The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-08-26 00:00:00

COMMITTAL OF
TRUDER THE WINDSOR CASTLE
IN.

The individual who was discovered in Windsor Castle on
Monday night, under circumstances of great suspicion, was
brought to the Home-office, on Thursday, for further exami-
nation. His real name, it appears, is Thomas Quested, aged
40, and a native of Maidstone.
The prisoner was brought to the Home-office shortly before
two o'clock in a cab, accompanied by Mr. Gilsby and one of
the warders of Tothill-fields prison. He jumped dut of the
cab on its arrival at Whitehall, and appeared in excellent
spirits, holding up his bundle, which is composed of some
old things tied up in a blue cotton pocket-handkerchief, and
exhibiting it in a manner as if he supposed that he had
obtained a triumph.
Since the prisoner's committal to Tothill-fields prison, he
has behaved remarkably well, quite calm and collected,
except when his title to the peerage is disputed, and then be
most clamorously asserts his supposed right.
Mr. Hall, chief magistrate at Bow-street, arrived at the
Home-office before ten o'clock, and after a short delay the
examination commenced. Application was made to the
worthy magistrate for those belonging to the public press to
be admitted to the inquiry, but Mr. Hall in the most polite
and courteous manner informed them that it-would be con-
trary to the established rules of the office if he was to comply
with the request; consequently it was not granted. The
following, however, is the substance of what has taken
place :
The prisoner was visited at Tothill-fields prison by Mr
Davies,. surgeon, of King-street, and Mr. 'Wakefield, sur
geon to Coldbath-fields prison, and closely examined as to
the state of his mind. He appeared perfectly cool and col-
lected ou every subject but one—viz., that he had a title to
the peerage. 'The medical gentlemen inquired what title it
was that he thought he had a right to, when he replied, with
an air of dignity, " I am Lord Godolphin D'Arcy, and every
one knows it."

On being questioned at the Home-office, by Mr. Hall, the
unfortunate individual persisted in stating that he was Lord
Godolphin D'Arcy, that he was unjustly kept out of his
rights, and that his visit to Windsor was merely to obtain
those rights from the Queen ; and went on to state that all
the way down the road to Windsor the people saw as he
passed that he was a lord, and knew well that he had a right
to the title which he claimed.
An uncle of the prisoner, who resides in the neighbourhood
of London, and holds a situation in the dockyard, at Wool-
wich, was in attendance at the Home-office during the in-
quiry. This person, who is a respectable man, informed the
magistrate that the prisoner unfortunately was not the only
one of his family who was suffering under an aberration of
intellect. He had a sister who was insane ; that the prisoner
was an agricultural labourer, but for a length of time had
entertained the strange delusion that he was entitled to the
peerage—that he was, in fact, Lord Godolphin D'Arcy.
When the prisoner was observed in the Castle he was fast
asleep on a couch in the footmen's waiting-room ; and when
asked how he obtained admittance, he said that he followed
, a " potboy," which statement he repeated.
It appears that the unfortunate man left Maidstone, or the
neighbourhood, on Friday, and walked to Woolwich, where
he stopped a short time, and then proceeded to Windsor,
going direct to the Castle, when, from fatigue, he fell into a
sleep in one of the out-offices, and was ordered off. He then
went back to Woolwich, but on arriving there he felt so etn-
vinced of his rights that he retraced his steps, and obtained
in a most extraordinary manner an entrance into the Castle
to the footmen's waiting-room, where he was apprehended.
There was no further evidence adduced as to the facts at-
tending the prisoner being found in the Castle. The inquiry
, related solely to his state of mind. When he was asked if
he did not think that he was labouring under a delusion in
thinking himself a lord, lie replied, " No, certainly not; I
am a lord." He was then asked if the medical gentleman
told him that be was labouring under a delusion on the sub-
ject, whether he would not believe them and give up his
claim to the title he supposed himself to be heir to. The
prisoner replied that he would not give up his claim ; the
gentlemen did not know so much on the subject as he did;
he was Lord Godolphin D'Arcy.
After a lengthened examination, no doubt remained but
that the unfortunate individual was insane, and the medical
gentlemen signed a certificate to that effect.
He was then conveyed in a cab to Tothill-fields prison,
and an order made out for his committal to Bethlem Hos-
pital, and as soon as it received the signature of the Home
Secretary, the prisoner was removed to that place of con-
finement, there to remain during her Majesty's pleasure.

taly pparel as you can,
ER —When you come in contact
A Wonn TO SWIDIMS •
prhandkerchief round
in the following
mw iatnhntehro, svei
zw. 1:11 dig,aTraeke r
oo
ffw na
sn
In u
cat
hicet
opf,r
oyo
uon
ruz
wconalt—pesrpmriint g; in, and throw the coat to the
it'the
circumstances
cuff o f your
party, keeping the end of the handkerchief between your
teeth ; the person will immediately lay hold, and you can use
your limbs to swim, without the danger of being caught hold
of. But if the individual drowning be so exhausted as not
to be able to take hold of the coat, then you may pull the
body ashore, for you are in no danger of being grasped. By
attending to this the rescuer's safety is rendered secure, and
many lives may be preserved.

The Chinese mourner is habited in course sack-cloth, the
universal mourning apparel in China. The shoes are white,
the hair and beard are permitted to grow unshaven, and an
odd species of head-gear surmounts the cranium. He is at-
tended by a servant, or "heel attendant," the word being
derived from " -lc
aw," " the heel of the foot," which they
call the root of the foot. In this person's hand is carrieda
mourning lamp, and of which the Chinese exhibit an
is„
abun-
dance in their funeral processions ; and they are distinguished
I.e_".
from all others by the presence of the emblernatelars,bue
but
The full period of mourning fora parent is thrteesvey
ty.
ti seven
this is commonly reduced in practice
of parent before a
months; a shorter period is allotted
Three years must elapse after the deathsi_
ar panod Ja allowed
child is permitted to marry, and a
as a eassation from holding offiae. foratoother relations.

