The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-11-15 00:00:00

r obtain them formerly

to the market people

third-class carriages to a considerable
the great bulk or the half million of third-class

themselves of the

carried on this rail

,assengers who

y in the course a

the year ar,

rictly the working cla

weavers, masons

bricklayers, carpenter

mechanics

description

me of whom used for

rly to travel by cart

,er on foot

but the greater nu
The fare from Manchester to London by railway
steam-boat, via Hull, is 14s. ; and many of the labou
classes avail themselves of this mode of conveyance, esped
during summer. _ _ _ _ _ _

Le 6

In the case of such a line as the Manchester
there can be little doubt that the railway has been a
advantage to the poorer classes, and it may be ear.,__
the interest of the directors will induce them to afford ever
facility for the developement of an extensive third-clas
traffic. But upon the long lines, which form the main line
of communication with the metropolis, and upon which they
is a great thorough traffic, the case is very different, and th
number of third-class passengers is inconsiderable. Th

whole number, for instance, of third-class passengers carriec
on the London and Birmingham and Grand Junction Rail
%IMAM. between London

Mancl
tha'.n the number carried by the Arbroath and Forfar Ha
way, and not a seventh part of the number carried betwe
Newcastle and North Shields.
Upon these lines it may be questionable whether the in
terest of the proprietors will ever induce them to encourag,
the developement of a large third-class traffic. It is satis
factory, however, to find that there is a growing dispositioi
among railway companies, thus circumstanced, to afford th
accommodation of at least one train a day by which the
poorer classes may be conveyed at reduced fares. It is
stated that the result of the experiment of running a third-
class train upon the London and Birmingham Railway has

and Liverpo

been very satisfactory, the persons who have availed them-
selves of it having beeb, with few exceptions, of a class who
could not have afforded to pay second-class fares ; and it is
expected that the number of this class of passengers will
greatly increase when the advantages to be derived from the
great saving of time are more generally known. It is right,
however, to observe that the advantage to the third-class
passengers in point of time is often not so great as might be
anticipated, where the links of communication are formed
by distinct lines. For instance, third-class passengers from
London to Manchester or Liverpool are detained at Bir-
mingham from three in the afternoon till six next morning.
It is very desirable that,ln such cases, arrangements should

be made for securing to the public the same advantages
which they would have had if the whole line of railway com-
munication had been one undertaking, and under one
manazement.—Times.

MORTALITY OF ENGLAND AND WALES

The quarterly table of the mortality in 114 of the principal
districts of England and Wales has just been published. It
embraces nearly all the large tbwns as well as the more rural
districts, and therefore affords a fair criterion of the rate of
mortality throughout the kingdom. Besides giving the
number of deaths (and the causes of them), registered during
the thirteen weeks previous to the 30th of September, it also
gives the average of deaths in the same quarter of the four
preceding years, and so shows the general and local increase
or decrease in the mortality.
The total number of deaths registered during the quarter
for those 114 principal districts (there are 447 registrars for
all the country) is 39,069, out of a population of 6,534,5n-
_

Exclusive of the metroPoli,;, the number of deaths is 28,050,
out of a population of 4,663,808.
The number registered in the metropolis during the
quarter was 11,019, out of a population (June, 1841) of
1,870,727.
As compared with the average number of deaths in the
same quarter of the four preceding years, 1838, 1839, 1840,
1841, there is an increase in the past quarter of no fewer than
2,471 deaths, the average for those four years having been
36,595, while the deaths in the past quarter have been, as
above stated, 39,069. This includes the metropolis, where
however, there were two deaths in the past quarter less than
the average of the four preceding years ; so that the increase
of 2,474 deaths is to be accounted for in the country. The
increase of population, however, has to be taken into account,
as reducing the proportionate increase of deaths. This
population increases in the town districts about 174 annually,
which would reduce the average of deaths applicable to the
summer of 1842 from 39,069 to 38,208, or 861 deaths less
than those actually recorded. Still, this would leave an in-
crease of deaths upon the quarter of no less than 1,613.

The deaths regi.itered for the 114 districts in the first
quarter of the present year amounted to 44,472. In the
second (or spring) quarter there were 38,190. Thus there
were 879 more deaths in what is called the summer quar-
ter (ending September 30) than there were in the spring
quarter.

