The Statesman.
London, England, 1818-12-10 00:00:00

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wy , Whence. then, hive Englishmen eo deeply imbibed
the no than?—From this cause : io addition to the
ebnee-teentioood difficulty of discerning w bat Intel-
- leitlimily•reiatee• to the amens et preserving Liberty,
• alp*? itkoir;• as matter of eotorioin feet, that in all
ilestelsieten where money has beep the eachangeable
' *len of properly, giving practicability to samosas-
. gage amivicoof swims has been iissetiabie ; sad,
eibtsettion as they have been despotic, they have
.Allelferatly pillaged the People, wittiest the least re.
. -theft, at redeciag them to fusion sod*. erattemity
iffirsity.
Aad experieselog this spirit in tharekrs of.their
laws eottotry,,--s *tit which nothing bet the Wt
geverbibent of a natio* twits Represented*** cab sae.
• tossfolly oppose, it is not sauprising that Repress..
Cation, cousidering its vita ,importadce• to• the et.d,ii
eleseld, in their -mieds, have appeared to .receiettitai
• kiery being from Property, iucorreet as wb heve seen
ktilast notion. in runty to be. . •
They have likewise been led into this error in dis-
ellielination,a by the figurittive Impinge of their
Sllegoent lawyers, who have metaphorically told them,
. Sere is not a blade of craw but what is tepresented,
rallit•ing in plain English the persons to Oboes the
VON belonged.
Hem indeed the language was doubly metaphorical,
•Opt is, in tiro senses not literally true. For, as
tamer gj tact,: it were, in the first piece, an rib.
ty to talk of grass, or stock', or stoles, having
Wives, which implies election; and in the j
, red place, as applying to persons) we know bow
are represented.
i• lls addition to what has been already advanced,
.1111111cbieg the error of thinking •th•tt Repre,entation
might to depend on property, instead of standing (mite
• tree foundation of peeronolity,it may be noticed that
throeghout the loncisarbarous, and brutal prevaleece
of the feudal tyranny in this land, it was the policy
of those who bad monopolised the property, to mw
asepolize the power also; a notion so favoorahle to
their own despotism that we recognise it in the le-
gislation of those ages ; nor have oar great land.
owners of later times ceased to cultivate it, as bath
• been sufficiently conspicuous in our county elections.
'l'. T. quotes, "the eloppent Lord Clareed6a, in
A Observing that whatever is of civility god god imam.
wets, of art and of busty, of real mid solkl wealth
, the world is the child of BELOVED PRO-
*.PERTY ;"—and " that nothing hot the joy of pro.
petty reduced 04 from the state of barbarity ; and no-
e thing bet SECURITY IN THE SAME can preserve
. tas from returning to it again ;"—and again, that "it
was the importance of, and delight in, this proper'',
i!
that produced that happy and beneficial agreement I
between the Sovereign Power and the Naked
. Subject."
Bering on that occasion given to the word 46 SE..
CURITY" the same emphasis that I have now done,
it is remarkable that his attention was not called,
either to his own genealogy of Property, nor still
• higher, for the tree source of that SECURITY.
in his genealogy he tells us, that 66 Labour begat
Property ;" but, beginning with Labour, the gene.
alogy is imperfect, as not reaching up to the otigin
of things; that is to the Almighty Father, from
whom alone we can deduce their pedigree.
God having created man FREE, end given the
Earth elan inheritaime to the race, FREEDOM was,
therefore, an inherent and original property of man,
before be could, by the labour of his hands, appro.
.priate to himself any extrinsic property whatever.
i'reedoni having by a law of nature been thus an
%essential cause, most, by the continuance of that law,
asitinee to bean essential cause, or, in other words,
a security of property.
it is truly sorprising that I. T. should not per.
Seive that all general principles respecting human
Amur, Inset be us applicable to the manufacturer,
es to the Lord of much land—to the poor, as to the
sigh. ,Ilevieg seen the misconceptions under which
be quoted Fortescoe and Clarendon, we must not
be serpriaed that, while under the dominion of an
unhappy pruudice against universal freedom (of
which suffrage is the proper basis and evidence) he
should say--" The grand design of our Constitution
appears, therefor*, to have been the conservation of
the subject's property, NO r Tin: CREATION OF
A POWER CAPABLE OF COMMANDING
IT."
And it is equally surprising to see this warm ad-
vocate for the rights of the labouring classes, and a
. redress of their ctuel grievances, also quoting from
Petyt words in direct opposition to the drift of his
own argument ;.namely, " what is mine cannot be
made another', without my consent in person, or by
representation, or some act of mine incurring fine or
forteiture."--64 Take away this, and pia take away
.611 rules and bounds of settled Government, end
leave in the subject no property of his own."--
Having quoted these words, T. T. himself imesedie
ately adds, " by the same rale of reasoning, I say,
takeaway from the labouring classes any part of the
profits of their daily labour (without their consent
first bad and obtained) and you take away all the
rules and bounds of settled Government, and leave
in the subject Ito property of his own."
In the various parts of this singular essay, T. T.
speaks of the " labouring classes" of Englishmen,
as " MEN who deserve sell of their country,"—as
MEN who " enter into society to have arid enjoy the
frui!‘ of their toil and industry, and to call it their
. elm ;''-MEN Italicise 66 property, as immediately
evening from labour, is most deserving our high re.
pgd attd veneratieu;".e.." more thau half whose

