The Statesman.
London, England, 1815-05-29 00:00:00

THE STATESMAN.

i;khe ;;;;,...
ris Papers that there are cities and parts of the comsaaeAustrians a body of which latter occur's, that e.
l'otepe ; hut 11:!.s toiler of things Las given place to tract from the minutes, ha, ,
I
P nett reVOltillo,t ; 411111 lIIP ligntit, of t!: is resolution, tures. try dastiffected to the present over anent, It is 4 where a Prussian regiment is isteni to r I''
V iesmit, Allay 13;1815. • ' •
allied, taguelf, from Marseillei,'which has been.sle- I The Austrians resisted, and the liltuansinal'at,..l :( •,
Di hough they proclaim incts,notty. i• that (5) no-
SAIIIIIIII. lIS ...rt.1:,,,d
Caul; has beet' cliango,l," t mi. t.i%e and feel thorn- c our h ~:BclivtillitG' . • .
l'he Ma, .1,. St. M,_ elated ill a state of siege, and
swhich is ssee:ottho', to attack them with their cannon
-s• ices that oil is chslste,erl almost) thmn. The question - ; ; the ce" „la , ,
SAXONY. places Mit must sinter most from the interruptions , vsas. the submission of the Aust • cad ;he
i, •in louvre the maintenance of the Treaty of Paris, Tilitßil!fig:TNl,ti.F,.Ft
Count SCHULEMBERG. to trade incident to a state of war, that the spirit of the Prussi7.es as conrfierms.
but the making el it afresh. The P 0.% en.: End tIIPM. HANOVER. 1.111'1)!111.11,11:•.
of desertine..had extentle-To, 'the' 'garrison ofl'• SAXONY. NI ay 12.—The King of Pro • i
selves, with res,i) ct. to France, in the condition ill
Crown
MUNSTER. The Cominan.ler 1W ITO.
wit HA It DEN HURGII. , ,sta eas a -
Count :siViuNkzTElN''‘,Kir•ElToin, I Nice,
..,800 of whom had deserted to Antibes, nod point;scl General Zietten to the couanand fI i iii„•,:el4l-
- they nets 4)11 the 31st of March, 1814. it. is
NerriceLasus.
not t, t 'roma car, fen Fiance has in fact re-
Baron:4l'A EN, Karon LIN HCN. . . that Marshal Bitutse had deemed it iteFeasary to en- emett.toes eel oland. - • • • • • •
limiter it, it i, to termitante it that there now offers fluter GAGERIII.
tlearpur, to awaken the feelings of patriotism and ' The Dot of Sweden has (lc-Tilled tha; !'.f. f„,,
Itself i 7, Europe i state of things esseetially dt/fereel . • .•
• lettei-of the* people of Provenre, by ad- of the ci dcrant Kin& Gustavus shall be anpaii.,o:: _._
iht.titserSvutitimttnl ttht.aettthlr;en'lonp de Mai %ill t 41.2
from that On 41h1111 the prase of 1811 was founded,' DUTCH PAPERS. ••
a
dressing energetic' Proclamntions to t.hems.-7-- in cousequeece of his late declaration ...httive C.
,1;4
..-
The question, then, has ceased to be a yeestion (41 .
•-•-•-tens--__
de.tha 'The Symptoms of rising, discontent, and division of lietessouf
tight ; it is no more than a question of political cal-
w BIM. SYZVA, MAY 9.2.—T he
anddysertion among
niori stated to betanauifested in other places, and • It i
' i;ulati 111 l and *feresieht. li, which the Powers have
French troops continues ; . Bonaparte has a
only to consult the real interest; of their people, and •r•
Glared Lille and Dunkirk in a state of rebellion, en the descent on the coast of IA Irendee by M. DE place on the sth of June.
the common interest of Kul nos.
account of their attachment to the King. He has Roc EJA UE
. 4 Q Lim with his Emigrants and the fire- .
' The Committee thinks it &lira dispense with enter- . .
imposed upon Lille a forced loan of three millions arms furnished froth this country, are noticed in the
the "considerationsA Coruntia Mail arrived this fore
ing heist into en eseositio'n of
of francs, and upon • Dunkirk one million and a r - • forenoon—{ it. is
previous arrivals; and we can well conceive the hive-
r view, have directed the mess-
half.
gance at present. '-, he Mail I • letters 'i"
not from Corunna that e P expect important host tithich, ender this last
luntary shudder • of horror which the intelligence of
• sores of the Cuverimients. It will be sufficient to Numerousfugitives from Dunkirk, Calais Havre
colons and Madrid, but of a late date. Tl.ss Fu..„l,
nra.sgs from I{,r.
• . ' 9 these attempts to stir oi a civil war in the heart of a
rasa) to nOWe, that the man, who,. in now offering
and other 'decet, who have arrived here, give the a
provinces on the Spanish side of niter ..
to sanction the Treaty of Paris, pretends to substi-
most melancholy accounts of the present state of peacefully disposed country most excite anrong the
lute his guarantee for that of a Sovereign, whose
France. Bonaparte employs - friends of humanity, whatever may 118 their political to R., are st:.;•,l
le)alty was without stain, and benevolence without be hare of troops, but there seems no alna
sures to extort money ft urn the people, especially iu
