The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-11-18 00:00:00

'TARIETIES.

CON bmium,ez-In what condition should persons ba who
travel on the railway ? Wide awake / because the carriages
run over the sleepers.
Dr. Johnson, when in the fulness of years and knowledge,
said, " I never take up a newspaper without finding some-
thing I should have deemed it a loss not to have seen ; never
without deriving from it instruction and amusement."

MARRIAGE : A HINT TO BACHELORS.—The Poor-Law
Commissioners observe, in the Sanitary Report, that " mar-
riage improves rather than diminishes the probability of life."
—[Mr. Chadwick is undoubtedly a bachelor.]

" I say, Jem," said a ploughboy the other day to his com-
panion, " I know of a new fashion Mackintosh to keep out
the wet." " What's'tliat ?" " Why, if you eat a red her-
ring for breakfast you'll be dry all day."
A CROWDED 'Housß.—l never played to a full house in
Dublin, says Mathews, but once, in Crow-street, and then
they knocked down the door-keepers and got in for nothing.
—Bunn's " Stage."
A RAKE.—A captain of a vessel loading coals went into
a counting-house, and requested the loan of a rake. The
merchant, looking towards his clerks, said, " I have a num-
ber of them here ; but none of them would wish to be hauled
over the coals."

STING OF THE BEE.—It may not be generally known that
whitening proves an effectual remedy against the sting of a
bee or wasp. The whitening is to be moistened with cold
water and immediately applied. It may be washed off in a
few minutes, when neither pain nor swelling will ensue.
A RECOGNITION !—Sonic time ngo two old women from
the country met in the streets of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
Thinking that they knew each other, yet not being perfectly
certain. one of them at last broke silence and exclaimed,
" Oh, hinny, ye thowt it was me, and aw thowt it was ye,
and it's neither on us.
Montpelier is situated on a bill, at the foot of which runs
the little river Lez. Some pretend that this particular spot
was fixed in honour of two females, whose sanctity induced
them to seclude themselves from the world in a kind of her-
mitage, and that the mountain on which the city was thence
called Mons Puellarum, the hill of the maidens.

A wealthy butcher was playing the game of ecarte a few
evenings since at the mansion of a city alderman, when a
lady, who was betting on the game, leant over the back of
his chair, and innocently asked a friend opposite, " How are
stakes now ?" Mr. —, wholly absorbed in the game,
quickly returned with the reply, " Very cheap ; rump stakes
are now, madame, but a shilling a pound."
THE MARCH OF INTELLECT:" You be going home,
ba'ant'ee, zur," said Brooks, the other day, to a young per-
son who was about to visit Wales. " Yes, Brooke," was
the reply. " You do go by staim, on the water, don't
ee ?" " Yes." " Well, now, I never seed a staimer, but
do they swem like other sheps?" " Swim 1 no ; they go
along upon wheels." "On wheels, aye ? So I've heard?
mortal big wheels they must have to touch the bottom of the
sea, zur. I should very much like to see a staimer.—Somer-
set Gazette.
- -

EPITAPH, AND REPLY TO IL—ln the Vicarage of Croft
Wakefield, there is a tomb-stone with the following epitapl
inscribed upon it :
' " Remember me as you pass by :
Its you are now so once was 1 ;
As I am now so must you be,
Therfore prepare and follow me."
Under which the following has been written with chalk :
" To follow you I'm not content,
Unless I knew which way you went."

A PERUVIAN EDITOR.—The editor of the Washingtonian
temperance paper, published at Canton Ohio, gives the fol-
lowing description of Mr. Pike, a former partner of his, but
now editor of the Circleville Watchman :—" Mr. Pike and
I published a newspaper, in 1837, among the Miami Indians,
in the state of Indiana. It was a great partnership that. We
had two advance paying subscribers, one who liquidated his
subscriptions with white beans, and the other with saw logs.
Godfrey, the chief, took five papers, and could not .read a
word. Our paper was called the ` Peru Forester,' and being
printed in the woods that title was appropriate. The town
of Peru had many magnificent names for its streets, such as
Pearl, Broadway, &c., which streets exhibited the animating
and bustling spectacle of stumps, trees, acd weeds, as high
as a man's head. The stirring events which transpired in
this interesting city imperiously demanded a couple of chro-
niclers, and Pike and I were at hand to discharge that im-
portant function. Pike wrote poetry, and I dipped consi-
derably into state politics, and discussed in a learned man-
ner every question of interest to the few settlers and Indians.
Pike was a queer fish. He bad more irons in the fire than
any mar, I ever knew. Besides being editor and printer, he
kept the Broadway Hotel, was postmaster, justice of the
peace, land agent, pettifogger, canal contractor, merchant,
overseer of the poor, painter, had been a schoolmaster and a
day labourer, was twice a widower, was brought up a Qua-
ker, and the last time I saw him he was a baptist preacher,
had married a third wife, was an auctioneer, and what more
I know not ! "

