The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-06-28 00:00:00

£428 11

FATAL ACSIDENT BY SLIPPING ON AN ORANGE PEEL.
—On Tuesday, the 7th instant, as a poor female of 7G years
of age, named Ellen Foster, was walking down Shaw's-
brow, her toot slipt upon an orange peel, and she fell vio-
lently to the ground. She was immediately picked up by a wo-
man who was passing by. Mrs. Finney, of St. John's Market,
also went to her assistance, and it was found her leg was
broken. She was removed to the Infirmary, where she was
properly attended to ; but she died from the effects of the
injury on Saturday morning last. Parties are much t? be
reprehended who carelessly throw orange peel on the foot-
paths.

LIVERPOOL DOCKS : TRADE OF THE PORT.—The usual
yearly comparative statement of the rates and duties received
in the year ending on the 24th of June, 1841 and 1842, has
been published. The total income of the trust was, in 18-12,
£198,782; in 1841, £195,261: increase in 1842, £3,520.
The duties on tonnage were, in 1842, £93,291 ; in 1841,
£91,755; increase in 1842, £1,536. The duties on goods
were, in 1842, £83,871 ; in 1841, £83,750: increase in 1842,
£l2O. The number of vessels which entered the docks, in
1842, was 16,458; in 1841, 16,108: increase 350. The ton-
nage amounted, in 1842, to 2,425,319 ; in 1841, 2,425,461 .
decrease 142. The result is, that, during a year of very great
depression in trade and commerce, the port of Liverpool has
not only maintained its trade, but slightly increased it, as
shown by the Dock revenue returns.
PROGRESS OF THE ESTABLISHED CHURCH IN MAN-
CHESTER.—The progress which the established church is
making in Manchester is truly gratifying to every friend of
sound religion. -Yesterday (Monday) the Lord Bishop of
the Diocese consecrated two of the churches which have
been built by the Ten Churches Association within the last
year; and this day (Tuesday) the venerable prelate will con-
secrate two others, which have been erected by the Man-
chester and Eccles Church Building Society. Each of these
churches is situated in a locality where the population were
previously destitute of spiritual instruction. It will be gra-
tifying to our readers to learn that there are three other
churches now building, and will be finished during the pre-
sent year ; and the foundation stone of a fourth will be laid
in a few weeks in Red Bank, Cheetham Hill, and of a fifth
at Barton, near Eccles.

PHOTOGRNPIIIC PORTRAITS.—We perceive from a Lon-
do❑ contemporary, that many distinsuished characters in the
metropolis have lately sat for their likenesses by this ingeni-
ous but simple process. Baron Parke and Sir William
Follett have both been " taken," and have expressed them-
selves highly pleased with the fidelity of the resemblance.
At the building in this town most of our leading gentlemen
have availed themselves of this ready method of obtaining
an accurate representation of their facial developments.
Specimens may be seen at the Standard-office, of likenesses
of several gentlemen connected with this establishment,
some of which were taken in very dull and stormy weather,
and one, which is by far the most striking, was effected at
the moment when a very heavy shower of rain was passing
over. We mention this to prove that the brilliant shining of
the sun is not indispensable to the effectual working of the
process.

BURGLARY IN SHAW'S BROW.—Yesterdav, two men,
named Edward Mercer and James Tinker, were placed at
the bar of the Police-court, charged with having committed
a burglary in the house of Mr. Chisenhall, veterinary sur-
geon, Shaw's-brow. Mercer had been employed in making
some alterations in the prosecutor's house during last week.
At half-past three on Sunday morning, police-officer No.
230 stopped him with a bundle of clothes in his possession
at the top of Shaw's-brow, which he said he was going to
take to the Railway ; and not being satisfied with his expla-
nation took him into custody. At seven o'clock, the servant
to Mr. Chisenhall, on coming down stairs, found that the
premises had been robbed ; and Mrs. Chisenhall proved that
the clothes found on the prisoner Mercer belonged to her
husband, and bad been taken from a chest of drawers in the
parlour, entrance into which had been effected through the
window. Tinker was apprehended on Sunday at noon,
drunk in bed, and a chisel was found upon him which cor-
responded with some marks upon the window frames, made
by the burglars. Mr. Rushton said the evidence was insuffi-
cient against Tinker, and ordered him to be discharged.
Mercer, who made no defence, was committed for trial at
the sessions.

