The Statesman.
London, England, 1822-04-01 00:00:00

THE STA TE.S4I AN.

who 'meld not &meow swords in the cause of religion,
if we mestibe made to understand how the cause of re•
liejon eau be emeistee by sine !a scot reme ler anti ball.
that how stantle,the cave. The French people, eellett
and ground down fee wee by insolent petty 'Trani.
called seigneurs, whe had the ',weer of hanging sit men
without judge or jury, and of sending them to tee gal-
' kis for killing a partrider or a hare; the French pen
ple compelted not only to pay a homier(' foll in lex for
their salt. but cumpelleml also to use, on pain of whipping
sad imprisonment, a medals quantity of sett in a year in
each family ; the French people. at and turniehted
by en insolest aristocracy said lazy, gormandizing anti
profligate fraternities of priests. at last rose upon their
01.1 government; and mine of their first acts was the an-
saki/anon of Whey. Thin it was that the French Revo
lotion became Su 41ervable! Then it wait that war leo
cattle necessary for the preservation of what was Ides-
Wee:noes!, called our Holy Religion! Not a word was
:meld about making war to preeercc tether. Not a word
was laid about this ; het, as to go to oar, as to nee broad
sword*, pistols, ant other weapons against a disireliet in
the Gospel, seems so very unnatural a way of going. to
work, is it very wonnishing if there were men. who saw
the clergy the mast zealous in urging on the war, which
they were, from the beginuing to the very close of it ; is
it astoniehing, irthere were men who seemed to believe
that the pr tion of tythes ought to have been sub-
meituted for the preservation of religion as the motive fur
the enteriae upon that war, of which we are now feeling
the consequences ?—lt seems to be rather unfair, there-
fore, that the parson shneld he now rezeiving his income
tee free, while it must he evident to every rational man
that the landlord will shortly be receiving no income at
all. But. this is not so much a matter of ours ; it is a
question between landlord and parson, thus far; and
what I wish you to keep in view is, the question between
the farmer and the larellorml—That the taxes are the
cause of the distress is titer a
.pretty general opinion.
It is the decided opinion of le;ru Gime and Lott! KING ;
and I have no hesitation to say, that, as far as I am able
to judge, they are better authority than all the rest of
the two Houses pot together. I think it has been clearly
proved by myself that the taxes are the cause of the dis-
tress; and, as the landlords have the power of reducing
the taxes, if the boatmen renain it is bar jest that they
should bear it. Mr. WoJeitouse seems satietied with the
shilling a bushel taken MI the tax on malt. it Mr.
IVollehouse, then, bear the reinaihder of the taxes. If
be will make no exertions to obtain the only relief
that can be given, let him not endeavour to get
from the farmer that capital which is 'all lie pos-
sesses in the world. There have been enough of
the landlords to talk with great led Iness, out of
doors; but in doors they have been as gentle as doves.
Be the consequences on them, therefore, aid not upon the
families of the farmers. The fact is, however, that
they do not wish the consequences tobe on them. They
wish to get rents; much higher rents than in 171e2.—'
Thoiteh the prices at this moment are far below those
of 1792, and thoagh the texes at:: four times as great as
io 1792. Tow wish thefarmer to become a lower sun
of eerenn. They wish him to live with more frugality;
to come down and to save nut of himself and his family
far the purpose tvf paying them. That 11.11 of Fare ; that
Ita•.k.aglra.a Bill ri Fare, which you have very judici-
misty toasted as a warning to English farmers, may very
fairly IP' considered as the scale to which the landlord:
wish to reduce you. The noble person who has favoured
the cournittreey pith t :ISt snit must be looked up to as
very competent authority in the rase. Had he been
born a [/eke. indeed, we might no: hare been dieeused
to pay so much atteption to his scale; bet, having re-
cently been wide a Duke, we meet look upon leer as a
person in whose wisdom the leingho ministers have sery
great confidence. We must suppose that his opihions as
to all pablis matters are to accordance with theirs; be.
