The Statesman.
London, England, 1823-01-04 00:00:00

THE_STATESI

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the coast, and he the minium' Opals, Wild ihrliorilme
necessary there, is plated ea the
ate)
frontiers- . • •.
Melt
The orgaillsallea of the several meld eeseposing the
is such as to admit its expansion to a great extent, In easel
of emergency, the officers carrying with them all the light
which they possess to the ne* torpli to which they might{
be appointed. • .
With the organization of the staff, there is equal cause to
be satisfied. By the emeeentration of every branch, with itsl
chief in this city, in the presence of the department, and with
a grade in the chief military station, to keep alive and che-
rish a military spirit, the greatest promptitude in the execu-
tion of orders, with the greatest economy and efficiency, are
secured. The same vlew is taken of the Military Academy.
Good order is preserved in it, and the youth are well in-
structed in every science connected with the great objects of
the institution. They are also well trained and disciplined
in the practical parts of the profession. It has always been
foutnidifficult to control the ardour inseparable from that early
age, in such manner as to give it a proper direction. The
rights of manhood are too often claimed ; prematurely, iu
pressing which too far, the respect which is due to age, and
the obedience necessary to a course of study and instruction,
in every such institution, are sometimes lust sight of. The
great object to be accomplished is the restraint of that ar-
dour, by such wise regulations and government, as, by di-
recting all the energies of the youthful mind to the attain-
ment of useful knowledge, will keep it within a just subordi-
nation, and at the same time elevate it to the highest pur-
poses. This object seems to he essentially obtained in this
institution, and with great advantage to the Uition.
The Military Academy forms the basis in regard to science,
ou which the military establishment rests. It furnishes an-
nually, after due examination, and on the report of the aca-
demic staff, tunny well-informed youths, to fill the vacancies
which occur in the several corps of the army ; whik Olken,
who retiee to private life carry with them such attainments
as, under the right reserved to the several states to appoint
the officers, and to train the militia, will enable thew, by
affording a wider field for selection, to promote the great
object of the power vested in Congress, of providing for the
organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia. Thus, by
the mutual and harmonious co-operation of the two Covers-
mews in die execution of a power divided between them, an
object always to be cherished, the attainment of a great re-
sult on which our liberties may depend, catmot fail to be
secured. I have to add, that in proportion as our regular
force its small, should the instruction and discipline of the
militia, the great resource on which we rely, be pushed to
the utmost extent that circumstances will admit.
A report from the Secretary Of the Navy will commtmi-
cute the progress which has been made in the construction
of vessels of war, with other interesting details, respecting
the actual state of the affairs of that department. It has
been found necessary for the protection of oar commerce
to maintain the usual squadrons on the Mediterranean, the
Pacific, and along the Atlantic coast, exteading the cruises'
of the latter into the West Indies, where piracy, organised
into a system, has preyed ow the commerce of every errantry
trading thither. A cruise has also been maintained on the
coast of Africa, when the season would permit, for the sup-
pression of the slave trade; and orders have been given to
the commanders of all oar public ships go seize our own
vessels, should they find any engaged in that trade, and to
bring them in for adjudication.
In the IVest Indies piracy is of recent date, which may
explaiu the cause why other Powers have not combined
against it. By the documents commenicated, It will be
seen that the efforts of the United States to suppress it
have had a very salutary effect. The benevolent provision
of the Act, under which the protection has been extended
alike to the commerce of other nations, cannot fail to be
duly appreciated by them.,
In compliance with the act of the-laet Session, entitled,
" An Act to abolish the United States' Trading Establish-
mente," agents were immediately appointed and instructed
under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury., to
close the business of the trading-houses &mode e Indian
;ill
tribes, and to settle the accounts of the factors anb-fac-
tors engaged in that trade, a• dto execute, le Giber re-
spects, the in unctions of that Act, in the mode cribed
therein. A final report of their proceedings shaU be com-
municated to Congress as mien as it is received.
It is with great regret I have to state that a serious ma-
lady has deprived ms of many valuable citizens of Pensa-
cola, and checked the progress of some of Usage arrange-
ments which are important to the Territory... ,This effect
has been sensibly felt with respect to the Indians who in-
habit that territory, consisting of the remnants of several
tribes who occupy the middle ground between St. Augus-
tine and Pensacola, with extensive claims, but undefined
boundaries. Although peace is preserved with these In-
diana, yet their position and claims tend essentially to in-
terrupt the intercourse between the eastern and western
parts of the territory on which our inhabitants are princi-
pally settled. It is essential to the growth and prosperity
of the territory, as well as to the intercourse of the union,
that these Indians shonld be removed, by special compact
with them, to some other position, or concentrated within
narrower limits where they are. With the limited means
in the power of the Executive, instsuctions were !riven to
the Governor to accomplish this object, so far as it might
be practicable, which was prevented by the distressing
malady referred to. To carry it fully into effect In either
mode, additional funds will be necessary, to the provision
of which the powers of Congress alone are competent.
With a view of such provision as may be deemed proper,
the subject is submitted to your consideration, and in the
interim further proceedings are suspended.
It appeared that so much of the act, entitled "An act
regulating the staff of the army," which passed on the lith
April 1818, as relates to the commissariat, will expire in
April next, and the practical operation of that department
having evinced Its great utility, the propriety of its renewal
is submitted to your consideration.
The view which has been taken of the probable produc-
tiveness of the lead mines, connected with the importance
of the material to the public defence, makes it expedient
that they should be minutia with peculiar care. It is
therefore suggested whether it will not comport with the
public interest to provide by law for the appointment of an
agent skilled in mineralogy to superintend them, under the
direction of the proper department.

