The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-01-21 00:00:00

KUliAiNt

TH

the tirsletone of the

(From the London Paper
On Monday the cerenionialof laying
truly -natior al edifice, which must bear
Royal Exchange, took place, as had been prey

,;ed. I
and anii

had been appointed by the beloved -c

al amongst the denizens of
sroups of holiday folks assembled
in various parts of the line of route which it had been an-
nounced the cortege would take. Our readers are already
aware that the Latin and English inscriptions of the plate
deposited with the coins in the foundation-stone are from
the pen of the Bishop of London. At the hoar it had been
announced at which his royal highness would arrive, all the
avenues in the vicinity became densely crowded with spec-
tators on the tiptoe of excitement. The Guildhall was kept
closed against the public generally ; but a few select indivi-
duals were admitted. On entering we found a large body of
the city watermen in waiting with their banners, &c., to
forma portion of the procession. Precisely at half-past 12
o'clock, his Grace the Duke of Wellington arrived, and en-
tered the hall unattended, and before any of_the civic func-

cious Sovereign for his at
"great London tt

tionaries were in their places to receive him. His grace wore
Fhe only

e of Co

able of the Tower

cted with the corporate body was the venerable city
berlain, Sir James Shaw, Bart. His grace

corridors, reinaine

in waiting in

the chamberlain's office. The council chamber was soon
filled by the visiters who had obtained the advantage of the
entree. Of these the number of the fair sex greatly predo-
minated. A chair of state on 'the right band of the lord
mayor was prepared for his Royal Highness Prince Albert.
Exactly at one o'clock, the lord mayor, attended by the
sword-bearer, the mace-bearer, and usual state officers, and
with the Duke of Wellington on his left hand, entered the
council chamber, amidst general plaudits, the company stand-
ing. The following ministers then arrived in the order in
which we have named them :—Sir H. Hardinge, Sir E.
Knatchbull, Sir R. Feel. (who was hailed with tumultuous
applause,) the Earl of Ripon, the Earl of Aberdeen, the
Earl of Haddington, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Lord
Fitzgerald, Lord Stanley, and Sir James Graham. The
whole of these distinguished personages wore the usual court
dress of the privy councillors, with the exception of Sir R.
Peel, who was attired in the plain Windsor uniform, aad Sir
Hardinge, who appeared en grand tenue as a lieutenant-
general. Pending the time which elapsed before the arrival
rince, the Duke of Wellington kept up an animated
ion with the lord mayor, Mr. Lambert Jones, and
Mr. Tite. The curiosity, of the spectators was
e utmost stretch, when Mr. Brown, city marshal, an-
aced the prince. His royal highness, who appeared in a
ple frock. coat, was most enthusiastically greeted, and

architect

uch pleased with his ties
'mired by the lord mayor
it oft-repeated plaudits.

on the dais, and tonic his
The plans. &c. were then

submitted to his royal highness by the architect and con-
tractor, and then, after a brief retirement, and precisely at
a quarter past two o'clock, the royal and civic party set out
from the Guildhall in procession.
Exactly at twelve o'clock the doors of the avenue leading
to the magnificent pavilion in which the first stone of this
great national edifice was to be laid were thrown open, and
immediately afterwards, those who had been fortunate enough
to obtain tickets of admission began to arrive in quck sue-
cession.

The pavilion has been erected at a cost of about £2,000,
and the seats, which were all covered with scarlet cloth,
tastefully festooned and decorated, were built for the accom-
modation of 1,450 persons. The floor of the pavilion was
also covered with scarlet cloth, and the entire presented a
most splendid appearance.
The stone, which is of granite, and several tons weight,
was divided into two compartments, the one portion being
fixed in its proper position, and the other suspended over it
at a height of about two feet by strong ropes and gullies, and
further supported by four upright pieces of timber. At the
end nearest the entrance the zinc plates were deposited,
wheron was a Latin inscription, of which the following is a
translation :

SIR THOMAS GRESHAM, KNIGHT,

is own charge a Building and Colonnade, for the
convenience of those persons who in this renowned mart
might carry on the commerce of the world, adding thereto,
for the relief of indigence, and for the advancement of litera-
ture and science, an Almshouse and a College of Lecturers,
the City of London aiding him, Queen Elizabeth favouring
the design, and when the work was complete, opening it in
person with a solemn procession : having been reduced to
ashes, together with almost the entire city, by a calamitous
and widely-spreading conflagration,. they were rebuilt in a
more splendid form by the. City of London and the Ancient
Company of Mercers, King Charles the Second commencing
the Building on the 2sd October, A.D.; 1667 ; and when
they bad been again destroyed by fire on the 10th January,
A.D. 1838, the same bodies undertsiaug the work, deter-
mined to restore them at their own cost, on ag enlarged and
more ornamental plan, the munificence of Parliament.provi-
ding the means of extending the site and of widening the
approaches and crooked streets in every direction, in order
that there might at length arise, under the auspices of Queen
Victoria, built a third time from the ground, an Exchange

