The Statesman.
London, England, 1812-05-04 00:00:00

TUE STATESMAN.

TO RAIVCIIESTER ADDRESSERS.

[MOM CODISTTIII IRECISTER, MAT 2.]

• And what will the *raver sav to thi • ? oho already finds his
wages fallen, bis n•eds vela in, and employment scarce.
Olsonld A %%Alt he the co...sequence of Oise thne-scrving Ad•
dresses, where is employ mein to hr found ? and how are the
fa:nines of the poor to he maintained ? lfa decent subsi-tence
cannot even sow be obtained hot tt ith unwearied labour ar.d
p..uful exertion, what is to be done often employment effLitS,
trAen sorigto ere sunk. nail provision. rises Look to it, ye
pretenekl Lo3al Addressers, ye hood-winked politicians !
fur, should %out-cum:ly etlissions be the stalking-horse of in-
tended kostilities, to you, and to you alone, the starving peo-
ple a ill have a tight to look for bilbSistence." —l4l•lre.ss to
the Inhabitants of Manche ter, by a Member of the Man:
chiller Constitutional Society.— I)ated 11/th Ike. 1792.

C ENTIAMEN,—There are some people in the
world who will never listen to reason, except at
times when they arc in distress or trouble . who are
made of that sort of stuff, that must be softened by
adversity before it will condescend to receive any new
impression. Whether you answer to this description
is more than I can say ; but, I know very well, that
your present state is by no means an enviable one ; I
and, I. shall, therefore, seise this opportunity of
endeavouring to produce in your minds a just sense
of your past conduct, and to point out to.you what
ought to be your conduct in future.
Look at my motto I Look at it steadily, if you
can. Does not the eight of it bring the events of
1792 and 1793 into your minds ? Dees not the
figure of your persecuted townsman, Mr. Thomas
Walker, present itself before you ? And do not
your eyes fall to the ground at the sight ? Oh t. ex-
claim not against an endeavour to call these things
to the public recollection. Truth and justice, and
the national interest require that it should be done.
It appears, that you are now in a state of confu- ;
sloe approaching towards a civil war ; we hear of
houses and manufactories destroyed; of moveable I
property seized aad carried off; of the rich being
laid under contributions for provisions, money, and
arms ; of large parties of armed people facing, and
.-fighting against, soldiers of the standing army sent
against them by the Government ; of numerous kil-
lings and woundings : of all these we hear as having
recently taken place at Manchester and in the coun-
try round about for many scores of miles, the dis-
turbances having spread into several counties. Such
fs, probably, a very faint description of the present
state of your populous and valuable part of the king-
dom. And, what are the bileged causes? A scar-
city of employment and also of food. There are,
indeed, those who attribute your troubles to what
they called." the base and wicked arts of the dis-
affected ;" but, this is too contemptible to merit
much notice; for, besides that we have no proof of
the existence of any disaffected persons in any part
of the kingdom, we have the fullest proof, that those
who are concerned in the troubles distinctly proclaim
the grounds of their complaint to he a want of sufficient
subs's'enee, arising from a want of sufficient wages.
Bence they proceed to the breaking of• frames, and
to the destruction of those other machines, the use
of which, by supplying the place of manual labour,
are, by the labouring manufacturers, looked upon as
a principal cause of their present sufferings.
Whence, then, are we to deduce that want of ern-
iloyment width his excited these troubles? For, they
are not, in any great degree, owing to the shortness
of the last crop of corn, seeing that the quartern
loaf is now only Is. Gd., and that it was 2s. for many
months, in 1800 and Hal ; so that, if the depre-
ciation of money be taken into view, the bread is
one-third cheaper now than it was then ; and yet, we
then heard of no suah outcries amongst the manufac-
turers. it is chiefly owing to a want of employment
in the manufacturing districts that we must attribute
these troubles ; and, whence, then, I ask, are we
to deduce that want of employment ?
The answer of the Whigs would be ; " the Orde's
in Council ;" while the Ministers and their partisan;
will assert, that we owe the evil to "the Berlin and
Milan Decrees" and the inexorable interdictions of
Bonaparte. I will not waste 3 our time in any at-
tempt
to settle the dispute between these parties; I
but
will take it for granted, that roue of you will eny,
that the evil has arisen out of the war; and then I I
shall have two things to do, /Of, to examine into
ytur conduct with regard to the producing of the;
war; taking, as I proceed, as much notice of the !
Church and King and Damn-Tom-Paine Riots as
. -
may be necessary upon the present occasion; and
second, to point out to you what line of conduct I
think you ought mow to pursue, in order to remedy ;
the evil which you experience, and to prevent its be-
coining of still greater magnitude.
In the year 1792
you, " are you going to rip up old grievances ?
What can 1.792 have to do with 181 V"
A great deal to do with it. Nay, without going
back to that year, ^ can know nothing of the ori-
gin of the war, and of the hand which you had in
producing it.; nor can we knew any thing of the
light, in which riots at Manchester were viewed
when they had for their object the crushing of those
who were against war, and in. favour of reform.—;
Therefore, we must go back to the year 1792, the
time when you were addressed in the remarkable
words of any motto, and when you treated those,who
so addressed you, as Jacobins and traitors, though, '
they could never be shown to have sought for any I
Cling more than the preservation of that peace, for ;
which you now so anxiously pray, and that reiorm,l
which has since been proved to be absolutely neces- ;
eery to secure us even a chance of escapizg from as
great, if not greater, calamities than any other na-i
lion in Europe has had to endure.
In the year 1792, when the design of the English
Government to join in the war against France be-
came manifest, many persons endeavoured to warn
the people of the mischiefs that would, in all human !
probability, arise out of such a war. They remon-1
strated with the partisans of %Nair in this way :
"
We have always said, our best writers have al-
" ways been teaching us, that the French were mi- '
6‘ serable slaves; they have been, for ages, our scorn
4C end reproach; we have held that they are a race
" bowed down by the heavy band of tyranny, de-
" based and degraded by it. We have, for ages,
" been in the habit of representing them as a pen-
" ple, each man of whom held his life at the mercy
" of a despotic Government, and that Government
66 we have represented as the most profligate and
" corrupt in the world. We have been constantly
6g railing q,ainst the lazy drones of Monks) who