ing then told by this noble person that one pound of
-NI sneer is the quantity 'efficient for a week in the te-
nsity of a farm of fear hundred acres, we have before as a
very good standard. whereby to lattge the depth of de-
gradation to which the fernier, meet expect to fall anti
iu wheel they are expected to he ',emeriti-A. This two
ounces an.! chuust a quarter of red sugar a 'lay ought
never to he fur one mouseut abs.mt from the mine of ate:
one single farmer in Eneletel. Ile ought to think of it
every time that rent comes athwart hie mind ; an t. let
bins remember that even lower than this will be his state
if be continue to pay rent for any considerable time
longer.—The lowering of rents is one of the means
by which the farmers have been led on to their ruin. As
a sharper lets the inexperienced gamester win now anti
then a trick till the former comes and sweep" away his last
so the crafty landlord eutices on time farmer till
he has cot the po ,er of distraint, and then lie comes sad
leaves hint without even bread to put in his month.—
There is a noble exception is Lord Fiturilliam, who
rave up furry-live per cent. at once; but, even that no-
ble lord will very soon see that his generosity; or, ra-
ther his justice, will be wholly unavailing without a te-
e:teflon tit the taxes.—Tile Duke of Bnekingitam; whose
bill of Fare we have dane ourselves the honour to toast,
has recently 114.1 a meeting of his tenants at his great
mansion of Stowe in Buckinghamshire, where hes told
them that be and they most stand or fall together; I
have noticed this elsewhere; but I will again say, that
that farmer most be a very great fool, who will have any
share in the felling. The landlord has the power, if he
had the will, to save himself; but if he will not min that.
is the fernier hound to fall with him. The language of
such landlords is plaiuly this; "you keep pay-
"in nit rent, till you are a beggar, and then we will
"fall together." Nn, no:" I shuttle say; " I will
" keep what I have got ; you have the power to stand if
" you will. and to enable me to stand too; and if you
" will not do this, fall by yourself, for I am sore IL will
" not fall with you."—tientleureu, it being so clear that
the landlord must finally lose his estate, unless the taxes
he very greatly reduced, one naturally wonders why the
landlords do not cause sects redaction. Pretty
eenerally speaking they went to London, at the
heeinning of the wiuter with the resolution of causing
taxes to lw reduced. But, they were speedily talks t
over. %%aeons means any have been employed to nulli-
fy their previous resolutions; bat the main eremement,
be you assured, has been this ; that, to enfeeble the exe-
cutive government must be productive of a state of
things which would give the common people great
power in the electing of Members of Parliament ; and
that this power wonl.l bring flown the landlords and
their families from that state of loftiness, that species of
imperial sway in which they have long lived- In short.
that every thing mint go on as it is going on, or that
there must be a Reform of the Parliament. This ii the
argument which has, I am quite cenvinced. induced the
landlords to give up their resolutions and to try time
and patience a little longer. Hence it is clear that we
have nn Referm of Parkament to expect as long as rents
can he extracted from the capi•eml of the farmer; and,
am very much afraid that. in too many cases, they will
he extrae•ed as long as there is any capital left. Mr.
Webhe Hail now set's this, too; fee he, who has gives
the farmers so much bad advice. is now giving them the
advice which I have so lone been giving! From his
presidential chair at Henderson's -Hotel, this mighty 1
king of clubs has sent a circular to his affiliated associ-
ations. In this circular, which lie directs not to be
put stn print, and which, therefore, 1 have net yet
caused to he printed, be advisee them to give notices to
quit in whole bodies; by whole districts; but, at the
sante time, being a very loyal man, and a strict observer
of the laws, lie advises them to take special care nut to
coustnit the crime of illegal cotubinetion or conspiracy !
approve very much of this advice; but, this advice
from Mr. Hall comes rather late; and, if it bad nut been

-ices
re

aatv
that
cunt

the
re a
tho

for his trickery and enlace. y, thousands of farmer' •0 the taxmatherer. Surprising. toiled,
weialditave used themselves from ruin by quitting thos 'stably unitise. that wtiiie hoween fitar antsi:rr and west '-
fangs which 'bey -have held io consequence* of the fall tone sre raised in taxes, and %vie:, '-
hopes with which he braved them up by his rieiculon his ronms out of the earning. of the lalt..mr.:q
*Ames. The removal file taxes being now the onl td-itry pet-lm-A he that tairotionesent4
„.,61. "•••
hope. what hope is there of ohteining th it removal el his idleness, druolieniwas proPieaev; 4,1
eept a Reform of the Parliament, We have sect ellen it is notorious that be drinks 'water • eon.'