THE LONG-LOST PRESIDENT, STEAM-SHIP.—A man of
the name of James Meadows, a factory-operative, and a
native of Wigan, last week went to Liverpool in search of
employment, but not succeeding in his endeavours he took a
stroll to the North Shore, where, between the bathing-
place and the Bootle Land Mark, he found embedded
in the sand, with a half-inch board about a foot square
attached to it by a cord, a bottle containing a piece
of paper, on which was written in a good business-like
hand the following note :—" Dropped from on board the
President, steam-ship, lat. 68 deg., long. 39 deg. 27, 21 days
out from New York for Liverpool. Passed several ice-
bergs, and at last are reduced to a wreck. Fourteen hands
dead. Whenever this is picked up let it be published
for the satisfaction of our friends. John Kirkman,
passenger. Suffering much from cold and hunger—have
eaten two of our companions." The above is an exact
copy of the note, with the exception of Kir, which is in
italic, that part of the paper being damaged in taking it out
of the bottle. The Mayor has, we understand, taken the
deposition of the man who found it; and whether it is really
what it professes to be, we suppose an examination of the
hand-writing, by some one acquainted with the party whose
signature is attached, will alone determine.—[We copy this
paragraph from the Manchester Times of Saturday last.
We have heard nothing whatever of the finding of a bottle in
Bootle Bay, or of the subsequent circumstances. The only
opinion we haye in the matter is, that our contemporary has
been most egregiously hoaxed.]

Another great meeting of anti-corn law delegates is to be
held in London, before the prorogation of parliament, to re-
agitate the repeal of the corn laws.

The proclamation, announcing the issuing of a new copper
coinage of half a farthing, .will be highly beneficial to the
poorer classes, as the shopkeepers now get the benefit in the
change of small articles. The old silver coinage is gradually
being called in by government, previous to the striking of a
new one ; but there is no intention to make the public be the
losers of the wear and tear of 25 years, which is so much
greater than in gold. The intrinsic value of many shillings
is not more than Bd. or 9d. and that of sixpences 3d. or 4d.
On Tuesday week, as Mrs. Chapman and Mrs. Guest,
with her two children, were bathing at Sandy-quay, Dart-
mouth, Mrs. Chapman saw a large fish coming, with open
mouth, to one of the children. She happened to have a
bathing-staff in her hand, and most courageously transfixed
the fish with it, and called to a man passing in a boat for as-
sistance. The fish was soon captured, and proved to be what
is called a monk. It was taken to the Commercial Inn, and
found to measure five feet long ; the mouth was two feet
across, armed with several rows of large teeth, and quite
large enough to swallow one of the children.—Western
Times.

THETFORD, JUNE 20.—0 n Thursday evening a fishing
party. consisting of Mr. Craske, jun., Mr. Goodbody, Mr.
Meadows, and Mr. Handcock, went Out at about four o'clock
to a large piece of water, called Poulmere Pit, situated about
four miles from this town, and on their return they observed
a wooden bottle floating on the surface. Goodbody, Craske,
and Handcock took the boat (which was very leaky) and
tried to get the bottle. When they got near to it, Goodbody
(a stout heavy man) put his knee on one side of the boat,
which filled, and immediately went down. Goodbody never
rose. Handcock and Craske, both swimmers, made for the
shore, which the former succeeded in reaching in quite an
exhausted state ; hut Craske, mistaking his way, swam over
the shallow into deep water and sank. Meadows fortunately
continued on shore. The bodies of Goodbody and Craske
were not found till midnight.
MELANCHOLY ACCIDENTS.—On Tuesday last, a boy, at
Middleton, in Teesdale, Durham, was thrown from a horse,
which took fright at a flash of lightning, and was so injured
as to cause his death. Whilst the poor youth was being
buried, at the neighbouring village of Romaldkirk, a gen-
tleman was just departing on horseback, when a man, in
lifting a rail from the hedge, caused the animal to plunge so
violently as to fall backward on its rider and kill him almost
instantaneously. Joseph Helmer, Esq. surgeon, was imme-
diately called to the unfortunate gentleman, but his utmost
exertions proved of no avail.
THE COAL DUTY.—It is considered probable that the
duty on the export of Coals to foreign parts will come into
operation on the sth of July, although every effort is being
made to postpone the measure until October. The govern-
ment has conceded to the British shipowner tke protection to
which he is justly entitled, the duty to be levied on coals,
exported in ships belonging to states not acting with us under
reciprocity treaties, being fixed at four shillings per ton in-
stead of two shillings on large coals, and in the same propor&
tion as regards small coals. There will thus be a discrimi-
nating duty of a hundred per cent. in favour of the ships of
this country—an amount of protection which, upon the
whole, is considered satisfactory by those most interested in
the matter.

