The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-08-16 00:00:00

LIEN.-TAYLOR V. WALMSLEY.

This was an action in trover to recover 100 quarters of
wheat belonging to the plaintiff. The parties in the case
were Mr. William Taylor, merchant, at Derby, and the de-
fendants, Sir Joshua Walmsley and his partners, corn-mer-
chants, in this town.

Messrs. Wortley and Watson were counsel for the plain-
tiff, and Messrs. Baines, Crompton, and Martin for the de-
fendants.

It appeared from the facts of the case, which occupied a
great portion of the day, that the plaintiff purchased from a
Messrs. Saunders and Son, of Derby, 1000 quarters of wheat
under the following circumstances. In the middle of last
year a merchant at Derby, named Webb, ordered through
the defendants 4000 quarters of wheat from Marseilles. Of
this quantity he allowed' Messrs. Saunders to have half, and
the latter party sold to the plaintiff 1000 quarters. In March
he gave an order to the defendants, in whose bonded ware-
house the wheat was, to deliver the quantity purehased to
the plaintiff, but they refused on the ground that they had a
lien on them, and in order to prove this, it was shown that
the agreement between Mr. Webb and the defendants was,
that the latter were to hold the wheat for sale and to appro-
priate the proceeds of the sale to pay the purchase-money of
the wheat. Under these circumstances a verdict was eventu-
tually recorded• for the defendants. The court then ad-
journed.

NISI PRIUS COURT.-SATURDAY.

POLICY OF INSURANCE.-MACINTOSH AND ANOTHER V

MARSHALL.

This was an action to recover £550 on a policy of insurance
effected on a cargo of oil in the ship Elizabeth on her voyage
from St. John, Newfoundland, to Liverpool.
Mr. Wortleyand Mr. Crompton appeared for the plaintiffs;
Mr. Knowles and Mr. Tomlinson for the defendant.
Mr. Wo RTLEY said this was an action in which the plaintiffs,
Messrs. Macintosh and O'Dwyre, sought to recover from'
Mr. Marshall, an underwriter in London, the value of a
certain quantity of oil shipped on board the Elizabeth, which
was lost on her voyage from St. John to this country. The
plaintiffs were merchants in this town and in Newfound-
land, Mr. O'Dwyre residing at St. John and Mr. Macintosh
in Liverpool. In the month of January last the insurance
in question was effected. It appeared, that Mr. Macintosh,
the resident partner here, had passed the greater part of his
life in the military profession, and had subsequently taken
up this business and become an active partner. On the 26th
of January last he wrote to Mr. George Mackay, an insur-
ance broker in London, and directed him to effect an insur-
ance upon this oil. The letter he wrote was in the following
term :--" Liverpool, January 26th, 1842. We have advices
from St. John, of the 27th ult, of train oil being then
shipped on board the Elizabeth, Spencer, master, of this
port, a new vessel, to sail about the end of the month," and
directing Mr. Mackay to effect an insurance upon the oil for
£550. Mr. Mackay received this letter the next day, and he
lost no time in sending one of his principal clerks with the
letter to Lloyd's, who effected an insurance with the defendant
at 30s. per cent. The next day the price was higher, but Mr.
Marshall made no objection, merely observing, that if the i
vessel should be lost he should require to see all the plain-
tiff's papers. It turned out afterwards that the premium
noon this vessel rose from day to day, and it appeared she
m an prouaonny, rust ; at all event., she hart never up.„
heard of from that time to this. The grounds upon which
the defendant resisted the claim were various ; but the great
fight would be upon the plea which charged that the plaintiffs,
when the insurance was effected, concealed or misrepresented
a material fact, especially with reference to the sailing of the
Elizabeth. In point of fact, it turned out that the Elizabeth
did sail upon the 27th ; and, as he understood, the ground
upon which the defendant said the plaintiffs had been guilty
of concealment or misrepresentation was, that the plaintiffs
must have known that the vessel had sailed on the 27th, and
that in the letter of instructions for insurance they had not
stated that fact. He would recall to the minds of the jury
the terms of the letter ; it stated that the ship would sail
" about the end of the month." This, he contended, was
consistent with the best information which Mr. Macintosh
possessed at the time he wrote the letter. But Mr. Marshall,
the underwriter, had information of it, because the insurance
broker at Lloyd's had drawn his attention to the duplicate
list received by the Amelia, which stated that the Elizabeth
had sailed on the 27th ; of which Mr. Macintosh could not
then have known, because no information of it had then
arrived in Liverpool. The plaintiff had given:the best in-
formation which he had upon the subject ; therefore he had
done his duty and was entitled to the verdict of the jury.
Mr. Champion, managing clerk to Mr. George Mackay,
insurance broker, of London, produced the letter of the 27th,
addressed to Mr. Mackay, by the plaintiffs, requesting him
to effect an insurance for £550 upon the oil. Mr. Marshall,
•whom witness saw at Lloyd's, said he would take the risk at
305., and pointed out to him the duplicate shipping list,
from St. John's, received by the Amelia, on one side of
which it was announced that the Elizabeth had sailed from
St. John's on the 27th. The policy was not signed till the
next day, when the defendant said he was aware the vessel
had sailed on the 27th, and he should require to see the cor-
respondence, to ascertain whether Messrs. Macintosh were
aware of it. He had since seen the correspondence.
The policy was then put in and read.
Cross-examined by Mr. KNowLEs.—Considered that 30s.
was a fair premium for the risk at the time. Witness re-
ferred Mr. Marshall to the duplicate list, and told him that
the original was on board the Elizabeth. Heard next morn-
ing that policies had been effected the same day at £3 35.,
and the following day at £5 55., which would be the premium
upon a missing vesssl.
Cross-examined.—Had heard that a general insurance,
" by ship or ships," had been effected on the oil, during the
winter, at 255.
Mr. G. Oughterson, merchant, of Liverpool, said he
had some goods on board the Elizabeth. On the 21st of
January witness received a letter from Greenock ; and, the
day afterwards, he met Mr. Macintosh, and told him that he
had dates to the 27th, and nothing was said of the sailing of
the Elizabeth, but she ought to arrive by the time the letter
reached. The winds were adverse at the time. The passage
from Newfoundland varied. Sometimes it took 14 and some-
times 40 days.
Cross-examined.—The passages were under 20 days gene-
rally, but it depended on the season of the year. Mr. Mac-
intosh did not tell him that he had himself received letters
by the Amelia.
Mr. William Valance, merchant, Liverpool, said he had
advised Mr. Macintosh on the subject & this insurance:
The rates of insurance varied from 15s. to 30s. 50s. was a

