The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-09-13 00:00:00

MEMORANDUM ON SIERRA LEONE.

The harbour of Sierra Leone has been in virtual possession
of Great Britain since the commencement of the sixteenth
century. As it is the only harbour properly so called be-
tween Cape Verde and Fernando Po, it is an important point
for any maritime power to hold it. Clarence Cove, in Fer-
nando Po, and Amboisas Harbour, under Cameron's Moun-
tain, are the only ports on the coast that a frigate can enter
at any time of tide ; all other ports are bar and tide harbours.
Our early voyagers saw the advantages it possessed as a
port, and built a fort there in the reign of Charles the First.
Its history as a colony dates from 1787, when an attempt
was made to colonise it with American refugee Negroes : out
of 311 landed, only 63 remained in 1791; who were settled
at Granville Town.
In 1792, the Sierra Leone Company sent out 119 Euro-
peans and others as settlers; who were reduced by the cli-
mate, in 1793, to 40 survivors.
In 1792, 1131 Nova Scotians were added to the colony ; of
whom one-tenth died immediately; and in 1826, 578 alone
remained of those people and their descendants.
In 1800„ 550 Maroons, of all ages and sexes, were landed
from Jamaica ; who in 1836 had increased to 681: these
people took advantage of the first opportunity of returning
to Jamaica ; and in 1841 there were only 70 remaining in the
colony.

In 1819, 85 Negroes concerned in an insurrection in Bar-
bados were transported to Sierra Leone : they have peti-
tioned to be permitted to return to the West Indies.
In 1818, 1222 pensioners from the West Indian and
Royalist Regiments, and their families, were located in the
colony.
In 1826, Major: Rowan states the apparent decrease in the
population of the colony to be 8,924.
Up to 1819, the number of liberated Africans located in
the colony was 11,278.
From that time to the 30th June, 1840, 51,524.
The population now is supposed to be 50,000 souls. It is
clear, that making all allowances for the excess of males over
females among the liberated Africans, some powerful cause
has been in operation to prevent a race, above all others
prolific, from increasing and multiplying under the protec-
tion and patronage of the British government, and which
has made so many of its inhabitants eager to escape beyond
its bounds. That cause arose, it is believed, from three
separate sources-
-Ist. From the poverty of the soil, which is incapable of
producing exportable produce, or repaying the labour em-
ployed in its cultivation.
2d. From the non-existence of any national character in
the population; Maroons, Nova Scotians, and liberated
African', from all quarters of the continent, being mixed
together, with no common bond of unity or feeling.
3d. From the unhealthiness of the climate preventing an
efficient European superintendence being established on the
part of the government over these mixed and incongruous
elements and deterring capital and skill from flowing into
the colony from Great Britain, as it would naturally have
done under more favourable circumstances.
Any one of these causes would have been sufficient to pre-
vent the colony ever attaining a flourishing state : the three
combined are more than enough to account for its present
melancholy condition.
It is incapable of supplying any exportable produce, from
the poverty of the soil : from the same reason, it is inca-
pable of maintaining its present population, artificially in-
troduced. Its existence depends alone upon the lavish
expenditure of the British government ; as the following
statement shows—

IMPORTS INTO SIERRA LEONE, 1839.... £lOO,OOO 0 0
.Expenditure.
Liberated Africans
Civil Service
Judicial
Colonial Militia ..
Clergy
Pensions
Contingencies
Sundries
£30,658 9 2
Military Service..
Salaries, Mixed Commission Court, and ex-
penses
Commissariat and Victualling....

6,000 0 0
3,096 16 1

£189,468 16 4
Estimated expenditure of religious societies 7,000 0 0
Ditto of men-of-war

£206,468 16 1
Value of exports in 1839 .... £58,440 0 0
Expenses charged, probably
included in imports, and
gold, bills, &c. not included
in exports

