The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-04-29 00:00:00

THE DRUID-COLLISION

Dr. Lushington delivered his judgment in this case. The
principle which must govern this case was one of every day
occurrence in this and in other courts—the rule and doctrine
applied to cases of principal and agent, master and servant.
The liability of a master for ignorance, neglect, or want of
honesty in the conduct of his servant, in the transaction of

the master's business within the proper scope of his employ-
ment, was a rule universally recognised, and was indeed, es-
sential to the protection of mankind in the transaction of their
affairs ; but he would at the same time observe, that it ap-
peared difficult to define the meaning of the phrase " within
the scope of his employment." It had been contended that
no such liability exists where the servant, though occupied in
the transaction of the affairs of his master generally, occa-
sions an injury to another party by his violent, wilful, and
malicious conduct. Before he resorted to authorities, it
would be satisfactory to consider upon what reasoning such
an exception could be founded, and how far it was consistent
with the principles of justice and public convenience, and
within what limits, if the exception existed, it ought to be
restrained. It was consistent with reason and natural jus-
tice that a man should be responsible for the skill, diligence,
and honesty of the agent he employs in the transactions of
his business, and whom he holds out to the world as fit to be
trusted : in effect, he may be said to contract with those with
whom he deals for the existence of these qualities in his agent.
Unless the principal were so responsible, the business of the
world could not go on; those who treated with an agent would
have no remedy, and all just confidence would be destroyed.
Those he apprehended to be the reasons on which the re-
sponsibility of principals for the acts of their agents rested.
But the present case was one of violence and wilful aggres-
sion, and was said to be distinguished, so far as the principle
is concerned from fraud. Why? if the distinction existed,
there might be strong technical reasons as to forms of action;
but the solid distinction in point of justice was not at first so
apparent. It might be said that hand and forgery occur in
the ordinary transactions of business, whereas force and
violence cannot be contemplated in the discharge of any
duty. This reasoning might be true, but it was not alto-
geeher satisfactory. The safer ground appeared to be that
such cases were cases of implied contract. Criminal respon-
sibility alone could not form the distinction • it might occur
that the master of a ship would be criminally responsible,
and yet the owners liable for the damage ; or in the case of
a steamer going through a very crowded roadstead in a dark
night, occasioning collision, and destroying ship and crew ;
if so, in a case of general malice, in law the owners would
be responsible; in a case of particular malice they would
not. Perhaps, however, there might be another reason ; it
might be said that to make principals responsible for the
wilful and malicious aggression of their agents, would be not
only to make them answerable for acts done out of the
scope of their employment, but expose principals to such
risks as might seriously impede the despatch of business,
and impose too severe a responsibility upon principals. If
he were to say what the principle is upon which the cases
went, it appeared to be this--that fraud may be incidental
to the employment of an agent—force never. All the cases
as to master and servant, principal and agent, were more
or less applicable to the present question, for they must all
proceed on common principles. In " Macmanus v. Crick-
it," 1 East, 105, the servant of the defendant wilfully drove
his chariot against the plaintiff's chaise, and the court
incidentally stated that the action would not lie. In
" Bowcher v. Noidstrom," 1 Taunton, it was held that a
master was not responsible for the acts of a seaman who wil-

fully injured another vessel, though the master was on board
at the time, and though it had been held at common law that
generally the master is responsible for the acts of his crew.
If the cases had rested here, notwithstanding the high autho-
rity of Lord Kenyon, in " Macmanus v. Crickitt," he should
have had considerable difficulty in understanding what the

doctrine of the common law was. But there was a much
more recent case, in 1838, that of " Lyons v. Martin," 8
Ad. and Ellis, in which a servant, authorised to distrain
cattle, drove a horse from the highway into his master's
close, and distrained it, the, Court held that the master was

lot responsible for this wilful act of his servant. He (Dr.
Lushington) understood that a case bad since been decided
n the Court of Exchequer in which the same doctrine had
seen held, but it is not reported. There had been many

other cases with very nice distinctions—as that a master is
responsible for the negligence of a servant going out of the
way on his master's business, not if solely on business of his
own. It seemed, therefore, impossible to doubt that, at
common law, an action in this case could not be maintained
against the company which own the steam-tug ; and on the
principle laid down in " Lyon v. Martin," that the act of
the master was a wilful aggression. If such an action could
not be supported at common law, it could not be maintained
here; he must, therefore, dismiss the owners. He could
not, however, leave this case without expressing his deep re-
gret, that in British waters, within British jurisdiction, the
foreign master and owner of this vessel should be subjected
to this outrage and loss, and perhaps total ruin, not only
without redress, but without any punishment being inflicted
on the delinquent, who had so causelessly and wantonly oc-
casioned the damage. If the captain went without punish-
ment, and the toreign master and owner without redress, the
example must be of evil effect, and a discouragement to the
trade of foreigners with this country, afford a mischievous
precedent for like ill-treatment to British ships in foreign
ports, and be a transaction discreditable to British hospita-
lity and justice.

