The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-09-02 00:00:00

SUPERIOR OLD WINES IN BOTTLE AND

THE WOOD.
RICHARD ABRAM, 26, NORTH JOHN-STREET, under
Me Harrington Chambers, avails himself of the pre-
sent season to offer to his Friends and the Public his very
choice Old PORTS, from Two to Eight Yeas in the Bottle.
Also, SHERRY, in Brown, Amber, and ("old Colour; to-
gether with every other description of WINES.
To be LET, an excellent FAMILY HOUSE, situate in
Fallcner-terrace, Upper Parliament-street. Rent £7O per
annum. (One concern.)

IMPORTANT TO BUYERS OF
WOOLLEN GOODS.

W. AND T. MORRIS

RESPECTFULLY invite the attention of the Public to
their present Immense Stock of WOOLLEN GOODS
suitable for the fall trade, probably the Inrgest ever seen in
this town, and which are now selling at unusually low prices.
From the extent of the Stock, the grest variety of articles
kept—from the low Yorkshire to the finest West of Eng-
land—and from the frequency the Stock is replenished,
Wholesale Buyers, Shippers, &c., will find a decided advan-
tage in making their purchases at this 'Warehouse.
W. and T. M. have been particularly careful in the selec-
tion of their Pilot Cloths, Beavers, &c., and warrant all
their Goods made of Pure Wool, and free from waste or
shoddy.
The present Stock of the following articles is well worthy
the attention of buyers :
BEAVERS, Waterproofed in all Colours.
PILOT CLOTHS, ditto, ditto.

TWEEDS, ditto, ditto.
MILLED SUPERFINE BROADS, ditto, ditto.
FANCY CLOAKINGS, at Reduced Prices.
LADIES' HABIT CLOTHS, in very superior qualities.
DRAB CASSIMERES and FANCY DOESKINS, about
200 Pieces, part of a Bankrupt Stock, full 30 per cent.
under the regular prices.
SATIN, SILK, VELVET, and PLUSH VESTINGS, an
elegant and superior aasortment, and at very low prices.

MORRIS'S WOOLLEN WAREHOUSE,
No. 80, LORD-STREET.

DESSERT FRUITS, &c. &c.:
AT MIDDLEWOOD'S OLD-ESTABLISHED
FAMILY FRUIT WAREHOUSE,
6, PARKER-STREET, CHURCH-STREET.
j MIDDLEWOOD is now supplied with the best se-
t/ • lected Fruits ; his Pines are of the finest flavour ; his
last arrival of Forbidden Fruits and Shaddocks are the Peech
flavour, and the most grateful Fruit imported ; Malta
Oranges, Kent Filberts and Walnuts, English Grapes, with
every choice Fruit in season. French Chrystallised Frnits,
Poetillas, Bonbons, Preserved Ginger, Limes, Shaddock and
Orange Marmalades, Guava Jam, French and Spanish Olives,
India Soy, Curry Powder, Potted Tongue, Ham, and Beef.
Pickles and Sauces in great variety.
J. M. begs respectfully to draw Public attention to the
following :

FAMILY HAIR OIL,
Patronised by Persons of Distinction, and held in the

highest estimation at the Toilet.

It renovates, and produces the finest lustre, even when the
Hair is on the decline or turning gray. It is more nutritious
than other Oils used for the same purpose. Its great utility
renders it of national importance. The testimonials and
kind recommendations of many distinguished personages in
Parliament remove any doubts of its efficacy, and it is the
first and only article for similar use ever sanctioned by Go-
vernment. The increasing demand will meet with every
attention.

The VEGETABLE SOAP is also highly esteemed for its
emolient properties, and has an equal claim to preference.
Sold at is. per square and 10s. per dozen.—Family Oil, in
bottles for the toilet, 7s. 6d; and 10s. ; and pot boxes at 25.,
3s. 6d., and ss. each.
The great utility of the Family Oil was satisfactorily
proved on the 10th of April, 1830, in Parliament, when Mr.
Goulburn, then Chancellor of the Exchequer, was pleased to
grant the protection sought by the Proprietor.
Orders, addressed to the Proprietor, No. 6, Parker-street,
Liverpool, will be duly attended to.

j PRIESTLEY, CHEMIST, Lord-street, begs particu-
-0 • larly to call the attention of his Friends and the Public
to the undermentioned selection of Preparations.
PRIESTLEY'S SEIDLITZ POWDERS.

Which approach nearer than anything yet discovered to
the Chalybeate Waters of Germany. The style of pre-
paring PRIESTLEY'S SEIDLITZ POWDERS is peculiar to
himself, and combines scientific skill with great accu-
racy ' • and though numbers of people unacquainted with
the business, and others, have of late years attempted imita-
tions, they have invariably been found to be spurious com-
pounds, neither possessing the agreeable flavour nor the me-
dicinal properties of the Seidlitz Waters.
Sold in Boxes, 2s. each, containing twenty-four Powders,
to make one dozen tumbler glasses, and in Tin Cases, 10s.
each. The latter are put up in a very eligible form for ex-
portation, or to use at sea, and will keep any length of time
in all climates.
THE FLUID EXTRACT OF SARSAPARILLA.
In this preparation are concentrated all the Medicinal Pro-
perties of Sarsaparilla Root. To pOSons, therefore, who,
from various causes, would experivice great inconvenience,
or with whom it would be utterly blipossible to prepare the
Compound Decoction, the Fluid Extroct, which possesses
the advantages of portability and of keeping in any climate,
will be found a most desirable mode of employing this much
esteemed Medicine.
Two teaspoonsful of the Fluid Extract, put into a wine-
glass full of water, makes a preparation equal in strength to
half a pint of the Compound Decoction, formerly prescribed
by the London, Edinburgh. and Dublin Pharmacopoeias.
The diseases in which it has proved most beneficial are
those of the Skin; such as Scorbutic Affections, Eruptive
Diseases, Secondary Symptoms, &c., arising from a diseased
state of the system at large. For removing Blotches, Pim-
ples, &a. from the Face, this Medicine has no superior.
The extensive use and high reputation of this preparation
has led to numerous imitations, disguised by the name of
Syrup, Essences, &c. The whole medicinal virtues of the
Sarsaparilla consist in its extractive matter, and it possesses
no .real property in the form of essence, while the Syrup is
injurious to the digestive organs by cousin:: acid fermentation,

VEGETABLE HAIR OIL
Is allowed to be an excellent discovery for invigorating and
renovating the human Hair. It eradicates the Scurf, nou-
rishes the Hair, prevents its falling off, produces a mostbeau-
tiful natural curl, and gives to artificial Hair a peculiar soft-
ness of texture and luxuriant appearance. Sold in Bottles
at ls. 3d. and 3s. each.

VEGETABLE TOOTH POWDER.
A pleasant Tonic Tooth Powder, which simply removes all
tartarous incrustations from the enamel ; and by its peculiar
properties preserves that necessary covering.—Sold in Boxes,
2s. 6d.

PRIESTLEY'S FURNITURE PASTE.
For Cleaning and Polishing Furniture without labour or
trouble. This paste is used for cleaning and polishing every
description of furniture, whatever preparation may have been
previously used for that purpose , it adds a high lustre to
French polish.—Sold in Pots at ls. each, or 3 pots for 2s. 6d,

FURNITURE OIL,
Half-pint Bottles Is. , Pint Bottles 1 s. 9d.. Quart Bottles, 3s,
GENUINE METALLIC LUSTRE.
_ .

