The Statesman.
London, England, 1818-12-28 00:00:00

.43IBRICAN AFFAIRS.
DOCUM F NTS
Iterimmtn TO TOE rassipswes IOrISAOE. AT TH%
COMMTAitiMIt•T 41Ir TOE IlleCeirO 5044014 OT Ta Fir•
TLENTR COTORNSS.

mosimito
(Crierieuert from our Paper of Saturday.,
" The Dottaration by Congress of that it'd/Tend.
*ore which they had for many years previously main-
tained, inisct, was a (measure of the hierest import.
once, and has been productive of en onenimity'and
dec.sion before unknown. This summit of firtge
wishes was only to be reached by slow and grodeoll
progress. The public mind had to be illeasined on
, the subject by their pulpits. their Praises; and
public orations. The- People were to bbl 'prey,
. for the event. When she season arrived, they c Ole
;. . knot which could not beentled. The Berierution of
' ,iollependeuce was adopted in the. Directorship of MeV
roeyrredon, on the 9th day-of July, 1816: It Wan
succeeded by enable ezpositioo of the causes that op,
sorted it, to justify, to their fellear.citisens and to
the world, the meant, they bad deliberately voted
• support with their fortunes and their Heel.
- , •." Believing the latter. Paper might be thought wov.
.01 of perusal, a translation has bees mulcted. (Ape
podia B.)
.6 The salutary influence of this bold end decisive
step was at once felt throughout the country. It
gave new life and strength to the patriotic cause, and
stability to the Government.. The victories of Cba.
cabuco and Maipo, achieved by their., of Chili and
bacons Appeal have produced and confirmed a similar
declaration of independence by the People of
which is also •nnezed—(Appendit C.)--and
cemented the cordial union, rusting between the
Confederate States. The consequence bee been, that,
within these extensive territories, there is scarcely
the vestige of a Royal army to be found, except on
the borders of Peru.

•

" Having tires, in connection with the succinct ac-
, ement given by Dr.Funes, traced the principal events,
.since the Revolution in Beenos Ayres, I shall pro-
• , coed to state the result of the information received,
. according to the hest opinion I could form of the ex-
. teat, population, Government, ■nd resources of the
United Provinces, with their productions, imports
. and, exports, trade and commerce.

" The late Vice-Royalty of Buenos Ayres, of
which that city otis the metropolis, was by many
considered the largest, as well as the most taluable
_ of all the Spanish dominions in South America, es-
tending in a direct line, from its north to its south
besudary, a distance of more than two thousand
• stiles ; end from its eastern to its western not less
than eleven hundred.

" It was composed, at the commencement of the
Revolution, of the nine provinces, or intendencies
following :—Buenos Apes, Paraguay, Cordova,
. (Selta, Potosi, La Plata, Cochabamba, La Paz, and
:„,runo.
ty, " Watered by the great River La Plata and its
numerous tributary streams, which afford ■n easy
gommunicction with countries of an immense extent,
and furnishing an easy atcess to the treasures •f
South America, it hes always been regarded by
pain as one of her most precious acquisitions. En-
* joyiltx every vari4 of climate to be found between
.t different and dlibint !attitudes, and blessed with a
slugs portion of fertile soil, it is capable of pro.
"ilucitig all that brio b • found in the Temperate or
Torrid Zones. laa►euse herds of cantle and horses
graze on its extensive plains, and constitute at this
' time their principal source of wealth. The mines of
PotOsi are also iticluded within its boaudaries. There
are no woods for a very considerable distance from
Buenos Ayres. No forest trees are to be Beet, on the
widely extended Pampas, except at intervals a soli-
' tar) umboo. After passing the Saladildo, in a
northerly direction, the woods begin, and proceeding
' in the upper prifvinces, the hills appear, and moun-
tains rise in scecession, interspersed with tallies. On
the east side of the Rivers La Plata and Parana, tha
' country is said ►o be very fine. The Entre Rios is
represented as capable of being made • garden spot ;
and the l3anda Oriental presents hills and dales, rich
bottoms, fine streams of water, and et a distance
from the river, on the banks of the smaller streams,
some excellent wood land. Between Maldonada and
Monte Video, the east ridge of the Cordilleras ter-
. 'biomes on the River La Pieta-
" Since the Revoletiei4 eve mere Provinces have
beep erected, making Its all 14 -within the limits of
• she ancient Vice-Royalty, via. Tucuman, taken from
Sslta ; Mendoza or Cupo, taken from Cordova ;
Corientes, Entre Rios, comprising the country be.
weep the Uruguay and the Parana, and the Banda
Oriental, or eastern shore of the River La Plata.—
The two last were taken from the Province of

Buenos Ayres, which was thus reduced to the terri-
tory on the south side of that river. The subordinate
divisions of the country, with the principal towns,
will be found in the Appendix to this Report, with
an account of tbe- prodoce or manufactures of the
different districll.—(Akendix D.)
•• Of the 14 Provinces into which the ancient
Vice-Royalty is now &Wed, five were, at my ale-
partner, principally occupied by the royal forces
(which, in consequence of the victory of Maipo,
•were expected soon to retreat to Lower Pera), or
partially under their influence, sly. Potosi, La Plate,
Cochabamba, La Paz, and Puno ; and the line fel•
'lowing independent de facto of Spain, were in the
'possession of the Patriots viz. Buenos Ayres, Para.
gry, Mendoza, Salta, dorientes, Entre Kios, and
'Banda Oriental. But Paraguay anti the city of *nut
-Fe act independent of Buenos Ayres, thoogb Pars-
•guay is not on onfricodly terms with them, ■nd it is
-hoped by some will before long join the Union.—
'Entre Rios and the Banda Oriental, under General
Arita:, in the character of the Chief of the
Orientals, are in a state of hostility with Buenos
'Ayres.

" Monte Videos the capital of the eastern shore,
vas occupied by a Portuguese ainly, and a srprodren
of ships war from the Brazifblockaded the ports of
Colonia and :Weldor's; end prohibited the entrance
f neural vessels, unless they paid them the same
dutios on their cargoes, that they were charged on
the importation of their goods when landed in the
country.
" '!'he territory of ll.e United Provinces is con.
pitted to contain I N.),000 squares leagues, theme' it
prohslity eiceeds that quantity. The lands occupied in
the country, remote front the Cities: are generally

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