The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-01-14 00:00:00

''We therefore plainly see one impediment, and, probably,

nowever, with the old race, settled by long
ears of routine into a confirmed course, it is likely little
To attempt to educate such as are

:e can be effected

deficient and far advanced in life, is an object perhaps worthy
of consideration ; but still something can and ought to be
done, to overcome or shake their prejudices, and prevent
their influence from affecting the rising generation.
" In the first place, then, to weaken their prejudices, and
' "

let them see thtit they were actually cared for, I should re-
commend that all farm labourers have free admission to every
agricultural show • and that whenever a ploughing match
was announced, the farmer should spare as many of his men
as he could, without hindrance to his business ; allow them
the time ; and, if they seemed indifferent about going there,
to show them the necessity of seeing all they could relating
to their profession. Secondly, no opportunity should be lost
of impressing those men so strongly imbued with old notions,
of the superiority of many of the modern practices over
those of the old : and no labour should be spared to accom-
Let them see the comparison, when-

plish tt
ever tb

conviction

may happen to be an opportunity; let their opi-
nions on the subject be drawn forth; and, if their judgment
should not direct them to a just conclusion, let that be the
farmer's duty.

"This may seem needless trouble, because it may be said,
the old race must soon die, and their old notions be at the
same time extinguished. But, as I before observed, it is on

account of the young that we should do this, to prevent them
from imbibing the same pernicious notions and, viewed in
that light, the object is far from contemptible.
" With respect to the young race. care should be taken that
they he taught to read, write, and figure. I say, care should
be taken that this be done. But who is to do it ? is the na-
tural question I answer—the landlords, the farmers, and
the parents of the children; and it seems a proper object for
the employment of a portion of the funds of agricultural so-

When t

school education is completed, then comes

the business training, on which, of course, very much de-
pends ; therefore, on no account should the care of those who
1 over the boy's progress at school, be slack-
,me. A farmer will soon learn the disposition
ers, and, if he consult the boy's welfare, will
m be thrown in contact with the obstinate, the
le unskilful, or the immoral. It may not al-
in his power to do this. but a little management will
kany opportunities, and a friend to improvement will
rudge the little trouble such arrangement would

low let
Judiced

require.
_ " In ever

iral district there ought to be a small library
for the use of the scattered population ; and every encou-
lent to create a fondness for reading should be liberally
. But the library should not be confined to one parti-
class of books—should not be strictly agricultural—for
griculturi,t, like men of other professions, seeks infor-

nation not even remotely connected with his business ; it is
:lot, therefore, likely that his taste for reading would be in-
,reased, but probably the reverse, and that library might
oon become mouldy for want of readers. To me it seems
fault, in establishing such a library for the use of agricul-
Fists ; because it looks as though they knew next to no-
ne of their business, and had no mind to extend their
beyond it. The best works on agriculture are
but these and the agricultural periodicals
verative the library should have ; also a choice selec-
In of voyages and travels, works on geography, topography,
-aphy, and history.

jut few in number

The cheap rate at which books can be obtained, places
within the reach of a very moderate saw, and surely
.ad he no great matter to raise that sum ? The land-
is would be the first to whom application should be made ;
the farmers ; and then the agricultural society of the
,t, or, in the absence of that, the National Agricultural
For a slight consideration the schoolmaster of the
Auld probably superintend the library, and the ex-
vould be trifling indeed in comparison with the
r might be expected to be derived by its readers.
of good character should be allowed to have
of charge ; and the young especially should
''•om their improvement, much may very

a library

laKe X'

;pected

t may appear novel and impracticable; but
;on, I think it is not so. Let us look to,
',urishing mechanics' institutions of the
are they supported—those princely
with their museums, and libraries, and schools.
s, and exhibitions, and their hundreds of readers
' Let us ask ourselves, if these immense esta-
„ported, whether libraries, correspond.
ants of the population, cannot be furnished and
.cultural districts. and the seeming dif-
s exist no more ; the mist falls from our eyes ; and we
r why the business has not been accomplished years

d scholars

racnta can be s

1 in our agr

Ngain : with respect to the advancement of the boys.
--- ploughing match there should be distinct prizes for
This is already the case in a few places, and the
a most satisfactory ; but it must become general to
dvantageous. And we should not stop here. Small
rewards for other well-done work on the farm should also
be distributed ; for if rewards be productive of good in the
case of ploughing,
we must expect them to be so in other
cases. Surely, if we are in earliest in attempting to improve
the condition of the agricultural labourer, it is unwise to
allow the young to grow up in the same circumstances as the
old have done, and thus perpetuate an evil which is so uni-
versally deplored ?"

results ar

The Mind and other Poems. BY CUARLZS SWAIN
Walruslev, Liverpool ; Tilt and Bogue, London. 1 vol.
p.p. 310.