MELANCHOLY CASE OF POISONING.—A most tragical
occurrence took place on the 16th instant, at a small hamlet
within a few miles of Loughrea. It appears that at the
house of a labouring man named Walsh two or three poor
families resided together, at a place called Kylebrack ; that
on the above day, while her husband had been absent, the
wife of Walsh complained of a slight indisposition ; and on
the suggestion of his sister (a widow named Haigny, who
resided with them), some gruel was prepared, of which all
the inmates, seven in number, had partaken. Shortly after-
wards the parties became alarmingly ill, and ere five hours
had elapsed, Walsh's wife, his son Michael, about three
years old, and his sister Haigny, had expired. Intimation
of the occurrence having been conveyed to Mr. C. Farrell,
justice of the peace, Dalystown, that gentleman immediately
proceeded to the spot, and had restoratives promptly admi-
nistered to the survivors—one of whom, the son of widow
Haigny, a lad about 11 years old, has since died. In the
course of the day an inquest was held on the bodies of the
three first-named persons. Drs. Lynch and M`Donnell, of
Loughrea, attended and made a post mortem examination ;
and in order to afford these gentlemen sufficient time to ana-
lyse the contents of the stomachs, the inquest was adjourned
to Friday. The whole affair is involved in the greatest mys-
tery. The adjourned inquest took place yesterday before
Mr. T. Walsh, and from the circumstances that transpired,
aeit
xs
examination,
sitnhdaeet
iesoomnrel daosfatdphvoeiissmai
abeldeui
medical
ld have the owner of the house
(Walsh) and a woman named Manion, committed for further
moenn
this had n, thoecir opinion
Galway Vindicator.melancholynot
noccasion.--
Galway

THE

R OEHA MPT ON MURDER,

130 W-STREET POLICE-COURT-MONDAY

RE-EXAMINATION OF MOLLY GOOD AND RICHARD
GAMBLE, CHARGED AS BEING ACCESSORIES AFTER
THE FACT TO THE MURDER OF JANE JONES.

Monday morning having been appointed for the re-
examination of Molly Good and Richard Gamble on the
above charge, the neighbourhood of Bow-street was much
crowded. When the prisoners were brought to the court,
the most discordant yells and execrations broke forth, and
did not subside until the prisoners had been placed in
their cells.

Mr. Maule said it was his duty shortly to state the case
against the prisoners at the bar. They were charged with
being connected (after the fact) with the circumstances at-
tending the charge of murder, on which Daniel Good had
been committed to Newgate—that they were accessories after
the fact—that knowing the offence with which Good was
charged, they received and harboured the offender, and as-
sisted in his escape for a short time. Perhaps, however, if
the evidence only went so far as to prove that they received
the stolen goods of the murdered woman knowing them to
be stolen, that would be sufficient in law to constitute them
accessories after the fact. Mr. Maule then referred to
the opinions laid down by Mr. Justice Blackstone, and
continued—it would be necessary here to show that Daniel
Good was the offender, and then to prove the connection of
that person with the prisoners. He should prove that he
fled from Roehampton on the 6th of April, after the muti-
lated body was found, that he proceeded to the lodgings of
the deceased, and took away property belonging to her, that
he then went to the house of the prisoner Mary Good; that
they were seen together there disposing of the property of
the deceased, and he finally left her on the 9th of April.
With respect to Gamble, he should prove that he was seen
at the house of the female prisoner under circumstances the
most suspicious ; that he went at late hours of the night
without a bundle, and returned afterwards with bundles,
At the house of both prisoners property belonging to the de-
ceased had been found. He should also produce evidence as
to conversations which had been heard between the prison-
ers, which he thought would clegrly prove that they were
cognisant of the offence which Good was charged with having
committed, and they had secreted him, and assisted him in
effecting his temporary escape. At all events, of this he (Mr.
Maule) was confident, that he should be able to establish
such a strong case of suspicion, that it would be the magis-
trate's duty to commit them for trial before that tribunal
which could alone finally decide their guilt or innocence.
Evidence was then produced toestablish the truth of these
statements. .

Mr. Pelham said, he wished to know how the Court in-
tended to deal with this case. He understood that this wo-
man was the real wife of Good, and if so, then she could not
be charged with harbouring him. He believed if be had time
he could show that they were married in Ireland, as abundant
witnesses, he understood, might be called to prove it. So if
Mary Good was Good's wife, she could not be committed as
a receiver of stolen property, in consequence of having re-
ceived it from her husband. These were the two difficulties
he felt press upon him in this case.
Mr. Hall asked the male prisoner if he had anything to
say, and cautioned him against saving anything, as it would
be taken down and used against him at his trial.

The prisoner Gamble then remarked—'
say."

" I have nothing to

Mr. Hall asked Mr. Maule what course he wished him to

pursue?

Mr. Maule pointed out the conversations that had been
spoken to as having taken place between Gamble and the
female prisoner at the George and Guy, and between Mary
Good and the female at her own house, and with the potboy
at the Spotted Dog, which, he contended, showed that the
prisoners were aware of the commission of this offence. He
might rest his case upon the prisoners' own declarations ; but
what was the fact? The prisoners were proved to have been
at hide and seek—they both had property that belonged to
the deceased, which they concealed, and denied they had
possession of when questioned by the police. Now if he was
right in the inferences he drew, he thought there was abun-
dant evidence to put them on their trial as accessories after
the fact. On the other hand, if the magistrate thought the
evidence was not sufficiently strong to convict them upon
that charge, then he begged to direct the attention of the
Court to the fact of Good having feloniously possessed him-
self of Jane Jones's property after the murder, and that pro-
perty having been found in the prisoners' possession, was
enough to establish a prima facie case to put them on their
trial as receivers of stolen goods ; and it would then be for
them to give a satisfactory account of how they became pos-
sessed of them.