..dfragt
'talent, •in personal legivieti on End. hi is wen fee es.
',areas them front anrohoiceeof legleietireguarifianr
mid protectors ; which wero...indeefly to trast,thern
.11 egoondaws ejected from (grit society ;If ' although,
lialfauf, they constitute a, very large. majority of She
ludisief eltkevelt they ace ra looal beings Marated in
', the image of God,—and although' witless solillreover
Christ country,ll' instructed in a mare per.
'het morality thee any plink .class of barna, beluga
ifllleireatt, and endowed with the beteigiiry apkity
Lilo, hope and true that my eucelleet friend,.
T. fr. by attention to that distinction betwbenTris.
peril sod Liberty. which has been now suggested,
-will.pm:rife that although is the defence of the
People's Property against Boettegbmonger invaders'
ute•eirght ever to be jealous, active, avddeterenined ;
ye. that the defence of their Liberty against the
same invaders, is even still mare Worthy of oar
eiertions.-1 have the honour to be, dte. &ff. &c,
•%•' JO4IN CART WS&GUT.

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FRENCH PilPfgfta.
•
DEC.Piais,
6.—The King transacted business
yesterday successively with the Ministers of Justice,
of the Marine, of Foreign Affairs, and of the In-
terior.
Lord Castlereagh, accompanied by Lord Stuart,
the English Ambassador, had the honour of being
presented to his Majesty. The Noble Lord, with the
Duke of Wellington, dines' with. the Prince Castel.
cicala, the Neapolitan Ambassador. •
A notice appeared yesterday inviting the Mem.
hers of the Chamber of Deputies to assemble on
Tuesday the Bth of December, at one o'clock. in the
Palacki of the Chamber of Deputieo, fur the purpose
of appainting the deputation which is to meet the
King 011 the day of t..e Royal
Letters from C. iisialitinispie announce that the
Tartar inhabitant, of Caecaous, have taken up arms
against the Rusdons, and had invaded part of
Georgia.
All the Ministers are occupied in perticelar la.
boors relative to the opening of Au Charaliers.
TllerO has •Iteen no Coeocil for seititakallegti wee is
it kassa what r OR - - -
The turn %shish the negociatines relative to the
differences between Vivaria and Bad•in have taken,
is now one of the most importsot uhiects which
copy public atteistion in gerniiiiiy. Various conci.
liatory propositions have been made We are as-
sured that, among other points, it has been pro.
posed to acknowledge the succession of the Counts
of Hochberg, on contiiti-n of ceding to Broads the
Bade's circle nt. the \Niue and l'autier, the acqui.
action of which woord he very advantageous to the
Court of Munich, Decease it would contribute to
unite more compactly 'he different provinces of that
kingdom. This prupn.ition satisfied 'wither party.
It vr•,s then agreed to refer the arrangement of the
alf.ii to the Special Commission which is to assemble
in F *Hain,

... _ _......_.
F•ench Funds, Dec. b.—Five per Cents. 69 f.—
Batik Stock 1675 f.