48,028 0 0
106,468 0 0

Neat cost of keeping up Sierra Leone.. £lOO,OOO 0 0

Suppose this expenditure to cease. Sierra Leone would
shrink at once into its natural dimensions, and be restricted
to those advantages which it might derive from its harbour
and position as a kind of dep(lt for the timber-trade and
other trifling commerce in its neighbourhood.
This £lOO,OOO per annum, therefore, is the balance paid
by Great Britain to bolster up a place from which no advan-
tage can ever be derived ; as, from its situation, on no great
navigable river, it can exercise little influence on the interior
of Africa, and its position operates against communication
with other parts of the coast.
As to the structure of its society, a good deal has been
lately stated about the progress the liberated Africans have
made in civilisation and wealth : but it is to be observed,
that the few instances brought forward are confined to Free
Town, and those engaged in mercantile pursuits; and when
the deadly nature of the climate, which prevents European
competition, and the enormous annual expenditure of the
British government, are taken into consideration, the only
extraordinary thing is, that they have not driven out every
White merchant long ago : as it is, there are not fifty libe-
rated Africans in the colony that have achieved independence,
at the expense of the people of this country ; and, however
amiable their character, all are agreed that no good effect on
the people of the surrounding country has as yet been pro-
duced.
It is possible that an extension of the colony, if a richer
soil is to be found in its neighbourhood, might be useful,
and agriculture might follow to a certain extent ; but the
expense would be great, and the impossibility of insuring a
due propOrtion of Whites of a suitable class, in consequence
of the fatal climate, would cause the experiment to have
little result, as far as the civilisation of the Black race is
concerned. The colony should therefore be abandoned as
the principal station of the British in Africa, and the ex-
penditure proportioned to its real value ; say to £5,000 per
annum.
The withdrawal of the greater portion of its population to
the West Indies would be advantageous to the individuals
concerned ; to the colonies where their labour is required ; to
this country, at whose expense they are supported useless
members of the community ; and inflict a heavy blow and
great discouragement on the Foreign Slave-trade.

MEMORANDUM SHOWING THE COST OF A MONTHLY
COMMUNICATION BY STEAM-VESSELS BETWEEN THE
COAST OF AFRICA AND BRITISH WEST INDIES, THE
COST OF TRANSPORTING PART OF THE POPULATION OF
SIERRA LEONE THITHER, AND THE RESULT THAT MAY
BE EXPECTED.
Two iron steam-ships of 1,000 tons and 250
horse-power, each capable of carrying 1,000
emigrants, (men, women, and children,) on
the plan adopted in her Majesty's transport
service ; 2,000 tons, at £4O per ton
Twelve voyages of 6,000 miles each, being the
distance from the coast of Africa to the West
Indies and back, equal to a total distance of
72,000 miles per annum ; at the cost, as per
statement, of 20s. per mile .
12,000 emigrants per annum, at £6 per head .. 72,000
48,000 emigrants in four years

Out of these 48,000 souls, it is presumed that one-fourth,
or 12,000, would be effective labourers—equal to the produc-
tion of 24,000 tons of sugar annually; which, at the present
duty of 245. per hundredweight, would yield the Exchequer
a revenue of £576,000 ; or at 12s. per hundredweight, to
which it is hoped the duty on colonial sugar will be reduced,
£288,000, or an annual return equal to the whole expense
incurred, supposing the imperial government to undertake
their removal. But as the colony receiving the emigrants
would willingly pay the expense of their transport, the above
sum would be clear gain to this country.
It is proposed the government should supply the steam-
vessels, charging the colony a fair percentage on their value
while so employed, say 121 per cent per annum.
In addition to the revenue thus created by the transfer of
so large a proportion of the liberated Africans from Sierra
Leone to the West Indies, at least three-fourths of the
government expenditure at Sierra Leone, or £75,000 per
annum, would be saved ; the market for British goods would
be increased from 40s. per head, their average consumption
at Sierra Leone, to £7 ss. 4d. per head, the consumption of
the Trinidad population, or in round numbers, £240,000 per
annum; while the increased supply of 24,000 tons of sugar
would reduce the price of the 200,000 tons consumed by the
People of this country to £5 per ton, or a reduction of cost
to Vtae consumer of £1,000,000 per annum.
these appears from the above statement, that the transfer of
poor people from Sierra Leone to the West Indies
would be r
it is incumbent
in a pecuniary view as in a moral one
what is and imperative on us to do it ; proving that
wrong. morally right can never be politically or economically
As
ceive, let any oral and physical benefit the people would to
et they
re-
alest lodie,wirecompare the Journal of Gurney in the
the despatches 0.41 traveller's account of Sierra Leone, or
Colebrooke, or H. Light, Sir C. Metcalfe, Sir W.
Doherty, Campbell, ir 1. M'Leod, with those of Governors
a meas
weremie, or Finlay ; and all will agree
the liberated Africuans
that such re
°lad be the greatest possible boon to
.
It will be seen I pro
ta re
their
pa move these people in masses,
with their friends and their
("tailors, their families and rela-
tions : there is no disruption
exists.* The mass of
thug by
Y national feeling, for none
g by ttl!xioug now to go, and are
only kept from emigrating
tions : the instant our lavish erperdoissest misrepresenta-
ture in the colony is
stopped, that desire will become uoi
ersai
Leone, and extend to all
Woilfl then become
refuge for the
the surrounding country. oterra
what it ought always to have been, a
city
over rated the
native African,t
instead of repelling them b
as is now the case. Y alien acts and
religious persecution,
To prove that I have rather under than
power of production, I beg to refer to Parliamentary
on Antigua, Trinidad, &c., P. 137: where Stipendiary paMrs
pers
gistrate A. C. Colquhoun states that a labourer in his
Ma-
time cultivated canes sufficient to make four hogsheZsaro'
sugar, only wor!:ing on Saturday's, holidays, and spare
hours; earning his livelihood besides as a day labourer: to
p. 80, the evidence of R. Darling, Esq., that an addition of
10,000 labourers to the population of Trinidad would increase
the production of sugar to 30,000 hogsheads : to p. 17, the
evidence of Stipendiary Magistrate W. Walker, where he
calculates the earnings of an able-bodied man, his wife and
two children, at £5O per annum, working only five days
a week.
The ultimate result will be the triumph of free over slave
labour, the extension of our commerce, the civilisation of
large masses of the Negro race, the creation by re-emigra-
tion of a large population in Africa, speaking the English
language and rising gradually in the scale of society : in a
fewx years Great Britain would be exulting not only over the
extinction of the slave-trade, but also in the annihilation
of slavery
blackness nd Af '^ ld wou slowly but surely emerge
from the
passed her. of darkness which has so long encom-