FAILURES ON THE CONTINENT. —The suspension of
payment by three highly respectable firms on the continent
has been spoken of on 'Change to-day in terms of general
regret. The first of these is the very old-established firm
of Nevin, Kerr, Black, and Co. of Constantinople, whose
London house received advices to-day that payment was
suspended, but their letters were entirely without parti-
culars, nor was there any statement of the amount of
secured
o M
to.
liabilities. The second failure is that of Wilson, Harvey,
and Co., a mercantile house of high standing at St. Peters-
burg ; and the third that of Oppenheim and Co., of Ham-
burg, a failure which, it is supposed, will be felt in this coun-
try, as the firm were considerable purchasers of Man-
hester goods.—Times, city article, Friday.
ft Angelothe
ei
.country,,t iosoo n o
by the
edtsahsneßd a
tE faar be
el
singularl l
oe f
depositedthEalndot Eldon,
true, Drawings
uiean dtat
that
taeehte h
, University
the
generousf after
ie r
noble
ob all,e
The
odnfo aOxford.tin of
offer of Mr. Woodburn to reduce the price of the drawings
by £3,000, were simultaneously made, neither party being in
the least cognizant of what the other proposed. Of Lord
Eldon we will only say that his munificence and attachment
to the place of his education do him infinite honour, and we
trust that such an instance of taste for the fine arts and of
genuine love for Oxford will find other examples amongst
the many noble and wealthy who owe, at least, somewhat of
their present celebrity to their ancient connection with the
University of Oxford.
ANOTHER " BUBBLE " BURST.—AII " unfortunate " ap-
plied to Mr. Jardine, at Bow-street Police-office, the other
day, for advice under the following circumstances :—He
stated that on the 4th of this month he left a bill for £4O
with the Westminster Investment Joint-Stock Loan Com-
pany and Bill Discounting Society, at No. 7, Adam-street,
Adelphi, and it was to have been discounted for him, and
the cash handed over by the 9th. The house, hoyvever, was
now closed, the society had failed, and the applicant could
not get his bill. Applicant called on the previous day at the
moffiiscees,, andand sawwas ainmtnarnmewdhothawtasif o
he enallyiedpetrhsoisn
n.,onortnhieng he
p!
should have the bill. He called, but did not get it, and was
tobleduitnistt.eadintanda(ti
addition
ondotunbttiltihse
dilemma,directors stvhoeul.adppwlrinitaenttos him
about ,
too, that unfortunately he was a shareholder in the concern.
—Mr. Jardine said he was afraid he could give him no as-
sistance, as the value was beyond that in which he was au-
thorised to interfere; he was not aware of any remedy ex-
cept by action at law.—Applicant : I suppose, then, sir,if I
can't get my bill, I shall have to pay it when it becomes due.
—Mr. Jardine: I siwpose so. —The applicant then left the
court.—Why do not people exercise a little discretion, ere
then trust their bills to, or become shareholders in, such a
-
concern as this ?

DISTRESS IN THE MANUFACTURING
DISTRICTS.

SERMON BY THE REV. HUGH WNEILE.

On Sunday last, the Rev. 11 volt 111'NEILE preached in
St. Jude's Church, for the relief of the working classes.
under the Queen's letter. The rev. gentleman selected for
his text the 10th verse of the 2nd chapter of St. Paul's
Epistle to the Galations.—" Only they would that we should
remember the poor: the same which I also was forward
to do."

