The Statesman.
London, England, 1814-09-26 00:00:00

TILE STATESMAN.

land, also a Burgomaster of oor city ; and M. de
Monteeach, avoyer of Fribourg. This deputation
will immediately set out for its destination. Soots
Cartons will send particular' deputations. Berne'
has named M. de Mulinen.

Two Gettenburgh Mails reached town this morn-
ing, by which we have received the following :
Gorrewavaciu, Seer. 13.-rAccountk: from
way state, that it is every one's wish titre that the
Diet should be assembled as sops atipetisible,4in or-
der to have every thing arranged, •ancl4proper Con-
stitution formed, according to the laws'of Sweden
and Norway.
The King, Queen, and Prince ()scar, arrived here
on Wednesday last, ind are _expected to remain some
weeks. A grand ball hea been given by, the Bnvghers
to their Majesties, at which above one..thoasand per•
sons were present.
The Crown Prince is expected on Stanley or Mon-
day next.

To those aims have taken an interest in the obser-
vations wolnere made on the subject of the state of
our agricultere, and the proposed alteration in our
Corh Laws, a clear view of the measure intended to
be pursued by the French Legislature in regard to
the Exportation of Grain, cannot be unacceptable.
Before, therefore, we proceed to any ferthet nomi-
nation of this important topic, we think* incumbent
upon en-to lay before our Readers the whole of the
Abbe Morercsontou's plan of the law for regulating
the exportation of Corn from France. We conceive
the object to be blanch infinite interest to the people
of this country, particularly at the present moment,
sit to deserve the most serious attention ; and for the I
better understanding of it, we have added, wherever
the French measure or price is mentioned, the corre- I
aponding English measure and price. This is not a
subject which can be considered abstractedly, nor
distinct from the consideration of the relative state of
our own agriculture, and thsi projects of the landed
interests of this countryoto obtain legislative re-
straint to importation, sod encouragement to **pot-
ation.
A legislative view of agriculture teeiiit
upon its result towards the communityit tete. • It
may be instructive to examine how far this necessary
consideration is attended to by the French Govern-
ment. Our necessity ought to teach our vanity not
to slight the very common maxim, Fas est abhoste
doctre. It will be apparent from the Abbe MON.
TESQUIOU'S speech, that the French law differs as
widely by the benevolent views it embraces, from that
projected by the advocates of exportation in this
kingdom, as the country for irhiCh it is framed does
in its general features of prosperity from our less
favoured and exhausted land. Exportation is not
resorted to and protected by law in France for the
purpose of enriching a few indisiduals who have
grain on hand, and will not bring it to the home
market for fear of Ipwering the price, already above;
the ability of the people to pay,—but for the purpose
of contributing to the general comfort and relief of
the nation, in many places possessing a superabund-
ant quantity, and in others requiring quick supplies.
Exportation is to be free when under twenty-one
francs the hectolitre (of ten ancient bushels) in the
dearest parts of France, and is to pay a ditty of only
one and one-half franc (fifteen-pence English) per
metrical quintet, when higher; and thepredtece of
such duties are to be applied to the encoungeMent of
agriculture. Compare these prices *lib those by which it
was last season proposed to regeteteatios into
this country. Compare aloe 'the *OF lifencod-
proportions of the rates lei bdt with thrt:•Wllyket
the districts to which they refer, and the encossiage-
went given to the transit of supplies to tiecessitoes
with the justie of the ilicy which would

places, . ustice policy
fix an equal rate for all, without regard to diversity
of ability or situation. The Abbe MONTNiQUIOO
justly remarks, that low or high price is a relative
term, and not the same in every place. The average
isttherwkire, not fled by one Or two classes of de-
plikments, where grain is plenty; but regard is had
to proportion in every quarter. The Abbe MONTINI•
QUIOU remarks, that iu several frontier districts, pro-
ducing abundance, the lower class, who are very
'poor, are obliged to substitate other nourishment for
*heat ; and from this diet, too frequently, diseases:
_and mortalitks ensue. These districtranwpaetictivt
tar attention paid to them, and precautions for prey`
serving the comfort of the lohabitaats form a part
of the law. The people there are not told, with in.
salting indifference, that potatoes form a proper sup-
port for themselves and their families; but the pri-
vilege of export is converted into an encouragement
to import, by importatiep into those digtricts being
permitted at a lower rate. This Minister also lays
it down, that the wages of labour are principally
regulated by the price •of bread. It is the opinion
ortome in this country, that the pries of bread
should be regulated by the wages of !sheer._
The ,contenders for this humane propesitiees 'be
are aiee the advocates ter exportation, on aft et