'cted ai 1

worthy of this great nation and city, and suited to thr vast-
ness of a aorpmerce extended to the circumference of the
habitable globe, His Royal Highness Prince Albert of Saxe
Coburg and Gotha, c„ogsort of her sacred Majesty, laid the
first stone on the 17th Janwry, 1842, in the Mayoralty of
the Right Hon. John Pink, Architect, William Tite, F.R.S.
May God preserve and ward off destruction fr9p? this build-
ing and from the whole city !

Shortly after one o'clock the company began to arri
rapid succession, and before two the capacious and elegant
pavilion was densely crowded in every part, except those seats
which were 'reserved for the aldermen and distinguished
visiters.

Tim Aldermen, in their scarlet robes, accompanied by the
Recorder, Sheriffs, City Pleaders, add other civic functiona-
aries, took the places Allotted to them. Immediately after-
wards the fine military band struck up the national anthem,
during which his Royal Highness Prince Albert, attended
by the Lord Mayor, entered the pavilion, and tpok is place
near the stone.

On his Royal Highness entering all the company imme-
diately rose and enthusiastically cheered the illustrious con-
sort of qui- beloved queen. His royal highness was dressed
in a dark frock coat and black trousers. He appeared much
affected at the enthusiastic manner in which he was received:

At the conclusion of the nationarauthem his Royal High-
ness and the Lord Mayor took their seats in splendid chairs
near the stone. At this moment the scene was one of the
most interesting description.

Mr. Jones, cliairman of the joint committee, then banded
his royal highness a glass bottle, and Sir J. Shaw, the City

lain,deliveredto tt

0 of all the coins in

gold, silver and copper of the present and last reign, which
his royal highness minutely inspected, and then deposited
them in the bottle, and imme.diately afterwards placed them
in the cavity of the stone intended for their reception.
The glass brick bearing the written inseripg.on in Latin and
English was then presented to Mr. Barnes. The rink plate
and the rough brick having also been inspected by his royal
highness, Mr. Tite, the architect, read the inscriptions, at
the concusion of which the audience gave three cheers.

The formula of depositing the glass bottle containing the
coins, kc., having been performed,
Mr. Jones, chairman of the joint committee, presented to
Prince Albert the splendid silver trowel.
His Royal Highness having received the trowel, proceeded
to spread the mortar in a workmanlike manner, and which
elicited the loud and long-continued cheers of the company.
The other parts of the ceremony having been concluded,
the city mace, sword, ap4 ether emblems of civic dignity
were placed upon the stone, whep Xlie Lord Mayor's Chap-
lain, in an impressive tone, read a prayer, which, we under-
stand, was composed for the occasion by th,o Mishop of Lon-
don.

At the conclusion of the prayer the National Anthem was
admirably sung by members of the Sacred Harmonic Society
and the boys of Broad-street Ward Charity School.
The Aldermen and several distinguished visitors and their
ladies were presented to his Royal Highness, and this inter-
esting ceremony terminated.

THE BANQUET AT THE MANSION HOUSE

The most splendid preparations mere made at the Mansion
House for the reception of His Royal Highness. In the
Egyptian Hall the whole of the Lord Mayor's plate and that
of the Goldsmiths' Company was exhibited upon sideboards,
placed at the top and bottom of the hall. At the east end
was erected a gallery, which was decorated with crimson dra-
pery, and in which the band of the life guards was stationed.
The appearance of the room was magnicent in the extreme.
At five o'clock the dinner was announce:l in the drawing-
room.

The Banquet was of the most sumptuous description.
After the cloth was removed the Lord Mayor rose and pro-
posed the healths of the Queen and Queen Dowager, both of
which were drunk with the utmost enthusiasm. His lord-
ship then gave " Health and every happiness to His Royal
Highness Prince Albert."
His Royal Highness Prince Albert, who was greeted with
loud and rapturous cheering, then rose and said,—" I return
my most sincere thanks for this toast, and beg to express to
you my lively satisfaction at the kind and flattering manner
in which you have received me. (Cheers.) It must ever be
a gratifying recollection to me to have, by a trifling act of
mine, connected my name with the erection of that import-
ant building, of which we have laid the first stone to-day—
an edifice of which it may truly be said that it will become
the heart of the commerce of this great country—(loud
cheers)—a country to which I feel myself attached by the
dearest ties—a country in which I daily feel myself more at
home—a country whose kindness I daily more appreciate.
(Loud cheers.) Again thanking you for the honour you have
done me, I beg now to propose " the health of the Lord
Mayor, whose guest I am this day, and the Corporation of