The Rev. Faancis Falgencio, late a priest of the Roman
Catholic Church, has addressed a letter to the editor of the
Christian Intelligencer, announcing his intention of leaving
the faith in which he was educated (Popery). The following
are the reasons for this important step. The letter is dated
Chinsurah (India), April 7th, 1842.—" It is now about three
years since I first began to read the Catholic Expositor, a
periodical published in Calcutta, and after reading a few num-
bers I was prompted (more by curiosity than any thing else)
to know what the Protestants had to say to the statements
put forth by the Expositor, and as I knew that there was a
journal in Calcutta which took the Protestant side of the
question (the Calcutta Christian Advocate,) I agreed with
a friend that if be would send me the Expositor, I would
take the Advocate, and that we would exchange papers and
see what both parties had to say. This was agreed to by
my friend, and I read both rapers for several months
with considerable attention, chiefly with a view to ascer-
tain whether our church could bring home to the Pro-
testants any errors of doctrines which justified her in calling
them Heretics, for I had always heard it said, and by those,
too, who ought to set an example of Christian charity,
that they were such, and that it was only by the teaching of
the Roman Catholic Church that the pure Gospel of Christ
could be known. I had not read long upon these sub-
jects before I perceived the spirit of the Catholic Expositor
to be very bad, very uncharitable, and much opposed to what I
thought, so far as I then understood the Gospel of Christ re-
quired. Instead, therefore, of deriving any information
from this publication, such as was calculated to confirm me
in the Roman Catholic faith, my confidence was shaken—
shaken first and principally by the Catholic Expositor,
whose spirit and temper created serious doubts in my mind
as to whether a church, which needed to be so defended,
could possibly be the true Church of Christ. In this state
of mind I began to read with more seriousness and candour
than I had heretofore done, the papers in the Christian Ad-
vocate, both the editorial and the letters of its correspon-
dents. My state of mind was then far from comfortable.
Curiosity prompted me to read in the first instance, but now
conviction had seised me, and I could not shake it off. I
made known my state of mind to a Protestant friend, and re-
ceived from him such counsel and advice as suited the oc-
casion. I also borrowed from a friend a Protestant Bible ;
and as I found on perusing it that several very important
texts differed materially from the Rhemish version of tho '
Roman Catholic divines which I possessed, I wished to
know which was correct ; and also wishing to avoid any ex-
parte statement, I prefered, instead of going to a Protestant
for information, to consult an Armenian friend. I asked to
see two (Ex. v. 20 v. • 1 Car. xi. 27 v.) texts in his version
of the Scriptures, and )laving carefully examined these, and
had them explained to me in English, I found them uniformly
to agree with the Protestant version; which circumstances
convinced me that the statements made by Protestants,
that Catholic divines had altered many texts of strip-
tore to suit their own purposes, were quite correct. My
mind at this stage of the inquiry became much troubled
about the mass, especially as 1 was bound to perform it every
Sunday. I seriously suspected that I had been deceived'on
this subject, and that I was labouring under a delusion on
this point, and also on the doctrine of transubstantiation,
which might in the end prove rnineus to my own soul.
Great was my perplexity upon these points. On the one
hand, I felt that I could no longer believe these doctrines of
the Roman Catholic Church ; yet, on the other hand, I saw
that many men—great men—learned men—clever men of
the Roman Catholic Church, and men whom I bad every
reason to believe were honest and had no design to deceive
the people—fully and implicitly believed them. How to
account for this I did not know, and it therefore perplexed
me exceedingly, as 1 could scarcely believe that so many
learned, sincere, and virtuous men could possibly be wrong.
I have, however, since learned that !men, whatever their
mind, their character, or their mental attainments may
be, are frequently deluded and led astray on the subjects
of religious truths, by the early imbibed and deeply rooted
prejudices of their education. It was at this period that
I obtained from an intimate friend the lectures of the
Reverend M. Young, and subsequently the works of that
devoted man of God the late Rev. Isaac Newton. The
reading of those books, combined with other circum-
stances, gradually convinced me that I had been in error,
and that there was not, as taught by the Roman Catholic
Church, any real sacrifice in the mass; but that it was re-
ceived as commemorative of the one great sacrifice offered
by our Blessed Lord on Mount Calvary, for the sins of the
world. I saw moreover that the doctrine of the mass, and
its efficacy as taught by the Roman Catholics to deliver souls
from purgatory, was a delusion, and that it was imposed
upon the people with a view to obtain money from them.
From this period, therefore, although I sustained some pe-
cuniary loss by it, I ceased to perform daily mass at nay •
church, so far as I could do it without exciting the suspicions
of certain portions of my flock, who occasionally attended
on the week-day services. I have now in my possession
some money, which was sent me for the performance
of private masses, and which I could not refuse without
being suspected. This money I shall now return to the
persons to whom I received it, as the masses for which
it was sent have never been performed. Some masses,
however, required of me on more public occasions, such
as last Lent, and one or two periods before, I could
not avoid, without laying myself open to suspicion. Since
my faith in the doctrine of the mass and transubstantiation
was shaken, I have, when there was a necessity laid upon me
to perform the former—that is when it was unavoidable,
uniformly omitted what I consider the most objectionable
parts of the service; and when on the elevation of the host,
1 was obliged to kneel down, it was my constant practice to
address a mental prayer to God that he would, if it were
idolatry, forgive this and whatever other sins might be con-
nected with it. The difficulties which have beset my path I
have , in a letter dated March 31, 1842, laid before the vicar
apostolic, requesting from him an early reply; but no reply
has as yet reached me, and I am disposed to think that it is
not his intention to notice them. There is therefore only
one path left open for me to pursue. The Apostle Paul has
said, " If any man, or even an angel from Heaven, teach
any other Gospel than that which Christ taught, he
ought to be accursed," (verse 9, chapter Ist, of Galatians,)
, hut that which the Roman Catholic Church teachss,
I am now fully convinced is not Christ's Gospel, but
another Gospel, consequently, the full weight of that
curse must fall upon her and upon me also as long as 1
continued in her pale. Having arrived at this conclusion,
I very naturally, as you reverend sir, will suppose, have
for some months past seriously wished to secede from her
communion, but how to accomplish this was the diffi-
culty, as the most serious obstacles appeared to stand in
the way. Acting under the influence of this impression, I
first began to consult with my friends as to whether there was
any hope that 1 could be received as a minister into the Pro-
testant Church. A clear conscience, and food and raiment,
with sphere of usefulness, was all that I desired. Being a
duly ordained priest, and understanding that I could as such
be received into the communion of the Church of England
without further ordination, I first, through the medium of
friends, and afterwards myself in person, laid the whole of
my circumstances before the Lord Bishop of Calcutta, re-
questing to be received as a member and minister of the
Church of England. After waiting more than six months,
during which period I have suffered no little mental anxiety—
my request, lam happy to say, has at length been complied
with, and 1 am now about to escape, I trust for ever, from
those trammels in which I have been so long tied and bound.
I am quite aware of what I lay myself open to by the step
which lam about to take. My character will probably be
calumniated, and my motives certainly suspected. The
former I must leave in the hands of the Mastet whom I
desire to serve, but as to the latter I think it is my duty to
say that I am not influenced by any secular motives what-
ever. Indeed the change so far as it relates to my outward
circumstances, is one which involves considerable sacrifices
and self-denial. I leave an attached and friendly people to
go among strangers, and I leave a Church where I had easy
duty to perform, and much leisure time on my hands, for a
sphere which to me. at my time of life, will be extremely
arduous, particularly as the acquisition of a new language
the Hindoostanee, is required of me ; whilst my emolument
will be rather under than over what I have been in the habit
of receiving at Chinsurah. The latter has been so arranged
at my particular request, in order that the world might not
suspect my motives on this point. Still whatever self-denial
may be involved in the step I am taking, I reel it a duty thus
publicly to declare to the world at large, and to my own
congregation in particular, that I do not and that I cannot
believe the Roman Catholic Church, and that, whilst as a
member of that church, I was bound not only to believe
myself, but also to teach others, though I now see they are
contrary to the Scriptures. I affectionately desire the well-
fare of my congregation, and as it is from no worldly motives
that I have left them, my parting request and prayer for
them is, that they would examine the Gospel of Christ for
themselves. My only desire for them is that they may be
saved, I leave them with deep regret, and whilst I would
request them to pray for me, that God may strengthen me for
all that lies before me, I hope I shall unceasingly and affec-
tionately remember them, and pray that God may bless
them and make them all wise unto salvation through faith
in His Son Jesus Christ our Lord, to whom be glory for
ever—Amen.