It is understood that the Cumberland Road, which was
constructed at a great expense, has already suffered from
the want of that regular superintendence, and of those re-
pairs which are indispensable to the preservation of such a
work. This road is of incalcalsble advantage in facilitating
the intercourse between the Western end Atlantic States.
Through it, the whole country, from die northern extremity
of Lake Erie to the Mississippi, and from all the waters
which empty into each, finds an easy' and direct communi-
cation to the seat of government, and thence to the Atlan-
tic. The facility which it affords to all military and com-
mercial operations, and also to those of the post-office de-
partment, cannot be estimated too highly. This great work
is likewise an ornament, and an honour to the nation. Be-
lieving that a competent power to adopt and execute a
system of internal improvement has not been granted to
Congress, but that such a power, confined to great national
purposes, and with proper limitations would be productive
of eminent advantages to our Union, I have thought it ad-
visable that an amendment of the Constitution, to that
effect, shoold be recommended to the several states. A
bill which assumed the right to adopt and execute such a
system having been presented for ray signature, at the last
session, I was compelled, from the view which I had taken
of the powers of the General Government, to negative it,
on which occasion I thought it proper to communicate the
sentiments which I had formed, on mature consideration,
on the whole subject. To that communication, in all the
views in which the great interest to which it relates may be
supposed to merit your attention, I have now to refer.
Should Congress, however, deem it improper to recommend
such an amendment, they have, according to my judgment,
the right to keep the road in repair, by providing for
the superintendence of it, and appropriating the money
necessary fur repairs. Surely, it they had the right
to appropriate money to make the road, they have a
right to appropriate it to preserve the road from ruin. From
the exercise of this power no danger is to he apprehended.
Under our happy system, the people are the sole and ex-
clusive fountain of power. Each government originates
from them, and to them alone, each to its proper consti-
tuenu, are they respectively and solely responsible, fur
the faithful disiharge of their duties, within their consti-
tutional limits : and that the people will confine their pub-
lic agents, of every station, to the strict line of their eon-