the City of Loridon." (Loud and protracted cheering.)
The following toasts were then drank with the utmost en-
thusiasm :—" The health of His Royal Highness the Prince
of Wales, and with him the rest of the Royal Family."
`! The health of the Lord Bishop of London and the esta-
blished church.'.! c' The Army and Navy."- • - •
The Lord Mayor : My lords and gentlemen, the happiness
and prosperity of our beloved country, and especially of her
merchants, depends upon the direction of her affairs being
in the hands of a talented and powerful administration ; this
benefit I trust we shall fora long time be permitted to enjoy.
With such a government as the present, under the direction
of a statesman so able and experienced as the right hon. bart.,
we cannot doubt that, with all other important subjects, the
prosperity of this ancient city, and of our commerce, will re-
ceive the utmost encouragement and protection. I beg,
therefore, to propose "Long life, health, and happiness to
the Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, and the rest of her Ma-
jesty's Ministers."
The toast was followed by loud cheers and universal ac-
clamation.
Sir R. Peel, in acknowledging the toast, said, that in his
own behalf and the other ministers of the crown, he returned
their most cordial thanks for the manner in which their
health had been received. It was most grateful to them to
have the opportunity of beholding the important ceremony
of that day. It was impossible not to feel that the spot on
which they bad stood was to be, as it had been in former
a•

times, a centre of attraction to the commerce of all nations,
and where they would forget all national antipathies and
jealousies. His royal highness had that day laid the founda-
tion of a building not merely dedicated to commerce, but to
peace (cheers) ; and it was the wish of her Majesty's govern-
merit that the future progress of that building should cor-
respond with the favourable auspicies under which its foun-
dation was laid. (Cheers.) On the part of his colleagues
he again returned their respectful and cordial thanks for the
honour they had done them, and begged to drink all their
good healths. (Loud and continued cheers.)
The Lord Mayor proposed the next toast, " Prosperity to
the New Royal exchange and the Trade of the City of Lon-
don," and in connection with this toast the " Health of the
noble earl the President of the Board of Trade." (Cheers,)
The Earl of Ripon returned thanks.
The Lord Mayor proposed the health of " Field Marshal
his grace The Duke of Wellington." (Loud cheers.)
The Duke of Wellington then rose and said, he begged
leave to return them his sincere thanks for the honour they
had done lira in drinking his health, and for the manner in
which the company bad thought proper to receive it. This

- .
was not the proper time to advert to the circumstances of a
former period of his life to which his lordship (the Lord
Mayor) had alluded. He met them here that day to celebrate
and promote the arts of peace—(loud cheers)—and he
trusted that in his time he should never again know the
celebration of the arts of war. (Loud cheers.) His lord.
ship had bean pleased to include in toast he had given, " The
House of Lords." On the part of his colleagues who were
members of that house he begged to return their best thanks.
Toe House of Lords was the conservative branch of the con.
stitution. (Cheers.) He was much gratified on receiving
the invitation to attend in the city on this occasion, and

not only a nionuix
taste or his royal 1

ich his rayai hie

to lay the first stone, would pros
at nation, and th

t of the gr

so a lasting convenience to

ie commerce'of th.' country and the world:: (Loud cheers.)
Sir Hobert Peel Koposed " The health of the Lady

The Lord IN7ayor returned thanks.
The Lord Mayor : y Jords and gentlemen, I have nest
the honour to propose to you the health of the representatives
of the people in the Commons House of Parliament, and I
feel great pleasure in connecting with them the name of the
noble lord the Secretary for the Colonies—" The Right Hon.
Lord Stanley and the House of Commons." (Hear, hear.")
Lord Stanley said that it was with surprise to himself, and
he was sure to others, that in the presence of the premier and
other distinguished members of her majesty's government, he
heard himself called upon to return thanks on behalf of the
House of Commons
.; but at the same time be must say that
the surprise was mingled with gratification at finding himself
selected as the organ of a body consisting of the most power-
ful and influential representatives of the commerce of the
united empire. (Cheers.) He did not know how he could
return thanks in the name of a body consisting of such dis-
cordant materials. Perhaps, indeed, this very circumstance
of the conflict of opinions formed one of the great materials
for the security of the interests of the community. Every
public man was compelled not only to give his judgment upon
questions of great political importance, but to give his rea-
sons for the course he followed. (Cheers.) It was impossible
to witness that sight without feeling the great importance of
the trust reposed in the House of Commons, or without an
increased sense of the magnitude of the commercial interests
of this great community. He trusted that whatever conflicts
might take place in that house, its members would never be
forgetful of the high interests which were intrusted to their
care, and that they would always show a devoted attachment
to the constitution. (Cheers.) '

After several other toasts had been proposed, the company
broke up, and as the Prince and her majesty's ministers rose
from their seats the cheering was tremendous.