This article is recommended to Housekeepers for cleaning
all manner of Gold and Silver Plate, Metal Teapots, Pewter
Measures, Brass Fenders, Candlesticks, Stair Rods, Brass
Plates on Doors, Tin Covers, &c. &c.: with half the usual
labour which is generally required with other preparations
the above Lustre leaves a beautiful polish on the Metal. It
will also be found useful in the Stable department, for clean-
ing Brass-mounted Carriage, Gig, or Coach Harness.—Sold
in Squares at 6d. and ls. each.
ESSENTIAL SALT OF LEMONS.
For taking Iron Moulds, Ink Spots, and other Stains, out
of Linen, Muslin, Lace, &c., and for many other useful pur-
Poses.—Price per Box, or three Boxes for 2s. 6d.
MUCHADMIRED ALMOND FLAVOUR.
A few drops of this Flavour added to Custards, Puddings,
Cakes, Wines, Jellies, &c., communicate a most delicious
taste of Almonds.—Sold in Bottles, with Directions, ls. 6d.
and 38.
CONCENTRATED ESSENCE OF JAMAICA GINGER
A teaspoonful may be taken for a dose three times a day
„,,_wLy INVENTED CRYSTALLINE OIL.
_2:121_1 alimpid Vegetable Oil, consolidated by a peculiar
f'01,71711,_,an,4 really is one of the best Preparations ever made
curl, nunng and beautifying the hair, and keeping it in
Phyn ,
Medicine 'gad Surgeons' Prescriptions carefully prepared.
Chemicals. eits fitted up for sea. Genuine Drugs and
An order from •
the, above preparations
residing in the country for any of
der, will meet WitVPns, with a remittance or post-office or-
immediate attention

IMPORTANT TO LADIES.
KEARSLEY'S ORIGINAL WIDOW WELCH'S
. FEMALE PILLS
their strongly oluonniyg
recommended
m rn justlyendecelebrated
to the for
every lacy,llaving obtained the sanction and appro-
peculiar viltue.s, a.re'
of most Gentlemen_ of the Medical Profession, as a
no-
tice of
effectually removing obstruc-
tions,
inconveniences to which the
safe and
dvarleulaiebvilenMg Medicine in
bons, an
which, at an early
frame is liable, especially those
an
exercise and frequentlyge-
arise from wan
female
period of, life,
: they createt
neral debility of the system
and nervousnhaaPpaetite, correct
indigestion, remove giddiness
disorders, pains headache, and are
eminently useful in windy
Palpitation of the heart : beingstomach,
shortness of breath,
andused with safety in all per-
fectly innocent, may be seasons and
climates.
' ion of Dr. Osborne, an eminent
The following is the op in . .
nto Sir Patrick Drum 11,
• and Physician rum 11,
practitioner of Dublin,
In one of his recent lectures,
and the Mercers' Hospital.
• reported in the Dublin Medical
...... Journal, he makes the fol-
lowing remarks on this Medicine
ILL
" THE WIDOW WELCH'S i
D s,—These Pills have an
extensive sale, and are in high andlong-established repute,
, S
tc .min
as an effectual remedy in removing 0
bstructions
lady under y
females. One ofthem was given to a young
same night;
care, with the desired effect following on the
and three other cases came to my knowledge, in which
similar result followed their use."
•
tV7- It is necessary to inform the Public that KEARS-
LEY'S is the only ORIGINAL and GENUINE MEDI-
CINE of this description ever made, and has been prepared
by them for more than FIFTY YEARS !! Purchasers are.
particularly requested to reniark, that, as a testimony of
authenticity, each Bill of Directions contains -an affidavit,
and bears the signature of " C. KEARSLEY," in writing,
and each box is wrapped in white paper.
Sold, 'Wholesale and Retail, by J. Sanger, 150, Oxford-
street, London ; Clay, Fisher, and Blake, Bold-street;
Johnson, Elllison, Thompson, and Rawle, Church-street ;
Priestley, Lord-street ; Dean, Lathbury, and Colquhoun,
Castle-street ; Aspinall, St. James-street ; Titherington, and
Bradford, Oxford-street ; •Bird, Great George-street ; Eg-
gleston, Copperas-hill ; m.Guffie, Oldhall-street ; Owen,
London-road, Liverpool; and by all respectable Medicine
Venders in town and country.

~~

THEATRE-ROYAL.
THIS present FRIDAY EVENING, the 2d instant,
MRS. CLARKE'S BENEFIT,

ou which occasion
MR. MACREADY,
of the Theatre-Royal, Drury-lane, has kindly granted the aid
of his valuable services, and will, for the first time here,
perform his original character of CLAUDE, MELNOTTE, in the
Play of
THE LADY OF LYONS ;
,Positively the only Night of his Appearance.
After which, a new Farce, called
THE WINDMILL.
And a new Farce called
LUCKY STARS; or, The Cobbler of Cripplegate.

EDINBURGH, LEITH, & NEWHAVEN RAILWAY.
QUEEN'S VISIT.
THE DIRECTORS beg to intimate to the Public, that
11 with the view of meeting the demand for conveyance to
and from the Sea-coast on the Day of Her Majesty's Arrival,
and during the Stay of the Royal Fleet in the Forth, they
have resolved to anticipate the Opening of the Line with
Locomotives by Opening, for this occasion, with Carriages
worked by Horses.
On WEDNESDAY first, the 31st current, and until farther
notice, the Trains will Start every Half-hour, from Scotland-
street and Trinity respectively, from Nine o'clock Morning
to Seven o'clock Evening.

A. G. FIELD, Secretary.
Railway Office, 14, St. Andrew-street,
August 27, 1842.

NOTICE TO DEBTORS AND CREDITORS.
TAKE NOTICE, those Persons who are still indebted to
the Estate of the late THOMAS PEARSON, Timber
Merchant, who died August 25th, 1842, are reqfiested within
Twenty-one days from this Notice, to cause the same to be
settled, otherwise legal means will be strictly enforced with-
out further Notice.
And all those to whom the Estate of the late Thomas
Pearson stands indebted, and who may not have sent in
their Demands, are requested by the above notice, under
the pain of forfeiting their Claims, to hand in the same to
Mr. ROGER LEECH, Accountant, South Castle-street, in
order that the same be examined, and, if correct, forthwith
discharged by the surviving Executor, who will not hold
himself responsible for any Claims after the expiration of
this Notice.
THOMAS CASSON, Coach Builder, Bold-street,
Executor to the Estate.
Sept. 2, 1842.. (Errors excepted.)

INSTITUTION FOR THE CURE OF DISEASES
OF THE HEAD, CHEST, STOMACH,
AND BOWELS,
No. 51, ISLINGTON,
BETWEEN CLARE-STREET AND ST. ANNE-STREET.
Attendance EVERY DAY from NINE o'clock.
THE Institution for the Cure of Diseases so general and
important as those of the HEAR, CHEST, STOMACH,
and BOWELS, will be found, among other advantages, to
comprise the following recommendations to extensive notice
and support.
lst.—lt is open every day, for gratuitous advice to the
Poor ; their claims to attention being constituted simply and
at once by the fact that they are labouring under ailments
for the cure of which they seek advice.
2nd,—lt is available to respectable Individuals and Families
of the UPPER and MIDDLE CLASSES, when they require the
services of a regularly educated and authorised Physician.
Accordingly, Advice and Attendance may be had on this
reasonable consideration, namely, that the professional remu-
neration or charge will be on a scale suitable to the circurn-
stances or rank of the patient. This arrangement will meet
the case of those who cannot afford to give the large fees
usually expected to be paid to a Physician.
lair THE INSTITUTION FOR THE CURE OF DISEASES
OF THE HEAD, CHEST, STOMACH, AND BOWELS is open
every day. ADVICE FROM NINE O'CLOCK UNTIL TWELVE
AT NOON. FAMILY ATTENDANCE, AND PATIENTS VISITED
AT THEIR OWN RESIDENCES, AS USUAL.

J. S. THOII.BURNE, M.D., Liverpool.
51, Islington, July, 1842.

STEAM NAVIGATION.

