The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-02-25 00:00:00

LAO WO

tliVo

I that thi3 th duty on cant
be continued the more would the difficulties of the
be increased. We ought to beware of such a policy.

. _
B urp By endeavog to avert taxation we bad gained our empire
in the East,llidies, while the western continent bad been lost
to us by a contrary attempt. He addressed some exhorta-
tions and some Latin quotations to Sir Robert Peel, whom he
invited to a liberal policy. _ _

Mr. STANTON defended the manufacturers, but desired
to do justice to the landlords.
Mr. P. STEWART declared thst i❑ the county which he
epr vented the speech and plan of Sir R. Peel had been
►ece.ved with surprise and consternation. He enlarged upon
the existing distress. He contended that personal property
bore as full a proportion of the public burdens as real estate;
for if the landed interest alone paid land-tax, they were
exempt on the other hand from legacy duty. Sir R. Peel,
in 1828, had said, that Britain did not grow corn enough for
her population, though he now tried to maintain that she
was able to raise her own supplies; and Sir J. Grnham's
pamphlet on corn and currency contained a passage recom-
mending a fixed duty, which recommendation might be set
against the present opinions of that right hon. baronet. The
history of all the successive corn laws had proved that the
principle of them was a fraud on the landed interests, and an
injury to the commercial ones; and he would support it no
longer in any shape.
Mr. WonEtiousE, referring to the year 1810, when, as
observed by Mr. Macaulay, a great quantity of corn was im-
ported from the continent of Europe, explained that this was
owing to a special relaxation made in that year by Bonaparte,
to favour a speculation of some of his Marshals. He con-
tended that the landlords bore more than their proportion of
the public burdens. He admitted that wages did not follow
every rise and fall in the price of corn ; but a permanently
high price of corn was productive of a permanently high
rate of wages. He approved of the relaxations intended as
to wheat and oats, for these were the food of man ; but he
did not concur in the proposal to diminish the protection
upon barley.
Dr. BOWRING stated, that the governments engaged in
the Prussian League had expressed themselves willing to
grant some modifications in their tariff if this country would
yield something as to the importation of their minor produce;
further modifications, if England would make a concession
as to the importation of their timber; and still further alter-
ations, if parliament would admit their corn. The principle
now enforced by this motion had gained ground ; it was
supported by yearly increasing numbers in parliament. The
sliding scale of Sir R. Peel imposed higher duties at given
prices than the sliding scales of other states. If corn was to
be taxed at all, home-grown corn ought to be taxed as well
as corn from abroad. The progress of our legislation, he
feared, would depress the agriculturists, and stimulate the
manufacturers of other countries. He enlarged on the present
distress, specifying several employments in which wages are
miserably low. This distress was leading to a demand for
great political changes. The feeling was, that in the House
of Commons there were too few who represented the many.
Mr. BENETT assured the house that thers was a great re-
action in the opinions of the labouring classes on this subject.
They bad become aware that the rates of wages bore a pro-
portion to the prices of wheat. The real object of the anti-
corn-law party was to reduce wages, that they might compete
with the continental manufacturers, but they had not now,
as formerly, the manliness to avow their motive.
Mr. GIBSON rejoiced in the admission now made on all
sides, that no legislation can be justified for the sake of a
particular class. Yet it was for the sake of a particular class
that these laws were maintained ; though that class were re-
markably sensitive in denying it. They talked about inde-
pendence of foreign supplies ; but he bad heard of no country
in any age which failed to get supplies of food when it had
the means of purchasing them. As to the charge of over-
production, he denied that more goods had been manufac-
tured than the manufacturers had a right to expect that they
would sell. The competition of foreign manufacturers na-
turally reduced employment and wages in England; and it
was too hard that the artisan, with wages so reduced, should
not be allowed to get his food at the cheapest rate. It was
said that exports had increased ; but the question was, had
the increase been so great as it would have been without these
laws ? The farmers had no interest in them ; they were im-
posed only for the maintenance of rents. Ile admitted that
anti-corn-law agitation was an evil, but it was an evil caused
by those who maintained these laws, and he thought the anti-
corn-law league were performing a sacred duty. He would
advise farmers to take care how they entered into leases based
upon any such foundation as the proposal of the Right Hon.
Baronet ; for a system could not be permanent which de-
pended upon wrong.
Mr. ESCOTT protested against the mad disturbance of a
system under which so much property had been invested, and
in which so many interests were involved. Was the house
prepared, before the ink of the last agreement for tithe com-
mutation was dry, to rescind the very ground of the contract?
And what were the people to gain, even in cheapness, by the
projects of the gentlemen opposite? Why, within three
weeks from the time when the late ministers were proposing
a fixed duty of Bs., corn was coming into this country at a
duty of Is. Was wheat to be the only article untaxed, when
every other product of this country was protected? In
France bread was 30 per cent. cheaper than in England ; but
then wages were 70 per cent. lower. The manufacturers
owed to the agriculturists what the agriculturists could never
owe to the manufacturers—existence itself. He illustrated
from Roman history the danger of relying on foreign supply.
For his own part, he would stand by the landed, which he
considered to be the English, interest.
Mr. EWART then moved an adjournment of the debate.—
Adjourned.

