The Statesman.
London, England, 1818-10-07 00:00:00

'riff`, grr A TtgY Ati

I Tar CONGRESS. AND Tux CONSISTRNCY or
" UIGII CONTRACTING PARTIES."

- It is now more than half a century since Ait•la.
Chapelle WWI honoured Kith the presence of an as.

sembly of Statesmen, professing to have in view the
estehlishment of pacific relations between the States
of Europe. It then contained Plenipotentiaries from
England, from Maria Thriresa, Q teen of Hungary
and Bohemia, from Louis XV. of France, from the
King of Sardinia, from Spain, from the United Pro.
vinces, from the Republic of Genoa (now no more),
and from the Duke of Modena. Those Powers,
comprising the great Arbitrators of the destinies of
Europe, held long and weighty negociations, which
terminated in October, 1745, in the celebrated
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, the chief articles of which
breathe such a spirit of pure philanthropy and be-
nevolence, that we trenscribe them verbatim on the
present occasion, when, it 14 highly probable, they
Rill furnish (the first of them at least) a precedent
for the diction of our Treaty-makers now in Con-
gress assembled.
46 Art. 1. There shall he a Christian, universal,
and perpetual peace, both by sea and land, and a
sincere end inviolable friendship between the Powers
before mentioned, their heirs and successors, king-
doms, states, provinces, countries, subjects, and
vassals, of what quAly or condition soeser, without
exception of place or person, in. such a manner, that
the High Contracting Parties shall have a constant
attention to maintain between them and their said
states and subjects this reciprocal friendship and ctn.-
respondence,without permittingeither one party or the
other to commit arty sort of hostilities on any tic-
count or pretence whatever, and shunning every
thing which may tend to disturb or alter the union
now so happily re-established between them ; en-
gaging themselves on the contrary to procure, on all
occasions, whatever may contribute to their mutual
glory, interests, and advantages, withiout giving any
succour or protection, directly or indirectly, to those
who may so much as attempt to prejudice either one
or the other of the High Contracting Parties.
" Art. 2. There shall be a general oblivion of all
that has been lobe or committed during the war,

which is now pot an end to; and each party, on the
day of eschange of the Ratifications on all sides shall
be restored to the possession of all his effects, digni-
ties, etclesiavtical benefices, honours, and revenues,
which he enjoyed, or ought to have enjoyed, on the
commencement of the war, notwithstanding all the
disposals, seizures, or confiscations occasioned by the
said war."
Then follows the enumeration of the restitutions,

^ It is impossible for human ingenuity to devise
words more final and conclosive for a bond of per-
mauent amity than those employed in the first Arti-
cle of the Treaty of 1748 ; how they were under-
stood by the " High Contracting Parties" (for that
Is the way, as in the late Treaty of Paris, Treaties it
seems are to be construed), we must learn by their
subsequent acts, which furnish the most est raordina ry
illustration of pacific intentions that can be found In
the page of history. 41K404114,00
In 1748 the Treaty was signed. In 1750 (a period
of less than eight years), there was not a quarter of
the globe in which the " High Contracting Parties"
were not engaged in sanguinary wars with each other.
France and England, not only in America and India,
but in the heart of Europe; France and Prussia mu-
tually charging each other with the invasion of Ger-
many, and Austria aiming at the possession of the
dominions of the latter. It is curious to observe
the alleged causes of these several hostilities.—
For the possession of the then barren and inhos-
pitable soil of Nova Scotia, France and England
revived the war, and the Indians were instigated
to acts of outrage, which each party laid to the es-
citement of the other. In Europe, France and
Austria accused England (as Elector of Hanover) and
Prussia of lighting up the torch of war in Germany,
and overturning the laws and constitutions of the Ger.
manic Bodies, under the specious pretest of defending
the Protestant Religion from attack, but in reality
for their own aggrandizement. Prussia seized upon
Saxony awl other smaller States to protect the Reli-
gion of the People; and France and Austria in their
torn aimedjat reprisals in the territories of Prussia and
Hanover, for the purpose of securing the independ-
ence of the smaller Powers; while Russia and Sweden
entered into the views of France and Austria, in the
hope of acquiring a settlement in the west of Europe,
as the reward of their services.
Such are the acts which, in little mere than seven
years, followed' the Treaty of Ail-la-Chapelle, for
the inviolability of which such solemn pledges had
been reciprocally given. The blaze of war continued
throughout Europe, with little intermission, for a
succession of years, until the smaller Stales, w hope in.
tegrity and independence gave such a mural lustre to
the social compact of European Powers, fell in their
turn a prey to the ambition of individual despots, and
sunk into provincial degradation —.-What moral rege-
neration the approaching Congress at Aia.la•Chapelle
will work, time alone can develop.

