The Statesman.
London, England, 1815-08-30 00:00:00

STATESMAN.

.........••••••••41

MR. collprq i-- LEITRIM ro. LORD
•ii PAIELD,
ON HIS SMCII Al I!. was WOOL FAIR, .JULY
26. MI

LETTKR I.
1,,,„d,d to ,how, that the; real 'ewe of the distress or the
Faro 1-• is !au tri I.,„ked f,* to ihe low rite
or Wool
aunt
fr sor in the exhume r ;of 77101,
NY Lam—Tour Lortlship's speech, or report,
to the 11/ool.growers, at the late fair at Lewes,
Pres.ioirly invites me to off( r some remarks on it, an
Joy', i!;.or which I the more readily accept, as it will,
for an blur or t o, at least, waft my readers and
„,,cof, in the respectable coinpany of your Lord-
oil', away from the degrailin; and abominable
scenes of Europe, to a country, where' mankind
S. em tits s to lire ttii oked for a century yet to
where we n:,) 3et hope to see arise the i
tos of avenging, in time, the cause of the op.!
•ied.
1I:111* Lordship expresses your dkappointment
that the prosperity of the wool trade has not re-
witted : " I had," say you, " nattered myself that
sf.:.r the failure of the American embargo and non-
',porta:inn measures, and also of Biotaparte's at-
tempts by decrees to ruin our trade, and that the
siCliculties respecting our foteign intercourse were
removrd, that the trade in wool and woollens
would ieturn to its former state, and proceed stea-
dily, is heretofore; but the mischief I had foreseen,
and hall repeatedly represented, as also the necessity
of checking that mischief, has increased in a most
eVriotilittary degree, and infinitely beyond even what
ha,l been apprehended."

' 7
price of wheat ? In Mr. Tull's time wheat iu fire their saferitigs, fiffor,vengeance on an that Cali in.
!billings a bushel, and the price of reaping an acre their slay.
of wheat was five shillings. Wheat is now from eight Still, I hate taken but a very liniited vie* of the
to nine shillings a bushel; and the price of reaping of subject. Yet, if your Liordihip's head turn at the
in acre of wheat, in this part of Engle:l4; .is nine first step of the stair.case, how am I to get yOu to
shillings. In other parts it must be much less, labour the top of st. ? The task hopeless. Un.
being always higher here than in almost any other able, therefore, to stretch your- :him! tii the measure
port of the kingdom. This is the price that I and of such a view ; unable to make you capable of see.
my neighbours are actually giving at this moment.— lug, how, even the taxeslaid upon the farmer affect
As to the present day, I stale facts that are notori. Mori no more than they lffect all the oilier classei of
ous ; 'and, as to the age of Mr. Tull, thousands have the community,exrept hoar who live upon those blies, '
his work in their hands. and that it is a general and not a Partial, a lasting
If, therefore, from the very nature of the thing and not a temporary, depresSioot that the nation now
itself, it were poc,ible that the price of labour (in. feels; unable on accomplish this object, I shall pro;
Clutlittx smiths. wheelwrights, and horses) should not cmd to that part of your speech, where you express
descend and ascend, slop for step, with that of wheat, your expectation of speedily seeing an ettraordinarri
hid), upon ‘in average of years, is the standard of demand for wool. This) hbwever, must be the sub-
the price of all other products of the earth, we base ject of another letter.
proof positive, that such Iris been the case in our Aag. 9, 1815.
own country. How, their, mast that mind be con.
strutted ; how narrow its (sews ; or how perverted
its faculties, which can see the cestiqp of ruin to the
farmer in the low price of hi:, produce ?
You ascribe his ruin to the waist of a sufficiency of
money. Right so far ; but there are two ways in
which a want of a sufficiency of money May come :
the first is by not receiving a sufficiency ; the other
by the dispropertiimate greatness of the demands
upon what is reccivPd. The mato wino has five
hundred a year may he in no want of money;
while he who has twenty thousand a year mas' be-
e:awne a bankrupt. The farmer always dues, because
lie most, receive enough money proportioned to the
labour on his farm : its receipts arid expendi.