MAnsm.Les, Nov. 28 —Mr. Ritchie, an English
traveller, aged '2B years, lately embarked at Mar.
fur the purpose of exploring the interior of
Africa. Ile WAS Secretary to the present Ambassa-
dor from Engiiiiid ■t the Court of France, when he
heard that the British Ministry had resolved, on the
invitation of the Dey of Tripoli, to send an agent
into the inrerior of Africa. He solicited with ear-
nestness this honourable and perilous mission. Mr.
Ritchie has only one compagnon de voyage, M. Du-
pont, a young Frenchman, who is very clever in the
art of preparing and preserving objects of lateral
history.
If AMBURGUI Nov. 27.—Genera! Gewgaw!, im.
mediately on his arrival, presented himself at the
house of the Prefect of Police, M. de Bartels, and
solicited permission to reside in this city. His re-
quest was complied with, on the eapress condition of
conforming, in every respect, loth. existing laws.
At Copenhagen 27 public sales were lately an.
nounced, of which 23 were in consequence of bank.
r u ptcies.

BANKS 01 TUB ELBE, Nov. 45.—The English
brig Britannia, bound from London to Bremen, with
a cargo of colonial goods, was stranded between the
Isles of Ba!tram and Langerog. This has given oc-
casion to an event, which is related in 60 many dif.
ferent ways, that public opinion ought to be suspended
until better information be obtained. According to
some, the Master had agreed with the sailors to un-
load the ship ; others pretend that the sailors bail
begun to pillage her. The only fact on which all are
agreed is, that troops having come upon them, they
fired un the sailors, killed two of them, and arrested
tweitty.two. A Commission has been nominated by
the Chancellerie of Aurich to examine this affair,
and M. de %Veneto°, Director of the Chancellerie,
has proceeded w the place.

Twelve East India packets have been established
by Government within the last year, which are dis-
patched regularly every month, from Chatham,
Portsmouth, or Ply moutb, seven of them being em-
ployed between England, the Cape, and SI. Helena,
and .the remaining five between that island and the
various Presidencies, independent of arrangements
made for transmitting letters and newspapers by
private bliiPs almost dually, tinder certaia legislative
replatious.

8 •
at
:end-
i t _
mottientookliwportance to tll4ll4lM,:dli the
personal mfety of the communtix, ateUtsblishistithe
charactett.of that ni4enee whichOirgisileto receive the
cradnuctunA Istrips. Regarding, in shlnfiglot• the tes-
timony hithestn 'deemed sufficient to markt incases
of Torgerp,Hand Unfortunately too much relied upon,
We feet Impelled to make some further remarks on
the eases which bars afforded two honest and upright
Aeries the means of vindicating common sense, and
the anguish of violated htrmanity. The two
,first acgoittalarested on this fact :—We cannot dosibis7
Arid the Juries, that the' Prisoners passed these noteS,
.swid to be forged; but we gannet be satisfied with this
Iroidence afar Forgery.'
This is' verdict of COMMON amiss; it is a verdict
which we trust will be common to all future cases or
trials for the Forgery of Bank-notes, tilt the Bank
shall have condescended to allow the Jury to trust to
their own senses; and not to interested servants, et
spies.

The es4denee Of all witnesses rests, or should rest,
on the testimony of the smug. Men accused of,
crimes and arraigned at a Bar of Justice, are friend
guilty, or acquitted, on the testimony of the with
nesses' senses. These witnesses are eye or ear wit.
q.sseti, and their evidence is grounded on the 'Mil-

mony which conscit ygness gives them, that their eyes
and 'ears bate not deceived them. Ins requisite
that'every bison should possess all his senses in per-
fection. • 'lL'bilud man can—he no trifnefa of any thing
' eat , the evidence of sigiit deaf
omen's evidence is not valid in a case where hearing
•adone Is the basis of his testimony. And for the
km. reason a blind, or deaf Juryman, wonld he such
lie anomaly as never occurred in a Ciimical Court.
'flew can a Jury be said to decide according to
the evidence aJheir senses, if they have no!
Prideat useinn.,ut directing their judgment—if O.
Bank *Rd alleiwtote Inspectors, for their sue
interest Mid convenience, keep the knowledge of the
infallible marks to themselves?

