The Statesman.
London, England, 1821-12-10 00:00:00

SOUTH AMERICA.

T-
A variety of letters and papers were received on Sitt-
turday from Chili, up to the 19th of August—comm%-
Pleating many additional details of circumstances at-..
tending that great event—the capture of Lima—toger
tber with some particulars of the subsequent operations
of the army of.gern, ...04..ths..121h.andlitli.of August,.
... . .
when the news was made
.publie in Santiago, the city
presented the appejliudierifon universal Jubilee. Crowds...
..., .... r— - --6,
'were rontinnafft colre—ft fng round the relate of the
'chief director o,llliggins, who required the official Wei.'
ligence again and again to be read to them, accompany-.
ir git at every sentence with shoats of triumph for, the
heroes who batichieVed the independence of Peru. Oni,
the 15th a solemn Te Dung was performed in :he cathe-
dral church ofSantiiiio, at which all the authorities.
and corporate bediesassisted, and thanks • were offered
up to the Supreme Being for the benefits "bad con-
., ,
ferred on the free people of Chili. But it I
to Lima
itself we must turn• as the scene of mute still more
inteketting and important. ft has been before stolid;
'Hai the deelairatiett of the independence .of Peru
took place on the •13th of July, and this is now
cliarly'establisiief to Ike the opotaneotts'act of the prin-
cipal citizens is of im% %,.0 the 14th, a, letter was L''
ad-
dresser) by GerteralSan Martin- to the :Punta of Pacifi-
cation. whir. in-itiiiiins. *since of its suggestions, invited
7.. .
an assemble to. Aue,antuorities and . chief persons in
Lima, who adoptedosith•unanimity. the declaration ,
Independence Ai& las Pr4lei Med eat the 13th. We
have seen the pt] al *sower to Gement San Martin of '
the citizens ofiLlasa, to Width the signatures are at-
tached of. more,than 400 of thd, most eminent nobility)
and citizens of :Lima, emeding to his suggestions. TIM,
proceedings sof- the Government newly declared inde-
pendent, discorar rig One and promptitude. Oa the 16th
July„ the first Onaotte.of " Independent Peru" was is-
sued, and its commencing words are a tribute of grati-
tude to those brave men by whom that independence
hetllmen conferred. Atomic these our noble country-
tu.in, Lord cot 'vane 4 not forgotten, who is designated
as the " intrepid CoArane, who renounced the honours
of his own country to.c.onfer happiness and liberty on
the heman race." On the 18th of July, another official
Gazette, announcing the operations of the armies in the
interior. .was made public i- from which it is evident
that the fugitive Viceroy- La Serna, and the troops that
adhered to bhp, ;we& on 'the brink •of destruction. A.
letter from Biijaini, of th4l3th July, whither the pursuit
by the Independeutlercei had at that date continued,
gay s
Our enentiesvfn. die; r ffight,leave behind them in-
dubitable proofs of their atrocity.; 1 am borror•struck,
and fear to °strap truth, when I 'relate the iniquitous
acts of Radii and Valdes. Every soldier unable, by
wounds or sickness, to keep up withtlie rest, has been
shot, the officers declaring, let them perish rather than
fall into the bands of our enemies. Onr opponents, on
hearing of our - appreath, have raised their camp at
Coylla, three leagues ilititadt from this place. They have
directed their March to Oinas, on the Sierra ; our ad-
canned parties have been detached after them, who will
arrive in Coyne by to-morrow's dawn. Numbers of de-
serters are daily. cuining in to join us."
Among the distingnialied personages who remained
at Lima, to await the entrance of the Chilian army, was
the venerable 'Archbishop of Lima, between whom and
General San Martini uninteresting correspondence has
taken place, which is ablished. It confers infinite 5
ho-
-1
none on both. San artin's letter breathes reverence
fur religion, and the' rarest respect for the Patriarch,
whose stay in the citr he considers as at once the highest
proof of confidence in' his character and motives, and
the best assurance of his disinterestedness to the Peru-
clans at large. The reply of the Patriarch is highly
dignified and impressive; he acknowledges the flume-
Tons virtues of General San Martin, and the true senti-
ments of religion and humanity with which he is actu-
ated, concluding by returning thanks to Heaven for the
fortunate issue to which the recent events Lad been eon-
dolled. In the midst of this great change, Lima is said
to be as tranquil as though nothing had occurred ; and
it is most consolitarf to he able to add, that the immense
wealth of this city, probably the richest city in the
world, which hail never before been entered by a con-
lyteror, has, as far as we able to judge, been wholly
!, • vest from plunder. We learn by letters lately received,
that the Cliilian General, when he has completed the
liberation of Peril, intends to visit this country, in order
to obtain from Ministers an acknowledgment of the in-
-o,•oendence of Chili and Peru, and to arrange a treaty
of commerce with this country. He is well known to
many persons, in this country, but more particularly to
the Officers of our Army in Spain, where he served with
Illeinoion. The Doke of Wellington, in his official
dispatch of the battle of 'l'alavera, has dune justice to
his merit and bravery.