dent spirits, and liquors known to have a deleterious
quality. The high duties levied upon French wines,
have hitherto rendered them a luxury, confined to
the consumption of the higher classes of society, but
for which tbe cost at the place of their growth, and
their proximity to us, would lay them down, in our
markets, cheaper than those of Spain and Portugal.
It may be partly true,, that the wines of Portugal
and Spain are physically better suited to our Climate
and constitutions during the greater portion of the
year ; and it big been questioned whether the taste
a those classes ot .society,, who • are the chief con-
`mem, especially.of port wine, would encourage
soy considerable consumption of the wines Wl'
France, owing to their supposed weakness of qua-
lity, although actually only to their delicacy of fla-
vour. It is not, however, in taverns, that genuine
French wines are always to be found, and the gene-
ral inferior quality of claret, in particular, has It
tablished an unmerited prejudice against Freda
red wine. Man is also the creature of habit:, the
experience of those classes, who, •kr-;Trivets
•
houses, possess .the superior French wines as
luxuries, prone* 'that they are N powerful in'
qualify, and q. high, if not bighir; In flavour,
then those of Portugal ; that they will la

climate squally long preserve :their colour, flavour,
any circumstances, and the no less strenure
I.strensth, and general perfectials. It is obvious alscr,
for restraint ea importation, will And • •, We every 'Geary of life ceases io strictness to be of
Lions In the speech of the French SWIM that denomination, when reduced in price, or Safes,'
suitable for their purpose than • that. whleloo. 'to the price or a necessary of life--that the•port
down•relative to the fixing of wages by the pyksn set Mom, and Spanish white wines, have, by habit, been
bread. WeaHude to what is said as to 1b.*64094t'l imiereed necessaries of life to numerous classes of
rality occasioned among the labouring Omelet" tlslll polity ; that the difference in price to' the :con.
wages, and thein'notacterer's concern it seeing a sumer, between those wines end- French wipes,.
I.iie hi the price of subsistence, which it is argued conkists ao much. in our detien.:eircustoms abad
10 di
unlit net to CRAM 'disconten t, U by au addition. to excise, that any which Arises in the charges, of
..; - : - •-* "

art

the price of his goods he can protect. his pro-
fits from socg,echasent. This44-40tretver; disqua7
-Wei& the, argument from being- applicable'itte the
'fact in this **entry. If, indeed, whilst the Mead-
facturer paysa little more to his siorkmeti, he can
proportionably raise the price of his goods to the
standard of subsistence,. and still have a living pro-
fit, he need not grievously complain ; bet if the
price of bread is Mill rising, and that of his' goods
falling ; if be is undersold in every market,,and wages
still high, and necessarily keeping pace with the in-.
creased rate of subsistence, what is he to do then!
The relative state of the manufacturers in the two
countries bears no similarity.
It was to be expected that with the restoration of
, gMace, of ancient Governments, and its former
administrations of justioe, the industry of the Conti-
nent would native : we ought therefore to be prepared
for a competition which its disasters and oppressions
haveof late prevented. As oar manufacturers and
merchants have this competition- now to meet, (he
Impossibility of their doing. so for any time most be
.
evident, without something like an approach to an,
equal rate of subsistence. Without this, neither our
established capital, per •Oni machinery, can be en—
petted to enable us long. to carry on the unequal
contest; brit (earlier ye, thee expected themselves.
•to lead the emigration; whenever practicable,
'he 'snore than oins..,,sranch of our profitable,
-industry. There aka be no doubt that the landed
itgereit hope to be Isb4 to persuade the Legislature
Ito give them scope in the prohibition of foreign
grain, and thereby leave them masters of the price of
[ British growth. It is no less discernible that it is
-this competition of foreign grain which alone limits
their power. If we do not voluntarily refuse the
offer of cheap sopplga It is from France, on account
pf her proximity and present abundance, that we
Amy most expect ithportation of the articles of subsist-
Awe. The information therefore which we submit
in the Exposé of the French law, may be of essen-
tiat service to many. The farmers seem not to
know comedy what they have to apprehend
from foreign competition, and on a subject re-
,garding which so muck delusion prevails, the most
;authentic information is desirable. We hive too
'4oetg rejected the benefits derivable from the corn-
' merce of this our nearest neighbour. We have too
long cherished an opinion that France is oar natural
enemy. Man should consider none as his natural
enemy. The Maker of the universe, in rendering ---
the wants of men as well as nations, numerous and Mr. WELLE9LEY POLE, in addition
various, has created that dependence upon each pointed Master of the Mint, i 3 a Mimi
other which dictates the cultivation and interven- binet, and has attended the meetingswhich have been held during the last
tion of friendship : its offices are necessary le the three weeks, at the Foreign Office.
mutual supply of oar wants—to our very existence.) The marriage, between the Archda._
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire- and the Duchess of Omemaonoe is regarded
land, and the French empire, by their protimit, to taio. The nuptial ceremony will
L Vieono. -•.
each other, their geographical positions, the variety ,
DERESFORD ie expecte4 to sail ,
in their:respective wants, the features of their reli.
i 413 convey the PRINCE RZGENT of POITIJI
gloss, taws, add national character, and in their gsh.‘Biatili to Lisbon.
parities to supply each other's wants respectively, • •On Wednesday night, the Cherub
are competent to embrace the most sincere and lasting sent off a Portuguese Officer with
reciprocity of friendship; and to dictate happineis Vienna. .i t
to the greatest portion of the civiliied world. The ! The general reduction of the additional
of the regiments of the line did not sok-
more prosperous the subjects of either nation could turdayl as was expected.
become, the more prosperous would be the other, to Saturday the Order in Council of
the constant increase of the sum of human happiness permitting the impertation of provisilia.
in each kingdom. Experience teaches that the con. ment of duty, expired. Orders hed-liems•
quest of either kingdom, on the part of the other, the different Custom houses en thi, eon;.,
This will check "
is impossible ; and it may be presumed, neither will tcoutolldectirtltorsoluggsep.dt.7diers to
.mike known
again attempt such an ineffectual trial of strength. Polletiosi countri.kom Fran
With this impression upon our minds we feel im- calves, bop, poultry, eggsigaere, sheep,.
.pelled to make a passing, remark on atiether point, mutton, pork, hems, tongues, butter,
which has a material relation to the commerce and
toes, rice and other articles, by whidh
comforts of the two nations, and seems called for by 1 kept jowl, lw.the towns situated in the
the great bedi'dt of Hate inhabitants,
what is said regarding the pernicious practice so importation
are the duties on the undernien
common among the inferior classes, of drinking Sr. titles:—Butter sa. lid. per cwt.; bacon •
_
9'

