The Statesman.
London, England, 1823-07-11 00:00:00

THE ARMY.

PORTSMOUTH, JULT 9.—Tbe 24th Regiment is landed'
and marched into Ha.slar Barracks, Gosport.
The 17th Regiment will march into Colewort Bar-
racks on Monday next.
►t is reported that the Royal Marine Artillery are to
occupy Fort Cumberland, its neighbourhood aifurding
extent of ground sufficient for throwing their shells,
without interfering at all with the public.
The Review on Hounslow Heath on Tuesday next,
will be rendered peculiarly interesting by the presence of
a detachment of the Rocket Corps, who will exhibit the
powers of the Congreve rocket.

PUILOSONI6IOI Sropra.—A letter from New York,
dated June 9, says —" If the long-sought-for philosopher's
stone, by which baser substances could be transtnuted
into gold, has not yet been found, an invention of still
greater importance has at length crowned the efforts of
American chemists. It has long been known that tho
diamond, the most precious of all sitbstences,is composed
of carbon in its pure state. But although the powers of
chemical analysis have been sufficient by repeated ex-
periments clearly to establish this fact, yet the know.
ledge of it was of no practical importance to the world.
because the powers of synthesis failed, and no mode bad
been devised of imitating nature by uniting the consti-
tuents of this precious gem. In other words, the philo-
sopher was able to convert diamonds into carbon, bot he
was ignorant of the art of converting carbon into dia-
monds. If the experiment! of Professor Silliman can
be relied on, this desideratum has in part been @applied.,
The last number of his Journal of Science contains an
article on the philosophic instrument called the Delia-
grstor, iovented by Professor Hare of Puilatlelphia, by
which it appears that charcoal, plumbago, and anthra-
cite, have been fused by the power of that instrument,'
and transmuted into diamonds."

1 f.

10 ki(
Jo il/4

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11..141*PERS OF TUESDAY.

(From the Journal des Debate.)
Extract of a private letter from Madrid, dated 2d July
—General Morillo, having learnt that the Cortes had de.
creed the degradation of the King, has add dto his
army and to the inhabitants of the provinces which he
commands, the two proclamations afterwards noticed.—
We are assured that he demanded, at the same time, au
armistice, but that be had received for answer, that there'
could be ao mispeuelos of arms, except on condition of
his recogoisieg the Regency (of Madrid).
It is announced that Morillo has dismissed Wraps
from his command, and that the latter has retired to Co.
flume, where he wishes to embark with his wife and fa-
mily.
The first Proclamation by Morillo to the " Soldiers of
dm Fourth Army," is dated Headquarters, Lugo, 26th
Jane, 1823:
" Soldiers—You hate declared your resolution not to
obey the orders of a Regency which the Cortes have in-
stalled at Seville, depriving the Constitutional King of his
attributes in a winner reprobated by our social paot.
Meted by the same sentiments as you are, I have formed the
same wishes, and I declare to you that I do not recocnize
the Government which the Goats have established in art
dilegal manner; but nevertheless it is not proper to abandon
these provinces to the horrors of anarchy. I will preserve
the command of the army, and, aided by the Junta of Go•
vernment, I will take such measures as circumstances re.,
quire, owning no other authority until the King and the
Nation establish the sort of Government which ought to rule
the country.