winter rate. The winds were north at the time; and; if
witness had known the Elizabeth sailed on the 27th, be
should not have considered her a missing ship. Witness had
made the passage himself in 15 days and in 30. days. He had
resided 14 years in Newfoundland, and knew the trade. It

seldom occurred that a vessel reached Liverpool from New-
foundland in 20 days.
Mr. WORTLEY then proposed to put in the list shown to
the defendant at Lloyd's ; but Mr. KNOWLES objected, on
the ground that the defendant had not seen what was at the
back of it. At the back of it, there appeared an announce-
ment of the departure of the schooner Elizabeth from St.
John's on the 27th of December.
The JUDGE admitted the list.

This closed the plaintiff's case.
Mr. KwowLus, on the part of the plaintiff, said his
learned friend had not put before the court and jury all the
circumstances in the case. It was of the greatest importance
that the party who underwrites an insurance should be in-
formed of every circumstance, in order that he might be
enabled to calculate the premium to be charged. Unques-
tionably, in all contracts, the governing principle ought to be
the observation of good faith in all the circumstances, and
this principle was more especially applicable to the policies
of insurance. The question, then, was whether Mr. Macin-
tosh had misrepresented or concealed any circumstance which
was material in the case ; and he should demonstrate that
the plaintiff had concealed material circumstances which
would altogether have altered the premium, and, therefore, the
policy was void ; and he should further show that the plaintiff
had misrepresented. in his letter to the broker, some of the
facts. The first fact was the letter which the plaintiff had re-
ceived from O'Dwyer, at St. John, which contained this
passage :—" We have shipped for you, on board the schooner
Elizabeth, Spencer master, 3,479 gallons cod oil, 2,400 gal-
lons cod blubber, 21 cwt. old junk, X 550. She is to sail
about the 25th instant. She is a new vessel. You can
endeavour to save the insurance. Give three or four days : it
will all depend upon the weather you have at home." The
object of the parties, therefore, was this, not to insure at
all, so long as there was a chance of the Elizabeth coming
to port. This letter was dated the 24th December, and it
came to the hands of Mr. Macintosh on the 14th of January
wasw y Dwyer t
the
materialacinto
parts , a n sent
d
following, by steamer, and it would, therefore, come some-
what earlier than by a sailing vessel. Another letter of the
same date was
stoot-f it
weUTY
written,a(etdhbeythE?liD
sixteen zabeth) from
db"aylCyaso.suaciYiainnoguavlcleow herlasnserun a reasonabwleeraitshkertosavehave upon thethe insurance,
you
but all will depend upon the
defen-
dantahciunttoosnhlyhagdivennothhiimnfotimheedietfloiermatiet
o ther
esfi side." eh.e's'
Oug terson. This last
sailed on the 30th from e letters,MrM
which he had received Mr.from
letter came by the Amelia,
19th January, and the
plaintiff Amelia arrived at Cork on the
John, at which time the Elizabeth had sailed three days,
but there was endorsement upon it which
plaintiff would receive the letter in Liverpool on o(tnhtehlee 21st;e
counsel) could not understand, namely,
have been that it had beeanrned
re-
ceived upon the 24th. The fact was it must _ _
any thing was done in relation to the insurance ,
re-
ceived on the 24th. However, he took till the
.2a6nthd,btehfoenre.
having those letters* in his hand, he (the learned counsel)
Should contend that, at the time he effected the insurance,
the plaintiff must have had every reason to believe the Eliza-
beth was a missing ship, but he kept back the information