(From yesterday's Times.)
Allusion was made, a very short time back, under this
head, to the discouraging situation of the various projects
connected with steam navigation across the Atlantic, since
they appear to be hastening at an accelerated pace towards
final abandonment and ruin. The refitting of the ominous
" ten-gun" brigs by the admiralty is talked of, to supply the
place of the steam-vessels of the West India Mail Packet
Company ; the Great Western Steam-ship Company, trad-
ing between Bristol and New York, are stated publicly to be
in such pecuniary difficulty as to be compelled to bring the
whole concern to an early close ; and the North American
Mail Company, the only party now left to prosecute the enter-
prise of steam communication with;America, are appealing
to Government and to the trading interest to afford them a
more efficient support, without which they also must throw
up their contract, and that rapid and safe mode of intercourse
be finally relinquished'
It will be quite apparent from the previous history of the
last named company, that they must form the chief depend-
ence of the two countries in this respect, and that if they
cannot succeed none can. It is stated to be composed of
about 30 proprietors only, and to differ from joint stock con-
cerns generally in confiding the whole management to two
individuals, Mr. G. Burns, of Glasgow, and Mr. David
Maciver, of Liverpool, who are the individuals recognized by
Government as the contractors. Though usually termed
" Cunard's line," after Mr. Cunard, of Halifax, that gentle-
man is only one of the general proprietors. On the 4th of
July, 1840, they commenced the first voyage of the contract
service of carrying the American mails, for which the Go-
vernment was under agreement to pay £60,000 per annum,
but within nine months the managing partners made the
mortifying discovery that the undertaking was a losing one,
and that the whole capital they had embarked in it must
be sacrificed unless they could obtain some further
assistance from Government. On the representation they
made, arebearing of the case was permitted, and after a most
rigid investigation into their affairs, in the course of which it
was proved, though they carried a great number of pa ssengers
and light cargo besides, that their receipts could not cover
the expenditure, an addition of £20,000 a year was conse-
quently made to their allowance from the Government.
With this advantage, they were encouraged to struggle on
since that period with this undertaking, but still find, with
their large capital of £300,000, and the intelligence and indus-
try brought to bear its employments, and returns no profit.
These statements are denied, it should be observed. from a
publication at Liverpool, apparently under the influence of
the parties engaged in this undertaking, but there is no reason
for believing that it has given an untrue or an exaggerated
account of their situation, which, if they did, would be easly
exposed and re-act upon themselves, and hence it may be
admitted that the manner in which their appeals is to be dis-
posed of has become a public question.
After making this admission, however, the mode of dealing
with it is by no means rendered so clear by the parties them-
selves as it ought to be in such a case. They advert vaguely
to possible attemps at competition with them, based upon the
wreck of other undertakings, and seek, perhaps too eagerly,
to establish what ought to be self-evident; after the ex-
perience acquired under their own contract, that no under-
taking for steam conveyance across the Atlantic can suc-
ceed, unless united with the service of the Government
in the transport of the mails. Any department of the
Government, to which in regular course their appeal
ougth to be made in a direct manner, would require
some better guide, and demand of the complainants
not only an exposition of the grievances under which they la-
boured, but some specific suggestions of such a remedy as they
themselves feel to be applicable to their situation. If the terms
of their contract are still too low, let them state what ought
to be a matter of no difficulty after the long experience they
have gained, what terms they do require to work the con-
tract with that advantage to themselves to which they are
honouiably entitled, and the question would then speedily
be brought to some issue. The government cannot, and the
public will not, through indolence and inattention to such
matters generally, do anything to keep off that rivalry which
the North American Mail Company seem to dread, and
which, if their position is a sound one, they ought as little
to apprehend as the Bank of England or the East India
Company the puny attempts of Tay petty trading corpora-
tion.

The contract with this company has been impugned on the
ground that it is a monopoly, and bad in principle, and
that the management of such an undertaking should devolve
upon the government itself, at whatever loss, as one
means, among others, of gradually creating an efficient
steam naval force ; but we should prefer leaving this in pri-
vate hands to those of the Admiralty or any other public de-
partment. The dangerous and laborious service in which
they are to be employed secures a supply of vessels of the
best class and upon the best principles ; and, therefore, leav-
ing all other advantages out of the question, we should be
glad, not only to see the North American Company secured
in permanence to the public service, but an attempt made
to re-organise on better principles, and under more prudent
management, that West India Company of which'the ruin is
pronounced to ,be all but certain. To return to the old
vicious system of the West India packets and ten-gun brigs
is a misfortune : to recede from the great project for a com-
munication by steam with America, so long successfully
worked, and to the future success of which the want of
money is the only impediment, is a national disgrace. Fu-
ture improvements in this navigation may render that pro-
fitable hereafter which is not so at present ; but if the chain
is once broken, any attempts of that kind will be without a
motive.

THE POTTERY RIOTS.—Tne Staffordshire Advertiser
has the following estimate of the loss occasioned by the des-
truction of property during the riots in the Potteries :
" We have made some inquiry as to the estimated amount of
damage, but find that accurate estimates have not been pre-
pared. - The following are rough calculations, but will be
very far from the exact amounts when computed. At Mr.
Parker's (Albion House), where the destruction of property
was complete, and where very little property was got away
before the rioters began, and not even the plate was saved,
the loss is estimated at from £4,000 to £5,000. At the Rev.
E. Aitkens's, the loss is estimated at £2,000. Mr. Aitkens
was more fortunate than his neighbour Mr. Parker, as he
was able to secure his own plate, and also the communion
plate, which was in the house at the time. The worthy
clergyman also managed to send away several manuscripts, a
few of his books, and part of his clothes ; and since the des-
truction, some of his books and a few other articles have
been restored. At Mr. Rose's, Penkhull, the loss cannot be
less than from £7OO to £800; and at Mr. Allin's, Great
Fenton, we learn it is something less than £4OO. At Dr.
Vale's, of Longton, where a fine library was partly destroyed
and partly stolen, and where the spoliation of property was
carried as far as possible, and the house greatly injured by
fire and the merciless Impds of the mob, the damage cannot,
we should think, be mnck short of £1,500. Putting these
sums together, and making a proportionate addition for the
various
se doneother atp IMaoor.
s Mason's,desoribed s ttehre' s,
totaland d
damage
thea g
e
in our Mr.
F °rr
last,e
done appears to be about £lo,ooo. The loss will have to be
made good by the hundred.
- -

- -
At the meeting of the Irish Repeal Association, on Mon-
day, Mr. Burke, a working-man, moved the adoption of an
address from the Repegil Board of Trade to the Teetotallers
of Ireland, calling upon them to pledge themselves to use
with but Irish manufactures ; and supported the motion
me statistics. He contended that there were Irish
betweenabsentees resident in Ireland ; for what difference was there
room with English
. a man in Dublin purchasing foreign manufactured
articles sTnhdeya person
(i residing in London doing the same
thing?manyhats ponrettehnedierd
headspatriotscomingnd h
e h
had
do
seen
persons frothin,,
who oui,t. of the mouth, and saying they would
die for Ireland, rlonger condescended to visit them.
There were three m
during the year ; which,
of hats imported into Ireland
employ 18,000 workmen
; if manufactured in Ireland, would
£350,000 a-year. Ever'yasne give wages to the amount of
chant's counter was now a
income ; and while the produce of means till and every mer-
fof draining Ireland of her
by steamers, these vessels come bacicts
the soil was carried away
l freighted gthhtee d
nationalwith
rain manufac-
turedbye
e t o 1 1 a r s with medals,
articles, which served to complete
depriving the people of work.
not a shame to men-
tion,£2ol,ooo bad been expended in Birrningba
that even to supply the Irish T
,;(11,0jihich ought
not to have gone out of the country ? The
:urge,
was car-
.ineoorffer
ried. Mr. O'Connell read a communication from Mr,
suffrage. der
of the Complete Suffrage Association, approving of
of the Repeal Association to unite with that body
to effect their common object—an extension of the

v..Nt \\z'

A CHINESE STORY.

THE LEARNED TAILOR."
(Translated from the Chinese by llf. Stanislas Julien, Mem-
ber of the Institute.)

[The. following narrative, extracted from the judicial
records of China, is interesting, inasmuch as it gives some
curious particulars and details relative to the manners
and character of the people of the " Celestial Empire."]

