The Liverpool Standard, and General Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1854-07-18 00:00:00

Lancashire and Yorkshire, 67

Riding Union, Ild

_Stoc k, 105_41_4-

Ditto Eighths, ?---„d; Sheffield Stock, 22 ; Midland
Stock, 67 * 7 68 I I 1; Newry and Enniskillen,
5-Icl ; North British, 8 9-16 82; South Eastern,
19 7-16 9 5-16; York and North Midland, 2772-;
Dutch Rhenish, 3t d.

LIVERPOOL CITSTONS.—The quarterly statement
of the Revenue shows a falling off in the Customs
receipts of the United Kingdom to the extent of
more than a third of a million. Liverpool has,
however, no share in this decline, the returns from
this port showing an increase of £83,246, being
from £799,917 in the quarter ended sth July, 1853,
and £883,163 in the corresponding quarter of 1854.
THE Fur DS.—The closing prices of Consols in
the London Stock Exchange are quoted yesterday
(Monday) at 92 9-16 to 11-16. This is the first
time we have noticed fluctuations in the funds
quoted less than an eighth. It is a refinement in
speculation more novel than commendable.
COTTON.—Trade during the week has been very
dull, and prices have receded about 1-16 d. per lb.
This depression is attributed to the unfavourable
weather which prevailed and the decline in the
Money Market affecting the manufacturers. The
sales during the week up to Friday amounted to
only 40,520 bales, of which 3,890 were taken on
speculation and 6,890 for export, leaving 29,740
for the trade. TO-DAY the market was considerably
better, and, the weather being warm and sunny,
great confidence was manifest in the improvement
of the demand for consumption. The sales reached
8000 bales, of which about 3000 were on specula-
tion and for export. Quotations are not higher,
but the tendency is upward. The following is a
comparison of present rates with those of the
corresponding period last year :

1853. 1854.
New Orleans, middling 6ld. 5 5-16 d.
fair 7d. 61d.
Uplands, middling 6d. 5 3-16 d.
fair Md. ad.

SALES. IMPORTS.

DRSCRIPTION.iPRICES.] Week Previ- Week This
,ending ously ending
Year. Julyl4
July 14 this yr. July 141

-.----- ---.-- --.-...--.1.....-- -..
570 15600 1
90 730 7083! 393942
7480 254670
2030 140190
%I 1 25712 1
20570 503960 767464 631010
'4l 660 26280
450 17150
320' 18300
480

Sea Island 8 ci) 20
Stained 4 8
Boweds 4 6*
Mobile 4. 6
New Orleans. 3*
Pernams, &c. 6*

Bahia, &c.
&faranham

. I 19222 16670
1400 16284 10570
2111 23732; 22760
409 210
1188 i 316831 57050
▪ 2023; 2360

Demerara,&c
. Egyptian.. ll
Com.W.l.Blc. 4 5
Surat
Madras 3* 4
Bengal —

1500 59450
150 3320
6490, 173010
290 4920 I
. . 1600

139572'• 189450
974 j 3670

40520,12198601 37494,1395305 933950

PRODUCE.—The Sugar market during the week
has been very dull, and prices barely supported.
The same remark will also apply to Coffee, Rice,
and Tea ; but of the latter fine sorts were rather
dearer.—Saltpetre has been in fair demand, and for
Brimstone there was also rather more inquiry.
Palm Oil and Tallow have been in good demand,
and full prices have been obtained. Td-DAY, a fair
amount of business has been done in Sugar, the
sales, including Saturday's transactions, comprising
200 hhds. Barbadoes at 31s. 6d. to 365. 6d., 30
hhds. grainy Demerara at 38s. 6d. to 405., 600
mats Mauritius, (price not reported,) 35 hhds.
Louisiana at 335. 3d., 830 boxes Havana at 325.
6d., and 800 bags Pernams at 295. 6d. to 30s. 6d.
per cwt.-450 puns. very inferior Cuba Molasses
have been sold from quay at 13s. 6d. per cwt.—
The sales in Coffee comprise 135 bags Laguayra at
555., 250 bags Ceara at 425. to 435., and 300 bags
Bahia at 445. 6d. to 455. 6d. per cwt.—The Tea
market is very quiet, and to effect sales lower prices
would require to be taken. Common Congoa, of
sound quality, is nominally 102 d. to 11d. per lb.—
The business done in Rice is confined to 500 bags
new Arracan at lls., and 80 tces. Carolina at 18s.
per cwt.—We have also to notice 200 bags Black
Pepper at 40., 50 bags Pimento at 54d., 10 chests
Kurpah Indigo at 2s. per lb., and a small lot of
Shell Lac at 50s. per cwt.