The following is a List of the Ministers named and
deposed since the return of King FERDINAND to Spain,
which took place in May, 1814 :
MINISTERS OF STATE AND Foaatow RILLATIONL—The Duke
de San Carlos, l'on Pedro Cevallos, Don Jae Pizarro.
Mixstruts or THE INTERIOR, OR OP GRACE AND JUATICII.—
DOis Pedro Macartaz. Don Tomas Mo.,ano Don Jose Queipo
de Lana, Bishop of Meehoacan, named in thei morning nod de.
posed and imprisoned the same day at night.
AltNtrrzes or FINA NCE.—Don Christoval de Gnagora. Don
Joan Perez Villamil, Don Valligo, Don Luis Salazar,
Don Martin Garay.
MINISTERS OM WAR.—Don Heredia, General Dallas-
terns. El Conde de Campo Sagrado.
Mtats-rnas or Idatusiz.—Don Luis Salagaz, Don Jose
Flatiron.
MINISTER or Pouce.—Don Pedro Echcverria.
CHINA.—The General Harris East Indiaman,
Captain WELsTED, is arrived off Portsmouth from
China. She left the mouth of the Canton river on
the Ist April last, and brings the most favourable re-
ports of the nature of the intercourse between the
English and the Chinese. The Chinese, however, as
if the continuance of this harmony was doubted on
their parts, were busily employed in erecting forts
along the shores of the Boca Tigris, which, though
not of the most formidable description, implied the
wish to be prepared for a change of circumstances.—
Trade was geing on prosperously, and the *tory in
a healthy state.

To rex EDITOR of Tin ST4

Stn,--The disorganized state of the procedure itt the
Scottish Courts of Justice, and the distress thence
arising from piotracted and expensive litigstltio. gave,
four years ago, rise to a Royal Commission toenquire
into abuses and report upon them.
Since that time three Reports have been given into
the Commons which, I am sorry to say, after pe-
rusal with all the attention I am master of, *ill 'ne-
ver enable Parliament to afford us in these respects
substantial relief. They will not do so; for besides
being in themselves incorrect and imperfect, they bear
sot upon those prominent abuses which produces to
us so much distress. Oot of twenty easel appealed,
eleven' ate (+her, sent back as snintelligible, of re.
versed as unjust ; a fact of itself solficient to awaken
the attention of any Commons.
Nal is an acquaintance with the Law of Scotland
in any respect necessary to relieve us of so great an
oppression; and the Commons may, when they chase
it, supply themselves with the most atahenticinfor sta.
lion to enable them to do so. It is sufficient that

etch Member understands the just rights and prero•
grdives of the Commena -.that the minutest toleration
Lay hint of encroachments upon these prerogatives are
direct breaches by him of a national trust. do more or
leas in each occurring instance disliiive that connec-
tion, weaken the tie between them and the Na-
tion, and at last consign the People to a strengthen-
ing political and superseding faction, capable of either
destroying or protecting them and nine C 110,4 oat of
ten, with that very doNres• of litigation and expence
which the. tran.ifer of the Courts of Justice, into the
hands of that inteejected faction never fails to pro-
duce. _ _