There formerly resided in the-province of Chan-Yong a
worthy Bachelor of Arts, whose family name was Pang, and
his surname Ing-Fong. He went some time ago in the capi-
tal, for the purpose of taking his degree as licentiate, in com-
pany with his wife Hiu-Chi. On arriving at the gate called
" Si-boa-Men," (the gate of the " Flower of the West,")
they proceeded to the Hotel of Madame Wang. Here he
found, to his great regret, that the examination would not
take place for six months to come ; he was, therefore, di-
sirous of returning home to his family,—but the journey was
a long one, and his funds were exhausted. He was conse-
quently compelled to remain at Pekin until the examination
should take place. His wife (Hiu-Chi) remained all day
long in a room in the first floor, where she occupied her time
in embroidering pillow cases and shoes adorned with flowers ;
she then went out and sold her handicraft, in order thereby
to earn a subsistence for herself and husband.

'` At this period there lodged in the house of a M. Tchou,
situate opposite the hotel of Madame Wang, a certain licen-
tiate possessing the not very euphonous patronymic of Yao-
hong-In. Having repeatedly gazed upon the face of Madame
Hiu (the wife of the candidate for university honours,) the
bloom upon which far eclipsed that of the peach-blossom, he
inquired a few particulars concerning her of Madame Wang,
and asked her to what province she belonged. " She is,"
replied the lady, " the wife of M. Pong, Bachelor of Arts."
" I should like uncommonly," replied Yao, " to, have a few
moments' conversation with her ; could you by any means
procure me an interview with her ?" Madame Wang per-
ceived the secret intentions of Yao, and immediately devised
a stratagem. "I can do much better," she exclaimed,
" than merely procuring you an interview. The worthy
Bachelor of Arts is now rather hard up for cash, and he will
not be sorry to obtain a little by selling his wife !"—" If that
be the case," answered Yao, I leave this affair altogether
in your hands, and I agree beforehand to all the arrange-
ments which you may think proper to make."
Madame Wang, being aware that M. Pong was really in
want of money, and that moreover he was in debt for the
rent of his apartments, immediately went up stairs in order
to see Madame Hiu. She found her seated near her bus
band. "M. Pong !" exclaimed the landlady, " you had
better go to the outside of the southern gate of the palace, as
you may there obtain some profitable employment in writing
placards, &c." " Madame Wang is right," replied his
wife, " pray go there immediately."
Mg-Fong yielded to their entreaties, took a little brush,
and proceeded without delay to the southern gate of the pa-
lace to obtain employment in copying bills and placards.
Soon after his arrival, an officer attached to the Imperial
Observatory stopped Ing-Fong, and asked him whether he
was a calligraphist. Upon his answering in the affirmative,
the officer conducted him to the Imperial Observatory, and ,
presented him to his excellency Li, by whom he was ordered
to go to the eastern gallery and eopy some reports addressed
to the Emperor.
In the evening he returned to his hotel, and exclaimed to
Madame Wang and his wife, " Thanks to your good advice.
I have succeeded in gaining admittance to the Imperial Ob-
servatory, where I am employed in the office of his Excel-
lency Li, as a copier of official documents." Our affairs
are looking up wonderfully," replied Madame Hin to her
husband, " it is now your turn to give some proofs of your
zeal and application." At these words Madame Wang was
transported with joy. "M. Pong," cried she, " his Excel-
lency Li is extremely partial to persons who are assiduous
and hardworking ; if, when you go back to-morrow to your
office. you remain there one whole month without returning
home (!) his Excellency will be filled with esteem for you,
and if, at a future period, you should solicit any employment
you will perhaps obtain it through his extensive influence.
As for your wife, do not be at all uneasy on her account, she
shall continue to reside with me I"