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stitglianal duties, there is no cane to doubt. Has
onanminicated my sentiments to Congress, Rex
irrelessilin, fit*, in the document to which I have ne
respecting the right of appropriation as distinct
(rem ;he right of jurisdiction and sovereignty over the
territory in question, I deem it improper to enlarge on [M!
'satinet here.
From the best information that I have been able to obtain,
it appears that onr manufactures, though depressed
mediately after the peace, have considerably increased,
and are still increasing, under the encouragement given
them by the tariff of 1816, and by subsequent laws. Si:.
lisfied I am, whatever may be the abstract doctrine is,
fitrAur of unrestricted commerce, provided all nations'
.woOligd concur in it, and it was not liable to be interrupted,
by war, which has never occurred, and cannot be expecttii,
that there are other strong reasons applicable to our situa-
tion tied relations with other countries, which impose on•
as the obligation to cherish and sustain our manufactures.
Satisfied, however I likewise am, that the interest of
every part of one Union, even of those most benefitted by
manufactures, requires that this subject should be touched
with the greatest caution, and a critical knowledge of the
affect to he produced by the slightest change. On full
consideration of the subject, in all its relations, I am per-
suaded, that a further augmentation may now be made of
dm duties on certain foreign articles, in favour of our own,
and without affecting, injuriously, any other interest. For
pore precise details, I refer vou to the communications
which were made to Congress 'during the last session.
So great was the amount of accounts for monies advanced
during the late war, in addition to others of a previous date,
which in the regular operations of the Government necessa-
rilly remained unsettled, that it required a considerable
length of time for their adjustment. By a report from the
First Comptroller of the Treasury, it appears that, on the
4th of March, 1817, the accounts then unsettle.) aumanted
to 103,068,876 dollars 41 cults. of which, on the 30th of
September of the present year, 93,173,300 dollars and *0
cents. had been settied ; leaving on tlu..t day a balance un-
settled of 0,893,479 dollars iii cents. That there have been
drawn from the Treasury, in paying the public debt, and
sustaining the Government in all its operations nod disburse-
ments, since the 4th of March, ISI7, 157,199,N0 dollars
and 06 cents. the accounts for which have been settled to
the amount of 137,301,4.31 dollars and 12 cents. leaving a
.balance unsettled of 10,697,9 P)) dollars and 84 cents. For
precise details respecting each of these balances. I refer
to the report of the Comptroller, and the documents which
accompany it.
From this slew, it appears that our commercial differences.
with France and Great Britain bare been placed in a train of
amicable arrangement, on conditions fair and honourable, in,
both instances, to each party; that our finances are in a
'very productive state, our revenue bring at present fully•
competent to all the demands upon it ; that our military force
la well organised in all its branches, and capable of render-'
ing the moat important service, in case of emergency, IMO
its number will admit of; that due progress has been made,:
under existing appropriations, in the construction of fortifies-,
._lions, and in tho• operation of the ordnance department;
-._lions,that due progress has, in like manner, been made in the
construction of ships of war; that our navy is in the best
condition, felt and respected iu every sea in which it is em-
ployed for the protection of our commerce; that our manu-
factures have augmented in amount, and improved in qualiq ;•
!that great progress has been made in the settlement of at--
counts, and in recovery of the balances due to inkivideale ;
and that the ut:nost economy is secured and obss•rved iu every
department of the administration. s • •
Other objects will likewise stains your attentieet.ingraslin!
1 the station which the United States hold, as a sambirl
of the great community of nations, they have rights utai
maintain, duties to perform, and dangers to encounter. , !
A strong hope was entertained that peace would, era Ns.
have been muddled between Spain and the independiAn
Governments south of the United States in this hemisPhire.
Long experience having evinced the competency of tinge
Governments to maintain the independence which they had
• edited, it was presumed that the mausideratioas which la-
Ahmed their recognition by the United Sates, would We
had equal weight with other powers ; and that Spain
yielding to those magnanimous feelings of which het Money
furnishes so many examples, would have terminated. on that
basis, a controversy so unavailing, and at the same time so
destructive. We still cherish the hope that the result will
not long be postponed.
Sustaining oar neutral position. and allowing to each 'tarty,
while the ear continues, equal rights, It is incumbiet on the
United States to claim of each, with equal rigour, the faith-
ful observance of our rights, according to the well-known
law of nations. From each, therefore, a like co-operation
is expected in the suppression of the piratical practice wl.ich
has grown out of this war, and of blockades of extensive
coasts on both seas, which. considering the small force em-
ployed to sustain them, have not the slightest foundation 141
rest on.
Europe is still unsettled; and although the war, long .me-
naced between Russia and Turkey, has not broken out, there
is no certainty that the differences between those Powers
will be amicably adjusted. It is impossible to look to the
oppressions of the country, respecting which those differ-
eaves arose, without being deeply affected. The mention of
Greece tills the mind with the most exalted sentiments, and
arouses in our bosoms the best feelings of which our nature
is susseptible. Superior skill and refinement in the arts.
heroic gallantry in action, disinterested patriotism, enthu-
siastic zeal and devotion in favour of public and personal
liberty, are associated with our recollections of ancient,
Greece.
That seeli a country should have been overwhelmed, and
so long hitideri, as it were, from the world, under a gloomy
despotism, has been a cause of unceasing and deep regret to
generous minds for ages past. It was natural. therefore,
that the to-appearance of those people in their original cha-
racter, contending in favour of their liberties, should pro-
doee that great excitemeut and sympathy In their favour,
which have been so signally displayed throughout the United
States. A strong hope is entertained that these people will
recover their independence, and resume their equal station
among the nations of the earth.
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A great effort has been made in Spain and Portugal to
improve the condition of the people, and it must be vilely'.
consoling to all benevolent minds to see the extraordinary
moderation with which it has been conducted. That it may
promote the happiness of both nations, is the nrdeot wish of
this whole people, to the expression of which we confine
ourselves; for, whatever may be the feelings or sentiments
which every individual under our Government has a right to
Indulge and express, It is nevertheless a sacred maxim.
equally with the Government and people. that the destiny
of every independent nation, int, what relates to such im-
procements, of right belongs, and ought to be left, .exclu-
sively to themselves.
Whether we reason from the late wars, or from those me-
nacing symptoms which dew appear in Europe. it Is manifest
that, if a convulsion should take place iu any of those coun-
tries, it will proceed from causes which ha►e no existence,
and are utterly unknown in these states, in which there is
but one order, that of the people. to whom the sovereignty
exclusively belongs. Should war break out in any of those
countries, who can foretell the relent to which it may be
carried, or the desolation which it may spread? Exempt as
we are from these causes, our internal tranquillity is secure ;
and dis►ant as we are fro, die troubled scene, and faithful to
just principles in regard to other powers, We might reason-
ably presume that we • should not he molested by them.
This, however, ought not to he cnictllnted on as certain.
Unprovoked injuries are often inflicted. and even the pecu-
liar felicity of our situation might. with some, be a cause
for excitement and aggression. The history of the late
wars in Europe furnishes a complete demonstration, that no
system of conduct, however correct in principle, can pro-
tect neutral Powers from injury. from any party ; that a de-
fenceless position, and distinguished love of peace, are the
surest invitations to war; end that there is no way to avoid
it, other than by being always prepared and willing, for
just evuse, to meet it. If there be a people on earth whose
more especial duty it is to be at all times prepared to defend
the rights with which they are blessed, and to surpass all
others in sustaining the necessary burdens, and In submitting
to sacrifices to make such preparations, it is undoubtedly the
people of these States.
When we see that a civil war of the most frightful cha-
racter rages from the Adriatic to the Slack Sea; that strong
symptoms of war appear in other parts, proceeding from
causes which, should it break out, may become general,
ant•be of long duration ; that the war still continues between
Spain and the Independent Governments, her late provinces,
in this hemisphere; that it is likewise menaced between