4701 i OKM ii MIT 14 ti NI

'lit, Alert packet,with the West India mail, fining s advices
from Jamaica to the 19th ult.; Demerara to the 9th, and
Antigua to the 14th. The Jamaica papers confirm the cap-
ture and destruction of the fleet of Carmona, the rebel chief
who had set up his forces against Carthagena. The gallant
conduct of Lieutenant de Conroy, of her Majesty's brig-of-
war Charybdis, who, in repulsing an assault upon an English
merchant-frigate, rendered valuable assistance to the Cartha-
ena cause - led to in the most •

is alit gratifying terms, while,
.s a reward for his courage and bravery, the governor had
:eded, as his prize, the enemy's brig Maroc:llMo. Cannella
was so incensed at the destruction of his tleet, mainly brought
about by the admirable tact of Lieutenant de Coutcy, that
he had, alisurdly enough, declared war against England.
The siege of Carthagena, however, continued from the sub-
urb of Simani ; but as the defence was spiritedly kept up,
and the enemy had but a small supply of ammunition, it was
not expected to last for a long while. The accounts from
Venezuela state that matters were quiet and prosperous
there.

full tit

Demerara at the latest date was in an unsettled state,
owing to the endeavour of the planters to force the labourers
into submission as regards certain rules and regulations
which they had issued for the better working of the estates,
and which they desired should take effect from the first day
of the new year. These rules and regulations, the result of
several meetings of the planters, were framed to reduce the
price of labour in proportion to the market price of produce,
but without the ordinary course of having first consulted the
labourers, or their " headsmen," as the chief among them
are technically termed, and this is the great point in which
the planters appear to have erred. The labourers seem to
have been but little aware that any new rules or regulations
would be attempted to be introduced for the present in the
estates, although they well knew that complaints were made
by the managers of the small profits resulting from the work-
ing of the plantations at the current price of labour, and
they, therefore, were greatly surprised to find, as if by a si-
multaneous movement, the various localities placarded with
these new regulations, which in several cases imposed severe
restrictions, besides the lowering of wages. Among
these were the refusal of employers to allow labourers
to keep stock of any description, the reversion of pro-
visions they cultivated on estates to the original pro-
prietors, when they left or were discharged, and an in-
crease in the period of the day's labour, with a notice
attached to the effect, that forty-eight hours' servitude
after this publiCation would' be' taken as the act of consent
by the labourer to be bound by them. Hence followed a
general " strike," and from the Ist of January up to the
Bth, most of the plantations were abandoned by the labour-
ers, who having had interviews with the Governor on the
attempted enforcement of these rules, refused to return to
their occupation without concessions were made. The Por-
tuguese emigrants alone remained passive and obedient to
the will of the planter. In consequence of this new feature
in the state of affairs, the local press were arduously advo-
cating the cause of their respective patrons, and while the
planters' organ, the Guiana Times,%is sedulously recom-
mending the maintenance of firinness and perseverance in
the enforcement of the new rules and regulations, the Gui-
ana Chronicle urges the necessity of conciliation and tem-
perance by the planters towards the labourers, who are said
to be much disposed to meet their employers in a fair and
equitable reduction, in order to bring matters to a satisfac-
tory conclusion. This resistance by the labourers at the
present period appears to be usifortunate, as the crop was in
a forward and promising condition.
At Trinidad there had also been a reduction in wages,
accompanied by the abolition of allowances, but the manner
in which it had been effected was by the introduction of the
alteration to the immediate notice of the labouring popula-
tion, who were made acquainted with the fact of the neces-
sity of such a proceeding, and who, having readily agreed
to it, were working with a promptitude scarcely to be
expected from their altered circumstances. The canes for
the ensuing crop were looking exceedingly well, but the
past month had been unusally dry, which was not considered
to be conducive to the health and vigour of the young plants.
The Legislature was sitting, but the business was merely of
local interest.
At Barbadoes and at Antigua there also had been:experi-
enced a want of rain, but on the whole the prospects of the
crops were promising. A meeting of the Barbadian mer-
chants had taken place for the twofold object of petitioning
the Legislature to reduce the expenditure of the island by
the partial disbandment of the militia and the police, and to
effect thereby the imposition of a smaller duty on all articles
imported. From the whole of the islands complaints are
made of the dull state of trade, but the sympathizing effect
of the same state of things existing throughout the continent
of Europe does much to allay the fears the colonists would
otherwise entertain. The Royal mail line of packets pro-
mised great advantages to these several localities in the
transmission of merchandise and correspondence.

DISSENTING VIRULENCE AGAINSTTriE CHURCH,
THE MAGISTRACY, AND THE GENTRY.