roommate. is the same who during 15 years ravaged
the northern departments,which ic' • 1 hel opinions. We can elsoevell conceive in whose hands an irruption from the Spanish ' . ''.l.
of
arm). a. r,
,pt,,, ~i
snit laid waste the earth, to find means of satisfying
th. ti_.l_.,„ are htineu s v
'• these fire-arms, to the number, we are told, of K• ',
their attachment
.o t te.4i.t i.,.. legs, whom the Spaniards have trot, loves torte
his ambition, who sacrificed millions of victims, and 3 000 and 1 , , all the instruments and food of war
All provisions are seized WlthOltt mercy, and tiletore his owti unresisting subjects best. By ' -
this col,
the happiness of an entire generation, to a system of
soldiers arequartered u ton the citizens, 1 litre t ant at which our Government are thus said to have thrown rot since we have some articles from Germane, it
catuquests,
whom truces, little worthy of the name
discretion.
of peace, have-only rendered more oppressive and
, At Marseilks fresh disturbances have broken 1 '
Governmentleave lost no time iri taking effective MOH. .•
more odious (7); who, after having by mad ente" The 'lheatres are shut, • • • and dare not be opened seam. VI UNNA, MAY 1 1 .—The weil•knowet Lahisnat.
prizes tired fortone, armed all Europe "against him,i n mares to suppress this rebellion in the bud. Ntinterous diere. a disciple
The spirit of thepeople in the South • • • of Fouche's school, who left 111 1, pi.
lind exhausted all the means of France, was forced
on the least co-operation and support from the Allies,terdav to return to France, has acted a pretty mei.
to abandon his projects, and abdicated power to save (Nets for this purpose. 'Phis •is is one way of 611 »I 'II. , 1
rising • t Bonaparte will immediately'
a general against
NAPOLEON
with . liya ( e r a 1)1 e part at the Congress, as French Councillor
some relics of existence ; who at the moment when
take place. .
the nations of Europe were giving themselves up
Boss LE D MAY 21.—Yesterd 1500 I'of Ilr•
ussiere, in the of St.
.. Sevre, had . •
to the hope of a durable tranquillity, meditated
armed Saxons arrived Doc,
here es anted In); ',bout 11230. It is suspected that nearly all the Serreratiet in
been-momenta-taffeta:lr 'possession of by the
*uew catastrophe', and by a double perfidy towards
Prussian trro s boih horse and foot. T I. they Boyd- Talleyraml's bureau were cot,
statitly. connected chit
the Powers who had too generously spared him, • . P*l''',''Y.. ists ; but it is announced iti a subsequent
have proceeded to Graeae, and thence to I% esel . it paragraph Bonaparfe., as most of them are gone to France.
and towards a Government which he could not at- . . . in the Journal de.Puris, that Gen l' av • had
said they are to go to Russet. . . a orpe- It is confidetely affirmed that Bonaparte has triode
tack without the blackest treason, usurped a throne is - s
MAY ‘ll.—Thwhole French i 'aerated (the country is
1511 u sr.r.s, i e arriv• 1 , . woodyaccess) fresh proposals to our Court respecting his wife ad
hich he hall *renounc, and which *he never or:-
seems to be already cantonet about the Sambre sod by way of Nantes • into military Vendk; end his son, tending, as it seems, to make' the F
•scl'u "ed t f the misery of France and the world.
pi excep or , the M..ese, and it is to this important point that the( 46 gained a - victory Ayres
This man has no. other :guarantee to propose to
Duke of Wellington and Prince Blocher have es eel,' complete over the rebels." We Regent of France, in her son's name, in which
ens.
torope than his word. After thecrtiel experience tenfesa that these' insurrectional movements, and the he (Bonaparte) would renounce the Govert '
ally turned their attention. The cavalry of the AI- itnellt,Jlil
of 15 years, who would have the courage to accept
lied armies is excellent,andthe
this guarantee ? and if the French nation has reallylse speedily wanted its the North. cannot be regarded as This proposal •
merous. It is asserted that the latter am ats tot- t.: rf'tf 'a •
_aird kv, a proof 0. the -more'
embraced his cause, who could any longer respect . .
of . P,„II i
tOO pieces cannot', all in perfect order. i hefeer •a)mptoms of increasing strength on the part of the weakness ;no notice was taken of it, and since Me
the security which it could offer ? of the French Government for an Invasion becomes existing
Peace with a Governnient placed In such hands, and
d
daily
more evi ent. Government; ou soon may thesedisorders there seems to be a more intimate Connection with t
be quelled, and vengeance be wreaked on the heads cause of the Boe .
composed of such elements. vented only be a eeneteal Orders rbons.
vrders have been given to remove to the interior
