The Statesman.
London, England, 1823-12-27 00:00:00

11

the organization of the Department. There was due by the
department to contractors, on the tit day of July last, twenty
tail thpusiod five hundred and forty eight dollars and sixty four
cents. • • •
The tranapeuteglop of. the mail, velthie fite yearn pest, has
been greatly, extended, and the expenditures of the department
proportionably Increased. Although the 'postage which hes
aterned.withiu the last three years, has Istien.sltort of the ex-
penditures twp t.undred and sixty two thousen t eight hundred
and twenty one dollars end forty six cents, it appears that
collections have been made from the ontatinding balances, to
meet The principal part of the current demands.
11 It is estimated that not more than two hundred' and fifty
thousand dollars of the above balances eon be collected, and
that a considetible part of this sum can only be realized by a
resort to legal process. Some improvements in the receipts for
postage is expected. A prompt a•tention to the collection of
moneys received by post masters, it is believed, will *liable the
department to continue its operations without aid from the
Treasury, unless the expenditure shall be increased by the
establishment of new mail routes.
A rev taloa of some parts of the post office law may be ne•
cessary ; and it is submitt,d, whether it would not be proper
to provide for the appointment of post masters, where the
compensation exceed a certain amount, by nomination to the
Senate, as other officers of the general government are ap-
pointed.
Having communicated my views to Congress, st the emir
meseetnent of the last session, respecting the encouragement
which ought to be given to our manufactures, and the principle
on which It should be founded, 1 have only to add, that those
views remain unchanged, and that the present state of those
countries with which we have the most immediate plitical
relations, and greatest commercial intercourse, tends to confirm
them. Under this impression, 1 recommend a review of the
tariff, for the purpose of affording such additional protection
to those articles which we are prepared to manufacture, or
'which are more immediately connected with the defence and
Independence of the country.
The actual state of the public accounts, furnishes addi-
tional evidence of the efficiency of the present system of
accountability, in relation to the public expenditure. Of
the monies drawn from the Treasury since the fourth of
March, one thousand eight hundred and seventeen, the sum
remaining unaccounted for, on the 30th of Sept. last, is
more than a million and a half of dollars less than on the
Stith► of Sept. preceding ; and during the same period a re-
duction of nearly a million of dollars has been made in the
amount of the unsettled accounts for monies advanced pre-
viously to the 4th of March, one thousand eight hundred
and seventeen. It will he obvious that, in proportion as the
mass of accounts of the latter description is diminished, by
settlement, the difficulty of settling the residue is increased
from the consideration, that in many instances, it cam be ob-
tained only by legal process. For more precise details on this
subject, I refer to a report front the First Comptroller of
the Treasury.
The sum which, was appropriated at the last session, for
the repair of the Cnmberlaod road, has been applied with
'good effect to that object. A final report has not letsheen
received from the agent who was appointed to superintend
it. As soon as it is received, it 'shall be communicated to

