The Statesman.
London, England, 1814-09-13 00:00:00

Do pos•tbee ew....... _
a higher rent?-.they 'mild be
doubt.
Mr. JOHN GLAREi
Do not you think
judge of the rent I
good land
hnveude:raytanrmdtehtallecaehceaahni7are:ldtr;tin i
not. I menu, that
of an uncultivated i In the event of the itsferier
on the principle of cold espensive clays, being
relity of farmers. would there not bean absolute
You have stated, has now beets applied to '
town or place where , brought lands ?—Certainly.
the rent bears no proportion the taxation ;is not 'in a quantity of poor land, though not worth cal-
You have stated, In a
the same effect to be expected, as to taxation, in the tivation till within that time : that proportion is very produce of the country
event of a great decay of agriculture, by a great great. conceive, nearly one-sixth,
number of the men being thrown oat of employ- Do you suppose it is one-fifth ?—lt might be about being forced out of tillage ; st.
meet ?—Of course it would. one-fifth or one-sixth ; but I speak with great nu- 'lion of foreign corn to replace
Upon what principle do you assume, that 10s. a i eertaisity. , you apprehend that the
bushel is the lowest /rice at which corn can be ae. Do yon nee conceive that there are lands in this. same ?—Yes.
forded by the English grower ?—Upon this prin- kingdom that were in cultivation es corn lands 20 or
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If the supply from abroad
chyle, that a man shall pay a fair and moderate rent ,25 years ago, which could not be maintained in ;by any cause, of course's
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for his land ; that the taxation shall be nearly what ;cultivation under the present ezponces, if wheat was —No doubt, and even t
it is in the agricultural parishes ; and that his pro- lit eight shillings, or below that ?—I think there it a ;great uncertainties ; there
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duce shall be somewhere about twenty bushels to the • great deal of old land, r taking such a country es the skill will ensure a crop, as
acre. 1 wilds of Susses, or the clayey part of Surrey. I ! If five resits are necessary
And that the capital required for stocking a farm, 1 thiek that land would not pay at eight shillings a 1 afford the farmer a proper
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&c. should Se as great as it is?—Certainty the cal& bushel. :lis at 201. a loads does it 4 tat should be as great, for every thing is doulgedin' t That bred has been in cultivation from time im- was at 161. a load, the loss
value that a farmer has to buy. memorialle equal to the present rent-Yes; and I think as little improved as 1 portion.
The rent having doubled within twenty or five-and- any. .
twenty years, as you have stated, do you apprehend . Therefore fir the growth of corn in this country t What would be the effect
that all the charges incident to the cultivation of land was at the skint price of Bs. a bushel, the breadth i East Riding of Yorkshires
have also doubled, including the capital necessary for of acres cultiSiOd would be less than it was five-and-
:eight shillings a bushel ?
that purpose ?—Certainly. twenty years ago ?—Yes. Idifference.
Have they more than doubled ?—I think they have, 1 Supposing the lands reclaimed from a state of 1 Would they, if restored
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and particularly upon corn farms, where they have waste within the last 20 or 25 years, and the cold in as useful condition as
not the means of breeding horses, which is a very clay binds that were in cultivation within that period, their cultivation ?—Nn,
material article. I might call to the attention of the to be put out of tillage, would they be as valuable that you would not get
Committee Wiltshire, Berkshire, and the vale of either as pastor', or in any other state, as they were good many years to come.
Gloucestershire, there they are not breeders of before they case under the plough ?—Not for many East Riding of Yorkshiie,
horses; a cart horse which used to be bought for 25 years to come. Lincolnshire and of Glom
I very considerable distlict,
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guineas in my early time, cannot he bought ender Would notahe result therefore, of any great tran-
, waste lands of Norfor
50 or 60i guineas now. sitioo from tillage to pasturage, in all those lands be,
Is it not a necessary effect of the doubling of the that the growth of corn would revert to the dimi- 1 Thetford quite up to H
price of corn, that the price of horses should rise niched scale at which it stood five-and-twenty years four times the quantity
nearly in an equal proportion ?—I think it has arisen ago, and that the pasturage would not he so valuable 1 collection.
in a great measere 'nom the increased cultivation. as it then was?-According to that position it would ; ! Dees not their increased
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You mean to say that the capital required now is no doubt about it. 1 ger of those lands being
double what was required twenty or five-atid.twenty What would be the effect of a rapid diminution : They will not be throw
years ago?—[ think it more than double, fur a farm in the tillage of the kingdom, upon the demand for upon the price of corn ii
of the same extent. agricultural libour ?—An increase of the poors' for growing. % s
- You have stated, that one of the ingredients which rates, of course. I What price would that b.
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enabled you to judge that corn could not he afforded Would that increase of' the poors' rates take place Ibe satisfied with 10s. bushel
at less than 10s. a bushel, was fair and moderate rents; et a period when the occupiers of land, being no Do you think a less price'
do you mean to escrude from that calculation those longer abte to produce corn with a profit, would be throw out of cultivatio;
lands that have been let in the manner you before re- less able to meet that increased charge ?—Yes. ' four-fold ?—There is the
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fervid to, by tender ? Most certainly ; all those You have stated in a former answer, that the sob-