(From the Nonconformist of Feb. 9,a Dissenting Newspaper)
One is at a loss to understand what is the moral of a national
church. Itneither distinguishes nor unites. It adds no power to
example—it reflects no truth. It is not an association oflike
with like—but a mere conglomeration of anything and every-
thing—homogeneous and heterogeneous. It sets off neither
doctrine nor character—for although its articles are written
in a book, it is not at all necessary that they should be be-
lieved by its members—and although rules for discipline may
be discovered in its canons, they are in all respects, saving
a pecuniary one, as practically obsolete as the curfew-bell of
the Normans. The church is the nation, and the nation is
the church. According to the theory of this precious
scheme, membership depends upon the accidental locality of
birth. It is not particular as to character. Newgate is full
of its members—so is the House of Lords. It receives the
refuse of all other sects. All is fish that comes to its net.
Avowed infidels have communed with it. Gamesters, due-
lers, adulterers, scoffers, the foes of God and the pests of
man, all fraternise in this wonderfully comprehensive eccle-
siastical society. And there they arc mingled together pen-
men, for what conceivable purpose it would puzzle the
most sagacious to divine. The charm song of the establish-
ment is full of charity—
" Black spirits and white, red spirits and gray,
Mingle, mingle, mingle, you that mingle may."
The point blank unscriptural or rather anti-scriptural cha-
racter of this national church, is no less marked a character-
istic of it, than is its pitiful vacancy of all significance. As
nothing more stupidly unmeaning can be conceived, so
nothing more flatly contradictory of Christianity can be de-
After having looked into this ecclesiastical cauldron,
nto which are thrown indiscriminately
" Eye of newt. and toe of frog,
Wool of bat, and tongue of dog,
Adder's fork, and blind worm's sting,
Lizard's leg, and owlet's wing,"
one is amazed at the blindness of Men, who could ever have
mistaken this thing for a Christian church. One is not so
surprised at the prevalence of the mistake amongst those
who never had a Bible in their hands ; but for those who
have, the delusion is unpardonable. What ! is this mere
aggregation of men, without assortment—this fraternisation
of all characters, good, bad, and indifferent—this blending
into one mass, without assimilation, of every variety of moral
material—is this what was meant by the apostle, when he
said, `'Ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, a
holy nation, a peculiar people"—this,:that church of which
Paul said that it was " the pillar and ground of the truth ?"
We will not go further into the subject. We feel reason out-
raged and understanding insulted by the preposterous pre-
tence. Satanic craft could not invent a fouler or more ma-
lignant libel on Christianity. Why, the very world has had
virtue enough to spit upon it with loathing ' • and to give no
equivocal intimations to the priesthood of this lie in the name
of truth, that if this be indeed what it purports to be, then
revelation is but a fable—the clumsy fiction of monks and
priests. One word more and we have done. So long as
those who know better, in assumed or mistaken charity,
choose to recognise this mere worldly association as a church,
and, more fearful of being thought violent than of actually
conniving at a pestilential falsehood, refrain from denouncing
it as an anti-christian imposture, so long must they expect its
continuance and even its growth. From ali ranks, dissenters
are hurrying to join this body, under the persuasion that it
is one branch of Christ's church ; and that if there be some
things in it capable of improvement, it only resembles in this
respect the churches with which they have not been more
familiar. When will our youth be taught, and our congre-
gations told, that a national church is no church at all—that
it has none of the characteristics of a church—none of the
powers of a church—none of the ends for which a church is
constituted? It distinguishes not between the disciples and
the opponents of Christianity. It is the " pillar and ground"
of nothing but a vast hierarchical edifice. It is not associa-
ted goodness, nor meekness, knowledge, faith, nor love. It
is a compulsory association of men in one company, with a
view to their being taxed by one-order of clergy—and the
sooner its real character is made known, the better.
Your parsons, and squires, and magistrates, treble-dyed
with gentlemanly vices, haughty in proportion to their own
contemptible meanness, tyrants without courage, physical
force men with white livers—these, the instigants of church
and king mobs not many years since, the toad-eating sycho-
pants of the nobility, the "things that creep about great
men's heads," these are the true " lower orders"—be they
tory or whig, radical, or chartist. Let them bear this name
henceforth and for ever. It belongs of right to them, and
richly they deserve to enjoy it.