*tate of uncertainty, anxiety, and danger. No power
every thing that is not necessary '
for the defence of . ref the impatient men *lto have exacted them,—before Vicsrea, m . •
1Y IG.—llls Mejesty the King 0
being able effectually to disarm, the people would en- the ),lace, and il • • has been 1• h 4lyeir efforts can be seconded by any rawer ca table of '
P
ley none of the advantages of a true peace; they would
extraordinary precipitation. . instecting them. arrived at Altona on the 2U, on his return frost
becererwhelmed with expellees ofall kinds; confidence Paris is still
Bettie./ Slat 16. The new Constitution of the 13 ;11* in peace and securit • It is
not being able to establish itself any where, industry Prussian
1, 1 1
.1
laid• terns a • Y' Vteetta to Copenhagen )
.lonsrt. ty las been before the King for stated to be now in a perfect state of defeuce. The
and cernmeree would every where languish; nothing
his approbation. lie has, however, desired that. Emperor , E still remains there. ..
would be stable in political relations; a sullen discon-
some alterationshall made • it.
he in
lent would spread over all countries ; and from day a, 1 The cease of the postponement of Bus Champ;de
Aernea, MAY 22. Between eight .and nine .
'to 'day, Europe in alarm would.expect a new explo-'lfai, is said to be simply, that 4111 the-Elea ors could
o'clock this eyeliner, we had the happiness of seeing•
Sion. The Sovereigns hose certainly not mistroder: - , • tint
attend . , _
_. . ,
our much-loved Monarch arrive here, In the beg - the day Itsod, neathr could the regis-
stood the interest of their people, in judging that an health,
his return from Vienna toC 1 ' .•
' •
ters•of the votes be had.up liy .that time.. The As-
F 1 n is
_l .si oen tgett.B
open war, with all its inconveniences and all its sa-
itoaslTvl.l%MbAlNE,
B.ilsY I • r•
Austrian,
a- sembly is, Okeefore, put elf tilt the 511, of June.
Orifices, is preferable to such a state of things, and the variant, otherie
1 m 4, . .o, and troops are
~ 6,irieus quartets are said .to base-take,, plact• be-
measures which they have adopted have met the gene-
now opnel the Upper Rhine, ready to commence
ill 1 pprobatinn. their operations. Two Pi litres are put under pro- tivven the A..u?kiiajatul Proa.s.i.en.troeps.,...aml..ll4:a IT.
The opinion of Europe on this great occasion is
visional arrest, on accoont of suspicious corre is stated' to be besiogeti at Aficotte.., Far' Min there
errOliouticed in a manner very positive and very so. r .
.-
!pendency. ... sjapelitUghosse untir hostilities cointinucelelitatitislie
terno; never could the real sentiments of marines bare i -
_, wren Reinhard, who was detained for- 40tno time quarter. Austria, ,-a • - 1 A •
seen more accurately known and more faithlailly in- ~
at Prankfort, together With Cooly Wourradt is
, . hands too Gill Of viiir lie be isble.-to: lci! •) ve Royal
rd I' '
feel re ed than at a mnmenst NA hett the represeutatives
tone to Louis NIVIII. M. de IVolffralt has •
of 'el Pie Powers were assembled to consolidate the ~v ~ , ~ 1 • .•. •
at r oenOutile, am is gone to upt ilwiwick, arrived , Bird of Naples Ireig.i,uhis cage.• , She'also, acCqed.
peace of the world. FRONTIEttC OF DENMARK, May 14.—We under- big to these raisers, kas eonsitterdbre iipPrelleiviions
stand that the aiumhauxilinty corps will be the same from certain ittrlications oil the part ofher Turkish
strength as the gwedish, name'), 1'2.000 men, under, neighbours—shais therefore-assembling ati immense
the command of his Royal Highness Prince Freda- ; army of observation on the borders of Turkey. ''' -
rick of Hesse, who distioguiilied him-telf so touch i • •
•1 he following,
it, the last war. The Daises, as well as the Swedes, t
will join the army of the Duke of Wellington. The ito -day : • l
pay of the Swedish soldiers, which was only 31d. coURi ER EXTRAORDINARY, Friday Morning.
is tithed to 51. per day. 'flie head:•quarters of the Artily of 'the Rhine are
Wmuuno, MA I( 3.—We hear that the Archduke removed from Strasburgh to Niederbraim.
Charles will marry our Princess Henrietta of Nas- All the troops which were at Orleans have marched
-ao Wielburg, which was the object of his late
- •ilt to Bretagne. . .
visit here. The Emperor Francis, it is added,
give the bride 150,000 florins for pin-money.. The . The Mayor of Orleans has been suspended.
Archduke Charles is, perhaps, the richest Prince in A train of artillery marched this day for La
Germany, being the universal heir of the wealthy Vendee. •
Duke Albert of Troche'', his uncle. .
. The King of Naples is besieged at Ancona.
-- General Lamarque is gone Westward, With a Corps