with every acre of this
lands that have been let by auction or by ticket, in sistence of the country has materially depended , land. ~
the ways lately used, I reprobate in the strongest open the improcentesit of egricultare?—Very much : When, lrthe eePe"'
terms, and exclude them totally. indeed. brought to a Atto of
You do not think, that even excluding those rents, What do you conceive to be the difference in the times what it did is there
corn could be afforded at less than tits. a bushel ? produce, between what is called high farming, and biz thrown out 44. cult:
I do not. the 4•rslisiary old course of husbandry ?-1 should a bushel ?-1 thinic if a
Do son think that a rent that has doubled within think more than as much again : in consequence of he expected for his taint
the last twenty or five-and-twenty years, is a fair end modern husbandry, the produce in a parish, I should vale it.
moderate rent ?—Yes; and likely to teasel ; I speak conceive, double the quantity, if the capital was suffi- With corn ae 134. a, blighei
very strongly upon that point, from experience, be- cient to tin justice to it. that oat of celtirmiesi which
cause I have no doubt that the propel t , which is D•i sou conceive that tote improvements Is Wes fPue hip's 'its Pelittilet' ?—ths-
vary considerable now in my hands, w' with- delis asisiassilifire t'fie eeect altogether of increased to pat; when a man had brought
out any abatement. ----'e - - ---- caoital, employed in agriculture I—With the in- state, tie would be desirous of
Having been employed so extensively in king netts .1
-ustrs of the country at large. The whole face of could.
and letting lands, do you conceive that a landlord, the country is changed within my experience, by im-' Could he go on with it, ha.
receiving upon an average rents double to those he prevenient in the great agricultural counties ; which pence, to bring it to four times its 'prod. .--,
received twenty or five.and.twents year. ago. re- improvements I ascribe to the increased application was eight shillings a bushel ?—No ; I think
ceises a greater prop irtion of the gres: profits of the of the intelligence, and capital and industry of the . would not wish to go on with it ; that considering
farm, than he did at that period ?—1 think he may country. I the expeeces of the cultivation, be would lose by every
receive nearly about the same proportion ; but then Do you think that in those farms where improve. acre. ~ •
every thing is against him in point of Isis own even- meats have not been made, and where the produce I Are you of opinion, thatif wheat should be at or.
diture. ! consequently is only one-half what it would be un- i near ten shillings a bushel, no land now in cullers.
lie puts twice as much into his pocket of hard der the improved system of agriculture, the defici. tion would be thrown out ?—No ; I think there would
money, as he did before, bating the increases, charge ciency is to be ascribed more to want of intelligence ; not.
of repairs ?—Yes, as much again, 1 think he does. , than to want
,of capital in the occupiers of such 1 What would be the consequence, if wheat was only
What is the increased charge of repairs ?-1 think ; lands ?—Perhaps to negligence. i Bs. a bushel ?—I think there would be very little
the charge of repairs used to be calculated, in my i Do you not think, in many instances, it is owing grown upon those districts.
early time, at %ix, or six and a half per cent. I,to a want of capital ?--It may be so. f What weed be grown ?—Barley and eats.
think they are at least three per cent more; I think 1 Do you Oink that the improvements in agrical- Of a good quality ?—All the wheat grown epee
tney are about ten per cent. now, but that is very un- : tore will stand still or fall back, if the inducement' those high countries is of inferior quality ; the qua-
certain. Ito employ and increase the capital, now vested in lity of sample depends upon the quality of lAA and
So that, if the eepairs of a farm of 2001. a year, farming, should be diminished ?—No doubt about it. • climate, and the advantages it has in its growth by
were lel. a-year twenty-five years ago, that farm 1 If the inducement should be continued, will not sun-
now letting for • 4001. the repairs would be 401. ?—; that capital be increased, and the improved system
of
If wheat is at or near 101. a bushel, would any
!of farming extend itself more generally ?--Ia the of the consequences result from Out which have
Yes, I think they would.
Do you conceive that all other expences of the most rapid way that it is possible, as it is going on : been alluded to, such as labourers being thrown out
landlord, his general expenditure of his income, now. iof employment, capital withdrawn, and pours rates
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have increased in the same proportion as his charge 1 You mesa to say, that while corn is at ten shil-
increased ?—No; I think not.
of repairs ?—I think they have, in a greater propor- lines a bushel, that would be an inducement to go ' Would mot that afford an encouragement to per.
tion. ; on ?—lf the rents are formed upon a principle of, soits-to go on with new enclosures, as they have done
Are you of opinion, the increased price of every calculation, not let, as I before stated, to be worked lately ?—Yes, I--think the improvements would tie
thing has not borne equally hard upon the annul- .up to what people choose-to:give. on at that price. •
ettelheilliken
cant, the stockholder) or the manufacturer ?—I sop- Have you experience of any farm, upon which a Upon old enclosed estates, the strong ds
pose it has. • tenant has gone to decay from want of adequate which formerly lay in a state of pasturagelegineat
What do you think is generally, upon lands of ',capital to cultivate it ; where a succeeding tenant, I many, of course, have been broken op of 1M ;:41
fair average fertility, the proportion of rent to the ; with an increased capital, has been able to pay an 1 the cultivation of those lands becomes ustprertt
gross produce ?—I should think about one-fifth on 1 increased_and do well
rent, to ?—Many, many, would it not -roods* a long course of pars to re. -
re them to a pasturage of spial:ealoe to. that

