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CHINA

AVD INDIA

ARRIVAL OF THE OVERLAND MAIL,

By an extraordinary express from Marseilles, despatches
were received in London yesterday morning, from Canton
to the 10th October, and Bombay to the 30th November.

The news from China brings the account of the taking of
e great Chinese fortress of Anioy on the 27th of August,

after considerable firing, but without the loss of a man on the
side of the British. Several hundred cannons were taken,
and some Mandarins were so horrified that they killed them-
selves within sight of the invaders. In the proclamation
issued by Sir Henry Pottinger, the official account of the
capture is given. The expedition, having left a force at
Koolangsee, a small island close to Amoy, proceeded subse-
quently to the northward. The Chinese accounts at Canton
in the beginning of October stated that the British had in
the month of September taken Chusan and Ningpo, and had
established a blockade at the mouths of the Grand Canal.
But no intelligence of those facts had reached Hong Kong or
Macao when the Mor clipper left the latter port.
From Burmah the news is, that the extraordinary activity
of the Calcutta Government had surprised Tharawaddie;
for within almost to him an incredibly short space of time a
considerable force appeared ready to resist his contemplated
attacks on the British possessions. 8,000 men, several ves-
sels of war, and some steamers, have proved that the British
were not to be taken unawares. The chances of his begin-
ning a war are not therefore great, particularly as he is now
aware of the British successes in China. The peaceful re-
turn of Tharawaddie to his capital will place at the disposal
of the Indian government several vessels of war, which in
case of necessity may be sent to reinforce the expedition in
China. There are, it appears, two American frigates now
near China, in order to protect the interests of the United
States there.

There has been some fighting between the Ghilzies, a tribe
of hardy mountaineers, who hold the mastery over the passes
leading from Cabul to Jellalabad and Peshawar. It appears
that a tributt, or blackmail, paid to them for liberty to pass
through their defiles having been reduced or not paid by Shah
Soojah, they stopped the mails coming from Calcutta and
through the Sikh country. There were orders issued to clear
the passes, and a force under Sir Robert Sale proceeded from
Cabul for the purpose. This force encountered considerable
obstacles : the mountaineers, being fully acquainted with the
ground, chose such positions as enabled them with their long
matchlocks to do great execution among the British. Of the
officers, three were killed—viz., Captain Wyndham, 35th
Bengal Native Infantry; Lieutenant Jenkins, diito ; and
Lieutenant Edward King, of her Majesty's 13th Light In-
fantry. Among the ten officers wounded is Sir Robert Sale.
This fighting in the defiles, with an enemy almost unseen, is
much commented on. The utility of forming an effective
rifle corps is also urged.
Sir William Hay M`Naghten is expected to arrive in Bom-
bay some time in January, but the date is not positively
known.

The steamer Madagascar has been lost on the coast of
China, and several officers and Lascars have fallen into the
power of the Chinese.

The passengers and crew of the brig Sultana, which was
burnt by lightning near the coast of Borneo in January last,
have arrived at Singapore, after sufferings of the severest
kind from the petty rajahs and pirates.
Some travellers lately arrived from the islands in the Pacific
describes the enormities committed by some captains under
British and American colours as unworthy of the protection
of both of those civilized countries.

The trials of the Arab revolters on the frontiers of the
Nizam's country are over. One of them has been executed,
and several ordered to be transported. Tranquillity prevails
now in those districts.

There are apprehensions of a famine in some districts of
Bengal, where the rice crop has failed.
We take the following particulars of the taking of AmoY
from the Bombay Times :
The British squadron, consisting of 34 sail, including
steamers and transports, having left Hong Kong Bay on the
21st August, arrived at noon on the 25th within forty miles
of Amoy. As the fleet neared the harbour, the admiral
made the signal for two frigates, the Druid and the Blonde,
to run a-head and report the soundings ; the remainder of
the ships of war with the steamers and transports following
at a moderate distance. The Chinese from the batteries on
the islands immediately opened their fire on the leading ships.
Of this, however, no notice was taken, the shot either fall-
ing short, or passing over the vessels. At daylight of the
26th all the boats were hoisted out, and the two commanders-
in-chief proceeded in the steamer Phlegethon to reconnoitre.
At eight a.m. they returned to the flag-ship. Shortly after-
wards a mandarin came on board the Wellesley with a flag
of truce. The ostensible purpose of his mission was to in-
quire why so many ships had come there to trade at one time,
and what commodities they required. He was, however, soon
dismissed by the Plenipotentiary, it having been explained to
him that the visit of the fleet to Amoy was not of a commercial
nature.: In consequence of its continuing calm during the
forenoon, nothing further was done until about half-past 12,
when a breeze having sprung up, the signal was made to
weigh. The steamers Sesostris and Queen first got into
action, and were engaged half an hour before the other ships
joined against a long battery mounting 76 guns on the right-
hand side of the harbour. The Blond, closely followed by
the Druid and Modeste, led the larboard division, and about
20 minutes before 2 these three vessels were closely engaged
with the batteries on the left-hand shore. At the same time
the centre division, consisting of two line-of-battle ships,
Wellesley and Blenheim, followed by the Columbine, Plya-
des, Cruiser, and Algerine, stood across the harbour to re-
lieve the steamers, running along shore at the distance of
about 400 yards from the beach and 600 from the fortifica-
tions. The line-of-battle ships anchored by the stern, and
commenced a heavy cannonade, in which they were aided by
the smaller sailing vessels ; the Queen and Sesostris having
been despatched to aid the larboard division. The canno-
nade lasted about two hours, by which time her Ma-
jesty's 18th and 26th Regiments, with parties of sea-
men and marines, had been landed at various points.
Sir Hugh Gough put himself at the head of the first-
named corps, and took possession of one end of the long
battery. About the same time the 26th regiment, with the
sailors and marines, attacked and carried the batteries on the
island of Koolangsee. Shortly afterwards the end of the long
battery furthest from the point held by the major-general

was seized by the seamen and marines of the Wellesley. The
fortifications were now entirely in the hands of the British ;
the Chinese having fled in all directions without offering any
resistance worth mentioning to the storming parties, so that
very few lives were lost by the enemy and none by the vic-
tors.

The fortifications of Amoy were found to be of immense
thickness, composed of huge blocks of granite faced with
mud. Scarcely any impression was made on them by the
ship's guns ; and had not recourse been had to storming, the
Chinese might have remained uninjured under the shelter of
their ramparts for an indefinite period.