Congreas.
Many patriotic and enlightened citizens, who have made
the subject an object of particular investigation, have sug-
.gestcd an improvement of still greater importance. They
are of opinion that the %raters of the Chesapeake and Ohio,
may be-connected together, by one continual canal, and at
an expense far abort of the value and importance of the
object to be obtained. If this could be accomplished, it is
impossible-to calculate the beneficial consequeoc.s which
would result from it. A great portion of the produce of
the very fertile country through which it.would pass would
find a market through that channel. Troops might be
moved with great facility in year, with cannon, and every
-110 of amtuttnition, and in either direction. Connecting
Atlantic with the western country, in a line passing
tie
t. Lough:the seat of the national government, it would con-
t
ibute: essentially to strengthen the bond of union itself.—
fleheying, as I do. that Congress possess the right to ap-
propriate money for !web a national object (the jurisdietteta,l
peinatniag to the states through whieb the coral would passy
I stsbriail it to your consideration whether it may not he,
isleisable to authorise, by an adequate appropriation, the
employment of a suitable number of the officers of the
goer of the eogineera, to examine the unexplored ground
dining the next season, and to report their opinion thereon."
i-- It will likewise be proper to extend their examination
to the. several routes through which the waters of the
Ohio may be connected, by canals, with those of Lake I
Erie.
As the Cumberland road will require annual repairs, and
Congress have not thought it expedient to recommend to
the states an amendment to the constitution, for the
purpose of vesting in the United States a power to adopt
and execute a system of internal improvement, it is also I
submitted to your consideration, whether it may not be
expedient to authorise the Executive to enter into an
afrauganent with the several states through which the
road passes, to establish tolls each withiu its limits, for the
purpose of defraying the expense of future repairs, and of
proeidine also, by suitable penalties, for its protection
against future injuries.
The act of Congress of the ;th of May, one thousand
eight hundred and twenty-two, appropriated the sum of
twenty-two thousand seven hundred dollars for the purpose
of erecting two piers as al shelter for vessels front ice, near
Cape Ilenlopen, Delaware Bay. To effect the object of 1
the act, the officers of the 'Board of Engineers, with I
Commodore Bambridge, directed to prepare plans and 1
estimates of piers sufficient to answer the purpose intended
by the act, It Appetit, by their report, which accotnpantes
he decumetits from the War Department, that the ap-
.orepriation is not adeqoeteld to the purpose intended
ice,
end, as . the piers wou bs„. of at sery
loath to the navigation of the Delaware Bay, and the pro-
tection of vessels. on the adjacent parts of the coasts, I
submit for the consideration of the • Congress whether ad•
ditional and sufficient apprOnriatiens sheald. not be made.
'The Board of Engineers were also directed to exam ine
sod survey the entrance of the harbour of the Port of Pres-
'"quisle in Peosylvania, in order to make an estimate of the
expense of removing the obstroetions to the entrance, nits
a plan of the best mode of effecting the sante ender the
appropriation for that parpos ~ by act of Congres spassid by
3.1 Aerate last. The report of the hoard accompanied the pa.
pin from the War Department,and is submitted for the con-
sideration of Congress.
A strong hope itaS been long entertained, founded on the
keroic struggle of the Greeks, that they would succeed in
their, Contest, 'and resnme their equal station among the
options of the earth. It is {whereat that the whole civilized
:World ilkei a deep Interest in their welfare. Although
no Power has des tared In their favour, yet none, according
td our infornietfon,ltas taken pert against them. Their
`ciase. ' and tfizir iiiiie hive protected them from dangers,
which 'atigtt•, ere this, have overWhilmed any other people.
;414e or 4inar y calculations of interest, and of acquisition,
with a vicar te age. andinment, which mingle so welt iu
the imrissetiOne of oolong, item to have had no effect in
regard to them. From the farts which have come to our
litidni Ago; there Is good cane to believe that their enemy
has lost for ever all dominion over them -, that tircece
sill bemuse againan independint nation. That she in ty
obtain that rash, is the object of our most ardent wishes.
,_
_li w 49
.spitett at the coinntzncetnent of the last session,
tlastAlre. great effort 0.24 therm making in Spain and Por-
Alga to improve the condition of the people of those
siantriee, and • that it appeared to. he conducted with
ettlearredittary moderation. It need scarcely he remarked
Alit the'reitilt bas I een, sn far, very different from what
"Ilse then anticipated. Of events in thatquarter
L of the
0e: with %linen-We have so lunch intercourse, arid from
Olill'Wo'derrsat'iti.ifrar)gin, we have always teem anxious
And
.inteketted spektia‘Ofe. The eititens of the United
States:cherish sentiment' the moat friendly. in favour of
the Ithertyanal !sappiness of tl4ii fellow snep on that aide
of the Atlantic. la the wars of Eutopean rteers,.iit