MlNN.—Music must have been the gift of God. Man
did not communicate to the extended wire its vibrations;
man did not give to the surrounding air its undulatory mo-
tion ; man did not organize the ear to such exact responsive-
ness, or the brain to such acute sensibility of what the ear
conveys. Man could not have made music, had God not
intended it. The power was his, and the gift was his ; man
has possession, and thinks it his own. It administers to his
pleasures, it buys him applause of men, it feeds his unhal-
lowed passions, drives away thought, and helps to make him
happy, in forgetfulness of what he is, and is to be. For these
purposes, the worldly parent, if she find talent in a child,
takes possession of it, expends upon it no small portion of
another talent committed to her keeping, and occupies with
it a fourth, or a sixth, or an eighth part of her children's
years of youth,—perhaps the only years that ever will be
theirs,—and her heart never misgives her, that she has per-
verted the gift, or defrauded the Giver of this talent. The
Christian mother follows her example, though not with the
same motive. The talent is now divested of all unhallowed
purposes and dangerous effects. It is acquired, without va-
nity, and used without ostentation. Instead of leading the
young performer into company, to exhibit. herself for admira-
tion, it now contributes to make the excitement of mixed
society unnecessary, uy supplying her with innocent amuse-
ment at home. Never let the listener be supposed to say a
word against the use that is made, in such families, of this
delightful talent—the evening recreation of a well-spent day,
the home festival of domestic cheerfulness and affection, or
the solace, perhaps, of some anxious, lonely boor. I be-
lieve, that music stands thus in many families, entirely
divested of every injurious application, and administering to
one part of the Creator's purpose—the happiness of man.
But I do question if it is made anywhere„ so much as it
might he, subservient to the other—the service and honour
of the Giver ; or even to the first, in the best and highest
sense of the word, happiness.—The Listener; by Caroline
Fry.

LIONS IN AFRICA.—Our journey lay over a wild and
dreary country, inhabited by Balalas only, and but a sprink-
ling of these. On the night of the third day's journey, having
halted at a pool (Khokhole,) we listened on the lonely plain
for the sound of an inhabitant; but all was silent. We could
discover no lights, and, amid the darkness, were unable to
trace foot-marks to the pool. We let loose our wearied oxen
to drink and graze • but, as we were ignorant of the character
of the company with which we might have to pass the night,
we took a firebrand, and examined the edges of the pool, to
see, from the imprints, what animals were in the habit of
drinking there ; and with terror discovered many spoors of
lions. We immediately collected the oxen, and brought
them to the waggon, to which we fastened them with the
strongest thongs we had ; having discovered, in their appear-
ance, something rather wild, indicating that, either from
scent or sight, they knew that danger was near. The two
Barolongs had brought a young cow with them ; and though
I recommended their making her fast also, they very hu-
mouronsly replied, that she was too wise to leave the waggon
and oxen, even though a lion should he scented. We took
a little supper, which was followed by our evening hymn and
prayer. I had retired only a few minutes to my waggon to
prepare for the night, when the whole of the oxen started to
their feet. A lion bad seized the cox, only a few steps from
their tails, and dragged it to the distance of thirty or forty
yards. where we distinctly heard it tearing the animal, and
breaking the bones, while its bellowings were most pitiful.
When these were over, I seized my gun ; but, as it was too
dark to see any object at half the distance, I aimed at the
spot where the devouring jaws of the lion were heard. I fired
again and again, to which he replied with tremendous roars,
at the same making a rush towards the waggon, so as exceed-
ingly to terrify the oxen. The two Barolongs engaged to
take firebrands, advance a few yards, and throw them at him,
so as to afford me a degree of light that I might take aim,
the place being bushy. They had scarcely discharged them
from their hands, when the flame went out, and the enraged
animal rushed towards them with such swiftness that I had
barely time to turn the gun. and fire between the men and
the lion ; and providentially the ball struck the ground im-
mediately under his head, as we found, by examination, the
following morning. From this surprise he returned, grow-
ling dreadfully. The men darted through some thorn bushes
with countenances indicative of the utmost terror. It was
now the opinion of all, that we had better let him alone if he
did not molest us. Having but a scanty supply of wood to
keep up a fire, one man crept among the bushes on one side
of the pool; while I proceeded, for the same purpose, on the
other side. I had not gone far when looking upward to the
edge of the small basin, I discerned, between me and the sky,
four animals, whose attention appeared directed to me by
the noise I made in breaking a dry stick. On closer inspec-
tion, I found that the large, round, hairy headed visitors
were lions; and retreated, on my hands and feet, towards
the other side of the pool, when, coming to my waggon driver,
to inform him of our danger, I found him looking, with no
little alarffi, in an opposite direction, and with good reason,
as no fewer than two lions, with a cub, were eyeing us both,
apparently as uncertain about us as we were distrustful of
them. They appeared, as they always do in the dark, twice
the usual size. We thankfully decamped to the waggon, and
sat down to keep alive our scanty fire,-while we listened to
the lion tearing and devouring his prey. When any of the
other hungry lions dared to approach, he would pursue them
for some paces with a horrible howl, which made our poor
oxen tremble, and produced any thing but agreeable sensa-
tions in ourselves. We had reason for alarm, lest any of
the six lions we saw, fearless of our small fire, might rush in
among us. The two Barolongs were grudging the lion his
fat meal, and would now and then break the silence with a
deep sigh, and expressions of regret that such a vagabond
lion should have such a feast on their cow, which they anti-
cipated would have afforded them many a draught of luscious
milk. Before the day dawned, having deposited nearly the
whole of the carcase in his stomach, he collected the head,
back-bone, parts of the legs, the paunch, which he emptied
of its contents, and the two clubs which had been thrown at
him, and walked off, keying nothing hut some fragments of
bones and one of my balls, which had hit the carcase instead
of himself. When it was light we examined the spot, and
found, from the foot marks, that the lion was a large one,
and had devoured the cow himself. I had some difficulty in
believing this, but was fully convinced by the Barolongs point-
ing out to me that the footmarks of the other lions had not
come within thirty yards of the spot ; two jackalls only had
approached to lick up any little leavings. The men pursued
the spoor to find the fragments, where the lion had deposited
them, while he retired to a thicket to sleep during the day.
I had often heard how much a large hungry hoe could eat ;
but nothing less than a demonstration would have convinced
me that it was possible for him to have eaten all the flesh of
a good heifer, and many of the bones ; for scarcely a rib was
left, and even some of the marrow-bones were broken as if
with a hammer. Much has been written about African
litenisr, ~aracter but the half has not been told. The following trait in
may not be intrusive, or partaking of the
marvellous, with which the tales of some travellers are said
to abou
• I give it as received from men of God, and men
who have been experienced Nimrods too. The old lion when
in companythough they are with his children, as. the
.natives call them,
nearly as big as himself or when numbers
together happen to come upon '
creeps to the object, while upon game, the oldest or ablest
if he be successful,
wriiheiille the others crouch on the grass :
generally is, he retires from his
victim, and lies down to breathe
quarter of an hour ; in therest, forperhapsa
meantime,ret!the and .
the others draw around,
and lie down at a respectful distance.
When the chief has
got his rest, be coinn.ences at the abdomen and breast; and,
after making havoc with the tit-bits of
the
carcase, he will
take a second rest, none of the others
P
Having made a second gorge, he othersretires,rtehseninilwatchingg to more.
his motions, rush on to the remainder, and it is
soon
de-
voured. At other times, if a young lion seizes the prey and
,
an old one happens to come up, the younger retirestillthe
elder has dined. This was what Africaner called better
manners than those of the Namaquas (who abandon their
aged parents.)—Tait's Magazine; Art. Moffat's Missionary
La4o4r., in Africa.