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Portugal and Brazil. in consequen, e of the atte apt of the
'latter to dsm •n.ber i:selt :.o n the former ; and th tt a systeni
of piracy, of great extent, is maintained in the nelghhour- .
in; seas, whirl' mill require equal vigitance and decisioe to
suppress it, the reasons for sustaining the attitude which we
now hold, and for pushing forward all our measures of de-
fence with the utmost vigour, appear to me to acquire new
force.
TM Linked States owe to the world a great example, and
by means thereof, to the cause of liberty and humanity a
Generous support. They have so far succeeded, to the intl.-
factiom of tlie'-vireema and enlightened of every country.
There is no reason to doubt that their whole movement wilt
be regulated by a sacred regard to principle. all our institu-
tions being founded on that basis. The ability to support
our own Cause. under any trial to which it may be exposed,
is the great point on which public solicitude rests. It II: s.
been often charged against free governments, that they have
neither the foresight nor the virtue to provide, at the proper
season, for great emergencies: that their course is improvi-
dent and expensive: that war will always find them unpre-
pared; and, whatever may be its calamities, that its terrible
warnings will be disregarded and forgotten as soon as peacii
returns. I have full confidence that this charge, so far as
relates to the United States, will be shown to be utterly des-
titute of truth. JAMES MONROE.
Washington, December 3, IS2?.