He commenced his sermon thus :—My dear brethren, we
are this day called to special practical remembrance of the
poor, in obedience to the command, and in imitation of the
example of our gracious Sovereign, whom God preserve !
This of itself ought to be sufficient to ensure a cordial
willingness in every loyal heart, and a ready compliance from
every loyal hand. How much more, then, when we find the
commandment and the example of the great SOVEREIGN
of sovereigns, enjoining a similar remembrance of the pom
Christianity and loyalty, the things of God and the things of
Caesar, go hand in hand, while in the exercise of the duty
urged upon us this day, we fear God, honour the Queen, and
remember the poor.

In the course of an animated and deeply interesting de-
scription of the Christian duty of almsgiving, the rev. gentle-
man said, that, " the Christian church is the Lord's steward,
the Lord's almoner in the earth ; not presuming to inde-
pendence in the management of a property considered as
her own; but aiming at fidelity in the appropriation, accord-
ing to her divine Master's will, of the portion of His goods
entrusted to her care."

He concluded nearly as follows :
" Whilst this duty in the principle of it, remains un-
changed throughout all ages, it may from peculiar circum-
stances of a temporary and intermittent character, receive a
stimulating impulse as to the urgency and amount which
ought to attend its exercise on some special occasion. Our
country is at this time under such peculiar circumstances.
Various causes have conspired to place her so. It seems
imperative that some allusion be made to these, and I make
it according of course to my best judgment, but with diffi-
dence. The facilities given for artificial credit greatly in-
creased the number of our manufacturing producers : and
over production has brought about its inevitable recoil. If
the market of the whole world were open to England without
a competitor, all the consumers of manufactured goods
throughout the world, could not consume as rapidly as York-
shire and Lancashire alone, with the aid of joint stock banks,
would assuredly produce. Such a demand would of course
lead in the first instance to a mutiplication of the number of
producers ; and thereby the demand however great, would
speedily be overtaken and overpast. Unless some wholesome
restraint were put upon the contrivances of artificial credit,
there would occur what has occurred more than once, and
what has occurred now again ; bringing in its train many of
the depressing consequences under which the country is suf-
fering. Goods have been produced for which there has re-
mained no demand in any safe market from whence returns
were sure. The next step was to hazard them in unsafe
markets. This has been done, and in many instances very
inadequate returns, and in some instances no returns at all
have been made. The next step was the failure of those
master producers whose credit was artificial and who had no
bond fide property to meet the exigency of the present loss.
Their failures were of course attended by the disbanding of
the multitudes of young and old whom they had congregated
into their factories : and thus thousands of our fellow-coun-
trymen have been suddenly deprived of employment, and re-
duced
first to the pawnbroker's ruinous dealings, then to the
parish, and many, alas how many in struggling to avoid the
parish workhouse, have been reduced to destitution the most
abject, to hunger and thirst, and nakedness.
The printed statement accompanying the Queen's Letter,
informs us, that " many failures among the millowners have
occurred," and that " a large number of the manufacturing
workmen accustomed to constant industry, have been re-
duced by the stoppage of mills, to want of employment, and
to a dependance on legal or voluntary alms."
" Mr. Waddington, the secretary of the relief fund in
Stockport, states in the official report upon the distress in
that town, that the great majority of the distressed families
have no visible means of support; that for some weeks they
had subsisted by credit ; that when that failed their next re-
source was to sell their furniture, their wearing apparel, their
bed and bedding, and in many instances women have been
compelled even to part with their marriage ring; and that
their dwellings were found literally stripped of every article
of comfort. He subsequently proceeds to state, in refer-
ence to the district of which he acted as visitor, The greater
proportion of the inhabitants of that district were in as la-
mentable a state of destitution as it is possible to imagine ; I
am convinced that the relief fund has been the cause of
saving hundreds in the borough from a premature grave.' "
Meantime, causes of a different character have deprived
many of our richer fellow-countrymen of a considerable por-
tion of those means whereby they were formerly enabled
largely to contribute towards the relief of such distress.
In this, I allude to other classes of our commercial men,
especially to the owners and joint-owners of West Indian
estates. I offer no comment at present upon either the
principle or the policy of that gigantic experiment of bene-
volence—negro emancipation—l simply state a fact, which
cannot, I think, in fairness, be overlooked among the ele-
ments of our present commercial and social depression.
Directly or indirectly, from these and similar causes, you
all feel yourselves to be sufferers. And if you ask why I
allude to your own wants, at the moment that I am about to
ask you to contribute towards the wants of others, my excuse
is, because I wish to shew you that in the particular case now
before us, your own distress, instead of being an excuse, or
affording you any just plea of exemption, does, in fact, supply
