-
nufacture., fisheries. revenue : in short, its peace, may
all be atfeetesi by it. Attention is, therefore, due to this
subject.
At the?eriell adverted to, the Powers of Europe, after
having Leta engaged in long and destructive wars with
each other, had concluded a peace, which happily still
exists. Our peace with the power with whom we had
been engaged, had also been concluded. The war be-
tu era Spain and than colonies in South America, which
had commence!' many vears before. was then the only
conflict that remained unsettled. This being a contest
between different parts of the same community, in which
Other Suers had not interfered, was not affected by
their Imo:iodations..
"'heat confidence is entertained, that the late treaty
It" Slmio, which has been ratified by loath the parties,
and the ratifications whereof have been exchanged, has
placed the relations of thus two countries on a basis of
Permanent friendship. The provision made by it for
such of 0.0. citizens as have claims on Spain, of the
liar:titter described, will, it • is presumed, be very satis-
factory to them; awl the boundary which is established
mitewren the territories of the parties, westward of the
heretofore in dispute, has, it is thought,
been ',Heil nu conditions jest and advantageous to
both. Rat, to the acquisition of Flerinda, too much itn-
!emote, cannot be attached. It secures to the United
:toes a territory important in itself, aid whose import-
, is mr.ch increaswd, ty its bearing on many of the
highest interests of tile Union' it opens to several of
the neir."ll"---aring states a free passage to the ocean,
thr"gli the province ceded, by several rivers. having
their s"nrces hizis up within their limits. It secures us
against all future annoyance from powerful Indian tribes.
It &es us escellent harbours in the Oulf of Mexico, for
i~ of war of cite largest !.1.1e.. It covers, by its posi-
'c"nto the the Mississippi and other great waters
*tin* oar esteu:44 lisai:s, and thereby enables flat-

- .
United States to afford complete prose tilts to the vast
and very valuable prodactions of our whole Western
citatory, which lint a market through those streams.-
" By a treaty with the British government, bearing
date on the twentieth of October, one thousand eight
hundred and eighteen, the convention regulating the
commerce between the United States and Great Britain,
concluded on the third of July, one thousand eight hun-
dred and fifteen, which was about expiring, was revived
and continued for fhe term of ten years from the time
of its expiration.—fly that treaty, also, the differences
which had arisen under the treaty of Ghent, respecting
the right claimed by the United States for their citizens,
to take and cure fish on the coast of his Britannic Ma-
jesty's dominions in .tinerica, with Other differences on
important interests, were adjusted, to the satisfaction of
both parties. No agreement has yet been entered into
respecting the commerce between the United States and
the British dominions in the West Indies, and on this
continent.—The restraints imposed on that commerce
by Great Britain, and reciprocated by the United States,
on a principle of defence, continue still in force.
"The negotiation with France for the regulation of

the commercial relations between the tw•o countries,
which in the course of the last summer, had been com-
menced at Paris, has since been transferred to this city,
and will be pursued, on the part of the United States, in
the spirit of conciliation, and with an earnest desire
that it may terminate in an arrangement satisfactory to
both parties.
" Our relations with the Barbary powers ate preserved
:n the same state, and by the same means, that were eta-
ployed when I came into this office.—
" Europe is again unsettled, and the prospect of w•ar
increasing. Should the flame light up in any quarter,
how far it may rctend, it is impossible to foresee. It is
our peculiar felicity to be altogether unconnected with
the causes which produce this menacing aspect else-

where. With every power we are in perfect amity, and
it is our interest to remain so, if it be practicable, on
just conditions. I see no reasonable cause to apprehend
variance with any power, unless it proceed from a viola-
tion of our maritime rights. In these contests, should
they occur, and to whatever extent they may he carried,
we shall be neutral; but, as a neutral power, we have
rights which it is our duty to maintain. For light in-

juries it will be incumbent on us to Beck redress in a

spirit of amity, in full confidence that, injuring none,
none would kaow•ingly:injure us; fur snore iu►winent
dangers we should be prep4red.—
" Entering►, with these views, the office which 1 have

just solemnly sworn to execute with fidelity, and to the
utmost of my ability, I derive great satisfaction from a
knowledge that I shall be assisted in the several depart•
ments by the very enlightened and upright citizens from