Mr. Hall said he had not heard the smallest evidence that
either Jane Jones, the deceased, or the female prisoner,
Mary Good, was the wife of Daniel Good, and therefore he
was not bound to deal with the prisoner in that character.
Then, with respect to the man Gamble, there was this strong
fact, that some gowns belonging to the deceased were found
under his bed, and one of them was proved to have been in
her possession the day before she disappeared. There were
also two shirts, which it had been clearly proved had been
entrusted to the deceased to wash. It therefore appeared to
be much more clear to his mind that he should commit him
as a receiver of stolen goods, and the solicitor for the prose-
eution might prefer any other indictment he thought proper.
With respect to Mary Good, the evidence against her was
much stronger as an accessory after the fact, because con-
versations of an important character had been overheard to
have taken place between her and other parties. She had been
traced to various placessleeping with Good, and the workboxes
belonging to the deceased had been sworn to by the little
boy as having been in the possession of the deceased, even
so late as Monday, the 4th inst., the day after the woman
was missed. This, to his mind, clearly established a case of
receiving stolen property against her, and therefore he should
prefer committing her on that charge, although the evidence
was of a very strong character against her as an accessory
after the murder. However, Mr. Maule might prefer an
indictment against her for that offence as well as for the
one upon which she was committed, if be so pleased. They
are, concluded the worthy magistrate, therefore both com-
mitted for trial as receivers of stolen property.
The voluminous depositions having been read over, the
prisoners were removed in the van to Newgate, amidst the
loud execrations of a dense mob.
The examination did not conclude till half-past five
o'clock.

PARIS FASHIONS

(From the Court Gazette.)
Promenade costumes still present a melange of spring and
autumn ; for while our chapeaux are those of the former, our
robes are, in most instances, those of the latter; but as these
robes are of a form that will probably continue to be adopted
during the season in summer silks I shall describe them.
. The corsage is always made a three-quarter height. Some
are made without any trimming, others with a pelerine lappel
edged with three or four pipings put close together. Several
have the edge of the lappel cut in square tabs, with spaces
between, and edged with a narrow &lie' of the colour of the
dress. In at least nine instances out of ten the sleeves are
tight, but if the lappel is cut at the edge, there is a mancheron
of moderate width and depth cut bordered to correspond.
Trimmings round the borders of promenade dresses are, for
the present at least, entirely laid aside. The centre of the
skirt is sometimes left plain. These robes appeared towards
the close of last autumn in the rich silks that were then worn,
but they were adopted only a short time ; they are now re-
vived, and, as I have already seen several made in summer
silks, I think they will have a run this summer.
If the day is cold a cashmere, either long or square, is
adopted, but a mantelet or scarf is substituted for it when the
weather permits. Some of the first have recently appeared
in pea-green, light blue, and lilac you de sole; they are all
of the same form—a short round cloak cut bias, and, conse-
quently, as they are made high, they sit close round the neck
and shoulders ; there is a deep square falling collar and arm
holes. The garnitures vary. Some are bordered with fancy
trimming of a corresponding colour ; I must qbserve that the
vogue of this kind of trimming, in every way in which it can
be employed, is expected to continue during the summer.
Others are trimmed with a coquillage of riband, also of the
colour of the mantelet, and a good many are edged with lace.
The various scarfs that I have already described are adopted
when the weather permits, and I think their vogue may be
considered as decidedly fixed for the season; but they will
not reign alone, for scarfs, both of muslin and lace, will as-
suredly be fashionable in the course of a few weeks more. I
have already seen several of both lined with rose or blue
gauze or Florence ; those of lace have nothing remarkable,
but some of the muslin ones are as novel as they are pretty.
They are entirely composed of entre deux of embroidered
muslin and Valenciennes lace alternately, and edged with
Valenciennes of great breadth and beauty laid on flat.
Lace, that is, white lace, is expected to be in very great
request for every part of the toilet in which it can be em-
ployed. Several of the new chapeaux and capotes are orna-
ments with it; it is usually disposed upon the latter in a full
demi voile, attached to the edge of the brim. It is arranged
on the former in various ways ; one of the most tasteful is a
lace lappet, either point d' Angleterre or point d' Alencon
of a very light pattern ; it is placed in the interior of the brim,
issuing in folds on one side from under the crown • the folds
are looped over the right temple by a small tuft of the most
delicate flowers ; the lappet flows loosely from thence under
the side of the brim, and descends low on the neck. A se-
cond lappet of a similar pattern is disposed in drapery on the
crown, in such a manner that the end forms a kind of rosette,
in which a full bouquet of very rare and beautiful exotics is
placed on one side. This stile of trimming is adopted only
for chapeaux with rather open brims, principally for crape
ones, but 1 have seen it sometimes used for moire or pots le

sole.
Some changes are talked of in the forms of chapeaux, but
as yet they are only talked of. A. few, indeed, have been
made with the corners higher than usual, but the generality
retain their horizontal form, so arranged, however, as tdper-
mit the brim to come more over the face. In one respect a
decided change has taken place--the brim no longer meets
under the chin, though it is still very long. Flowers are be-
ginning to be more generally adopted for the exterior trim-
mings of chapeaux, though feathers are still in the ascend-
ant. I may cite among the most fashionable of the former,
Spanish jasmin, hyacinths, eglantines, cornelias, sprigs of
lilac, acacias, white thorn blossoms, fruit blossoms of differ-
ent kinds, with those of the double-blossomed peach, always
mingled with foliage. Wreaths of flowers without foliage,
particularly roses, of which we have so many and such beau-
tiful kinds, are also adopted.
The spring ribands are of a very rich kind ; changeable
ones are much in request, so also are those shaded in various
colours; they present a variety of brilliant hues, gradually
failing almost to a white tint.
The decided novelty of the season is the revival of gauze
ribands; they have now, during several seasons, been quite
obsolete, but some haverecently appeared, and are already
very fashionable ; they are very broad ; a rich grenadine
gauze ground, with satin stripes beautifully shaded ; in the
spaces between the stripes small flowers are scatteredirregu-
larly, or else disposed 'in a morning pattern; they are in
brilliant colours, and being very highly raised, have the effect
of embroidery.