how vase it is to hope for comploe oelress through aborious graodrather &sok gime ale. Evidelle"re sf
other means; and I must confer., that we ought to tletiv• was produced before the Aft
great pleasure from the reeection that the absolute ne- Mit this was too trifling a eireatnatinve fir that CZ'
verity of wßeforai has found it; way Mtn the minds Cl mittee to mention is those report! maniciw
sr. m
ile farmers. This is a new circumstance in the history .themes that have been and that are no foot •• retied:
of the cease of Reform : and• it has produced a new king this reit. as it is tallest of poor rate,: and there ds
of lengoaeo on the part of its enemies. Formerly, wher lawyer of the Oen& of Searicts, who bad a uroj..e:l'l,/,
none bat the labouring cusses celled for Reform, we refusing relief to every wean able to work, wbeth„ 5,4;
were answereti by the (Mae' vation, that the respectahlt could get work roe nut ; and also ear reining Wirt to
part of the community thd not want it ; that it was not every married wan and woman earl their children, if lb.
wanted by the era:l/steed rem/miry ; and. while the marriage took piece, titter the adratinn of the prejao
Ministers were catliiig for the Six Acts, Lord Liverpool Y{lll express your astotoshment awl horror, ant ea,i•
observed, that that respectable part of the community, woo may, at the TOM' traction of a project lOte eel;
that most valuable des ription of• persons, called the tor you well know that the bare promulgation ,fit
middle Maas, anti espeti ally the Yeomanry; that this would produce cors•apences, such a., in the ie..
valuable body was pevletly sound. That is to say, sent state of the country, I de not think prop,
sound asleep ; still. ((slim, contented. staggering along to describe. lint I never can hear of this
like the Ass of I saka, between two huttliens, and uttering jeet, rinseli less can I mention • it, witlieet Ps-
not a sigh in the way of complaint. However, even this pressing my indienation at observing, that th„
sound body begins to move at last; and now what do projectors, that are so eager to cbeek the Istreo„
they say to us ? Why 11r. Gooch calls a county meeting of the labourers, who pay so large a portion of
• populace ; and Lord Castlereagh appeals from right never propose to check the breeding of thee• who lot
thousand petitioners of Suffolk, to the cdstortion of the istmo the taxes. There are about twenty therismad pie.
country! So, in the county of Suffolk, though there be sons, be,ides all the placement. pensioners, sinectineo
noblemen, gentlemen. freeholders, tradesmen, farmers, granters, belfry, army, navy, monasissaiies, triarto.
manufacturers ; though
.the eight thonsand names he all masters, commissioners, tax-gatherers, and lawyers, Lit
put down upon paper. tois Lord Can find amongst them a few, who are some way or ether in the pay ot the "(-
no portion of the eiliieciun of the country. To what vernsient. These are not only gentlemen ate lados
end, theu. have they been educating us for the last thertise!res, but are awl engaged io breeding gentlemen
tarenty or thirty years. To what purpose have and lorica ; for none of their children are ever to work;
they expended millions upon books and paper and and not a soul of them ever Hill teeth as lon as thew
pens and ink and masters and mistresses to teach taxes ate collected. Go I know* hew many Keisints the
us. Fur twenty long years they go on with their war for religion has given ,is. And du you th:ak
national schools, Lancaster schools, ink-schools, cold- Sir Charles and my Lady's sass anti daughters c 7:
schools, Smaday-Pcbools, week-day schools, day-act Is wog: ? • Not they, indeed, as lone as they Can gets!.,
and night-schools; they boast all the while at what a means of ;tripe without a or:: out of the tax's. It „
rate they are enlightening oar minas; and at the end of new thing in England, that even parlous' sons ail
twenty yearn, they eau find in eight thousand persons daughters mast necessarily be gentlemen and ladiee-e
of the opulent an I most hfautifully managed comity These sous iseed to be boned apprentice to trades, sad
of Suffolk, not the ?melte:l portion of the education of • their daughters become milliners, tuantuaentkos, as!
the country ; and to Sind that education we must seek it I meter to. Bat now, all must have eiNge:P•nt,
amongst those, who lira told us that Bank Restriction which means something oat of the taxes, hi some slope
Acts were the solvation,•A then that they were the de- lOr other. When parson** sone were apprreticed t.
it,- .::ion of a country; who at one time declared by so- I teatime the labourer drunk his ale by his own tire side.