Ing-Fong yielded to these arguments without making the
least opposition. He went away, taking with him his little
boy, and did not re-appear at the hotel of Madame Wang
for several days.
The last-mentioned lady ran without a moment's delay to
the licentiate Yao, and informed him that M. Pong was dis-
posed to sell his wife. Yao could hardly contain himself for
joy, and eagerly inquired what price he demanded. Madame
Wang replied that he only asked 100 ounces of silver (equal
to 750 f., or about £3O sterling I) Yao immediately counted
out the 100 ounces, adding 10 ounces more (equal to 75f.) as
commission money for Madame Wang.
Madame Wang/ then asked Yao to what country he was
about to proceed, in order to fulfil the duties of his new ap-
pointment. He replied, that he had been appointed to the
prefecture of Tchin-Lieou. " M. Pong promises," added
Madame Wang, " that just as you are on the point of embark-
ing, he will send his wife to the boat in a sedan-chair." " I
set out immediately," replied Yao ; " I will therefore wait
for her in the boat, which is now lying in the bay of Tchang."
Madame Wang hereupon summoned some porters, and re-
turned to seek-Madame Hin. " Madame," she exclaimed,
" your husband is employed in the office of his Excellency
Li, who gives him board and lodging, and makes him ex-
ceedingly comfortable. He has just sent some porters to
carry you thither, in order that you may live with him."
Madame Hiu instantly packed up her clothes, and got into
the sedan-chair; which was conducted by Madame Wang
to a boat lying in the bay of Tchang, already mentioned.
Madame Hiu, having got out of the chair, perceived that it
was a Mandarin's boat. She accordingly turned to Madame
Wang, and asked her why she was brought to this place,
when her husband had sent for her to come and live with
him at the Observatory. " Madame," answered the land-
lady, " I must tell you the plain truth. M. Pong, finding
himself in a state of extreme distress, is fearful lest your life
should be made unhappy. He has therefore given you up,
in order that you might become the wife of M. Yao, who is
now prefect of Tchin-Lieou. As that gentleman is not yet
married, he will treat you as a lady of the highest rank.
Could you possibly meet with better luck ? Here is the deed
by virtue of which M. Pong transfers you to another husband
for the ' consideration' of 100 ounces of silver. Look at it,
and you will see that I speak the truth !" Madame Hiu had
not even the courage to glance at this pretended contract, but
lowered her head without uttering a syllable. She was, in
short, compelled to accompany the Prefect Yao to the town
to which he was appointed.
At the expiration of one month the worthy Bachelor of
Arts, M. Pong, returned; and not finding his wife he called
up Madame Wang, and asked her where his beloved Hiu-Chi
was gone. The latter, after first complaining of his unjust
suspicions, replied, "A short time ago you sent hither some
porters with orders to take your wife away, and conduct her
to your new place of residence. You now come and declare
that you have seen nothing of her, for the base purpose of
cheating me out of my rent. Butl am not to be robbed in
this way. No! I will go immediately in quest of the soldiers
belonging to the tribunal (of justice); 1 shall then, at all
events, make sure of your person, and stand some chance of
being paid." Poor Ing-Fong, being unfortunately without
a farthing of money in his pocket, entreated Madame Wang
not to prosecute him, and retired, vainly attempting to stifle
his tears and sobs.
Ing-Fong, six months after this event, being still in a state
of the most abject poverty, applied himself to the study of
the " craft and mystery" of tailoring, and ultimately set up
shop as a " knight of the shears." One day Teng, the secre-
tary to the Tribunal of the Magistracy, was in want of a
tailor. He happened to meet Ing-Fong and took him home
to his house. Ing-Fong had already been employed a fort-
night in making for the secretary a new suit of clothes, when
Tsin-Tsai, a young domestic attached to the office of Teng,
happened by chance to bring the tailor two cakes for his
luncheon. Ing-Fong, perceiving that his son was wrapt in
a profound sleep, kept the two cakes with the intention of
giving him his share when he awoke. Upon Tsin-Tsai, en-
quiring why he did not eat the cakes, Ing-Fong related to
him from beginning to end the dire misfortune which had
befallen him. " Sir," exclaimed Tsin-Tsai, sobbing, " I will
henceforth eat no more cakes, but will keep all that are given
me to appease the hunger of your son." When Tsin-Tsai
returned to the house of his master, he related to Madame
Teng all that he had just heard. Now, it happened curiously
Te enough h that Mw.
f.
eTweanag
awt
rause
ka nativet
hoef
ateheeo
uprovincen ohfy CThaanin
Tsai ; she ordered him to call in the tailor, and stationing
herself behind a screen, requested him to relate the whole
of his story from beginning to end. Ing-Fong related, with
many tears, all the circumstances attending the abduction of
his wife. When he had concluded, she said to him, " Mr.
Bachelor of Arts, you have no occasion to make any more
clothes. Remain in my house until the return of my hus-
band, to whom I will explain your situation, and whom I
will also entreat to procure you a situation." A short time
afterwards, M. Teng re-entered his house. " Sir," said
Madame Teng to him, " This tailor of yours is no common
working man, but a -Bachelor of Arts, of the province of
Cban-Tong, who is waiting to take his degrees as licentiate.
His wife having been stolen away from him, he found him-
self in utter destitution, and learned the trade of a tailor, in
order to earn a scanty subsistence ' • pray, Sir, use your inter-
est in favour of this poor man, who, I would add, is a fellow-
countryman of yours."
M. Teng then called Pong-Ing-Fong, and said to him,
" As you say you are a Bachelor of Arts, have the goodness
to show me your diploma." Ing-Fong drew from his bosom
a little silken bag, from which be took his diploma and pre-
sented it. Teng, seeng that the tailor's story was true,
said to him, " Mr. Bachelor of Arts, your examination
will not take place untill the 4th moon of next year.
Draw up, to-morrow morning, a petition, stating that you
belong to a distant province, and that it is impossiblb for
you to wait until the examination takes place. I will sup-
port the prayer of your petition, and will afterwards endea-
vour to procure you a situation." Ing-Fong followed the
instructions of M. Teng—drew up his petition, and presented
it to the Minister of the Magistracy. Teng immediately got
him appointed assistant prefect of Tchin-Lieon. As soon as
Ing-Fong had received the official intimation of his appoint-
ment, he went to take leave of Madame Wang, his former'
hostess. That lady, having poured forth a volley of con-
gratulations, asked him to what province he was appointed.
Ing-Fong replied, that he was nominated assistant prefect of
Tchin-Leion. On hearing this, Madame Wang was terribly
frightened, and knew not what in the world to do ! " Your
Excellency," exclaimer; she to Pong, " has resided in my
house for several years, and I fear I have been wanting in
respect to your Excellency ! Permit me to present your Ex-
cellency with a robe of blue cloth, and to tie up your Excel-
lency's hair with satin ribands of five different colours. Pray
when does your Excellency set out?" "To-morrow morn-
ing," replied Ing-Fong, who forthwith took his leave and
departed. Madame Wang immediately summoned her little
brother, Wang-Ming-I, and said "Pong, who was a short
time ago merely a Bachelor of Arts, has just ob-
tained a high appointment. Teng, the Secretary to
the Minister of the Majestry, has intrusted him to carry
500 ounces of silver to his family. Run after him—kill him,
and bring me back his head ! We will then divide the
moneylinto three portions, of which you shall take two, and
myself one !" Wang-Ming-I foilowed her advice, and suc-
ceeded, by travelling day and night, in overtaking Pong at I
stoppings
heLmuitalp-oTeff .dslihn igs him,Excellency'saHaltn and
d r!
drawing
nhr
giee
head, when
ew th hisoe
nkPntoihnf
knife. He
knife,
et
providentiallyhwe a
asame
o timeut to
ohuetreoufphoins
ahhaanndd,
oannedd fell a uponm urdtehreougaroiunntedn. t
ioNnV,aanngd-
asked Pong whether,
himself to the vdeunrgienagncheis stori
anyd
indignation
n Pekin,ati
on he
o fa
nhyando ex-
poseddy
Ing-Fong informed him with tears of the conduct of Madame
Wang. Mn acquainted
h
himad
received
from that
return wi tht the
e woman.
He
barba-
rousthen commissioni which
contented himself with cutting off a few tresses
also gave Ming-I the robe
an
pfrroemviotuhselyc.hildT'hsehelaadtt.er Itnogo-k t
,F,
,I? presented him some days
,:biaeg.nhs
and as
v aetsh iaknigs proof
Ireodaonfdmoci carried
oehudegrt,eh
taeirtni
ee
with which Madame Wang
back to Madame Wang.
At these words she
twilhaaesc ltfilreel llsoesdre
sowf
iotAfh rhj toisay, 'haasni ardi dae
xnh
dee
a;
imi s
erdo,b_e
" Thanks to your exer-
tions ! the root of the misfortune is extracted !"
Ing-Fong, meanwhile, proceeded to Tcbin-Lieou ; he had
resided there some months in his new capacity,buwthheanvihnigs
sons happened by chance to enter the house of Prefect Yao!
His wife, on beholding the child, instantly recognised him as
her long-lost son, but she was utterly at a loss to imagine
what had brought him to that part of the country. Yao-
Hong-In in the meantime having prdteopaacrosemcdreeaeasnnp,d partake'lendid
of
ban-
iqtrtkinavdiatmede hiiisiandjwuana placedctand leis A swifeiinstant-Prefect her former
lbehs
recognised in the person of the
husband Pong, she hastily rushed from her place of conceal-
ment, and Ing.Fong having also at the same moment recog_
nized his beloved wife Hiu-Chi, the long divided pair rushed
into each other's arms, shedding oceans of tears. After the

first emotions of joy had subsided, they related by turns all
the incidents that had happened to them since their unfor- 1
tunate separation. The Prefect Yao was so terrified, that he
remained motionless as a statute, without been able to utter
a single ejaculation. The happy pair returned together to
their house, where the mother was once more re-united to
her beloved child. Ing-Fong immediately addressed a com-
plaint to the tribunal of Khai-Fong-Fou. The judge, Pao-
Kong, was highly indignant at the conduct of the Prefect,
and reported the case to the Emperor. He condemned Yao
to work as a slave in the garrison of Wou-lin. Not content
with this, he also despatched two of his myrmidons (rejoic-
ing in the names of Tchang-Long-E and Tchao-Hou) to the
capital, with orders to repair to the gate of the " Flower of
the West." These trusty emissaries seized Madame Wang
and brought her before the tribunal of the angry judge, who,
having examined her, inflicted upon her a condign and sum-
mary, punishment, well worthy of the days of Caliph Haroun
Al Raschid. The judge first caused her to receive 100 stripes
with a bamboo rod, after which he sentenced the wretched
woman to immediate decapitation in the market-place, to the
intense satisfaction of all the inhabitants.

THE MAYOR'S DEFENCE OF THE MANCHESTER
BOROUGH MAGISTRATES.

At a late hour we have received a report of the speech of
Mr. Nield, the mayor of Manchester, at a meeting of the
council of that town, on Wednesday last, in exculpation of
the conduct of the borough magistrates during the recent
disturbances. We should have liked to give this document
entire. We are compelled, however, by the demands upon
our space to restrict ourselves to a few passages.