" used to eat up the fruits of the earth ; and against
44 all. theviabolerance, religious as well as political,
46 with which the people of France were cursed.—
" Well," added the Reformers," we now see the peo-.
" ple of France rising against this abominable ty-
" ninny. We have seen them put down the illSti.
44 tutions of Monkery ; we have seen them abolish
" those' feudal usages which were so degrading to
44 the mass of the people, and so intolerably op-
" pressive ; we have seen them, in short, assert their
" rights as melt, resolvcd no longer to be treated RS
44 beasts. And, shall we for this become their ene-
" my?—Shall we Englishmen arm against them, and
44 assist in driritig them again into the toils from
44 which they have broken loose?—Shall we lend
" our aid in re-fastening their chains ?—That such is
" the object of the coalesced Powers we cannot
" doubt, after the Proclamation of the Duke of
64 Brunswick. And, is it possible, that English-
" men will willingly assist in such an euterprize ?"
Such was the language of the English Reformers
during the year 179.2, and there was still good reason
Ito hope, that war between England and France might
bare been prevented. In the mouth of August, in
that year, the people of France dethroned their
King, which gave rise to great clamours against
them in England ; and, afterwards, when he was put
to death, that became the signal of war against France.
' The Reformers, however, were still for peace. ','hey
urged, that the French people accused their King of
very serious crimes ; that the accusation might be false,
but that we bad no means of ascertaining the fact,
and that, at any rate, England could have no• right
to ititerfere in the internal affairs of France, any
more than France had to Interfere in dlatters con-
nected with the succession to the throne of England.
They said, that it was impolitic as well as unjust is
England to take part in the war, then begun by
Austria and Prussia against France. They said it
would be hostile to the liberty, the prosperity, and
even the independence of England. Such were the
doctrines of the English Reformers in the year 1792,
at which time there were numerous societies of re-
formers established in the kingdom, one of which so-
cieties was at Manchester, and belonging to that so-
ciety was lir. Thomas IValker, of whose treatment
I shall speak more fully by-and-by.
The partisans of war were not, during this time,
inactive; and, being countenanced by the Govern-
ment, their operations were carried on to great ad-
vantage. Unable to meet the Reformers in argu-
ment, they, at a very early period of the contest,
threw aside discussion and resorted to accusation.-1
Mr. Paine's pamphlets were first answered by Pro-
clamations,
and afterwards by Ex-Officio Informa-
tions, while the Reformers, though seeking for
nothing more than both Pitt and Fox had declared to
be necessary to the country's salvation, were, at
first, denominated " Republicans and Levellers,"
and next, " Jacobins and Traitors." Now followed
numerous prosecutions against the press, and soon
after a suspension of the Habeas Corpus, or Per-
sonal Safety Act, together with the rest of that train
of measures, which have led to our actual situation.
But, amongst other enemies, against whom the Re-
formers had to contend, were those very formidable
ones called " Church and King" mobs, who made
their appearance and gave proof of their energy iu
many parts of the kingdom, but nu where in a man-
n'r much more conspicuous than at Manchestet, as
we shall presently see in th.. history of their attack
on the house of Mr. Walker and some of his brother
Reformer..