Isom reeoluticto, passed by a thundering majority, that the The taxes then crannied to six millions a year or there.
paper money was not depreei Joel • and who afterwards abouts, and now they amount to fifty six midiuis We
as solemnly declared that it was depreciated at the time hear an everlasting grumbling about the money given
when they declared it was not; who at one time de- to the labouring poor; but we hear not a word of
Mated that the distress arose from a superabundance of grumbling about the many hundreds of thomands of
food, and the next year declared th it it arose from a su- pounds, voted by the House of Commons for the reliefoi
perabundance of mouth., and who have now declared the poor Clergy of the enurnmesly tick thatch of Rag.
again, that it arises from a superabundance of food, land. While two livings are freqnently given to one
while one Scarlett ha; a project for checking the in. Mtn, and while be as frequently resides upon neither.
crease of months: Here are the proofs of the education bat carries away the produre from the spot More it is
of the country. ICs mast be able, gentlemen, to bring raised, to sp: and it in Landon, (lath, Brighton, or France.
oureelvesup to this point, before it can be tolerated in us Gentlenico, when we are thinking or talking cf the ease
that we should pretend to possess any thing worthy of of the lahott:ers, let us nisi that tette our ovn, and tee-
the name of education. Oue of the educated told as that sot, on it i.ecordingly. 'there are, perhaps, assay is dee
tt was only a "sudden transition from war to peace:" room, with whom it Las been m• tele metered, that
another, that the "sun of prosperity had only hid his they are not lahour.rs thernselvea. It is so witli mho
head behind a eland," amt would speedily re-appear any rate. If I had happened to marry la the toiletry
with all his wonted splendour. Of remedies they have whet e I seas born, in all hymen probability I shonle
afforded us Rhonda nee: corn-bills ; digging holes one hare Vireo a labourer at this day : and Utley prewate of
day and filling them up the next; lending money oath@ taxation had been such (and that would have been the
mortgagee poor-rates; and, lastly, it is, we are told, pre, case) as to disable ow to maintain my family wiiho.:
posed to purchase ur rum with the public money, to resorting to parish relief; should 1 hare frit no ?too.
give the farmer a bie her price now, and, of course, a inert 50.41 in my bosom at Leine branded with the time
lower price at some future time; giving him for gain of pauper, and at being called id:e, drunken of
by the trainsae•tiou, a fair share of all the expenses at- profligate. while a large portion of the f:va:
tainting it. This is the edaoreion of the country. This of my sweat went to pay taxes imposed by persons la the
is what is to be attended to, while the petitions of those e!ection of whom I had not been sneered to have a
mho were formorly called the enlightened yeomanry are voice:, If I shoals have felt in this way. why are nest
t.• he east aside as proceedino from what Mr. Bauch call. oilers thus to feel ? And would it sot be baseness and
a populsce.—But, let us not be borne dome by talk of runty in me to endeavour to stifle in the bosoms of
this deseereticin ; let ntrt The yeomanry, because they ()risco+, feelings width I eoald not have stilled in my
are called a popolace, believe that they ought not to be own ? The farmers, be you assured, will and moo, in a
attended to. There wants nothing bet a hearty compe- short time, perceive, that they and the labourers bare
ration on the part of the farmer, in any one county of one commits anti inseparable interest. Bete the comet-
Englauil to produce that reform, without Aids this lion is newel col indissoluble; and von will End, day
country cannot be saved from utter confusion. Had by day. (ruin this day forward. that the farmers viii be.
Welder Hall's associations all petitioned for • Reform of come rofivinced of the truth of what I now ay. To be
the Parliament, we shonld hare had it before now ; and farmer; without haring labourers isimpossible.The latter
we rhall h ire it now, if tlis oeomanry Of any one county must and will have food; the preeentstraegle tbat is going
will come forth b.! ily and demand it. Ido not mean upon on is this : -the farmer is endeaveariug to strew free
their pretty horses and with swords by their sides; I himself, trout his wife, from Isis frailty, from his !Moat-
mean, route forth with their petitions to Parliament, de- en• the means of paying the rent demanded by the land.
s. &tine their diatre..s, a:le:hating that distress to tax- lord. This. he cannot accomplish, even at the erpente
mien, declaring that they have no !tope of a reduction of of being hated and despised ; the sooner he gives up
taxation without Reform, and theroon grounding apr o'er the struggle the better. With landlord or %LIM hewer-
for reform as the sole means of enabling therms to coil- Prs he must break ; with one or the other be mast be at
tines their agricultural pursuits ; but, above all thitms, emuity, if th- Lae. be not rednceil; and when be looks
saying tothe landlords, give us reform, join its iu tier about him; is hen lie takes a moment to consider, can
caused reform, or rake your Linda to yourselves. This he fail to see, that, let come 'glut will, he ought to tle-
ie the way; and if die farmers of any one carats- of sire to have flue good is lilies of his neighbours, ail pa:-
England would but pursue it. they would s ive diem- tieularly of his labourers?