PRICE OF STOCKS Tills
Bank Stock .243 E 401
Aper Ct. Red .... ... - .. !
8 per Ct, Cons shut
31 per Ct
4 per rents. IEI 96.!
New Fonts ' ...hat
6 per Ct. 1707
Lons.Ann ... .. 9Ol
Imp. 8 per Ct
Irish 6 per Cents

DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
India Stock
Ditto Bonds s. s 48s. pm.
South Sea Stock...
South Sea Um, Ann
Ex.Bill.2d. j sBs Ms pm
1000/. S

500/. R 85 lOs pm.
Small Os Ss lisps,.
Con. for tact... 6180 j 816 fit
I.ottory•Tickels....27l. 195..

Cut *tatcontan.

LONDON:
RVENING, JANUARY 4, 1823.

STOCK EXCHANGE. HALT-PAST TOMAS O'CV.CK.—
Consols opened this morning at MI to 81, at which price
they remain steady. Two expresses have arrived this
morning fretsleos, stating the French funds 831., 70e..
which ianlMitfteM tents worse than the last price ; but
latiegiug imeibereews of importance. The opinions are
various this morning concerning the Columbian loin.
Illysiome it gliiregined that eventually the Columbian
I I .
COvermacut most ratify the loan, otherwise their cre.lit
will•lts lostig this country. Another opinion prevail •
that they are waiting first the acknowledgement of their
Republic by our Government, and the moment that takes
splateiithey will ratify the above loan. At all events it
,Itaubad the effect ot lowering Columbian Stock, which
latieff yesterday at 67—and this morning it is 66.
Pommel Matterr.— Very little business is doing here
-this morning ; the chief transactions are in Colombian and
'Nei iipinith Bondt, Which are rather heavy, owing to the
`.c!l,otitblan Afabijkliviti having arrived, without bringing
'',4is taill(eitOoll of tiiiit ibove loan.
Cl4ll.7s),,,Amatflpitivlsh, 641 s—Old, 623—New Prra-
---gr
iiikr, 831, ex die._ .-- 4,B4B6—Russian, We—Danish. SS V
-1410zuhlen. TV— • vise, 77—Neapolitan, lb ex di v.-
411. Ish Scrip tO5 '
. Cetiosoblaa Bonds us getting up; the Colombian Charo
'44.6eira Is thisspinent with the Contractors. Colombian
•___—......--- •
I
'Paris papers to the 2d instant have arrived, but they
contain no intelligence of importance, and what is now
enamel, they ire as barren of political speculation.—
On the 24th ult. M. Juanes, a relation of the Spanieh.
Minister San Miguel, passed through Bayonne on his
'ilrei. Oaris. It is said that he cornea on an important
mission to.tlse French Government. A courieroleApatch-
ed by Mr. Rothschild for Madrid, has been robbed by
banditti et Arretebaballeta, in Guipuscoa, and obliged
to return ct Bayonne. The courier -who left Bayonne
.on the 2tlth for Spain was also stopped, and his de.
spatiloes bend; Two papers of opposite principles, the
Ultra Mille aid the Liberal Journal dr Commerce. are
'under proseitiii4 Tor a libel on the Royal dignity of
the King of France, translated from the Spanish paper
' called the indicator. The Journal do Commerce copied
the article how the poi/e.