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arable. :scores. I have known tenants _
Supposing a farm not liable to any extra charges, talc Nieman paupers, upon rents one-third of those
is that the proportion by which you would be go- upon *Nei a tenant with an adegoate capital for
verned in fixing the rent ?—Yes, thereabouts. improved agriculture has been able to maintain him-
Was that the proportion about twenty or fire-and- self and family with credit.
twenty years ego ?-No, I think not. I What is vier opinion respecting leases in agricol-
•Was it -then greater or less ?—Fivtkomd-twenty tare ?....*My cpinion as to leases is favourable, under
do better 'with calculat- - that I should expect something

iss
which they were preaious to thehrilkeing broken up?
—No doubt. rtt
In your extensive empirrynratokl--slaset price of
wheat have you filed rents in the.. letting of., firms
for the last five or six years?—Within the last five
or six years my data has been aboditips. a bushel.
Never higher ? —No ; nor less.
that TUC
'stances, leal *he
Corn

years ago a farmer could
ing a fourth, or even a third, than he can bow at a
fifth. •
A farmer could do better in calculating upon
four, or even three rents, than he can uow at five ?
—Yes ; I mean calculating upon the modern fann-
ing, which is by espence, in comparison with the
old-fashioned husbandry.
You have stated, that the growers of corn in Eng-
land could not pay a fair and moderate rent, and
afford to sell at less than ten shillings a bushel ; what
would be the effect of corn being upon an average
years at eight shillings a busliel, upon the cold

them circomstatines, . _
to be done, and the farm left in good condition
the expiration if the lease*, otherwise I should not
advise the granting of it; I oapict it should be an
incentive for the tenant to lay out his money upon
the land, to cultivate it, to band it down to my
Andrew in excellent condition.
• Then leases are highly beneficial to the increased
produce of the kingdom ?—Yes. certainly.
In cases of most large estates where leases are not
granted, is there not a kind of coundenee on the part
of the tenant, either that he shill not be romorevl
without being allowed for improvrosent. ; or that he
shall cooties! without his ront being raised for a

9 Do not yoo think it was to be expected,
esiount of rent would, in many in:
creased in proportion to the *increased price of ?
:--Very likely ; a man would be glad to make the
AIM interest he could.
Can you state what the proportion of the price of
labour now and twenty-five )enrs ago is ? —The
price of labour encreased about the time of the
scarcity in .1799 ; then came the riseio tabour.
Can you star the average pt hoer ?—tt S 4 very slit.
Pelt to say What is an average • in the northern dis.
trict, I think, it is about es. 6d. a day for aviciet.
-; t think it na: not more than 1444:—.
,nd Hampshire
eighteen