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matters relating to thernselyet, we have never taken any
part, war does it comport with our policy so to do. It i.
only when Out rights are invaded, or seriously menaced :
Viet we resent. injuries, or make. prepeption for our
defence. With the movements in this Itenstiphere, we are,
of eezessity, more. immediately connected; and by causes
whitio must lie obvious to all - enliglatened and impartial
observers. the political system of the Allied Provers. is
essentially different, in WS respect, ftotli that 'of America.
This difference proceeds from that which exists in their
respective govern:tie:lto. And- ter Are defence of our, own.
which flan been achieved by the loss of so Much blood
amid teeasure, and metered by the wisdom of their west
enlightened citizens, and, under which we „hovel enjoyed
unexampled felicity, this whole nation is delimited. We
owe it, therefore to candour, and tO the; AthieithlP relatierle ,
existing between the Unill4 States and those Powers, to
declare that we should consider any attempt on their part
to extend their system to any portion of this hewn-
phere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the
existing colonies or dependencies of any European Power'
we have net interfered, and shall not interferes But,
with the governments who hive declared their independ-
ence, and maintained it, and whose independence we have,
on great consideration, and on just principles, at know-
lodged. we could not view any interposition for theother pur-
, pose of oppressing them, or controlling in apy
, 'tanner their 'destiny, by any European Power, in any
'.ntlier light than as the manifestation an unfriendl
mitsposition towards the United States. lon the war betweeny
those new governments and Spain. we declared our n-u-.
trality at the time of their recognition; and to this we
have adhered, and shall continue to adhere, provided no
change shall occur, which in the judgment of the com-1
patent authorities of this government, shill make a corres-
ponding change, on the part of the United States,. indis•
pensable to their security.
The late events in Spain anti Portugal show that Europe
is still unsettled. Of this important fact no stronger proof
can be adduced, than that the Allied Powers should have
thought it proper, ou any principle satisfactory to them-
selves, and have interposed, by force, in the internal con-
cerns of Spain. To what extent such interpositions may
be carried on the same principle, is a question is which all
independent PoWers, whose Governments differ fronts theirs,
are interested ; even those most remote, and sorely none
more so than the United States. Oar policy, in regard to
Europe, which was adopted at an early age of the wars
which have so long agitated that quarter of the globe,
nevertheless remains the same; which is, not to interfere
in the internal concerns of any of its Powers; to consider
the government dejiseto as the legitimate government for
us; to cultivate friendly relations will it, and to preserve
those relations by a frank, firm, and manly policy ; meeting
in all instances, the just claims of everyPoaer—submoltting
to injuries from none. But, in regard to those continents,
circumstances are eminently and conspicuously different.
It is impossible that the Allied Powers should extend their
political system to any portion of either continent, with Out
endangering our peace and happiness ; nor can awy one be-
lieve that one southern brethren, if left to themselves, won!d
adopt it of their own accord. It is equally -impossible,.
therefore, that we should behold such interposition, in any.
.form, with indifference. If we look to. the competitive..
xtrcngth and resources of Spain, and those. new Gotern-
meats, and their distance from each other, it mnst be ob-
vious that she ran never subdue them. It is still the true
policy of the United States. to leave the parties to them-
selves, in the hope that other Powers will pursue the same
course.
• if we compare• the present condition of our Union
with its actual state at the close of our revolution,
the history of the world furnishes no example of
progress in improvement in all the impor ant cir-
I cumstances which constitute the happiness of a
atation, which bears any resemblance to it. At the first
e', our population did not exceed 3,0130,000. By the
'census it amountiri to about 10,000,000, ancl, what is
snore extraordinary, it is almost altogether natise —for the
'emigration from other countries has been inconsiderable.
At the first epoch, half the territorewithin our acknowledged
limits was uninhabited and aadlaeraestan- since then, new
' territory bas been acquired,. of, vosi.eztent, comprising
withip it many rivers, particularly the Mississippi, the
I navigation of which, to the ocean, wee of the highest Ml-
.pemortance to the original states. Over this territory our
lopulation, has expanded in every ,Airectioo, and new
states ha'e been established, almost equal in number to
those which formed time first bond of our union, This ex-
pansion of onr,popnlation and accession of new states to
our union, have ball the happiest effect on all its
highest interests. That it has eminently aug-
mented our resources, and added to one strength and
respectability as a power, is admitted by all. But it is not
in these Circumstances only that this happy effect is felt.
It is manifest that, by enlarging the basis of oar system,
sod increasing the number of States, the system itself has
been greatly strengthened in both i.s branches. Uonsoli-
dation and disunion have thereby been rendered eqtlally im-
practicable. Each Government, confiding on its own
strength, has less to apprehend from the other, and, in
consequence, each enjoying a greater freedom of action, is
rendered more efficient for all the purposes for which it was
instituted. It is unnecessary to treat here of the vast inn
provement made in the system itself by the adoption of
this constitution, and of its happy effect In elevating the
character, and in protecting the rights of the nation, as
well as of individuols. To what, then do we owe these bles,•
inos? It is known to all that we derive them front the
excellence of our institutions. Ought we not, then, to
adopt every measure which may be necessary to perpetuate
them! JANIS Mot ROIL
Wasbingtoo, Dec. 2. 1.523. . .

CARLOIF.--SAI a OF CASTLEDERIIIOT.ThiS GIN WTI;Ch
nas held on Friday last, exhibited a show of Cattle more
immersing that: any of the preceding Fairs have for a con-
siderable time past—fat Cattle—fat Swine, and Mileh
Cows sold high—a. lot of fat Cows was purchased by a
Dublin Butcher, it 101. lea. a head —Mr..tleorge Wilson,
of tlraigue, obtained for throe and a half years' Bullocks,
101.66.
!mistimes, Dec. 20.—Within the last few days, a ship
was lust between Ballyreene (in Litirrin) and the I:l4nds‘
of Arran, the crew were all •caved. 'they, with their
Csatain, however, ace we understand, at present labouring
under some feverish dis'emper in one of the 'Weide.
There has been a quantity of the cargo thrown On ;horrid
Ballvreene and Doitgliivolicms,,the estate of 'Hilbert
Flem-
among which were eight large phinki of msbog•
any, supposed to be worth 21.'01., a ntimbet of Bilffelo
hides and a part of the rigging' f the vessel; Whistiaar
hereto bound, or the name of the vessel, we base Out
been able to learn.
CnowL.Vato Maniter.—Owing to the general spiritfts
long evinced in sueporting the market of CrJerlod; end
the cony tition rimed among several resprctaVe gr.svets
who have beets hearty. in the cause, the show ans market
on Thursday. the ISth inst driSm ea intmense numbir of
amateurs men Of business, snit of pleasure, and sill, we
hear, were highly gratified with ihesaperior quality of.the'
stock. Some of the sheep weighing, it was thought, not
less than 51111 i. a quarter, ifere'deensid by witty of the
best judges an absolute curiosity ;lyet several of the owners
were heard to express regret that the shortness of the
. Lice had prevented them making them still better.—
Beam% m the show advertised for the next year, .it-is an-
ticipated the display will be mill superior..
•Yeaterilar, a taeoVims bete in
'Bethnal Oreen,.en the t;iiat .
iftteen, naekt
' John VGA, in .apiaitatieV' to a siTk. tveilie;' tri
who itv4s
felted hinging In ma4teertlicialit *kauie Oita be
assigned for the- rash act. '-Veetitrit, histtilti."
'