Lord Francis Conynghant has been appointed by Mr.
.Casloiag his Under Secretary.—(Morning Citron.)
Mr. Navenga, the new Minister from the Kepoblic of
Colombia, has arriyed by the Jamaica packet, and is ex-
pected is town this day.
On ThUrsday night, Mr. Robinson, the King's Mes-
senger, arrived in Dawning-street, with despatches from
Sir Wm. A'Court, our Minister at Madrid.
Frankfort papers to the 20th ult. arrived late last
night. Titelv Cobtents nre of some interest ; especially
os fat as they relitte to the disasters (Attie Turkish fret,
end Chit feu of the Sultan's late favourite, Haleb Effendi,
.whoieliadieltaletto have been planted on the walls of
the Setiklto: This intelligence was brought to Odessa
bytheeaptainh of several merchant ships that left Con-
stantinople on the 28th of November. They stated
that the Turkish capital was comparatively tranquil at
that period, although the destruction of part of the beet,
and .the escape of duly sixteen large vessels into the sea
of Maumee were known. The Sultan had given imme-
diate orders to decapitate ail the superior officers on
boarditictie vessel., and on the 28th their heeds had ar-
rived, together with those of Haleb-Effendi, the late
Grand Vizier, the Director of Cistoms, the Caphan Bey,
and others. Hakb•Effendi's two bankers, the one a Jew
and the other a Greek, had been sent to the prison of
the Bostanai !Sochi, to be put to the torture, in otdet
Po obtain• from tbt•m an ;termini of their master's trea-
sures. Tke triumph of the Janissaries was therefore
complete, and the only thing which was supposed to
have saved the life of the Grand Seignior (for the sacrifice
of his friends world not have been sufficient) was the
delicate health of ids son; for a superstitious belief pre-
railed that the Ottoman Empire would perish when a
successor to the throne should fail in the Imperial line.
—The King of Naples has issued two decrees from Ve•
tons; the one forbids the importation of foreign corn
into his continental dominions, and the other raises the
duty on foreign books from •*2i per cent., which was paid
on the declared value, to 3 carlius per volume for duode-
cimos and octavos, 6 for quartos, and 9 for folios. This
enormous addition is nearly equal to a total prohibition,
and is certainly meant to produce the effect of one,
without incurring the odium which would &tufa to its
name.

A cotemporary states that Don Juan Jabal, the new
Minister from Madrid, and the Spanish Mission, togi-
ther with the Duke of Wellington, Lord Fitzroy Somer-
set, and a distinguished party, dined with Mr. Canning
on Thursday, at Olocester-lodge. The saute paper im-
mediately slterwards inserts the following paragraphs.
which makes the Duke dine at Stratlifteldsay on the same
day :—The Duke and Duchess of Wellington are now at
Strathfieldmy. On Thureday, they had a party; and on
New Year's day their °races entertained a Juvenile
circle.
Mr. Scarlett„ accompanied by several of the leading
gentlemen of Peterborough, has this week been canvas-
clog the citizens.—(Stmlford -News.)