selves and save their country; untoward as the vireum- la ‘rd COCtltta!tethealth having beets gives, Ilr. Colo
stances of the times are in other teepee aril .Mays
thee give belt again rose, and observed, that he was, a .Mays
•
us hope of witnessing exertioas like these. The d'istress had been, perfectly convinced. that that gallant Lore
of the farmers lies greatly weakened the ties bet.reen was wholly inuneent of the pretended crime laid to his
the landlord and parson. Whin a can is making a for- charge; to which, slid hr, let me add, that the courtly
tone by a farm, he cannot be execeted to talk very hold, owes more to Lord Cochrane than to ant tleetber ot
Iv to the landlord. A low bow is a small sacrifice when Parliament that I have ever known. Tollitn vie tore
attended with considerable gains. Rut; alien a mss is' that famous list of sincures and pensions, width, for
losing. be his farts.. When be is mooing to the state of I the last fonrieen y•oars hate furnished et:eh atup'e means
the Baekieeham Bill of Fare, and has, of course, but of exposing the systeas. The motion by which that Was
one miserable hat to his head. it is not worth while to 'Obtained was r:as 'lmes up by
wear that out. by pulling it off to a man to wlinea she is me. I Isa-I erged the making of that motion to every.
paying Isis last shilling. A farmer is not disposed to Member of Parliament that I knew or that I could co's.
put up with mach rating ane striding from the land- at. But I never found any one that walla 'tote'. :hit
lord that is pocketing Isis capital. The latter mar tell motinis but me Lord Cochrato. And for imilsiof !lett
him to walk instead of ride; to pull off the coat seed put motion. if he had never done any other good in his ;if.,
on the smock-frock; to make his wife trudge to church be would have merited the lasting gratitude of Lis
in the dirt instead of rifling in a gig ; and I have heard country.
of a landlord who I,ad the modesty to tell his tenants, The eenere`de •Mtjor Clem-riot. •
that they ought not Air to do all this, but that tier Mr. Mlt. Mr. Woofer. and the rest of the b""
father* stied to be glad to wear his father's old rigs.—
Parliamentary Retorts.
ow. gentleman, ass old wig is a very nasty thing; and who ore• or hare be:ai. suffering in prises in the en .:•C
if I were a tenant, I would a-ear no landlord's old wig; of
but keep the remainder of say capital to oyaelf ; 11:tfeaiso..rthr:. Ty
.henrhelc:res of Corruptlacbeswerby the traaas
r.
.thidativoiogushltialatotthiwryednu.acestehilinfrtnomahsitsatheetaod war his own soul Mr.•"`inscr.
k were suceessis e.y -ram, ..
had their place supplied by a woollen cap sereeo out to :itiecesa to the elreelo in throe comets for indepsnler.Le•
him by. the master of the poor-house. To which stats I Civil en I Religious Liberty MI user the World.
r
most sincerely wish every Landlord to tome. still The Bishop tar Norwich.
choosing
heo oast harbours
ing large the unjust
satehnetjtinirlsot
udni:stiktireeti
ttef
h.
iew
righti
laws
alt
wh so I,
ittin,ff,e
ckt,if:vria;mdtalt:llhrineeri :pplerooi; a:shlrneu: Ina;:.4l..ieSrz.iercjuist
pna•-erc-idsti
ereba.loit
ie r„
ceodr
tn
jeinsewhs.esa:
perryfta'ndthe and upon the following toast be;n2' 0"91. litre: hash
had beer., since he knew the meaning of poll:its. :a to
After this,
of Mr. Cothett. lie begged leave to propose a
may the n
n iplymdailyberneta.d. il
srere.cn
niariiu upon
iv
eTt his. which he was sure wilted hay, the aporetuVrm i 5: a
ia I
crcsent ; hut before he ;rave :he toast he .ntentled ! :me
labourers
soured: p
hraeyr.egptsa
etf.eint,e in n, permit s, as there are nu the lemon!. of prooosing, belle pernbarly called 'le
to say a wor.l or two respecting make a few observations with' regard to the coneao
their case. It is very much the f.sltioa to alerhe Ito, Mr. Anson. one of the tremblers for Yarneree,
great amount of poor rates to what is care I the idle- name he regretted never to hare seen in thy I.os 'he
tsess, drukenuess, and profligacy of the Labouring pen► minoritire, which Lad mipeerteti Mr. Heine
ple. flow comes it Olio the character of the common ficaVOnrs to 'gee: ecnnonsV acs retrenchment. (ilea-.