Wool.—The transactions this week have been
affected by the announcement of six or seven more
failures in the Worsted trade, and the unfavourable
news received from the East at the commencement
of the week ; yet prices are still very firm. The
second series of sales of the new clip of Colonial
Wool commenced in London last Thursday ; there
was a fair attendance, and prices ranged about the
same as last May sales, except for Port Philip
combing flocks, which were id. per lb. more. Irish
Wools are of ready sale at 111-d. to Downs,
at Hid. to 120., are also in demand. Imports
for the week, 409 bales, viz., 225 Buenos Ayres,
111 Portugal, 6 United States, 51 Scotch, and 16
Irish.

METALS.—There is nothing important to com-
municate this week in the Metal market. The
advance proposed at the Ironmasters' preliminary
meeting was confirmed at their general quarterly
meeting on Thursday last, when a large business
was done in manufactured Iron. Other metals
continue without change in price. Scotch Pig
Iron was depressed during the past week, owing
to forced sales, but has since partially recovered its
tone.

POLAND, AND ITS RELATION TO RUSSIA.

LECTURE LAST NIGHT.

LAST night, a lecture was delivered at the Royal Insti-
tution, in Colquitt-street, by M. Zaba, a Polish gentleman,
on the subject, so interesting at the present time, of
" Poland : its conditions social and political, and its history,
with regard to its relations with Russia." The meeting,
it was announced, would take place under the auspices
of the Mayor. There was a crowded and intellectual
assemblage ; and precisely at the appointed hour his
Worship, accompanied by his lady ; J. A. Tinne, Esq., and
lady, and others, entered, amidst applause, into the lec-
ture hall.
The MAYOR took the chair. He said that he had much
pleasure in complying with the request of M. Zaba to pre-
side at that meeting, inasmuch as he had been presented
to him by Lord Harrowby, for whom he was sure that
every one connected with this community had a high
esteem—(applause),—considering that he had so faith-
fully and so many years represented us in the
Commons' House of Parliament. He was sure that
all would feel a request that he made with respect
to any friend that he had. He should read them the first
paragraph of his letter, and then present to them M. Zaba :
The bearer, M. Zaba, is a most respectable gentleman,
who is about to deliver a lecture in several of the consider-
able towns in connexion with Polish history, to bring the
public mind in familiarity with such topics, when the
question of Poland may be one of interest in the settle-
ment of Europe." (Applause.)
M. Zene. was then introduced, and struck at once ore
rotundo into his discourse. He is evidently a most intel-
lectual man, of enthusiastic temperament, and possessing
the most charming manner as a lecturer. After express-
ing the satisfaction which he felt in delivering a discourse
on a subject so dear to him in this, the second town in
the kingdom, he said that he did not wish to appeal
to their passions, but to address their judgment and
convictions. To do this he should have occasion to refer
to the political career of Poland, that he might be able to
show that she had manifested the strongest anxiety at
different times to give expansion to liberal ideas, to Pro-
mote the cause of freedom, and the cause and interest of
humanity at large. If he succeeded in showing them by
some historical facts that the tendency of Polish society
was favourable to that great end, he was sure that their
interest and favour in the re-establishment of Poland
would be strengthened. (Applause.) It was true that
it would be difficult for him to do justice to so vast a sub-
ject within the limits of a single address. At thie very
moment, when Europe found herself threatened with the
overgrown ambition of Russia, there existed a universal
idea that some efficient measure should be adopted to
check its progress, and to check its spirit of restlessness,
that it might not disturb the harmony and peace of
Europe. (Applause.) Some were for submitting to local
interests ; others to benevolence and resignation ; but