A USEFUL GHOST I—The village of Odell, in Bedfordshire,
has for some time past been frightened by the pranks of a
ghost; it has lately shifted its quarters to a grocer's, where
its nocturnal amusement is grinding coffee ! At a farm-
h ouse, when the people of the house mixed a glass of grog it
inhaled all the spirit, leaving them the warm water and sugar
only for themselves. Even now-a-days all these absurdities
find ready and credulous fools to believe them.
EXTRAORDINARY CASE.—EXHUMATION OF A BODY IN-
TERRED THREE MONTHS !—Great excitement prevailed in
the neigbourhood of Harold's Cross, Dublin, on Saturday,
in consequence of the disinterment of a body which had been
in Mount Jerome Cemetery for three months, that of the late
William O'Brien, Esq., a gentleman formerly connected
with Trinity College. The disinterment took place by desire
of his nephew, W. O'Brien, Esq., who communicated with
John Paisley, Esq., senior coroner of the county of Dublin,
who, on the facts being made known to him, proceeded to
Harold's Cross, and impannelled a jury to inquire into the
case. When the jury were sworn, Mr. O'Brien made an
affidavit to the effect that he was under the impression, from
certain reasons, that his uncle came by his death by foul
means ; and he was further strengthened in that belief by a
conversation lie had had with Gordon Jackson, Esq., M. D.
and also from a conversation with his solicitor. On the co-
roner and jury proceeding to the cemetery, the care-taker at
first objected, but subsequently permitted the body to he
taken up. The stomach and other portions were then taken
out, and delivered to Doctors Shanahan and Monks, in order
that they might be analysed ; after which, the inquest ad-
journed to Wednesday. The late Mr. O'Brien was in a
declining state of health for some time previous to his de-
cease. To an only child, by a second marriage, he left the
reversion of his property. The child, however, did not long
survive him.

STATE OP TIPPERARY AND ITS BORDERS

(From the Dublin Mail.)

On Saturday last a meeting of the neighbouring magistrates
was held at Moneygall, to investigate the state of that dis-
trict, and to consider of measures necessary for the restora-
tion of peace and personal safety. The result was, a strenuous
statement to the government of the disorders which prevailed ;
and it is to be hoped that this representation will be attended
to with more energy than has hitherto characterised the
movements of the executive in this quarter. We know not
where the blame lies ; but, if the members of the administra-
tion here could see the multitude of letters which crowd our
table, and the remonstrances of their very best and most ar-
dent friends against their supineness, they would be con-
vinced that there is something wrong in their treatment of
the case, and that, if they would continue to possess the
support of the loyal, they must entitle themselves to the con-
fidence by greater activity.
It were vain, and would. be useless, to recapitulate the
number and nature of the crimes which, from this distrust,
call for punishment and redress. But surely, when we con..
cider that within a few days the following heinous offences—
in all of which the possession of fire-arms by a lawless and
barbarous peasantry has to be deplored—it will be confessed
that remedial measures con neither be too speedily adopted,
nor too vigorously enforced, viz. :-
1. The murder of Mr. Roberts.

2. Mrs. Carey severely, if not mortally, wounded.
3. Mrs. Cormack, ditto.
4. Mr. Scully severely wounded.

To which may be added no less than twenty outrages of a
minor character reported in the Nenaph Guardian of the
20th instant, in every one of which the assailants were armed
with guns.

To account for this state of things—the residuary legacy
of the whigs—is not difficult :

1. Innumerable instances prove that, even yet, juries will
not convict in murder cases. Until the panel can be cleared
of agitators and boot-eaters, there can be no hope of justice
and no chance of tranquillity.
2. The fierce waves of agitation raised during the late elec-
tion continue to rage and swell. The storm of assassination
then diverted against the freeholders, in all directions, is now
only directed against the rights of property ; and those who
were armed to kill their neighbours, for party purposes, now
use their weapons to effect objects of their own.
It is a melancholy truth we believe, and is not without its
useful lesson, that large parties were moved from the neigh-
bourhood of Mr. Scully, at Kilfeacle, to attack the voters
on their way to the election at Holyford.
They who sow the wind must expect to reap the whirlwind.
It is imperative on the government to suppress crime and
insubordination, however engendered, and wherever to be
found—whether in the north or in the south, in Armagh or
Tipperary. In the latter case, they have sent a reinforce-
ment of five policemen ! where fifty would be too little. They
I have offered a reward of a hundred pounds for a new dis-
covery, where thousands of pounds remain unclaimed for the
discoveries of years. This will not do. Something effective
is required. An overwhelming force must be sent to the
spot : an immediate search for fire-arms must deprive the
lawless of the immediate means of destruction—a more ef-
fective bill for regulating the possession of fire-arms must be
enacted, to keep those deadly weapons out of dangerous
hands. A commission to bring the guilty to immediate jus-
tice ought to be issued ; and, if those means fail, there re-
mains the severe but salutary course of proclaiming the dis-
turbed district.

