The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-11-18 00:00:00

O'CONNELL AND THE RADICAL FEED

Sirs—l'm just come from Jones, who, while cutting my hair,
Said, in spite of the dinner—no Daniel was there.
Pray, how did it happen—Great Daniel (M.P.)
Staid so long in the ship that his seat was " MT."
We had Pike and Leviathan, which were just sent us,
And, yet, Dan and his Dens were, each, non est inventus.
Yet, although they are cold, at least so I presume,
They again must come up for friend Daniel and Hume.
Would the Liverpool hearts were to them e'en still colder,
That (whenever they come) they might meet a " cold
_ _

shoulder !" •
But Hume—" out in his reckoning"—who'll comprehend
The world then surely's approaching its end !
But its only when money is on the tapis
That Hame and his memory ever agree.
Would that Dan and his colleague, " Pounds-shillings-and-

pence,
Were out of their reck'ning ten thousand miles henee !

But they say, sirs, that Daniel was in for his tea:
As he slandered your ladies, pray how can this be ?
Be this ever your fate, poor unfortunate Dan!
To receive a " cold shoulder" from every man;
And, instead of your tea, may each Englishman's daughter
Keep you, as you keep the whole land, in hot water ;
When we'll hope that, receiving this chastening rod,
You may turn from man to your Saviour and God;
To whom, turningfor pleasure, or turning from pain,
The chiefest of sinners ne'er seeks Him in vain.;

THE POLYTECHNIC SOCIETY

This society held its monthyly meeting on Tuesday even-
ing, the Bth instant, Mr. Platt (the treasnrer) in the chair.

NEW SAFETY VALVE FOR ENGINE BOILERS.
The Secretary read an interesting letter received from Mr.
MAITLAND, formerly a member of the Polytechnic Society,
and at present residing at Montreal. The following are
extracts :
" Shortly after my arrival in this country, a serious ex-
plosion took place of a steam boiler on a canal high-pressure
boat. The boiler was constructed on the locomotive prin-
ciple. The effect of the explosion took place immediately
behind the tube plate of the fire-box. The boiler had no
appearance that indicated that the explosion had taken place
from scarcity of water. The engineer, in evidence, declared
that he was allowed to carry 851 b., but there is no doubt but
that a much greater pressure than that would be required to
tear the boiler in the manner the Shamrock's was torn. The
boiler was constructed throughout ofa-inch plate. This,
there is no question, is too thin for tube plates. The tubes
were wrought iron. From all the circumstances of the case,
I have no doubt but the boiler exploded from a too great
accumulation of steam, and having either a too small or in-
efficient safety-valve, that did not allow it to blow off. From
this circumstance I was induced to pay some attention to,
and, if possible, to improve, the safety-valve. I send you a
sketch of one which I consider does away with many of the
objections of the present one in use. It is more especially
useful when steam of high pressure is used. If a valve is
constructed to be out of the reach of the engineer—that is,
to be loaded in the box that contains the valve, if the valve
be of any size at all—the weight requires to be enormous,
for a pressure is 15, 20, or 30 lb. per inch. In the valve I
have invented this objection does not hold, as the same
amount of weight will load a 10-inch valve at the same
pressure, as it would load on the old plan a valve of 2 inches
diameter. This is easily seen from an examination of the
sketch. The top valve is shewn 10 inches diameter, and the
lower one 9-k inch ; consequently the area to be loaded is only
a ring 10 inches diameter, and * inch broad.—As the Poly-
technic Society is established for the advancement of science,
I will, if it would be of any service to its members, prepare
a paper on the system of marine engineering in this country.
The boats attain a speed here, with an economy of fuel, that
you have as yet not got at home. A boat was started this
summer on the St. Lawrence, called the Montreal: she is
the fastest in North America, Some engineers visited her
here from the Hudson, and they declared they had nothing
that surpassed her. She is 250 feet long ; breadth, or beam,.
27 feet; depth of hold, 10 feet; diameter of cylinder, 57
inches ; length of stroke, 10 feet ; diameter of wheel, 30 feet,
10 feet long, and depth of float, 2 feet 6; strokes, 21 per
minute; steam, 25 lb. ; speed, 15 miles per hour ! "
Mr. WILLIAM FERNIHOUGH having drawn a large sketch
of the valve above alluded to, proceeded, with much ingenuity
and clearness, to contrast the merits of Mr. Maitland's safety-
valve with those of the valves now in use. This safety-valve
(he observed) is intended principally for marine engines
working with high-pressure steam, (such as the American
steam-boat engines,) or, indeed, for any large high-pressure
engines, in which the difficulty of applying a safety-valve on
the usual construction is well known—arising chiefly from
the large weight required to keep down a valve of only
moderate size against steam of such high pressure as 50 or
60 pounds per inch.
Mr. Maitland's valve consists of a very simple and ingeni-
ous modification of the common equilibrium valve, now well
known and much used among engineers. Steam from the
boiler enters freely a flat chamber, the top and bottom of
which are formed by two valves firmly connected together,
and both opening upwards. NOw, if these two valves be of
equal diameter, the steam pressure above the lower valve
will exactly counterpoise the pressure beneath the upper
valve, consequently the valves will have no tendency to rise,
and no steam will be allowbdlb escape. But if we suppose
the upper yalve to be evellia%4-eighth of an inch the larger
in diameter, the pressurOffeit'will overcome that on the
lower valve, and the t4oliPiis'being connected together,
they will both rise, Etna "a 1 &V the steam rapidly to escape
(upwards through the ililpgiutLfilio;and downwards through
the lower one); and it' is evident that the weight necessary
to load this valve is exceedingly small, viz., just sufficient to

