The Liverpool Standard, and General Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1854-09-26 00:00:00

rates of chronometer.
captains of merchant ships
t,
nometers compared in
noted in such a manner as tc
‘„10. proper allowance in their
The ordinary mode in which s
!ere effected, so far as he undo'2_Professional raters, who asst.,
!Treed On that as a means of
"milometers submittto al. Su' reed
kcain ,
1-1
g was obviously o-- arious ob,
3 r the liberality rporation
Provided at the 0.. tory for ea'
_ ariations of chronomett. in all tern
:It_dcl be signnlar if the owners and e
its Port do not avail themselves of the
Tatlvas, he thought, desirable to diffuse s
generally, which in all likelihood woi
r7a7s being more generally participatec
meats in the Observatory, the ral
rS variety of temperature can bo
BEECHEY made a few observations ontne great
ry2rtance of the suggestions thrown out by Mr.
cta'll), He said that the liberal provisions of the ob-
th—aLe'rY committee were deserving of the best thanks of
eie2Mmunit and also of the Association. He con-
y,t° moving that the thanks of the section be ,--
,that committee, and also to Mr. Hartnnp.
vhr,,Ptain FITZROY, RN., bore willing testimony to the
tia",!, of Mr. Hartnup's remarks, and to his exertions.
ef',`uso expressed his conviction of the great importance
teenaving chronometers correct, and their correctness
`.°ll, and known. He would, however, caution captains
hat the risk incident to having their chronometers
,74en on shore. He suggested that it would be more de-
,i,able to have them put in a fixed and secure place, and
'le their rates of deviation carefully noted on board.
the Paper Was then read by Professor W. Thomson, "on
mathematical antecedents of motion, light and heat."
stre paper was of great length, and abounded with ab-
the—'e speculations. Mr. A. CXYLEY read a paper -" on
fon solution of cubic and liquadratic equations." He was
" „,13,ared by Sir W. ROWAN HIOULTON, who read a paper
then some extensioned of the (Quaternions." The section
`ll seParat.

By test

Ltures ; and it

s of ships in

eAven

SECTION B.—CHEMICAL SCIENCE.
•
of this section papers were read "On the distribution
6,4odin, e in the mineral, vegetable, and animal kingdom,"
cfliou.r. Stevenson Macadam, F.C.S. "On lead in.hydro-
ktinrlc. and nitric acids," by the same. Chemical ex-
b ation of some alloys of copper and zinc," by D.
.zerbei,
taati sct• "On the amounts
.of, an. d mefitop of esti-
ng ammonia and nitric acid in rain water, by J. B.
Ives' " On a method of analysis applicable to the
maititative estimation of nitric and acetic acids," by Dr.
n• Gladstone. -" Ori the estimation of iron by the
4041,eh0d of Marguerite, and some notes on the preparation
hs, Pe standard solution of permanganate of potash ley,"
e• Nicholson Esq., and D. S. Prier, Esq. "On a
c"scop h "
e c romatac 3'

oy G. Knig

SECTION C.-GEOLOGY

il4Pera -this
Were read In section by Sir. R. I. Murchi-
the' /,‘ "11 general,zonsideration of the Palaeozoic rocks of
vinces'"4„l-Z, the Thurm' querwald, and the Rhenish Pro-
, and " Extracts from a letter 6f Rev. W. B. Clark,
the relative age of the auriferous Palaeozoic Rocks of ktstralia
•
gE~TION D.—ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, INCLUDING

PHYSIOLOGY

retopa,th
!8 section, papers were read by Mr:J. B. YATES, ac
dul Zle,"l by an " exhibition of Cones of the Dion
4,11 reie,'ti,,DY Dr. Laycock. "On the physiology of
,c,e11.,
,rrefess,.7ll,,to consciousness and adoptive movements ; by
Jgatu.o`4;,t'orbes, "On some points connected with the
the ,',"`,llistory of the Azores ;" by Mr. Buckton, " On
insecrP,"ication of cyanide of potassium to the killing of
per„i'' for the cabinet ;" by Mr. T. C. Archer, "On some
Tarities of caoutchouc," and " on some diagrams of
Ls, for educational purposes;" by Professor Allman,
ii"llithe occurrence of thread cells in infusoria ;" by Mr.
"Oa drawings of invertebrate animals, by lir.
ee, Birkenhead ;" by Dr. Daubeny, " A report of the
41znittee on the vitality of seeds."

SEcTiON F
'Ns section met
at eleven o'lock, Colonel Chesn
It. I. Islrhison, presiding. nil
ItrZclin a considerable num
.„„9 e, present We noticed the
ro..tesley, Rev. Dr. Hume, Dr.
Dr. ibne, J. B. Yates'
ik"evn.
,Icr. Arthur, M.A., John
8. i,11(11aY, P. Hindmarab,
4'. Seymour, Ma. &c.

GEOGRAPHY AND ETHNOLOG

the absence of Sir

e was a larg

attendance

of ladies

:arl. of Harrowby, LOrd
-orton Shaw, Richd. Cull,
'.R.S., Capt. Allen, -R.N.,

Brown. Dr. Laukester,
Dr. John

Kenned.

