The Statesman.
London, England, 1818-12-03 00:00:00

THE STATESMAN;

landlords, but, at the same time, it has universally ,
reduced ,the small tenantry to poverty, and broken-
down the yeomanry of the country into the mass of
common labourers. In France, day labourers, whoti
have no other means of support, are hardly to be
found. The peasant at one time occupies and cul.
tivetes the soil. The lands are divided into small
portions, arid the time which he can spare from his
own spot he gives to his landlord, or to a more ex-
tensive possessor. The peasant is often himself the
proprietor of a few acres ; this is almost universally
the case in the heart of the Pyrenees, and the
bordering country, which extends from Bayonne
to Perpignan, end which, for its fertility and
beauty may be called the Lombardy of France.--
The whole of this fine country is very thickly inha-
bited, and, in no part of the world of the same ex.
tent, are there so many proprietors. In fact, you
would think that the population were formed of no
other description of people, and poverty is hardly
-known amongst them. At St. Seuveur, whilst get.
ting my shoes cleaned in the street, I asked a boy
obo was lookmg on, and whose appearance did not
much differ from the Decrotteur (obsorre, however,
that the French artist is very different from the same
personage with us) why he had not his basket, he
answered, with some appearance of wounded pride.
that he was hot a shoe-boy. How then do you earn
your bread ; you are a proprietor I suppose ? ' Oui,
Monsieur, je suisproprieteum,' was his reply. My
father has eight purnees, or abort, six acres; him.
self end my brothers cultivate them, and when I am
strong enough to work I will assist them.' I will
give you another anecdote, which is not, perhapti
altogether nut of place. When leaving St. Seuveur,
whither I had gone in company with some others,
one of the party who had won a Napoleon was de•
termined to give it to the poor, the intended diatribe.
Lion was made known the evening before our depart'
lure, but no more than two persons presented them•
selves at ten o'clock the nest morning, an old wo.
man and a paralytic man, both incapable of earning
their bread. We were not a little surprised, but, on
enquiry, we found that there were ne other poor in
the town, yet St. Saovear contains, I should think,
1
from five to six hundred inhabitants, and during, the
season for the waters is crowded with strangers. The
benevolent work of Henry IV. has been more thee
accomplished, at least in this part of the country, for
there is hardly a peasant who is not only able to have
his pullet in the pot on Sundae, but on every day of
the week if he pleases. But, it is said, that the minute
division of land nbst reefs the cultivation, the face of
the country is sufficient to show the fallacy of the ob-1
servation. There is no part of France more floarish.
IN; or in a higher state of improvement. Even the
most barren parts of the mountains were accessible to
beaten labour, or at ell capable of making a return,
have been rendered productive. So much for en
objectors Invented by the'rich to give colour to a sys-
te- precaant with calamity to the poor. But even
the large proprietor, for there are happily no great
proprietors here, finds his advantage in the diffusion
Of llielley to seliell this riftlll6li.eireis titer' likallsees.
ere like so mary debentures, productive whilst in
ids pos'essinn, and capable, whenever he pleases,
of being converted into cash, at their full value. 16
is only necessary to have it mentioned in his neigh.
hourhond, that he has three, four, or more acres to
dispose of, and in a few days he is surrounded with
competitors for the purchase. In consequence of
this order of things, and the taus of succession,
which are calculated to ertieud and maintain it, every
one has something. The artisan or little trader sel-
dom depends exclusively upon his profession for a
livelihood, and even the servant girls are commonly
'llble to tring in marriage from eight, ten, or fifteen
hundred francs es a dowry. What a different pic-
ture does the rural population of England exhibit.—
There, not only agriculture, but the arts, the manu-
factures, the professions, all ere engrossed by the
rich, so that the great mass of the People, through
all its classes, have been reduced to a state in which
they find it difficult to exist, and are in fact, et this
I moment, placed beneath the ordinary' condition of
*laves, Ishich in effect they are, and of the worst
kind, although they do not bear the name. If to
the wretched price of labour, and this general limi.
Minn of the ordinary means of subsistence, you take
into consideration the consequences of age, debility,
sickness, the additional encumherance of children,
circumstances, by-the-by. under which the African
finds an alleviation from his master, which the Eng-
lishman does not, cars you be surprised that the
fourth or fifth part of the population of England are
obliged to have recourse to public alms for relief,
and that the Poor Rates amount to more t twelve
millions a year. In France there are no Poor Laws,
and yet there is very little mendicity ; woke those
laws which seem rather framed to aparellte feelings
'of the rich, than to relieve the poor, suspended in
'England, the view would be shocked with the ap.
pearance of a People, in which every fourth man
would be a beggar. Here the human animal is not
broken down by excessive and uninterrupted labour;
his utmost exertions are not extorted; his labour is
neither burdensome nor forced, and whilst engaged
at his work he appears more cheerful than the sitter.
nine Englishman in the midst of his most exhilirating
amusements. The French have their fetes, their
hours, and their days of recreation. The English
have abolished their festivals ; with them the god
`Mammon challenges an exclusive worship, and the
*evil Avarice, for ever crying out 6 work ! work !'
,hardly allows hit wretched slaves a moment of re.
ose of body or mind. They have Abolished the
`Willits ip"order to increase their gains; and now,
Weider to live, theY are often obliged to add the
libtiiiih.to their ether dais of labour.
"Mc% le the realitate of England, at a moment
wiesit'illie dictates to the nations of Europe, and'
WhttiVtibeiwbrid Is filled with astonishment and env*
seib4lfePetation of her great prosperity and power.=
Bet bow can a country be calleffgreat andProspernus.
where are people are in want and starving ? That
' France, as a nation, is richer—that she is Infinitely
happier cannot admit a question—and "thew fit -to
' Chartafifitsd !neither', how great is the diffeience ?
s ,..:rring for this difference, whilst, on one side,
i ' hirrtinuch is doe to the superior liberality of
411 ' feilljust, on the other, make great allow-
inceltse the song continuance of a debasing end bro..
(taliziog system ; hut, however, vie may divide' the
ereficlehcy of those two causes, the fact is, that the
French of the present dry arts) in every thing Oaf-