Mr. Maude was called upon to deal with that case in one
moment ; and he had no information to justify him, as a
magistrate, in taking any other course than the one he did
take. It is said that' Mr. Maude was so stupid that he
allowed the procession to pass through the town without
doing any thing to arrest its progress. What is the fact?
The procession was in the town. Mr. Maude asked what
was their object ? "We wish," said they, "to go to Ste-
venson's-square, to excite a feeling of compassion on our
behalf." Where are you from ?" " From Ashton."
"You/have no business to go to Stevenson's-square, and I
shall not allow you to do so : you must return home by a
certain direction." Now at that very moment the turn-
out at the mills had commenced. The people went home ;
the town was cleared of them. There was no evidence to
show that these were the people who had turned out the
individuals from the mills ; and there was no evidence to
show Mr. Maude that this was not a procession of the very
same character of which he had seen a great many others.
Had Mr. Maude known, what was the fact, that the, mills
in Ashton, Dukinfield, Hyde, Stalybridge, and Oldhani, bad
all been turned out, it would have made a wide difference iu
his proceedings. He knew nothing of the kind. Mr. Maude,
or we, as magistrates, may be told that it was our business
to go to Ashton, Hyde, and all these places. I submit that
if it is in the province of the magistrate to be a police-officer,
that may be so; but I have yet to learn for one that that is
_my duty, and I beg to decline it. (ApplausA.) We were,
as we have stated, in perfect ignorance of all these circum-
stances ; therefore we are not answerable for that which has
occurred at all. (Hear, hear.) It is known to most members
of the council—perhaps not to every one—that on the Tues-
day when this occurred I was in London on business relative
to bills before parliament connected with corporation affairs.
The business which took me to London was concluded on

the Tuesday ; and I arrived in Manchester on the following
morning, by the first railway train from Birmingham.
When 1 arrived at my own house, the first sight which
struck me as unusual was the demolition of the lodge win-
dows at our works. This filled me with astonishment; I
came to inquire the cause, and heard what it was. There-
fore, instead of being allowed an hour's rest, linstantly
ordered a cab, and directed my horse to follow me to the
Town-hall. When I arrived there I found my friend Mr.
Maude was there, with Colonel Wemyss, and Sir Charles
Shaw. We immediately mounted our horses, and put our-
selves at the head of the military. The magistrates
were immediately assembled, and we immediately began to
consider the measures that it was necessary for us to adopt.
The borough magistrates never lost their post : on the Wed-
nesday night I don't recollect any magistrate sleeping at the
York Hotel ; but from Wednesday night to the present time
they have always been sleeping there; and I am not aware
that up to yesterday this post has been left for one hour,
night or day, Sunday or week-day, since the occurrence of
these circumstances. (Applause.) Mr. Beswick's services
have been extremely valuable to the magistrates on this oc-
casion. (Hear, hear.) This local knowledge, not only of
the localities of the town, but of the people with whom he
had to deal, has been of very great advantage to us—(bear,
bear) ;—and I am happy to say that I don't recollect one
single instance in which his information has at all misled us.
(Applause.) But, gentlemen, I will say that although a
force was thus organised of 400 to 500, with their periods of
service varying according to circumstances and relieving
each other, yet these were wholly inadequate to meet what
occurred ; fur, in the out-districts of the borough, bands of
persons were prowling about, partly begging and partly in-
timidating; and we had the most strenuous complaints,
which the force then at our disposal rendered it impossible
for us adequately to meet. The mayor then noticed the
reasons for calling the council together, and spoke highly of
the zeal of the coupcillors.

FASHIONABLE LADY SWIMMERS IN FRANCE

(From a Correspondent of the Morning Post.)

The lingering lionesses (of fashion) occupy public atten-
tion by the display of a new accomplishment, in which they
promise to surpass the greatest masters of the art—this art
being that of swimming ! If you pass betwixt four and six
o'clock before the establishment of cold baths on the Quai
d'Orsay, you behold there the most brilliant equipages of
the fairest leaders of fashion—equipages awaiting the Pari-
sian Naids, whose gambols in the (doubtfully) pure stream
of Father Seine their shouts and laughter do not allow you
to doubt of. Amongst the most celebrated and the most in-
trepid of they fair swimmers are found the pretty blue-
stocking COn2tesse d'Hausse—and the Comtesse de S—,
chief favourites of the river god ; and in right of this protec-
tion, boldly venturing out in the open tide of the river. But
a short time back they had a rival, who outshone them all.
The brilliant Marchioness de C—, who has deserted the
flowery banks of the Seine for the shores of the ocean, where
she dictates the laws of fashion and gives the ton, and is im-
plicitly obeyed by the fair English as well as the browner
French voyageuses. During the whole summer natation
had become the ruling passion of this lovely and eccentric
Marchioness, and had supplanted the love of field sports and
Havannah cigars. Fortunately at Dieppe she is able to in-
dulge in this new all surpassing fancy, and to execute her
exquisite feats and dimly-discerned attitudes on a bolder
scale. At Dieppe, the rendezvous of the most distinguished
society in Europe, instead of bathing machines, little tents
are set up on the beach—the ladies put on, besides close-
fitting jackets, those wash leather unmentionables considered
in England as the insignia of domestic domination, and at-
tended each by a professgr of the art, boldly venture out to
sea. Nothing so startling, when you are out rowing, than to
encounter all at once a lovely Nereid, with the attendant
Triton, breasting the wave! The author of this revolution
of fashion amongst Parisian ladies is becoming daily more
and more popular. His name is Ouarnier. The illustrious
Ouarnier, proprietor of the rendezvous of all young and
pretty women in Paris—professor of natation to venturesome
beauties. This man is decidedly a demi-god on earth—he
enjoys the privilege of beholding exclusively the sports of
I the fairest nymphs of the globe,

When unadorned, adorned the most."
They all seek his approbation, of which the least glance is
the greatest of favours. As I listened on the quay I heard
one lady crying out, "0 M. Ouarnier, tenez moi !" Others,
M. Ouarnier, je me jette ! M. Ouarnier, je fais la Planche !
M. Ouarnier, je fais la Perche !" Such are the piquantes,
exchimations and adjurations that burst out simultaneously
from the voices of 200 syrens, and to which he must answer
as fast as he can—the most obese, black, and stunted mortal
imaginable, but at the same time the most clever, virtuous,
and valiant of master swimmers.

CRICKET.—The match between Sussex (with Fuller Pilch:
and All England, terminated on Wednesday in favour of
Sussex by six runs.

BIGAMY .—The Rev. Stephen Aldhouse, late lecturer at
Allhallows, London, was sentenced to seven years' trans-
portation, at the London Central Criminal Court, for the
crime of bigamy.

CHOLERA.—Several cases of this malignant disease have
just occurred, both in Shields and Newcastle, in not a few
instances they have terminated fatally. The disease, of
course, is traceable to the immense quantities of unripe fruit
everywhere exposed, and the warm weather conjoined.
During the sitting of the Wesleyan Conference in Lon-
don, 53 young ministers were ordained. The Rev. J. Jack-
son retires from the editorship of the Magazine, and is to be
succeeded by the Rev. G. Cubitt, with the Rev. J. S. Stamp,
as assistant. The Centenary Fund has realised £210,000 ;
£BO,OOO of borrowed money on chapels had been paid off,
and the debt of the Missionary Society (£30,000) has been
reduced two-thirds.

BONE-BARGAINS.—A living ass is said to be better than
a dead lion ; but old Cobbett once fancied he could make a
something out of the bones of Tom Paine, which (or some
other person's ?) he brought over from America, and offered
for sale in London. Last week a still more extraordinary
bargain was proposed, by advertisement in the Times news-
paper, viz., the skeleton of Jonathan Wild, for so small a
sum as £5. Surely the author of "Jack Sheppard" would
give twice as much for it by private contract.

The following delicate mode of conveying a hint, which
we copy from one of the Jamaica papers, shows, that in the
way of " politeness," the West Indians may even set an
example to ourselves :—A CARD.—A huge dead dog, whose
body is at present lying on the Parade, near to the Poor-
house, presents his respectful compliments to the Police-
officers, and requests-that his remains may be removed as
speedily as possible, to supersede the necessity of an inquest
being held on him, by the worshipful John Crows.
Tuesday night's Gazette announces that the Queen has
conferred the honour of Knighthood upon Charles George
Young, Esq., Garter Principal King at Arms. It also notifies
that in consideration of the distinguished gallantry displayed
by the 13th Light Infantry during the campaigns in the Bur-
mese empire and Affghanistan, her Majesty has approved of
that Regiment's assuming the title of the 13th or Prnye
Albert's Regiment of Light Infantry, and of its facings being
changed from yellow to blue.
MARRIAGE OF THE CROWN PRINCE OF HANOVER.—
The Hanover Gazette of the 22d ultimo, contains a royal
proclamation, signed " Ernest Augustus," invoking the
blessings of Providence upon the nuptials of the Crown
Prince. "The amiable and elevated qualities of the bride,"
says the proclamation," and the reciprocal cordial attachment
so much at
of the affianced couple, allow us confidently to hope that the
happiness of our beloved son, which we have
heart, is fully secured by this union. May divine Providence
bestow upon this union its choicest blessings. We are
assured that our faithful subjects will unite with as in these
our fervent wishes and prayers."
FOREIGN MEAT.—The season is now at hand when the
preserved meats of Hamburg will be in perfection, and we
may then hope for a good supply of them, being prepared
ourselves, from personal experience, to assert their excellence,
and the probability of their becoming a favourite article here.
Some excellently flavoured meat, received from South
America, has recently been shown here on 'Change, and the
numerous tasters among the merchants generally expressed
their approval of it. Of this we can procure an abundant
quantity, if the preservation of it succeeds so as to bear a
long voyage; for even lightly-salted meats for the continent
are apt to suffer before they reach the dealers here.—
Observer.

