The Statesman.
London, England, 1819-03-08 00:00:00

STA 1' F.

11 B. B Briscoe A. IM. lase Major of she BM ril.t.t•
M Paymouer of a recoultiog (lonic', lice W. R. Remo%
dacrAsed.

BANKRUPTCY IMPI.R.SF.DED.
S &moo, if Nashwodb, laeocetterwhire, doubler.
BANKRUPT.

• Hervey, jos. CMfw Cilleeersterthire. leatiatiand board•
Ms bnasr-keeper, March 17, IS. April 17, at (10.10C,C..11
Koons. Bristol. Adorning. Nam. Adliagton and Co. Ilentord-
lOW t and Mr. Mayans. Mri-tol.
M. Hendry. Kfacton•spon-111,11. merchant. March 16. 19.
April li, at use Ihrtadil Hark lovers. Hall. Atiorsies, Moan.
Kuser and Cu. Wirslett's-Inialdsags I and Meson. Frost and Ca.
_ _ _

J. Chant, Stafordsaire, Sour-441er, Mare% 30, 91,
April 17, al the Littleton's Area Ina, Pentridge. 4airord•hlre.
Atioraieo. Mr. Saadi. Walerraluaptou I aad Mews. Atm°
50.,1 l o. l mode-sheet, llolb..ra
J. H. Crow. Bristol, eorofnesot, March 13, 13. April 17. al
the Comiarrrial 111101124, Brif4ol. Anornies, Mr. I.dmesda.
EtCII.IIIIer.OIICIP. LIMOS% Inn; sod Mr. Jacque.. Bristol.
. .

T. Taylor, loadeaattll..trect,asasier•asarmer. Mardi IS, W.
at lisildh.,ll. Atamaies, Meson. 'Taylor aid
Great Jaraes•stnet, 1111,1ford-ra.

J. ,Iris, 'Sambre-row switheeld. rrctiAer. Marrs 13,
211, Aptll 17, at Gui'dlall. Attoreses, Mewl, Lane and Co.
Lawrence Poentroy lilt.. . .

J.Cev mind J. U orl,n.Ge•ler•laer, Nardi
IL V. April if. a tiriehMutll. Aitirts.ry, Mr. Ulan's*, Earl
serrer. imr,.

U. Cole. Friday-street. warehonsmenn. March 9. 16, April
11,$t GaIWWI. Asiosory. Mr. Seel, Ile,ekirrstiery.
J. Klintl lei, Stroud. Glootostenhire. tonholder, March 19.
April ihe Gist& too, Sireuid Antlrieer... Alt. Kevir,
Cireacester; aad Mr. Nla, Cook's-email, Loyola's lea.
11. mann. Itobna.k.Munrs. roalcctuther. March 19. 90.
April 17. at ;11te Vier Ina. Maarlieseer. A noraim, Mr.
ILMlClielliPf :sad Mr. SOW. haatery-'atte.
W. r aril!, sad T. Hodmma, itolion•le-Mnore, dealers in
cotton-Zara, Mama Id, lit. April 17. at 'lir Cossinermal lan,
Koltun•lri Moon. Murales, Mr. Kay. &Ikea ; aid Messrs.
Mnne and Cm Trawl,.
K.( Irrypeft. % u cot, Sowerset.hire, erthinet•maket. March
11, IS, April 17, at the Christopher lon, Bath. Ationnes, Mr.
VI jangle, Ked Liar-squer ; and Mr. Mallard, Bash.
J. Blake. green, Folsom. brewer, March 16, 23,
Aprll47, at Guildhall. Attorney, Mr. Nesehl, giae.lase.
H. Campbrll. B. Harper. awl A. 1141111e' seauclianis. %Lech
13, 90, April 17. at Guildhall. Attoruirs, Messrs. Kaye and
Co. New Kash.baildisips.
J. White ad W. beach, Dernmhire.streti, Kenaisitna,
dyers, March 19, 10, April 17, at Gufldball. Attempt', Mr.
9aisaper. Wellelinmsquare.
A. Leslie, Sise•lane, Borkitmbury, provisina.merehant,
Mairobild, gyp, Apnl 17, at Guildhall. Altornles, Wan. Oreg.
as. mid Co. Awl-emir', Thrum', ~,,, in street.
W. Market'. Ketheial-green-road, hetet I.lyer. March 19. 90,
April 17, at Guildhall. ;Morales, Messes. May sad Co. beta-
aal•prrea.road.
T. Neshert, Chequer-yard. tswitate-hill. cotton swell:mit,
Mora V. 13, Avail 17, at Liandliall. ;Mummy, Mr. Lewis,
Crotchet-triars.