can assure yon, Sir, that the very first proofs of
indication by the Commons to reinvest themselves in
its just prerogatives, the trust property of the nation
—the first instance of a jealous exercise by them of
their undoubted rights in freely and unreservedly
controuling their Courts of Jirstice, the paramount
object of their sittings—the first distinct indication
of a determination manifested by them to repel every
encroachment on the liberties of the subject, and to
prevent the national rights involved in their own pre-
rogstivee from being usurped by Courts of 1.3 w, mill
then, and not till then, supply, through legitimate
channels, the most authrntic information upon those
abuses which they feel; and then, and not till then,
will oar Judges come to respect a People, whose Re-
presents lion, alive to our complaints, will, in the mere
act of resuming their prerogatives, put them more
frequently in mind of the objects of their institution. It
is only where misunderstandings have arisen between
the National Representation and its Constituents, that
jobbing Commissions, and expensive, incorrect, and
seducive Reports, are made to supersede and stifle
the more authentic complaints of the People.—
While that Commission is in existe,nce, no person in
this country will titer think of complaining. His
apaplaiftw.witi-betentiited to the Corumissiosets, or
delayed till their reports are given in.
If a complaint to the Commons from en injured
individual is pointed, clear, and correct in fact, it mat-
ters not whether that complaint comes from Scotland
or not ; for the Commons represent Scotland es
much as it doss En ;land : nor is their unacquaintance
with the Scottidh Low, either a receivable or a valid
objection ; for ti e party complained of, however high
his situation, n n►t, out of the existing law of the
land, distinctly thaw, where the complainer had ne.
glected to avail himself of an adequate and existing
remedy. if in probing his complaints, Parliament
shall find an abuse without a remedy, that discovery
is worthy the trouble bestowed upon it.
Bet if in that investigation it shall turn oat, as in
nine cases oat of ten l pledge myself it will, that
Parliament has already done its duty—that whole-
some laws, the property of the cation, exist, hut that
'the individual's sufferiogs arise from the Statutes of
Parliament being either rescinded or sent into desue-
tude by Judges, who, with their Prince, have sworn
he give effect to them, what confidence can any per-
ion pet, after this, io either House of Parlia.
'root, who, after allowing themselves to be debarred
fog our whole national rights bold in trust by them,
late now contented to act subordinately to the Court
of Session ? The. Statutes which the Three Estates
' of Parliament make, the Court of Session rescinds, or
sends into desuetude, ■nd there is an end to the mat.
'itf. That Court, armed with legislative authority,
combined with the lash of judicial power, has driven,
in virtue of a heavy taxation imposed at every step of
the proceedings, without the sanction of the Com-
mons, almost every subject of this kingdom from the
bar of justice. These are abuses which the primary
objects of the Sittings a both Houses are to prevent.
With what patience then can we see D!OOESES sent
here with his lantern to di:gores:abases 7—a COM.
missaire, which we might with much more propriety
properly return to Westminster Hall, to discover if
a House of Commons existed, end to bring back an
elect definition of the object sad meaning of Perna•
men'.
One act of vindictive justice upon a well probed
ind well founded complaint of an injured individual
for these wrongs—nay, one mark of reprehension or
displeasure entered upon the Journals of the Com-
mons, would long since have brought Into tone •
hundred dormant and remedial Statutes—would have
brought into the Commons ample and correct in•
formation, and without one shilling @spencer to the
Nation, upon abuses as they are felt, end would even
now show, in a variety of bearings, the most pro.
minent errors in the Commissioners' Reports. It
woold show how very little their Reports bear open
the real causes of our distress.
I am, Sir, your most obedient Servant,
Edinburgh, Sept. 21, 1818. JURIDICUS.

CORN OCT. 7.--Although we have
had no fresh supply of English Wheat since Mon-
day, yet the sale of that article was very heavy this
morning, in consequence of the reduction of 54. per
tact no Flour at the close of Monday's market.—
Barley, Beans, and Peas maintained Monday's
prices, but Oats are rather cheaper, owing to the very
large arrivals of that article for *hick the demand is
bat

INTR LLIG Brivax.
Deal, OcT. 6.--Atrived and edited for the RNA'
the General Harris, from China, &r.; General El.
licit, 'Grant, from Qusfbet ; and Sales, St day*
from' Richmond; Yirginit —.Cube down from tint
Riser the Mary, Barnard, for Jamaica; fittest of
Oak, Read, for Leghorn; Criterido, Meryl foe
:New York; Trelatiney, M'lvot, for Jarhalcs I 104
dettry, King, for the Smith Seas; and the Soallow;
Ford, for Newfoundland ; the whole remold with
.the osit*ard.bennd as before; Omit the Swiato,fiti •
which has sailed.
Pou*smouyn, Oct 6 —Arrlied the John tuna;
froin Ceylon, Cape of Growl flepe, and St)
Heleosselled.€26th April, 18th J.. 1) awl 13ih
.Al,
goal. Spoke the Sspph!. from B ,mbayp. off $t Ho_
len+, and may olfrti.d here in a fets days%
Spoke Oth,Sttptenther the Seaforth from 11.100 110,i
Lit-tp olOtt lat. 2§...ft. Inoga 364 W. Tilt Sestorth
fell ip sitA a 6811 vessel io tat 4
_flint hol.rwil Eoga
lisp eoloursi on the Seiforth ley g toi tht ship
hoisted Spanish colottes, and 'again slated OA rut
another flag. fired several AA; and tdt
her boil out 10 lintird the S;.*farih, bit the Capi;
Min threatening to itssitc age ship ;ore aluyt
Leg at St. Oeleptift his Mijisty's ahr4 Conquer tit
Racoon, Mesquite, Podargus, pelf, and the
Daaid (transport). The Colrain of the • Ateripolo
died at Ascension, and Captain. 11-r4oce(late 11144
Lieutenant) was appointed ill bor.—Also arrived, tusk
galliot Gustaf Waldemar, —, from Illoshurgrt
for Cadiz, our 16 days, comes in to repair, hat;og
been struck with lightning yesterday off Penland, Its
a heavy storm. and shivered her maiii•masi. •
ISLYHOUTUt OcT 6 -,-Cattle in the tl'ene, ant
Grace, Dymond, from Galloway to London, out ‘.lt
days, want of prowirfoos ; Hope, Williams, from.
Newport to the Gulf of Venice, dut eight days, des
mageri in her rigging.---Soaeial merchant v.. 004
hound outwards, hay, been sooken iih by the
pilots off this port, and it is efpectel they will fetch
Falmouth.
NiAocinA,Scev 15.—The aose, Cnpt Anderson,
haring 1,..rd Cochrane, Ike. on board, arrived Here
on the i.27,h August, and sailed the sane day for
Colombo [User. Tile Austrian brig Le Madam de
Motile Alegre, hormd to Oporto, was.buarded off
Lisbon by an Insurgent brig privateer, which told
raptured two Portuguese vessels, the ?lymph de
Lisboa and the Luise, from Lisbon bound tit the
Brazils; and the. Portuguese schooner Maria, front
Madeira to Oporto, which lost they destro)od, and
'they pot the crews of the three vessels on board the
said Austrian brig, and ordered the Captain to land,
them here ; upwards of silty people in all. Ike
Cacodor, from thence to Lisbon, *Si plundered off
Lisbon bar by a privateer; and ordered• bads to Ma.
deira.
FALMOUTH, OCTOBER 4.—Arrived the Montague
packet, with Mails, from New York ; sailed on the
Bth, and from Batiks IGth September. Also snivel(
a Danish ship of war, from Copenhagen to the West
(tidies.