r A stanch supporter of Sierra Leone describes the peculiar
character of the Population in these words—" This peculiarity con-
sists in the nature Of its Population ; a heterogeneous mass, but
mainly composed of the
men who have undergone a
*arriving cargoes of captured slave-ships;
treat shoclu; uprooted beings ; com-
pelled colonists of a strut, land."—Buzlon's Remedy, p. 364.
t The Revend John
ment, states re lam convinced
blgrgan. recommending further settle.
places of refuge as soon as theythat thousands would flee to such
were assured of protection; and
Remedy, p, 387,
thus a dense free PoPulatiou would soon spring up.—Bu ton's

\ •

ESTIMATE REFIRRED TO,
pro forma' Estimate if the Expenses rif an iron Stearn.
ship of 1,000 tons and 250 horse.power, between the West
Indies and the British Colonies on the West Coast of
Africa, making six voyages annually—distance 6,000
miles out and home.
Cost of steamer .
Floating Establishment—
Commander . •
3 Officers
Purser
Surgeon
Assistant ditto
3 Engineers, £3OO, £250, £2OO
3 Assistant ditto, at £lOO ....
6 Petty officers, at £6O
SO Kroomen, at 20s. per month

£40,000

£l,OOO
500
200
200
100
750
300
360
960

99 men.
Provisions, 10 officers at 2s. per diem 365.
89 men, at £5 per day ....
6,000 emigrants, at 15s. 4,500
- 11,060

600 tons of coals per voyage, for six
voyages, 3,600 tons, at 50s.
Oil, tallow, and small stores for engines,
at £2OO 1,200
Ship-chandlery, at £2OO per voyage .... 1,200
Wear and tear, 20 per cent. on X-10,000.. 8,000
Insurance and interest, 10 per cent 4,000

£34,460
Second vessel

£68,920
Contingencies 3,080

Total annual expense

£72,000

P.S.—The statements of the population up to 1830 are
taken from Major rowan's
Report ; the exports, imports,
and expenditure, from Dr. Madden's.
That the present state of the Colonies in the West Indies
is fearfully reacting on this country, and forms one of the
principal causes of the present general distress, cannot be
denied, when the additional sum paid for the one article of
sugar is considered. The annexed statement speaks for
itself. I firmly believe that the measures so fully advocated
in this memorandum would be " twice blessed ;" that while
doing our duty in civilising and instructing the African race,
we should be taking a sure step to restore our commercial
prosperity.
- - -

Statement showing the Additional Price paid for the same
quantities of Sugar the three years before the abolition of
Slavery, and the three years after the termination of the
Apprenticeship—
cwt.
1831 .. 3,781,011 .... average price 235. Bd.
1832 .. 3,655,534 .... do. 275. Bd.
1833 .. 3,651,804 .... do. 295. sd.

11,088,349 hundredweight, at 275. per hundred-
weight, the Gazette average of the three years, £14,969,266.
For the three years ending 1841, the average price was
425. 9d.: 11,088,349 hundredweight, at 425. 9J. per hundred-
weight-4:3,701,345, or 8,732,879 additional.

UNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL INTELLIGENCE

ORDINATIONS TO BE HOLDEN.

Sunday, September 18, Bishop of Exeter, at Exeter.
Sunday, September 18, Bishop of Llandaff, at Llandaff.
Sunday, September 18, Bishop of Limerick, at Limerick

OXFORD, SEPT., 10.—The Martyr Memorial is nearly
finished, and shows to great advantage on entering the city
from Banbury or Woodstock, at the point where the two
roads join, as it there appears in the distance between the
trees which form the much-admired avenue through which
Oxford is entered from the north. The prints of the Memo-
rial do not give a correct idea of its beautiful proportions,
which, in order to be seen to advantage, the spectator should
view at the distance of 100 yards at least from its base. The
scaffold was wholly removed a few days ago, but another has
since been erected for the purpose of executing some elaborate
carved work on the upper part of the firstastory.
On Wednesday the Rev. Lewis Lewis, of Jesus College,
was elected a Fellow of that society.
Her Majesty the Queen has presented the Rev. J. May-
nard, of Exeter College, to the rectory of Sudborne, with the
curacy of Capella de Oxford, in the county of Suffolk.
The Rev C. Plumptre has been presented to the rectory of
Wickhambreux, in the county of Kent.
The Rev. E. Edwards has been presented to the rectory of
East Winch, in the county of Norfolk.
The Lord Chancellor has presented the Rev. E. Tardy to
the vicarage of Grinton, in the county of York' and the
Rev. I. D. Winslow to the vicarage of Napton-on-the-hill,
Warwickshire.

CAMBRIDGE, SEPT. 10. The following appointments
have taken place :
Rev. W. Hodgson, M.A., of Sidney Sussex College, to
the incumbency of Brathay, near Ambleside.

Rev. William Brathwaiie, 8.A., of Jesus College, to the
curacy of St. Peter's, Jersey.