Short of this the government ought not to stop, until per-
fect security of life and property had been established in the
spot where now neither property nor life is worth half an
hour's purchase.

But one really cannot be surprised at the " State of the
Country," when we find a journal greatly read and widely
circulated—published almost within the precincts of the very
district in which these crimes are committed—read no doubt
by many engaged in agragarian outrages, which may be con-
sidered as the prelude to more deadly offences—thus palli-
ates, if not justifies, the course the lower orders are adopting.

EXPERIMENTS IN THE MARSHES AT WOOLWICH

Amongst the numerous inventions submitted to the Lords
Commissioners of the Admiralty, and referred by their lord-
ships to the committee of master shipwrights recently sitting
at Woolwich Dockyard, was a composition to be used in
place of the substance with which vessels are at present
caulked to render them water-tight. The experiments or-
dered to be made by the master ship-wrights to ascertain its
value when applied to the purpose for which it is intended,
and the result, are interesting and satisfactory. Two pieces
of African teak, a species of wood difficult to be joined to-
gether by glue, on account of its oily nature, had a coating of
the composition applied to them in a boiling state, and in a
short time afterwards bolts and screws were attached to each
end, the joined wood placed in the testing-frame, and the
power of Bramah's hydraulic engine applied to the extent of
nineteen tons, when the chain broke without the slightest
strain being susceptible where the joining took place. A
larger chain of one inch and a half in diameter was then ap-
plied, which broke with a strain of 21 tons, the joint in the
wood remaining apparently as firm as at first. The utmost
strain that the cement can bear in this form, therefore
remains to be proved when experiments are made with
larger chains. Four pieces of very hard wood were then
joined together, weighing in one piece forty-four cwt.,
and carried to the top of the shears in the dockyard, a height
of 76 feet, from which it was precipitated on the hard granite
wharf wall below, without any of the joints yielding in the
smallest degree. The results of these severe tests induced
the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to communicate
with Lieutenant-General Sir George Murray, U. 1;. and
G.C.H., for the purpose of making experiments with it in
the marshes, by bringing the full force of cannon balls against
it. Accordingly, a number of planks of oak 8 inches thick,
and fir 16 inches square, were joined together with the
cement, to represent 8 feet in height and 8 feet in length of
the side of a first-rate ship of war, without any thing else in
.the shape of bolt or security to assist the composition ; and
it was, on Tuesday, set up as a target at the butt in the
marches. At one o'clock in the afternoon, Lieut.-General
Lord Bloomfield, G.C.B. and G.C.H., Colonel Cleveland,
Colonel R. Jones, Lieut.-Colonel Jackson, Lieut.-Colonel
Chalmers, Major Sandilands, Major Vaughan, Brigade-Major
Cuppage, and a number of officers of the Royal Artillery,
and a large detachment of the Ist battalion, were present
to assist at and witness the experiment. Lord Adolphus
Fitzclarence and a number of civilians were also present,
anxious to know the result ; but, after remaining from one
to three o'clock, it was found impossible to the a single
shot, two brigs having anchored within the range, notwith-
standing repeated warnings not to do so. At the request of
Lord Bloomfield, the firing was deferred till yesterday, the
men being ordered to be in the marshes about nine o'clock
a.m. At that hour, a large detachment of the 9th battalion,
under the Command of Lieutenant-Colonel the Honourable
NV. Arbuthnott and Major Elope, arrived, and shortly after-
wards Lieutenant-Colonel J. F. Love, C.B. and K.H., of
the 73d Regiment, and Brigade-Major Cuppage ; but after
remaining till eleven o'clock, could only obtain three shots,
owing to the length of time occupied by the brigs in getting
out of the range, and the number of vessels passing at high
water. It was originally intended to fire from the five gun
battery ; but three new 32-pounder guns having been placed
at 400 yards distance on point blank range, it was considered
desirable to use them, as they will be wanted immediately for
first class steam-vessels, and consequently the shots did not
take effect. At one o'clock in the afternoon, however,
the levels were taken and three shots fired, every one
entering the target, the third in a direct line with the
bull's eye, within three inches of its outer circle. The
effects of these shots were wonderful, tearing the wood
to pieces, and in only one instance, where the joint had
not been good, showing that they had any effect upon the
cement, so as to separate the joined parts from each other.
A hole six inches and a quarter in diameter was then bored
in the centre of the target, and a 32-pounder shell inserted
and exploded by a match, which tore the wood to small
splinters without, in many places, in the least separating the
composition. This new invention is said to possess the
power of expanding like India rubber in warm climates, and
will not become brittle under the coldest temperature. It
appears to be a great favourite with naval officers, as it is so
clean, having only the appearance of French polish. The
name of the inventor is Mr. Jeffrey.