that she would sail about the 25th. Under these circum-
stances, he should contend that the policy was void.
The learned counsel then put in the letters of the 24th
December, from O'Dwyer to Macintosh, which he had re-
ferred to, and the material passages were read.
Mr. WORTLEY, in reply, said those letters were confiden-
tial communications between partner and partner, and that

they were no evidence of misrepresentation or , conceal-
ment.

The JUDGE, in summing up, told the jury, that the party
making an insurance was not bound to put an underwriter in
possession of his opinions, but facts he certainly must z and
he left it to the jury to say, whether the plaintiff had pro-
perly communicated what information he had to the under-
writer.

The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiffs, damages
£2OO, that being the actual amount which the defendant in-
sured for.

POLICY OF INSURANCE : QUESTION OF TOTAL LOSS.—
HEARNE V. HAY AND ANOTHER.
Mr. Baines and Mr. Watson appeared for the plaintiff ;
Mr. Wortley and Mr. Crompton for the defendants.
The declaration was on a policy of insurance effected oil a
ship called the Heron, which was wrecked on her voyage
from Liverpool to Malta. The plaintiff claimed £2OOO as
for a total loss : the defendants pleaded, that it was an
average loss of £7OO and no more,, and they had paid that
amount into court.
Mr. BAINES said the plaintiff was an English merchant,
residing at Valetta, in the island of Malta, and the vessel in
question, the Heron, was built there in the year 1840. The
defendants were two of the Directors of the Forth Ma-
rine Insurance Company ; and the action was brought to
recover as for the total loss' ,of the Heron on the 19th
March last. The Heron had been engaged in five voyages
before she last came from Alexandria to Liverpool ; and on
the 12th of January she set out on her voyage from Liverpool
to Malta, with a cargo of coals and copper. In con-
sequence of stress of weather she was obliged to put back
to Liverpool; she subsequently made two other attempts
to sail, but was obliged to put back by bad weather. On the
14th of March she sailed on the voyage on which she was
unfortunately wrecked. The weather almost immediately
came on to be very bad; and on the 13th of March, having
in vain attempted to make Kingstown harbour, she was
driven into the Bay of Carnarvon, where she became so com-
plete a wreck that she was unworthy of being repaired, inas-
much as the expense of it would be greater than the value of
the ship after the repairs had been made. He therefore con-
tended, that he should be entitled to treat her upon the
,footing of a total loss. He understood the defendant would
rely upon a survey, which had subsequently been found to
be defective. Some communications were made to the de-
fendants, and, among others, one of an intention on the part
of the shipowner, or those who acted with him, to abandon
the vessel. .He (Mr. Baines) was not in a condition to prove
the notice of abandonment, but he held in his hand a letter
from the Co. acknowledging the receipt of that notice ad-
dressed to Messrs. A., F., and R. Maxwell, the agents of the
vessel. In this letter they declined accepting the abandonment,
but stated, they had given authority to Mr. Robt. Griffiths,
Loyds' agent at Pwllbeli, to survey the wreck. The vessel was
got off the place where she had been wrecked, and put upon
the patent slip at Carnarvon. Negotiations took place ; some
delay followed ; and, there being a difference of opinion
between those who had made the calculations upon which
the plaintiff relied, and those who had made those on which
the defendants relied, the plaintiff determined at once

to procure the highest authority he could find in this town.
A gentleman of the name of Bayley, who bad been concerned
in ship building a great part of his life, and had had much to
do with the inspection of ships, with two other honourable
and respectable gentlemen, Mr. Challoner and Mr. Russell,
were sent to the spot. They took a diligent survey of every
thing ; they discovered many injuries which had not been
observed before ; and they came to an unanimous conclusion
that the vessel was one which no prudent man, supposing
him to be uninsured, would think of repairing. If the jury
should be satisfied of this, he should be entitled to their ver-
dict as for a total loss. The learned counsel cited the case
of " Cambridge v. Anderton," on the authority of which he
contended, that, under the circumstances, he should be en-
titled to recover as for a total loss ; and that of " Allan v.
Segrew' " to show what constitutes a total loss. He con-
cluded by stating, that, if he established these facts to the
satisfaction of the jury, he should be entitled to their verdict
for a total loss.