balance the pressure on an area equal to the difference be-
tween the areas of the two 'valves, whilst the valve is as
efficient as a common safety-valve having an area equal to

the sums of the areas of the',tWo valves

The force necessary to keep :this valve down is so small,
that the ordinary lever is dispensed with ; and in place of it,
a weight corresponding to the pressure required is placed
immediately upon the top valve, thus preventing a tendency
to gag or stick from want of attention, and making the ap-
paratus what it really is—pre7eminently a safety-valve.
Mr. FERNIHUHIeS able explanation of this valve was

listened to with great attention, and elicited much applause
at the close. The thanks of the meeting were voted to Mr.
Maitland—the same to be conveyed by him to the Secretary.

CORRECTION OF THE COMPASSES IN IRON SHIPS

Mr. SPENCE read an extract-of a letter addressed to
Messrs. Gray and King, of this town, (opticians, &c.,) by
Captain Charleywood, of the iron steam-frigate Guadaloupe,
built at this port, and now (we believe) in the eervice of the
Mexican government. The letter was dated the 26th of
August last, and the gallant writer states with much gratifi-
cation, that the correction of the compasses by Messrs.
Gray and Co. was so effectual, that he had not found the
slightest inaccuracy in them during the outward voyage, nor
during his several trips in the South American seas. This
is the more gratifying, inasmuch as the vessel is not only
(with the exeeption of the decks) entirely built of iron, but,
moreover, carries one of her two large guns (68-pounders)
aft, and necessarily at no great distance from the binnacle.
The moving of this large gun from side to side when in use,
had but a very slight effect on the compasses at the moment
only. The same effect would be perceptible in any vessel
carrying guns ; so that it may now be safely assumed that
the compass, if properly corrected, a priori, may be relied
upon as maintaining its accuracy, as well in iron as in
wooden ships—a great desideratum, particularly as regards
the future advancement of steam navigation. The. plan
adopted is that of Professor Airey ; but the nautical world is
indebted chiefly to Messrs. Gray and Co. for bringing it by
long study and experiment to a practical and successful re-
sult.

A brief discussion then took place on the spontaneous
combustion of iron under certain circumstances ; also on its
conversion by exposure to salt water, or the flictfon of tube
metal, into plumbago, of which extraordinary mutation of its
particles some interesting explanations yvere given by Mr.
Smith, Mr. Spence, and others. The meeting then separated.

The Reverend Denis Browne, vicar of Santry, has been
promoted by the Lord Lieutenant to the valuable and im-
portant living of Enniscorthy, vacant by the elevation of the
Rev. John Whitbey Stokes, to the Arcbdeaconry of Armagh.
This is in every respect a good appointment, and well calcu-
lated to inspire respect and confidence in the government.
We learn too that the value of the appointment, which was
entirely unsought for, is considerably enhanced by the pe-
culiarly kind and gracious manner in which, by his Excel-
lency's desire, it was communicated to Mr. Browne--
Dublin poper.

CORRESPONDENCE

POST-OFFICE SABBATH DESECRATION

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD

SlR,—Convinced of your readiness to attend to every ap,
peal of justice and humanity, may I hope to offer the follow-
ing considerations to the public, through the medium of your
useful journal? _ . .