lit a
iwe'
Vai
an(

respects civilization and the qualities of social life,
as'tnach superior to the English as one nation can be
to another. I was going to say, and, perhaps. it
would not he going lon far, as the English themselves
are to the Hottentots."
Whatever opinion may be formed by our reader as
to this statement-whether some may consider it
high coloured or prejudiced, there are' others, we
know, who will peruse it with attention. It is evi-
dently the work of a man well •killed in the affairs
of both countries. and who looks at the prospects
of England and France with the eye of a Politician
and Philosopher. That he is too partial to the French
character, we believe; bat that he over states the
condition of the Labouring Poor of England, after
what is universalty known and stated by Legislative
Authority, it would, we think, be ridiculous to pre-
tend.

LAW INTELLIGEATE.

ADMI tee. 1.
IN THE CA' .A J EANNE.
This was a clait ip end cargo, the
particulars of I stated by Dr.
ADAMS, on behal The vessel be-
longed to Dunkir tt into Falmouth
by the Hind rev been found et
see, floating, wit rds, and two or
three casks of IN r cargo, washed
out of her. By severe exertion,
the cutter's crew, ler men, amount.
ing in mil to 131 in righting her,
and broight her into Falmouth on the 13th of last
February. The valise of the cargo, which consisted
of wine and brandy, was 30001 and the expences
already incurred. entotritell to 4281., which sum was,
of COUIRP, to be deducted from the net amount to be
allotted for salvage. One cask or barrel of brandy
was afterwards foetid in a barn near the coast, cod
another was also discovered on shore:
Dr. Aftxor.o, for the owners, a3mitted that this
was a case of " derelict," but one that did not come
before the Court under very special circumstances;
and in this view of the case, he thought an allowance
of one-third would be ample. The Learned Counsel
for the salvors entreated the Court to remember, that
the boll and property were picked op in the tern-
pestoons month of February, and at a distance of
24 miles off the Lizard Point : these circumstances,
added to the eery laborious efforts of the salvors,
entitled them, he contended, to more than a moiety
of the value; and when the neavy eepencts incurred
were taken into consideration, and the great number
sarong whom salvage was to be distributed, it was
evident that even such an allotment would be, in fact,
less than a moiety.
Dr. ADAM lt ob.erved, that between the opposite
Counsel and himself there was no diference es to
facts ; the only question at issue bet ween them was
the amount of remuneretien to be made to the sal-
vors. He must at once declare his conviction, that
Abtfratioled etssr shittier abd-obito.fauca was by ow

media to An adequate allowance. The vessel was Ethan-
dotted on the flth, and not discovered until the 13th
of February ; at that time she was riding with her
keel upwards, and a pert of her cargo floated out ;
she had, therefore, been at sea four days in this deg-
Mote' condition : Red, no doubt, in twelve hours
more the whole of her cargo would have been dis.
persed on the sea. The salvage effected by his party
was, therefore, proportionably great. It ought also
to be remembered, that among the salvors were a
King's officer,(laieot. Little, commander of the llind,
and his crew of 40 men,) besides the others employed,
viz. 90 additional bands, for the purpose of raising
her, and towing her into port, which was not achieved
but with We/edible labour. On the whole, he should
coucinde with observing, that the Court would not
exceed the ardent rote of its practice, if it even de-
creed 141v9rs a moiety.
Dr. ARNOLD felt that this was a case visibly dis.