epeoetprn,lg.ei.so:fdl-ilngnl,a:da,..eas,nitiltabirelenuntytiergone this astanishine hear.) In the el,,C•ion of Mr. Anson. Erma c,;-:liots
starring;
aon%:::e see the cultivation of the lards greaela oh b-en made by the friends; of reform, in me Impes
arid in excellence of aft ;!, vl at eacse wont: hare his rOprort ; anti Is, (Mr.
kinds
oatl.ltitiletis whit? br,th tt:ose %A ho pertor tt hay aided, all to ;tower. hi- friend Mr. P3:ntr
the labour of these fields described aa dreekor ; others. to effect the return of that gentleman. Whet
profligate, and as unworthy
ocft.
leini,izewhertyo
till la. .Sr sin tis,:smUoileapbpyointirsent. hoverer, that 'Le reform I.i.
Mr. Anna to his conritoews hat beg:.
and again (fur it never an he too often repro!) let 0 pay the least of .t, that of the cr oiseat
the fanner recollect, that of whatever he toys ia ib. qe hoped That the conduct of Mr. Aeson !Id t
shape of Wages. nearly one half goes not to the eenifir •seepe the repteben•ion of Mr. Palmer art' the of • r
of the labourer, but is carried by him to be &livered u: •teto sts of Yarmouth who had been so instrumento: na
•

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061

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tiag not
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Mr. SP'
itr.ll
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b, rode
our
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trete'
tilra 81'
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Ow*
Mr. 1
r the
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pee
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VI
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• i`

AN INQUIRY
ELECTIVE FRANCHISE OF VIE CITIZENS Or
NHL) THE GERESAL EIGHTS Or THE LIVERY.
SCIIULTSF, GANT.
• been much gratified with the perusal
lee, under the above title, which in an ela-
agreeable m traces the rights of the
London, through the several periods of our
On several paints which interest the anti
well as the political enquirer, it je not in Our,
• room for the information it coataies—'
notice the main objects of the writer's-
;kb be thuP sums up in his conclusion
:
common-council was originally the select
the citizens at large. deriving its power
whole body or incorporation of citizens, and
• considered only as their delegates, deps.
Asters for particular purposes. All the.
previous to the 21st of Edward the Third.
the grant of a community in the reign of,
First, (admitting it to I.e of any import:
referred to the citizens Doi _ Ily, and the se-
' was of their voluntary creation. its es-
within time of legal memory, (since Ist
varioqz changes both with regard to its
the description of those who occasion-
composed it, militate against the construction of
. corporation by custom, or prescription, or
any authority which the g I assembly
convened by..the•mayor and aldermen
any time contractt or alter. The whole
tens constitute the corporation, and a cor-
cot make a corporation within itself with.
Int. The common-coancil therefore, not
anted by royal grant, cannot be a corpora-
however regarded and acknowledged by
as their representative body, and as each
,Ind the city so far as they are consistent
corporate character of the citizens. Bat lee
every ecormation is clothed with a treat
constitution- shall not be violated or• its
,ed, so the citizens could not legally per-
t. either by themselves in their own COP.
spotty, or by their delegated ministers, tie
mittee, or common-council, to destroys
titer any of the original franchisee 41r
them as a community or incorporated body,
and confirmed by all the ancient charters.
xercised and enjoyed by them as residua
appear therefore by the preceding repress.-
• the general elective franchise was first
exercised by the citizens. It was after-
!get! in the reign of Edward the Third,
divided, the wardsmen electing aldermen,
. chief officers, and all the companies of
(ening common-councilmen. Thit original
resumed by the citizens at large, in the
'chard the Second. and was exercised by
Z interruption till the 7th and 15th years
the Fourth, when it was again divided be-
wardsmen and companies, bat materially
ibed in operation, being limited (with regard
lilies) to their livery alone. and not to the
generally, arbefore ordained.