".Our first duty Is to preserve the public tranquillity, and
not to suffer any person to be insulted, nor any disorder to
be committed, nadir the pretext of political opinions, or
I any other pretext.
" A flag of tree* will make known our determination to
the French General who is opposed to us, and to whom t
will propose to suspend hostilities. If he do not accede to
my propositions, and if he require from us humiliating
conditions, then you must prepare to fight. Yoa have told
me that I merit your confidence, and you have made me the
depositary of the honour of the army. I well know now to
preserve it; mud whatever may be the douses which' sur-*
round as, never will I yield with ignominy.
"Soldiers—Almost all of yoq belong to these provinces,
and your fathers, your brothers, your fellow-countrymen,
have need of you to preserve peace and tranquillity, with-
out which persons and property are compromised. Never
wad your presence more accessory under your standards ;
and I doubt not that, penetrated with the noble duty which
is confided to you, you will give me constant proofs of your
discipline and union.
" Read-quarters, Lugo, Jdne 20.
(Signed) " The Count de CARTHAGENA."
The following is the woad Proclamation addressed to the
Inhabitants of the provinces:—
" Inhabitants of the provinces, comprised In the district
of the Fourth Army.
" New that we have seen fell oonermadon of the intelli-
gence, that dos Cortes at Seville have named a Regency, by
depriving the King of his powers without the case pros ided
for by the Constitution having arrived, without any of the
forms required by the regulation and the ordinances having
been observed; 'I have received deputations of the chiefs
and officers of the 2d and 3d divisions, who have declared to
me that the troops were determined not to recognize this
Regency. The Inhabitants have declared themselves in the
same sense ; and as I would not wish to suffer the army to
disorganize itself, and a ferocious anarchy to carry dessola-
tion to the provinces, I hate determined to proclaim in a
public and IL:teflon manner, that I do dot recognize the
Regency established by the Cortes in Seville, because the
Constitution has been violated by this illegal act, and be-,
Muse I would by no means wish to be an accomplice of
those evils which, according to all appearance, will be pro-
duced by this inconsiderate proceeding.
" Bat in order not to act lightly, and to be entirely as-
sured of the state of public opinion relative to :he events
at Seville, I have assembler, this 'doming all the Authori-
ties, ecclesiastical, civil, and military, and I have con-
vinced myself that the inhabitants participate absolutely in
the sentiments of the troops, and that it is impossible to
recognize a Government which is the result of an act the
most illegal.
" In consequence I have made the following order
" I. The inhabitants of the provinces which and end
prehended in the district of the Fourth Army, and th
troops composing that army, do not recognise the Regene.
instal led by the Cortes at Sethie on the 11th inst.
" 2. In order to maintain order in the provinces, and to
protect the persons end properties of the inhabitants, I pre-
serve the command of tie army with the same pdwers which
I had before. Desiring, moreover, to give My measures the
wisdom so necessary to actual circumstances, I have re-
solved that each provincial deputati ,n, in concert with the
superior eeclesiastieal, civil and military authorities existing
In the capital, should name an individual from within or
without their body, who will repair immediately to our head
quarters for the purpose of forming, with other members
nominated by the different deputations and authorities,a.funta
of Government to which the examination of difficult affairs
may be submitted.
" 3. This order of things will subsist un4l the King and
the anion adopt a system of regular government.
" 4. Persons and property remain under the protection of
the laws, the Authorities, and an armed force. No insult or
disorder will be perm • d under the pretext of past opinion
or political conduct ; sod he who will excite disorder shall
be punished, as a disturber of public order, to the utmost
extremity of the law.

" 3. The existing laws shall be maintained in all their
vigour, except those relative to offences for opinion,
which are henceforward abolished ; because no person cam
be prosecuted or disturbed fot those opinions which he
heretofore entertained: and hereafter he only shall be
punished in this respect, who shall attempt to trouble pub-
lic order.

" Such are the rules which I thought it necessary to esta-
blish; as the basis of Government, during the time that this
provisional order of things shall continue. My intentions
are pure, and I have no other desire than to preserve, as far
as is possible, this province from invasion, end to maintain
peace and order, and to preserve inviolable the honour of
the nation and of the army.
" As some days must pass before the individuals whose
duty it is to name the provincial deputations to compose
the Provisional Junta cf Government can inert, I have in
the mean time formed one. composed of the Bishop of this
Diocese, of the Political Chief of the Province, of the Mar-
quess de Vella 91v.!4, Deputy of the Province of Vigo ; of
D. Jose Montero, Deputy of the Province of Corogoe ; and
of D. Francisco Andres Alvares, Deputy of this place.
" Inhabitants of these Provinces ! If you wish to give
to Europe a noble example, by showing that you have na
need of foreign troops to maintain public order, and de-.
fend the national honour ; if you wish to p peace.
■nd the inviolability of your persons and properties, do
not allow yoursel►es to he led astray by your passions
obey the laws and the voice of the Authorities, who only
desire order, and the oblivion of r-senttnents and injuries.
You wilt then reap in abuudanee the fruits of your wisdom,.
without experiencing the incalculable evils which oppress
the other provinces.
" Head-quarters at Lugo, June 20, 192 a.
(Signed) " Count du CARTHAORNA."
General Murillo has written to General liourck, and is
disposed to send an officer to the head-quarters to the
Duke d'Angoulrnae.
On the Ist of July the Civil Commissary of his Most
Christian Majesty, 31. de Martigu■c, in the name of
his Sovereign and of his Royal Highness the Duke of
Angouleine, inthe p.esencr of several Generals and Spa-
nish Chiefs, presented with treat ceremony to the Re-
gency of the kinvdonr, fifty standards, which were taken
by the French troops in the last war, in order to plate
them at the feet of his Catholic Majesty Ferdinand VII"
when he returns to •occupy the throne of his ancestors.
FRENCH FUNDS, JPLY 4.—Five per Cent. at the close
on Monday tiz--S5--Nespoli•an Mertes, 7-1 to 74L—Spa-
nigh, 361 to 33; —Dill() MI account, 37 to 36.
hxcn+Nar. ()sr I.oxlmx.—Uue Month, 251. Pk.—
Three ditto, 25f. LOc.

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