W. Pogot. futiclif,klikray grocer, March 17, 40, April
17, at Goddard!. Atturirey, Mr. Heard, Hooper's-square,
tiosslosacCullells.

DIVIDENDS.

March 27, T. and M. 1... Tune Q•tren.rtrerl, Ch•ap-
ilde, uareliouqr.iwn—Mareli 29, S. bill, Ilnrbary.
iallim•chaudirr Lich li, 11. t,,odwau, Hrien.ry liara,
Marra 3), 11. Brody, Ulurler.poiate,
Flotsam, fatter— April 10. J. (:onlier, Cariboo, carpratrr
March Lill, N. C. Morriauo, c..tirt.rnarl. Oil and Cll-
- 27. J. Whliliekl. Oid.strmt, Sr. Lake's. rnial-
raerrliant— Mardi 27, Y. Mow& ellwek-slrret, tavendi.h-
aqvare, arilliaer—April TO. J. P. iworterrr
—Nardi Si. S. Lord, dolma, Surrey. 11...1,,,re—!hart, y;.
T. 'raker, Peelles. loore•draper—Slarch 1., R. Trims..
NrirdiendwrLnel-ciarrt,-Sifand.dralec —*welt 27, I Cumber,.
Boar's liead.comot, WeeroieNter. enaelvainsser—Mards Si. J.
White. l'ortleod.urert, PerOsed-plare. werefulat—Marti
W. Admen and J Lditards,Ceosberktul•-urrre, Filaru).orinarr.
rbair.inakrrs—Marrs 27, J. Nie, Tanbridge, Kew, Ilialier—
filarrb 27. I. %Mem, Catsitor.sirrre.U...f(crry-Liiat.cel,iar.
ens—Mares )3, W. Bash, Saffron N Ades, earpearer
_March 27. T. Go4frey. SaU,daball tumor!, asertkaot—April
j, T. Hoot, Hereford, forma.

CIATIIICATES—SImern 27.

P. Hewitt, BAY. Liam!hire, f..r,arr 11, (ion !•ertz. Tokyo.
bause.yard. dealer he wood—J. J. P.dJong, Ilighaase. Nark.bf.ker-11 111• Nina, Staartirsier, draper—H. St•key,
ford. CbrAire. linva draper—T. Lediard, Clreareeter. Viet*.
allen—J.(;aardner, Slapleletraagh•green.Woreestenbier.dealte
—J. Punter and K. 11ar • ink. l• loam; y•sq 'gate, macheatv. J.
W. A. pa;g*, Lure Kim, viri..merclaut.

4... 4 a. 4.1 I. 4.1 a. O. Ir. 4.1 9. O.
79 8 57 9 61 7 Si 9i el 0 {37 7j69 9

BANKS, wed PAPER MONEY in GENERA L.

Beaks end Piper Currency have necessarily grow•
out of progressive civilisation, and the increase of
trade wMse it has accompanied or given rise tee.—
These, like all other hams inventions and iostito•
tioos, are liable to abuse. It hat, indeed, been held
a doubtful point among many able philosophers, who.
titer the condition of men has been ameliorated by
the high palish society has acquired through the en-
coursed cultivation of the aria. The plailesneksee of
Geneva was thought worthy of the prise by the Ac..
demy of Dijon, for maiotaining the negative side of
the question ; and if that profound reasoner had HMI
to the present day, or bad paid as mach attention to
this subject es be did toall the others he eadertook to
write open, he midis. bare cited the use and abuse of
Banks, and the Fending System, as additional retie
soot fur the opinion he held.
11, could not have denied that they, in comae"
with the other arts of civil polity, had smoothed the
rough edge of those arms whit% barbarism wiel4ed ;
he might, however, at the same time, have insisted
that they bad also supplied ambition mod avarice with
the means of more espeditioesly depopulating pro.
winces at a sweep, though with more polished
weapons.