re aflized to it their signa.
SARDINII•.
'rite 51 arg. ii. S r. MAPS &N,
C uut ROSLNI. •

41%4 .•y

TTITTID QUESTION.
Is it necessary ta publish a new Declaration
The observations which the Committee hive just
Vretegted furnish thz answer tog the lest question
whichremains to he exami,ged. It (-glorifiers,
1. That the D:Thratigsfi of the 13th of March was
&elated to the Pro %% PIS by reasons of such evident
justice and such decisive weight, that none of the so-
pliktties by which it is pretended to be 'arcked can at
all mtfeet it
2. That these reasons; remain in all their force, and
that the changes which have in fret occurred since the
Declaration of the 13th of Malch, have produced
alteration in the position of Bonaparte and of France
with regard In the Attie..
3. That the offer to ratify the Treaty of Paris
oanrot, on any account) alter the disposition of the
Allies.
'therefore, the Committee is of opinion. that it
would be useless to publish a fresh Declaration.

SOM FAS ETSIIIR.E SWIE iC in LONDON.

d' Arose.

FIFTH ANNIVERSARY MEETING of
th- GENTLEMEN CONNFA;Tvo with the COUNTY
SONI ERSE r, will be on FRIDAY, the 9th day ofJune„
at the Loudon Coffee-house, Lude,ate-toll,
JOili TYNDALE WARRE, Esq. in the Chair.
StEWARD.4.
Chnr. lietne)s Kemeys Tyne, John Jetikvm, Esq.
Thtintaq Oallimore, Esq.
Woo. G tr.• L•tnkton, jun. Eq. Robert Mears,
Wm. ilohnihe, F. q. Thomas ',earl. EN.
J.otoo. lud..ile Hatninet, Esq. Peter Jeffery, Egq.
G.•mge, Em. Thomas Jeremy, C.q.
Hubert Pttien,
thither •tt Five o'Clork for Six, precisely.
Tickets. On• Come-, each, may be had of the Seeretar3,
No. 7, King's Bench Walks, Temple.
P. II V RD, Seeretary.

Austria is forming an immense Army of Observa-
tion on the borders of Turkey.