the most urgent and undeniable argument in favour of your
most liberal contributions. This may seem a paradox; yet
it is strictly true. Our social system is linked together,
wheel within wheel, class dependant upon class, as the mem,
bers of one great body. If one member seriously suffer, it
is impossible that the other members can escape suffering
with it. If the classes of the community whom I now ad-
dress be sufferers, you cannot be the only sufferers. The
classes above you must feel it also, though not so severely
as you do. The classes below you must feel it, and feel it
more severely than you do. The cause is plain. A time of
general distress reduces every class from what may be called
its habitual position in ordinary times. Contemplate the
class, whose habitual position is one of abounding superfluity
and luxury; they may be reduced, and very seriously so, yet
still possess all that constitutes gentility and even elegance
with economy. There was large space for reduction about
them ; they might be let down far, and yet still he compare..
tively high. Contemplate the class, whose habitual position
is one of genteel economy ; they may be reduced, yet still
retain all that can be called absolutely necessary. Contem-
plate the class, whose habitual position is one of bare neces-
sity ; if they be reduced, they must reach some points of actual
want. And finally, contemplate the class whose habitual
position is one of want, who are poor at the best, standing at
the lowest point of precarious subsistence: if they be re-
duced, to what condition must it be? Behold, then, my
dear brethren, in your own reduced circumstances and pre-
sent distress, the proof, the pressing, painful undeniable
proof of the utter prostration of the poor. Have you be-
come objects of sympathy because of your reduced incomes ?
They have become objects of compassion having no incomes
at all. Are you deprived of comforts ?—they are deprived of
necessaries. Have you no wine ?—they have no bread.
Are you restrained from the early purchase of a new coat or
new gown ?—they have neither coat nor gown left, which was
available as a pledge whereby to procure another loaf.
This appeals to you all. Members of our congregation,
adorn the doctrine of God our Saviour. Strangers, our fel-
low-worshippers this morning, rejoice in the opportunity af-
forded you to take part in this blessed work. My poorer
friends, who are still in employment, you have but little,
then "do thy diligence gladly to give of that little." Ser-
vants, fed to the full at your master's cost, let the cry of the
hungry startle you at your meals, and come and consecrate
your wages to the service of the Lord Jesus.
I spoke of hunger, and thirst, and nakedness ; and these
were not figures of speech, but plain words describing most
deplorable realities. But words are feeble instruments in a
case like this. They cannot convey adequate impressions to
your minds and hearts. Your eyes should be addressed as
well as your ears. You should see a family of the destitute
poor : the grown and growing children pale and emaciated
from long privation ; again they have felt the pangs of
hunger, and eagerly snatched the insufficient morsels from
their mother, who has found it easier to resist her own
cravings for necessary food than their pitiful cries. They
have eaten all, still they cry, till exhausted nature sinks into
the temporary repose of a feverish sleep. You should see
the mother then fixing her wild eyes upon the poor pining
babe at her bosom, for whom she has no supply, and trem-
bling in terror at every sound, lest another and another of
her dear little ones be wakened up to a fresh consciousness
of want and endurance of suffering. You should see the
father, willing to work, if work could be had, standing in
speechless agony at the sight, suppressing the rising groan,
and turning aside to wipe away unseen the tears that roll
over his manly cheek. If I could lead you through the
dwellings of the poor, and make you spectators of such
scenes as these, I need not speak: your eyes would affect
your hearts, and your hearts would not coldly calculate, nor
reluctantly dole out your accustomed shilling for the col-
lecting box—no, but warmed by the risings of tender sym-
pathy, and assured that your contributions would be well
and faithfully applied, your hearts and hands would over-
flow with sacred profusion for the godlike office of feeding,
clothing, comforting, healing, the hungry, the naked, the
afflicted, the diseased.
And then ! 0! stand once more in that wretched hovel.
See the children all awake, the mother looks mournfully
upon them as they renew their cries for food ; the father,
unable to bear the complicated misery, rushes to the door,
that he may escape from sounds which harrow up his soul—
when lo ! the secretary of the Relief Fund, or one of his
accredited messengers, arrives. He carries bread with him.
"Thank God!" bursts involuntarily from the father's heart.
" Bread !" exclaims a little one, darting to the door ; and all
in wild delight reiterate the sound, " Dread, bread !" The
sudden rush of joy is too much for the enfeebled mother,
who faints away, but is presently revived, and revived to
such a sight! Her children have bread and to spare, and
she may at last have some herself! 0 ! seek through the
round world for happiness,—in what clime—under what
smiling sky—in what career of ambition—in what acquisition
of wealth—in what haunt of dissipation—in what scenes of
merriment—where, under the first great curse—can such real
happiness be found as that which is enjoyed in tracing the
footsteps of Jesus, who went about doing good to the poor ?
The collection amounted to one hundred and sixty pounds.