The Court Circular says that the Queen and her consort
will not return to Windsor from the North on the 15th, ac-
cording to the original announcement, but on the 19th.
THLNDER-STORM.—Up to Wednesday evening last we
had been free from any of those sudden and violent changes
of the weather which have visited other parts of the country ;
but about 7 o'clock an approaching storm was indicated by
fitful flashes of lightning playing among the clouds at the ex-
tremity of the southern horizon. Before eight o'clock the
storm increased in violence, and the distant sound of thunder
was heard at intervals of short duration. The lightning at
this time was much more brilliant, and the flashes followed
each other in rapid succession. About half-past eight the
effect of the electric fluid was truly magnificent, the whole
expanse of the eavens, momentarily illuminated in the most
beautiful manner, presenting one of the grandest scenes it is
possible to conceive. From Magdalene bridge the whole of
the churches and public buildings of the University within
reach of this position might be clearly distinguished, and were
beauiifully illuminated. As we watched the sudden and quick
returning movements of the sublime element, and its gradual
growth in intensity as it darted to and fro, and higher and
higher among the masses of black clouds amidst which it
seemed to sport, the thunder peals became louder and nearer,
the clouds blacker and denser, and the fast-descending rain,
and the rising winds, gave token that no ordinary storm was
perparing. About nine o'clock it had reached its climax,
and in the course of another half hour had abated consider-
ably of its fury. The chief feature of the storm, as it appear-
ed to us, was the lightning, which we never saw assume such
fantastic shapes, and its brilliancy at the height of the storm
was overpowering. We have not heard of any damage being
done in this city or neighbourhood, beyond the smashing of
numerous panes of glass in greenhouses and hothouses by the
large hailstones which at one time accompanied the storm.—
Oxford Herald.
NOBLE INSTANCE OF SELF-DEVOTION IN A MINER.--
A few weeks ago, two miners, named Verran and Roberts,
were at work in South Caradon new shaft (which is intended
to be sunk perpendicularly, through a granite country, to in-
tersect the lode at the depth of 140 fathoms). The present
depth is about ten fathoms, and they had prepared a hole for
blasting, the fuse inserted, tamped up, and all ready for
firing. On these occasions the men are drawn up by a wind-
lass, and, as they are only three in a core, there is only one
man at the brace, and he can only draw up one at a time—
consequently, after the hole is ready, one man is drawn up,
and the kibble lowered in readiness to receive the last man,
who has to put fire to the fuse, and then both men at the
windlass draw him up with the utmost speed, in order that
all may get out of the way when the explosion takes place,
which is sometimes so violent that large stones are thrown
up to the top, carrying with them part of the roller and wind-
lass to a considerable height. It unfortunately happened
that, as the safety fuse with which the hole was charged, was
longer than necessary, they inconsiderately took a sharp
stone to cut a piece of it off, and ignition instantaneously
commenced ! They both flew to the kibble, and cried out to
the man at the trace to " wind up ;" but, alas ! after trying
with all his might, he could not start them. At this awful
moment (while the furious hissing of the fuse assured them
that their destruction was within half a minute's march of
them) Verran sprung out of the kibble, exclaiming to his
comrade, Roberts, " go on, brother, I shall be in heaven in
a minute !"—consequently Roberts was drawn up, and Ver-
ran threw himself down, and placed his poor devoted head
under a piece of plank in one corner of the shaft, awaiting
the moment when he should be blown to atoms. Just as
Roberts got to the brace, and was looking down with trem-
bling apprehension on the fate of poor Verran, the hole went
off with a tremendous explosion, and a small stone struck
Roberts severely on the forehead as he was looking down the
shaft. To the inexpressible surprise and joy of the men at
the brace, they heard Verran cry out, " don't be afraid, I
am not hurted ! ' Roberts immediately descended, and found
that the great burden of the blast was thrown in every part
of the shaft except the corner where poor Verran was coiled
up This extraordinary circumstance has produced a consi-
derable sensation throughout the district ; not only do they
view the escape as a miraculous interposition of Divine Pro-
vidence, but the conduct of Verran, as a noble instance of
what a real Christian will do in the moment of extremity.—
Mining Journal.
Loss OF THE MONTAGU OF PElLTll.—Extract from a
letter dated Macao, the 10th of May Accounts have
just reached us of the total loss of the Montagu. She was
coming on from Bombay, principally laden with cotton, and
was classified as a fine vessel and a fast sailer ; but week after
week passed, however, after she became quite due, and no
Montagu made her appearance. At length, a few days ago,
a letter reached us from the captain. dated Manilla, at which
place he and all the crew had arrived in safety. It seems lie
bad got through Dampier's Straits, and in the Jillolo Passage
had very thick weather and calms, with strong currents run-
ning. On the morning of the 2d of March, at daylight, they
found themselves within three miles of a reef, with the cur-
rent setting them down right upon it. They got out all the
boats to try and tow her off, but without effect. About three
p.m., she struck, and at four o'clock had entirely disappear-
ed ; the crew being in the boats at the time escaped, but
without clothes of any kind cr provision. They got inside
the reef to a small island with three cocoanut trees, where
they remained for fifteen days, subsisting on fish, birds, &c.,
and after repairing their boats which had been damaged in
crossing the reef, they set out to look for vessels without
compass, chart,•or anything to guide them by. They were
picked up by a London vessel bound for the coast of Japan,
who supplied them with all their wants; and they again set
sail in their boats to reach the Dutch settlement of Farwate,
if possible. After being about fifteen days at sea, they were
picked up by a vessel bound for Manilla, where they all ar-
rived in safety the end of last month. She was a fine vessel,
and owned by Thomas Graham and Sons, of the fair city.
The captain, I believe, has sailed for England. Helen's
Shoal is the name of the reef on which she was lost"—
Perthshire Courier.

BRUTAL CASE OF STABBING.—On Tuesday evening last,
about half-past 8 o'clock, a most brutal and savage case of
stabbing occurred on the Chesterton-road, attended by cir-
cumstances of a most ruffianly and revengeful nature. The
following are the particulars, as tar as we have been able to
ascertain them :—lt appears that about nine months ago a
quarrel arose at the Wheatsheaf public-house, Chesterton,
between two men of the names of Nightingale and Larkins,
of that village, and after high words had been exchanged be-
tween the parties, they stripped and fought for a long time,
When
Nightingale was declared the victor. This so incensed
of v Larkins that ever since he has at times been heard to make use
very strong language, threatening the life of Nightingale,
Madb
-as upon several occasions followed him home late at night, a
and evinced very malicious spirit towards him, but had not
summoned u
Tuesday last, when
to carry his threats into execution until
Nightingale happened to go into the
Portland Arms,where Larkins and a man named Jolly had
been drinking all
the
evening. A quarrel had taken place
between Larkins and
him he had no business ta"her man when nightingale told
this the three men, onterfere in the matter. Soon after
out, and proceeded Larkins,towardshightingale and Jolly, went
far, however, before they began etsterton ; they had not gone
said to settle the matter he would quarrel, when Nightingale
fight
would not fight him, but he would riphis b---- g— out.
him ; Larkins said he
The other man, Jolly, attempted to keep
his endeavour received a slight stab on his Larkins off, but in
left eye. Larkins,
who was now very violent, rushed upon
aimed a blow at his thigh, but he only slightly gly grazed the
Nightingale and
skin • be then stabbed him in the arm, and inflicted
nearly four inches long and two inches in depititied a wound
fortunate man, finding he had been stabbed, ran back to tiihn.
Portland Arms, where the wound was dressed by Mr.*ra-ey'
surgeon, and he was conveyed home to Chesterton in a dan
gerous state. Larkins has been apprehended, and we hear-
will be examined this day at the Town-Jan.—Cambridge
Chronicle.