,

Th.e Plenipotentiaries of the Powers who signed
the Treaty of Psrk, and who, as such, are respon-
sible for ita execution with regard to the acceding,
rowers, hawing taken into consideration, and s3nc-
tiotsetl by their apvrohation the preceding report-,
have resolved, tiot there shall be made to the Pleni-
potentiaries of the o:.her Royal Courts a communica-
tion of the minutes of this day. They hare further
ordered :hot as e►tract o: the said minutes shall be
made
Here follow the s;;;natures in the alphabetical or•
Jer of the Courts

BaussEt.r.s, May 19.—The emit of the Saxons
at Liege causes the utmost uneasiness here.—We fear
that it may Is 3 imitated by the Dutch troops, who
cannot but dislike to be the instroment4 of forcing a
great nation to submit to a family they dislike.•
MansEict.es, Ma* hear, that last-night
800 men of the garrison of Nice have deserted to
Antibes. Marshal None has addressed to the
people of 'Provence It most energetic Proclamatisin,
sibich-cannot bet-be•attended with tire best effects:
PARIS, Al AY 25.--the Emperor rnouttteil on
horseback at six this morning.• -He inspected the
works at Montmartre, Bedside, and Cheronne,
and went on to Vincennes, where be :inspected the
artillery workmen. lie returned to the. Palace
D'Elysee at two.
Paris is in a perfect state of defence. Many per.
sons have expressed astonishment at the postpone-
ment of the Champ dc Mai. The cause is simple—
it being impossible for alt the Electors•to assemble at
Paris on the 16th. That is the, only cause of its

Airsrn t I.
Pi ince M CTTCRNICH,
W EN; Eit
SrAiN (ESP.I.6NC:.
P. GO At EC LARRADOR.
FRAncy.
Prince TALLEY K 4 ND,
Doke of DA 1..1.1ERG.
Couni A. DE !VOA ILLES.
Gag V/ BRIM IN.
CLAN CA RTY, .
CATHCART,
S TEWART.
The undersigned Plod'
whole of the principles Ci

Po RTOG 1 L.
The
.Colint PAL.%IELLA,
S‘LOANHA,
LOBO.

Pnossta.
Prince HARDEN BERG,
Baron HUM ,!OLUIT.
RusslA.
Count ItASOUMOUSKY,
Count S 1".4 K 1.:LB EKG;
Ciatot I'NIES*i ELROD F.

Arr. !Vigils
2 .. llambnrgh
2
2
0
1
1
1
0 .... ...... ... Malta

SwEnve.

Court LOi:Wk.;tilEot.

totentiariea, appro►ing the
latained in the present ez-

11,te,

CUAULES ICS RISTORATION.-.-ilaiday at 4' Paddle (lulus.

----- ,_
164 Mi., idea recur- perpeisally in the iteloot of the k 11/, licit
0 q:lte of Ciotaporte, published in the Manitsur, April 13,
1013.
(7) The Cwwmittrie here think it right to add the itovriant '
Att•ervittinvt, that the g eater 1•:;, t ..f the invasiiinv, and f••-red The Paris Papers of Friady last reached us this
ossi.ms, of whirls B tnaptirte f 'rine I successively what tie called forenoon.
The Journals of the two pr?vious da)s,
E
the Griat Vire, took place ?to ing. those pet f.lious iciervala '"
0 yew e, inure J.-trot-nye to Eorope than even Ow war- with and Mails from Holland and Flanders arrived yester-
which it w e tirinvoted. It %vn. liiii% I11•.1 he took p0,,-s,irto ..f
day. Of the latter we have given the substance else-
l'i-flmonr. Parma. tenon, Lucca, ~f the States of a .of
ft l' atol, of the coo 'trim composiog the y2l Milimrs Divisot„ where—we proceed to notice the arrivals of to-day.
It w.,s Cris at ot period of pence (at least whit all the Coml.
nem I. that he struck t!le first Mow avinst Poe turd and Spain, The first thing that we shall notice will doubtless
:o.d h.• thou& t.i have finished the routine. I of those countries
be that which our Ministerial brethren of the quill
S. 4 .ifilti,g I tsnocity, w hen the irii.thit-ni ;out raerg• of
,;o• people of tie Peninsula crew him into a sally:Dili:try war, will take no small pleasure in pointing out—the in-
. cononewcenveot of his ow 3 ilow old), ai.of the miliatii:ii of • •
1 suireetions in France. It is not disguised in the Pa-
Liiiye.