FRIGHTFUL INTELLIGENCE. FROM COSTA RICA

COPY OF A LETTER FROM THE CITY OF HEREDIA
(From the Correo Semenario del Salvador.)

The earthquake was so sudden, that those persons who
escaped had hardly time to get out of their houses before the
falling of the walls.
In a second the department of Cartago has become a total
ruin. The destruction is so great, that the site of any par-
ticular edifice is hardly to be distinguished among the ruins.
In the city, the houses, even to the stone-work, were thrown
upwards by the shock, and fell down again in heaps of rub-
bish.

It is painful to dwell upon this event. The loss of life is
very great among all classes—all ages; the number is not
even to be estimated at the present moment.
The inhabitants of those villages in the department which
have suffered the least, have assembled, by order of the go-
vernment, with spades and picks, to disinter the bodies.
They are now hard at work, and will continue digging while
necessary. People perished in the streets, in the piazzas,
and in the churches. Ail our provisions are beneath the
ruins, and we are suffering a horrible state of want, which is
likely to continue, for the fences having been thrown down,
the cattle are destroying all they can reach. In Turidaba,
Tresrios, Cartago, Paraiso, Ujames, and even to the vicinity
of Maine, there is not left a single shed; and in every one
of the valleys, and en the haciendas, we find proportionate
destruction. From San Jose to this place, and to Alajuela,
the ruin is. considerable. In San Jose a number of edifices
were thrown down, and those houses that are standing are
uninhabitable. We are hardly better off in this city ; and
Alajuela has fared worse than we have. Tranquillino Bo-
nilla and his family are among those taken from the ruins.
They are alive, but bruised and crippled. The number of
sufferers is very great. Bodies are disinterred that csnnot
be recognised—shapeless masses and headless trunks—
everything in horrible confusion. Up to the present moment
there has been no eruption from the neighbouring volcano ;
the shocks continue without cessation, and no one can tell
how it will end.

[The great shock took place at six o'clock on the morning
of thp 2d of September.]

PROCLAMATION OF B. cArm.i.p, CHIEF OF THE STATE OF

COSTA Rif

Inhabitants of Costa Rica !—Ai half-past six this morning
a terrific earthquake totally ruined the department of Car-
tago, and caused most terrible ravages in San Jose, leaving
comparatively uninjured the other departments of the state.
The latter particularly are under obligations to succour their
unfortunate fellow-citizens of the former, who have suffered
to such a degree that there is hardly a, straw shed left to
shelter them from the rigour of the season. The city of
San Jose, which has suffered also in the common disaster,
will lend all the aid in her power to those of the unfortunates
who may come to take refuge with her ; and on the part of
the government all the assistance it can give will be afforded.

People of Costa Rica !—You are all of one family. The
misfortunes which are suffered by any portion should be, and
in feet are, felt in common. Hospitality has always been a
distinguishing facture among you; but now more than ever
must you manifest to the world that you truly possess that
virtue. Be generous, and extend a protecting 114n4 to the
afflicted. Hasten to aid them—build up sheds to protect
their families from the weather—carry them provisions, and
feed their helpless children, who weep for the loss of their
parents—take them to their houses, and give ear to those
who ask your charity. It is a duty, and you will fulfil it.
You will thus strengthen those bonds of friendship which
unite the whole state in a single brotherhood.
San Jose, Sept. 2, 1841. B. CARILLO.

STATiI OF nAD

MANCHESTER, JAN. 19.—We regret to say that the flat-
tering appearances of improvement, which presented them-
selves in our market a fortnight ago, have entirely disap-
peared, and prices, both of goods and yarn, have sunk to the
extremely low rates which prevailed about three weeks ago;
and even at those rates it was not easy to make sales yester-
day, some of the purchasers demanding still further conces-
sion; in several descriptions of yarn and goons. This decline
occurring so shortly after an impression that trade was about
to revive, shows the extreme feebleness of the market, arising
mainly from the inability of large numbers of spinners and
manufacturers to hold their produce ; in consequence of
which the slightest check in the demand causes a pressure to
sell, and an immediate reduction of price. Nor can any
substantial or durable improvement be expected without an
extensive revival of credit and confidence throughout the
country; a revival which, under existing circumstances,
must necessarily be slow and gradual, and therefore any ex-
pectations of rapid amelioration in the trade of the district
cannot reasonably be looked for.