41. i ls. of. ditto; eggs, uftl. for itiery
4s. 44d. per cwt.; lard, 7s. I Id. ditto
Is. lit& the dozen. •
The trades it Malta is stated to have
impulse from ,ituations whence it was
Thirty fire -ihips from. Mayseiltes have
thlir, CO rgo!st and received their returns,
they have taken their departure; a vessel
had entered the pqrt direct from the He
The Grecian AiFblpe lago is infested
vesselsorhicli.lark among the Wands ;
favourable opportunity board vessels, kill
cems,, 'veto. do • prise-. into, smelt-- eteelks.,
earth.' and afterWarda destroy. the vessels
fettled. . .
By a •Cirrus from the French Royal
dated the 29th.of •August, French iltip.o.
informed that the Slave Trade is restored,
under the' old arrangemoots- and Jegulutions.
On the 6th ult: a frigate of 50 guns,
and a gnn.boati were launched at Constar
the presence of the Grand Seignor and '
Officers of State. ~
esipeotlo*
. The destinations of the Fast Indite il4O, •
OD Friday, by the Committee if.Cor - - 1,.
svi.o be confirmed by the'Court orDbliaiio* Id.
nesday next, . . : ..' ' , , . -'.',',..!-I,' r.:... •• '• ' 4 .
M. TA ItLIVIIO/fl4 the day 'bete*, Att. dopilettire!,
for Vienna, dropped his flioNArtinTE titti 'al .Priaieo.•
Of -BENEVENTO, and was created by his Majestr '
. .
Prince TALLEY RAND.

•. .
A very full• account hai.tettHliblished,isi the. Ruts •
'scan Court Gazette of the gievi.loystem of •Educatioti..
introduced into•thls country by De. BELL ilia Mr. .
"ILAWCASTEI4. . • : • .111
Pursuant •to• an edict Imamd en. the 7th Install_ '
Prussian psperinotty to the 'Mount' of 1,500,000 i•
rix dollar .vrill be drawn from circulation •in•
count of Ake present year, and next year 800000
more sit) be Oantelled. •
On 'fluiridif .week, at .the Market!cross, Woke.
Wittlata•Heslam„ of Thornhill, sold ht. via
for five shilliatt, to "1944:4(4&. .

+.? -4