tinguished fr. in wets of the highest merits, in which
the Court hat' rewarded salvors for the absolute risk
of their live*, as well ao for their exertions. With
its permission, he would refer to two or three cases
In point. In that of the Trictrac', a Portuguese slap
(adjudged in 1803), that had been run foul uf br %al
other vessel, and abandoned by her crew, end,
.44
days afterwards, was fallen in with by two of oar
frigates, whom it occupied four days to bring her in;
the valor of the cargo was about 16,0001., and the
Court held that a third was a sufficient salvage. The
Two Brothers, Fortson, 1808. was found at see,
driving before the wind towards the enems's coast
(Jutland); the salvors were eight men and two boys;
the Court gave 7001., which. was only one-fourth.—
_ _

lln the case of the Francis, Passnore, 1809, where
the Woe was 20001. the Court allowed salvors only
6001., which was less than a third. The Eglantine,
in February, 181.2, was found at sea. derelict, by
the Cumberland West Indiaman ; the Court did not
conaider that there was any danger to the salvors
arising from the weather at that time; but that great
merit was doe to' them for. embarking in • vessel, to
bring her into port, that was in so unprotected a
state : the salvors were employed 29 days in working
her to a port: the value of the property on board
was 9,5001. ; the Court decreed only a third, how-
ever.
Dr. ADAMS replied, that the peril in any of the
eases just adduced was not equal to that incurred in
the present instance.
Sir WILLIAM SCOTT remarked, that, in adjudging
all these cases, the Court did not feel itself strictly
bound to adhere to the grant of a moiety in cases of
" derelict." The Court had a right to advert to all
the circumstances under which the salvage had been
effected in giving thoseremuneraiions,and had thought
•proper to abandon the ancient practice. The pre:
sent case was one of " derelict" of an ettretn6l
nature, and of imminent peril. The vessel was found
in en inverted state, her keel upwards, a portion
of her cargo already watched not, and the remainder,
on the point of following. She was fallen in 1,141'1
by a revenue-cutler, ender a complication of pesv+l
oui circumstances, to the month of February, in slimy.
stormy oi/tether, the sea running, very high, and off a
coast of extreme peril, not merely from its natural
difficulties,' bet from the inhospitable character of its
itthabitaitte. It had appeared that one barrel of brandy
*was fend in a barn ;•it ;night he matter of woollier that
a greater part of the cargo had not travelled the same
read. In every voist of view the peril wee mime,

and the exertions of the salvors were at:isthmus
Even after the hull bad being laid up in dock for te.
pairs, there was great !anger of ha falling to piaceat
and destroying the workmen employed on its repara.
Lion. Every merit, therefore, was clearly due i• ;ha
.aallors ; and under all the circumstattees before the
Court, it did not feel disposed to diminish the remit.
aeration anciently assigned in these ca-e% : he, there.
fore, decreed a moiety of the property to the salvors,
es it now stood, i. e. after doductiau of the 4281.
expellees from the false of that prcperty ; for as to
the other expenses, the parties had not given their
appearances as soon at they might have done, and
their amount had become considerable. As to the
cask, of course salvage would follow in the same
proportion. Costa- on all sides to be deducted from
moiety.
.•

POLICE.
MARLBOROUGH STREET.—The inhabitants of Pict
cadilly, resolved to prevent in route the intolerable
nuisance occasioned by the stage-coaches WOK fee
passengers at the Waite Horse Cellar and the GIOSi
cester Coffee-house, have applied to the parish offirera
of St. James's fcrrassistanc.. The proprietors of one
of the Richmond stages, and also of the Wimblednn
stage-coach, were summuned before the Magistrates,
and appeared thereto yesterday. The complaint al.
leged was, that these catches had severally remain+
ed on the road in Piccadilly a longer time that► was
necessary to unload the Itqlsge, fitc.; and that a
scene of tint had been thereby ocwionell among the
barkers. The Megistrates convicted eack of the par.
ties in the penalty of 40s. and costs.
13ow•STREET.—Yesterday two girls, named Field,
one 16 and the other 13 years asp, daughters of si
man in, respectable circumstances, in Duke.street,
Adelphil %ere charged with robbing their father of
wearing apparel. ft appeared that these unhappy
girls were the daughters of Mr. Field by a forme,
wife, who died in January last, and about sus weds
ago he had married another. The eldest left het
father's house the evening of her mother's loners!,
and went to live with her suet, from whom she eloped;
and became a prostitute. The yoongest sister went
too another aunt, from whoe.she went away also, and
turned to the same muse of life. She was 'eked
back, in consequence of a letter she wrote lier father,
when she robbed his house, and lied to the house of}
infamy where her sister was, in Swan-yard. The
younger sister was remanded, and the elder ordered
to be provided for by her father.
lIATTON•GARDEN.—Aan Walker was brought up,
charged on sespicion of stealing a 51. Bank-noter
from her master, Emanuel [fortis, a Jew, residing
at No. 18, Penningtoe.place, Pentonville. The
charge could not be made out and the Prisoner was
discharged; when her mistress preferred a fresh
charge, which was, that when the Prisoner was
starched, • pen-knife of her master's, and a smell
*trip of calico, 'slam six-pence, were f..nd in her
pocket. On this cherge she as committed fog trial.