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stiff class of poorer lands which now produce corn Ille ,
—I think that the incitements that there are now, certain period, generally adequate to she comn4,4
and the spirit of the country to cultivate the waste run of leases ?—Yes, certainly; he. expects what is
and poor lands, would cease, and they would turn just and right.
them into sheep-walks ' • they would not pay the ea- What do you think nosid he the effect upon the
pence of cultivation, if wheat was at eight or seven facility of feeding the people of this country in the
shillings, or to come back to the old price of five course of a few sears, if the inferior lands be thrown
shillings a bushel. out of tillage ?—lt would create a greater difficulty
Is there not a very considerable proportion of the than there is at pretest.
wheat of this kingdom raised now opo,, strong cold Do you conceive it wadi, create a higher pike ?
clap and poor laud I—..fs great deal upon poor If there vas leo grove the price men be higher.

turwl.lahoor
Tite agricultural labour of Wiltahitra
actreoly amount-to above sitteen or
penile: now the consequence they ,are all upon
inth.p.ots rates._ I disk, in al: the country about
Marlborough, galisbury, Andover. and all that
country, not -twice than that is paid; there are
many pari.hes round that pseud thpcdootry where
• labeeter'. family not on the

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#t- . •• • I' -' ir • : -17'7",' l'" If w; -..
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THE STATESII.M.:
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CORN LAWS. . ~ • alt Jusltiratloai, leek at the flinty port
of end. lialapilreelead all that within
eI DO es.. Examination.—Contitteru
_i. the roaCitaflitiwai, why tfiey pt town dressings.
What woelipo the effect upon the cold clays of
ink in general the farmer is the best Susses, Kent, and Norfolk ?—I should think they
t he can afford to pay ?—Certeibly
malt be laid down in grass; that they would not
at I look apron a farmer to be a man pay for cattiaatiaa.
d mind; a man who does not go elf- What proportion of the grain of the kingdom
of calculation; I speak of the gene- should you conceive is now produced upon land, of
that description?—That is a very wide question in-
ed, that in fixing rents near to any doled. I have already elated, that the incentives to
sere there is a decayed mauatacture. agriculture within the last few years, have brought
proportion to the taxation ; is not ' in a °timidly of Door land. thourh not worth cal.

J. WM"
,
taimmEmmegicaEamial....
ey woad be mow tabsabbri
moierment liet.ewpftail ibriag il.e
intoned osterrar.unim a 'level th•
I left in a .stete erifi elderet-Asigo
itarer. ••
he inferior htirds4 particularly oe
ys, being forced out of tillages
an absolute lass of capital which
ed to the improvement of those
, in a former answer, that the
Hintry might be dimini.hed, yort
lane-sixth, by the inferior lands
tillage : supposing the inspotte.
.n to replace that deficiency, dO
at the prices would remain. the
, • .
•
in abroad should be interrupted
'nurse 'the price would be higher!
even the home growth is open to
; there is no human foresight or
mop, as we have seen recently.
necessary, es you *se stated, to
proper reinunerstionvwhen wheat
does it not follow, that if n heat
the loss to the farmer *avid be
it rent ?—it murk be-in that prt
the effect upon the wolds je the
rkshire, of the price of corn being
label I—lt would ;mike a mange
restored toatheir former state, bii
ition as they were previonsii to
—No, I thi-k they would4illat;
at get a sward on the wads Tor
to come. The wold tends of the
rorkshiie, and the wold lands of
)f Gloucestershire, which form a
district, and the commons and
qorfiillt. taking the district from
to Hrlkham, produce more than
Wily that they did within my re.
increased produce prevent any dan.
being thrown out of cultivation?---
thrown out, unless the depression
corn is such, that it would slut pay
110
tall that be ?—f think they would
Os. a bushel.
leseprice than 10s. a bushel would
tivation lands that have iticreaiwd
P is tire Mee trouble and expense;
If this land that there is with good
e expellee incurred, it bas fteiPa
to of cultivation to produce four.
;,is there* danger of tear land he.
I.cultiv:ition by corn beitrg at Si.
Ilk if a flair did not get the relit*
is capital, he would cease to reltlitot,
Bt. cbtothel, Irma) a man throw
ciao which had. iiren-irstre4saed..to • ;*7
Act —that is s very .trong rime
man had brought them into that •
ma desirous of going on with it if he
in with it, haring incurred 'hi.; ex.
a?.
t to four times its produce, if corn

I 'her; is ilia a single labeuser's Easily not on ism
- pwur.' ratPc f
U POll the average, you Mut the price of labwes
/
.