THE HOPS.—We have scarcely ever seen a greater dis-
tinction in the quality of hops grown on good lands than we
have this year. From the excessive drought the flea has
made very extensive ravages, and it is impossible to form an
idea of the extent of growth. The duty is under our former
quotation, 150,0001. We have heard of odds being taken
against 135,0001. Twenty-four hours' rainattthre to em-
bark o
is
crisis,
would wonderfully increase the quotation.—Kentish Gazette.
HER MAJESTY'S DEPARTURE FOR SCOTLAND,—It was
at one time contemplated that bar Majesty would leave
Windsor Castle for Buckingham Palace on Saturday next,
and nd proceed
the
Royalthenc e
Georget o
the
eon
It is, however
d ay, he
now arranged for the Queen not to leave Windsor until 'the'
17t oayeadl
morning of Monday, whence her Majesty will travel d'
onboard the Royal
whencethaet
to Woolwich, under a military escort, at an early hourirteicit
hour has been ar-
morning. It is expected that her Majesty and his
Highness Prince Albert will leave the Castle between
consequence
TH E
Noa of the.
8 o'clock (so as to reach Woolwich before 11)
illustrious party will proceed immediately on
yacht, and sail for Scotland. This early
favourableranged for
stateh e r Majesty's j e
thes ty 'tsi departure,deat that t i in
OF TIIE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE Oaorlrwivieedh
atto
thevNtsorrre.
On Monday the Duke of Cambridge aenfdronisai::
bSytocaktsopneeaiablouttroainee. having been brought from York
terminus of the Stockton and Darlington Railway by the
ighness was met at the
Marquis of Londonderry, Lord
(the Russian ambassador,)
Wynyard, upwards of 204roer
the l a ccloeua nn
t, r
yMo.
on horseback
0, r
saenbda
cak 'Capt. Fitzroy, M. P., Mr. Donald
Seaham, Baron Brunow,
party proceeded to the number of other visitors at
the yeomanry and farmers of
body and the other from ,rand a long procession of gentlemen
belonging to the town
T and neighbourhood on foot.
Town Hall, where his royal highness
and the nobility and
corporation in their gentry were received by the mayor and
Tlie
civic
pleasure to the occasion of that visit—viz"
ing his royal highness crentry, cngratulat-
er from the country, , . .
with on his first visit to this country, reterring
and two addresses, one from the
age of Lord Seaham and • bh
the couonr, of
, expressing the warmest appro a-
tion of his royal highness's public and private conduct,
were presented, to which the illustrious duke returned brief
otfh et
he leading
day,
and suitable replies. Upwards of 100 sentlemen then sat
The mayor of Stockton
down to an elegant and sumptuous
The ala fourchette
in the long room of the building•
presided at the entertainment, with the Marchioness of Lon-
donderry, the Marquis of Blandford, Ladies Vane, the
Marquis of Londonderry, Lord Seaham, Captain Fitzroy,
companyedtlithe toast
owaearte
M.P., &c., right and left. Leonard Raisbeck, Esq., was
vice-hairman ;
and clergy of the county.
,raapotudroaus3ly
.applauded.—
" The
" Prince of Wales," and
Qgeoneteroy,,,,m,a,gpitreaeteesA,
" The Queen Dowager,g eat enthusiasm.
and were drunk
with
Princer of Waaslum. Whilst drink-
ing the health ofs, the royal duke
a fine boy 4
an extremely fine
observed " He
wsstions were
andamongst
'' r etcheed
boy ;"
and these °Witnvathe Duke
.. The Health of of Cambridge"
ad it was loudly cheered. li•
ded to ibetliile'utorhiset was next
giyen, is royal highness
briefly respon
f Prince George, who was 1 ologtsed for the
absence odetained by his
duties at Leeds. His royal highness said, although military
regretted the cause of his detention there, he deeply
satisfaction to him to know that his yet it was some
his regiment when their services son was at the head of
trusted he would follow in the f were required; and he
father. The healths of the ootsteps of his revered grand-
the Bishop of Durham, Lord Lieutenant, Lord Seaham,
southern division of the Mr. Farrer, late candidate for the
late M.P., and other county, Mr. Joseph Pease, jun.,
About four o'clock gentlemen pr
his • present were proposed.
number of the party left
royal highness and a considerable
duke was frequently
entrance into and his cheered by the populace, both on his
13 progress out of the town.