I,

Again, the judgment of the Jory decides the fate
of the accused ; thus the Judge asks a witness what
he knows of such a matter, to which be was an eye
or an eel. witness. The witness answers by affirm-
ing or denying something. Bot his answer does not
express his judgment : it is his testimony. But the
opiiiiun" of the Jury is not their testimony : it is,
I heir judgment ; and on this judgment the prisonei

is condemned or acquitted. Se also, we say, when

the Judge, after taking the proper evidence, &r.
passes sentence in a cause, that judgment has been
pronounced; for that sentence is the Judge's judg-
ment. Hence, it is plain, that the mind, with regard

to whatever is true or false, passes sentence, or de.
termines according to the evidence before it. It
on this ground that we heir .s: Ivry asked, " Gen-
tlemen, have you made op your minds?"

Let us now apply these notions of common sense
to the cases of prosecution for Forged Bank-notes.
If a prisoner is found guilty, the judgment of the
Jury must be right ; or they decide to find the ac-
cused guilty on u wrong judgment. A right judg-
ment implies, that the Jury know all the characte-
ristics, marks, or evidences, of a genuine Note of
the Back of England ; a wrong judgment implies,
that without being acquaktfd with the mystic marks
of a genuine Note, they find the prisoner guilty of
passing a Forged Note.
If a Jury agree to find a aeon guilty of passing
a Note, merely because a Bank Inspector says it is
forged, then do the Jury surrender their privilege
and prerogative to the judgment of another man.—
But what is his judgment? It is a mere fudge, for
two reasons : first, because be refuses to toil you on
what it is grounded ; and, secondly, because there
have been instances wherein Inspectors have been
deceived—not by their senses—but by the imperfec-
tion, or total absence, of those mystic marks which
distinguish a good Note from a had one.

A Jury should mokonly bate the testimony of eve
and ear witnesses Orgiiiiszi that a prisoner did
passarepostedFors:. fit they should have
the evidence of their osmispipleor that the note is
actually a Forgery. The MONO lore Is very simple,
for 12 honest men to make
this ground the Juries of the
stand. Let the Bank Inspector
all the marks and secret signs

end, if necessary, let the Jot

these symbnla or characters, to

senses in deciding; then let them

said to be a Forgery with the m
or characters, that a good Nnt
Disk Inspector; and if the

[investigation. It eloOss, scfPW as
morning light: • vt

=seat
Oasts do th

5,11 . ..
' The Courier, after enure slit lent obese of IM
r'ileries who have decided *iibiiiiiiiiiiisiirndobie N.
veld .10 conscience and propriety, toys--," Me say
etpect to hear soon or multiplied forgeries upon the
Bank of England ; fare Ily tie wise conduct of Jerks)
that Corposiste V f ist Bean placed beyond the pre.
tection of The. f , ~.... Tills sppt!t by for the 84sk
alone is most confers's ry sahibs* eidicolorts. Tha
Bank has berriand Still ie sufficiently protected, thoollt
the legal absurdity that gaveadditismai and &moon.

..clusite protection to that powerful body no loam
I
isists. What lobs has the Bank sustained by the nem&
TOSS forgeries %shies itiolelfitgenco of the proper mesas
of prevention, and conrisipt ofrblic interest, has
permitted to multiply t Artioknsit:tha lose this crested
been invorisbly iiilllllB. 'iron View itidiv Muftis and
the Po blic leaw esti 41inatnii. id mid to kta
prised of protegficitii it relents has iliiiinnas it
jodging with certainty et Forgeries, and nine*
sefuses to pay Forged. Notes ?----The .Ssot has
Aad the in its own hands too look. to
insert that it is %khalif protection, whilst k has dm
scans sod the power of avoiding the !Asset and in.

conveniences to shich all other cusses of the coat.
munity are exposed, in conseqseare of the wretched
piper Wcs it his Filmed 'upon tt. is to
talk as fompthly and wiritioly nonseeiical as the
silliestediocate of, staid cause over did We shill
not relit& itvour attention to this imp4rfast subject.
. . ted,
Syme'of the Ministerial Pi pe rs have'aM-rned that
the proposals for the V, neitteliim Loan has totslly
failed, and that not a shit Pace hes as 'et been
subscribed thereto. This is another practical
-*temple of the tendency of the Miuieterisl P.. to
misrepresent and falsify matters of fact, which are
sot to the taste of the prevailing Powers. TOW
Saab 11, that the progress of the Lormilstrarbre aw-
oke of the Government of Veneaneta, folly secords
'with the warmest tropectutions of its promoters. The
:jeslisciiptions op to yesterday afternoon, :mounted to
'"between 13,0001. and 14,0001.; and not the slightest
doubt is entertained, that in the course of a very
few days, the whole of the sum wanted for the pre.
sent occasion will be obtained.