Antonio Caracci, captain of the Heron, proved the several
puttings back of the ship, and her final wreck, in Carnarvon
Bay, on the 19th of March. She was a total wreck : the
false keel was lost, the planks were staved in, and the rudder
was gone. .

Cross-examined.—Sold the cargo on the 20th or 21st of
March, and told Messrs. Maxwell of it the same day. Did
not see the bottom of the vessel till the 23rd or the 24th.

Could not swear whether he had or had not paid, on the
24th, that the vessel looked very well, except ber bottom.
Knew nothing of her being towed afterwards into Carnarvon
harbour, because he was sick.
Re-examined.—Was sick at that time, in consequence of
one of the crew having bit off one of his fingers.
James Bayley, Surveyor for the Liverpool Registry of
Shipping, said he went, in May last, to Carnarvon, to exa-
mine the wreck of the Heron. Went by direction of the
Committee of the Registry of Shipping, and not by the re-
quest of Messrs. Maxwell. The witness then described the
state of the vessel, and said, that in his opinion, it would
have taken more than £l,OOO to repair her. In July he and
Mr. Challoner and Mr. Russell made a detailed survey of
her, and they agreed•that it would take £1,450 to repair her.
She was not worth repairing. She was entirely built of
Adriatic oak, and was of 230 tons.
Cross-examined.—Was not sent down by Messrs. Max-
well, in order to see if he could not condemn the vessel; but
he should infer that that was their object. The vessel was
inferior to a British-built vessel of the same kind ; but she
would be a fast sailer.
Mr. Thomas Challoner, shipbuilder, of the firm of Messrs.
Challoner and Russell, said he, Mr. Russell, and the last
witness examined the ship. She was a complete wreck. Mr.
Price was there, and he took part in the measurements. She
could not have been repaired for less than £1,450, which
would be more than she would be worth after she had been
repaired.
Cross-examined.—The vessel might certainly have been
repaired, but she was not worth it.

Mr. Wilton Russell gave similar testimony.
Mr. Thomas Milcrist, shipbuilder, proved that the prices
on which the estimate of the repairs had been founded were
waaal and proer.
Mr. rear Cato, shipbuilder, connrmed Mr. mucrist.
The letter from the Forth Company to Messrs. Maxwell
was then read and put in : it declined to accept the abandon-
ment.

This closed the plaintiff's case.
Mr. WORTLEY asked
Jut}' upon the proposition laid
opinion he should go to the jr
his Lordship whether he was of
than she would be worth
after the repairs had been made, and also upon the question
down by his learned friend, that it was a total loss if a ship
could not be repaired for less money
of average loss ?
'The JUDGE.—I think you had better do it on both points.
Mr. WORTLEY then addressed the jury on the part of the
onlyor an question
averagest ion was,las s
,whetheretnhaeble plaintiff
them
to come to a correct conclusion upon that point, he should
wasun d erw
entitledri ter
to aT
be obliged to take a short review of the circumstances and to
refer to several cases in the books. This vessel was a Maltese
vessel, and it was evident that the witnesses looked upon her
with contempt, and, no doubt,•she was much inferior to a
thoet a l
British vessel of the same class. The plaintiff had made a
great show of the opinions of Mr. Parry, the agent at Lloyd's,
having visited the wreck ; but they had not ventured to call
him. There was, from first to last, an evident desire (he
did not say an improper desire) on the part of all parties to
get rid of her. This was, established beyond doubt ; for
the Captain, the very day he got ashore, sold the cargo; he
had extracted from Mr. Bayley that Messrs. Maxwell were
anxious to abandon the vessel. But he contended it would
not do for the owners, who had reference to her reputation,
and, therefore, would not spend so much money upon her,
to treat her as a total loss. He apprehended she could not
be considered a total loss, unless it had been proved she was
damaged to the extent that she could not be restored to her
original quality, and for reasonable purposes. It was ne-
cessary to constitute a total wreck, that the vessel should be
utterly broken up, a mere congeries of planks, but so far
• from that, it had been proved that the Heron could be
repaired and become a ship again. If it remained a ship, it
could not be a total loss, for she was so perfect that she was
floated into Carnarvon harbour, and, in order to be inspected,
they had actually to take up her planks. The learned coun-
sel then cited a number of authorities against the principles
of total loss, as laid down by Mr. Baines; after which, he
suggested. that, if the Jury should find it was an average and
not a total loss, the exact amount should be ascertained out
of court. if they found it was a total loss, it was known
at once.
Mr. BAINES intimated his assent to this suggestion.
Mr. WORTLEY then said a few more words in support of
his proposition, that this was not a total loss. It could not
be a total loss, because the wreck retained the character of a
ship, and it had not been shown she could not be repaired.
The JUDGE then directed the Jury. The only question
was, whether there had been a total or an average loss. If
the damage was of a nature that it might have been repaired,
it was not a total; but, if the loss could not be repaired by
means which were reasonably within reach of the party who
was to repair, it was a total- loss.
The Jury immediately returned a verdict for the plaintiff
for a total loss, for £2,000, including the £7OO paid into
court.