Of the many ways in which the objects of the Christian
Sabbath are subverted and negatived, there is one which
seems peculiarly, at the present time, to cry aloud to the
conscience of every Christian for an effort on his part to
bring about a reformation. I allude to the existing arrange-
ments in connection with the sailing of the government
packets between this country and North America. Accord-
ing to the regulations of this port, no provision is made
to prevent their sailing (much less their arriving) on Sun-
days ; thus, too frequently, are numbers of our fellow-
creatures, more particularly clerks in the Post-office, and
the numerous hands connected with the packets, on hoard
and on shore, compelled to labour on the Sabbath day ; not
only depriving them of the privileges which others enjoy in
the use of the means of grace, but actually imposing upon
them an unusual amount of labour, rendering the day to
them (so far from one of rest) the busiest—the most fatiguing
of the seven. It is a lamentable fact, that since the com-
mencement of this year, no fewer than six arrivals and de-
partures of these packets have occurred on that sacred day.
In the same period, the packets have arrived oftener on that
day than on any day in the week. Surely, sir, these things
ought not to be, especially where the remedy is so simple.
Let the sailing days, at Halifax as well as at this port, be
some fixed one in the week (say Friday), and not regulated,
as at present, by the day of the month. By such an arrange-
ment the mails would never, in the ordinary course of things,
become due at either port on a Sunday ; and, surely, so
trifling an alteration could not inconvenience the public.
When the day of sailing hence falls on a Monday, the packets
are detained until the following day, on account of Sunday
being observed as it ought at the London Post-office. Why
then, I ask, should not the same principle of Sabbath ob-
servance be carried out here as in the metropolis?
The evils above described, as attached to the present
system, are not imaginary; no, but real, incalculable, crying
evils. Let us, then, who happily have not our Sabbath's
pilfered frotn us and our God, show that we value these
blessings. Let us not say, "We can do nothing ;" but
rather let every Christian who prizes his Sabbaths, and
knows the worth of an immortal soul, raise his protest
against this criminal, unchristian, and inhuman regulation.
Let memorials on the subject be presented to the legislature ;
and if all who profess to be sincere would act consistently, I
have no doubt this monstrous evil would soon be remedied.

I am, sir

yours very respectfully,
OBSERVANS

November, 1842

PRIESTLEY INFLUENCE

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STA2VD'ARD.

SlR,—Although the buz about the Municipal Election is just
over, yet, I think, a circumstance which took place on the day
of Election of a very peculiar character, in one of the Wards
at the north end of the Town, ought to be made known for
the sake of putting persons on their gaurd, as to the way that
Papists and (professing) Protestants can, (and do) unite for
the sake of attaining to the government of affairs in the Town
Council of this Borough. The circumstance is as follows :
a person who has been, (and if not now) I can't say, a
Romish priest, made himself very busy canvassing, and per-
sonally bringiny up many persons to the Booth, (yea, and
even had the audacity to present the papers of several !) to
vote for the reform candidate, (who happily has been de-
feated.) lam sure, sir, you will agree with me, when I ask
How is it, that he can think of giving the right hand of
fellowship to one, who, according to what he professes
(being a member of the church of England) is taught to
believe that the church of Rome bath erred not only in their
living and. manner of ceremonies, but also in matters of
faith ?"

I remain,

Yours most respectfully,
A CONSTANT READER

SE. Paul's Square,
Liverpool, Nov. 16, 1842

EiNTI-CORN-LAW

MOVEMENT.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD,

SIR,—So we are to have the bail opened here on Friday
night, at the Amphitheatre, by those three worthies, O'Con-
nell, Hume, and Cobden. Pray, is there no one disposed to
demand an apology for the malignant libel uttered against this
place by O'Connell on the last occasion when he thrust his
carcass amongst us? Why is this peaceable town to be dis-
turbed by the presence of the three preripatetic demagogues?
Have they not materials sufficiently inflammatory in Man-
chester to work upon. Mr. Cobden is reported to have made
a fortune of half a million in less than fourteen years, with
an original capital of £5OO only ; this being the fact, what
pretension has that individual to assume the possession of
feelings of compassion and bowels of mercy towards those
artisans, out of whose bones he has ground all his wealth in
so short space of time? Had he realised but a fifth part of
it, and the other 4-sths been distributed in the shape of wages,
the former would have been snore than equal to Ms deserts,
and the latter more than sufficient to have stopped the com-
plaints of the workmen, in a manner too that would have
stultified agitation, and prevented those disgraceful exhibi-
tions of these three buffoons, the Irish mendicant, the Man-
chester man, and the " Sum tottle of the wool." Should the
three (worthy trio, certainly) shew themselves on 'Change, I
do trust that such a burst of indignation will meet Daniel, as
shall teach him the danger of libelling the good sense, the po-
litical honesty, and the respectability of a place where any aid
he may lend to seduce the minds of our worthy classes will
signally fail. They know him.
Thursday Morning. JUSTUS.