It is better, in conversation with positive men, to turn off
the subject in dispute with some merry conceit than
than to keep
up the contention to the disturbance of the company.
INDECENT PROCEEDINGS IN THE CATE:IE DRAL.—A fracas
of a most unseemly character occurred in the Cathedral
during divine service on Sunday last. A dispute has existed
for some time about the ownership of a pew, between two
gentlemen who are members of the congregation. While the
Y, the coachman and
first lesson was being read last Sida
two other persons in the employ of one of the parties entered
the church in a noisy manner, and advanced to the pew in
question, which is at the extremity of the right hand gallery,
most remote from the entrance. It was occupied at the time
by the other claimant and some members of his family, who
refused admittance to the new-comers, and a most indecent
and disgraceful scuffle ensued in consequence. For a few
minutes a struggle was carried on, which disturbed the whole
congregation, causing several of them_ to leave their seats and
hurry to the scene of conflict. _ Captain Nesbitt and some of
the constabulary, who happened to be in the church, at length
succeeded in separating the combatants.—Londonderry
Sentinel.
violent thunder storm, attended
THUNDERSTORM.--A
with loss of life, visited Newcastle-on-Tyne and neighbour-
hood on the forenoon of Tuesday, and it appears also to have
extended generally throughout the country, causing many
severe and painful casualties. At the barracks the lightning
struck the hospital, and a soldier of the 61st regiment, named
James Hynes, who has been some time an invalid, was killed
while sitting on a stool. A serjeant in the same regiment,
whose room adjoined the hospital, while in the act of
closing the window shutter, was also struck and rendered
insensible, but lie soon after recovered. The hospital sus-
tained considerable damage by the breaking of the windows
and damage to the rafters and roofing, Mr. Newton,
of
Nurser Y Cottage, whilst walking in his nursery was knocked
down, but he happily suffered no further injury than a tem-
porary fright. At the Spital Tongues Colliery, a little girl,
was slightly injured ; and at Arthur's
named Jane Davy,
Hill an old woman was deprived of sight, but both, it is said,
are recovering. A cow, grazing on the Town Moor, belong-
five sheep belonging to Mrsy.
to John Huntley, of Percy-street, was killed. At the Abbe
Farm, near Barnard Castle,
Miller were killed • at Arklaw Banks, the farm house occu-
pied by Mr. Middleton, was injured ' • and at Hunderthwaite,
a three-year-old colt, belonging to William Kipling, Esq.,
was killed.

BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCE-
MENT OF SCIENCE.

