The Liverpool Standard, and General Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1854-10-17 00:00:00

batter

land side

lare comm

)f wha

ci t.

find ranch to inter

,rds to t

nig in

extensive steam
liarlv exposed t

however

Irreg:ular

jects towards
Sea from the

f Per

Bard of pu

The extreme
xl9O

to west

th to south is 123

level of the sea

d and indente

ate, is

ards th(

north,

into the 1

e, having a

1-ard_putiid loam, as level

as abowli

rackis h water, and with-

out rivers, though the beds in which rivt
flowed can readily be traced. At the south-western
_ _

s once

a side of a fine

Am, with a

been i

into the c

at, pv

Tes of all Enrop(
ted, and of it Mr

mends

Scott g

The fame

wide at
the end

a itetchka

empties

b. is about ei

.t fathoms,

rand in the centr

s bay ar

harbours ; the

quarant
taking a tont

entranc

Leep wat(

,t a mile and a

s that the Black Sea
hest ships b

fleet is mc
to lie, wit:

guns; and the

ghty-six

DX
.And when that

we belic

to insu
In saw

harbours, which rise gradually from the water's edge to an
elevation of two hundred feet. lt is more than a mile in
length; and its greatest width is about three quarters of
a mile, the streets entering the open steppe on the south.
It was partly defended on the west, towards the land, by a
loopholed wall, which had been pronounced by one of the
first engineers of Russia as perfectly useless ; and plans
for completely fortifying the place in that direction were
said to have been made ; but whether the work has since
been carried out we know not, though we have a deep con-
viction that strong defences will be found to exist there by
the time a besieging army arrives. These, however, being
hurriedly raised, can neither be of sufficient magnitude nor
strength to offer a serious resistance to a long continued
fire of heavy artillery ; and unless these fortifications are
,st extensive scale, and embrace a very wide circuit,
be commanded from so many points, that,
ith heavy guns of long range, their speedy
)mes a matter of certainty. None of the sea
its are of the slightest service for defence
Indeed the great fort, " St. Nicholas,"
Ihas not a gun pointed in that direction ; and such an
armament would be perfectly useless if it existed, as that
part of the hill on which the town stands rises behind it
' ight of two hundred feet. In fact, all the fortresses
teries, both to the north and south of the great bay,
aded by higher ground in the rear.

The speculations of Mr. Scott as to the defensive
capabilities of Sevastopol, although now matter of
minor importance, are yet by no means desti-

1 tute of interest. The narrative of travel and
observation given to the public by Mr. Scott proves
him to be a judicious and clear-sighted investigator
_ _
His book is well

lever came in his wa

g of a careful perusal, as it throws much

light upon various matters connected with Russian
policy and the internal condition of the country ;
at the present time it is peenliarly interesting and
f• 1

The Works of Philo .Tudaus. Translated from
the Greek, by C. D. Yonge, B.A. London :
Henry G. Bohn.

The volume, of which the preceding is the title,
is the first of the author's works, and is one of Mr.
Bohn's Ecclesiastical Library. Philo was a learned
Hebrew, the contemporary of Josephus, and a man
held in much esteem by his countrymen, and also
by the Greek, philosophers. His writings bear
,• .

testimony to his independence of thought, as well
as to his learning. The present volume contains
well-considered_ treatises, or essays, on various

topics connected with sacred history, commencing
with an essay on the "Account of the Creation of
the World, as given by Moses." Philo has been
charged, and not without reason, with an over-
subtlety of reasoning ; and this elaborateness, not
to call it by so harsh a name as defect, is manifest

in many of the ess.
volume, several of the subjects tending in no small
degree to a development of the casuistic faculties,
where they exist in only moderate but
where the tendency. as in the

Ts contained in the present

degreE
Af

' and almost inveterate, such subjects as
The Posterity of Cain,"

Cain and his birth," and

cannot fail to excite their action to a great extent.
In the volume, however, the biblical student will
d instruct him ; and by its
, Mr. Bohn has conferred
ive class of readers.

a cheap r

on an ex

Combustion of Coal and the Prevention of
v and practically considered.
London : John Weale.

By C. W. Williams.
Liverpool : W. Webb.

The subject of smoke prevention is one in which
the public generally have a deep interest, and more
particularly that portion of the public who, from
nufacturing towns, or seaports in which
1-navigation is conducted, are pecu -
its action. It has unfortunately.

till lately been considered, popularly a t
ast, that the proprietors of works in which the
smoke was created had but a secondary interest in
its abatement. Practical investigation has led to

n that in this case, as in many others,
blic convenience is paid for by the
ender in increased expenditure ; that, in short,
if the furnace proprietor will consult his own
interest, the truthful monitions of that wide will

lead to a diminution of public inconvenience. This
will readily appear, when it is borne in mind that
the dense masses of black smoke, issuing from
furnace chimneys and engine funnels, is neither
less nor more than comminuted masses of unburned

coal, floated into the atmosphere, polluting its
purity, instead of contributing to the power of the
engine or the action of the furnace. This fact is
strongly insisted on and plainly demonstrated by
Mr. Williams, whose attention to the subject has
been unremitting for a period of nearly thirty years.
The practical value of his labours has been fully

demonstrated in the working of the City of Dublin
steam-vessels plying between this port and the
Irish capital ; and the efficiency of his theory has
'ark in

'he volume

;ers

emistry of combustion, and, grounded on

_ ceeds safely and surely in deducing the
conomy and convenience of the plans he recom-
- The book is eminently practical and

Specimens of English Dramatic Poets who lived
about the time of Shakspeare. With notes.

By Charles Lamb-. London : Henry G. Bohn.

of Charles Lamb, as a pleasant anno-
tator and judicious dramatic critic, requires no
enforcement at this period or from us. In the
collection before us we have a great deal to in-
struct and not a little to delight us. The selec-
tion has been made with great care and good taste,
and in his preface he says with truth as well as
boldness, " I have expunged without ceremony all
that which the writers had better never have
written," and, he might have added, that was so
extensive that the task of excision was indeed a
Herculean and many would have thought a thank-
less one. So thought not " Elia ;" he has care-
fully separated the chaff from the corn, and pro-
duced an interesting volume. In reprinting
this collection, Mr. Bohn has evinced his usual
judgment and good taste, and added to the
" family literary treasury" many dramatic jewels
which, accompanied by their grosser settings, were
quite inadmissible to such a place. It deserves to
be, and will, we have no doubt, become a highly
reatinterestw" I nonular volume.

Orr's Circle Qf the Sciences

Parts VIII. and