~.~ ~'~~,

PRESTON GUILD,

Through some error which we are are even now at a loss to
account for, we did not receive our special report of the pro-
ceedings on Wednesday and Thursday at this memorable
carnival until Saturday morning. We now however, subjoin
an abbreviated report of each day's occurrences since Tuesday.

W EDNESDAY.
Shortly after eight o'clock in the morning every avenue
into the town was crowded. The proprietors of all the mills
and manufactories in the town and its vicinity having also
agreed to give their hands a holiday, and pay them their
wages for the day, added greatly to the holiday people of the
town. On the lowest estimate 80,000 persons were congre-
gated in the town, enjoying festivities which, on account of
ancient local recollections of religious and commercial rites,
have attracted so much attention for many centuries in this
and the surrounding counties.
The grand ceremony of the day was the procession of ladies
from te Guildhall, in Church-street, preceded by the
mayoress, to the parish church. A mat was laid along the
street for a distance of upwards of 300 yards, each side being
lined by members of the Odd Fellows' Societies, who ex-
ceeded 3,000 in number. There were no devotional services,
but the sublime oratorio of the Messiah was given with very
excellent effect by a most efficient orchestra and chorus. The
chief performers were Miss Birch, Miss Scott, Miss Maria
B. Hayes, Mr. Hobbs, and Mr. Phillips. Miss Scott, a
young debutante, sang with great effect, and promising ex-
cellence for the future, whilst the performance of Miss Birch
was very much approved of. The church was crowded to
excess, and upwards of 3,000 persons were present.
The processions of the day were never excelled on any
previous occasion. Supplying as they did such interesting
reminiscences of former days, accompanied by historical
recollections of a very ancient date, the living scenery was
highly gratifying. At the head of the procession which
accompanied the ladies to the parish church was the ancient
order of Foresters, who were preceded by a cart, in which
was a fine buck, presented by the Earl of Derby for the
occasion. Robin Hood, Little John, and their " merrie
men," were seen in fancied reality. After these succeeded
the ancient order of Druids, with all the accompaniments of
the early religious and educational rites of the country. The
order of gardners, mustering upwards of 500, next followed,
being preceded by a model of a flower-garden, ornamented
with every description of flower at present in bloom, and
with the appropriate emblems of their profession. The vari-
ous other orders of the town followed in similar procession,
who altogether included upwards of 10,000 persons, all of
whom, engaged in loyal and peaceable pursuits, afforded a
most interesting contrast to the condition of the town within
the short space of three or four weeks.

The ladies' procession to and from the church was pre-
ceded by the excellent band of the 60th rifles. From an
early hour in the morning the town was the scene of melody
from the bands connected with the different societies. In

the evening a full-dress ball was held at the Guild ball-room,
in the Corn Exchange, at which upwards of 800 persons
attended.

THURSDAY.

This morninga grand performance of sacred music took place
in the chapel of St. Wilfred, the principal singers at which
were Rubini, Negri, Puzzi, Mademoiselle Pacini, Made-
moiselle Ostergeard, Mr. Phillips, and Miss Birch. At the
conclusion of the performances in the chapel, the Lady
Mayoress gave a public breakfast in the Exchange-rooms,
which was also numerously and fashionably attended. No
less than 800 ladies and gentlemen sat down, and a most
splendid dejeuner was provided by Mr. Lynn, of Liverpool.
The races wound up the enjoyments of the day. They con-
sisted of the contests for the Stewards' Purse of £5O, which
was won by Mr. King's (of Manchester) Atalanta; the Guild
Handicap of £l5O with £25 added, which was won by Mr.
Owen's Collina ; and the Holme Plate for £5O, added to a
sweepstakes of 5 sovereigns, which was won by Mr. King's
Atalanta.