MANCHESTER, SATURDAY.—This morning, the seven
learned sections of science met at the usual hour, and were
attended numerously. The Marquis of Northampton, Lord
Francis Egerton, Professor •Bessel, and a number of other
parties known to science, attended, but the section broke up
at an early hour, and nothing of importance occurred. The
American minister (Mr. Everett), whose appearance here is
not solely attributed to his attachment to scientific pursuits,
had an address presented to him to-day at the Borcugh-
reeve's room, purporting to emanate from the merchants,
manufacturers, and traders, of Lancashire, expressing their
wish for the establishment of perfectly free relations with the
United States. 1 have every reason to believe that the ad-
dress was concocted by the leaders of the Anti-corn Law
League, and, whether consonant or not with the feelings and
opinions of the traders and manufacturers of Lancashire,
they have not been generally consulted. The following is a
copy of the addr&s, the publication of which may be a
novelty to those manufacturers and traders of Lancashire
whose sentiments it is said to express :
" To his Excellency the lion. E. Everett, &c.—We, the
undersigned merchants, manufacturers, traders, and others,
inhabitants of Manchester and its vicinity, feel gratified and
honoured by your temporary visit to our town, and gladly
avail ourselves of the opportunity of •expressing the friendly
sentiments we entertain towards the great country whose
people and government you represent. We are sensible
of the strong ties by which the United States of America
and our own country are already connected. We feel that
we are the same people, and of the same branch of the great
human family, with those who have converted the pathless
wastes of your vast continent into a land where civilization
has reared her standard, and where man is pursuing with
unfaltering steps all that is great and noble, and worthy of
his highest ambition. We feel that much of what is cheer-
ing in the future progress of the world may depend upon
the career of two nations so intimately allied, and that
a heavy responsibility is imposed upon each country in
working out its part of the all-wise designs of Divine
Providence in the advancement of the highest common
interests of our race. We believe that he is the best
friend of both countries who endeavours to promote an
equitable and enduring alliance between them ; and that
nothing can serve more powerfully to insure this than
the extension of reciprocal commercial intercourse, and
the creation of a closer mutual dependence, operating to the
great mutual advantage of all parties. We deeply regret that
there should exist the slightest barrier to the most perfect
commercial freedom between the enterprising population of
these islands and our brethren of the American continent.
We trust that the delusive idea of protecting one branch of
industry by inflicting injury upon other branches is fast pass-
ing away ; and that, ere long, the abundant products of your
country and the various manufactures of ours will be freely
interchanged ; that commercial transactions will become as
uncontrolled by fiscal restrictions as are the waves, which,
whilst they separate, yet serve to unite the parent with the
daughter country. We feel convinced that the doom of mo-
nopoly is sealed in our land, that even the blindness of party
is becoming enlightened, and that all the wise and good will
soon he brought to regret that a single hour should have
been allowed to pass without the adoption of the sound prin-
ciples of free trade. We would hope—nay, we cannot doubt
—that in your native land, of whose free institutions you are
justly proud, commerce will not long be permitted to languish
in fetters; and that all who would give her perfect freedom
in your country and in ours, will not only hold out to each
other the hand of friendship, and co-operate to advance the
great principles we espouse, but have to greet each other on
the speedy realization of the objects they so ardently desire.
We are most anxious that perpetual peace should exist be-
tween the two countries— peace founded on mutual respect
and mutual benefits, and that wherever the flag of our re-
spective countries may be unfurled, it may be hailed as the
herald of amity, of civilization, and of religion. To your
Excellency, individually, we desire to convey our most earnest
wish that your sojourn amongst us may be gratifying to
yourself, and tend in an eminent degree to promote the most
kindly feelings between the great people whose interests you
have the distinguished honour to represent, and the inhabi-
tants of these realms—a vast majority of whom, we feel
assured, most cordially unite with us in the sentiments we
now express, from a full persuasion that the consummation
of their views will secure solid and lasting benefit and bles-
sings to ourselves, to you, and to the world."

MEETINGS OF SECTIONS.

SECTION A.-MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE.

The principal papers which came before this section were
three by Sir David Brewster, " on luminous lines in certain
flames corresponding to the defective lines in the sun's light,"
" on the structure of a part of the solar spectrum hitherto
unexamined," and "on the luminous bands in the spectra
of various flames ;" also two by Mr. Eaton Hodgkinson.
"on the mode of conducting experiments on the resistance
of air ;" and " notice of experimental enquiries on the
strength of stones and other materials." There were . also
two highly interesting mathematical papers, by Mr. Parsey,
" on conic sections as applied to optics," and " on the
geometry.of arithmetic."—The section rose rather early, as
did each of the others on account of a meeting of the com-
mittee of recommendations.