The Statesman.
London, England, 1818-12-03 00:00:00

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" • STATE or FRAME.

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If tiliOxll tsfz DUMAN EVENING 110ST.] ,
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Cops, of a Letter heat .a Gentleman in the
lottilv of France, •reletive to the condition of that
couteryt and .be contrast wish our own. This let-
ter,-. we think, will he. peroted by roar Readers with
we much interest as we-confess MP Mt on its perusal.
—lt is the production of a man of great experience
mid accurate obsertratinn, who has been in France
ewer since the first return of the Bourbons :-
‘‘ BOortnt:Atllt. Nov. 13, 1818.—The present
state of France strongly contrasts with that of her
or,cient enemy. The vanquished•are, 1 can assure
you, much more happy than the vanquishers ; but
they are far from being contented. Expressions of
hostility apinst England are In be heard on evity
side. The People, like the Romans, after the
Force Canditoe, breathe nothing but revenge. In
this motiment the Bonapartist', the Republicans, no
Inconsiderable number, and the Royaliste—(l do
not wean the Ultras), seem all to write. Were war
to &peed on the general feeling, I am persuaded
you would not have peace for another year" And
tan it be d obted that when the inflammable mate.
vial exists in such abundance and force, the excuse
will long be wanted ?
" They are less indignant at their reverses than at
the ides of having been doped This last, as it
comPlaes their lamentation, sets them mnd—in or.
der.let .rircover their own esteem they would pet
every thing again to the hazard." This Letter, it
Will lie observed, is written in the South of Franey,
the chosen seat of loyalty; and the great hot-house of
royalism and the Bourbons.—But the material part
of the Letter comes on.
" If France," continaeS our friend, " could
target what is passed, she would he completely
happy."—This happiness, by the way, such as it is
she awes to the Revolution, and her Great Emperor.
What we are going to vet ract, will, perhaps. he read
with astonishment. But we have such entire and im-
plicit faith in the Integrity end gond sense of our
Cnrrresporeleet, that we cannot for a moment doubt
the troth of what he assert:. Speaking of France,
ht, says—" S,e certainly possesses at present more
real liberty than any oth.r nation in Europe tier
Public Institutions 110 0 )(relent, and in the present
system, if it continue, they are likely to obtain all
the melioration of which they are a .sceptible. All the
different orders of her Peopl are in a state of ease and
coalf rt not equallcri elsewhere. From e, considered as
to the mass of her inhabitants, is a nation, beyond
ionnetrison, richer than England. There is no
doubt, great weei'h concentrated in the hands of In.
tlividuals, but as far us respects the People, it might
as well be buried in the earth. They derive as little
benefit from it is the slaves that labnor in the gold
end silver mines of South America. Its England son
biee• Landed Prriptietors, who possess immense
tenures, end the revenues of Princes: you have Mer- i
chants and Manufacturers who are gorged with 1
enormous gains, hot et the same tine, toe greet body of
the People, a natural consequence, are In ostaje of
almost naked poverty, a poverty that is hopeless, be- l
cause it is the interest, end therefor* the policy of
she system that it should continue. Hence it is, we
find it always making common cause with the rich
against the poor—against the inferior and labouring
classes. AVI,t!Pli% what lately took place at Man.;
cheater * • * * • *. In that country all is mono-
poly." * * • *—We ceise to copy a few of the
succeeding setitinveyte. The Arts and Manufactures
have been usurped by a few wealthy individuals, in
constqueece of which the Labouring Classes, en-
gaged in the exercise of these arts, and who,perhaps,
fr.rm 'he 'greatest part of the population of Englend,
have been reduced to a state of daily labour and the
most absolute dependence upon emplosers, who,
Solely governed by a love of gain, do not allow them
more for their utmost ezertiens and industry, than
what is barely sufficient to maintain a miserable ex-
istence.
" In France, property is divided, and the means
of acquiring it open to all. tier la we and Insti.
tutions favour this division. Here the Arts and
Manufactures are free. Fortunately for her People,
she cannot coutend for the possession of the mar-
kets of Europe, which England is under the neces•
sity of doing, because, with her present burtheos,
she would be ruined, were she not able to retain an
universal monopoly of Commerce. In England the
exercise of the Arts is emu:reared—in France it is
stilfitscd. Fur example : there is hardly a town in
France in w-ich you will riot find a number of fa-
milies living independent and at their ease, on the dif-
ferent branches of manufactures, while in England,
a few great manufactories not only supply the in-
habitants, but half Europe —The French menu,
factures, generally speaking, are dealer, inferior, and :
the quantity wrought infinitely less ; but, at the same
time, the number of families ;who live independent
and comfortably upon the produce of those arts are
infinitely more numerous then in England. In this
last, the rich possess every thing. They occupy the
lowest and must humble walks of industry, the en.
trance to which is defended by a sense of pride, er-
roneous and unphilosaphical, perhaps, in every
country where a predominant love of gain has not
stifled every other principle. There are dairymen
&beat London, who possess !Mall, tbeusands a.
year. 4 distinguished Member of the House of
Peers sells brooms in the streets. 2.. Our friend, of
course, is not to be understood litetelly. Lord. Er-
sk'ne employs basket-boys to cry out and vend "the'
native heather of his hills." , , - i I
" * * * * * * In tholouse I reckoned no lest'.
. than 12 breweries, where the number of the inha-
- -hitatits is not great, and where beer is very little
.'iosed. In London, where it is the common drink,
. *nd where the population is more then 40 times that
_ .sraterit, there are no more than five or six ; so that
. this suet of production, which is'so little used, con-
,. tributes, in France, to give the means of a comfort.
able and independent livelihood in a centuple degree
to what it does in England. .
"This blighting monopoly, so productive of misery
in the other arts has latte'rly extended its banefel
effects to agriculture. In England, at the 'rues
(lay, a farmer hardly ever occupies less than k#
hunched acres, many of them possess much more less
than this, however, the great proprietors will sot
set. This system, first recommended by Dr. Young,
has, nu deulit, greatly incressyd thrtetenues of the i

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