if we were to follow them, the greatest injury
would be inflicted upon the dignity of the human
character, for such would be selfishness in its ugliest
form. As to difficulties, the voice of justice pointed out
to man how to diminish the pressure or to remove them
altogether. (Applause.) Two powerful countries, once
separated by mutual jealousy, were now united, and Provi-
dence had assigned to Great Britain and France the high
office of being the champions of insulted justice. (Loud
applause.) It was, therefore, of importance that Great
Britain should be acquainted with all the circumstances
which might be of importance in the circle of European
politics. He maintained the establishment of Poland as
one of the means to secure theace and progress of
peace
every desirable improvement. (Applause.) In order,
therefore, to prove that Poland was at all times in har-
mony with the principles upheld in this country, he
should call their attention first to her early history.
The beginning of Poland, like the history of almost every
other country, was lost in obscurity, but it began to
emerge at the end of the tenth century, when Christianity
was introduced. And there was this peculiarity in it, it
came from the West ; whereas that of the Muscovite and
the Mongol was from the East,—so that the two empires
of Poland and Russia, in regard to their ideas, were per-
fectly distinct, and that difference was stamped through
all their subsequent idea. He should divide the history of
Poland into four distinct periods. The first, the absolute
monarchy, which extended from the ninth century to the
middle of the fourteenth ; the second period represented
the constitutional monarchy of the Jagellons, which lasted
till the second half of the sixteenth century; the third
period was an elective monarchy, which began in 1572 and
existed till 1768 ; and the fourth was that in which the
Poles sought to redress all their social grievances, and to
free Poland from foreign influence : that began in 1768,
and had continued up to the present date. (Applause.)
M.' Zaba then proceeded to consider the characteristics
of these various periods. The first, he said, was the war-
like, and yet the principle of humanity was shown then
as throughout all their history ; for as early as the 12th
century, Poland was the only country that gave shelter to
the persecuted awl then cruelly-treated Jews. (Applause.)

The beautiful principle of toleration was converted into
practice. The first parliament assembled in Poland was
in 1347, and thus the first foundation was laid (

tutiona'

freedom, w

rilst Russia was scar

consti-

from the yoke of the Tartar, under which she had been for
200 years. (Applause.) Referring to a map of Poland, the
lecturer showed the extent of country interested. Poland
was four times as large as the entire of Great Britain, her
boundaries extending from the Baltic to the Black Sea.
This geographical position was of immense importance to
Europe, for Russia could neverhaveencroachedupon Europe
without first taking possession of Poland, and we should not
have been engaged now in a war with Russia, if Poland were
an independent state—(loud applause)—for the map would
show them that she could not send her troops either to
Moldavia or Bessarabia without crossing the Polish terri-
tory. (Applause.) Speaking of the social character of
Poland, the lecturer then referred to her division into two
orders of the equestrian or nobility, and the second of the
peasants. Every one might become eligible to the first
rank who distinguished himself in the service of his
country, a facility which nourished patriotism and public
virtue. (Applause.) M. Zaba then stated that the 15th
and 16th century formed a splendid epoch in Polish his-
tory, not only in a political, but a literary point of view,
for it was then that his countryman Copernicus flourished.
Poland certainly could not boast of a Shakspeare, but she
could plead that she had added much to the common
stock of human knowledge. During the progress of the
Reformation, in the 16th century, the Poles had pre-
served a firm aspect, and they gave shelter to the perse-
cuted Protestants from every land. (Applause.) The
principle of toleration was embodied in her laws. Again,
in the 16th century, when rivers of blood were shed be-
fore freedom of Protestant worship was wrung from Charles
the Fifth, in Poland religious liberty was the law of the land.
Such was the moral sentiment that prevailed. (Applause.)
It was now impossible but that a people who cherished
the memory of their ancestors should maintain a sense of
national dignity, and evince the strongest attachment not
only to their national independence, but to freedom gene-
rally. (Applause.) M. Zaba then proceeded to show the
weakness of the elective form of monarchy, admitting the
dissensions to which it had given rise ; and then rapidly
referred to the later days of Polish history. Peter
the Great saw clearly that Russia could never rise into
political importance so long as Poland was an independent
state, but he was not in a position then to annihilate it by
the force of arms. In 1764, however, the first overt act
took place. Russia, professing, as she did now, interest
for one particular form of faith, succeeded in setting the
high Roman Catholic party against their brethren, then
steppediin on behalf of the weaker party, and treated both
herself and ally to a portion of the Polish territory.
In 1772 Austria and Prussia, blinded by Russian wiles,
became instruments to aid in her aggressions upon Poland,
and by their joint agency was effected the first partition of
Poland. At that time Russia, politic as well as modest in
her views, contented herself with only a small share in
the spoil, giving the larger portion to Prussia and to
Austria. Still, under the influence of Russian counsels,
Austria combined with that power for the purpose of
partitioning Turkey. This was in 1789, and it roused the
jealousy of Prussia so much that she appealed to England,
and by their joint interference the project was at the time
suppressed. In 1791 a constitution was established in
Poland, by which the elective selection of the King was
abolished, and his office declared hereditary. Russia,
which had in the first instance intrigued for the esta-
blishment of that constitution, now affected sincere
admiration of it, and now insisted on the re-enactment
of the elective monarchy and of the liberum veto. The
constitution which was so obnoxious in the eyes of Russia
was eulogised by Fox, your eminent statesman ; and by
Burke, who declared that it was of unmixed excellence, as
it abolished both anarchy and slavery. Yet Russia dared
to stigmatise it in the face of Europe as inimical to Euro-
pean liberty. Russia pretended now to be so ardent an
admirer of the Polish constitution as it originally stood,
that she could not endure to see any of its provisions
altered or interfered with. Here again you see how dan-
gerous it is to trust to Russian treaties, as these are to be
found only on paper. Do not trust them. Take a hint
which has been furnished by the Emperor of Russia him-
self, and you will be safe—take a material guarantee.
(Loud and continued cheering.) In this new interference
the second partition of Poland took place, but on this
occasion Russia took the lion's share. Then began the
miseries of Poland in real earnest, and these have been
so pathetically and so beautifully expressed by your own
poet, that no apology is necessary for introducing the lines:
In vain, alas! in vain, ye gallant few,
From rank to rank your volleyed thunder flew
Oh I bloodiest picture in the book of time—
Sarmatia fell, unwept, without a crime !
Found not a generous friend, a pitying foe,
Peace at her death, or mercy in her woe I
Hope for a season bade the world farewell,
And Freedom shrieked as Kosciusco fell !
In 1807 the third dismemberment of Poland took place,
and then her independence as a nation was destroyed. On
all hands it is admitted that Napoleon committed the
greatest political blunder in not having restored the
nationality of Poland before his invasion of Russia. In
1814 the allied powers entertained the most serious views
as to the necessity of having an independent kingdom in
Poland—that the question was openly and frequently dis-
cussed and insisted on. Mark the duplicity of Russia
here again ! She promised all that was suggested,
but she never performed any of the conditions, and never
meant to do so. Slavery was never an institution of Poland,
and never was permitted on her soil. It was carefully
provided against in her new constitution ; but that por-
tion of it which is now under Russia is debased by slavery.
Slavery is the characteristic of Russia ; wherever she puts
her bear's paw slavery is established, and that will be the
fate of all Europe if Russia is permitted to possess herself
of its soil. Non-intervention by the European powers,
and protection on the part of Russia,- have been most
favourable for the ambitious views of Russia—(cheers) ;
and by availing herself of them, she has succeeded in ex-
patriating the Poles. After twenty-three years of exile,
the Poles have been called upon again to plead the cause
of their country. Hope seemed to smile upon their efforts,.
and Poland, though bleeding and prostrate, was still able
to administer severe blows to her oppressor. (Cheers.)
A higher duty was now imposed on England and France
than merely preventing Russian advancement upon Turkey.
Upon them devolved the duty of so crippling Russia that
she may remain harmless. The safety of Europe could
never be established tM Russia is confined within her own
legitimate bounds, and that could only be effected by re-
establishing the independence of Poland. The principles
of justice and the promptings of self-interest both dictate
the re-establishment of Poland as a barrier against the
aggressions of Russia. (Loud cheers.) It was to be
hoped that the governments of England and France
would find it wisdom to move in the channels through
which run the streams of human happiness. (Loud and
continued cheering.)
His Worship the MAYOR said that the audience must
have felt much gratification in listening to the lucid lec-
ture given by' M. Zaba on the history of his country ;
and M. Zaba, he felt also assured, would be gratified with
the patient attention which had been bestowed on his
numerous and able statements.