. .
It is impossible for an additional blade of corn to epring
from the earth, for a new product.to be created by industry f
or a new fact to be discovered by philosophy, without a con•
sequent benefit resulting through the whole chain of civilised
connexion.—Sir C. Morgan.

MATRIMONIAL STATISTICS.—The following statistics of
the ages of the 121,525 women married in Paris in the course
of the last 18 years is given by one of the journals as having
been verified by the registers of the Etat Civil. Between 12
and 15 years old there were 811 ; at 16 years, 1,920 ; at 17
years, 3,959 ; at 18 years, 5,816 ; at 19 years, 6,957 ; at 20
years, 7,610 ; at 21 years, 8,047 ; at 22 or 23, between 7,000
and 8000 ; at 24 or 25, upwards of 6,000 ; but at 26, 27, and
28, they scarcely exceeded 5,000. This decreasing progi•ession
goes on, so that up to 31 years there were only 3,651 ; thence
to 41 years. 1,798 ; at 42 years, 1,015 ; at 48 years, 586 ; at
56 years, 226; at 60 years, 126; and during the 18 years
there were 578 marriages of women aged 61 years and up-
wards. Another account shows that out of 1,000,000 mar-
ried in Paris, 521,653, being more than one-half, were mar-
ried before the commencement of their 26th year.—Galig-
nani's Messenger.
THE Conic TREE.--This useful production is known in
Spain by the name of " Alcornoque." Though of a very
different appearance to the oak, it furnishes a wood of the
same grain, and produces acorns not so bitter as ours, and
which, as an article of food, the poorer classes do not always
abandon to the hogs. It grows to the height of our apple
tree, and spreads its branches much in the same manner, but
the trunk is of much greater dimensions, and the foliage of a
much darker hue. Its trunk and branches are covered with
a thick ragged bark, which would seem to indicate disease ;
the trunk alone, however, furnishes a bark of sufficient
thickness to be of use in the arts. It is first stripped away
in the month of July, when the tree is fifteen months old,
but then it is of no use but to burn, and is only removed for
the sake of producing a stouter growth. In the course of six
or eight years the inner bark has grown into a cork of mar-
ketable quality, and continues to yield at similar intervals for
more than a century.
AN EASTERN TYRANT.—Having discovered an intrigue
between a baker's daughter and a Hindoo, he ordered both
parties to be baked in the oven, although in his own person
he held out the worst possible example to his subjects. It
is, however, to be doubted if be is altogether in his senses.
His acts of tyranny are so audacious and so numerous, that
I have never ceased to congratulate myself at having passed
so successfully through his kingdom. In espionage he even
appears to surpass the Chinese. From these men I received
an account of the horrid dungeons in Bokhara, known by
the title of " Kuna-Khanu„' Kuna being the name of the
creatures which attach themselves to dogs and sheep
(Anglice, ticks,) and which here thrive on the unhappy
human beings who are cast in among them. The dungeons
also abound in scorpions, fleas, and all kinds of vermin ; and
if human subjects happen to be deficient, goats, or the en-
trails of animals are thrown in to feed them : so that the
smell alone is in the highest degree noxious. One day suf-
fices to kill any criminal who is cast into these horrid dens;
and a confinement of a few hours leaves marks which are
never effaced in after life. The situation of the dungeon is
below the ark or citadel in which the king resides.—Burnes'
, Cabul.