ROCHDALE. FLANNEL MARKET, MONDAY, JAN. 17.—
The market has been dull and heavy to-day, and the business
transacted very limited. Wool may be quoted at last week's
prices.

HUDDERSFIELD MARKET, JAN. 18.—We have again to
wort as had a market day as, perhaps, was ever known in
Haddergeld. Buyers were few, and the purchases made
were generally at a load. 1p fact, the more business is done,
ander existing circumstances, the greeter is tip Ipss to the
energies of an industrious people. Prat is out of the ques-
tion ; to exist for a time seems to be the sole object of the
present commercial struggle.

COMMERCIAL TELEGRAPHS AND THE PENNY

POSTAGE

Improvements generate improvements, oftentimes, in most
unexpected directions. It seems almost absurd to say, that
the reduction of the duty on salt has cheapened literature; it
is so, nevertheless. The reduction of this duty led to the
manufacture of a very cheap bleaching liquid, which, acting
upon coloured rags, rendered them suitable for white paper;
the manufacture of phialr before this discovery, was limited
to white rags. The consequence has' been, that paper is much
cheapened.
A somewhat analogous instance is afforded, by the exten-
sion of mercantile telegraphs, along the chief headlands of
the coast; which may be attributed to the existence of the
penny postage. The establishment of these telegraphs and
private enterprise, quite unconnected with government, is
mainly established for the purposes of rapid communication,
on subjects connected with mercantile shipping. Great must
be the commerce, and deep its interests, to support a system
of telegraphs for its own use. Public attention has been re-
cently called to the subject, by the completion of a line of
telegraphs between London and Dover; being a part of the
general system. The system began some years ago, by
Lieutenant Watson (of the Royal Navy), who formed a line
of telegraphs at the port of Liverpool, and subsequently at
Hull, and projected the establishment of telegraphs at the

,
chief headlands along the whole coast. Their -advantages in
communicating with vessels at sea, and procuring timely as-
sistance, in cases where the want of it has led to serious
losses of life and property, were felt to be very valuqbler
But the cost of the necessary correspondence, between the
telegraphic stations and the central office, with the owners
and other parties interested, was found to be so great under
the old rate of postage, that the extension of the system to
the headlands was abandoned. No sooner, however, did the
penny postage_ loosen the bonds which fettered correspond-
ence, than Lieutenant Watson appears to have commenced
the extension of his telegraphs.
The reduction of postage (he states) offered such facilities
for transmitting intelligence to all parts of the kingdom, that
it was determined to extend the system to the principal head-
lands round the coast. Telegraph stations are now at work
at Flamborough Head and the North Foreland ; at the
Needles, Isle of Wight, to Southampton, whence, by the rail-
road, communications are received six"times a-day in Lon-
don ; at Skirra Head, Pentland Firth, Peterhead, Aberdeen-
shire ; and others are in progress from the Start to Dart.:
mouth, and other principal headlands, ineludiog the Bristol
Channel, the Clyde, and the southwest coast of Ireland.
Cutters, as floating telegraphs, will be constantly cruising in
the Downs, and off the Isle of Wight, for the purpose of
communicating with vessels as they pass.
Such telegraphs, when established, will enable vessels from
every quarter of the globe to report themselves, or forward
intelligence immediately on making the British shores. They
may communicate to their owners, consignees, or others in-
terested, in ease of accident or distress ; if out of time, or
detained by adverse winds ; if in want of stores or provisions ;
the state of fOreign markets I notices of arrivals out, &c.
and they may frequently save pilotage, port charges, and loss
of time, by calling off any of the telegraph stations for orders.
It may not be uninteresting to adduce some instances where
the service of these telegraphs has been very apparent.
Ist, The ship Consbrook, from Bombay, unable to save her
tide into Liverpool, came to an anchor off the floating light.
She had but one anchor on board : at lo 1v water a gale com-
menced from the westward, and as the flood made she drag-
ged towards the banks : she could not slip and claw off
against wind and tide, nor could she run into port for want
of water ; she therefore telegraphed as follows :