Almost ell the Banks of Eornpe hue originated
in mercantile views ; bet they have for the chief part
in process of time fallen In completely with those of
the Slate. Some have, In consequence, voluntarily
assumed the title of Regal, others bare bad it forced
ern them.

Though the most ample and emirate history of all
the Banks that ever existed could not apparently be
turned to soy public advantage, yet it may not be
amiss to make a cersory mention of those Banks
which have attracted the greatest Notice among the
trading part of Europe.
The Bank of Venice (Banco del Gains) was esti-
blished so early as the middle of the twelfth
century, and is in it. nature a board of public
c►edit end interest, or • gegenl end perpetual
parse for all merchants end traders. This Bank
wes established at first by a solemn Edict of
the Commonwealth, which enacted that all pay-
ments of wholesale merchandise, and letter' of
exchange, should be in bunco, that is, in Bank-
note,. The Republic of Venice, by mails of this
Bank, without encroaching on the freedom of corn.
coerce, or without paying any interest, could com-
mand five millions of decals in a case of emergency,
the sum to which the capital was limited; the Re.
public also made Itself a security for the capital.
The Banks of several of the smaller States, such
as those of Geneva and llamburgh, differ very es.
sentially to their constitetions from that already de-
scribed, and more especially from that of *or own
country. The currency of any of the smell States
can seldom consist altogether in its own coin, bet
mast be made up, in a great measure, of the coin,
of ell the neighbouring Slates with which its lobe.
Wants have a continual intercourse. These are more
properly Banks of Deposit, whose um are settee*.
lodged to be eaceediugly great as well to foreigates
as natives. States so situated will not alwajs be
able to reform their currency by reforming their coin.
If foreign bills of 'schen(' ere paid in their cur-
rency, the uncertain value of any suns, of whet in
its own nature is so uncertain, most always render
the exchange very much against such a State, its
currency being, in all foreign State!, necealsrity
valued below what it is worth. In order to r •nsedy
the inconvenience to which this dis4dvatatage .os et.
change must have subjected their merchants, sub
smell Slates, when they began to attend to the in.
tereat of trade, haye frequently riliciod, that foreign
bills of esthete(' of a certain Woe, should he paid,
net In centavo %rimy, bet by as order span, or

PRICE 7Q•

by a transfer in the books of their Bank, established
upon the ermlit, sod under be protection, of the
Mate ; each . Bank being always booed to pay, In
good mosey, @gamily •ccordiag to the standard of
Abe State. The Basks of Gowen, Hambergh, and
Nuremberg, appear all to hare been emablistlidd with
such • view, however they might afterwards have
been made subservient to other pa•peses. Tbs ma.
Dry of sock Banks being better than the CWIIBIIOO
currency of the country, necessarily boost se egio,
which wes greeter or, smaller according as the I tar-
mac, was s•pp.ued to be more or lam degraded be.
I low the standard of the State.

