The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-04-26 00:00:00

Several skirmishes having occurred in the county of Ar

magh between the opposing parties, and some lives having
been lost, a truce was agreed upon, and a meeting took place
at the house of a man named Winter, in the village of the
Diamond, by which a Roman Catholic clergyman, on the
one part, and a Protestant gentleman, on the other, bound
themselves, for their respective parties, that peace between
both should be strictly preserved for a period named. The
Protestant gentleman was fired at on his way home, after
having affixed his name to the treaty, and his party was, on
the next day, attacked by above seven hundred of the De-
fenders ; but it is asserted that these " Defenders " were, at
the time, ignorant of the fact that an armistice had been
agreed upon. Thus exasperated, both parties prepared for a
resort to arms—both assembled in large numbers—the one
upon the one hill that overlooked the Diamond, and the
other upon the hill opposite ; each having laid in a large
store of provisions and ammunition, and each being amply
provided with weapons. The battle took place on the 21st
of September, 1795 ; and happily, before very much mischief
was done, although several lives were sacrificed, the parties
were separated by the timely arrival of the military.
Out of this affray—preceded as it undoubtedly was by
many other unhappy quarrels, and a terrible state of insubor-
dination in the county of Armagh—arose the " Orange In-
stitution." For the Protestants of that county, and ulti-
mately of all Ireland, formed themselves into lodges, to which
they gave a name which, ever since, has been dearly cherished
by the one party, and utterly execrated by the other, until,
within a comparatively recent period, the direct interference
of the crown terminated their existence.
According to some reports, the first lodge was formed on
the field where the battle of the Diamond was fought—among
the men who had been actually engaged in it. According to
other accounts, a considerable portion of the routed Defenders
escaping into the county of Tyrone, renewed the system of
aggression there, and it was more immediately for the pur-
pose of resisting this body that the first lodge was formed; a
village called Dian,, on Lord Caledon's estate, in the county
of Tyrone, claiming the " honour" of being the first place of
meeting. This latter is believed to be the more correct ac-
count. The lodge consisted merely of yeomen and a few re-
spectable farmers of the middling rank of life—iittle ima-
gining that it was to be the germ of so numerous and mighty
a body as the " Orange Institution" afterwards became.
The association of United Irishmen had been formed three
or four months previously—in May, 1795. It is, however,
very unlikely that the framers of the first Orange Societies
had originally any view of counteracting the operations of
this body, although in after years they became so efficient for
that purpose, The circumstances of the formation of the
early lodges, and the rank in life of their founders, render it
highly improbable that they would, or indeed could, form a
design so comprehensive.
The institution was found so effective, that it was soon en-
couraged by the gentry of the neighbourhood. In a short
time several lodges were formed, with a regular system of
rules for their guidance. 'They consisted chiefly of persons
in the humble ranks of life ; the rules and ceremonies adopted
were such as were likely to strike the minds of such men,
and were full of mysteries. As none but Protestants were
admitted, and most of these were Presbyterians, the institu-
tion partook considerably of the religious character of that
sect. United in a cause which they believed to be a holy
one, they always commenced and concluded their meeting
with prayer, a custom which continued to be universally ob-
served ever afterwards, though their other rules were of
course modified and altered when the management of the
institution came into the hands of more enlightened men.
Among the nobility and gentry of the north who were the
first to join actively in furthering the interests of the new in-
stitution, were Lords Hertford, Abercorn. Northland, and
Londonderry—and the influential families of the Verners,
Blackers, Richardsons, and Brownlows. The institution
spread rapidly through the whole of the north of Ireland,
and there is at least this fact in favour of its utility at that
time, that the north, from being the most disturbed, became,
and has ever since continued, the most peaceable and thriving
portion of Ireland; and during the subsequent outbreak in
1798 was the only part apparently uninjured by that frightful

convulsion.
In little more than two years the institution extended itself
to the capital. The first lodge formed in Dublin was founded
early in the year 1798. In after times it became, as is well
known, one of the most influential and numerous associations
that ever existed, extending throughout England and Scot-
land, and even into the colonies. The first lodge in England
was formed in 1808, in Manchester. In 1821, the grand
lodge of England removed to London, and held their meet-
ings in the house of Lord Kenyon, in Portman-square; and
in 1836 the number of orangemen in England was stated to
have been between 120,000 and 140,000. Although the Eng-
lish orangemen were governed by similar rules, and had the
same grand master (the Duke of Cumberland), and the same
system of signs and pass-words, there seems to have been
very little unity of action between them and the orangemen
of Ireland, except, perhaps, immediately after their first in-
stitution.* . .
-
- _