M. ZABA briefly thanked his worship and the audience,
and the meeting separated.

THE MINISTERIAL CRISIS

lienoll THE MORNING HERALD OP YESTERDAY.]

IT is impossible to doubt that deliberations of the gravest
and most anxious character occupy the attention of minis-
ters at those protracted sittings of the cabinet which we
are now so frequently called on to record. They are such
as to demand the constant reference from the cabinet to
the sovereign. Last week we recorded the fact of the
minister of war leaving his assembled colleagues to have
an audience of her Majesty, returning from the royal
presence to the council, and remaining for hours in con-
sultation with those colleagues.
On Saturday the incidents of the Cabinet Council were
hardly less remarkable. The Cabinet Council was sum-
moned for two o'clock. Ministers did not assemble until
three o'clock ; they then met with one exception, that of
the Foreign Secretary, who was detained by an audience
with the Queen. Lord Clarendon joined his colleagues at
four. Their deliberations then lasted until half-past six,
and immediately on the breaking-up of the council Lord
Aberdeen proceeded to the palace, to her Majesty. We
may add to these indications the fact that her Majesty's
stay in London has been already protracted some days
beyond the time at which it was expected the court would
have departed for the Isle of Wight.
A meeting of his supporters in the House of Commons
is convened by Lord John Russell at the official residence
of the premier. It is just possible that he is about to
take Mr. Disraeli's hint, and suggest to some of those sup-
porters the propriety of testing the opinions of the House
of Commons by proposing a vote of confidence.
To-night the vote is to be taken on the estimate of the
new Minister of War. It is impossible to say what may
be the result of the discussions to which that estimate is
sure to give rise.
To these perplexities we must add the near approach of
that result of our Austrian alliance for which we have
been for some time preparing our readers.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