THE PENALTIES or FAME.—After dinner we went down
to the railroad again, and took our seats in the cars for
'Washington. Being rather early, those me❑ and boys who
happened to have nothing particular to do, and were curious
in foreigners, came (according to custom) round the carriage
in which I sat, let down all the windows, thrust in their heads
and shoulders, hooked themselves on conveniently by their
elbows, and fell to comparing notes on the sublect of my
personal appearance, with as much indifference as if I were
a stuffed figure, I never gained so much incompromising
information with reference to my own nose and eyes, the
various impressions wrought by my mouth and chin on dif-
ferent minds, and how my head looks when it is viewed from
behind, as on these occasions. Some gentlemen were only
satisfied by exercising their sense of touch ; and the boys
(who are surprisingly precocious in America) were seldom
satisfied even by that, but would return to the charge over
and over again. Many a budding president has walked into
my room with his cap on his head and his hands in his pockets,
and stared at me for two whole hours ; occasionally refreshing
himself with a tweak at his nose, or a draught from the water-
jug ; or by walking to the windows and inviting other boys
in the street below to come up and do likewise : crying " Here
he is 1" " Come on !" " Bring all your brothers !" with
other hospitable entreaties of that nature.—Dicken's Ameri-
can Notes.

The late Theodore Hook was often, as everybody knows,
much " put to it" for the ways and means," and was in the
general habit of dining out, not unfrequently indeed inviting
himself to take " pot luck" with some friend or other, who
he knew would like his society; but it was necessary some-
times to receive company " at home," when he usually put
in requisition all the plate he could borrow. On one such occa-
sion, when his supplies were from various quarters, he obser-
ved a young baronet inspecting, somewhat closely, the crest
on one of the silver forks, underneath which Hook's quick
eye instantly caught the initials " A.S." (most likely the
produce of some pawnbroker's warehouse) on which he coolly
said " Oh, Sir Charles, that was one of my wife's family
forks before we were married, Agnes Smith.' " The other
fashionable guests assembled, not knowing anything about
Hook's domestic matters, were conjecturing whether his wife
was a Lincolnshire Smyth, on an Essex Smyth, or a York-
shire Smyth, when a noble Lord suddenly exclaimed, "by
the way, Hook, I have a spoon with T. B.' on it." The
wit, ncthing daunted, nor at all abashed' replied, " why the
fact is, my Lord. those were my initials before we were mar-
ried, Theodore Brown ;' but having seeured such an excel-
lent wife as Miss Agnes Smith, with such a poor bait as I
had to offer in the way of property, I immediately changed it
to Hook, but we prefer keeping all the old family plate in-
tact." ~

REMUNERATION FOR MAGAZINE CONTRIBUTORS.—Six-
teen or seventeen years ago magazine writing was much
more profitable than it has been for some time past. The
proprietors of the leading periodicals rarely at that time paid
a contributor, possessing more than the average tact and
talent, less than twelve guineas per sheet. The average rate
of remuneration for contributors of the first class was six-
teen guineas per sheet ; while those who possessed an aristo-
cratic title, in addition to their talents, and who consented to
let their names be attached to their contributions, were paid
as high as twenty guineas per sheet. No: was the high rate
of remuneration given for contributions to popular periodicals
sixteen or seventeen years ago, the only inducement which
literary men had to turn their attention to that kind of wri-
ting ; there was then a great probability, provided the writer
possessed versatility and talent, of getting ones name out on
the list of stated contributors. It is now far otherwise in
both respects. Three and four gunieas a sheet only are given
for articles to one or two of our magazines which rank high.
Five guineas in the instances to which I allude are the maxi-
mum amount of remuueration. One or two other periodicals
give ten guineas, where they gave twenty. As regards the ,
stated, or even frequent insertion of one's articles, that is
now out of the question, unless where private influences are I
brought to bear. The secret of all this is explained by the
fact, that sixteen or seventeen years ago there were but few
competitors in the magazine field ; now it is overrun with
persons ambitious of distinguishing themselves in that depart-
ment of literature.—Voseph Jenkins.
The influence of kings passes not from the earth with their
death. Though they are nothing, for good or ill, their skulls
—so to speak—remain. What a great lesson does Napoleon
offer to those Frenchmen who every morning wash them-
selves! Understand me—The French are, above all nations
of the earth, a people of practical wisdom—sof practical mo-
rality. They make the glory of their great men a household
thing. Napoleon is in his death-bed, his eagles flee upon
their golden wings to darkness—the trumpet wails in his ear
—the last flutter of his heart rises with the muttering drum
—and " tete d'armee" is his death-sob. Napoleon is dead.
A few minutes—tbe plaster "is poured above the face of
imperial clay, and posterity is insured the vera effigies of
that thunderbolt of a man just as the bolt was spent ! Now
that face in its dreadful calmness, is multiplied in silver—in
bronze—in marble ! in richest metal and in purest stone.
And now, to teach a daily lesson to the common mind, that
awful countenance, with the weight of death upon it, is sold
modelled in—soap ! Nay have we not moral reflections
brought to the very fingers' ends of the people ! As the
mechanic cleanses his palms, and feels his Emperor's nose
wasting away in his fingers, he thinks of Marengo and
Austerlitz! With imperial face the pickpocket makes his
hands clean from last night's work, thinking the while of
the rifled halls and galleries of Italy : the butcher, new from
his morning's killing, washes his hands with the countenance
of the Emperor, the whilf he muses on Waterloo, and
whistles the " Downfall of Paris." And the philosopher
peeps into the tub and sees the type and memory of the
warrior's deeds in bubbles floating upon dirty water.—
Panch's Letters to his Son.