" CLOSING AS HE BEGAN."
THE CLERK of the COURT—There is only one cause left,
No. 79. Is any gentleman instructed in No. 79, " Whitley
v. Gamble ?'"
The JUDGE—Does any gentleman appear in " Whitley v.
Gamble ?"
Mr. CROMPTON—There is no plaintiff, my lord.
The JUDGE—Then we must end as we began, by striking
ont.—(Laughter.)
• " No. 79, Whitley v. Gamble," was then formally struck
out ; and the Judge immediately retired.
The business of the Assizes closed exactly at a quarter
before four o'clock.

THE CAUSE LIST.
SALFORD HUNDRED.
Plaintiff.-Nos. 2,3, 4,6, 7,8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 20,
21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 47,
52, 57, 58, 64, 65.
Defendant. -Nos. 53, 60, 61.
Withdrawn.-Nos. 5, 10, 13, 16, 41, 42, 54, 62, 63.
Referred.-Nos. 1, 19, 33, 35, 43, 45, 46, 48, 50, 65, 56, 59.
Struck out.-Nos. 44, 49.
Nonsuit-Nos. 18, 23, 51.
WEST DERBY HUNDRED.
Plaintiff.-Nos. 1,3, 5,6, 8, 9. 12, 16,,20, 22, 26, 30, 31,
33, 47, 48, 50, 51, 53, 54, 59, 61, 63,
65, 66, 68, 74, 75, 81, 83,
Defendant.-Nos. 2,7, 40, 41, 60, 62, 73.
Withdrawn.-Nos. -4, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21, 23, 25,
27, 28, 32, 36, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 55, 57, 58, 64,67, 69,
72, 76, 77, 78, 80, 82.
Referred.-Nos. 34, 49.
Struck out.-Nos. 8, 25, 29, 35, 37, 33, 79'
.Remanets.-Nos. 19, 70, 71.

As a proof of the supposed secrecy which the vote by ballot
ensures, one of the Paris papers publishes the names of all
the parties who voted for M. Dufaure on the late election for
the presidency.
A SPLENDID SHlP.—Messrs. Grinnell, Minturn, and
Co. have, in these dull times, laid down the timbers of a ship
of fourteen hundred and fifty tons, for their Liverpool line.
This will be the largest of all the packet-ships, and superior
in all respects, so far as it is possible to do better, than the
best of what is past.—New York paper.
It is confidently reported that Lord Hill, in consequence
of the state of his health, has expressed a wish to resign the
office of commander-in-chief of the army. We understand
that the Duke of Wellington will, on Lord Hill's retire-
ment, be invited by her Majesty to resume the command of
the army.
CRITICAL POSITION OF THE DUKE OF SAXE COBURCH.
—An Ostend journal gives an account of a critical position
in which the Duke of Saxe Coburgh was placed on the 2nd
instant, whilst shooting sea-gulls. It appears that the Prince
set out at four in the evening in his carriage, to proceed along
the strand towards Blackenbergh. Whenever a sea-gull
appeared, the carriage stopped, and the prince fired. The
tide was coming in fast, and consequently the carriage was
frequently in the water. After one stoppage, a little longer
than usual, it was found impossible for the horses to move
the carriage, which had sunk up to the axletrees in the sand.
The prince was obliged to get out, and reached terra firma
on the shoulders of the postilion. Additional horses were
procured after some time, and the carriage was dragged out.
The Duke returned to Ostend the same evening at a late
hour.

THE ANTI-CORN-LAW LEAGUE RIOTS.

MANCHESTER.