numbers in the'romii, Illi;;is being sift i Mil flarilislii
srlt offensive ; and that lie eat °lilted in bleed a
iu.;ty mats who was getting 111 from the rlosenest, the
breath, and the croid. Thal•lse Is hot itss are of any
medical practitioner being tallest to the s,i, k ; Arid as
for Mr: Sautairei; the meshed min of the What's!,
he never heard of his !knit.. Thai there is no me-
dical aid administered but by plisonerA. and that he
himself had been employed in duty room Oil that
morning till the Isnot-Of his examloatlett. that there
were 30 in need of medical &dike iri the vitals, to
whom he administered astistante gratuitously. Thai
the distresses were very great for Want of medical
attendance; that,the aCcumulatiOn of dirt promoted
disease, and rendered cures more tardy and difficult.
Uponbeing asked if eiei additional food, slops or
I soups were given at the gale to those who were sick;
lie replied that there *ere none given to his know:,
ledge; that he haS attended petients to which such
things would hate been of cOnierluenee, but never.
SI ti. them bestowed; that hot a halfpenny of relief
would be given to the belt of hls knowledge, if ap-
plied for, and that he was even cettnio nothing was
giien. In confirmation of this, he mentioned the
circumstance of the Dutchmen which we have Stated
in the Report.
Mr. Audley, in his culmination, confirmed many
parts of this statement. He Was chummed with a
person of the name of Royson, who was takes, ill
on the 2d of February-, with ass intermittent fever,
attended with pleurisy and inflammation cf the trey:
Ile continued ill till the l7th, cossetted to his bed in
a very dangerous and bad state. Mr. Audley men-
tioned hit illness repeatedly, but net the smallest

REPORT ON TIIR PRISONS:
[Continued.]
Hai*, now given a pretty ample abridgment of
all the statements and suggestions in the Report of
the Committee on Prisons, and finding that the Re-
port itself comprises a faithful end coplout abstract
of all the important eisininations and documents
from which it was drawn up, it will be unnecessary
for us to detail much of the particular evidence. We
Shall, line ever, copy a few extracts floe' it, as a fact
heard from the mouth of a witness, mid taken in
connection with the other parts of his examination,
may Conley a stronger meaning than when methodiaed

.. ..
. , in a report, or merged in a generel inference.
I will stop here, for a moment, to observe, that ' tures here regulate each other with the greatest eor- • EXAMIN.I PION WITH REGARD TO TRU' ATLMTNT I notice tlce- it a s 'taken of it. He asked if his fellow pies
you bare omitted any mention of the American war. I
. redness: but, if there be a demander of money,whose , tit" SICK PRISONERS, ALLOWANCES OF COAL, !soner could not be removed, or if he himself could
You will !coo, by and by, that the American embargo demands never lower with prices; who pays no respect ' BLANKETS, &c. IN KING'S BENCH. ' not have another room given him, as he conceived
and non-importation measures were not attended ito seasons or any other' circumstances; who comes I Mr. Brooshoofi examined. Ihe should not remain with a patient nfflictee with.
Is there any medical assistance furnished in the fever, which Mr. Burnet, the grntuitens medical ad.