Amongst war Law Intelligence this day will be
found the Report of a Trial, possessing great ia.
west, which occupied the attention of the Coed of
Ring's Bench during the whole of yesterday. It was
as indictment against Me►srs. Filivicu (former.
17 of the opulent house of IP aRN cm and Co.),
Blume, WALSH, and others, for a Conspiracy.--•
The offence was committed in the year 1811, when
the Defendants made a colourable sale of a ship,
named the Pitt, belonging to Fat Not and Co,
to a Spaniard, at Corunna, by which means they
procured a Spanish letter of marque. Having
changed the name of the vessel from the Plte>la tbs
can Juan Baptista, and provided a S►panislt crew
and Commander (the letter being only hired, the
better to effoct their designs), the ship proceeded to
cruise in the English Channel, under Spanish co.
loons, for the purpose of capturing ships, sailing
from French ports, under Britis% licences; BURKE
conceiving that a British licence could give no protec.
lion to the property of enemies of the SpanishCroion, if
sought after by a Spanish force. WALSH was really
the Commaader—and • Danish vessel, called the
Carlotta, wee captured. It was clearly proved that
the Defendants were deeply interested in shit► pre-
tended Spanish vessel, and they were all fo►tnd
Guilty.

•
The French Papers, which are received to the 7th
inst. inform us, that Monday was a very busy dal►
with the French King, inasmuch as he transuded
business with his Ministers for Foreign Affairs, foe
the .Interior, of Marine, and of „bodice. Lord
CASTiEREAGH had also the honour of being pre.
*toted to his MaJesTY, by the British Ambassador,
At* private audience. The French Ministers base
been eo much occupied with their particular labours,
• of the two Chamb,rs,
led for leversl days, nor
be held. The Depotlet
'ursday, the Bth ingtant,
to appoint their De-
ihe Royal Sitting or
which takes place, al
‘morrow, the 10th.--
il State is at present
de Loi relative to the

J

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41kiil'iiiiids, and on Preparatory to the opening o
SthIWAZ e4k. their that no Council had been collet
I Mt- iltOW:itij ry was it known when one will bi
of a geittr4e • .'7 were invited to assemble on To
ry make a r • .. ' r‘.• . • "B,the Palace of the Chamber,
aid their memory ''''''' trim to the King on tl
em compare the . 00,4 .of the Chambers, /
narks, symbols, signs; tws '1496.4.bef0re stated, to.l
.te is known by to i teßtreatiiiivid that the Coonci
14
'
Note ender tumi- occuplea.
.several Projcts 1
'-;
-:,i--
"..11