THURSDAY.—The appearance of things this morning was
decidedly of a more alarming nature than before. The dis-
turbers were on the alert at a very early hour, and a meeting
of many thousand people had assembled by half-past five
o'clock, in Granby Row Fields. Several of the Chartist
leaders got up to address them, but soon after six o'clock
the proceedings were suddenly brought to a close, by the in-
terference of the civil and military authorities. Sir Charles
Shaw led on a body of police and special constables, and a
strong body of the Dragoons and Rifles accompanied them.
This force halted near Carpenter's Hall, being within sight
of the vast assemblage, and immediately afterwards Major-
General Sir Wm. Warre, Commander of the Northern Dis-
trict, (who, with his Aide-de-camp, Captain Fanshaw, of
the 12th regiment, had arrived from Chester during the
night,) came up with a detachment of the Royal Artillery,
and two field pieces. W. Neild, Esq., the major ; D.
Maude, Esq., police magistrate ; and J. Kershaw, Esq., a
borough and county magistrate, who had accompanied this
force, here took up a position in front on horseback, and the
mayor read the riot act. Previously to reading the riot act,
the mayor rode up to the parties on the husting, and stated
that the authorities had come to the determination, after what
had occurred, to allow no such meeting as this ; that they
were not averse to the liberties of the subject being employed
to the fullest extent consistent with the preservation of the
peace, but, after what had occurred, they thought that meet-
ings of this description were calculated to excite and disturb
the public mind. Entertaining this opinion, they held such
meetings to be illegal, and were determined to disperse them.
This announcement was received with manifestations of great
displeasure by the meeting, but the riot act was read in the
face of this expression of feeling, and the magistrates with-
drawing (the two field pieces having been pointed in a direc-
tion to command the centre of the field) Major-General Sir
Wm. Warre put himself at the head of the dragoons, and
dashed into the thick of the meeting. This had the effect of
very quickly dispersing the assemblage, though we believe
no one was hurt by the soldiers. The whole body of military
then moved forward to the centre of the field, and the field
pieces remained on the spot where the hustings had been
erected during the remainder of the day.
Effective as this step had been in dispersing this great as-
semblage of people, however, it was far from restoring the
town to a state of quietude. In fact, about nine o'clock, the
whole of the southern part of the borough, including Gar-
ratt-road, Brook-street, Oxford-road, Greenheys, &c., pre-
sented the appearance of a town almost given up to pillage.
The shops were generally closed, and bands of from 20 to 50
youths were parading the street, and knocking at the doors
of the shops to ask for food. The terrified shopkeepers
looked upon the requests as demands, and it is almost un-
necessary to say, that most of the timid gave money or
bread. The limited number of policemen at the disposal of
the authorities was quite insufficient to meet such an emer-
gency. It was impossible to have a strong body of police for
every street, and the ill-feeling displayed towards them by
the working classes, rendered it unsafe for them to walk
about separately, or by two or three only. The consequence
has been that during this day the proceedings of the mobs
we have described have been felt by the.smaller class of
shopkeepers as a peculiar hardship. We could mention se-
veral provision shops—the whole stock of goods in each of
which perhaps would not be worth more than a dozen pounds
—that had been visited by no less than six or eight gangs of
men and boys before twelve o'clock in the day, none of which
went away empty-handed. It is needless to say, that some
of these shopkeepers, being little able to spare anything,
complained bitteriy, and began to entertain notions of re-
sistance. Some few of the shopkeepers resorted to the ex-
pedient of taking down the blinds from their windows, to
give the housa an appearance of being uninhabited, and fur-
ther added to the deception by the writing " to let" on the
shutters.

In the mean time, it is due to the authorities to state that
they were not idle. A body of 200 pensioners and 90 other
persons were sworn in at the Town-hall to act as special
constables, making, with 470 special constables sworn in on
Wednesday, and a number of workmen who had been sworn
in at the different mills, an additional police of about 1,000
men, and strong bodies of these assistants were despatched,
in company with parties of the regular police, to different
parts of the town where it was thought there was the most
pressing necessity for their presence. The majority of the
manufacturers had not thought it prudent to start their mills
this day, but great bodies of men were parading the streets,
visiting them in succession, to see that no work was going
forward. Messrs. Stirling and Beckton persisted in working,
but a mob broke into a coal-yard behind the mill, in Chep-
stow-street, about eight o'clock, and commenced throwing
stones at the windows, and fearing the destruction of their
property, they at length consented to turn out their hands.
The turn-out in Salford was again almost general.
Rumours were afloat at noon that several policemen had
been killed in different parts of the town, but it was impos-
sible to get very accurate information, and dangerous to seek
it in some quarters of the town. A large body of police
having taken up a position at the corner of Charles-street,
Oxford-road, about twelve o'clock, with a view to protecting
the large mills there, and the shopkeepers, a few of them
made an attempt to secure a party of men who were demand-
ing bread at a shop in Clark-street, when a furious attack
was made on them by the populace, and it was said that two
of them were killed. We saw one of them carried away
soon afterwards, in an apparently lifeless state, by a company
of the 60th Rifles.