with a failure. - You will see, that they had the ' for large sums ;flatly times in the year ; who will not i
prison ?—Not by stay order or establishment: there wiser; represented as infectious ; but the answer
wonderful effect of assisting in creating flocks of , wait a moment ; who needs none of the usual forms '
are always medical men unfortunately in the place, given was; that such remernl .was impersible, that
Merit'', sheep, manufactories of cloth, cotton, linen, of law to obtain payment, but who, at once, lays
. six or seven or more. There are no allowance of I Mr. Audley must continue in the room, and even in iron, steel, leather, gue-powder, &c. &e. and in the hold of the crop or the utensils; and, withal, whose
construction of machinery of all sorts. This I-sliall ' demands are continually increasitie, ;if there be such ! medicines; but by the Marshal's directions assistance! the mean time a thud person; of the game of Croft,
stela you by and by ; but, amongst the causes of the a creditor, it is very clear, that, as prices fall, the ;is sometimes given to the sick poor, who cannot af- !was chummed in along with him and the dying pa-
depression of wool, why not mention the American • farmer must sink into ruin. 1 ford medical aid, or could not get their prescriptions' tient, whilsts at (hit tithe, tint a WO part of and
ins? That war lasted longer than the embargo and r
:Now, mixed up for them, Mr. Saumarez or Mr. Dixon at- ; rooms In the ',shoo had three chump. Croft *Re genii
noteimp corn- ortation measures. It was far more , Iris
has not the English farmer such a creditor?,
taxes, direct and indirect, far exceed the amount i teridase for that purpoie. Has not known any poor ! removed, but the wittiest slept in the room frent thd
plane in its operation; Stud yet you pass it over iti tpersors suffering ft om illness in prison without me- 1 2rl to the 17th, when the man died. From the timei
of all his other outgoings. Let us suppose, then, a • .
silence. My opinion is, that you would not have I dical advice, consistently with the Marshal's know- 'of his being taken ill to the dry of his death he Fla
man on his own land, who paid a hundred pounds a I
pieced
115(1 over ins silence, if the events rind the result 1 ledge of the facthas heard it asserted :—has ceived from the gate no medical assistance ois lily re.'
for labour, d hundred and year an a fifty pounds in I
of it not beets hat they were. If these had notl heard it asserted too that persons have died in pri- , lief whatever, nor even the smallest increalted atten-
taxes, when wheat • was eighteen shillings a bushel.
demonstrated to the world the excellence of a free •He was then able to live. If the wheat be nine son without medical aid; but never knew the fact: ' lion. The body lay from the Friday tO the Monday
goverement, lam persuaded, that you would have shillings a ! never made enquiries after hearing it asserted, be- without any Inquest, and on the first night Atelier
bushel, his labour will cost him firt
put this war in the list of the impediments to the y 1 cause the person was previously dead. No portico- ! slept in the same room with it ; the body became of-
-sand if his fell
pounds,
taxes down to seventy-five I f
wool-trade. The omission, however, as ras re-Persons whose duty it is to attend the sick as fensive, bat nobody took the smallest noliCe of It.
pounds, he would be still where he was. But his ; lir • ' .
bled to your auditors, was perfectly safe; ate!, if nurses are provided. Being asked, do ynu conceive Upon being asked if Royson appeared to suffer
taxes continue to be one hundred and
fifty. It is . . '
ens had ascribtel tl.e fall of their produce to the Ws.. it might occur, as there is no regular medical attend- much, he said, very much, and that it was painful
manifest, therefore, that the la d lazes and the taxes
ligisey of the stars, they wouhl have been just as at- , ante, and no stated visitation of the apartments, •to witness his sufferings. After the mania decease
only, are the cause of iris ruin.
endive and just as full of Whet' as you had the ha ppi- , that a person might be ill, and might die, without the Witness applied to Mr. BroOshooft, to know the
I 1 our Lordship does, indeed, allude incidentally
miss to hod them. any medical attendance being provided for him ? fees a d ted that the deceased Was in intli-
n represented
this :allusion is accm steed to our taxes ; but,. then, p $
Your remedy for this evil of low price of wool ishe answered, a man must be extremely ill to be re. ' genii circumatinetts, and that the fees should be dims
nothing to induce the belief that you wished to
the old remedy t a tax on all wool imported. To be with duced to the state of having no person in the room poised with. That favour, however, was not ale
sure: as the hop-growers of Earnest point the attention of your hearers towards them as
rn would, if they with him—he must have frightened them all out, and lowed, and the family of the deceased were obliged
speaking;
of which you were in, that
rn,
celled. have an additional tax put upon the hops of a cause of if there is such a prisoner, all know it directly, and to pay 11. 14s. doable fees, upon the body's going
do youhint ar anyhope of this
Ile t: and as farmer Gripem would have all themuch less
it would be communicated to him, or the Marshal. out of the gate. He was supported while he lived
all important respect. You say : " If the landed
wh at in thocoantry blighted except his own. You There is no infirmary. He did not recollect a case in. prison upon the charity of individuals, but not a
interest (in which I iticlude the land-occupier) will
sat, that she same arguments that were made use of ,of contagious disorder in the prison, and did twit half-penny was contributed by the Marshal or his
Li detente of the Corn Bill will apply with equal not make known its grievance, it cannot expect at. I know what, its such a case, would be done. Never servants,
tension or redress, and it will be responsible for the.