This tow.;, like all odic!. considerable places, was
inundated with publiCations against " Jacobins and
1 -itors," and the people were, in many places,
stirred up to act; of violence by such means. They
were told, that these Jaco'ins meant to destroy the
cburc:, and all religion, and every body's wife and
childrn. They we told, that :ie French bad got
several hundreds of Kings instea.: of one, and that
these Jactioins meant to mak., themselves Kings of
England, and to take all the people's goods from
them of every sort; and, that the only way of pre-
venting this was, to assist the Government in putting
down the said acobins.

On the 11th December, 179'2 (a memorable day for Manches-
ter), the Earoughreeve called a meeting of the friends of " So-
cial Order and oar holy Religion." On the 10th, the day before
.this meeting took place, the Address, a passage of which I have
taken for my motto, was published.—lt is w orthy of remark,
that there w as the same sort of contest going on in 179'2 as there
has been now in 1812. The Boroughreese called the meeting
far a government object, nod his advertisement was answered by
publications on the other side. But, striking, indeed, is the
contrast when w e come to the result The muting in 1792 was
ea led for the professed purpose of " preparing a Maim/ and
Laval diddreb, to his Majesty on his late proclamation." There
had been three proclamations, one against vv.:al were called"
se-
ditious writings," one for embodying a part of the Militia, nod
a third offering a bounty to seamen.—War was not Net declared ;
hut, it was quite impossible for any mail in his senses nut to per-
ceive that it was resolved upon. The Reformers, therefore, in
their appeal to the people of Manchester, endeavoured to con-
vince them, that by such addre-ses as they were called upon t
join in, the government meant to feel the pulse of the people ;
and, said the Writer, " if it can procure such addresses as the
one contemplated, it may safely conclude, that • no absurdity
can hetois grow for the people to swallow. and sea burdens too
heavy for them to hear.' He, therefore, called upon the i,nbw
bitants of Manchester to pause awhile, and to consider what
class of them could be benefited by WAR. He then put to
them the following pithy_ questions: " Will funded property,
become more valuable I Will landed property increase by it ?
Will it diminish the excise, or the land tax, or the house tax, or
the window tax, or the commutation tax, or any of the long,
lung cat.logue of taxes, which lie so heavy upou this devoted
country ? Will the home trade he increased by war? Ry war,
which will add to these numerous taxes—which will enhance the
necessaries of life—and which will lessen the consumption of
manufactures of every kind 1 Will the exporter benefit by war,
which will increase the risk of exportation—the price of insur-
ance—and the prime cost of almost every material ? Ily war,
which will delay the execution of foreign orders, by depriving
our merchants of their seamen—and put in jeopardy the must
material part of our trade I"
If the Inhabitants of Manchester were unable to answer these
Eorations in 1792, they are quite competent to the task in 1812.
xperience is a great teacher! However, the Meeting took
place, and the Dutiful ::nd Loyal Address" was carried
amidst the acc1.,,...:•;0ns of the people. The Inhabitants of Man-
chester had not thee had the benefit of the leases of ibis great
teacher. They thought, as they were told to 'kink, that the
time was arrived for -4 clipping the wings of France" for ever,
and they supposed, doubtless, that that would he a fine thing for
Time, however, has convinced them, that they were mis-
, informed. The wings of France, instead of being dipped, have'
been growiug from that day to this, and, after having covered
most effectually her ..an territories, have been extended over the
territories of almost all our format allie.s
But, when this Meeting of the Addrcssen was over, the " du-
tiful and loyal" assemblage did nut set an example of the effect
of those principles of "Social Order," in the propagation of
which they were engaged. They, In short; became ro.tars ;they
attacked Me, IV a ker's home, and also the house of Mr.
Thomas Cooper, another member of the Constitutional Society,
' that is to say, anolher Parliamentary Reformer. The attack was
repeated several times, and the riotors continued, with intervals,
fur some days. Now, what was, upon this occasion. the conduct
of those who called themselves " the Loyal?" Did they make
any efforts to prevent the destruction of the property of Mr.
Walker, or of any_one else who was known to he an advocate
Raform ? M W
t. alkers lq It mutative, published at tan time*