DISAGRUEABLES OF ROYALTY.—When Queen Anne
asked her witty Minister what it would cost to enclose the
three Parks, he replied, " Only three crowns, Madam,"
the crowns, to wit, of the three kingdoms, so tenacoius are
the English of their " rights." Of none are they more
tenacious than of the right of way ; yet they will not give
what they take for themselves. queen Victoria has not
asked to enclose the Parks, but only to walk with others on
Brighton Pier; and her loyal subjects will hardly allow her;
they drive her away with vulgar obtrusiveness. It has been
a complaint against our monarchs of late years, that they
secluded themselves from their beloved people ; but who is
to wonder that the beloved people treat them as they would
the objects of a penny show, and with staring impudence
convert them into a gratuitous exhibition ? The more social
and considerate races of the continent reproach us with not
being able to restrain our insolent curiosity or to consult the
feelings of others ; and the Brighton ladies, who hustle
round the Queen, confirm the reproach. The servility in-
volved in the rudeness' the coarse idolatry of greatness
which makes the starers forget in the Queen the woman and
the lady, does not render it less disgusting. Queen Victoria
has been offered the exclusive use of the Pier for an hour
each day ; but it does credit to her sense and good feeling
that she refuses to let her misbehaving subjects be shut out
on her account. Perhaps that practical rebuke may shame
them into decency.—Spectator.
FRENCH OPINIONS UPON Boz.—The following critique is
from the pea of the noted French critic, M. Jules Janin :
" Amongst the morbid melodramatic tales of the day, which
are greedily devoured, but undigested, by the unwashed of
all countries, there is a large book by one Charles Dickens,
who has written himself into a reputation. Nicholas Nic-
kleby' has been translated here in Paris, by a man of sense
and ability, who we regret to see throwing away his time,
trouble, and talents into such a common sewer of vice, filth,
and iniquity. Imagine a shapeless mass of puerile inven-
tions, in which the horrible, the idiotic, and the fanatic are
wallowing in the mud of an infernal slough of despond.
There you see a set of smirking good folks, who have become
stupid from excess of goodness, and bore you with their
trivial inanities. Next come bounding on, blaspheming in
their course, a grisly, fearful band of rogues, robbers, and
wretches, whose very existence make you shudder. It is the
most nauseous mixture that you could possibly imagine of
warm milk and sour beer, of fresh eggs and putrid meat, of
tattered filthy rags and brocade robes, of sovereigns and
halfpence, of roses and dandelions—street-walkers and peers
of the realm, porters and poets, ruffians and scholars, walk
about arm-in-arm, in the midst of this insupportable cla-
mour. Do you like the smell of stale tobacco-smoke, of
garlic, the taste of onions—do you like steel forks and pew-
ter-pots? If your taste leads you to these things, I would
conscientiously counsel you to sit down and read Charles
Dickens. What a chaos of running sores, loathsome ulcers,
and chaste, sacred virtues! This Charles Dickens has ex-
tracted all the plague spots from Don Guzman d'Alfarache,
all the dreams of Sir Charles Grandison, and thickened them
up into this unsightly block of descriptions. 0, ye chaste
maidens, more or less bashful, who have pored over Walter
Scott's beautiful romances !—O, ye more animated admirers
of ' Don Juan' and Lara r —and 0, ye cnaste enthusiasts
for Clarissa Harlowe !'—hide your blushing cheeks, throw