THE WARDENSHIP OF THE CINQUE PORTS.-It iS re-
ported in the neighbourhood of Walmer that, as the Queen
desires t. retired residence on the Kentish coast, the Duke of
Wellington purposes to resign his office as Lord Warden of
the Cinque Ports, which will then be offered to, and accepted
by Prince Albert. In this case Walmer Castle will be fitted
up as a Royal residence, and her Majesty will probably reside
there for some weeks or months in the course of the year.—
Britannia.

INCOME TAX.—The following comparison exhibits at one
view the difference between the former property tax, with
the principle of collecting it, and the present :

PRESENT

Incomesunder;C6oexempt. All incomes under £l5O
incomes between :1:60 and wholly exempt.
£l5O subjected to reduced
scale of charge.
Charge imposed. Charge imposed.
In 1798 .10 per cent. 1542. 7d. in the pound, or
1803.... 5 £2 18s. 4d. per cent.
1805.... 61
1806.... 10

Tax payable in respect of Tax payable in respect of
the occupation of land in the occupation of land in
England of the above rates, England of the above rate,
and in Scotland A. and in Scotland at the rate of

Foreigners having money 21d. in the pound.
in the funds exempt from duty All funded property charged
on such property. with duty.
At the rate of 10 per cent. or 2s. in the pound, the produce
of the old tax was at its commencement in 1807, £10,131,344,
and at its termination in 1815, £15,227.500, the increase in
the interval being nearly uniform.

PREVENTION OF SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION AT SEA.
A. letter has just been received at Lloyd's from their agent at
Sydney, addressed to W. Dobson, Esq., enclosing certain
suggestions by a Dr. W. Bland, on the subject of sponta-
neous combustion of wool in ships, and submitting certain
plans for its prevention. The whole is too voluminous for
insertion, but the following will be found to be the substance :
—The doctor suggests as a preventive the use of carbonic acid
gas, as its specific gravity and solubility in atmospheric air,
does not prevent its subsiding in that fluid, and remaining
unmixed, even under extensive exposure to its action. With
regard as to what substance would best afford the supply of
gas required, he states that about 4001bs. of carbonate of lime
in the form of whitening, chalk, the poorer marbles, and lime-
stone, yield about 1801bs. of carbonic acid gas, and more than
sufficient to fill a space of 20,000 cubic feet, or 500 tons by
measurement ; that the admixture of one part of carbonic
acid gas to four of atmospheric air will prevent or extinguish
combustion. The mode of application he advises is, to have
a cask in each hold placed on the keelson, perforated in the
upper third of it, each about an inch in diameter, the lower
two-thirds to be lined internally with lead. Into the head
of each cask a metallic tube of about an inch in diameter to
be fixed, leading from the deck ; the whole length of each
tube to be protected by a strong casing of wood. Each cask
to be provided with the requisite quantity of whitening, and
when required for use pour down by means of the tube the
requisite quantity of sulphuric acid, diluted in the proportion
of about one of the acid to four or five of water, when the
carbonic acid gas would disperse along the vessel, and replace
all atmospheric air.
THE WRECKS AT THE CAPE.—By accounts which have
been circulated this morning in the city, it appears that there
was much exaggeration and misrepresentation in the first de-
scription of the circumstances attending the loss of the tran-
sport ship Waterloo, off the Cape of Good Hope. We refer
principally to the statements, that within half an hour after
the Waterloo struck " she parted in two, and that within an
hour and a half not a vestige was to be seen—she had literally
gone to pieces." This is effectually contradicted by a fact
very material in such a case, that the public sale of the
wreck took place on the 2d of September, five days after the
gale, and realized the sum of £630. The underwriters at
Lloyd's, whose judgment in such matters is not to be im-
pugned, are so far satisfied of the seaworthiness of the vessel,
that they have agreed to settle for the loss at once. The re-
lative position of the Abercrombie Robinson and of the Wa-
terloo is considered, by those conversant with the subject, to
explain sufficiently why one vessel was able to weather the
storm, and to save nearly all on board, while the other was
totally wrecked with so dreadful a loss of life. By the letters
of Captain Young, the commander of the Abercrombie Rain-
son, it appears that he went ashore at half past 3 a. m., on
the 28th of August, at the top of high water, while the Water-
loo did not go ashore till three-quarters past 10 a. m., when,
consequently, it must have been near low water. The Aber-
crombie went ashore with her head on, but the Waterloo
went broadside on, her anchors still holding her, and the ac-
tion of the sea tearing her to pieces. The lamentable loss of
life in the convict ship arose from there being no life boats
on the shore to send to their assistance, and the necessity
which exists in such vessels of keeping the convicts under
hatches to prevent their escape till the last moment. What-
ever imputations, therefore, may attach to the mode in which
the transport service is performed, they do not apply to the
Waterloo.—Times of Wednesday.
CHEAP PORK.—A considerable time ago we (iVercrY
Telegraph) stated, on good authority, the fact of a trade
being carried on in unsound pigs, which were purchased
in
almost every stage of unsoundness and decomposition, in va-
rious markets, and being conveyed to the vicinity of Ban-
bridge, underwent some process which converted them into
pork or bacon sui generis. This traffic, we have good reason
to know, has rather increased than otherwise, owing to the
distemper prevalent among the porcine race in various places
We have heard of an entire pig being purchased for halfra.._
crown, in the county of Tyrone, where the cheapening male„
dy has of late been too frequent. But it has been reserved
for the tariff to bring the trade into full and profitable opera-
tion. Unless we are greatly misinformed, many a savoury
morsel, which has caused our pork-loving neighbours in En-
gland to smack their lips at the admirable Yankee skill in cu-
ring pig's flesh, has, in fact, travelled no farther than from
the banks of Blackwater or 13ann. The following has been
forwarded to us as the copy of a letter found on the cushions
of a car plying between Banbridge and Warrenpoint, from
which two jolly looking personages, in coats peculiarly greasy
had just alighted. We wish John much joy of his dainty.
fare : " Liverpool, Oct. 29, 1812.
" Dear Sir,—We have yours of 20th and note contents.
Your draft of that date (amount £36 4s. id.) has been duly
honoured and paid by us. Nothing could exceed the rapidity
with which your American pork went off at 3d per lb, es-
pecially in Manchester and Stockport. Pray continue the
supply before any blow-up takes place, One of the barrels
was near selling us, from the word ' Riga' being on it instead
of `New York.' Please be careful in this matter, and give us
notice the day before the vessel is to arrive with next supply,
that there may be no mistake or delay in its being conveyed
to our stores. We ask no questions. We remain, yours'&.
near Banbridge,