The mortality was 2 per cent. greater than the summer
average, which is at the rate of 23 deaths annually in a popu-
lation of 1000. In the last summer quarter, ending Sep-
tember the 30th, the mortality was at the rate of 23.4 an-
nually in 1000—namely, 23.0 in the metropolitan districts,
and 23.6 in the provincial towns.
The following are some of the towns in which the most re-
markable increase of deaths has taken place :—ln Brighton
310, or 70 above the average (240) of four fo:mer years;
Plymouth 343, or 178 upon 165 ; Redruth 288, or 77 upon
201 ; Penzance 283, or 84 upon 199; Clifton 426, or 115 upon
311; Cheltenham 259, or 79 upon 180 ; Liverpool 1956, or
158 upon 1798; Tynemouth 360, or 80 upon 280. The un-
dermentioned towns in the manufacturing districts present
the following results :—ln Kidderminster the number of
deaths in the last quarter was 172, an increase 63 upon 109,
the average of former years ; Dudley

38, or 147 upon 421 ;

Walsall 243, or 91 up-on 152 ; Wol•serhampton 508, or 87
upon 421 ; Nottingham 429, or 71 upon 350 ; Preston 482,

or 73 upon 402; Chorlton 679, or 214 upon 465 ; A
ter 1614, or 191 upon 1423; Bradford 820, or 115 upon 705
Leeds 1133, or 114 upon 1019. At Rochdale, Sheffielc
Huddersfield, Merthyr Tydvil, Newtown, and Wrexham,
the deaths were much under the average of the four preced-
ing years.

The registrars almost universally attribute the increase of
deaths to the prevalence of scarletina and bowel complaints,
in which they include diarrhoea and cholera. The children
have been the chief sufferers. In St. Anne's, Nottingham,
out of the 133 deaths registered, 52 were of children under
one year of age. At Cborlton 28 children died, of whom 23
were children of the working classes. It is amongst the
working classes, the registrar says, that the disease has been
most fatal. The increased mortality at Brighton has been
chiefly amongst young children.
In the metropolis, as has been said, the deaths from all
causes exhibit a decrease of 2 on the average of former
years. The decrease of deaths from epidemic, endemic, and
contagious disorders has been 251. Deaths from smallpox
exhibit a decrease of 251 ; from typhus, of 153. On the
other hand there is an increase of 260 from diarrhoea (total
from this disease 477), and from cholera of 74. In other re-
spects the return from the metropolis presents no striking
features.

THE POPULATION OF FRANCE.—The following is a sta-
tistical and official table of the population of France, since
the year 1700
1700
1762
1784
1789,

19,669,320 1 1820
21,769,163 1826
24,800,000 1831

30,461,875

31,858,937
32,569,223

27,349,003 I 1842
22,107,425 I

33,540,910
34,194,875

The population of 'Paris, according to the census of 1841,
amounts to 912,330; and if the troops of the garrison and
strangers are added, to 1,035,000.

LORD MAYOR'S DAY.—The ceremony on Wednesday
last, in honour of the New Lord Mayor of London, Alder-
man Humphrey, was fully equal to those of previous years.
There was a very numerous company at the banquet at the
Guildhall. Sir Robert Peel replied to the toast of Her
Majesty's Ministers, and thus concluded :—" Gentlemen, as
you have drank the health of Her Majesty's Ministers, and
as I am returning thanks in my capacity as head of the
Government, I shall not be transgressing the rule I have laid
down if I say that I assure you we are not unmindful of the
obligations which office imposes. Many may differ from us
as to the mode in which we effect the object we have in view
—few will differ, I think as to the propriety of those objects.
(Cheers.) Our earnest wish is, to cultivate the relations of
peace, and to extend the inestimable benefits of peace
every manner that is compatible with the honour and
permanent and comprehensive interests of this cfs-
(Cheers.) The object of our policy is to maintain
ished the lustre of the British arms on every
which the appeal to arms becomes indi 8-
penp-'
The object of our policy is to eller—
labour, and to extend the

,uuntr

occasion on

he der

uly
country. (Cheers.) The obje-c"t"o7 Ou'ur Ppolicy to n't‘n
ain-
thin the public credit and that character for public faith
which no country can lose without losing also a great por-
tion of its moral strength (cheers;) and, such being the
objects of our policy, we shall regard it as one of the most
favourable indications of the results of our policy, if we shall
find that the commerce of the city of London, so intimately
connected with all the manufacturing and commercial inter-
ests of the country, shall be in a flourishing state. With
that sincere and earnest wish I conclude by assuring you,
that next to the approbation of our Sovereign and our own
m receive no higher reward, there can be