We now conclude our notice of Mr. Swain's work. Hav-
ing drawn sufficient attention to the poem which gives the
book its name, to show its great merits, we now turn to the

ratisolladesouz efruilon;

G lit4Y*

fore tbo public, with music set to them by the-most popular
composers of the day. Mr. George tlargreaves, skilful and
talented not only as a composer but as an artist, has written
very charming melodies to some of them. One ballad,
entitled "It was the Early Winter," is a perfect gem. This
portion of the work contains so many very clever composi-
tions, we hardly know which to select as specimens. We,
however, give the following a place, recommending the book
to notice as one of the most elegant and clever that has
issued from the press this season. We have already spoken
of the illustrations ; and in again noticing them, we have
compared them to those in " Rogers's Italy" and other
works, and consider them quite equal in taste, beauty, and

execution.
THE PEASANTRY OF ENGLAND.
The Peasantry of England,
The merry hearts and free ;
The sword may boast a braver band—
But give the scythe to me !
Give me the fame of industry,
Worth all your classic tomes !
God guard the English Peasantry,
And grant them happy homes !
The sinews of old England !
The bulwarks of the soil !
How much we owe each manly hand,
Thus fearless of its toil !
Oh, he who loves the harvest free,
Will sing where'er he roams,
God bless the English Peasantry,
And give them happy homes !
God speed the plough of England !
We'll hail it with three cheers :
And here's to those whose labour planned
The all which life endears !
May still the wealth of Industry
Be seen where'er man roams ;
A cheer for England's Peasantry !
God send them happy homes !
FORGIVE AND FORGET.
Forgive and Forget ! why the world would be lonely,
The garden a wilderness left to deform ;
If the flowers but remember'd the chilling winds only,
And the fields gave no verdure for fear of the storm !
Oh, still in thy loveliness emblem the flower,
Give the fragrance of feeling to sweeten life's way ;
And prolong not again the brief cloud of an hour,
With tears that but darken the rest of the day !
Forgive and Forget ! there's no breast so unfeeling
But some gentle thoughts of affection there live ;
And the best of us all require something concealing,
Some heart that with smiles can forget and forgive !
Then away with the cloud from those beautiful eyes,
That brow was no home for such frowns to have met
Oh, how could our spirits e'er hope for the skies,
If Heaven refused to Forgive and Forget !
OLD FRIENDS TOGETHER.
Oh, time is sweet, when roses meet
With Spring's sweet breath around them,
And sweet the cost, when hearts are lost,
If those we love have found them !
And sweet the Mind, that still can find
A star in darkest weather !
But nought can be so sweet to see,
As old friends met together'.
Those days of old, when youth was bold,
And Time stole wings to speed it,
And youth ne'er knew how fast time flew—
Or knowing, did not heed it !
Though gray each brow that meets us now—
For age brings wintry weather—
Yet nought can be so sweet to see
As those old friends together !
The few long known, that years have shown,
With hearts that friendship blesses;
A hand to cheer=perchance, a tear
To soothe a friend's distresses !
That helped and tried—still side by side—
A friend to face hard weather ;
Oh, thus may we yet joy to see,
And meet old friends together !

Gawthrop's Journal. Gawthrop, Liverpool

This useful little periodical is fast working its way into
public notice and favour. It contains many very valuable
original essays, poems, and interesting tales, as well as re-
ports of lectures delivered at the Mechanics' and other
institutions. The :want of a paper such as this has often
been felt and expressed in Liverpool. The spirited exertions
which are now being made by the proprietor deserve to be
crowned with success.

The Churchman. Painter, Strand, London

We have received the numbers of this magazine for De-
cember and this month, and have already made some im-
portant extracts. The letter from the Rev. G. S. Faber
possesses more than usual interest, and though we are not
sufficiently skilled in theological controversy to be able to
say that Mr. Faber proceeds in all his statements upon scrip-
tural grounds, he certainly disproves many of the dogmas of
the Tractarian School, and asserts and maintains the real
principles of the Anglican Church with consummate ability
and force. We have already spoken in the highest terms of
the article headed " The Church and the Nation," two of
which appear in the numbers before us, and we need only
now say, that they elucidate in a clear and satisfactory man-
ner the politics which churchmen ought to hold and strive to
propagate. A considerable mass of valuable information is
here gathered together, and the following extract is gratify-
ing to the members of the church, since it demonstrates the
fallacy of the cry that the nation as such feels no interest in
the success of the established religion of the country.