k
Nl/4„.
cgtof4,4% N #N,

1-116TOttY AND ANALYSIS CR TIM
DISTURBANCES,

The crisis of the disorders in the north seems to have
passed; and, considering the wide spread of the disturbance,
with less of mischief than might have been anticipated. The
progress of the insurrection—for such, from its extent,
. it
may be called—has proved one of the most instructive chap-
ters in the contemporary history of the country : like a fall
of land it has laid bare the state of the social foundation. It
began, as our readers are aware, some weeks back, among
the colliers and miners of Staffordshire ; the proximate cause
being an attempt by an extensive ironmaster to reduce the
wages of his workpeople at the rate of sevenpence a week each.
There can be no doubt that with that gentleman the proceed-
ing was a mere matter of accounts ; adopted, it may he very
safely assumed, with great reluctance. The colliers enter-
tained the ordinary feeling of discontent at a money loss ;
the obstinately refused the new bargain ; being more deeply
conscious that they could ill spare sevenpence a week, than
that their employer could not afford to loose some hundreds
of pounds. They struck work. Others determined to stand
by them ; and other masters to stand by their class-fellow;
it became a class contest ; and old grievances, including the
truck system, were revived. The men became exasperated ;
and they sought to extend their vindictive combination,
sending delegates to other coal districts, Similar causes of
contention already existed in the adjoining mining districts,
in Wales, in Scotland ; and similar disputes spread, or burst
out successively, in all those quarters. The Staffordshire
miners had put themselves into communication with the
Cheshire miners, and disorders occurred; but still without
producing any effect among the cotton population—it was a
miners' question.
The manufacturers have long complained of bad trade, and
reduction of wages have been frequent. At Staleybridge
three firms threatened their men with a reduction ; but only
a single house carried out the threat. One firm, perhaps one
only of that firm, a Mr. Bayley was determined ; the men
this time would not yield ; one among them, a person named
Pilling, was equally obstinate, and it seems expected more
from the cessation of work than the obdurate master. Mr.
Bayley and Mr. Piling would make no concession, and thus
the cotton population were drawn into the strike. The dis-
tress had thrown multitudes out of employ ; Mr. Pilling
found at his command thousands of reckless idlers, the raw
material of armies, " having nothing to do and nothing to
lose ;" and he had no difficulty in marching away with them
to Manchester. They executed various manoeuvres in dodg-
ing the police and soldiers, whose presence gave eclat to the
tumult ; and they left Manchester to spread the turn-out in
other quarters. But they had communicated the spark to
the great magazine of discontent. In Manchester there
were the same influences in operation—bad trade, reduced
wages, thousands of idlFrs made desperate by hopeless po-
verty, and Manchester joined tumultuously in the turn-out.
As the word to cease work was carried from Stalybridge to
all parts of Lancashire and Cheshire, it derived strength
from the adhesion of Great Manchester. The progress of
disorder acquired a momentum of its own, and it rapidly ad-
vanced into Yorkshire ; while Derby, placed between the
two fires, scarcely needed the new impulse from the north.
At Manchester, however, a change was seen. Hitherto
we have observed the movement of only one class, the turn-
out workmen ; but Manchester, the metropolis of the manu-
facturing districts, and therefore the metropolis of the dis-
tress, was also the metropolis of Chartism—the progeny
begotten by disappointed hope of the reform bill on popular
discomfort. Chartism has its permanent staff of officers, its
organisation more or less complete, and has been ever ready
to seize the occasion of any outbreak. The population, ren-
dered idle by bad trade and congregated by the turn-out, was
seized by Chartists as the engine for a new movement ; and
strenuous efforts were made to convert the economical com-
bination into a political insurrection. It does not appear
that the movement bad any other organisation—any in fact,
of its own. The turn-out workmen were obliged to crave
support from place after place successively, with no simulta-
neous prearrangement of any duration or extent. The
councils vary—now they ask for the prices of 1840, now of
1839, now according to some special rules ; here they ask for
a ten hours' bill, there for the charter, and elsewhere they
positively repudiate the charter. In the mining districts,
where the people are rudest, their demands rest most upon
small particulars for the personal benefit of the claimants;
in Manchester, where the people are more inquiring, intelli-
gent, and accustomed to regard abstract questions, the de-
mands assume at once a more general and a more definite
shape, and the charter is more commonly, though not univer-
sally, the crownine claim. Here, therefore, the insurrection
assumed the most organised and political aspect ; and daily
riots for five days, increasing in violence, alarmed the country
with fears of some ulterior visitation.
At this point, the executive government stepped in with
authority and power. On Sunday, a Queen's proclamation
called the people to order; and reinforcements of troops
evinced the determination to compel. From that time there
was a remarkable accession of discretion to the councils of
the leading disturbers ; they themselves made arrangements
for saving to the troops the trouble of dispersing them ; and
when the authorities forbade the public procesion on the an-
niversary of what is popularly termed the " Peterloo mas-
sacre of 1819," the managing committee themselves relin-
quished the project, as if of their own motion. In the
smaller towns, indeed, where there is less political intelli-
gence, and less judgment respecting a critical turn of events,
the adoption of strong measures did not so immediately
result in a more acquiescent demeanor on the part of the
populace; and in the least intelligent quarters the violence
increased, even to the loss of lives ; but in the large towns
the virtue of moderation was recognised.
Through the gloom and confusion, the inferences to be
drawn are cheering. Although the country has been sub-
jected to some of the greatest difficulties and trials, the spi-
rit of disorder can obtain no real hold of it. The whole of
manufacturing England has lain in unguarded riot at the
mercy of Chartism, and Chartism has been unable—perhaps
unwilling—to convert the tumult to revolution. The party
has been exhibited in utter destitution of leaders to direct it
in time of crisis ; the leaders of 1819 would 'either have ar-
rested the follies of the last few weeks, or have turned them
to more account ; the titular leaders of 1842 are really mere
followers of the times and of the common herd.
Twenty-three years have elapsed since the day of " Peter-
loo." The Tories are again in power; there are riots in
Manchester, and troops are there to quell the riots ; yet
there is no new Peterloo. If the Chartists have not such
leaders as the followers of Hunt and Cobbett, they are
themselves, perhaps, less dependent on leaders ; they have
certainly more judgment of their own—more moderation and
acuteness. If the same party is in power, it has not the same
view as in 1819 of " vigorous measures" against the " com-
mon people"—the most " vigorous measures," charged
against the chief of the party, especially exempts the com-
mon people. Above all, by good fortune, a plentiful harvest
will intervene between these tumults and the winter—there
lay the worse danger.—Spectator.