whom 1 have received so much aid in the preceding
term. With full confidence in the continuance of that
candour and generous indulgence, frum:my fellow-citi-
tens, at large, which I have heretofore experienced, and,
with a firm reliance on the protection of Almighty land,
I shall forthwith commence the duties of the high trust
to which you have called me."
(FROM THE NEW 501411 ADVERTISER OF TUE 9th WAR'
liV the schooner, Blucher, front Ilatannah, we
learn that the Spanish frigate, Pronta, with seven ships
under convoy, and 3,100,000 dulhrs in specie on
hoard (ail destined for C.,dix,) strrived at Ilavannah,
Nov. 19, struck on a ruck inside the Moro, sprang a
leak, landed her coin and would detain the fleet to re-
pair. Commodore Jolly's squadron, consi-ting of one
ship and two brigs, were still cruising alo,u the coast
of Cuba. They had recently captured 51 draggers.
The markets wer.• much depressed.

Whatever the result of Italian *lairs may he, we are
convinced, that France cannot long continue in its
present universally dissatisfied state. The simulta-
neous nature of the late disturbances, combined with
the policy pursued by Ministers and the mad projects of
the Ultras, justify our conviction that a crisis is at
hand. We have, indeed, letters before us of the 29th
from Paris, which represent the public mind through-
out France, as being in a state of the greatest fermen-
tation. The Ultra! who have, owing to the late law
of elections, obtained so large a majority in the Cham-
ber of Deputies, insist on the following concessions, be-
fore they will consent to support the actual llinistry.
114 t. The creation of sixty Peers :-2nd. Twenty-five
millions of re nt- s, to indemnify the emigrants :-Id. A
strict adherence to the Concordat of I:09, by which
thirty Bishops are to be added to the number of those
already ordained iu France :-4th. A law on public
instruction, which shall place education exclusively
in the hands of the Clergy. Such are the pretensions
of the Ultra-Royalist faction.

Among the public proceedings of the preceding
week, there have been none, excepting those of
Parliament, which have given rise to so much and
to such general animadversion, as those connected
with the trial of George Eagiond at Horsham.—
To enforce the payment of their taxes, and to
prevent the evasion of that payment, the Govern-
ment station a considerable force upon the coast ; and
in this state of things a poor fisherman was shot by
one of the persons composing the Government force.
The cir•nmstances attending that transaction appear
in the hove trial, to which we earnestly entreat
the attention of our countrymen. Now, although
the jury are selected by the Sheriff, and he is
appointed by the Government; although the prisoner
was supported by the Admiralty. who employed three
lasslt's Conosel in his defence, the Jery, after a cau-
tious deliberation, which flees them credit, returned a
verdict of Wilful Murder against the prisoner. Not
the least important part of the case is yet to be ob-
served span. The Judge, upon passing sentence, de-
clared. that in the face of the wuntry he had no hesi-,
tation in saying, he should have been glad if the ver-
dict bad been the other way; and this, we have no
doubt, is the prelnde to s pinion. Already as the
prisoner received a respite; and reports state coal-
' dendy that a pardon has bees actually granted. Now,
in contradiction to the opinion of the Jadge, we. in the
face of the country, give it as oar °piston, that the
verdict was folly marranted by the evidence...—.
He is the Judge who tried Broadreth at Derby, for