An attack was made during the morning on a provision
shop in Bridge-street, but the police came up and inter-
fered, making ten prisoners, who were promptly sent off to
the New Bailey prison. The police apprehended another
man in Portland-street during the morning, under similar
circumstances.

FRIDAY.—This morning the whole of Manchester was in a
much more pacific state state than it had been since Monday,
but the rioting as will be seen was resumed during the day.
The placards on the walls announcing meetings of the trades
were numerous.

Messrs. Wilson and Brothers of the Adelphi print-works,
Salford, resumed work this morning, all their hands being
taken on. This was speedily made known amongst the
rioters ; and so early as seven o'clock a large crowd presented
themselves at the entrance-gate, Adelphi• street, and de-
manded that the hands should be turned out. We believe
one of the Messrs. Wilson expressed a determination that
the mill should not be stopped, and stated that he had a body
of police in the yard to protect it. The gates were then
closed, and the crowd proceeded to throw stones over the
Wan body of the police rushed out, and .1.-- 4i.. crowd
back ; most of them then went round to the south side of the
building, and hurled showers of stones at the windows, evi-
dently determined to destroy as much property as they could.
The police again made a sally, and drove the crowd away ;
but, before they had succeeded a nrivate watchman, who had
stationed himself at one of the windows inside, discharged a
blunderbuss loaded with No. 4 shot, at the legs of the assail-
ants; and five of them, we regret to say, were wounded.
They were carried off to the Salford Royal Dispensary; and
the mob being thus intimidated, no further violence was
attempted, and the works proceeded without interruption up
to the hour at which we write.

The following are the persons who suffered from the firing
of the watchman's blunderbuss. Edward Welch, about 20
years of age, of Griffin-court, Adelphi, was wounded in the
right leg, which had been perforated near the knee by about
thirty shots. This man was by far the most seriously injured,
but it was not apprehended that any fatal result would follow.
Win. Kitchen, a middle-aged man, Dickinson-st., was slightly
wounded in one leg, only a few shots having entered it. John
Baker, Id, Blakeley-street, Manchester; John Arkwright, a
middle-aged man, Adelphi; and Thomas Hayes, a middle-
aged man, Style-street, Salford, were each slightly wounded
in the legs with small shot. Their wounds were promptly
attended to by the medical officers of the Dispensary.
Several shops and works commenced operations this morn-
ing, but were soon compelled to stop by the mobs. Nearly
all the shops in the midst of the town were closed in conse-
quence of a recommendation of the magistrates. A body of
400 or 500 men this morning went to Godley station, on the
Manchester and Sheffield railway, and insisted on the stop-
page of all the trains, The superintendent told them he was
only a servant of the company's, and had no power, but they
threatened to destroy the property of the company unless
their demands were complied with, and he was at length
compelled to promise that the trains should cease running.
The consequence was that only one train left after nine until
one o'clock at noon. The one which did start, on arriving
at Ashton, was stopped by a body of above 1,500 men, who
were on their way to a meeting at Hyde, and who threw
stones at the train as it was coming in at the station. The
consequence was that it proceeded no further. A strong
body of Dragoons arrived about noon, and the trains then
commenced running again. At the Oldham junction of the
Manchester and Leeds line, a large mob collected and in-
sisted on the trains stopping. The company made an appli-
cation for military aid at the Manchester Town-hall; and
about ten o'clock Mr. Alderman Walker, county magistrate,
went up the line with a detachment of the rifle brigade.
They remained there about an hour, and then retired, leaving
all quiet. At twelve o'clock another great assemblage col-
lected at the same place, and threatened to tear up the rails ;
but no attempt was made to put the threat into execution,
and all the trains arrived at the times at which they were re-
spectively due.
A general meeting of the trades was held at the Carpen-
ters' Hall, when resolutions of a decidedly political charac-
ter were passed. The town-council met in the course of the
day, and resolved upon sitting every day during the riots, for
the purpose of offering every assistance to the authorities.
The mobs separated at the close of day, and at midnight the
streets resumed almost their wonted quiet.
(From our own correspondent.)
SATURDAY.—We are glad to have it in our power to report,
that the town generally is this morning more tranquil than
it has been since the outbroak of the riot. The interruptions
to the general tranquility to-day have, hitherto, been slight
and few in number. This is doubtless attributable, in some
degree, to the very large number of persons who have, with
the utmost promtitude, come forward and enrolled them-
selves as special constables. At the same time, the circum-
stance that none of the mills, except the Messrs. Birley's
and Messrs. Kennedy's, as far as we can learn, have attemp-
t:if to start work to-day, has no doubt led to this temporary
lull.
As early as half-past seven In, the morning, a mob, of the
usual character, made an onset gin the bricklayers and labou-
rers employed at the new buildings in Pool Fold, (the same
as were attacked yesterday,) and compelled them to cease
work. We cannot help thinking that, had anything like a
show of resistance been made, so as to gain time to send to
the town-hall, only a few yards distant, most or all of the
perpetrators of this impudent ontrage might have been se-
cured. Indeed, a detachment of the mounted patrol rode
by not five minutes after. At other buildings in the town
and neighbourhood, where masons or bricklayers are em-
ployed (including the new church in the Stretford-road) the
same course of intimidation has been successfully practised.
Another seditious meeting, under the guise of a meeting
of trades' delegates, has been held at the Socialist's Hall,
this morning, at eleven o'clock. There was a very crowded
attendance. A person whose name we could not learn, but
who was said to be the foreman of Mr. Worrall's dye-works,
in Salford, was in the chair. There was a great deal of
wrangling in the course of the proceedings, but ultimately a
a resolution, pledging the men not to return to work till the
people's charter was obtained, was carried by about three-
fourths of the meeting. Though there was much squabbling,
we have not heard that any breach of the peace occurred.
A. small body of the rioters went to the Manchester and
Leeds Railway to stop the mechanics employed there. They
were quickly dispersed by a body of policemen who had been,
lodged within the station, In the afternoon, the same rail-
way was visited again, and an attempt was made to stop one
of the trains which was going out. The engineer was drag-
ged off the siding, and the water was let off from the engine
by the multitude, so that it became necessary to put out the
fire to prevent the destruction of the machine. Another en-
gine
was promptly hooked to the train, and it was got off in
the very face of the people,
The turn-outs proceeded from the railway station to St.
George's Fields, where, it is said, one of them exclaimed,
" Five pounds to the man who knocks the first brick out of
the engine-house !" The police arriving opportunely at the
spot, the mob dispersed.
The streets of Manchester, on Saturday night, were almost
deserted, and the markets and shops presented a very odd
appearance when compared with that which they usually ex-
hibit. The butchers had not killed or brought forward one-
half the quantity of meat which they generally offer on the
Saturday night, being apprehensive, first, that it would not
find purchasers, and that it would remain on their hands ;
and, next, that it might, probably, be taken from them by
violence.
SUNDAY.—Throughout to-day there was not the slightest
show of disturbance. Every thing wore an aspect of " Sab-
bath calm," and a stranger visiting the town would never
have surmised that such outrages as we have described had
recently been perpetrated. The streets were quiet, and not in
any quarter was there a Vestige of disturbance, or even a