1545. Id want of an anchor and cable.
1531. Weight of anchor, 16 cwt.
These were supplied, and brought the vessel up within 150
yards of that fatal spot, the North Spit Bank. The vessel
and cargo were estimated at about £65,000, and were under-
written in London, Liverpool,. and Glasgow.
6th. In a snow storm, a brigantine, 68 tons register, with
a cargo on board estimated at £12,000 value, having sailed
from Hull the previous day, was driven ashore on that dange-
rous point, the Binks, off spurn. Early in the morning, the
telegraph announced the fact of " a brigantine being
ashore ; " but as the vessel had not been provided with the
necessary flags for signals, her name could not then be an-
nounced. At eleven o'clock, however, some means of com-
munication having been effected between the vessel and the
telegraph on board the Humber boat, intelligence was in-
stantly forwarded that she was the Mary, Captain Lancaster,
bound to Dunkirk, which information might have been re-
ceived several hours earlier had the vessel possessed the sig-
nals. On its being communicated to the parties interested,
they secured the means of rendering efficient assistance, by
sending down a steamer, and hiring lighters,which succeeded
in discharging and transhipping this valuable cargo during
the night ; and thus, in consequence of the rapid intelligence
conveyed by the telegraph, placing the cargo in safety before
the time the accident could have been known in Hull through
the ordinary means. Indeed, the telegraph may fairly lay
claim to the merit of having saved both vessel and cargo, as,
at the time, it was blowing a fresh gale, and a heavy sea run-
flinty

There seems but little relationship between a penny-post
letter and the safety of a ship's cargo of several thousand
pounds in value, yet that such is the fact, these telegraphs
seem to prove ; and we doubt not that, as post-office im-
provement becomes more and more developed, beneficial re.
sults, not less remarkable, will be traced-to its existence.-*
Saturday Magazine.

THE lER.CfI

(Front the Dublin Evening Packet)

Liverpool meet and take steps for founding a Marine Collebn
Let such a selmorbe formed, and make it matter of usag

if not imperative, that every lad aspiring

flieer el

go a certain course of tuitici

Let the practical

parts of seamanship, such as splicing and serving ropes, turn-
ing in blocks and dead-eyes, reefing aed furling sails, the
marks of the-lead lines; &c.,' be taught here. Masts might
be rigged in the ground ; or the college itself 'night be held
in some • large old vessel moored in the river. Lads frotur
such a school would no longer go on board a vessel ignorant
ofevery thing around them ; and, capable of being made im-
mediately twin' in the actual navigation of the vessel, the
temptation of employing them in the menial service of the
ship would be less.
In any event, however, this latter practice should be
speedily and promptly abolished. If the masters of the ves-
sels do not admit these lads to their own tables—and we do
not see why they should not—let a mess be formed in the
after-part of the ship, or in some other part, bulk-headed off
from the crew, for the second or third mate and the young-
sters. Where one or two only of such lads are employed in
a vessel, we would make it imperative that. they should mess
with the master, so as to be shut off from the influence of the
crew. If the lad he articled to the merchant, broker, or mas-
ter. it would be imperative on them, when the vessel arrives
in port, to send the lads to their friends, or to the Marine
College above contemplated, and not to let them run down
Wapping or Ratcliffe Highway, as is 'too often the case at
present. The commanders also should receive a special in-
junction to see to the conduct of the lads in foreign ports.
At present they get their " shore leave" indiscriminately with
the men, and are, consequently, led by them into every haunt
of vice with which all the seaports unfortunately abound.
These are crying evils—evils that come home to .the bosom
of almost every family in these maritime kingdoms; and it
is matter of surprise to us that they should have been so long
tolerated, without any attempt at remedy.
We would urge the necessity of some board of examiners,
to be appointed by Government or by Lloyd's, or by some
other competent authority—we care not how, so it be efficient
—for the examination of masters and mates of vessels. It is
astonishing how careful 'we are of little things, whilst we ut-
terly neglect those far more important. A man may not
presume to administer a doze of salts to an old woman in a
country village without his certificate of capability ; but he
may undertake the command of a vessel in which 300 or 400
lives are entirely dependant on his skill, without having been
subjected to any public test whatever ! This should not be.
There is not a nautical man of any experience but could ad-
duce numerous instances of vessels and lives lost from the
sheer ignorance of those to whom they were intrusted. What
care the owners ? They are fully insured—and you, it a pas-
senger, may insure your life, if you will, for the benefit of
your next of kin.

We do trust to see this state of things altered. The spirit
of the age—nay common humanity demands it. A young
gentleman, carefully nurtured and well educated, who may
choose the sea as a profession, should not be made the com-
mon drudge of every sailor in the vessel—nor should he, when
(with mind debased and principles perverted, under their re-
gimen.) arrived at man's estate, be allowed to assume the
command of a ship, when the lives of many valuable mem-
bers of society depend on his skill, without having undergone
some public test of his fitness for the important trust com-
mitted to him.