FIRST EXECUTION AT NENAGH.

istence.

The extreme sentence of the law was carried into effect on
Saturday, between the hours of twelve and one o'clock, on
James Shea, alias Smyth, who was found guilty at the last
assizes of this town of the inhuman and most barbarous
murder of Rody Kennedy, at Loughane. Previous to the
wretched culprit making his appearance on the platform, the
Rev. Mr. Scanlan, R.C.C., came out and addressed the
multitude. He begged of them to preserve a solemn silence
during the awful ceremony, and not to disturb the last mo-
ments of the •poor man by any unseemly demonstration.
The rev. gentleman hoped that if the condemned one ad-
dressed them, that he would be heard without interruption.
He then begged of them to kneel down and implore the
Almighty God to have mercy upon his soul. The gaol clock
now tolled twelve, and a thrill of horror seemed to pervade
the hearts of those assembled. There was a movement made
in the ward, near the drop, and in a few moments the culprit
stood upon the platform. As is usual, he was pinioned ; he
looked rather ghastly, and seemed to totter. In adjusting the
rope about his neck, there was, what appeared to us, an over
anxiety on the part of the hangman to hasten the execution.
The unhappy man then addressed the multitude in a strong,
firm, and distinct tone of voice. " I call," said he, " the
Almighty God, the Blessed Virgin Mary, and all the saints
and angels to witness, that I die innocent of the murder of
Rody Kennedy. That I had neither hand, act, or part, or
any knowledge of it. I call God--He in whose dread pre-
sence a few short minutes will place me, that I am innocent
—not only of that, but of any other murder whatsoever. I
forgive my persecutors ; I forgive every one ; pray to God to
have mercy on my soul. I am innocent—l die innocent—
and I hope I will go to heaven." Those assembled simul-
taneously knelt and prayed audibly. The zap being drawn
over his face, there was a fearful pause of some seconds,
during which the ill-fated young man moved his hands and
bowed his bead as if engaged in prayer. The bolt being
sprung, he was launched off suddenly. He showed signs of
life for eight minutes, but his struggles were but few and not
violent. After being suspended for an hour, he was cut
down, and his body was buried within the precincts of the
prison.—Nenagh Guardian.

THE INCOME TAN,
°ORURO? METRO") OP MAKING UPTURNS,

R.
, .
\'' \-- skltliNo iNIN 1.V.• N''''N 1 Jtl AN .)..."
\ N 1N%4 t
....
\- • ,

The following useful hints are from one of the many little
works which the above-mentioned act has called into ex-

There are four papers usually left by the assessor to be
filled up and returned.
1. A list of lodgers and inmates. This return is required
to he made by all householders. This return must include
all lodgers and inmates and persons chiefly employed in their
service, whether resident in their service or not, but no
penalty is incurred by omitting to return the name of any
person chiefly employed in their service but not 'resident in
their houses, if the person so omitted has an income of £l5O
a-year. It is not very clear what is meant by chiefly-em-
ployed; we presume it means those persons whose time is
principally devoted to their employers ; and not such as are
only occasionally employed by them, but whose time is prin-
cipally devoted to other pursuits. It would save lodgers and
persons so employed, (whose income is under £ll,O a year,)
as well as the assessors a great deal of unnecessary trouble,
if they would make a return in this form, or to the like ef-
fect, viz. ;—`• My income arises from my trade of
and does not amount to £l5O a-year." This might be signed
by the party and annexed to the householder's return, and
would in most cases save any further trouble.
2. The second paper is a return to be made by the occu-
pier of a house and premises, not including land, except
gardens. If the occupier be not the opener, he is reqUired
to state the name of his landlord, the rent which he pays to
his landlord, and if he is not at a rack-rent, he must state
the value of the premises to be let at a rack-rent, whether
subject to a land-tax, &c., and by whom the taxes are paid.
The tax, in respect of this assessment, must be paid by the
tenant, who may deduct it from the rent payable to his land-
lord, if he is rated at no higher sum than he pays to his land-
lord for rent, but if he is assessed at a greater sum he is en-
titled to deduct, 7d: in the pound upon the rent which he
pays to his landlord,'and must bear the difference himself,—
such tax being a tax in respect of his improved rent. No
deduction can be allowed for repairs, but the assessment is
not to be levied for such time as the house remains unoccu-
pied ; no deduction will be allowed for insurance. We think
that the omission of repairs, as a deduction from the rent, in
case of private houses% must have been an oversight; we
cannot see why the repairs, if done by the landlord, should
not be deducted from private houses, as well as from a house
occupied for the purpose of trade. Repairs which recur
from time to time are surely a diminution of the profits, but
we must take the act as we -find it, and it is enacted, that no
deduction shall be made but such as are enumerated in the
act.
3. The third paper relates to income arising from lands and
tenements and heriditaments, and is divided into eight num-
bers. No. lis the return'to be made by the owner, who oc-
cupies his own land—he will be charged 7d. in the pound on
the full value to let, and 30. on the income as occupier. No.
2 is the return to be made by a tenant who is not the owner.
No. 3. This return relates to tithes, and must be made by
the person receiving the tithes ; the occupierq of land who pay
tithes or rent-charge, are not required to make any return
respecting tithes. No. 4 relates to mines, quarries, docks,
railways, &c. No. 5 is the return to be made by the lord
or lady of a manor. No. 6 is a return to be made by any
person who receives a consideration for granting a lease of
lands or tenement (except customary lands, that is copyhold
lands.) No. 7is a sort of sweeping clause to catch any other
profits of land which have not been before enumerated. No.
8 is the form to be signed by every one who claims to be ex-
empt. The particulars required under each head are so
clearly stated, that with a little attention any person may
make his return; the only difficulty we have endeavoured to
remove, namely, that of pointing out what form is applicable
to each person's case. This form he has only to fill up, and
either to negative, or leave unnoticed, the others which do
not concern him.