CHURCH OF SCOTLAND

The bill of Mr. Campbell, M.P., to regulate the exercise
of church patronage in Scotland, after reciting the act of

Qeen Anne, proposes—
That if at the meeting moderating in a call in favour of a
presentee to any church or parish in Scotland, the major part
of the male parishioners or members of the congregation to
which the minister is to be appointed, being of the age of
twenty-one years' complete, who, at the date when the then
existing vacancy in the said church or parish occurred, were
in full communion with the Church of Scotland, shall not
concur in the said call, either by subscribing the same, or by
not expressly dissenting therefrom, (all who do not so dissent
being holden as concurring,) but shall appear before the
Presbytery, and state in its presence their dissent from the
call; and if after the Presbytery shall have endeavoured, in
the manner hereinafter provided, to remove any misappre-
hensions that may appear to them to exist in the minds of
the parties so dissenting, their number shall not, by with-
drawal of their dissents, be reduced to less than a majority
of the whole male communicants as aforesaid, and the Pres-
bytery, or superior church judicatory reviewing its judgment,
do not find that the said dissent proceeds from factious or
malicious motives, or otherwise than from a conscientious
regard to the religious interests of the congregation, all right
competent to the presentee under his presentation shall
thereupon cease and determine; and upon a final deliverance
by the Presbytery or superior church judicatory to that effect
being pronounced, the patron shall have power to issue
another presentation to a different presentee, provided the
same be done within the period of six months allowed by

law to patrons for presenting; it being declared always, that
in computing the said period of six months, the interval
which elapses between the lodging of any presentation with
the Presbytery and the final deliverance pronounced there-
upon by the Presbytery or other church judicatory, shall in
no case be reckoned or included, and failing of the patron
issuing another presentation within the said period so com-
puted, the jus devolutum shall take effect in manner herein-
after provided.
That the individuals composing in each parish or congrega-

tion the body of male communicants hereinbefore mentioned
as entitled to dissent from the call shall be ascertained, and
the mode of stating their dissent before the Presbytery shall
be fixed and regulated in such manner as the Charch may
direct' and it shall in all cases be incumbent on the Presby-
tery, before pronouncing any final deliverance on the said

call; to take such means as to them shall seem most expedient
to ascertain that the dissent of the major part of the male
communicants as aforesaid does not proceed from factious or
malicious motives; and further, if they see cause, to take
such means as they may judge suitable for removing misap-
prehensions from the minds of the people, and obviating their
objections to the presentee ; and it shall in all cases be com-
petent to the patron or presentee, who may allege that the
said dissent proceeds from factious or malicious motives, to
establish the same before the Presbytery or Superior Church
Judicatory by evidence competent according to the law of the
Church, in the judgment of the said Judicatories.
That in no case in which, in virtue of the provisions of
this act, the right of any presentee under a presentation in
his favour shall have ceased as aforesaid, shall it be competent
for the Presbytery of the bounds in any event to claim or
exercise any right tanquam jure devoluto, to present to the
said church or parish for that vacancy, any law or practice
to the contrary notwithstanding ; and if thereafter the patron
shall fail, within the time by law provided and computed as
aforesaid, to issue a presentation which shall prove effectual
to fill the vacancy, the right to present to the said church or
parish for that vacancy shall thereupon devolve upon and be
exercised by her Majesty, and her heirs and successors, as
fully and freely in all respects as the right to present tanquam
jure devoluto, is at present used and exercised by Presbyteries
of the Church ; the presentations or successive presentations
so issued by her Majesty, and her heirs and successors,
being always subject to the provisions of this present act.

The smallest of British quadrupeds is supposed to be the
harvest mouse, hitherto ffiund only in Hampshire, and which
is so diminutive that two of them put into a scale just weigh
down one copper halfpenny.
REGISTER COPIES. - We beg to remind our clerical
readers that certified copies of marriages, or certificates of
marriges, for the quarter ending 31st of March, are required
to be delivered to the Superintendent Registrar of the dis-
trict on or before the last day of the present month. No
entries of a subsequent date are on any account to be made.
Such gentlemen as may want forms for the returns should
apply for them by letter to the Registrar-General.—Church
Intelligencen

THREATENED DISTURBANCES IN THE NORTH
WALES COLLIERIES.

The greatest excitement has prevailed in Hawarden, North
Wales, near the seat of Sir Stephen Glynne, Bart., for the
last few days, in consequence of the turn-out of all the hands
working in the extensive collieries of Messrs. Rigby and
Hancock (a firm paying about £5OO per week in wages), and
the attempts of these men to cause other operatives in col-
lieries to turn out and support them in what appears to be
most unreasonable demands. The question in dispute is
somewhat of a similar nature to that between Messrs. Peto
and Grissell, of London, and their men, which occurred a
short time ago—viz., whether the men should choose a su-
perintendent over them, or that the proprietors of the mines
should retain the undoubted right of appointing their own
agents. It appears that the firm of Messrs. Rigby and
Hancock is at present carried on by trustees, and that a
gentleman of independent property named Staley has been
appointed agent to the collieries. This gentleman, having
received many complaints that the coals were not properly
cleared from small slack, introduced riddles to be used by
the colliers with larger apertures than those previously in
use. This gave offence to the colliers, and they refused to
work ; they came out of the pits, and assembled in conside-
rable numbers in the town of Hawarden, threatening violence
if the agent persevered in introducing the obnoxious riddles.
Finding this to be the case, Mr. Staley repaired to the house
of Mr. Leigh Rigby, and consulted with him as to the best
plan to be adopted under the circumstances, when it was
agreed that they should be allowed to use the old riddles, on
condition that they cleared the coals better. On this propo-
sition being made to the men, the greater portion of them
appeared satisfied, but about 80 or 90 of them surrounded
the door of Mr. Staley's office, and on his attempting to
take his departure they surrounded him, and stated that they
should not go to work again unless he promised to leave the
works, never to return. Mr. Staley, after vainly attempting
to pacify them, tried to pass through the mob to mount his
horse, when he was violently seized and carried towards the
railway formed for conveying coals to the river Dee, at
Queen's-ferry. Here he was thrust into the bottom of a
railway coal waggon, and conveyed, very much bruised,
along the fine of rail towards the river, the ruffians on their
way telling him that he had not long to live, as they intended
to drown him in the Dee. On arriving at the Queen's-ferry
they stated that his life would be spared then, but only on
condition of banishment to England. He was then placed
in the ferry-boat, the colliers threatening vengeance if ever
be dared to return.