Th. Bank of ,Amsterdam was very little different
from arty of those %Ireful, spoken of in its minatile.
Soo. Tlttegreet geentite of dim sod atom foreign
coils, which its. vast nide brought into that city
from all parts of Europe, reduced the value of its
gurreecy.jcispitt. sloe per cent. below that of good
'rnelq fresh Troia the Mist. Sock money, however,
no sootier appeared, Chas it was melted down or car.
dell away, es it alwa's Is in loch circum.tances.—
The merchasts with plenty of currency could not
always find • sufficient quantity of good motley to
pay their bills of exchange; and the value of these
bilis, in spite of •fferal regolations which wile made
to prevent it, became in a great messier, uncestain.
To remedy these inconveniences a Bank was este.
Walled in 1609, soder the guarantee of the city. 'fitis
Brink received both foreign coin cud the light and,
worn rout of the country, at its real intrinsic n.
NO in the good standard- money of the meetly, de.
ducting only so mach ss was !Necessary for defraytot
the 'spectres of coinage and the other regular charges
of management. It was enacted, that all hills drat It
upon, or negoeisted at Auisterdanx, of ths valve of
GOO gilder+ and onwards, should he paid in Bank mo.
ney, which at once took away all uncertainly in the
value of these bills. Every m erchant, in cousequescw
of this regulation, was obliged to keep an account
with the Batik, in order to pay his foreign bills of ea.
change, which necessarily occasioned a sirloin de-
mand for Bank money. This Batik money, over sod
above both its intrinsic superiority to currency, 'ad
the additional value which this increased demand use.
cessarily gave It, had likewis some other 'chemises.
It was swore from various accidents, sod the city"(
Amsterdam was bound for it. In consequence of all
those advantsges it appears front the first to have
borne an agio ; sod it has been generally believed, that
all the money originally deposited is the Sank of Am.
sterdam, remained there; no one caring to demand
mines' of a debt which he could sell for a premises
in the market. in order to facilitate the trade in bul.
lion, the Bank has for many years been in the prac-
tice of giving credit in its books open deposit of gold
and silver bullion. This credit is generally about five
per Cool. below the saint price of such bellion.To pre-
vent the Itock.jobbieg tricks which the opposite in.
terests of those who hold receipts for bullion, and
who would necessarily wish to depress the agio; and
others on the contrary, who by owing Bank money,
and who conseqteutly would calse the ogio, the Bank.
has for many years come to a resolution to sell at
all times Bank money for currency, at five per cent.
agio, and to boy it again at four per cent. agio. In con.
soilless, dutch resole title the ogle can never either rise
above five, or sink below four per MIL sad the pro.
portion between the market price of the Bank and
that of current money, is kept at all times very near
to the proportion between their intrinsic valises.
fore this resolution was taken, the market price of
money amid sometimes to rise so high as oine per cent.
silo, and sometimes to sink es low II par, accordiog
as opposite interests happened to influence the ear-
krt. The Bank of Amsterdam prof to lend oat no
part of what is deposited with it, bat for every gilder
for which It gives credit in its books, to keep in its
repositories, the value of a gilder, either io money
or bullion. Can every Bank say as much ? That it
keeps in its repositories all the money or bullion, for
which there are receipts in force, for which it is at all
liable to be called upon, stud which, in reality, is
continually going from it and returning .o it again,
cannot well be doubted. But whether it does so
likewise with regard to that part of Its capital for
which the receipts are long ego 'spired, may perhaps
appear more uncertain. At Amsterdam, however,
no part of faith is better established, then, that for
every gilder eircileted as lisok money, there is a cot-
respondent gilder in gold or silver, to be found its
the treasure of the Bank. The Bank is (or at least
was before the Revolution, and it may be supposed
ISO alteration has been made in a matter of such im-
portance) ender the direction of the four Bergames-
ters in. office, who are changed every year. Each
new yet of Burgomasters visits the treasure, com-
peres it with the books, receives it upon oath, and
delivers It over with the same awful solemnity, to
the set *hick succeeds it ; and in that sob'r and re.
ligioss country, oaths are regarded as they ought to
be. A rotation of this kind seems alone a sufficieut
security against practices which cannot be avowed.

A "mist all the revolutions which have °crossed in
the Government of Amsterdam, the prevailing party
has at on time accused their predecessors with infi-
delity in the otlntioistrati•tn of the Batik. No ac.
rotation could have effected mere deeply the repo.
Cation and fortune n 1 the disgraced party; end if
such sccuss.ion could bele bees supported, we may
be •s4ured that it would bevy been broeght.
The whole treasure in the Book of Masterdom, is
supposed to be 33,000.0(X) of gilder', which et I t
In the poled sterling, is 3,000,000 of pounds; though
this is vastly below the estrovsgant ideas which some
people bees formed of its contained wealth.
r To be continued ]

On Therulay • Board leas held st lM Adothery,
for the admissioa of intaiid Haulms lot. Grau Is 'Lb
jlo•pii

4

•ImmummilMENiio