Eleven
"Oa th Pas ere marked for ._
e Caucasus and parts of the Crimea,
oriel our, M p
Caucasus
CHES. VEY, introducing the subject, said, the
geaeaslis, as every one knew, ran between the Black
the Caspian Sea, and was a boundary beyond
t,t4n Russia ought never to have been permitted to ex-
.her territories. (Hear, bear.) The question was a
ntlPortant one, and he hoped the day would come
1111 the Caucasus would be a barrier to Russia.
be tor' it D. SEYMOUR, M.P., said all he could do would
noddgive them a short -sketch of those parts of the world
ed to by Colonel Chesney, having only received
st,at,''' on Saturday last that it was wished that he should
tray', what he had seen in those countries daring his
In the Crimea he had not taken the same in-
not having stayed so long in that country as in the
aaoeasus, having merely passed through about nine years
,
a„" and stayed one summer, while in the Caucasus he
remained upwards of three years, having visited it
1;110 different times before and afterwards, and made a
111a...g 4°4l'l:ley in Persia and Messapotamia. The Crimea
to:1 inhabited by four different -races. The Tartars
the bulk of the population ; but there were also
~,,,_"4eelcs remaining from the old Greek colonies ; an ancient
R.,,-"ltnlY• of Jews ; and Russians, who had gone there in
itit numbers since the country came into their posses-
(lll about 1786. The southern part of the Crimea pre-
stedhed.The interesting geographical features, which he
countryde-
was very little cultivated before
wing at Percop. Near that place, however, the steppes
Tire fine plains, very much like the Downs in Wiltshire.
et'ee the traveller gallops briskly he reaches
TkinPheropol, which is Lt _ -
f-
LPlains rose gradually on approaching tne ALL".....,
,r4-4mg a series of I eautiful undulating hills. Serapheropol
Itqa, 4 Pretty Masi. 11 to vn, with tolerably good houses, and
l eb.erl-inded by we ods of magnificent foliage. It was
heofilj inhabited 1y R issians. Continuing down to the
11,11 'west, they arrive 1, at a distance of about fortyaniles,
F 4
ta,,,:waY to Sebastcpol, at the old Tartar ,capital Bek-
lat-t°, where there were the remains of the old palaceof
ial.,,!.llcient Khans of the Crimea. In the adjacent moun-
N he found a colony of Jews, who were reformers of
;•1414,?e_ rsuasion, having rejected the interpolations of the
"Y He next visited Sebastopol, then commanded
zaidset,', eral Lazoroff, who had begun his career as a British
Velo,lPrnan and who was at the battle of Trafalgar.
atroe"`„!l Upton,' who was then superintending the con-
tspe.t,l4ll of a large dock there, shewed him the ships, and
`4,11, drew his attention to the " Twelve Apostles," the
ltiebibL. Which the Russians were now so proud. He re-
v.,,eted, also that great complaints were made about
It wa,s"°<l or which the Russian ships were built, and that
Idea said that a cannon-ball, which would lodge in the
%.„_4iPs 13,, an English man-of-war, would go through their
rasi;l;l4,consecuence of their being "jobbed." And in
sliniftreulel,`,"r,oligh the casemated batteries, the engineer made
?n,,servation, viz., that their construction was ex-
hey would ',..0J,„",bed," and that if the time should come when
oe required to do active service, they would
CoL o.atand the shock of their own fire. (" Hear, hear," by
°Pita 'ef'neV, who in his recent work, advances the same
Th.._toe i 11%.)
fans were
that were true remained to be seen.
th:77?. yclnre a quickremarkablynv people ; and in the
se," rd impossible" was e erpermitted to be used.
-A‘aaeo etiines gave rise to ludicrous incidents • for in-,
140tk 'elonel Upton tol him that when budding the
Pito fa'ttes, he found that thee woodwork would not fit
granite work, and he was unable to account for
tellea -4:llea. la ions having been accurate, until he ascer-
:..
,t the workman whose duty it was to prepare
per thatia4 made a mistake and cut it short, and, in
pq his error might not be discovered, he cut
leavre bY which it had been measured. (Lauhter.)
og Sebastopol he proceeded to Balallava, where the
stol4sl,dogoZif,ltir roop, . s'whs first determined on, but it was
.tat geleadi rid Judiciously so, because-there was a narrow
Asalaki ng to Sebastopol which might be easily defended.
),Port ava the southern portion of the Crimea opened
rt....1141(1't?. Instead of the vast plains which stretched
toLloes'iruntains rose from the sea and formed a de-
tv:4,,try aoPP,; upon which the Russians had built their
Se to l'iiences, to which they repaired in summer as
the'''tel4pol fatY• The Tauric chain of mountains protected
in Plato. rom the cold and hot winds that swept over
tblititare4and which made Odessa so cold in winter, and
kc„ule• TtdnstY as to render that place almost unen-
ZiaPleada; Black Sea looked as blue as the /Ege.an,
rrh,"aiell vegetation covered the slopes of the hills,
Plenteously grew the vine, introduced by
fear e)9,0,17°11., and from which wines were made that
tee, kirids ed to England, where they were sold as in-
bc:tell by Port and sherry. He was most hospitably
,tivea rinee Woronzoff, who was born in England,
'Air ere till he was twenty years old, and who was,
to e.,llsllaro'lptieg.li the
wars with Napoleon, extremely popular
4,(1 of t, At this time he was invested with the corn-
ro'9,ie Qailue..isßussian territory from the north of Poland
tbe On no
having at his command nearly 200,000
attei tither is return to Semherol he passed along
I,latalesn4lt, toorxitse,°o4Bft, which was covered With the sites of
Aier kit.. was „ w Eupatoria where our troops had
one, e
nOutunecoming to'
.Kerch, the. ancient
ha 'old, laud rois tumuli of the ancient.occu-
keteb
~: This _ were discovered, he was hospitably
tias.ed tl,4_ts a port of some importance, 400 ships
he reeo°tlgh it in one year. In passing through
4"4" the Ciramerian Bosphorous, which

THE CAUCASUS AND CRIMEA,

.eading, the fnst being

by H..Danbi

,re of the islanc