High Treason; and told the Jury who convict,-
that •' they deserved well of their conutry." We be-
lieve be afterwards did not feel inclined to pay so
much deference to the opinion of Juries; fur, upon
late occasion, when a poor ilookseller was tried fur
selling a political libel, the Jury who convicted him
having recommended him to mercy, this Judge sent
them back to re-eoneitier dreir reeasaniessdatioa ! And
upon the occasion immediately before us, he said be
wished the verdict had been the other way.
We will now take a short comparative view of the
opinion which is formed by Government upon cases
affecting themselves. Wilson, who was convicted of
High Treason in the North, was recommended to
mercy by the Jury, and that recommendation was
supported by some of the first gentlemen of the county,
on account of the man's exemplary character—/le•
woo e.reerted. Cashman, the sailor, was convicted fur
breaking open a gun-smith's shop upon occasion of
the Spa Fields Riot. Ile was executed ; although he
had a long and faithful service of his country to urge
in extenuation of his offence. On the other hand, a
soldier, convicted in the North of wilful murder, by
shouting one of the people, has not been executed ;
and Sir Masseh Lopes, who was convicted of Bribery,
has been pardoned ; although the Court, in passing
sentence upon bins declared that language was too
feeble to describe the enormity of his offence. 'l•he
Manchester Yeomanry were thanked, while Mr. Hunt
and Sir Francis Burdett are now in prison ; the for-
mer for being the Chairman of a peaceable Meeting,
and the latter for writing a well known letter C.llll.
menting upon the transactions arising out of that
Meeting.
This being the conduct of Government, w•e ma 4- as
well see how they have elte,•cd the lair, in order to
justify that conduct. Paler the old English Law
there wa• a process called " appeal," by which the
power ot• the Crown to pardon murderers was render-
ed unavailing. trver that process, which might be
set on foot by the heir of the menlered person, the
Crown had no power whatever; and the murderer
must have been executed, unless the 111.4 of the de-
ceased consented to his pardon. That process has been
diso/islu•d t of littriimiscat; Sir rrancis Burdett
(wing the only man in the (louse of Commons who
opposed its abolition : and the Crown may now par-
don any Murder, however atrocions. We intended to
have stated a case in point, but must defer it till
our space and time permit.

The Clergy of the .%rchdio►cese of Dublin have de-
puted two exemplary Prelates, most Rev. Doctors
Murray and Doyle, to proceed to London, there to at-
tend the progress of the Bilis, and to be in constant
communication with the friends of the Catholics in
both Houses.

The Lord Mayor of Dublin, the Lord Mayor of Lon-
don, and the Lord Provost of Ealin/march, are each to
have a place assigned to them VlJtis.Majcsty's Coro-
nation. This, ice understan 1, is tine upon the prin-
ciple of having the union of the United Kingdom re-
presented by the Chief Magistrate of London, and the
Chief Magistrates of Dublin and Edinburgh, as sup-
porter...
Notice is given in Saturday night's 11a:rtisithat his
!Majesty will hold a Levee at Car!tor-house; on Wednes-
day the 2tl of May, and that in consequence of St.
George's day occurring on Easter Monday, the draw-
, ing.r.sont intended to be held at linekioWsaus-Palare,
in celebration of his Majesty's birth-day, is postponed
to Thursday the 3.1 of May next.
The following reductions are to take place on the
Kral of Great Britain, on the 24th ofJune. viz. Major
Generals Reyna-11, Sir James Lyon, anl Sir A. Bar-
nard, K. C. B.
Corazassourn, M sacra 24.---An instance of list
president rage for popular contests. o*cnrred in the
election of a Coroner for the cutztity of t•untlwrlantl,
which terttsinated here this day, after live day's open
poll. All the spirit of a county election seas dis-
placed on this occasion. One thousand freeholders
pulled in favour cif Mr. Richard Lowry, who tri-
umphed over hi opponent, Mr. Holum, by a tatajorita
of 32, and had a great number of voters in reserve

The creditors of lloward and (liblos, present on
Satnrolay, proceeded to sign the different list*, Mr.
Herman's name having been withdrawn, and Mr.
Duff's inserted. The list fur Wilkie, Campbell and
Davies, was signed by creditors to the amount of
18,7351. ; hut that of Carrol, Shaw and Duff, by
creditors for several thousands more. The Commis-
'boners therefore declared the choice of a•:*ignees to
have fallen on those persons, atel signed the warrant
accordingly.
DE st ti op Mots. EwsTnv.—To the many awful
instances, of late, of the uncertainty of human life, we
are much concerned tb add the sudden death of Mrs.
Elliston, the wife of the manager of Drury-lane Thea-
tre.—On Friday last she attended the dinner, fur the
Theatrical Fund, at the Freemason's Tavern, in her
usual state of health and spirits; and yesterday morn-
ing expired. Mr. Ehliston, in the interim, had gone
to Ilusingtoni to which place a messenger has been
dispatched with intelligence of the melancholy and
unexpected evebt.