The Statesman.
London, England, 1823-09-12 00:00:00

THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED

!TATES or AMICRICA.

When, in the course of human events 4 it becomes neces-
sary for one people to dissolve the political bands which
have connected them with another, and to assume, among
the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to
which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them,
a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that
they should declare the causes which impel them to the
separation.
We hold these truths to be self evident :—that all men
are created equal; that they are end Owed by their Creator
with certain unalienable rights; that among these are, life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that, to secure these
rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving
their just powers (ruin the consent of the governed; that,
whenever any form of goverousent,becoutes destructive of
these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish
it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation
ou such principles, and organising its powers In setts form,
as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and
happiness.—Prudence indeed will dictate, that government
long established should not be changed for light and tran•
sient causes; and, accordingly, ail experience bath shown,
r that 'nankin(' are more disposed to suffer while evils are
sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the
forms to which they are accustomed. Lut,, when a lone
train of abuses and usurpations. pursuing invariably the
saute object, critters a design to redore them under abso-
lute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw
off such government and to provide new guards for their
future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of
thes.; colonies; and such is the necessity which constrains
them to ilfer their former systems of government. The
history of the present King of Great Britain is a history
of repe stet' injuries, and usurpations, all having in direct
.object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these
Slides. TO' heti this, let facts be" submitted to a candid
. w001d..1 • •
lie han yefnaekltis,assent to laws the most wholesome
and necessary for On public good.
• lie lias-fdrbigthin 'llls governors to pass laws Of Jennie-
,diate and pressing importance, nalese suspended in their
operation, till his assent should be obtained; and when

' For suspending one own Legislatnres, and declaring
themselves invested with power to legislate fur us i►► all
caws whatsoever.
He has abdicated GoVernm:nt liere, by declaring as
oat of his nrotecti.m, and waging war against us.
lie has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt oar
towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.
tie is at this time transporting Large armies of foreign
mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation,
and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty.
:pa perfidy, scarcely parallelled in the most barbarous
ages. and totally onworthy the head of a civilized nation.
Ile has constrained our fellow citizens, taken captive on
the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become
the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall
themselves by their hands.
He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us. and
has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our fron-
tiers the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of
warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, and
sexes. and conditions.
In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned
for redress in the most humble terms : our repeated peti-
tions have be►n answered only by repeated injury—A
prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which
may define a tyrant, is unfit to be a Ruler of a free
people.
- - -

Nor have we been wanting in attentions to our British
brethren. We have warned them from time to time, of at-
tempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantible ju-
risdiction over us. We have reminded them of tile cir-
cumstance of our emigration and settlement here. We have
appealed to their native justice and magnanimi►y, and we
hive conjured them by the ties of our common kindred, to
disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt
our connexions and correspondence. They too have been
deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We
must, therefore, acquiesce on the necessity which denounces
our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of man-
kind—enemies in war, in peace friends.
We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States
of America, in general Congress assembled, appealing to
the Supreme Judge of the World. for the rectitude of oar
intention•, do, in the name by the authority of the good
people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, that
these united colonies are, and of right ought to he, free
and in dependent states; that they are absolved from all
allegiance to the British crown, and that all political con-
nexion between them and the State of Great Britain, is
awl ought to be, totally dissolved; and that, as free and
independent States, they have fall power to levy war, con-
elide peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to
do all other acts and things which independent states may
la right do. And for the support of this declaration, with
Ginn reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we
genteelly pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and
oar sacred honour.

Since Whitsunday, a great change has been made upon
the s filth side of Parliament-square, in pflrsuance of the
plan which has been adopted, of providing the Jury Court
with accommodations separate from the other Courts of
Justice. It is designe 1, we understand, that the new
chambers shall communicate with those of the Excheqier.
The ground st3ry of the houses fixed upon for these
chambers has already been fitted up into Magnificent
rooms, and a number of workmen are constantly engaged
in mal,ing the required alterations.—(edinberes paper.)
NoTTINGUaII, Sept. 9.—This morning, about three
o'clock, a most destructive fire broke out in the extensive
woodlarfls of* Messrs. Yonles, timber-merchants of this
town. The flames were first discovered by a boatman pass-
ing tip the canal and near, to the premises, who instantly
gave an alarm, arid the engines were soon Lrouglit to the
spot. The fire, however, hid gained such en steendaney
that all endeavours to save the promises appeared useless;
and, in consequence, the exertions of,the firemen,, were di-1
meted t.wards the preservation of a miblic-bonse and oat-
houses adjoining the wood-yard, which, fortunately ;eat
raped with little. Witty. It was not motif nearly,,nio•
o'clock that the sinuses were entirely subdued. How the
conflagration napPened is not at present ascertained. The
amount of property destroyed exceedi 10001., the whole of
which is insured.