" - " To Mr
Ireland."

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RATHER REMARICABIIEe 4 14..;:“Wr
t
At a recent meeting of the League in lf1( litiettO.,
Cobden said,—
" An elderly person, having the appearance of a country
gentleman, called on him on Tuesday, and put a paper,
accompanied by a bank note, into his hand, stating, A
landowner, possessed of several farms, subscribes £lOO to
the Anti-corn-law League Fund. It is a money question,
and the money speaks for itself. The subscription shall be
repeated if requisite.' "
It is unfortunate that this gentleman did not give his
name. Anonymous communications are not usually en-
titled to much credit. The story reminds us of the hints we
perceive in a certain periodical which the publishers are so
good as to send us. In the column devoted to correspond-
ents, persons whose names are signified by initials are con-
tinually thanked for presents of baskets of game and dozens
of champagne, with the additional remark, that " such con-
tributions are always acceptable."
Far be it from us to assert that the meals furnished by
these provisions resemble the feast in the " Arabian Nights"
made by the barber's sixth brother at the Barmecide's table,
when he sucked his fingers and praised the flavour of the
roast lamb and pistachio nuts ; but it is necessary to confess,
that if such presents are received, the editor in question is
much more fortunate than his brethren, and that his thanks
have vastly the appearance of hints. To return to Mr.
Cobden : If his " country gentleman " is any thing more
than a vision conjured up by his heated imagination, or a
feeler ingeniously got up by his fellow-leaguers let him
summon his correspondent to his aid at once. "The sub-
scription shall be repeated, if requisite." Requisite! The
word is feeble to express the urgent neeessities of the League.
As well give a starving man a mouthful of bread and a tea-
spoonful of wine, and tell him he shall have more if he needs
it. Requisite! Why, the League has fifty thousand pounds
to raise, and, as all the manufacturers are being ruined,
where the money is to come from no one can conjecture.
We assure the " country gentleman," that the League
requires all the money he can spare to support its ricketty
existence ; that unless cash comes in freely and quickly, its •
last guinea will be expended to put a black border round its
last pamphlet, and to pay Mr. Acland for pronouncing its
funeral oration. Let the " country gentleman" not hesitate,
then, to do all he purposes, and to do it at once. The
League can never require his assistance more urgently.--
Britannia.