Hostilities appear to he on the eve of comesenciagll
on land and water. Tyr,, Itrussels Papers tell as that,
there was an affair of eui•pOsts I it the 17th at Nl!,u.
serou, In Whirli: settie .11-no%erian hussars were
wounded; and so iluci4eieu% are li' ettems represent.
r.d that at t lies f, on; their out.norks
up n per ens a al; leg on tle other -itle of the Rhine.
' %VP tint miss: fur captures hue begun to be msde
• ou'll!n ocean. Advice* are stated :o have beet re•
ceived yesterday, thus thy' French /he
pontene, of 20 guns, was ctie,u;ed bs n.e Riroii, of
84 gneiss The. French ship was going into the Buy
of Naples.
Some other detentions of minor importance have
also been made, the legality of which we leave others
to settle.
It will he observed from the leng.winded State Pa-
pers from. Vienna, which we give, that the question a
war bas never admitted of a doubt in the minds of the
partitioning Congress, ever since BONAPARTE set than
a stamping and staring by his unexpected leap iteo the
French territory. This Paper is the Report o' .P
Commissioners, appointed by the Allied S
reigns, to consider three important points, oil
which,invol vitsg.ail the rest,appears to have been pr
ously decided upon without any consideration at •
namely, in the first place, the necessity of derlan
and carrying on war against NAPOLEON nos
PARTE mid his adherents ; and secondly and Card.
ir, When consideration became a little more nere •
sary, whether it might not be wise to slick to t!•e
Treaty Of: Paris, which 'France said slip wou:d
not Weal:, and—burn or rescind the Dmlaration
which proscribed a whole nation. "The ham knit
glorious order of things established at Vienna" twin!,
however, if not at the present, at some future petied
likely to slstain some changes by the iellovating
restless genius of Fran:4., if a branch of the Oot.c.
sox family were net plowed at the head of the-6.;•
vernment of that country, it was resolved u nimous•
ly that something must be done to get that evil spirt
*quieted for ever—therefore all the WI& 'law; ".1
Pinata intere,ted in this great question are inustertl
to give effect to the denunciation, and all the roewiti"l-
- Nlittlstrt's,,having found reasons.sulliriese iy satilc:,:-
toty to themselves at least, and p• °Tourist! to It•e,
Sovereigns, say a dong.and lei d Amen to the 1101
Declaration.

postponement.
The remainder of the Monitcur is 611 ed with an-
nouncements of patriotic gifts, and the names of the
elected Members of the Confederation.
FRENCH FUNDS-5 per cents. 33 f. 25 cents. Bank
Bonds 61[50f.
. By a Telegraphic Dispatch, from Lyons, of the
24th May, we learn that Prince Jornme, Aladarne,
and Cp.rdinal Pesch, arrived at Juan on the 'I2J.
A letter from Treves of •thel2lll, states that there
has bora a difference between the Prussians and the

H Tesfenlav•monting; ahont II o'clock,. Mitriktel
.received riisplohes from .Vienna—,. after %%11j€1'• '"
Earl of LiVI;I:rOtIL AV:titPli llprni ti.i. 1-11TNer ItE.;11-4 7
at Catlton-house, anti had a long
.audience 01:1.0
It' cal Ilighoess.
On Siturtlay abort -/'",O Peti'ainiters frond fit fo'
Fnrvice w.r, marrirod from'Cmpl.wa Ollrrick4 to ti':
yo'vver, in nrewr to be egnivtirwl for immediate !WI, i", •
On their letting-off from Ch.,:lea they pre 1.r..:
cheers, and alTeareil in cell high ciliiitc.
A letter rer,ireit fr:i'n Al ,iil 4. (1..0 li I he' C"..
UP. stairs, 01 I WI the 1.2.1 of,,liar, h the "4-
I.)rr was poico:n..l by his Negri, co,.k ; ;r"" "!..
crept, the Olief . Mi•itSter wag inoc:airn •t! is • '
pl:i,-o; hot, on Or* l'tii t.f 'April he was ..r°ll;'.
n" rlin ,14Pr °Nun we- vruclairied. II)t,!7. S ''''''
rerolritioirt 'there it:l,,.itc.i.rt;elt anycomn.f '' I:mi ''
Bide of the Palace %laitb--but few tit's »fit tot. 1