The Liverpool Standard, and General Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1854-08-15 00:00:00

If ESSDS

MACLUIIE, MACDOW

Lithographers to Her Majesty ;

'And be printed upon superior paper, so as to' ender
%viten framed, an ornament to the drawing-room.
As the printing of so large a number will-neces-
sai* involve considerable time, it is requested
that orders may be forwarded to the office at the
earliest convenience.

Owing to the very great expense ?Incurred,
the Standard will, •dn that occasion, be - charged

SIMPENCE,

'lie Post-office authorities have announced their
intention to expieite the night mails for the
North of Englaritl and North M.les by dis-
patching them gave hours earlier. This will
necessitate the po€ing of THE STIRDARD before
nine o'clock on Monday night, instead of mid-

night, as heretofore; and, in eonsequence, we
are compelled to-request that an' avertisements
and communications may be sent to the office
before sir o'Clock on illondety evening at the
latest. The alteration will vifford an advan-
tage to our northern subscribers in-the delivery
of their papers some hours eartier-; and to those
211 North rfrcaes There will be .avain of nearly

twentyfozw ?wart

7Liberpoot --;,tattbarbt

TUESDAY MENEM, AUG. 8, 1554.

HOW SHOULD 'THE WAR ENDED

THE progress of Alie,war, as farad least as dr-
istimstances have yettaken place, present a tangled
• web of confused and often contradictory accounts
'isy no means easy of . comprehension. This arises
in a great measure 'lnom the extended scene of
operations, comprising both extremes of Europe
•.ane. great part of Asia, • the number ofparties en-
gaged at different points, and the-introduction of
the electric telegraph by which the ordinary chan-
~• nets of communieationareanticipated, but whereby
'Tads are too often distorted,• and -sometimes in-
vented, either to serve,alaurpose or to ratify the
public anxiety for news. Some • time .may there-
fore elapse before the proceedings of the b4iligerent
_forces-A-All form a distinct portion of consecutive
- history, and we • must form our conclusions as to
the progress of affairs from such accounts

as we

receive, 'with the proviso, 'nevertheless, that no
report can safely be received 'until its truth has
been confirmed through some ether ehanntl. In
-the 'meantime, it may not he•out of place,to,con-
' cider what *Night to be the end of 'the war,.and
'what guarantees should be demanded from-Russia
for the future peace of Europe:before the Western
Powers should consent to terms uf,peace, and with-
draw theirlorees from the scene of-conflict. 'This
question becomes also of more importancerowing
to the close of ,the session of Parliament •without
any-assurances from the Ministry, except the con-
tradictory statements made in each house, and the
strong conviction in the public mind that the
PREMIER has no stomach for the fight, and would,
if he dared, submit .to humiliating, or at feast un-
satisfactory, conditions, in order to screen his
friend, the Cull of Russia, from the vengeance
which the latter has ,so wantonly provoked.
If we take the map of Europe which points out
the changes of territory, we shall find that, since
the accession of PETER I. the frontier of Russia
has been extended in almost every direction by
large acquisitions from Sweden, from Poland, and
from Turkey, and, unless length of time be allowed
to legalise robbery, there is no legitimate reason
why the present war should not be one to compel
reetoration. The career of NAPOLEON only differed
from that of Russia in his conquests being effected
with greater rapidity ; and when his reign was
brought to a close, France was reduced within her
ancient limits, and all the achievements by which
it had been extended went for nothing. It would
be difficult to advance any solid reason why a
similar course should not be pursued on the pre-
sent occasion. If Finland were restored to Sweden,
the latter power would form an effectual check
against Russian aggression in that quarter; and
if, in addition to this, the kingdom of Poland were
re-established, Russia would not have a port on
the Baltic Sea or the Gulf of Bothnia, and even St.
Petersburg would belong to Sweden. With Poland
intervening, Prussia might have less fear from the
proximity of her dangerous neighbour, and Austria
would derive a similar benefit. By restoring the
territories acquired from Turkey, Russia would be
shut out from the Black Sea, and, indeed, reduced
to her limits, as far as Europe is concerned, as they
existed previous to the year 1689. Should such
be the ultimatum which the allied powers insist
upon as the conditions upon which alone they will
consent tro negotiate for peace, it may be mega of

THE LIVERPOOL

severity, but its justice can hardly be disputed, un-
less we admit that the forbearance with which Rus-
sian aggression has hitherto been submitted to con-

stitutes a I

gal title to the c

.nued possession of

the territory so obtained. Such may have once

been the view entertained, but it has now become
broadly apparent that Russia has herself no ulti-
matum, no limit to her desires but the pos
of universal empire, and this is a result which it
is the manifest duty of. every state to prevent as
far as possible. Farewell to civilization, to learn-
ing, to religion, if ever Russia should obtain the
mastery

ession

So insidious were her movements, so
cautious her policy, that it was at no time easy to
found upon them a easus belli, and persuade the
people of Europe that their liberties were in

danger from such stealthy steps ; but now that

the blast of war has been sounded, and nations
armed for the contest, the sword should not be
sheathed until full retribution for former injuries
has been accomplished, and the great enemy of
human progress restrained from the capability of
doing further mischief.