THE TEETOTALLERS.—" What I object to is their violence
that they will not allow people to be sobered their own way,
so that if they will not follow, without deviation, their rules
and regulations, they are denounced as traitors to the cause
of temperance ; nay, I have beard the whole body of the
British and Foreign Temperance Society denounced as worse
than drunkards. It is really a sort of paradox, for lam
sure that you, my Lord, and every person in this room, has
the greatest possible dislike to intemperance in any shape;
and it is, therefore, hard to be denounced„ and I only regret
that we are not in Exeter-hall with teetotallers around us;
I should then think myself justified in using such arguments
as I thought fit against their extensive system. They are tem-
perate, certainly, but it is a physical temperance ; temperance
does not consist in mere abstinence horn wine or from spirits,
but in abstinence also from anything that conduces to unhinge
the human mind, and to unfit it for the society in. which it
moves. This is too much to be seen in, teetotalists ; they are
characterised by a sort of moral intoxication, if we may so
call it; when once their passions are excited they know no
bounds, they irritate, oppose, and denounce, which is all fo-
reign to the precepts and principles of the gospel. Again
there are certain fallacies in their arguments which ought to
be exposed. They object to anything containing alcohol
Then why don't they object to sugar? Their common-sense
is at fault as well as their chymistry. In order to explain
the mention of wine in Scriptures, they try to make out that
it is unfermented wine, instead of perceiving the great prin-
ciple of Scripture is, (as might be illustrated by passages in-
numerable,) that it is the abuse, not the use of a thing in
which siu lies. I think teetotallers are in some sort morally
intoxicated upon this point ; and judging from their conduct
upon too many occasions, 1 might also say they were labour-
mg under a species of delirium tremens.—The Bishop of
Norwich.

THE THORN.—According to the Rabbins, there are twen-
ty-two different Hebrew words signifying thorns or prickles
in the Bible. Celesius has given dissertations upon sixteen ;
only one of which, Katz, appears to have the meaning of any
thorny plant in general, whether large or small, woody or
herbaceous. 1. The Paliurus Napeca, in Hebrew Shamir,
is believed by most modern authors to be the real thorn, of
which the painful crown of our Lord was platted ; it is sin-
gularly elegant, whether in flower or in fruit; and I cannot
do better than copy Hasselquist's account of it :—" Nabca
Paliurus A thenai of Alpinus. Nabca of the Arabians. In
all probability, this is the tree which• afforded the crown of
thorns, put upon the head of Christ. It grows very common
in the east. This plant is very fit for the purpose ; for it has
many small and sharp spines which are well adapted to give
pain : the crown might be easily made of these soft, round,
and pliant branches ; and what, in my opinion, seems to be
the greater proof is, that the leaves resemble those of ivy, as
they are of a deep glossy green. Perhaps the enemies of Christ
would have a plant somewhat resembling that with which
emperors and generals were crowned, that there might be a
calumny even in the punishment." 2. Next, after the pre-
tensions of the Paliurus to the honour of forming the crown
of thorns, stand those of the buckthorn, or Rhamnus Spina
Christi. The monks of Jerusalem show, or lately did show,
and aged buckthorn-shrub near the holy city, from which
they say the crown was originally cut in such a manner, that,
in wearing it, the thorns showed themselves so as to present
something like the appearance of the radiate crown with
which the kings of the East used to adorn themselves. 3.
A third sharp thorn, native to Palestine, is sometimes con-
sidered as the material of the crown of thorns. This is the
Lycium horridum, or box-thorn, whose prickles are of the
most stinging sharpness, though he plant itself has a grace-
ful appearance. When Hasselquist travelled, he found the
uncultivated ground in Egypt and Palestine everywhere en-
cumbered with the beautiful but troublesome rest-harrow, or
Ononis spinosa ; and, from this and some other circumstances,
he was inclined to think it the thorn of the original curse.
" Thorns also and thistles shall it [the earth] bring forth
unto thee." Most late writers have adopted this notion of
the Swedish traveller. Where the rest-harrow appears, the
spade, plough, and harrow have done their work ; and it is
not without excessive toil that the ground is reclaimed. Our
vernacular name is sufficiently expressive. With us it adorns
heaths and hedges, and glows in tufts on the headland of the
corn-field.—Callcott's Scripture Herbal.

MISCELLANEOUS.