:, L. .AP.o.r.v.= I
1,
I , --
1 •
..... 40 •
•,. . t ,
i CeptTEA, NOT. 22.-41* Assenaltly.coatined 014! 641
bates on the 'project oflaw proposed
,by the Committee'
for the preventing of smuggling. A iptagklerable debate_
arose on the 4th article, by which the „formalities to be
observed when it" house is snspectJd to contain contra-

band goods; are declared mot wise neeetuntry to tht casts'
of public houses or ions, &c. ;Many Members declared
.tn..be kallrect siolation of-ths.Conatitutioar
which decrees all Spaniards to be equal in the eye of that
law. Count Torcetto, mid <several others, voice in:fa-t,
your of the article, shewieg, that 'the case of an ina
-keeper ihto whose house any person, ithether h smuggler:
it other criminal, might enter at pleatotre, was. very dif-
ferent from that of a peirate persottiltitittkit in point'
of fact, inns werostrbjec to particuliir 'rigulatioss in all
parts of Eueope, ot4ruise they would be places of refuge;
for malefaetors and bad characters of every descriptiod.,'
The itifiate 7 ester to 42.
elvraito or 23 D KOTSMIItS. ' •
The debitokon the law to prevent smuggling wat con-
Untied. 1:/ti debate on the Penal Cmie was began.
. SITTING OS 2•ITS N0V5,5104,16, I ,
The debate on the Penal Code was continued. None
of the articles- proposed; were brought forward to be
discussed separately, the debate has hitherto been on
the merits of the general qnestion. •
In the sitting of the 23d, the first article' was read
with the paragraph lately proposed by the Committee,
which runs thus ; .0 •

4* As crime is any act codoinitted or omitted, voluntarily
and wilfully, with a bad intention, end with.vinlatina of
the law, every voluntary act contrary to the Paw, ,shall
be presumed to be committed efillfittly tu-
tendon, unless the contrary be proved by the author, or
clearly appear." r , '
A long debate arose on the propriety of this definition
of a crime, end the discussion was suspended sig,,she fol.

lowing sitting. . •
Alamitr, Nov. 24.-41 re Government has received
an express from Audalusia ; we do not know the ob-
ject of it, but as n e have so much experience of the
originality with which the hot headed people, Of Se-
ville have invented the method of imitating. the hut-
headed people of Cadiz, we presume that it may re-
, late to some patriotic constitutional effort, not to re-
ceive the new Governor General sent out by the Go-
vernment, and to keep the present one, who is more to
their taste. The local militia of this city are pre-
Paring a representation to the Government, drawn op
with those 'constitutional sentiments that do honour to
the individuals composing the body. Perhaps we
may publish it to-morrow ; hut we cannot do less now
than inform our readers that the militia, and the im-
mense majority of the people of Madrid have the sense
and courage to resist the bad examples of the perverse
men who tyrannise over several capitals of the pro-
, vinces.—(Ei Irupa►tial.)
Manatio, Nov. 25.—The national loan not having
been filled up in the time appointed, it is said that the
Minister of Finance has made a contract •with, the
I houses of Ardoin and Lafitte, of Paris, and of Hope, of
Amsterdam, who are to furnish 140 millions of reals,
to be converted into inscriptions at five per cent. in-
terest ; the loss of the paper being fixed at 6Sf. 100 e„
the Dutch loan, and that of last year, being converted
into inscriptions in the same manner.
MURCIA, Nov. 20.—Yesterday au express brought
his Majesty's Royal Commands for the removal of she
Political Chief from his office, which was immediately
carried into effect, this command being taken by the
Intendant. We hope that this just measure will
check those who cherished hopes of introducing dis-
order into this city.—(Madrid Paper., Nor. 26.)

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THE STATESMAN

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