The Liverpool steamer has brought advices from Lisbon of
the 22d instant. Prince Frederick of Austria had arrived in
that city in the Bellona frigate, and had set out to visit their
Majesties at Cintra. The address had been carried in the
Chamber of Deputies by the Government, by a majority of
62 votes to 19. The new President had tendered his resig-
nation in consequence of insults he_ had received from ce a
r-
tain of the opposition deputies, but i_tal been appeased
vote of censure upon them by the Ministerial party. The
Spanish slaver lately brought into the Tagus continued to
remain there ; and the Government had informed the
Chamber of Deputies, in answer to an inquiry from one of
the members, that it would not be allowed to sail. The
tariff question remained in statu quo. The treasury was in
application hail great difficulty, and it was reported that an
been made to the British Government for permission to
account of the
postpone the payment of the instalment on
expenses of General Clinton's division.

AFRICAN EMIGRATION TO THE WEST INDIES.

[The following letter, from a gentleman well known in
,his town, appears in the Colonial Gazette of Wednesday
Last :—]

AFRICAN EMIGRATION TO THE WEST INDIES.
To the Editor of the Colonial Gazette.
Blackheath, 6th August, 1842.

Sir,—A pamphlet has lately been published by the Anti-
Slavery Society, containing answers to certain queries re-
specting emigration to the West Indies from the coast of
Africa, circulated by the society among its correspondents.
The gentlemen whose replies are published, with that
spirit which thinketh no evil, charitably suppose that the
advocates of such emigration intend in reality-to re-establish
the slave-trade.

As I have advocated emigration from Africa rather pro-
minently, and have no desire to be considered even by the
reverend correspondents of the Anti-Slavery Society as fa-
vourable to the commencement of a new slave-trade, I send
you the copy of a memorandum on the detail of emigration
which was handed to a member of the West African Com-
mittee, and embodies my views on the subject. I think the
most impartial men will allow that the system recommended
is unlike any slave-trade, ancient or modern.
I remain, Sir, your obedient servant,
MACGREGOR LAIRD.
EMIGRATION FROM AFRICA TO THE WEST INDIES, SUP-
POSING IT CARRIED ON BY H. M. GOVERNMENT.

It is presumed that the inquiries of the West African Com-
mittee have satisfied them—

Ist. That, owing to the unhealthy nature of the African
climate, it is impossible to use European agency to any ex-
tent in Africa; that the agents employed to civilize and in-
struct the Africans there must be of their own race.

2d. That the way to create such an African agency, on a
scale sufficiently great to have any effect on the vast mass of
people in Africa, is to bring numbers of them into contact
with Europeans and civilized men of their own race.
3d. That the British colonies in the West Indies are the
only parts of the world where such a contact can take place
on terms of mutual safety. Consequently,
That a free emigration to and from Africa and those colo-
nies is the natural, the quickest, and the only way to bring
such agency into play.
This emigration being therefore necessary on African
grounds alone, the expense, mode of conducting it, and ca-
pability of the colonies usefully to employ the emigrants so
introduced, are important points to be considered.
As to the expense. It fortunately happens that the ma-
chinery in this country for regulating and conducting such
emigration is in existence and operation, in the shape of the
Emigration Commissioners. It is desirable, on many ac-
counts, that no separate office should be created : no neces-
sity exists for it: if, eventually, the present Commissioners
are overworked, their number can be added to. No expense
need therefore be incurred on that head.
The means of transport at present used are vessels char-
tered by different colonies, consigned to different agents. I
object to this system ; as, though at first view it appears
cheaper, in reality it is much more expensive than if done by
the government ; as being liable to run into abuse from the
competition of agents paid 'per head for the emigrants they
procure their employers ; as creating suspicion and distrust
in the minds of the Africans where they see such a competi-
tion and eagerness to procure them, and thereby preventing
numbers availing themselves of the benefits of emigrating
who would readily embark in a government vessel ; and as,
under the present state of our relations with foreign powers
whose flags are used in the slave-trade, liable to obstruction,
delay, and misrepresentation.
I have recommended the establishment of a steam-commu-
nication, by the government, between the coast of Africa and
the West Indies, and given an estimate of its cost. Its
advantages would be very great, and its cost less than any
other means the government could employ. Its immediate
effect on emigration would be by the quick return of the
vessels to give great confidence to the people, and destroy
the feeling of dread they have of the sea. Incidentally, it
would have a most important effect upon the slave-trade; as
it is probable that if the British government were seen en-
couraging free emigration to their colonies in so decided a
manner, such a panic would be created in Brazil and Cuba,
that not another dollar would be advanced to extend their

plantations or purchase fresh slaves. They are fully aware,
that with abundance of free labour, backed by the wealth of
Great Britain, the colonies of Guiana and Trinidad can meet,
compete, and undersell them in the markets of Europe. In
this view, if the steam-communication were to cost double
what it will do, the money would be well expended.*
The colony receiving the emigrant should pay a certain sum
per mile for the distance he has been brought, towards the
expence of keeping up the steam-vessels; and binding itself
to find such emigrant a free passage back to the place from
whence he came after three years' residence in the colonY•t
At all times, the steamers should be available to emigrants
wishing to return, on payment of the rate per mile paid on
their arrival in the colony. . _ _

As to the capability of the British Colonies to employ use-
fully and profitably a very large addition to their present po-
pulation, a reference to their exports in 1831 and 1840 will
show, that to bring their producing powers up to what they
were ten years ago, will require more emigrants than the
steam-vessels proposed could convey in several years.

IMPORTS FROM THE BRITISH WEST INDIES.
1831. 1840
Sugar Cwts. 4,103,800 .. .
Rum
C0tt0n...... Lbs. 2,401,685 .. 866,157
Pimento.... Lbs. 1,800,355 ..... 999,068
Coffee...... Lbs. 20,130,802
But much more than equalling their former production is re-
quired ; for the consumption' of sugar in this country would
be increased by the reduction of price to at least 300,000
tons, and, by allowing its use in distilleries and breweries, to
500,000 tons per annum • which additional consumption may
all be supplied by our Virest India Colonies. This is irre-
spective of the consumption of Europe; and the statement
is made to show that we have within ourselves the power of
consuming five times as much sugar from the West Indies
as we now do, provided we could pay for it in manufactures.
Our present consumption is paid for chiefly in goods that are
peculiarly of British make, and in which we excel and un-
dersell the world. To show the taste of the Negro popula-
tion in the West Indies. a few of the items are given which
comprize the increase of £1,000,000 sterling in our exports
since 1831.
Value of exports in 1831
Value of exports in 1840
Increase
Principal articles of incresse, viz
Imports for the British West Indies—
Cotton G00d5.... from 21,975,459 yards,
to 58,327,111 „

... £2,500,000
3,500,000
. .. £1,000,000

Increase........ 36,451,641 yards ; Value £555,96
Increase.
• 64,000
• 43,595
• 41,698
▪ 40,081
• 40,000
34,443
• 30,000
▪ 29,000
• 27,198
• 28,000
20,000
17,000
10,000
5,061