4. The fourth paper relates to the duties under schedule
D. ; that is to say, an income derived from professions,
trades, &c. The return of income must be made in the first
page. In the schedule of particulars of income they are ar-
ranged under nine different heads. Ist, income from trade ;
2d, from a profession ; 3d, income derived from property out
of Great Britain, or from sources not otherwise chargeable ;
4th, from dividends in the funds, if less thin £5 a-year ; sth,
from securities in Ireland, or in other of her Majesty's do-
minions ; 6th, from possessions in Ireland, or in other of her
Majesty's dominions ; 7th, from foreign securities ; Bth,
from foreign possessions ; 9th, is another sweeping clause to
catch income from any source that may have been omitted;
No. 1 directs the return of income from trade which must
include the net income after deducting all expenses incurred
in the course of business, estimated according to the instruc-
tions in the third page. The same observations apply to No.
2, the income derived from professions—which is to be cal-
culated in the same way—the particulars are not required to
be stated in the first instance, but merely the amount; if the
return is not satisfactory, another notice will be given, re-
quiring the particulars. No. 3, interest from property out of
Great Britain, and not in her Majesty's dominions, and also from
securities in England, not otherwise chargeable such as Exche
quer-bills. discounts, and as it were, casual profits, the particu-
lars of which are not required ; but not to include dividends on
Bank, South Sea, or other stocks, nor India Bonds, shares
of railways, &c., of which no return will be required by the
owner, inasmuch as the duty will be stopped out of the
dividends ; nor of income from mortgages or other securities
paid annually, the duty on which will also be deducted by
the parties paying them. The remaining heads require no
observations, except that the income from securities or pos-
sessions in the British colonies, or foreign countries, if
remitted in produce, need not be returned, in the first page,
but in form No. 2 in the next page—according to which, it
must be stated at what port the produce is imported, and the
return of income must be made to the commissioners of the
port, without waiting for any notice.
A person in partnership, not having £l5O a year, should
require to be separately assessed in order to obtain a discharge
of the assessment on him ; he must fill up the forms No. 4
and No. 6. Persons having two residences need only make
a return of income in one of them, and in the other he must
fill up the form No. 2, or if a partner in trade, Nor 3. Per-
sons to be assessed under schedule D., desirous of being
charged by the special commissioners, must give notice to
the assessor, and deliver their returns sealed to him, and the
assessor will thereupon transmit the returns to the special
commissioners; they may also require to be charged by a
letter or number, and to pay the tax to the proper officer for
receipt—we presume the receiver-general—instead of paying
it to the collector.

CONSECRATION OP THE COLONIAL EISHOPS.

The ceremony of the consecration of the five colonial bishops
who are about to proceed to their respective dioceses, took
place on Wednesday in Westminster Abbey. Since this vener-
able pile has been dedicated to divine worship under the ans-
pices of the Reformaticfn, no occasion has been presented in
which the Proteglant ChOrch has had such reason to rejoice.

It is true that an equal number of bishops has been conse-
crated since the Reformation, in some of the cathedrals of
England, at the same time, but then they have been conse-
crated to fill up vacancies incurred 'by death or resignation,•
or translation, and not to fill up bishopricks created• at the
time. But, on the present occasion, the consecration of the
live bishops has led to the extension of the episcopal church
of England by the addition of four new sees to its constitu-
ency, (the diocese of Barbadoes being divided into three sees,
and two new sees being created,) viz., the sees of Antigua,
Guiana, Gibraltar, and Tasmania, (Van Diemen's Land;)
the see of Barbadoes, in its present state, being the fifth see.
The consecration was concluded with all the solemnity which
was requisite. The public were admitted to the cathedral by
cards, and the choir was set apart for the clergy, who attended
in great numbers. In consequence of the indisposition of His
Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, the consecration of the
five colonial prelates was by commission entrusted to thei
Bishops of London, Winchester, and Rochester, by whom
the ceremony was performed. The service was commenced
by the morning prayer for the day, according to the rubric.
The prayers were chanted by the Rev. Mr. Lupton. The
lessons were read by the Rev. Mr. Waters, and the litany
and communion service by the Bishop of London. The
sermon was preached by Dr. Coleridge, the late Bishop of
Barbadoes, who chose for his text the very appropriate fifth
and sixth verses of the 43d chapter of Isaiah :
" Fear not, I am with thee, I will bring thy seed from the
east, and gather thee from the west.
" I will say to the north give up, and to the south keep
not back. Bring my sons from far, and my daughters from
the end of the earth."

After the sermon the ceremony of the consecration was
performed, the bishops being presented by the Bishop of
Chichester and the late Bishop of Barbadoes in the following
order :

ARRIVAL OP THE GREAT WESTERN.