'Me Martinis of. Bute and Mr. Fox Manic hair° each been
put in nomination for the Lord Rectorship of Glasgow
University.

On Mondtty, a man employed upon the railway at Spring-
field, near Chelmsford, was accidentally jammed between
two earth waggons, and killed upon the spot.
The Tyne Mercury states that the Marquis of London-
derry is rapidly recovering from the effects of his late acci-
dent.

THE WELLESLEY PAPERS.—The executor of the late
Marquis Wellesley last week sent to the British Museum up-
wards of three waggon loads of M SS. and books in compliance
with the will of the noble Marquis.
The Duchess of Kent composed a piece of music to cele-
brate the first anniversary of the birth of the Prince of Wales,
which was performed for the first time on Wednesday even-
ing by the fine band of the Grenadier Guards.
BADEN BADEN.—The Augsburg Gazette of the 9th inst.,
states that the number of visitors to Baden Baden amounted
this year to 23,739, being 1,650 more than during any former
year, and that the sums expended by them amounted to
7,000,000 f. k£280,000 British.)
The attorney-general will not press for judgment against
the proprietors of the Newry Examiner and Belfast Vindi-
cator—the defendants having expressed their regret at the
publication of the libellous articles, which they pleaded were
written under feelings of great excitement.

EXTRAORDINARY BIRTH.—A servant girl of Mr. Dodd,
of Oscroft, Cheshire, who left ber place a few days since, on
the plea of being " rayther unwell," was delivered, on Wed-
nesday last, of three fine boys, all of whom, together with
their mamma, are doing well.

On Monday last, 207,000 letters passed through the
General Post-office—nearly a quarter of a million of letters
in a day through one office ! Immense. ship-letter mails also
have been received at the General Post-office within the last
few days from Pernambucco, Monte Video, China, Rio de
Janeiro, Havana, Bahia, Valparaiso, Sydney, Singapore, and
the Cape of Good Hope.
On Sunday afternoon, as a young man. vvho with others
had been on the river Thames, was passing over Waterloo
Bridge, he suddenly left his friends, and, as he said, " for a
lark. he would walk over on the stone-work," he mounted
the first recess, and was proceeding on his fool-hardy ex-
ploit when he overbalanced himself and fell into the water,
previous to which he struck his bead against the coping-
stone. Two men instantly put off in a boat and brought the
man ashore, when he was conveyed to a surgery. but, from
the cut in his head and other injuries, life was extinct in a
few minutes after be was taken out of the water.
REDUCTION IN THE PRICES OF PriovisioNs.—During
the last week a very great reduction has taken place in the
price of butchers' meat, and in consequence there has been a
corresponding fall in the prices of other provisions. Several
butchers at the West-end have advertised that they are selling
the best wether mutton at 6d per lb, and beef (if taken in fair
proportions) at a similar rate. In the leading thoroughfares,
where the humbler classes usually market, mutton can be
purchased at from 54d to 6411 per lb, and roasting beef at 7d
per lb ; rump-steaks BJld per lb, coarser pieces in proportion.
In Clare-market, Drury-lane, and its vicinity, American
bacon and pork are selling at from 2d to 4-4 d per lb; Berwick
pork, from 4d to 54d per lb; prime Wiltshire bacon, 54d per
lb by the half side ; dairy-fed pork, from 6d to 8d per lb.
Butter can be had as low as 6d per lb, and the best salt 10d
per lb ; prime Dorset, is per lb. Cheese, according to the
quality, from 44d to 80 per lb. The best household bread,
6d to 64d the 41b loaf; potatoes, 151bs for 6d. In some places
American bacon, so called, can be had as low as lid per lb.