The whole subject is one of such vital interest that it loudly
demands the attention of the legislature, and too h4erferenee
of all good men,

[Our contemporary will be glad to bear that the defect to
which he so forcibly alludes is about to be removed, by
the establishment, at the Collegiate Institution in this
town, of such a school as he recommends. It is deter-
mined to introduce there the Greenwich system of train-
ing, and periodically to grant certificates of proficiency.
upon the examination of experienced commanders, to de-
serving students. For want of such a desirable institu-
tion, our merchants have been in the habit of obtaining
apprentices from the Royal Nautical Schools at Green-
wich ; but as the Collegiate Institution is supported by
the great shipping interest of the port, and directed by the
most wealthy and enterprising of the merchants of Liver-
pool, any such well-digested project emanating from it is
certain to be crowned with success. An outline of this
plan was given in the original prospectus, and; we are glad
to hear, has met with the greatest degree of enthusiasm--
ED. L. S.]

GERMAN NOTIONS OF ENGLISH POLICY

(From a German paper.)

We read in the Allgemeine Zeitung of the 27th of Dec.,
a more favourable account of the state of the Niger expedi-
tion. We need not tell our readers that the pretended object
of this new and colossal enterprise of England is the aboli-
tion, or rather prevention, of the slave trade. But Europe
is not to be cheated any longer by such pretexts. We are sur-
prised that the usually sharp and clearsighted writer in the
Allgemeine Zeitung did not immediately detect and hold up
to Germany the insidious and grasping projects which lie
concealed under this pretended philanthropy. For the ambi-
tion and cupidity of England it is well-known no aim is too
vast, and BO means too cyrript, We NivP VP) I,er progress
in Asia, The world is beginning to see clearly what are her
designs in that quarter of the globe, After having wasted
the treasures of India, amassed for ages, and exceeding all
that the imagination of the west could represent to itself ;
after exhausting the soil, reducing the formerly free and en-
lightened natives to the condition of slaves,and overthrowing
the peaceful and solid thrones of the rulers under which
they lived ; after having made this venerable seat of ancient
culture the victim of a grovelling industrial egotism, the En-
glish are now preparing to repeat the same process in China.
The gold of England will corrupt the fidelity of the servants
of the eeleatial empire, and it has before reduced enemies
whom lier arms failed to subdue. It is indeed a fe4ure in the
detestable machiavelism which characterises these insatiable
traders that their greediness assumes the air of boundless
profusion. This is one of the many singular appearances
which has imposed on the world. The whole of Asia, then,
with the exception of the provinces over which the Russian
eagle keeps guard, may be regarded as already within the
gripe of England. Very shortly the Chinese will see them-
selves compelled to take from Epgillnd, not only her opium,
but her poreplain 4i-icri)ardwaret her cottons and wopUens.
The exquisite manufactures of 'China will be suppressed
(verdriingf) to maim way for the fabrics which England is
compelled, by a law of her existence to force upon the
world. The pretext that she receives other productions in
return, is too empty merit an answer. All who are not
blinded by the doctrines of her economists—men hired to
varnish over the act of a reckless egotism—can see that Eng-
land has no other view than that of forcing other nations to
take what she produces ; what they have to give does not
even occupy the attention of these selfish shopkeepers.
Asia being thus her doomed prey (and if any one doubts it
we refer him to a series of articles which have lately appeared
in the Ausland,) the wily traders are beginning to spread
their nets around the unsuspecting inhabitants and priaces
of Africa. Already we see them exploring these new and
rich regions of the earth, forming treaties and winding their
insidious coils round the unfortnnate sovereigns whom they
affect to protect, When events are ripe the mask will: be
thrown off, and'tho manufactured of those'betrayid people
will be immolated at the shrine of the Moloch of English
commerce.
- , . _ _

Already the English are in possession of the southern ex-
tremity of Africa; for many years, in contemplation of this
gigantic conquest, has a settlement been maintained on the
western coast, where thousands of Englishmen have fallen
victims to the far-reaching ambition of which they were the
blind tools. It must be evident to every reflecting mind
that Sierra Leone has been held solely as a stepping-stone to
the conquest of Africa. Here, too, we find the true key to
what is called the Eastern question. Mehemet Ali might
have proved a formidable antagonist in the north. It was
important to cripple him. There remains now only the
French power in Algiers. Ahd-el-Kader is already in the
pay of England, and has had placed at his disposal large
ftinds with which to secure other Arab chiefs. We need say
no more. We hcivc unveiled the secret and rapacious pro-
jects of the Queen of the CThean, and our readers can easily
follow out the details.