solitary knot of individuals to rouse a suspicion that such a
thing was contemplated. A placard was, however, issued,
calling a meeting of delegates at the Sherwood Inn, Tib-
street, on Monday.

A resolution is appended to the above placard, stating,
that no person whatever will be admitted to the meeting
without furnishing proof that he is really a delegate from the
trade to which he belongs. The document is without date,
but, as it made its appearance before the public yesterday
morning, we presume that is the date intended.
Notwithstanding the entire tranquility which prevailed
on Sunday, all the peaceably-disposed are full of anxiety for
the result of to day, (Tuesday, the 16th instant,) the anni-
versary of Peterloo. The only doings announced are the
formal opening of the monument to the memory of Hunt, in
the burial ground of the chapel of the Rev. Joseph Schofield,
and a commemorative tea-party which is to take place in the
evening. It is feared, however, that, if the Chartists really
contemplate any outbreak of a more serious character than
those which have already occurred, Tuesday will he the day
chosen for the purpose. Considerable apprehensions are
also entertained lest there should be some renewal of the dis-
turbances this morning, (Monday) in consequence of an ex-
pressed determination on the part of some of the mill owners
to go to work, if they can but obtain protection. This, of
course, will be afforded to them as far as possible. Some
reinforcements of military have already entered the town.
On Sunday morning the 58th Regiment of infantry, 700
strong, arrived from Dublin Dia Liverpool, and the Ist or
Grenadier Regiment of Foot Guards, by the Manchester and
Birmingham Railway, from London. The same train also
brought a troop of the Royal Horse Artillery and two field-
pieces, with a quantity of ammunition. The regiment first
named has been billeted in different parts of the town : the
Guards occupy the Infantry Barracks, Regent-road, Salford,
and the Artillery are stationed at Bywater's Royal Horse
Bazaar, Peter-street. Considerable further reinforcements
were expected from the south.
The latest particulars connected with these outbreaks will
be found in another column, as. collected by our reporters up
to last night, (Monday.)