FATAL PUNCTURE OF A LADY'S FINGER.—Mr. Carter,
the coroner for Surrey, held an inquest on Wednesday, at the
Hero of Waterloo, Waterloo-road, on the body of Sarah
Fuller, a maiden lady, aged 65. It was stated that the de-
ceased resided at No. 108, Stamford-street, Blackfriars, and
that on Saturday week last as she was engaged trussing for
the spit a turkey, she very slightly punctured, with a skewer,
the third finger of the right hand. The wound soon became
exceedingly painful, the finger and hand began to swell, and
in consequence a surgeon was called in on the following day.
Mr. Pratt, surgeon, of Adelaide-street, Strand, said that he
visited the deceased on Sunday week, and found her greatly
exhausted. The right arm of deceased was swollen from the
hand to the shoulder, and he found upon examination that
the joints of the punctured finger were deadened. Gangrenous
mortification, no doubt the result of the puncture, rapidly
attacked the whole of the injured arm, and caused death on
Wednesday last. Verdict " Accidental Death."—London
Paper.
THE NILE.—The following account of the plans adopted
by Mehemet Ali for carrying into execution the improve-
ments of the Nile, first conceived by the Emperor Napoleon,
is transmitted to Paris, by Dr. Labot, who arrived lately in
Egypt. The first great work is to be the establishment of a
bridge of 83 arches, running from the point of the Delta to
each of the opposite banks of both branches, similar to the
Pont Neuf at Paris. On each side of the spur, a sluice is
to be formed for the purpose of navigation. All the 83
arches are to be also furnished with flood-gates of iron or
wood, to be opened or shut, alcording to the wants of traffic
and navigation. A tunnel is to be cut through the spur of
the Delta, forming a communication between the two
branches of the river. Canals are also to be cut from each
branch running to the east and the west, with various minor
channels, with sluices for the commerce and irrigation of
the country. Above the bridge, the Nile is to be embanked
on each side, so as to keep the water always within a certain
level. All these embankments will be faced with masonry,
to give them solidity and beauty. Concrete will be used for
all the submarine works, and the rest will be done with
squared stone, rubble, and bricks. These materials are
found in abundance in Egypt, and even in the immediate
neighbourhood of the works. Artificial pozzolane is in ge-
neral use, being obtainable in all parts of the country from
pulverised bricks. This matter, which is analogous to that
produced by volcanos, being mixed with lime and rubble,
form what is called beton or concrete. Before the discovery
of this pozzolane, which cost sf. the cubic metre on the spot,
it was formerly brought from Italy at the expense of 45f. or
50f. the cubic-metre. The cost of the bridge has been esti-
mated.at 7,000,000 f. and cannot exceed 10,000,000 f. When
once the materials are collected, it will require no more than
three years for 5000 men to complete this colossal under-
taking, which will vie in grandeur with the celebrated mo-
numents of ancient Egypt. According to a calculation re-
cently made by a Parisan engineer, it appears that the present
irrigation of Egypt, though very limited in comparison to
what will now be accomplished, cost the labour of 200,000
oxen'and 100,000 men.
SHIPWRECK OFF BUTE.—On Wednesday morning, be-
tween three and fo'ur o'clock, the ship William, Captain
Houston, while on her passage from Gloucester to this port,
was totally wrecked at Kilchattan Bay, Isle of Bute, while
in the' act of wearing, during a heavy storm. When the
vessel struck, her owner, Thomas Hamlin, Esq., a gentle-
man of extensive nautical experience, told the alarmed crew•
to keep cool and collected, in which case there was a fair
prospect of their lives being saved; whereas, should their
terrors lead to confusion, their dangers would be greatly in-
I creased. This advice was attended to by the major part of
the crew ; but two of them, in spite of every remonstrance,
lowered themselves overboard on what seemed from the ship
to be dry rocks ; but by this step they only met the fate they
sought to shun, the boisterous surge into which they dropped
having washed them back, and carriedthem under the ship's
bottom, where no'assistance could be rendered them by those
on the wreck. The rest of the crew, after:remaining on
remaining on board with great difficulty tilt the morning
broke, the sea during the n:ght washing over theta, and the
sh.p rapidly going to pieces, were enabled to land on the re-
ceding of the tide. By the time they left her, she was a
complete wreck, little remaining but the deck. The master
was a good deal bruised, and the mate had his hand seriously
injured. Mr. Hamlin and the crew were much exhausted by
the severity of the weather, but were, with one exception,
uninjured. One old man was saved with much difficulty, as
from the cold he bad become quite benumbed. Mr. Hamlin
speaks in the highest terms of the kindness he, his officers,
and crew experienced from Mr. Dougall, farmer in the vi-
cinity of where the wreck took place, and of the ready aid he
afforded them, which was the means especially of saving the
old man above alluded to. He also sent his carts to save
any property which might come ashore. The severity of
the gale which proved fatal to the William may be judged of
by the fact, that she was blown from Pladda to Cumbrae, a
distance of twenty-one miles, under bare poles, in somewhat
less than two hours.—Greenock Advertiser.

IMPORTANT DECISION RESPECTING SEAMEN.^OI3 Mon-
day a case came before the Mayor and a full bench of magi-
strates at Sunderland, the result of which is of the greatest
importance to the shipping interest, and especially of the
North of England. Captain Wellburn, of the brig Cornopeia,
was summoned for refusing to pay the crew of his vessel their
wages for a voyage to Sheerness. The claim of the mate for
1:4 5s was first taken, and the facts of the case were these :
On the 24th of September the vessel left Seaham-harbour
with a cargo of coals for London. On her voyage, she struck
on the North-sand, and received so much damage that she
was compelled to be taken into Sheerness, where she de-
livered her coals on the mud. When at Sheerness, Captain
Wellburn went to London, leaving the vessel in charge of
Mr. W. Edgeconabe, Lloyd's agent. Mr. Edgecombe en-
gaged a number of labourers to deliver the coals, to whom lie
paid 7 farthings per ton ; he also asked the men to assist, and
promised to remunerate them for their extra labour, as they
would not have had to deliver the coals in London, to which
port they signed articles. They accordingly assisted. and at
the conclusion of the delivery Mr. Edgecombe paid them
£2 lfis 71-d each, being at the rate of ld per ton. When the
captain returned, Mr. Edgecombe informed him of this agree-
ment. He said it was hard he should have to pay it, but
consented to be governed by the custom of the port. On his
return to Seaharn, however, he deducted the amount paid
from the men's wages. Mr. Ransom, an attorney, who all
geared for the captain, contended that the men were not en-
titled to any extra remuneration, whatever the amount of la-
bour they performed, and that every agreement entered into
being contrary to the very foundation of the articles they had
signed must be void. He also urged that it was the custom
of sailors at Sheerness to unload the vessels, and that the
vessel being driven by stress of weather there, the sailors
were bound to comply with the customs of the port. In an-
swer to this, it was said the men had been only paid for a
London voyage. The magistrates retired to consider their
decision. and ultimately resolved, by a majority, that the men
were not entitled to their full wages. • Mr. Cooper then with-
drew the summonses in the remaining cases, for the purpose
of taking the cases before the Admiralty, the seamen having
the option of having the matter decided either by
.the Ad-
miralty or a bench of magistrates, but, whichever tribunal is
adopted, there is no appeal from their decision.