This fine, and as the editor of the New York Herald calls
her, " good old-fashioned. steady-going steamer," arrived
in the Mersey, from New York, on Wednesday afternoon,
about two o'clock. She was very confidently expected about
the period when she made her appearance, and may have
been said to have kept time with exact punctuality. She put
out from the wharf, at-New.York, at two o'clock in the after-
noon of the 11th instant, amid a storm of thunder and
lightning, and against a strong east wind. On the second
day this increased to a gale, and during no less than seven
days of her passage, she had to contend with easterly winds
and a heavy sea. In the face of these difficulties, however,
she made Holyhead by eight o'clock on Wednesday morn-
ing, and completed the whole passage, being her fiftieth
voyage across the Atlantic, in thirteen days. She has brought
about seventy passengers, a list of whom is elsewhere.
Amongst the passengers, was M. de Bacourt, recentiy the
'French minister at Washington, who returns to Europe to
recruit his health, and Mr. Ricardo, the banker, who has
beenin the-States considering the state of the stocks. It is
said that the latter returns chagrined and disappointed, as
Mississippi refuse to pay her debts, and Congress declines
to assume them. "He will, says the New York Herald,
" give melancholy accounts to his friends in England."
The previous arrival at Cowes, of the Belgium Steamer,
British Queen, with advices to the 7th instant, had already
put us in possession of intelligece of the final terrmination of
Lord Ashburton's negociations. From the papers brought
by the Great Western, we learn that a treaty or treaties
(it is generally believed that there are two) between the
United States and Great Britain, by Lord Ashburton and
the Secretary of the American States, had been signed on
Tuesday the 9th instant.
The annexed pargraph, which was published on the 10th in
the Madisonian, the official paper of the executive depart-
ment, was the only entirely authentic notification of the act
that had appeared.
" THE TREATY.—We understand, from authentic sources,
that one or more treaties were signed this day at the Depart-
ment of State, by the Secretary of State and the British
Minister Extraordinary.'
It is, as we have before observed, surmised that there are
two treaties, one relating to the boundaries ; the other adjust-
ing the other points formerly in dispute and lately in dis-
cussion. Of course the cases of the Caroline and Creole are
included in one or other of the treaties. It is stated by the
New York American, that•in the Caroline case apology is
made by Great Britain, to which other informants add indem-
nification. As regards the Creole case it is said no money is
to be paid, but that certain stipulations are made for the
future. An article in the treaty is said to be the renunciation,
It
f thepractice of impressment on board of
was not doubted in any quarter that the
by, r
m Greater ican ships.
Britain,
Senate, to whom the treaties were to be immediately sub-
mitted would promptly ratify them. Copies of the treaties
were to be sent home by the Great Western.
Lord Ashburton was expected at New York, and his
arrival was looked forward to with great interest. The,
settlement of the points in dispute had given extreme satis-
faction. Great preparations were making by numerous
individuals of the highest respectability for giving a grand
fete to his lordship, in celebration of the satisfactory manner
in which he had brought the important negotiations between
the two countries to a termination.

Dr. Parry, bishop of Barbadoes.
Dr. Tomlinson, bishop of Gibraltar.
Dr. Nixon, bishop of Van Diemen's Land.
Dr. Davis, bishop of Antigua.
Dr. Austin, bishop of Guiana.
The ceremony having been concluded, the Sacrament was
administered to a great number of communicants, the con-
tributions at the offertory amounting to 1131. Mr. Turk
presided at the organ. The introductory voluntary was from
the overture to Esther, the voluntary after the sermon from
Sphor, and the concluding voluntary from Haydn. The
7'e Deum Jubilate from Narss, and the Veni Creator
Attwood. Nothing could surpass the devotional and digni-
fied effect of this very sacred ceremony, and it is,a matter of
congratulation to the Church of England particularly, and
to the whole Christian community generally, that so efficient
a step has been made for the propagation of that faith in
which all who profess and call themselves Christians repose
their hopes of salvation and happiness.

TOUR IN THE MANUFACTURING DISTRICTS
OF LANCASHIRE.

(From the Times.)
We resume our notice of Dr. Cooke Taylor's letters with
an extract from his description of the mills of Mr. Henry
Ashworth, of Anti-Corn Law League notoriety. Having
never had the pleasure ourselves of visiting. this gentleman's
establishment, we are of course prepared to take for granted
our author's eulogium, though our own personal observation
in similar places leads us to entertain doubts, both as to the
salubrity of the atmosphere and the lightness of the labour
which is said to prevail in well-regulated mills. We shall
never forget the oppressive feeling in the lungs produced by
the minute particles of cotton, which float like the " atoms in
a sunbeam in the atmosphere even of the best ventilated
cotton-mills, nor the languid air of the operatives, the nature
of whose employment compels them to stand for many hours
in the same wearisome, if not actually larborious position.
However, let Mr. Henry Ashworth have the full benefit of

the following description-of his mill.
" The interior of Mr. Ashworth's mill does not differ ma-
terially from that of many other well-regulated mills which
I have visited, such as Ashton's of Hyde, Taylor's of Pres-
ton, and a host of others. I was, however, pleased to find
that great care had been bestowed upon the boxing-up' of
'dangerous machinery. I learned that accidents were very
rare, and that when they did occur, they were, as my own
senses convinced me that they must have been, the result of
the grossest negligence, or of absolute wilfulness. I men-
tion this circumstance because the burst of sentimental
sympathy fdr,the condition of the factory operatives which,
a few years ago, frightened the isle from its propriety, appealed
largely to the number of accidents which happened from
machinery, and I was myself for a time fool enough to
believe that mills were places in which young children were,
by .some inexplicable process, ground—bones, flesh, and
blood together—into yarn and printed calicoes. I remember
very, well when first I visited a cotton-mill feeling something
like disappointment at not discovering the hoppers into
which the infants were thrown. I have since found that such
absurdity it only credited by those who, like myself at that
period, could not tell the difference between a cotton-mill
and a tread-mill. But a very little consideration should have
taught me better ; derangements of machinery are very ex-
pensive accidents to remedy ; and if the millowners of
Lancashire were as reckless of human life as the worst of

their assailants have chosen to describe them, they are cer-
tainly not men likely to disregard their own pockets. I have
had some opportunities of estimating the cost of accidents,
and I know that the engineer's bill is considerably heavier
than the surgeon's. Without at all giving millowners credit