says, that he received no protection whatever"; he says, that,
daring the day of the meeting, he was told th a a riot was talked 1
of for the night; he says, that the mob were made drunk, in the
same way as at elections; thaithey were collected together and
led through the streets n ith music, with a hoard hoisted as a
standard, with " CHURCH AND KIN(l," written upon it; !
that they huzza'd as they proceeded, and now and then shouted
" DAMN TOM PA I NEI" that a friend of his was ill treated
for making application for protection ; and that, one person in
pardon:xi*, whose office he names, told the mob, that Int would
give them a guineafor the house of every jaciiiiin that they would
pull down. Upon this occasion, the house of two printers and
booksellers, Messrs. Falkner and Birch, was attacked by, the
Church and King mob, and was very seriously iejured. These
two gentlemen, who published seNewspaper, called the " Nam.
chester Herald," were afterwards pursued b)y the Govetaineut,
till they had accumulated upon their heads kIV E EX-0 FFII-
CIO INFORMATIONS and SIX INDICTMENTS. They, !
nut relishing the idea of dying in a gaol, went to America, •
where, I understand, they have done veto), a ell, and whence they ,
may sow, is perfect safety, view the state of that tonal, in which i
they were persecuted.
Mr. Walker himself resided mostly in a country lonise which',
he rented, and, such was the liberty then cejay rd by him, that !
the man of whom he rented the house went to hint, h,f are the
above-mentioned riots, and expressed his fears, that the house
would he pulled down. Still, however, he persevered in his en-
deavours to open the eyes of his townsmen ; still and his se-
ciety raised their voices for Reform of Portland, r,: ;tad for a '
Coutinualled of Peace with France. But, it was not lung before
he bad much more serious dangers to encuanter. Attic rumours(
his having been guilty of treason had been some time afloat, to the ;
great terror of his w ife and children and all who were connected I
with him, there was a a arrant on a charge of MO treason actual.. !
ly issued against him, but, it was not executed. He was, at last,
indicted, w with others, for " a conspiracy to overthrtet the Con- ;
!illation and Government, and to aid and assist the French in
case they should invade the kingdom." Or this crime he and all
those who were indicted with him were acquitted. The J ulge,
Heath, told him he was honourably acquitted. The a itaess,
THOMAS DUNN, who was the only one, and who was
I the informer, was proved to have hem' guilty of male I rim-N, I
and to have confessed that lie bad been ER161,1) to do what lie I
had done ! This wretch was committed (ruin court ; was tried ;
at the next assizes, and was sentenced to stand in the pillory and
to be imprisoned for two years. '
But who was to sustain, tor any length of time, the complicated
sad accumulated persecutions that Mr. Walker had to encoun-
ter? The expehees of these law-proceedings, including the pro-
secution of the villain Dunn, he states at upwards of ELBE ';
THOUSAND POUNDS! This was so much that he had to
pay for the chatter of saving himself from transportation; for the
chance of uot being dragged from lii4 family, and sent tops*
the rest of his life atvong,t thieve, robbers, and the most suet- !
molts of mankind. i have lint the pleasure to kum Mr. Walker .
personally, and can speak positively of the etlisetg of his persecu-
tion no further than I find them reco:;ded in his book ; but, 1 I
have heard, that he was finally COM pci !Ai to quit Manchester and I
its neighbourhood ; and, in all probability, he escaped with the
a reek of his fortune.