MORE SHIPWRECKS.--Information was yesterday morn-
ing received at Lloyd's and by the owners of the total loss
of the Hamilton, a fine brig of 300 tons, Bradbury, master,
on the Gunfleet Sand, near Harwich, in the morning of
Tuesday, together with 11 of her crew. The Hamilton be-
longed to Mr. Mageary, of Love-lane, coal merchant, and
was on her voyage from Shields to London, laden with coals.
She had encountered very severe weather the whole of her
passage, and when off Harwich, between 3 and 4 o'clock in
the morning, it became exceedingly foggy, with the wind
E.S.E., and a heavy sea running. About 4 o'clock the word
was " Breakers ahead," and almost instantly she struck on
the outward part of the above sands and became perfectly
unmanageable, the sea making a breach completely over her.
The captain and crew finding there was not the least hope of
saving the ship, took to a boat and left her to her fate, and
in a few minutes she began to break up and was soon com-
pletely to pieces. Out of the 12 persons comprising her crew
one only was saved (the boat having been swamped,) and
from his statement, made to the captain of another vessel,
the above facts have been obtained. The boat was swamped
but a short distance from shore, and it is supposed that had
it not been for the intense fog the ill-fated crew would have
been able to gain the land. Captain Bradbury, although
young, is said to have been a man of great experience, having
commanded the same ship to New South Wales and back
three times, and was besides well acquainted with the coast
of which he has lost his life. The sister of Bradbury, who
lives in London, was about to go this last voyage with her
brother, and proceeded as far as Gravesend, when her fears
overcame her, and she went ashore. The Hamilton is in-
sured. The Gannet, Hunnum master, from. Shields to Lon-
don, was totally wrecked on the 14th, having got on the
Whittakers in a fog. The crew were fortunately saved, but
the cargo (coal) and everything on board, as well as the ves-
sel, are entirely lost. Information was also received at
Lloyd's yesterday of the wreck of the Duchess of Buccleucb,
bound from Jamaica to Havannah. From the accounts re-
ceived it appears that the unfortunate vessel was driven on
the 14th of August on the Jardanillos, in the Gulf of Florida ;
and, it being dreadful, weather at the time, she became a
total wreck. The whole of the crew were saved, but the
cargo, said to be valuable, is lost.— Times of yesterday.

4,lyipping Entelltoire.

TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 15.—Wind East
ARRIVED.—EIIen German, from Puerto Cabello-1311rIington,
Burgess. from Naples.
SAll.En.—Tarolinta, Smith, for Boston—Sheridan, De Peyster,
for New York—Bolmont, Brown, and Lord Maidstone, Taylor, for
New Orleans—La Girondin, Lacoste, Senegal—Defiance, Kitton,
for Tunis—William & Nancy. Menzies, for Harlingen—Minalto,
Tregarthen, for Syra and Salonica—Veracity, Gething, for Con-
stantinople—Royalist, Cooper, for. Leghorn—James Wearue. Mor-
ton, for Beirout and Alexandretta—Martha, Williams, for Africa—
and Kate & Jane, Proom, for Lisbon.

Magnificent, from Bombay, at Aden
Competitor, from Sincapore, at Madras
Elvira, Walker, sailed from Sincapore for China 22nd August
Margaret, Morton, hence at Quebec
Eliza, Lowry, hence off Sardina
Amalia, Albrecht; Johanna, Brandlioff ; Carl Christian, Birr,
and Adelaide, Vanselow, hence at Danzig
Gloria, Losewits ; Matadore, Bradenal, and Emilie Trade,
Brandt, hence at Swinnemunde
Hand of Providence, from Odessa, off Cork
Gondola, from Port-au-Prince, at Falmouth
Assam, hence for China, was spoken Bth July, in lat. 30 N, long.
19 W
Dyson, hence for Mica, was spoken 25th Oetober, in lat. 47
long. 9
Conrtenay, hence for Mobile, was spoken 7th Nov. in lat. 50'
long. 7
Rapid, from Belfast to —, was spoken 10th Nov. in lat. 48,
long. 10
BoULOGNE, Nov. 10.—The Reliance, Green, from China to Lon.
don, was driven on shore and totally wrecked, this morning, near
Berck ; the master, crew and passengers (about 100 persons) with
the exception of the carpenter and five lascars, drowned
WHITSTABLE, Nov. 12.—The Ann, Long, from Liverpool to Lon-
don, which was on shore on the Red Sand, has been assisted off,
and into this bay, leaky, with loss of anchor and cable
PORT MADOCK, Nov. 13.—The Hamilla, Livinston, from Deme
rara to the Clyde, struck on the bar yesterday morning, lost her
masts, filled, and became a total wreck; crew saved