fame to a Wool Bill ; and here you are very right. knew an evil happens to others from a fever—the' Mr. Audley's examination 'contilds Several other
ruin
that will fall on the growth of fine wool. For i
But you should have shown, that those arguments deaths ere fewer in nurnber,.perhaps four to five, last instances of sickness and distress in the prison-which
if the wool of all countries, untaxed . and untytbed
were sound; and, not having done this, you onlys . year; but did not know how many. ! mete with !lisele. or nhWttentiotefrom the °Ricers, and
is to he poured in upon us without restriction, every .
soul that a Wuol Bill would he as wise and as just as 1 Have you any lingering illnesses in prison ? , where but verytriniiste relierives afforded by the
man the least acquainted with the subject will agree ,
a measure, aemistst which petitions were presented from There have been theof cases persons who came in charity of indioldoall.. •This example, however, is
with me that it never can be worth while to raise fine
every part n'if the couteryt and which was, towardsi very ill. enough.
wool in this kingdom; and the agriculturist will aim i w .
the period of its adoption, discussed with regularwere they chummed with other prisoners when in l f'r'o be corilinved.l .
only at quantity, neglectiug the quality of the wool." ! s - ‘ ...
troops drawn up round the House of Commons. 1 that' l fstate.— am not prepared to state whether they I •
If, when his Majesty, in his wisdom, was pleased i Here, again, whet a jumble of ideas ! Why should i were so ill as to render it necessary they should have 1 The paid off ieimen are'begintsing to re-enter on
to colorer a title on your Lordship, he had, at the he aim at quantity if his prices are depressed by any a room to themselves. the peace.eatablishinent, and•they have the privilege
same time, endowed you with a capacity to em- cause, no matter a hat, seeing that, upon an average, , Do you recollect the circumstance of hiving an of choosing their own ships ; for which purpose re-
brace, in one view, the whole of the interests of a the coarse must bear a proportion hi price to the application to give a person a room to himself ?—I mutating Officer's are stationed at Leith, Shieldt,
community, to comprehend and to develop abstruse fine? Tuese are notions which might he excused in do not recollect the me, except of an insane per Hull, London, leveiessole 'Beietel, Dublin, and
matters of political economy, he would have pro- a farmer or a wool-merchant ; but they become not son. We have had several of them; if we thought Cork, who are to.reeeive volunteers, and forwesd
sided you with a shield against criticism, which, one, who sets himself up as a political economist.— they were so ill, that it would be treating them im- them to the ports. where the ships are for which they
when you venture into the Press, that bare title does '
l'hey belong to the sheep-fold and the carding-heuse. properly to put others with them, we should give may enter; and it is said that their request on that
not afford you. As yet, whatever we find in print How nature has been thwarted. What mischief has them a room to themselves, but we have no regula- head will on no account be deviated born.
about wool, at any rate, we may freely comment been done by perverse mats's setting her laws it de- tion in the prison for that purpose. We keep no list' One morning last week, a Gentleman at a Coffee-
on ; and, your Lordship will be so good as to ex- i
fiance. lof deaths in the prison, we only write them off. The house its the City, laid a wager of 20 guineas with a
cuse me, if, upon this occasion, I should sometimes , But, my Lord, you talk of grievance and of re- body is removed generally by the friends of the per- friend present, that lie would walk the length of
seem to forget the Lord, while I am answering the dress, and then you talk of the " untaxed and un- son, and if he has no friends, the Marshal buries it. Brokers'-row, Moorfields, without being asked to
author. lam *boot to lead your Lordship into new ; tyt lsed" wool of other commies. Was it not then The body is left in the room where the prisoner died,' walk into one of the shops. He then offered the
scenes. The sight, which it is my intention to open ,to be eteected, that you were going to propose to between the time of death and interment. : •same wager, which was likewise accepted, that im.