....,...... ~._. _....
Mr. A LLev.-1 lament them as much as you.
Mr. A oogretss.—Every man of fee:ing must express big
indignation at such odious acts.
The witness then stated, on her erarewtamination, that her
sister was a washerwomen ; and that having been at work a I
day until 12 o'clock at night, she went in by herself to the
public-house in question, and at her earnest solicitation was
served with a pint of beer,
Mr. et.t.gv here closed his cage.
Mr. ADOLPHUS submitted, that as the ennvlctiln stated this
to be a second offence, his learned friend was hound to prove
the first; and he not haring done so, the conviction twist ,iti
quashed. •
Mr. ALLeY contended that it was suffielent that the first
offence was recorded in the reagistrstes' eonvi,rion.
Mr. ADOLPHUS said,. that would be an eq'ially sulk' ...t
reason for staving evidence of all the other c rcurnstenc- of
the ease, as the seeou 1 offence was also recorJed in the meg' v •
trates' convietioa. . .
The Cover held, that it was neceasvry to prove the first
offence; and that not having been done, they ordered :lie c,tt-
viction to be quashed.
Mr. Aootatui;s cautioned the defendant to be on Ida guar I,
as this was intended as the second step towards Ifs rein t Rai
a third conviction would he followed by a penalty of (flit. a.: t
the forfeiture of his license, which he understood was aimed at
by some persons.
rim give e. WM. IdILLSHID.
This was an appeal from n conviction before Mr. Wyatt, um-
der the New Vagrant Act.
Mr. LAW opened the case in support of the con•letion; whigh
took place, he said, in consequence of the-appellant Wavle.;
been taken at one o'clock in the morning, in company wit%
another man, in the burial.grotind of the London Hotpiiii,
having a shovel and seek in.their oneetession, and not being
able to Rive a satii.sactory flagon for•their being theft.. It was
not a pleasant sight for the patients, of vie hospital, whose
lamps of life were burning fast, to witness gentlemen of 014
description hot ering about, for the purpose of snatching the is
away to the dissecting house as soon as they should beau
ones -d to breathe.
Mr. Animedes said he would admit the facts to he as
stated by Mr. Law. lie then praceeileil to ergne that the
00_ JP aide to
words in the act of Parliament, "if he shall t I
• give a good aecoun t of himself, &c ," must betaken strictly
to mean a goal account of himself generally, and nut a
good account of why
oppressive one ; hat It would be still Inure s,.
if it were to receive the construction necessary to snppo?t
this conviction. Suppose that he (Mr. Adolphus) aver,. tee
live in the neighbourhood of a magistrate, and to bee man.
of property, and known as such to the magistrate. Sap-
pose he were found by this magistrate in hie yard at night,
and asked by him whit brought him there 1 He might
say, " Really, to tell von the troth, Sir, I ant here to kiss
vonr wife's maid " Upon which the magistrate, although
he knew him to bee respectable man, and a man of pro•
perty, might if he pleated reply, " That, Sir, is not a good
account of yonrsclf, under the weaning of this act of Par-
liament, and I will send you as a vagrant to the treadmill.!'
Such would be the effect of his learned friend's construc-
tion ; he would leaae every man in the commnnity at the
mercy of a magistrate, Whatever might be his ea?rice, his
malice, or his erroorous sense of jostiee, abstracted front
the influence of these feelings ; and completely destrpy the
protection afforded by trial hy jnry.
Mr. Anocenus was then about to call witnesses to shOtt
that the defendant was a houseValer, tce., when •
Mr. Law said th it he would admit all that, He . thee
went on to reply to Mr. Atlolplins's argument. He eon-
tended that it never could be constructed to be the meaning
of the act, that when a person was detected in at enelosurn
at night, under auspicious circumstances, if he could show
he was a householder, that was to be considered suffizient
explanation.
Some mimnder§tanding prevailing as to the facts which
had been admitted, witnesses were called, who proved dies
statements made by counsel on both sides: one of theie far
the appellant adding, that he (the appellant) was employed
in the lecture-room under Sir A. Cooper, but he could net
satin what manner. •
'The Collin. confirmed the judgment of the magistrate.
sentencing the defendant to 3 months' confinement and haul
labour.
Mr. Anamius.—Well; it is high time to leave Eng-
land.
Mr. Law.—Recollect, I hare only defended the ennvic
lion tinder the act; I have not been eutuplimenting Lie act:
itself.
1, , Mr. Anobetlus.-:-No ; nor would any man of co:ntnon

sense in the world.
The prisoner, when taken away by the officers, was' as:
tailed by the mob, wins salutel him with dirt and sawdust
in great abundance; and it was even with some difficulty
that the officers were able to protect him from their mdro
violent manifestations of their indignation.
Several convictions against bakers, for selling light bred,
were confirmed.

Gastnutra—The propensity to this vice seems of late
to have amazingly increased, at least, so far as can be in-
ferred from the demand for dice as exhibited by the return,'
of the Revenue of Stamps for these last three years; from
which it appears that in 1820 the duty paid on diceamount-
ed to 6641. ; in the following year it had increased to
and last year it actually reached to 1,6831., being merry tba
double the amount of the preceding year. The duty.on
cards during the same period has remained comity eta—
tionary.
Mr. Samuel Davis, remarkable for his humanity donut .
the many years he tilled the. Situation of principnt turnkey
of blowrate, and who was lately appointed oondneter oldie
My police., has jest been appointed Chief Turnkey at the
King's Bench prison.
.
Wednesday seinnight a man named' Clarke, employer% j,n
one of our breweries. while in the act of raising
pressed a needle, which be had stuck intim lapeillf,)sisl44.l..
i
into his breast, which produced so violent an ndansmitifro
as to occasion his death on the ensuing Friday!—(Rath
lehronick.)

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