Now then let us look at the annual revenues of some of our
principal Church Societies, or Societies supported by Church-
men. We will say nothing of the Charity Schools, or of the
National Schools, or of the Infant and Sunday Schools be-
longing to the churches throughout the length and breadth of
the land ; because dissenters sometimes contribute to these,
especially in rural districts, where otherwise the children
would have no education at all. But let us look at the re-
venues of our Church Societies:—
_ _

Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign

Parts _
Prayer Book and Homily Society
Society for Providing Additional Curates,
Church Missionary Society

Britishand Foreign. Bible SOciety (at least two-thirds
of the total of £150,000 contributed by Church-
men)
The London Society for Promoting Christianity
among the Jews
The Colonial Church Society
The Reformation Society
The Protestant Association

78,000
3,000
53,500
104,100

100,000

20,000
2,000
2.000
2,000

The Hibernian Society (now wholly Church of Eng-
land
The Church Pastoral Aid Society

The Church Building Society

44,000

The Parental National School Society

Here is a total of £608,500 per annum raised by the mem-
bers of the Church of England for church objects, and
proving the attachment of the donors and subscribers to
church principles. Though we by no means approve of all
these societies, we do contend that they are avowedly church
societies, and the subscribers to them conceive that they are
in accordance with the spirit and discipline of the church.
What, then, is the sum total of what we have been endea-
vouring to establish? First, that there are three millions,
at least, of the population of Great Britain who are only ad-
dressed on the concerns and interests of their souls by the
Church of England. Secondly, that there are some millions
more who have a very few dissenting teachers scattered
amongst them, viz., in the parishes of from three hundred to
two thousand population ; and that nearly all these persons
are churchmen. Thirdly, that even in the large parishes,
where the pew rents are adequate to support dissent, the ac-
commodation afforded to the population by dissent is so
small, that even that circumstance alone would prove that
the vast majority was church. Fourthly, that no sort of
comparison can be instituted between the members who re-
spectively attend at churches and at meeting-houses, even in
the districts most favourable to dissent; and, finally, as the
most conclusive proof that churchism is not nominal, but
real and vital, the amazing suns of £608,500 per annum is
raised by churchmen for the societies we have named to
carry out and support what at least they believe to be church
principles.

Telegraphic Railways, or the Single Way recommended
by Safety, Economy, and Efficiency, under the Safe-
guard and Control of the Electric Telegraph. By Wm.
Fothergill Cooke, lisq. London : Siropkin, Marshall,
and Co. 1842.

The object of the pamphlet before us is, as stated in the
preface, " to add to the safety and efficiency of railway com-
munication, by means, not more, but less, expensive than
those now adopted,"—and which, we may add, have been of
late unhappily shown to be so defective,—and " to overcome
some objections to the formation of auxiliary single lines, by
suggestions calculated to give them the safety and efficiency
now supposed to be exclusively within the reach of double
lines." This object the author proposes to accomplish by
means of the ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH, the adoption of which
he recommends upon all great lines as far preferable to the
present loose system, and ensuringinfinitely greater safety to
the public than the establishment of any system of time
tables, however accurately attempted to be adhered to.
The mode of working this telegraph, as at present in use on
the Blackwall and Great Western railways, is very clearly
explained ; and we only regret that we have not space to
give the description entire, for the information of our readers.
To one unaccustomed to watch the ingenuity by which great
philosophical principles are reduced into practical working,
the application of a fluid so subtle as that of electricity to
the purpose of conveying information between places at any
given distance asunder, at first sight appears almost a chi-
maera ; and especially when it is borne in mind that
the chief parties to whom its working must be confided
are necessarily little removed, if at all, from the condition
of ordinary servants—and are in some cases mere boys.
And yet we know that it is worked, upon those lines where it
is in operation, with a facility and exactitude which is per-
fectly surprising ; and that, by its agency, the person depu-
ted to work it can have placed before him, at any moment,
the position of every train upon the line, whether going or
returning, defined almost as precisely as if it was laid down
in a bird's eye view, or upon a map. The description given
by Mr. Cooke, and the illustrations by which it is accompa-
nied, cannot fail to make the utility and practibility of the
telegraph perfectly intelligible.

By the application of this protection against collisions and
other accidents resulting to railway trains, from their con-
ductors being unacquainted with the state of the line over
which they have to pass, the inventor of this telegraphic
system contends that the formation of a double line of rails
upon many auxiliary or less important railways may be safely
dispensed with, and a great saving of expense thereby effected ;
and that, where it may be thought inexpedient to construct
an entire railway with a single line, that principle may, with
very economical results, be resorted to wherever expensive
works—such as viaducts, deep cuttings, bridges, &e.—are
required. Upon these points the writer's views, and a tho-
rough appreciation of the system of telegraphing which he
advocates, are well worthy of the attention of all parties con-
nected with railway undertakings ; and we, therefore, cordi-
ally recommend a perusal of the present pamphlet to our
readers.