The systern of secret signs and pass-words in order to re-
cognise each other whenever they might meet, and the strict
privacy of their meetings, were natural schemes considering
the circumstances of their institution. It has, however,
been much regretted by more enlightened orangemen, that so
much mysticism was ever adopted. It gave rise and proba-
bility to all the stories circulated by their enemies, and ren-
dered them as individuals far less able to confute them.
Without examining particularly the merits or demerits of the
institution, or pronouncing to which most weight is due—the
boasts of orangemen as to their loyalty, liberality, and high
character, or the charges of their enemies as to their bigotry,
cruelty, and intolerance—it must be admitted that nothing
could be more charitable, or breathe a purer or more peaceful
spirit, than their recognised book of rules and regulations.
It is also but fair to add that the society stood the test of two
most scrutinizing parliamentary committees—one of the
Lords, in the year 1825, and the other of the Commons, 1836,
without the slightest imputation being cast upon it which has
any weight with rational men.
The orange society was dissolved in the year 1836. After
the proceedings before a committee of the House of Com-
mons, in consequence of the declared wish of the crown, and
before any act of parliament was passed which could inter-
fere with their proceedings, a meeting of the grand lodge was
summoned, on the 6th April, in that year. After much de-
bate, the question of dissolution was carried by a majority of
92 to 62. It was questioned by some of the lodges whether
the deputed authority of the grand lodge authorised this re-
solution. It was, however, in the end generally acquiesced
in by them all, or. at least, with very few exceptions; and a
society of almost unprecedented magnitude, comprising a very
large proportion of the most wealthy and influential noble-
men and gentlemen in the kingdom, and numbering, we un-

SATURDAY, APRIL 23.—Wind S.E. light.

ARRIVEIY—OsceoIa, Barstow, from New Orleans—Kathleen,
Smith, from Cuba—St. Andrew, Liddle, and Thomas, M'Millan,
Tem Savannah—Constitution, Neile, from Charleston—Shake-
speare, Miner, from New York—Caroline, —, from Marseilles
—Oporto, Smith, from Oporto—and Maria, from Ostend.

SAlLED.—Tamerlane, Morris, for Quebee—Palestine, M`Lean,
for Sincapore—Martha, Steel, for St. Thomas—Phantom, Sanders,
for Constantinople—Vesta, Christie, for Odessa—Mary Queen of
Scots, Riney, for Pernambuco—aud Ann Lockerby, Wightman, for
Calcutta.

Wilsons, Campbell; Mary, Hawkins ; Warringsford, M'Donald,
and Brilliant, Frodsham, hence at Demerara
Messenger, hence at New Orleans
Mary, M'Kenzie ; Jonathan Fell, Tate, and Ann Mondell,
Roberts, hence at Trinidad
Zeno, Sutherland; Coquette, Symonds, and Columbia, Blaney,
hence at Jamaica
Richmond, Kearney, hence at Antigua
Galata, Woolner, hence at Dardanells
Cuthbert Young, Henderson, hence for Calcutta, off Scilly
Concord, Hewitt, hence for Constantinople, off Scilly
Asia, Chambers, hence at Fayal, and sailed 23rd March for New
York
Albion, Gardner, hence for Adra, at Almeira
Marys, hence for Trieste, was spoken 18th March, in lat
47 0
Leipzig, Ritchie, hence for St. Petersburg, at Pentland Frith
Pursuit, Rushmer, hence for Stettin, at ditto
Wave, Meares, hence for Pernau, at ditto
Dee, (steamer) from St. Thomas and Turk's Island, at Havana
Ivanhoe, Simpson, from Newcastle, at Havana
Lee, Brown, sailed from Jamaica for Carthagena 21st Fehruary
Penella, Smardon, from Gibraltar, at Malaga, and sailed 2nd
April for Liverpool
David & John, Micklereid, sailed from Bilboa for Liverpool 11th
April
Alexander Liddle, Henderson, from Ancona, at the Cove
Isaac Newton, Spalding, from Mobile, off ditto
Jamaica, Selkirk, from Hamburg for Liverpool, off Deal
Kestrel, —, was to sail from Lima for Liverpool 3rd January
Scipio, —, sailed from Laguna for Cork 26th February
LAGUNA, March I.—The Heroine, Jeatt, was wrecked 21st Feb.
on the east end of our island. Crew and materials saved
AYR, APRI L 18.—The Hope, Douglas, of Liverpool, has put back
to repair, having been on shore on the Coast of Cantyre, and
obliged to throw half her cargo (coals) overboard
PAYAL, April 15.—The Olive & Eliza, Marshall, from St. Joseph
for Liverpool, arrived here 19th March, with the cargo (cotton) on
fire, having been struck by lightning, and was towed round to
Porto Pino, the following day; she has since struck the ground,
and knocked off her rudder and false keel; 100 bales of cotton are
considerably damaged, and the remainder are nearly all landed in
a wet state. She was put up to auction ist April, but withdrawn,
and is now refitting, under another master, to reload her cargo.

SUNDAY, APRIL 24.—Wind S.S.W.
ARRIVED. —lsaac Newton, Spalding, from Mobile.
SAlLED.—Patriot, Nicholas, for Malta—Jacobina, Bontekoe, for
Groningen—Agnes Gilmour, Mackie, for New York—Frances, Del-
pierre, for Gstend—Arethusa, Baxter, for St. Petersburg—Perse-
verance, Laine, for Trieste—Hoppet, Humble, for Wyborg—Alecto,
Ayshford, for Jamaica—Alice Jane, Bleasdale, for Vera Cruz—
Rosebud, M'Cormick, for Riga—Princess Royal, Reid, for Rio
Janeiro—lndustrie, Zellein, and Palmyra, Schreyenberg, for Ostend
—and Charles, Rickmers, ior Bruges.