to your slew, is one of such novelty and such gran. make o Iter nations adopt our tutees and tythes, or,' If there are two persons in a room, and those mediately after the first being determined, he would,
deur ; lam about to exhibit to you proofs of such to induce our Government to remove them? Neither persons cannot remove themselves out of it, they walk the ground over again and receive sit invitatirifti
astonishing enterprise and improvement ; such a won- iof these do you propose, however; but, in their are there with the dead body ? If they choose to from every broker to inspect his repository. Ti. di-
%lreful revolution in the most important affairs of ha- ! steed, a tax, more las, to be paid on our coats and go any where else, they have the liberty of going (ermine the first wager lie assumed-the appearance of
mats life; that I must beseech you to cull to your aid, ! blankets, and on the goods which our manufacturers there. , a Tnx-getherer, with hie morocco-back book open
if possible, en expansion of mind commensurate with I export. And, then, the confounding of taxes and ' Would such persons, if they did not choose to in his left hand, in his right a pen, and ass ink-hottle
114.1,144'04 and the magnitude of the subject. 1 tythes as the rause of relative expensiveness ; as the remain, have a right to have their chum tickets al- suspended at his left breast ; rare and uncommon as
But, before I venture to lift you to this point of ' cause of the English farmer's itiability to contend tered ?—Yes, some persons might be timid in such a is the appearance of such a character in England, and
elevation, let ON if you please, discuss the subject I with foreigners ; though not calculated to excite case. ! curious as John Bull confessedly is, yet was lie
of your projected Wool Bill; let us, before we cross surprise when coming from the lips of a vul- Have you known any body remain till it was i shunned like one infected, and the wager won by
I
Ile Atlantic and the Alegnsiy, see if we can come to gar, uninformed farmer, it is so grossly absurd, offensive ?—Yes, but then there was no person in the' him beyond dispute. He then resumed his own dress
"e'lmivitte like common sense on the question which I that it really fills me with shame at hearing room. and character, and sallying through the row, with n.
you hese now again set in agitation. it uttered by all English Gentleman.--Dur- . Dave there been no instances of persons remain- young Lady under his arm, his attentions to whom •
You see the farmers distressed; yon see them ing six centuries the land of England has yielded ing for a day or two in the room where the dead body bespoke a recent or intended trip to the altar, he re-
breakeg ;- -
you see the ttevispapers filled with notices tythes ; and, surely, English farmers have seen was ?--When it has happened that 4 person has died ceived rather a pressing invitation to walk in from
I
Of sales of their effects. The immediate cease of this prosperous days! If the farmer did not yield tythe, who had it chum, I do not know that he has been every " hero of the chips," °lid the wager was again
i' Iles Rant of money. The cause of that want, I would he not pay the full worth of it in additional removed in consequence, but unless it was the first determined in his favour.
however, you do not seem to understand ; and, if ' rent ? Where, then, is, where can be, the differ- days Where there could be nothing but the unplea- t An American Gentleman who is lately:arrived front
you do understand it, you keep it out of sighs.lence to him ? If the purchaser of an estate were not santuess of having a dead body its the room, I would I New York, states, that there is just completed in.