On Towle), night, about nine o'clock, the family
of M. ((pates, in Hampstead, were thrown into the
greatest alarm, throcigh the absence of Mi.s Kenos,
and her servant. The whole house was searched to
no puirpose, and enquiry was levitated in tine neigh.
bourhood, which proved equally frultlemx it 'filth
one of the servant men, in passing thremtirth. gar.
den, thought he heard a feint cry lasaing from the:
.privy, situated at the end of the gardeo, s coasidet..
able.dittance -from the howse, • hap,
tened to the door, and enquired if there was any
one there ?' Ile was answered by the maid—" For
G,.(l's 'IAN let us out." It appeared that some-
Tillaina had tied a rope to the handle of the door
outside, made it fast, awl so left them, where they
were obliged to remain between three and four
Miss Keates was nearly perished to death from the
cold. The maid servant's sides and arms were quit*
black, by her efforts to force open the door. Mist
Keates is extremely ill, in consequence of it. The
perpetrators of the-unfeeling deed are known.
A pardon bat been received from the Regent for
Wm. Colcomb an Wog. Robsox, condemned to
death at the last Romney Marsh Sessions, for sheep
stealing, on condition of their being traesported for
life; end they hare been removed to the' Retribution
hulk, at Sheerness, till their sentencps are carried
into execution. •

Tomlay eweniog two boys stole a gold seal nut of
the shop window of Mr. Mierh jeaeller, •in the
Strand. They were disturbed by a Gentleman pass-
ing by, when they ran off. The robbery teas effeit-
ed hy "breaking the corner of a square of plate glass,
notwithstanding the whole window is well lighted
with gcs.
An elopement which hes occasioned considerable.
chagrin to the near relatives of the parties, took
-place near Carmarthen, shoot nine o'clock on Thwee..
day evesing,while the mother of the young Lady was
entertaining a party of friends. This circumstance
was not discovered till two howl after it had occorred,
when the mother, accompanied by a Gentleman, a'
friend of the family, set off its pursuit of the fugitives ;,
but mistook their route..
SUlClDE.—Suitclay a young man, named. Edward
Bell, who resided in Paternoster-row, opposite the
watch-house, pet aw etsd to•bis existence, by laangitig
himself. Ue bad been dead 'MO time when he watt
discovered.
• The honest of 'Mr. James Mason, at Stepney, woe
broke into on Monday night, mud robbed *fa great
quantity of wearing apparel.
Fits.—lt should be known, that these' are often
.supposed to proceed from disorders of the stomach,
or the nerves, when in fact they are occasioned by
an excess of the glutinous part of the blood, whirl,
gradually obstrecta the finer passages io the head.—
In this'ease a &nail perpetual blister at the bark.of
thapecki as near es may be to the head, is a sure
remedy, and the only one.
There eras Lately taken up, in a field on the estate
of Sir It.. Lurie, Bari. of .Manwettow, a common
turnip, which measured loneitudinalty three feet five
Welles, and in drconsfereocit thtee feet one inch, and
weighed no lese4han 34 pounds. This extraordinary
turnip was the produte of e, seed (bopped Ly occi-
dent in a field of rota loge, and *ben purled hod
probably not attained ire full growth.

•i. /

LONDON I .IPrilmed ur4 Plibilphed Ayl9. -Lov ~,4e
SI ATIOn Oevics, No. 4,Vialilittry-tcvn.
•

IRALTY COURT, DE
OE OF SHIP LA
im for of shit.
whi briefly
alf ofwite
irk, rtisilinught
Tittle Osit4 having
ith here "upWrirt
'randy !of her
dint dint I
r, assist y9O ntht
I bands, socreeded i