Such, Gentlemen, was the treatment which your opponents
•• received at Manchester, when, at the outset, they endeitsoured
Ito persuade the people nut to give their coon:en:owe to a war.
the effects of which they foresaw and foretold, and which effects
the then deluded people are non tasting. Amid, phut was said
of rioting then ? In what was nere the rioters then spoken of
by the friends of " Social Order ?" This is a question tt urth
answering. It kof great importance In know what • 11131.11 vi ute-
Murky then said upon the subject of rioting. In what is :•.y
they then spoke of rioters. Mr. Walker's hook (and this sites; s
the utility of putting things upon record) refers me to the De-
bates in Parliturent ; where 1 hod, that, upon a nottien of Mr.
Cony ((now Lord Goxv) fur a prosecution, by thu Attorney-
Celina . of the author of a " tool" publication tenting to ex-
cite riots against the Dissenters; here, in this Debate, l find
Mr. Windham (then one of th'v Ministers) answering Mr. tot
in the following words:—'• The house had directed no prosecu-
tions on either bide, and, therefore, could not be ch.,. vd with
partiality. The law was equally .pen is uU cases. lite indig-
nation excited against Mr. Walker, was much more fairly im-
puted to his political opinions, than to hi, brio, a dissenter. It
was natural and even jostifiabli. for men, to feel indignation
against those who promulgated doctrines, threat( ning all that
was valuable; end dear in se;ciety; and if there were net means of
redress by law, even violence was justitinble. But we had laws, •
therefore violence ought to be panished ; and on this groom' he
defended the associations, as trading to prevent violence as givs
lug vigour to the law."
This was the way, in which riots and rioters were /hen spoken
of. Mr. GREIr6 motion was rejected, though, on the other side,
the Attorney-General was active enough in the prosecution of
Paine and others. During this Debate Mr. PEEL, who has
been since made a Baronet, and whose son has a guyel jot place
under the Minister; Mr. Peel made the following most curious
observations and statement. lie said, that The COMMON
PEOPLE ARE BETTER JUDGES OF THINGS THAN
THEY ARE SUPPOSED TO BE. French writings and
Paine's writings, and all the writings and tiortrint•s of Paine's
friends, have bad ne ej'ert un them. Ile bad many workmen ;
Paine 's book was put into their hands, and to his knowledge
they reasoned thus upon it, " Equality is impossible—are we
" to change our condition for that of Prenehmen ?—Two shil-
" lings a day for eight-pence ?—Warm clothes for broken
" breeches?—nod pl•mty of wholesome beef for FROGS?—
`1 No; we will have no such fellowship with thesn."—He said
he felt the most entire satisfaction in having it in his power to
II
declare, that such a useful body of men, from whose labours
and industry the country received such abuodant benefits, had
but one sentiment, and that was loyalty, attachment for their
'lawful governors, and veneration for the Constitution. As to
party amongst them, there was once a division—one side called
Pitt ites, and the other fo.rites; but that has ceased; they have
all coalesced, and call themselves KING rr s!"
Now, Gentlemen Addressers, I do not know whether the Ba-
ronet is at present one of your body, as he was in 1992, when be
actually attended at the Meeting, which was followed by the
riot against Mr. Walker and others ; but, if he he still one
amongst you, it is worth while for him to look hack a little to
what passed at that time. lie then se4d, that the common people
were pretty good judges of things; better than they were sup-
posed to be; and, therefore, he is, l should hope, disposed to
censure thou at Manchester, who have now actually produced
public disturbances by wishing to shut he common people out
of a Meeting, publicly called, and with the professnl object of
deliberating upon questions of great national importance. Sure-
ly, the common people are as well qualified to judge now as they
were in 172_4 They had then speculation to I.roceed upon.—
They now base experience, and dear-bonglit experience too.