You 'ay it is the low price of their produce ; you to yield tythe, would he not pay the full worth of it feel myself warranted in giving him a fresh chum i that harbour, a steam frigate, the length of which is
'ltsedd. therefore, compel the mass of the people tot in the purchase money ? Where, then, can be the ticket if he applied for it. 100 yards, and breadth tee) feet ; her sides, which
V's them a higher price, not seeming to reflect, that, I• difference to him ? Far otherwise is it with the taxes. ' Would you think it proper for the advantage of are alternately composed of oak plank and cork
if %nu could succeed, vou would only produce, in These are are not of six centuries standi•sg, and a sick persons to remove his chum ?—lt might he pro- wood, are thirteen feet thick. She carries 41 guns,
e'l'er tease sof Irma, just that quantity of distress j hardly of six years. They are a clear addition to' per, perhaps, to give him air, but it Is snot common four of which are of very large bore, the others 42-
:" ruin, a which you wish to relieve the farmer. the out-goings of the farmer; their amount, like to remove them from the room in case of the illness pounders; in case of being hoarded, she is enabled
If Sour Lordship was attacked by a ruffian, who that of the tythe, is not prnprotioned to the value of the other. by machinery to discharge 100 gallons of boiling
limed at putting out one of your eyes, and were to of the crop ; but keeps always to its full height : The employment of Messrs. Saumarez and Dixon water on her enemies per mieute, and at the same
aim el your left eye, should you think you had done whether the crop be small or great, dear or cheap.— is an act of humanity of the Marshal ?—Yes; in any time 300 cutlasses branch over her gunwales, and
much by **(dine his bayonet from that eye to have If, indeed, )ou had spoken of tythes as the means thing like a desperate case they are sent for and paid aaequal number of pikes dart nut from her tiles.
b Amsted intu the other? of supporting a body of men, having enormous by the Marshal. It is true that the picture of the immortal Losete
But, my Lord, the foundation of your reasoning, weight in the State, and invariably, as a body, rang- How far
.some parts of the previous depositions has been taken down teem the great Hall at Christ-
if reasoning it must be called, is unsound; namely, ing that weight on the side of political and military may be qualified by the -following statements•of Mr. church, Oxford. to make room for that of the Right
that Ihedietrese of the farmer arises from the low' power, you would have spoken of them in a manner Burnet and Mr. Audley, likewise examined by the il.nt‘. GILORGE CANINGII !
P'ir. of his produce. his the time of Mr. Tull, becoming a Gentleman of liberal ideas ; but to point Committee, we leave our Readers to judge. We some time since informed our Readers that
"" is to say, 70 years ago, wheat was five shillings them out as a cause of the ruin of the farmer, and Mr. Cilbert Bornet being examined, says that he Dr. Crwe, of the Ms•dical Board, Chnrlotte-house,
Sk bushel. It is new from eight to nine shillings a that, too, in a mere pecuniary point of view, was is a surgeon, that many cases of distress came within surrey, dense hi., Araleatic, which were bred by.
bushel. If low price be ruin, how could farmers to emulate the conduct of those grudging and un- Isis knowledge, and that he hats given money to pay the King of Setts, the feet is, see celehrated Doctor
"3" lived in his time? It is not, then, positive low feeling clowns, who and whose wives have all along for medicines: that he has twenty or thirty cases in drives beetaileil hays; but tilP Arabian dusts are
Prir", it is relative low price, which, not to deny been bawling for war in the cause of " Religion end one day, that some of them have been bad corn- the properly of Dr. Deem., of elile-eed, who, we
)^1 tars eunined common sense, I must understand Social Order ;" who have been branding as Jacobins plaints; that though he has known no decidedly In- iluderstatiti, expects another pair from the Continent.
)o' le meats. Well, then, ern you show, or can all those that wished to see an end to that war ; and fectinus complaints, he had at the time of his exami- Mr. D. being an old Prnetioner in Physic, and fre.
milY wan living show, that labour, tackle, horses, which clowns, groaning at last, under its curse- nation under his care a cams.of inflammation of the quently attending the Medical Bonrdot Blackfriass,
and 4ePd, do not always bear, upon an average of quences, now, like the much-more-to-be-pitied lungs and pieurisy, which resumed the appearance of was the cause of our Correspoudeut giving us the
"ea 4 very few years, an enact proportion to the canine unfortunate; ouconscious of the real cause of a typhus lever; that the patient antlered from the' infopnatioo..