Soap and Candles .....
Apparel and Haberdashery
Beer and Ale
Butter and Cheese
Leather Manufactures.
Beef and Pork ...
Hosiery
Machinery
Bacon and Hams
Refined Sugar
Glass Ware .
Earthenware.
Stationery ..
Books

In 1840, we paid the West Indies for 110,000 tons of sugar,
in round numbers, 5j millions sterling; 3 millions were
paid in manufactures, and the remainder to cover freight,
charges, &c. Supposing by introducing free labour we increase
the production of sugar to 500,000 tons, and lower the price
from 495. ld. (the average of 1840) to 255. per hundred
weight, we should pay £12,500,000 per annum to the West
Indies, in manufactures to the extent of £8,000,000 and in
freight, charges, profit, &c., £4,500,000 ; giving employment
to 400,000 tons more shipping, and to thousands of work-
men in this country in all departments.
These results seem visionary ; and if the same calculations
were made regarding any other article of consumption, they
might not be realised ; but sugar is an article of consumption
in this country whose consumption is only limited by price
and fiscal regulations. Reduce the one and remove the other,
and in ten years it will come up to 500,000 tons, and pay at
half the present duty 6,000,000 per annum to the revenue.
I make these statements to show that there is an unlimited
field for the profitable employment of free African emigrants
in our West Indian Colonies ; that we may for years to come
pass through them thousands of Africans, every individual of
whom would reap a direct benefit by his contact with a
clvilized society; who would be welcome to remain and be
adopted into it if he chose, or if he preferred to return to his
native land, would return free of expense, and impart to his
countrymen a portion of the civilization he had acquired, and
and stimulate others to follow his example. '
The commercial advantages would not be confined to the
West Indies : these men, returning to their native country,
would carry back new wants, and the knowledge requisite to
create exchangeable produce to satisfy them ; an increased
trade with Africa itself would be the natural result.
I do not expect difficulty in procuring any amount of emi-
gration from Africa, provided the Home Government is con-
vinced that it should be done on African grounds alone, and
undertake to carry it into effect. From motives of humanity
I recommended the removal of a large portion of the libera-
ted Africans at Sierra Leone : they have certainly the first
claim upon us ; and I cannot contemplate without dread
their position if the Government expenditure is materially
reduced or withdrawn, and they have not the opportunity of
emigrating. Commencing there would also do away with a
great deal of the opposition that is likely to arise at the be-
ginning of such an undertaking, not only from the slave-
trading and slave-holding interest, whose knell it would
sound, but also from well-meaning men, who by some extra-
ordinary process have arrived at the conclusion that a neuro
is better able to appreciate the blessings of Christianity and
the advantages of civilized life in Africa than in the West
Indies. None of these opponents . could object to the Go-
vernment removing these poor people from Sierra Leone to
a better position; as well might they.object to our removing
the starving weavers in Paisley to Canada or Australia. The
first step to take is to send out positive orders to all our set-
tlements on the coast to receive and protect all corners,
supporting them until the steamer is ready to take them to
the West Indies ; this should be made known by our men-
of-war all along the coast, and any one once under the
British flag should never be given up.
I have never seen a part of Africa where, for food and
protection any number of people might not be got : and I am
convinced, when it becomes generally known, the natives
from all parts would flock to oar settlements for embarkation;
always provided that the orders of the Government were
honestly and heartily followed up by their officers.
On their voyage of course their treatment would be regu-
lated by the Emigration Commissioners.
The Governors of such colonies as required emigrants
should from time to time state to the Emigration Commis-
sioners their capacity for receiving and paying for the passage
of the emigrants. Tne steamer on her voyage from Africa
should make the most windward colony, Berbice ; where
orders might always be lying for her, as to what colonies she
might convey the emigrants to.
The emigrants when landed should be at perfect liberty to
choose their employers, and to accept or reject the wages
offered them. The Colonial Government should keep them
for ten days, in order to allow them time to make a deliberate
choice. After that, a test similar to what in England is
called the workhouse test should be used. The Governor
should not interfere at all, even with advice as to their loca-
tion : their countrymen in 'the colony are their natural ad-
visers; and nothing is more injurious to their character as
free men, than suspecting them of incapacity to act for them-
selves, which, apportioning them to particular estates would
imply, however well meant on the part of the Government.
Contracts for twelve months should be encouraged, as
tending to give the emigrant habits of steady and continuous
labour, Forms of such contracts should be fixed by the

* The cost of a monthly communication to and from Sierra
Leone and the West Indies, in steam-vessels capable of car-
rying 1000 emigrants of all ages each voyage, or 1200 yearly,
would be £72,000 per annum, or £6 per head--about equal
to the present rate paid to sailing-vessels. Twelve days
would be the average passage to British Guiana, and seven-
teen or eighteen days back. By the last advises from Sierra
Leone, the ship Superior, a very fast-sailing vessel, had been
out sixty days from Demerara, with returned emigrants;
and the last West India mail brought accounts of the arrival
of the Cleopatra at Trinidad in sixty-two days from Sierra
Leone, having been six weeks becalmed.
The present emigration is going on without any such
stipulation for the return. I consider it essential to the suc-
cess of the whole plan, as a natural and efficient guarantee
that the emigrant shall be well treated by his employers—a
preventive check against over-population and pauperism.

Government. and none be valid except entered into before
and, countersigned by a Stipendary Magistrate.
To every emigrant a parchment promissory-note should
be banded, dated on the day of his arrival in the colony, in
some such form as this—

"Three years after date, we engage to give the bearer a
free passage to Sierra Leone,". &c.
Signed by the Collector of Customs, and Secretary of the
Government, and stamped with the Colonial seal.
On an emigrant's return to Africa, a certificate of his
being a British subject should be handed to him ; and if at
any time afterwards he was enslaved, the enslaver, of what-
ever nation, should be punished as a kidnapper of her Majes-
ty's subjects.
The native chiefs should be encouraged and invited to
visit the west Indies ; and the authorities have power to
order them a free passage in the steamers.
All cases of dispute in which the Negro race are either
plaintiffs or defendants, should he heard and adjudicated by
paid functionaries appointed by the Crown.
The money requisite to pay the expense of emigration
should be raised by general taxation in each colony. All
classes benefit by it—all should pay for it ; and in this way
the emigrant himself would indirectly in three years pay the
expense of his passage.

EMIGRATION FROM AFRICA, SUPPOSING IT CARRIED

ON BY PRIVATE VESSELS.

A reference to the map will show at once the facility with
which vessels with emigrants; on board can be cleared by
British authorities.
Commencing at our first station, the Gambia, the wind
and current for ten months in the year is " down " the coast
to Fernando Po : any vessel taking in emigrants to the North
or West of the followinc, points would not be delayed more
than from three to six days in procuring a clearance from the
custom-house, or officer appointed by the Government for
that purpose.
At Cape Palmas H. M. Cruiser.
At Cape Coast Castle The Governor.
At Fernando Po H. M. Cruiser.
At the Gambia From the Custom-house.

At Sierra Leone . .
These stations are respectively about 350 to 400 miles apart,
and embrace 2,000 miles of coast.
The clearer should muster the emigrants, ascertain the
quality, quantity, and allowance of food and water, the pro-
portion of sexes, their age, description, and country, give to
all an opportunity of expressing their free consent to the
voyage, offer protection and a free return home to any who
are dissatisfied, make out a muster-roll. sign it along with
the commander of the ship, seal and address it to the go-
vernor of the colony to which the vessel is bound, and send
a duplicate to the Custom-house in London ; another mus-
ter-roll, signed by the clearer, would serve for the clearance
of the ship. A standing set of interrogatories might be
framed in this country to be used by the clearer.
It is, presumed that no man could be carried off by force
under such a system ; the clearer having no interest in the
matter, the conveyer being liable to transportation if con-
victed of smuggling any on board after clearing, arid having
no inducement to run any such risk ; the emigrant being a
' free uniudentured man on his arrival in Guiana and Trinidad.