Itemplating the liverymen as a body of electors.
-able that they were not constituted by
in fact, were not known by that name,
ign of Edward the Fourth. when they were
fight into nolicsander that description, by an
the court of com,don-council, which
to them the power of electing city A-
-curt of common-con:mil had no power to
a alteration in their own constitution: for
Ily derived its appointment from the men
, under a specific ordinance made by the
!rens In a general assembly, it was incom-
council so formed, to ordain that in fu-
tcipal compcntnt members, namely, the
Iheriffs, should be elected by a description
ifferent from those who were to elect the
)rs of its own body; nor had they the le-
) extend or abridge the elective franchise
tens, or to create a right of electioa in li
nowinc to the exclusion of wardsmen, by
:ommon-council were chiefly appointed.
)f common-conrcil, whilst the right of
exercised by the citizens generally, were
tesebtative body of the city ; bat after the
iherilfs, in their official character. became
:a of lireymen, (many of such liverymen
zesidents.) the court of common-council
iroperly be considered as elected by the ci•
ege. It is also worthy of remark, that the
if the court of common-council of Edward
-ztended only the election of city officers,
the election of parliamentary represents:
tons authorities before cited have shown
tizens sometime% assembled in a general, and
• a select body, in order to elect city of-
)arliamentary representatives: that such
i.ere dlinnoes, having elective, consultivae,
ire f that the folkinote continued in
vaiions appollations in the records till
Edward the l'hiril, when a select council
.11 was established by consent of thegeoe-
' citizens, and then the deliberative and
power of the folkumte was principally es-
the select council; but the elective power
;erl to the general assembly : that the
acting chief officers was subsequently truis-
m cowmen council frotn the general asses-
tens, to a select assembly of persons be-
com?anies generally, contrary to ancient
the letter, spirit, and meaping of all the
:rat this power of election afterwards esol
.le general assembly of citizens, but woe
irperl and transferred to the livery couspeo
'iv, instead of the companies at large; and
oresent common ball being merely an assns.
-rymen, who under that denomination are
Lrily hound to residenc• within the cite,
lestitute of the characteristics of • folk.
it he considered in the light of a meeting
of citizens—That therefore, ander all the
ices, the citizens at large have jest ground:
n of the infraction of their chattered rights,
be justified in applying to the legislature
itution of them, especially as the act of I I th
seems to have been enacted upon an erro
eptinn of the nature of the cilia:tie con.
privileges, and was moreorzr contrary to

an express legWative *sacrament of the coon of cosm-
oses council, which bad for its object the preservation
of sec\ privileges.

NORFOLK ASSIZES.
HUNT AND CO. ►. SOWS AND CO.
In Ibi► cause, a point of great importance to the
public was decided, by which it appears the proprietors
of stage-coarhee are liable to pay for the medical as-
sistance. nursing. and other incidental expenses ne-
cessary to a person who may be injured by the wilful
neglect or eareleesfiess of the drivers of stag coaches.
The public will recollect the distressing elreun,etance
of the Yarmouth Star-coach being overturned at Soule.
in Feb. 1621, by which Mr. Butterfield, traveller for
the Low Moor Iron Works, was so seriously injured,
that after lingering in great torture for 59 days,
be died there on the 15th of April. In May last
the parties for whom Mr. B. travelled wrote the fol-
lowing letter to the coach proprietors:
" Low Moor Iron Works, near Bradfotd,
" Yorkshire. May 22, 1821.
" Messrs. T. Boyce and Chaplin, proprietors of
" the Vermouth Star Coach, Loudon.
ti•ntlemen—we are only WSW enabled to ascertain
the amount of the expenses incurred by us in cease-
quence of the injury received by our late traveller.
Mr. F. Butterfield. on the 15th day of Feb. lest. by
the overturning of the Yarmouth Star Coach. at
Stole Inn, near Disc, la Norfolk. The injury re-
ceived on that day caused the death of Mr. Better-
field on the 15th of April last. As there is no
doubt bat that the overturning of the 'oath was
occasioned by the wilful negligence of the driver, we
trust you will readily eery to us the expellees inser-
ted oa account of this accident: they amount to 360/.