The races drew together a vast assemblage, amongst which
were a great number of the swell mob and gamblers of every
grade, and several pockets were lightened of their contents.
Nothing has been heard of the £1,990, nor the parties who
eased the country gentleman of it on Monday last. It appears
that he had gone with it to Messrs. Pedder's bank, and, being
dissatisfied with the 21 per cent. offered on the deposit, he
was reserving it for a more liberal establishment, when he
was met in the crowd by a " gentleman of fashion," who with
a lady kindly offered to show him the best way of getting
through a mob, and whilst attending to the winning conversa-
tion of the frail fair one, her companion drew the book con-
taining the treasure from his breast pocket. On their leaving
him he immediately missed it ; but for his consequent excite-
ment the parties might have been secured.
After the races, in the evening, a grand concert, principally
of vocal music, was held in the theatre, at which the singers
before-named highly gratified the auditory by a display of
their vocal powers.

THE JESUITS.

(From the Protestant Magazine.)

A great meeting recently took place at Liverpool, having
for its object the building of a large church in that town
expressly for the Jesuits to exercise their vocation in. Now
we put it to the members of the Protestant Associations, to
Englishmen in general, (not being papists) and to the clergy
in particular,—we put it, not in the way of declamation, of
complaint, or remonstrance, but as a demand—Why do you
suffer the laws of your country to be trampled on, and the
whole population exposed to the workings of this leaven of
malice and wickedness? It would be incredible if we did not
witness it with our own eyes, and it is altogether inexplicable,
that men who rallied round our Protestant constitution in
1829, and who, seeing they could not avert the mischief de-
signed against it, laboured sedulously to strengthen what
remained, and to surround the fragment with every attain-
able safeguard, should now tamely, silently, and altogether
passively, if not complacently, look on, while those safeguards
are coolly, and at their leisure, taken down by the men
against whom they were erected. Whence this pusillanimity,
this treachery, on the part of English Protestants ? The
statutes enacted in our country against the order of Jesuits are
not only unrepealed, but were re-enacted, guarded by addi-
tional sanctions, in 1829 ; and the mercy of God in putting it
into the hearts of our legislators so to guard the country
from the climax of the curse, that mercy of God we now fling
back in His face, by refusing even to avail ourselves of it !
There is not a man in England who cannot lay an informa-
tion against any Jesuit who has set foot on England since
the month of April, 1829, or who has not registered his abode
in it between that month and the November following. For
the information of such as may not be aware of this fact, we
transcribe two sections of that disastrous bill :

" Sec. 28.—And whereas JESUITS, and members of other
religious orders, communities, or societies of the church of
Rome, bound by monastic or religious vows, are resident
within the United Kingdom, and it is expedient to make
provision for the suppression and final prohibition of the
same therein, Be it therefore enacted, that every JESUIT
and every member of any other religious order, community,
or society of the church of Rome, bound by monastic or re-
ligious vows, who at the time of the commencement of this
act shall be within the United Kingdom, shall, within six
calendar months after the commencement of this act, deliver
to the clerk of the peace of the county or place where such
persons shall reside, or to his his deputy, a notice or state-
ment in the form, and containing the particulars required to
be set forth in the schedule to this act annexed."
Any person failing to do this, the act proceeds, is to be
liable to a fine of fifty pounds a month for his neglect, and
the return so made is commanded to be enrolled in the records
of the county, a copy being sent to the secretary of the lord-
lieutenant.

" Sec. 29.—And be it further enacted, that if any JESUIT
or member of any such religious order, community, or so-
ciety, as aforesaid, shall, after the commencement of this
act, come into this realm, he shall be deemed and taken to
be guilty of a misdemeanor ; and being thereof lawfully con-
victed, shall be sentenced and ordered to be banished from
the United Kingdom for the term of his natural life."
The next section provides that Jesuits being natives of this
kingdom may return to it, on registering themselves as afore-
said ; and that a foreigner of the order may come into the
kingdom under a licence from one of the principal secretaries
of state to remain not longer than six months. Yet the
chairman of a meeting at Liverpool, at which 5000 persons
are said to have been present, rejoiced that the order of
Jesuits was about to be revived. Richard Sheil, Esq., ex-
ults in the RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SOCIETY OF
JESUITS. Next came O'Connell, and spoke as follows :