down your veils before Charles Dickens."

Pfiritt 14 trill/ A4orttohing Oaw th 4 ;orscAgiovi

iitt:taipli of 047 batova, vArtillo the

. , .
who, with or without pretengion,; to the title, calls himself
a gentleman, who would not be ashamed to confess himself,
by card or word of mouth, a tenant of Lambeth, Padding-
ton, Pimlico, or Pentonville ; a gentleman must be supposed,
at least, to live at the \Vest-end ; and, as every gentleman
cannot possibly live in that enviable quarter, gentlemen club
together for a common presentable address, hence the wise
and benevolent institution of clubs. In the centre of the
most fashionable and expensive part of the town, these so-
cieties of communists purchase or erect a splendid palace, and
establish themselves en masse; here they lounge in the drawing
room s,thitten theirnoses against the windows, write their letters
on club paper, seal them with club wax, impressed with the
club seal ; dine, if they have the wherewithal, on the one-
and-ninepenny joint of the day, sip a point of port in soli-
tary dignity, then lighting their cigar, wend their way home,
to a three-pair back in some part of the town never named
to ears polite, where they can be accommodated for seven
shillings a week, attendance inclusive. If you ask where
they live ?—at the Club ; how they live ?—by the carte of
the Club: what are their opinions ?—the opinions of the
Club ; who are the best fellows in the world ?—Tom, Dick,
and Roger, of the Club ; where is the best wine in London
to be had ?—at the Club ; who have the whitest cravats and the
reddest plush breeches in town ?—waiters at the Club ; where
is the best letter paper to he had for the pocketing ?—at the
Club ; the best society ?—at the Club ; what is the best mode
of obtaining terrestrial felicity ?—become a member of the
Club ! All this, however, is to be taken cum grano ; the
Club is a very good place, no better for members of the
wine committee, the dinner committee, the library com-
mittee, and the other committee : these people, who are
usually old soldiers, in the economical sense of the term,
make their own of the Club : the waiters understand
them, the tradesmen understand them, the secretary un-
derstands them : they do whatever they please, and no
ordinary member can do any thing, eat any thing, or
drink any thing but how and as they please. To the
committee the Club is a home, to all others it is only a
place where they are tolerated : the committee are
masters, the members are guests ; the committee are the
decemvirs, the rest the populace ; t.nd although there are
in every club one or two brawling tribunes of the people,
we never could find out that they made anything by their
grumbling agitation. There can be no greater mis-
take than to suppose that, by being balloted for and ad-
mitted, you get into the society there may be in the
sparkling lights, the cheering tire, and the waiters in , red
plush breeches and white cravats, your subscription gives
you the undoubted privilege to enjoy • if you are friend-
less out of.doors, you are equally iriendless in a club,
where, in truth, you are regarded exactly in the ratio of the
number of your friends ; there is no worse place for making
up to or scraping acquaintance with your fellow clubmen ;
there is a pride of repulsion among gentlemen in these soci-
eties, as if they should tell you by their looks, " If you have
no friends, my good fellow, I have; if you want acquaint-
ance, I don't; if you come here to fasten yourself on me,
your membership is no letter of recommendation."—Black-
wood's Magazine: The World of London.