3s. 6d.—The vouchers for the actual paymeat of this
sum are in our possession, and we bare no objection,
if you wish it, to place then, in the bands of soy re-
spectable gentleman fee ;riot. instruction. We would
also hope abet the deplorable situation of the widow
of the late Mr. Butterfield and six young childreo,left
completely unprovided for, will induce you to compen-
sate in some degree for tho serious loss which they
have sustained—a loss which they must individually
feel during life. We trust this appeal in behalf of the
unfortunate family who are the subjectof it will ha►e
the desired effect, and prevent their baring motes' to
any unpleasant proceediugs. We are. Gentlemen. your's,
very rerpectflly.
IhRD. DAWSON. HARDY, & FIELD."

As the " law provides no remedy for a widow"
ander the circumstances is which lira. Butterfield
was left, the coach proprietors took no notice of the
above letter. The firm therefore for whom tdr. B.
:ravelled brought an action against them for the
amount of the expenses at Stole and the lois of his
services in their business. . The plaintiffs proved • the
coach was overturned by the carelessness and negli-
gence of the driver, and the defendants p►oduced no
witnesses to contradict them. In snanning sp, Baron
Richards with great ability stated the law, that the
Jury could only award such damage fur the loss of
,service as combined the period of certain arrangemerta
which it was proved the deceased bad to fulfil ; bat
that he was of opinion the plaintiffs wire entitled to
a verdict if the Jury believed the accident " *was oe-
cas!oned by the misconduct of the driver," and they
that they ought to state what amount they gave as a da-
mages for loss of service and what for ex pesses leparately.
The Jury, afters few saiseweiirlibandsw,fassOfteit
verdict for the plaintiffs—the expenses, and 1001. for
loss of service." The importance of thi, ease to all
houses employing travellers most be manifest, and the
public are under an obligation to the respectable bouts
which have thus come for'sveld to establish such as
imi

iportant view

EIMIIIM
*TO Tile iLI
LONDON •N
DT MINOT I
We hart I
•r a pamphlet,
Locale yet age
citidens of Lot
history. On
query, as well
power to give
i 1 We can only es
research, able
-Thee
committee of
from the whol
i - can now be ce
ties, or mink
charters preei
as well as the
Richard the I
ante,) referret
leer council w
tablishment se
Ric. I.) its ea
numbers and
ally compelled
its being a to,
possessing an
or folkinote I
might not at i
L'ody of eitize
' 1 poration cantle
out royal grar
being conseita
tion. It is It
i• the citizens as
its acts bind
• with the corps
. ..
i ' mooch as eve
that its coos
Power; &bored
form any act,
porats capaoii
select cooterti
abridge, or al
longing to the
recognised ant
and to be eye
citizens.
. i It will appe
I tatioo, that. t
i universally el
I , .
wards ahrillgi
when it was d
1 ' mayors, and c
(4
t the city etecti
rioht was rei
reign of Rid
tA them'witliont
of Edward th
• tweet' the WI
/4 • circumscribed
•t •,, i.... to th e eompan
, i 1 • companies get
~
kr it Contemplat
is observe!
i i` 0
i\ 4 charter, and, i
i till the reign
first brought I
. ordinaoce of
'1
li., transfe-red to
'I . cers. The to
,
• i! I ' Make such an
ii ;'
f ~ as it original!,
of the wards,
e resident eitize
petent foe a c
tore its prier
ii,. i nos or and ab
of persons dil
other member
• gal power to II
of the citizer
very men CO A
1410111 the CI
'fl-e court of
election was
ti.c true repro
1 I
it
. • rneyor and sh
the nominees
- Leing non-ret
could not pro
then! at larg
1 ordinances of
the Fourth Cl
and net lo tl
tires.
• The Tarim
i that the el:jai
1/4. I oa-ietimes in
ficees and pi
I
el I. • assemblies w,
'Li' 1
liji , ,and legislativ
vogue under
44'1 • the time of I
.
4.
1.1 of warelsmen
iris;
iibisot,l• ireopf
) ,
, 14 ,
''
'
II) i,,, '
. et
A '
erciaed by th
still belongs
power of eke
(erred by the
hiy 'of citize
li . lo;:ging to c,
custom, and
charters : to
) veiled to the
again osurpe
l'I;, .), I nies speciall]
• ~/. e , that the pees
If .
10
.0 lily of liver,
not necessari
‘ . 'ill and being de
I. i • mute, carnet
• carnet!' or council of
eircomstance
L , to complain
'and would b
'.l, for a ratite'
,1
li i.'! ; George I. se
. acetic cone,'
Istilational I