Information was given to Mr. Leigh Rigby of the outrage,
and as soon as the mob had dispersed from the ferry he con-
veyed Mr. Staley in his carriage to his house at Hawarden ;
but the colliers having bad a scent of where he was concealed,
he was obliged to get away by stealth the same night, and in
the morning, 300 men surrounded Mr. Rigby's house, de-
manding that Mr. Staley should be sent out of the country.
Mr. Rigby informed them that if they were determined to
select their own masters, they had better go and obtain work
elsewhere than at the collieries of Messrs. Rigby and Han-
cock, as the works should not again go on under such law-
less proceedings, so far as he was concerned. The colliers
subsequently went to the rest of the coal mines, endeavour-
ing to get the rest of the colliers to strike work, and the re-
sult has been that they are now demanding higher wages.
They now average from ISs. to 255. per week a man. Four
of the underground superintendents of the mines have since
been compelled to leave the place from threats of violence,
and Messrs. Rigby, who are away from the scene of disturb-
ance, are determined to support Mr. Staley, and to resist the
demands of the men. The magistrates are on the alert to call
in the military should any further violence be offered. Se-
veral houses have since been broken into, and it is expected
that several of the ringleaders will be taken into custody.
The police force of the neighbourhood are very weak, and
Mr. Staley dare not enter Wales;to identify his persecutors,
from fear of his life.

ALARMING RIOTS AT DUDLEY AND THE
NEIGHBOURHOOD.

BIRMINGHAM, MONDAY NIGHT, HALF-PAST 11.—This
evening rumours reached Birmingham of serious disturbances
said to have occurred during the afternoon among the work-
people of Stourbridge, Dudley, and other parts of the iron
districts.
The circumstances which led to the outrages detailed be-
low are as follows :—About a fortnight ago a number of the
ironmasters in the neighbourhood reduced the wages of their
workmen—some, it is said, to the amount of 4s. in 20s.
Many of the men (chiefly nailers) refused to resume their
employment upon these terms, whilst others, compelled by
circumstances or influenced by a conviction of the justice of
the reduction, continued to work at the price offered. The
turnouts were, however, determined to compel the masters to
pay the old prices, or eject the " knobsticks" from the vari-
ous manufactories and works in which they continued to be

employed.
For this purpose, it -ppears, this morning some thousands
of workmen congregated from Lye Waste, Craidley, and
Netherton, and proceeded to visit the works of several of the
most extensive and influential masters of this populous ma-
nufacturing district. Upon being told that the reductions
made were in consequence of similar reductions being made
by competing manufacturers, the rioters proceeded to seize
the masters and violently force them into their ranks. In
this manner, Mr. Nock, of Craidley-heath, Mr. Joseph
Jones, of Redi►all-hill, Mr. Jones, of Rowley Regis, Mr.
Lewis, of Darby Hand, and other eminent ironmasters and
manufacturers, were laid violent hands upon while on their
own premises, and, being conveyed into the midst of the
mob, which lined the roads in their respective districts, were
marched in apparently triumphant procession to the town of
Dudley. Mr. Lewis, it is said, was treated most scandalously
by his assailants, but the other gentlemen, for a time at least,
escaped without experiencing much injury, except the annoy-
ance and alarm to which their situation must have exposed
them.

On arriving in Dudley the mob escorted their prisoners to
the hotel for the purpose, it is said, of confronting them with
the other masters to whom they had alluded. The streets
were at this time densely crowded with people, and the shops
in a few minutes were generally closed. The ironmasters
were in close conversation in the hotel for some time, and
more than once there appeared to be considerable excitement
amongst, although no actual violence committed by, the
mob.

The first intimation of the affair known in Birmingham
was the sudden departure of a troop of the Enniskillen Dra-
goons,—and it appears that while the masters were under-
stood to be still deliberating at the hotel, the troops from
Birminghrm suddenly made their appearance at a hard gallop
in the streets of Dudley, and the crowd almost as suddenly
retreated up the various by-lanes and streets of the town.
The troops (after the riot act had been read, as I am inform-
ed,) proceeded to clear the thoroughfares, and in consequence
of some individual acts of resistance, or by accident, several
parties have been wounded in a slight or a severer degree by
the Dragoons.

At 8 o'clock to-night the hotel was guarded qy the troops,
and there was considerable excitement in the town. The
chief of the parties who had arrived in Dudley in the earlier
part of the day had, however, retired to the outskirts of the
town, but it was feared that during the night outrages might
be committed upon the premises of the gentlemen who re-
remained in Dudley, and who, after being taken prisoners m
the morning, were still unable to return to their homes, at a
considerable distance.