)I)ipptlig intelltanifr.

TUESDAY, FERRUARY 22.—Wind S. light.
ARRlVED.—Minerva, Jefferson, from Cork—Robert Symon, from
Sligo—Adventure, from Donegal—Sarah, Vernoto, and Blair,
Wester, from Dublin—and Henry Williams, Patterson, from Leith.
SAlLED.—Eriduno, Celle, and Eugenio, Rebaeo, for Genoa—
Madonna de Laura, Steneca, for Naples—San Guiseppe, Troferas,
for Ancona—Bruaro. Scotto, for Naples—Hampden, Howes. and
Oregon, Gledson, from New Orleans—Pallas, Langloro, for New-
foundland Chatham, Jennys, for Charleston—Herefordshire,
Lewis, for Amsterdam—Water Lily, Burt, for Yen ice—Bona
Den, Valpy, for St. John's, Newfoundland—Elizabeth Mytton,
Ball. for Naples and Messina—Everato, Walker. for Leghorn—
Boudicea, Rowlands. for Genoa and Leghorn—Arentina Jacoba,
Wyk, for Dordt —Water Lily, Jellard, for Cadiz—Cybele, Jetchet,
for Cadiz and River Plate—Johanna, Handschild, for Bremen—
Thomas Carty. Scott, for Brazils—Elizabeth. Arten, for Newfound-
land—Mary Ann, Hunter, for Constantinople—Cambridge, Bars-
tow, for New York—Sta,lt Berlin,
Gizina. Schur, and Alida Elizabeth, Schur. for Dordt—Belgrave,
Donaldson. for Antigua—Serea, Santos, for Lisbon—Sylphide,
Vian, for Havre—and Corsair, Harland, for New Orleans.

ST. THOMAS, Jan. 26.—The Emulous, Simpson, from Demerara
to Belfast, has put in here leaky, having struck on the Peak of a
Rock, oft' the Island.
Avon, Robinson, and Murray, Clarke, hence at Jamaica
Ann. Green, sailed from Jamaica for Maracaibo I2th Jan.
Sarah Trotman, Brown, hence at Barbadoes

Mary, Freese, hence at St. Thomas
Ironside, Brown, from Newcastle, at ditto
Robert James Haynes, , from St. Thomas, at Laguira
Palestine, Nairn, from Vera Cruz, at ditto
Touch-me-Not, Todd, hence at Leghorn
Diadem, Ross, hence for Bahia, at Kinsale
Victory. Jarvis, hence for Gibraltar, at Kingstown
Oriental, Scott, hence for Beirout, at Beaumaris