T HE W A

VIENNA., July 14.—Despatches were forwarded to Lon-
don and Paris a few days since. They state that Russia
proposes to accede to the terms of the protocol of the 9th
April, as a basis for negotiations for peace, subject to con-
ditions. The Western Powers will now have either to
decide upon these conditions for peace negotiations, or
altogether reject them as too vague and unsatisfactory.
The Osservatore Triestino has advices from Constan-
tinople of the 3rd, confirming the fact before announced,
that the English steam-frigates had bombarded the Sulina
mouth of the Danube, and adding that the Russian guns,
soldiers, and commander had been taken.
Admiral Bruat's squadron, which has entered the Black
Sea, has on board 7,000 soldiers, with horses and artillery-
A considerable Turkish force is in occupation of Giur-
gevo, and display a determination to attack the Russians
at Frateschti.

General Brown's division, it was expected, had reached
Rnstchuk on the 9th.

A letter from Varna, of the 2nd instant, states that
Lord Raglan had sent his cavalry to reconnoitre the
country beyond Kara-su. The Russians, it appears, had
evacuated that position, and retreated on Matschin and

Hirsova, where they were concentrating their forces, in
order to recross the Danube and abandon the Dobrudscha
altogether. It was believed that they intended to retain
possession of Galatz and Jassy.
BUCHAREST, JULY 13.—The Russian outposts have
been beaten at Frateschti. Sixty thousand Tails have
landed on the left bank. A pitched I
Fratescht

.s imminent at

The following is from a letter dat
sylvania, July 2 .—" War appears to have commenced, or

adt, in Tran

to be about to' comme:

;nee, between Austria and Russia

During the last three weeks fresh troops have arrived

They are hardly allowed sufficient
time for repose before they are marched to the Wallachian

filled with troops

frontier. The day before yesterday a regiment of grena-
diers coming from Galicia was despatched towards Botsa.
Among the troops who first arrived here was a battalion
of pontoniers, composed of six companies, upon the war
footing, comprising 200 men with bridge materials com-
plete, and 16 field carriages. Each carriage, drawn by
four horses, has a flat-bottomed boat and all its appen-
dages. A small corps of Russian infantry, with a detach-
ment of Cossacks, was sent from the interior of Wallachia
to the frontier of Transylvania to observe the movements
of the Austrians. On the 29th of June an Austrian
patrol on guard at the frontiers having met with a
Russian patrol, an engagement took place, it is said, the
result of which was that the Austrian corporal was killed
and two soldiers severely wounded. More serious hostili-
ties are expected in the neighbourhood of Cronstadt.
Military hospitals are being prepared there, and to-day
eighteen vehicles built for the transport of the wounded
have been despatched tothe frontier."
The captain of a Swedish barque, arrived at Rio on the
12th of June, from Valparaiso, reported the capture of the
two Russian frigates, the Aurora and Diana, by H.M.S.
President. He stated they were anchored off Callao.

According to advices from Orsova of the 15th, after five
hours' fighting, Mehemet Pasha drove the Russians from
the Dobrudscha across the river, and occupied Czernavoda.
The whole of the left bank of the Danube between Kalafat
and Oltenitza is fully occupied by the Turks.

The Oesterreichische Correspondenz contains an article,
the sense of which is, that on the one hand the recent
communication from St. Petersburg but incompletely
answers the expectations of Austria ; while Prussia, on
the other hand, thinks it contains materials which may
possibly serve as a basis for negotiations for peace. This
must, however, depend on the decision of the Western
Powers. This language is, as usual, vague, but certainly
menacing for Russia.

According to advices from Hermannstadt of the 16th,
Prince Gortschakoff was near Frateschti with 60,000 or
70,000 men. It is said that Lieutenant-General Aurep
has shot himself.

SpllN.—According to advices from Madrid of the 12th,
the column under the Minister of War had arrived at
Valdepenas, in hot pursuit of the insurgents, who were
retiring on Despenaperros. The division from the north,
under the command of General Turon, had reached
Madrid, and was to leave the day after to join the Minis-
ter of War. The insurgent forces consisted, it was said,
of 3,000 foot, 2,000 horse, and 40 artillerymen.

BY JOSAPHAT AND CO.'S CONTINENTAL