BIRMINGHAM, TUESDAY EVENING.—The facts I hur-
riedly communicated to you last night prove in the main to
be correct. It appears that the mob, wearied out by the
procrastinated deliberations of the masters within the hotel,
commenced an attack upon the gates leading to the back of
the premises, and it is thought, that had it not been for the
timely interference of Moon, the porter at the hotel, Mr.
Mollineux, the magistrate, would have been seriously, if not
fatally, injured by the mob. Dudley, during last night, re-
mained perfectly quiet, and the police force despatched by
Mr. Commissioner Burgess returned to Birmingham at an
early hour this morning; but it was deemed prudent to keep
the military in the neighbourhood.
The fears I expressed last night have been in some degree
justified by the reports of to-day. The rioters, after retreat-
ing, upon the entrance of the troops from Dudley, proceeded
to the out manufacturing districts, and this afternoon,:it was
stated by persons arriving from the neighbourhood, that the
nailers had congregated at Rowley-Regis, Craidley, and other
adjacent places. There is no doubt but great excitement
exists throughout the entire of the manufacturing districts;
but I think the disposition to riot is greatly exaggerated.
Another troop of Enniskillen Dragoons left Birmingham
for the manufacturing districts this afternoon, and the Kings-
norton troop of Yeomanry were ordered to muster and take
up quarters at Oldbury, but the latter order has been since
countermanded.

vv
There is no doubt but that it is the unsettled state of the
workpeople, coupled with the events that occurred at Dudley
yesterday, which has led to the adoption of these precau-
tionary measures. Absolute outbreak, according to present
appearances, if due precautions are observed, need not, I
think, under present circumstances, be anticipated. The
magistrates of Dudley have been engaged most of to-day in
the examination of prisoners apprehended last night, some
of whom have been committed, and others held, to bail to
keep the peace.
BIRMINGHAM, WEDNESDAY.—The Worcester troop of
Yeoman Cavalry last night received a hasty notice to depart
for the scene of the riots ; as many members of the troop
as could be mustered accordingly left, late last night, for
Kidderminster, there to await further orders ; and the
remainder of the troop, in detached groups, have left the
city during this day. The Witley, Westwood, Stourbridge,
Bromsgrove, Kingsnorton, Evesham, and Tardebigg troops,
have also been ordered under arms and drawn up in the
neighbourhood of the apprehended danger, that they may
be ready to suppress, at a moment's notice, any outbreak
which might arise.

BIRMINGHAM, WEDNESDAY EVENlNG.—Although af-
fairs remain in Dudley and its neighbourhood in a.very fe-
verish state, there has not yet been any recurrence of the
violence manifested on Monday.
Yesterday afternoon there were, however, strong symp-
toms of disquietude, and additional troops were marched into
the disturbed districts. Detachments of the Enniskillen
Dragoons are stationed at Halesowen, Dudley, Oldbury, &c.,
and in addition to the Yeomanry being under orders to be
called out at any. moment, two pieces of ordnance have ar-
rived in Dudley, in the chargeof a company of artillery. These
appearances in the tewn last night, as might be expected,
created no little sensation amongst the turn-out nailors and
miners. The Hon. Robert Clive, M.P., the Colonel of the
Worcestershire Yeomanry, arrived in Birmingham this after-
noon, and immediately proceeded to Dudley.
Several individual acts of violence were committed, and
the perpetrators vet remain undiscovered. Parties deemed
inimical to the interests of the pallor s were, to use a local ex-
pression, " slily dropped upon," and more than one very
severely injnred.

AN OMINOUS OCCURRENCE.—The village of Leyland has
been during the last week thrown into no small consterna-
tion, by the sudden departure of the feathered occupants of
the large rookeries contiguous to Worden and the vicarage.
A simultaneous feeling must have actuated both colonies, as
they took their flight the same night, leaving their nests and
young ones unprovided for ; and, as they have been for years
in their late quarter, their sudden emigration is looked upon
as an omen not to be despised.—Preston Chronicle.
THE ART UNION.—The sixth annual meeting of the mem-
bers of this society, for the purpose of distributing the prizes,
was held last Tuesday, at Drury-lane Theatre, which was
placed at their disposal through the kindness of Mr.
Macready, one of the committee of management. It was
expected that His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge
wf,uld take the chair on this occasion, but he was unfortu-
nately prevented in consequence of an accident he had sus-
tained, and Mr. Bond Cabbell was, therefore, elected to pre-
side in his stead. The yearly report was then read, announc.
ing the amount of subscriptions for this year to be £12,905,
of which £8,900 were allotted for the purchase of pictures,
and £4OO for casts. It was also recommended in the report
that a reduced model of some celebrated pieces of sculpture
should he introduced among the prizes; and secondly, that
the society should extend its patronage to the art of medal
engraving, to which end it was suggested that a series of me-
dals, illustrating the history of British art, should be com-
menced, and one die engraved every year, for which £lOO
should annually be set aside. Two scrutineers:were then
elected, and two young ladies appointed to draw the prizes,
which were divided as follows :-1 of £4OO, 1 cf £3OO, 2 of
£2OO, 3 of £l5O, 6 of £lOO, 6 of £BO, 8 of £7O, 10 of £6O.
14 of £5O, 20 of £4O, 26 of £3O, 33 of £25, 41 of 20, 40 of
£l5 60 of £lO. In addition to these, 20 bronze casts and
10 of plaster were distributed. The ceremony of drawing
being concluded, a vote of thanks was proposed to Mr-
Macready for the readiness and affability which be had shown
n affording the use of his theatre; after which the chair.
man was thanked, and the meeting broke up.