Liw.—Sitting• in and after Mich'.lehaa TPtio,
1818, before the Right llon. Sir VICARY GUM,
K (sigh', Lnrd Chief Justice of his Majesty's Court
of Common Pleas t--
1,4 TERM.

rattroLdrx.
Tuesday Nov. 10
M..ndny
Monday 43
A FTI..H
Monde• ,. Now. SO I

t,oproott.
Wednesday a @NOV. t
Pue•dsv l7
Tuesday 424
TER M.
Tue•day ...flee. I.

Lewes, Oct. 8.--Thr followittg circumstance oco
cursed at Chaney, neer this town, on Wednesday
last:—The gardener of Captain Rainier was ems
ployed in mowing a walk in his maw', psrldock„
when, on finding it necessary to quit his work for a
Short time, he filed the point of his scythe, in a slop.
ing direction, in the sod, with the sheath of counts
resting oil the erountl, and left it ; but before he re-
turned to the spot, a hare that hail beets accidentally
started Flom her seat, in the rapidity of her escipe rats
foul of the edge of the scythe, which, incredible as it
may appear, actually amputated one of her fore-legs
at the shoulder joint, and cot off e portion of ono of
her hind-legs ; not withstanding which, the poor little
etsimal, crippled and lacerated as she was, pursued
her coarse to a neighbouring copse, and was therein
soon afterwards found, and pat nut of her misery.--.
The contact was so violent, that the scythe, being well
tempered, eshbited a large gap made by the bones of
the hare.
CIIABGE of MUADER.—On Saturday last Mr.
Seville, one of the Officers of the. Privy Council
Chamber, Wtittehsll, London, arrived at 'the hear(
Police Office, Dublin, bringing in coat ody a mats
uamed ltof(et 'O'Neill, charged with having coin.
milted a murder in the county of Sligo about sit
years ego, upon, the body of a man named Matthew
Callboy. The Prisoner was brought frogs ;he
Island of Guernsey,,, and the circumstances of .his
arrest are "curious ; under the eliding laws of the
Island if' Guernsey, no warrant either from the
Judges of the King's Bench, or other Magistrates,
call be executed there, and it was found necessary
to assemble the Privy Council of 'London, and the
Prince Regent (acting for the King) to sign the
warrant. for the arrest of the Prisoner, wbo was on
SuJ
Sunday committed to Kiimainham ail, in order
for transmission to Sligo, to abide his trial at next
Assizes.
This morning, at three o'clock, a dreadful fire
broke out at Mr. Harris's. watch.maker, in Tooley.
street, which consumed that and two more Whose,
adjoining ; damaged several houses. end commoni•
cited to a stable-yard et the back, where it did comae
dersble mischief. Dreadful to relate, several persons
are missing, two of whom were taken out most
dreadfully burned this morning at 10 o'clock.
About the same time another fire broke out in the
warehouse of Mr. Eliot, of Bond-street, over some
stables, which raged most furiously backwards, Coots
sooting stud doing much damage to the warehouses of
Mr. Parry, glees-manufacturer; Mr. Bushy, India.
warehouse ; Mr. Bushy, hatter ; and Mr. Phillips,
the auctioneer, together with stabling and coach.
houses; luckily all the horses were saved.
On Monday night the house of Mr. Williams, of
Sun-court, WhitechaFel, broker, was broke open,
anti robbed et fornitere and prate to a great amoeut.

:1111 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 141.