" The greatest blow ever yet inflicted upon religion was
the suppression of the order of the Jesuits, and accordingly
a bitter punishment has followed upon the nations that com-
mitted that crime. They have been punished with the
severity of a scourge of iron, and tears of blood would hardly
atone for the crime which they thus committed against them-
selves; they were abandoned to themselves, I think I may
without profaneness say it, by the just anger of the Deity !
But here they are again ! The Jesuits again ! I remember
the time when a man would have been knocked down who
ventured to call out Hurrah for the Jesuits !' " (The
meeting here gave three cheers for the Jesuits.) s
A Mr. Brewer, who announced himself a Benedictine,
(one of the illegal orders,) rejoiced in the cordial concurrence
of the vicar apostolic and romish priesthood of Liverpool in
the project for re-establishing the order of Jesuits in Liver-
pool.
. _

[On this subject " The Protestant Witness of the 3rd
instant, a periodical published in Manchester, has the fol-
lowing remarks :—" Grievously shall we be disappointed in
our Liverpool brethren, if they do not try whether the laws
of England arc but spiders' webs before the arrogant ad-
vances of Popery. We have long made up our minds that
the first distinct opportunity which may be furnished to us in
Manchester, we will try the question in a court of justice."]

RECEIPT FOR ICE CREAM.—Take a full cream-ewer, and
place it carefully in a bachelor's bosom. The cream will
freeze in seventeen seconds and a quarter.

QUEEN MARY'S OMNIBUS.—The carriage which conveyed
the Queen's ladies on this bridal expedition was a very droll,
vehicle, and, redolent as it was with red paint, must have
surpassed the splendour of a modern wild beast show. It
is graphically described in one of Mary's own orders, as
follows :—" We command you on the sight hereof, to deliver
to our well beloved Edmund Standon, clerk of our stable,
one waggon of timber work, with wheels, axletrees, and
benches ; and fine red cloth to cover the said waggon, fringed
with red silk, and lined with red buckram ; the waggon to
be painted outside with red ; also collar, draughts, and
harness of red leather. A hammercloth with our arms and
badges of our colours ; and all things pertaining to the said
waggon, whfch is for the ladies and gentlewomen of our
privy chamber,"—Miss Strickland's " Lives of the Queen's
of England."

HYDROPHOBIA.—Mr. Ainslie, veterinary surgeon, of
Nassau-street, Middlesex Hospital, has addressed to the
editor of the Standard the following observations on this
disease :—" In the human being it is called hydrophobia ; in
the dog and other animals rabies. We are unacquainted with
the nature of the poison, but it differs from all other poisons
by remaining apparently in a dormant state for weeks, or even
for months, and is not absorbed into the system for some
ti!lihmle.uesaafgtee ; weather—the
bite. No remedy is known for the disease,
when once it is developed. None of the nostrums which are
said to be cures can be relied upon. The cause of the disease
is equally unknown. Some have attributed it to the heat of
ut we
h" a v e
n e dog-dayspre ;"0 oftother. i t s to
The wantpre
present
t summerwater,
is the hottest we have known for man
only heard of one case in the
metropyolyise.arsfn many
I hi
climates the disease is unknown,
and it has raged a
andmoa
nab i sha vie
net
treatmentthe c o de st;
tthis weather.
ye r nhlaBv3eB
nlelti
hda no ol
one,es s thanm y
predecessors,
e casesdeeeus nder
Messrs. Blaine and Youatt as well as myself, have been
bitten by rabid dogs, and we' are all still alive ; and we have
operated on some hundreds of human beings who have been
bitten by rabid animals, and in no case has there been loss of
life. The preventive is as follows :—The person bitten should
as soon as possible thoroughly wash and cleanse the bitten
part; not suck the poison from the wound, as is too com-
monly done, for inoculation may take place by an abrasion
on the lip. If the wound be superficial and ragged, let the
edges be removed with a pair of scissors, and then apply
freely to every part the nitrate of silver, commonly called
lunar caustic, and which may be had in any druggist's shop.
If the wound be a punctured one, as in some cases it is from
the tusk of the animal going deep into the flesh, the stick of
caustic must be carefully pointed that it may reach the bot-
tom ; if necessary, the wound should be enlarged, care being
taken in the use of the knife, or the poison may be carried by
it over the fresh surface. The nitrate of silver completely
destroys the surface of the wound, and neutralises the poison,
which comes away with the destroved surface without the
absorbents acting upon it; and if freely applied to the part
affected, the patient may feel himself perfectly safe. Ido
not recommend the application of a poultice after the opera-
tion, but let the wound be exposed to the atmosphere ;and
should any inflammation ensue, it may be relieved by dress-
ings of olive oil."