N‘
111

. • 'IC' .' 1/4.A.k1 . ' ,("z'.... I__-)tt, --1 • , is. ,
.•
. ..._ ,
in, F., AsrATERIWA we-
• .
-------- -- - -- .
• lia. ....17 --"" --- -
Cot property r—that " the pro'. v iMmtbdigkii NI •I; ari," II Indiyeit ti %atilt toi .. ap fit: ICE
.07 STOCKS DAYTHllStudispr. reneiod AT.5.4• 01,4
I, 'CI: 04:.
...ilerri;lOtionoatint,:lattus: ;t,4ll\rsteolvrigeitr:ydercijolibeinigi:
11:41074.7.147:01uir.7dittnnihsruithet '
edging from labour is the mos, sacred of all* fliffflvelly,,.riod' tlandsAlhir -• •
._,,_t . litork Vat
I.- Wr. Kiser r 7Riii
perry ; an"" that property which a man has aeq . •.k. 4 iW' *l'l4 '"ll*.Pr°au°6 4.. "'" 4e .... P gm,' ~i. no. 9004 •f'. . ''' ) cam pro;
by the en, k of his own brindsarpretinpls 70ife?.....iniuceqtakteausenit ,It.:_say.,kii,.7:6igniito4herQu • priiket.:l:4-altailltiliesteetliy
tro4out". •?' ,1......
.....
4r*
wce5t....724:n.01: i_a..7.77.ra - _
_8.......7 _
___..„.._
ailli;rsountoot:ifin:
c.to,nadecesideit:dwiluhnoduelr.4ll.2:::•re.7 the yeti
than that of land" not Sc acquired. • esonglit." He *annipassienatos them a% 6 poor tel t . far Arr. 79ii Oimileer_ esidesce oo the cart . ..kejja4
Whyhas it this superio --....--.................--...........--......... . . ; therefore 11
his a voperinr title, as growing immediately out b "lsithwte3Ttog a lereceiritig only ofglit A
IllOfiibevetralpperty a man has in his own person ; shallop ,It 0f . dikter 4. ebff(fllye et sal.aljtrighti . .
s 1 ill ihnjl.4l4.iiiiiSM-44 N i t°lt . Any Ja r
r
, ins well as because of the ouppnsition that in cons.. fully d? ihaisohe- reapinder confisk *.
„la
.' - Irlyt! °Yes, null- as Well be blind as bare sight,,..
triiiiTe of this labour, in cuntst:tnennelfin to ewbe. toy ''''''s;:."67-aliticts eft kilt, and nppresilost • !deb uraurove;let-i..............i-- ;—-- -iriiiitli wean' be necessary. But hue -Irnnid
.._ - . _ ,
~ , • .:.,,,,,s.e24l,...„;u.ia.,iDA,utt .mmons*T.,,,au: .
,i7ititl,_ ;,, ft
iviofiril 1 i ril
itoh:irß.aliFtikeivt,inj..itieofuidnftog Iconipnett
tafiJteuinrytii:4pl:siseselento
sal:
Mance or purchase. it is more evidently neeneary to era . nitrite to a (3riatias coaritr* and e" of
. ...... ---..- the mioiLoLmanklud.tesolt at this! The
Ili, seheidigle, et the man arid his felony:— - Liberty •;"—WIEIT etpertestiltig i " Ire& . y ZoNvorti— - -- cl--- —. i - cen4o44
pi. Far illustratiag the propositiea, MI there, is no fit fdretiveger sod of suable., who, further •
..,. Inevitable conflation between Repeemettotiels, se in havebeen ejected from the pale' of civil ariciety, '-iisot-
.... • .:
,other words, national sellgeroestoseet end T;Ein. withstendiso they are "MEN of moral, indostriens, , -ewpoe-- .• : -• 1 - tirliktealticee"44' •
losi.,tis scruples, tht oyo.wi
Wang Re have only to, rein ea balmy lodise Bathing, peaceable dispositions:* who " love social °edit J Jai ,
t I Tie bill elreedt taken occasion to !Hurl the a ought,' in ffildrit Fiera thoi,erisict of the Juries at . .s.
A. lathe, above all things prise Liberty, sod teaks. its and detest anarchy, violence, arid replete," 'bolo . i
Infirm
.wf aut. Raiders- to -the Ifiela+. and at. the dth. Sir CIO any Jstryeso emu to fat as to lei -.
,:. preservatitta the object," for .whlek they enter bite wet 44 wish to prey opens ethers, bit to derive, in
,:.14Aciety,” bat who. howl, ode litboir side lookiin honest livelihood froottbele own iadustrinos habil, ;" quintile' lit the 'QUI Esiloy for Forgery.' The conj. a .prisrliter tuilly. Of 'p0544'0444 Noel tiniest...
~,„
stie°rniessi.lbslrehneletrisutlhhelabnr.oWibilliseleeir Peakei,inewPirlftl"doetFheit4r%
idea es Ticamon; i,ti .... Ilnd yet, after a 9 this, ha is ,Ifoe deoylag them deretlettrittiik therireemstanres of these tifials suit.
..
..: • Whence. then, hive Englishmen eo deeply imbibed suffrage, which free 66. saargtre enjoy in tbwfollest jeers insiePeitiiint ofilheir inevitablereeelts, ere It(