Minerva, -, from Savannah, off Cape Clear
Superior, Louttit, hence for St. Petersburg, at Tobermory
Camoens, Fanner; Kelsick Wood, Brown, and John Horrocks,
Bond, hence at Berbice
Mary, Kenny, sailed from Matanzas for Liverpool 13th March
Nautilus, for Liverpool, was spoken 22nd Feb. in fat. 1 N, long.
21 W
Athens, -, from Liverpool for Havana, was spoken 25th
March, in lat. 28, long. 43

MONDAY, APRIL 25.—Wind S.S.E.

ARRIVED.—Ann, Lums'clen, from Laguna—Clutha, —, from
Savannah—Sisters, —, from Nassau—Don, Vautier, from Jer-
sey—Chase, Billows, from Alexandria—Enterprise, Smart, from
Marseilles—Bertha, Zaag, from Stcttin—Doris, James, and Gra-
titude, Davies, from London—Hero, Patrick, from Cork—Clifton,
Lewis, from Dundalk—and Cato, Fisher, from Salcombe.
SAILED.—Tom Roberts, Samuels, for Riga—Gondolfo, Culotto,
for Palermo—Annetta, Mieali, for Naples, &c.—Margaret, England,
and Trajado, Scopori, for Ancona—and Galladovia, Rae, for Ma-
deira and Africa.

Monarch, from St. Lucia, at Kingstown
Douglastown, Leitch, from Marseilles, off Crookhaven
Essex, Rice, from St. Michael's, ditto
Pet, Bulkeley, from Zante, at Gibraltar, and cleared 13th instant
for Liverpool
Mischief, Downs; Emerald, Thomas, Lady Rowley, Wright;
Nancy, Brown ; Mischief, Campbell, and Clydesdale, Percy, hence
at Lisbon
Fear Not, Cox, sailed from Lisbon for Liverpool 15th instant
Mersey, Gardner, hence at Oporto
Isabel, Granby, sailed from Oporto 15th April, and Emma Gra-
ham, Ferguson, 19th, both for Liverpool
Thunderer, (steamer) hence at Rio Janeiro
H.M.S. Isis, from Plymouth, at ditto 11th February
Beulah, from London to Madras, that was on shore at Dunge-
nese, was got off on Friday night, and towed back to the West
India Dock basin, where she was yesterday discharging.

VESSELS ENTERED FOR LOADING
(SINCE OUR LAST PUBLICATION.)

EAST INDIES, CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, &T.
Nile, J L Anderson, 247 Ceylon, Cotesworth & Wynne
WEST INDIES AND MADEHGI
Papineau, J Allan, 197 St. Thomas, Eshelby, Rowett & Co
Robert James Haynes, J Graham, 206 Barbadoes, hurie & Co

SOUTH AMERICA.
Black Prince, E H Martin, 298 Lima, Cotesworth & Wynne
Windsor, H Hayton, 207 Ceara, R Singlehurst & Co

UNITED STATES.

Abbotsford, —, 543 New York and Quebec, W Quayle
..... BRITISH AMERICA.

Silksworth, J Meldrurn, 337 St. John, N.B. H Smith &Co
Crown, -----, 350 St. John, N.B. Cannon, Son & Co
Haberdine, J Hore, 53 St. John, Nfid, Valiance & Henry
Normanton, J Robinson, 265 Montreal, Crozier Brs & Co
EUROPE.

Minerva, P Batlis, Antwerp, Bahr, Behrend &Co
Hope, J S Rowell, 143 Cronstadt, Eshelby, Kowett & Co
Rowena, J C Teasdell, 202 Constantinople, Bahr & Co
Ceres, P Vemes, 144 Dordt, Bahr, Behrend & Co
Tally Ho, J Rowe, 81 Hambro', Cram, Smith & Co
Acadia steamer) A Ryrie, 612 Halifax and Boston, 1) & C Maclver
Duchess of Kent, J Stevens, 95 Lisbon, A Coghill
Mary Ann, W Hannah, 101 Rotterdam, Strong & Reid
Geziena, J G Postema, 90 Rotterdam, Bahr, lßehrend & Co
Janet Hay, T Peterson, 108 Riga, R & A Henderson
Valeria, J Wright, 113 Tonningen and Husum, A F Moore
Lady Eleanor, It Welsh, 85 Tonningen, Strong & Reid
Stour, It Atkins, 81 Tohr, Bahr, Behrend & Go
Jasper, J Payne, 100 Havre, Rouen and Marseilles, H Smith &Co
Cadmus, W S Stunford, 96 Harlingen, A F Moore
Russell, A Winter, 128 Rotterdam, Cram, Smith &Co

ffiarktts%

LIVERPOOL CATTLE MARKET, APRIL 25

We have had a small market, and last week's prices were fully
supported; prime Beef 6d to bid; middling Sid; Bulls and Segs
aid to 4d ; prime Wethers lid ; middling 7d, sinking the offal.
Number of Beasts, 815 ; Sheep, 2160.