However great the changes that may be made
by the war now pending, or however seriously the
empire of Russia may be crippled for future opera-
ao detriment can take place to British com-
merce, 'but the result will rather be directly the
century. Of all nations pretending to' civiliza-
tion Russia took by far Ithe least proportion of
Mitish manufactures, the chief of the trade be-
tween the two countries being in Russian produce,
'which we could obtain 'as well or better if Russia
were annihilated as an European power. On the
other hand, if Finland were restored to Sweden, it
would be far more beneficial to our commerce ;
Poland, as an Independent kingdom, would take
far more largdy ;of our exports than ever it did in
the hands of Russia ; while the provinces to the
north of the Black Sea would, in the hands of
Turkey, lead 'to a very considerable increase of our
trade in that direction. The commetcig policy of
Russia has been of the most exclusive 'character,
and only.-submitted to because of the 'fear of its
real or 'pretended power. Russian:interests have
been held to be paramount 'to all others, and no
step :has been taren to reduce her arrogant preten-

tions,

because she has 'cunningly siilected for her
opponents the effete power of Turkey, which, from
the peculiarity of her 'religion, 'kad nothing in
eemmon with the rest of Europe. Our duty •on
'the present occasion is not -so 'much to vindicate
Purkey as to restrain Rusiia, ,and this duty will
not be effectually-performed unless Russia be --'re-
,duced, before peeee'be proclaimed, within =Totter
limits than she was at the cOmmeneemet
hostilities.

COItMIRCIAL PROSPECTS

THE extraerainarily rtpid progress which has

taken place in' the etanmerce of this country since
the comniencementef last year, has set la-ordinary
calculations at ;defiance,- and rendered. insecure any
speculation as to' the`future. The stimulus given
by the repoits .of geld 'discoveries in "Australia led
to a very extensive emigration -to 'that distant
colony, and,•With-glitht cessations, ttlxis voluntary
expatiittion has Sin/ continued; so :that a popula-
tion '6l' consumers-of British produce and manu-
factures has suddenly been eallect into existence at
the-lentipodes, 'and formed a mkt • for exports
the consumptive powers of whiell seem inekhausti-
lale. In additiontitthis great sourced-commercial
increase, it woUld apear that people in other
places have almost 46 suddenly become• Consumers;
forlevery moritifioxturn from theaoard of Tride

shows a large addition to our exports, and yet

nts of glutte

is foreign

tively of rare •oo

larkots are compara-
Were the cautious

:urrence

anmchant to be now actuated by what was formirly
-considered prudent calculation,-he would be in-
'-duced to pause-And do nothingAest his compe-
: titors 'should. belwerdoing the trade; but goods are
!dill sent away` in almost boundless profusion,-and'
though now-and then we hear-of relining prices,
-there is still-a margin for profitonld the next pot',
tells of more supplies being wanted. if the demands:
upon commercial aetivity have heereen great during,
.a-time when, from scarcity of home-grown ()ern,
-bread has been double its ordinary price, what.
'Unfit shall we affix to the future,After an abundant'
harvest shall have -added millionseto the national
wealth, and reduced every nian's expenses for
subSistence nearly --My per cent.? It is imposei-
ble. to speculate upon premises whiel,so far exceed
all-previous experienee, for we appear to have arrived
at en era when no increase of shipping can exceed
the -demand, no amount of shipments produce more,
than 2 temporary exeess,.and no extent of produc-
tion outrun the capability of consumption. While
the majority of the population, either. here or else-
where, were content with hUmble fare and but few
of the, eenveniences of eivrfisation, a nuaierate pro-
duction -was sufficient • t4:kmeet all requirements ;
but thedmprovement in thcoondition of ae indus-
trious Glasses created wants whi?h still . require to
be satisfied. No longer cement-With that which
once was ,sufficient for glair .desires, the; • have
tasted of luxuries which use ,has , converted into
necessaries,.the gold-fields of .4Ustralia:have,given
the means -to thousands, and the effect of this
mighty change is not a . glut 4 :the circulating
medium, beta demand for the products of-industry
which seems to 'know no limit. erlnigration has
reduced competition in the labour market at home,
and created a market for consumption abroad_: the
spirit of emulation appears to have stimulated!
mankind in every direction, and as -this is a race,
which, unless violently checked, must le onward,
we can only anticipate still greater inerease of
those commercial operations which have .obtained
for Great Britain so prominent 'a position among
,taie nations of the earth.

Every day is now strengthening the confidence
in die productiveness of the present harvest, and
should expectation be realised, we may fairly pre-
sume upon a very considerableimpetus being given
to almost every department of our home trade, in
addition to the demands for exportation. The cost
of bread forms a material item in the expenditure
of every working-man, and all that is saved by its
reduced price will be spent in articles of wearing
apparel and other comforts. This will promote
activity in the several departments of manufacture,
and find the means for a new class &consumers ;
so that the advantage will multiply itself in various
ways, and our imports will also be increased, not
in supplies of food for ordinary subsistence, which
our abundance of home growth will render less
necessary, but in those articles which contribute to
the revenue, and constitute what may be called the
luxuries of life. In every way, therefore, we may
anticipate an extension of our commerce, and this
in spite of the war in which we are now engaged.
In estimating the addition to the national wealth
from a productive harvest, it is impossible to arrive
at a reasonable degree of exactness, owing to the
absence of any agricultural statistics ; but if we
venture to calculate the additional quantity of
home-grown wheat as ten millions of quarters, at
50s. per quarter, we have twenty-five millions ;
and taking all other crops at only as much more,
we have no less than fifty millions sterling addi-
tional. Besides this, however, we must take into
account that we have less need of foreign supplies,
and the quantity that is imported will be paid for
at a less price ; so that the gain to the country
from the bounty of Providence may be considered
nearly equal to_ the whole of the revenue raised for.
the national expenditure.