A general review of all the troops of the home dis-
trict is expected to take place about the middle of
next month.
POTATOES.—The celebrated Dr. BCCIIAN recom-
mends the culture of Potatoes in the strongest terms.
He concludes his observations on this useful root in
the following words :—" Posterity will hardly be-
lieve that a scarcity of bread could he felt in liritain,
at a time When It was known that a sufficient (pan
tity of farinaceous food could be raised in one coun-
ty for the inhabitants of the whole island. Let pro-
per encouragement be given to the culture of Pota-
toes, and set famine at defiance."

TRuto, Aram 30.—The ►warrant for the execu-
tion of the unfortunate •ft :gall, convicted at last
Assizes of the murder of Valentine, a Jew, has
been received by the Sheriff; and the sentence of the
law will be carried into execution this day (Friday)
at Bodmin. The mistake of the Judge respesting
the day on which he passed sentence, has not, been
held of suffici►eut consequence to arrest the arm of
Justice.

Two Italian brothers of the House of Dr Linn o,
in Padua, diverting themselves in the country, walk-
ed out for their pleasure after supper and gazing on
the starry firmament, one merrily said to the other,
4‘ Would I had as many oxen as there-ore stars in
the sky." The brother answered, And would I
had a paiture as large as the heavens; where then
would'st thou feed thy oxen ?'—" Why, in thy pas-
ture."—' But what, if I would not give thee leave:'
Then I would take leave, whether thou would'st
or not !".---4 What' said the ether, ' in spite of my
teeth.'—i' Yes, in spite of all thou could-st do to
hinder me." From this idle quarrel, and insignifi-
cant words, they proceeded to opprobrious language,
in that heat drew their swords, and tilted at each
other with so much fury, that they run one another
through the body, made a passage for their souls' ex-
it, end both died immediately.

LAW ?Al ILLIGENCE.

COURT OF KING'S BENCH, WESTMINSTER, MAY

THE KING C. JOHN RADMUAE.
Mr. Serjeat Lens moved the judgment of the Com t
against the Defendant in this case, having beet, co:;.
victed before Mr. Justice CHAMIHIC, the last Assizes
at Exeter, of assaulting a Mr. Charles Pugh.
It.appeared that these parties had had a former
quarrel, in the course of which the present Plaintiff*
thrashed the Defendant, and they were never aftei.
wards reconciled. It happened, ',he month cf
July last, while the Defendant was superintendirg
his labourers making bay on his own grounds, tie
Prosecutor, with some friends, was passing through
the held on their way to a neighbouring river to fish
the Defentiant accosted him, demanding to know b 1
what right lie passed through his grounds, there be.
ing no public path that way. Words ensued, some
abusive language followed, and the Defendant point.
eel a hay-fork at the Prosecutor, which he held in his
hand, accompanied by a threatening gesture, which
constitutes! the assault in question.

Mr. Serjeant for the Defendant, in mitigi.
tion of punishment, urged the insignificance of such a
cause, arising eta of an old grudge between the
and the vindictive s.pirit of the Prosecutor, in corn.
pelting the Defendant, at so great an expellee, to
come up for judgment upon so trilling an offence.—
lie had no doubt but that the Conic mould feel tint
every slight punishment world met the justice of
thia case.

Mr. Serjeant LENS observed, that the only object
of the Prosecutor in bringing up the IMendant, etas
to secure him from any future.personal violence.
Lord Pa.Leasonouou thought the 'justice of this
case would be fully answered 1)y a nominal tine, and
the Defendant entering into his own recognizance,
observing, that in a moment of irritation he had raised
the-fork, but prude►.ce induced him to let it fall again,
and providentially no harm was done.
The Defendant was then fined one.shilling, and en.
tered into recognizance in 501. to keep the peace for
two years.

- COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, May 2.
WESTMINSTLR bITTINGS, lIEFORC LORD cam. 'EI.
TICE SIR JASIES MANSFIELD, JUSTICES SENILE AND

CIIAMERE.
IMPORTANT INSURANCE CASE.
LEVI. V. VAUGHAN.

Mr. Serjeant ir.tvorrAN had applied in this ease for
a Mule to show cause, why the verdict obtained b►
the Plaintiff should not be set aside, and a nonsuit
entered.

Before the northern part of the European Conti-
nent had assumed a hostile aspect ttmards the Bri-
tish Government, a gre number of English mer-
chant vessels ative..tured along the coasts seeking a
market for the property they carrinl. Amongst
others, was a vessel ruled Courier, the subject
of the present ease, which sailed " warranted free
from capture or confiscation by Government in her
port or peas of discharg--" to the Prussian port of
Pilau, off which p!r.ca sue arrived, a:A anchored to
wait a favourable moment when the sea would permit
her to enter the harbour. l'he position cf her an-
chorage was, on the utmost limits of the coast, de-
nominated Pillau Roads, a couple of Gelman miles
fr um eke coast. In this situation an armed boat is-
sued from the harbour, and before the crew were
aware, a Ouniber of Prussian soldiers leaped on
board, and took possession of the vssel in the name
of the Prussian Government. Confiscation follow-
ed,. and total . loss of property. An action was
brought in the Court of Guildhall, and a verdict fa-
vourable to the underwriters was returned, with per-
mission to apply for a Rule to show cause why the
verdict should not be set aside.

The principal point now in discussion was, whe..
titer the place where the Courier was captured, was
or was not within the meaning of the policy of in-
surance.

Mr. Serjeant SIIEPUERD, in showing cause against
the Rule, contended, that the Courier having ap-
proached the Roads of Milan, and anchored fully
two German miles from her harbour, she had mani-
fested no 'inclination of entering the port; but, on the
contrary, had lingered away her opportunity twill
she was captured by the new-declared enemy.
Though she waited in that position Tor intelligence,
she was not assured of a mart for her commodities,
nor had she received any information that could de-
termine her to proceed into the harbour.
The Loan CntEr.Jurrrce said, the. case was quite
a new one, having arisen out of circumstances of a
very peculiar and uncommon nature. By the evi-
dence, it appeared that the vessel,4hough she had ab-
solutely made her election of a port, still she had an-
chored in a .situation tot usually "deuominated the
Roads of l'illau.
Mr. Justice CHABIBRE said, that to maintain the
propriety of setting aside the verdict, it ought to he
made apperont that the place where the t (Aket uas
lying, was within the limits of the Gorstrnment, fa
armed vessels could .ally out ond capture in the very
centre of the ocean with equal aiacrity, as VI the out-
side of the roads.
Mr.
were
f.r.ms said, the legitimate Roads of
Pillau beyond the reach of theTrussian canner,
and were not under the influence of the Government.
Regardiag whore the limits of the !toads closed,
points of law, delicate, and nothing troublesome cf
solution, might arise, and perhaps.the whole should
be carried to another Court.
The Loup Cum Jcsvicz declared, that whi!a
judging by the fair interpretation of the warranty.
the opinion of the Court was something shook.hy ti
remembrance cf the judgment of the Court of King s
Bench in a similar case. They would privately col",
'sider the whole.--.--Judgment deferred.

'There have been lately discovered, on the Western side of
Motherbi.hill, Haman, some circular spaces, formed on' tha
side of the kill. apparently for the purpose of ovens: and
some pieces of pottery have been found near to and in thew, it
is attpposcd they were used either by the !lonians nr.klat ems, for
baking earthen pots. Tire foss of them is imperfect, but stunts
pieces of their lining arc still distinct, nearly three inches thick.
and madeuf (14y, which have much the appearance al bisrli
brick. _

DIED.
•On Friday lasi, at Baldock, Wes, Ilatath, the wife if,
Jillin L'ard Prior, Esti.
On the -28th ult. at lus father's *ease, at Carr3i Riven, Mr.
le.ouard Sedimick, of the Ordnance 03it e, To%tre.
—.—..

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