Asia and Africa having now become provinces of England
there remains only America. Here, however, the English
encounter a foe as crafty and as greedy as themselves ; in
short, their lineal descendants. In North America there is
little chance for them, except from the execution of an infer-
❑al project already announced by their press—of arming the
blacks and exciting a servile war. Their eyes are therefore
turned to the south.
If our readers doubt what are the views of England on
this point, let them read in the Allgemeine Zeituny of the
28th of December the fearful account of " the net with which
England seeks to encircle the extra-European world " (to
use the author's expression) ; in other words, the lines of
steamers communicating with every part of the globe. That
these vessels are to be used as means of subjugating all those
regions there can be no doubt. Companies are formed,
money is potlred out like water, incredible efforts of ac-
tivity end skill are made—and for what end? For the con-
veyance of passengers and goods? There was a time when
in our German simplicity and true heartednesa we might
have believed this; but, Heaven be praised, we are grown
wiser. Our neighbours have awakened us by their insolent
aggressions from such dreams. The idea that these cunning
and practised traders embark such enormous sums in these
enterprises with the mere view of getting a return for their
capital—in short, because, to use their characteristic phrase,
"it will answer," is too shallow to delude us. We see
deeper.

We have not alluded to the already constituted empire in
New Holland, nor to the infant, but robust, colony of New
Zealand. It may not be known to our readers that a consi-
derable number of young men of family are gone to the lat-
ter country, under the specious pretext of growing flax, and of
finding for the moderate capital of a younger brother a more
productive employment than in the crowded mother-country.
Tiiese are the fables (nzaherehen) with which it is sought to
entertain us gooluatured children, As if young men trained
in the luxuries of an artificial civilization would abandon their
cherished " comforts" for such humble and commonplace
(allidglieli) reasons. Other young Englishmen are, under
the pretext of love of adventure or of antiquities, exploring
every corner of the earth. Such travellers as Lane, Fellows,
and many others do not, however, impose on us. Why
should young men wbo are not learned by profession
(gelehrten) consume their youth, their health, and their for-
tunes in hazardous expeditions, from which they can neither
derive nor expect personal benefit ? What has. a young
hanker to do with ancient Syria? But in this respect you,
of all nations, may learn of these haughty islanders. Their
country's aggrandizement is an object they never lose sight
of. As missionaries, as archaeologists, as men of science
(naturforsehen), as sportsmen, or simply as ennuyes, all are
actuated by one spirit and tend to one point—" the drawing
this new net of conquest completely over the whole extra-
European world."

THE COFFEE TRADE.--A movement is just now beingmad
in the coffee trade for a modification of the duties levied on
the various descriptions ;and the promoters have, it is said,
already prepared a petition to the president of the board of
trade, embodying their wishes on the subject. The matters
discussed in the petition, which has gone the round and re-
ceived the signatures of all the leading houses in the trade,
are not new, but have before been broached, though without
without any practical success, and the reason they are again
renewed is the confident knowledge of the desire of the pre-
sent government to look into the various evils complained of
as existing in our commercial system, with the view of ren-
dering all necessary relief. The petitioners appear to consi-
der that the reduction of the present duties levied on coffee
are not only necessary to the existence and prosperity of the
trade, but also that the revenue would be greatly increased by
the alteration, and show that the duty has been reduced fries
Is. per lb.to W. per lb. there has been an increase in the col-
lection by the customs and excise of nearly double the amount
originally collected. The scale of duties proposed, and which
are stated to be sufficient for the protection of the various
interests indentified with the trade, if proper measures are
adopted to prevent the enormous adulteration now in practice
by disreputable dealers, is 3d. per Ib, on certificated British
plantation coffee ; 3d. per lb. on Mysore, which is stated to
be in reality British plantation ; per lb. on coffee impor-
ted from British ports within the limits of the East India
Company's charter, without a certificate of growth ; and lid,
per lb. on all foreign coffee direct ; which, it will be observed,
is a reduction of one-half of the existing duties, except in the
case of Mysore, which is reduced one-third, to bring it on a
level with the admission of the produce of our colonies, and
for the reason before stated. There is every reasonable ex.
pectation, seeing the high respectability and character of the
parties who have taken the matter up, of its receiving atten-
tion in the proper quarter.—London Times.

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD
GENERAL PRINTING OFFICE

AND STATIONERY ESTABLISHMENT,
4, ST. GEORGE'S CRESCENT.

LACE & ADDISON beg leave to intimate to their Friends
and the Public, that every description of
MERCANTILE
LETTERPRESS AND LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING
Is neatly and expeditiously executed at their establishment,
and that they have always on hand an extensive Stock of
STATIONERY FOR EXPORTATION

AND GENERAL PURPOSES

Proceedings of Public Meetings, kc., Reported and Printed

at the shortest possible notice,

BOOKWORK, POSTING & HANDBILLS, CARDS, &c

ACCOUNT BOOKS
Made on the most approved principle.
BANKRUPTCY and other LAW FORMS.
Afew Copies of RYALL'S CONSERVATIVR PORTRAITS

on hand.

Eig Ziberpool &tanbarb.