for more thin the average philanthropy of their countrymen
I am quite ready to repose confidence in their anxiety to
prevent accidents, because their own obvious int rests are a
tolerably safe security for their humanity.
" The conditions of health in the mills of urton and
Egerton, and I may add generally in all that I have exa-
mined, are exceedingly favourable. The working rooms are
lofty, spacious, and well ventilated, kept at an equable tem-
perature, and scrupulously clean. There is nothing in sight,
sound, or smell to offend the most fastidious sense. So
much space is occupied by the machinery that crowding is
physically impossible. I should be very well contented to
have as large a proportion of room and air in my own study
as a cotton-spinner in any of the mills in Lancashire. With
respect to the length of time during which the woik is con-
tinned, I must remark that the toil is not very great, nor is
it incessant. The heaviest part of the labour is executed by
the steam-engine or the water-wheel; and there are so many
intervals of rest, that I am under the mark when I assert
that an operative in a cotton-factory is at rest one minute out
of every three during the period of his nominal employment.
On the other hand, these intervals of rest are,brief and quick
in their recurrence; they cannot therefore be turned to any
useful account. Hence I should not be indisposed to give
favourable consideration to a time bill, if its advocates could
show me how the time of labour could be shortened without
the amount of wages being reduced. Some of them no
doubt will say, compel the employers to pay still the same
amount of wages, because in all ages of the world that
philanthropy has been fashionable which consists in being
exceedingly generous at the expense of other people ; but I
should like to know by what process employers could be
forced to pay a rate of wages disproportionate to their pro-
fits. I trust that those who use such arguments will acquit
me of the heinous sin of political economy when I tell them
that acts of parliament could no more control the rate of
wages by direct agency than they could regulate the course
of the winds or the flow of the tide. Indirectly, indeed,
they can effect a great deal; they can close a market against
the products of British industry by refusing to take the only
payment which those who are eager to be purchasers have it
in their power to offer, and having thus turned off the cus-
tomers. the authors of the mischief may turn to the piles of
goods left in the warehouse, and console the disappointed
proprietors with a schoolboy oration on over-production.
" It happened that Messrs. Ashworth had made a reduc-
tion of wages some short time before I visited their facto-
ries. I was anxious to know how this measure had been re-
ceived by the persons in their employment ; and I took the
opportunity, which I found easy enough, of inquiring their
opinions in the absence of their employer and the overseers.
They uniformly stated that Messrs. Ashworth had delayed
making the reduction for weeks after it had beep made by
their neighbours, that they were conscious of their being
forced into the measure by the decay of trade, and this decay
they universally attributed to the refusal of the Government
to admit the materials of payment proffered by those who
were anxious to become our customers. On one occasion,
the group with which I was conversing on the road was
joined by a man who was stated to have belonged to a large
factory which bad just been closed. He described the in-
creasing misery which this event had produced in the district
from which he came—l think the neighbourhood of Ac-
crington—and then quite astounded me by declaring that
abundant means of furnishing food to the- starving, and em-
ployment to the idle, so as immediately to relieve all the dis-
tress of the manufacturing districts, were in the country,
and were perversely withheld. Not a little surprised and
perplexed, I asked him for an explanation. The corn in
bond,' he instantly replied ; ' it would pay for my former
employer's yarn—it would give food to my starving family—
it would set those wheels going which are now likely to turn
another spindle.' Here was a lesson in political economy
from a vagrant cotton-spinner which I had not learned from
my university education or private study. I felt and con-
fessed my obligation. He coolly replied, ` I hope you will
never have such a teacher as I have had—it has been starved
into me 1' I shall feel obliged to any one who gives me the
credit of inventing this anecdote; for the mind that minted
the concluding phrase must have been richly endowed with
the highest attributes of genius."
The next extract we shall make will probably cool the glow
of benevolent sympathy in which our readers may have in-
dulged when reading the above eloquent description of what
has been done externally to promote the comfort of the
operative. Dr. Cooke Taylor, as our readers will find, loses
no opportunity of thrusting forward his free-trade opinions,
wherever he can find a peg to hang them on, and that not
always to the workman's advantage. For instance, he gives
as a reason for cheapening sugar—what will our readers
imagine? That it would be an additional boon to the la-
bouring classes, an additional source of nutriment when in
health, and of comfort in sickness ? No : but that, when
mixed with a due proportion of rhubarb pies and puddings,
it would he a cheap and wholesome substitute for meat. Oh,
Mr. Political Economist! so this is what your cheap sugar
is to come to ? Will you be so good as to recommend this
" cheap and wholesome substitute .for meat" to the Poor
Law Commissioners ? They will thank you for the hint.
But let thn public see your statement at length :
" I prefer visiting the cottages of Turton to those of Eger-
ton ; the latter may be suspected of being something of a
show place. Its immense water-wheel is one of the wonders
of Lancashire, and draws crowds of visitors. Few of them
fail to be attracted by the substantial neatness of the cottages
in the village, and hence the families of the operatives, being
used to inspection, may be supposed in some cases to prepare
for it. This is not the case at Turton, which lies out of the
main lines of road, and is a secluded nook which is not to be
reached without some trouble. The principal village occu-
pied by the operatives is named Banktop, from the circum-
stance of its being situated on the summit of the side of the
ravine remote from Mr. Ashworth's dwelling. The situation,
though
open and
andndairy, is not unsheltered ; the cottages
each are
built of an;
back premisesl with
containsuitable
fromconveniences four toa
sixr
are
re
attached to
them all. did not observe any traces of that taste for the
,7,
cultivation flowers which I found rife among the occupants
of Mr. Ashton's cottages at Hyde, in Cheshire, nor did I
find that any of the operatives raised in their gardens a sup-
plyof vegetables sufficient
lies, as I have found in other places. I saw, however, . som
fine plants of rhubarb, and learned that - arned that they often furnished
materials for dinner in the shape of puddings. Let me here
observe that the domestic economy of the workinr,
popula-
tion would be vastly benefitted by a larger and cheaper sup-
ply of sugar than they can at present obtain. It is obvious
that fruit and rhubarb pies and puddings would be a cheap
and wholesome substitute for meat, if the high price of sugar
did not more than counterbalance the cheapness of the other
materials. I need not apologise to you for introducing this
subject, which many will regard as trifling, for one of the
earliest lessons I learned from your lordship was the import-
ance of the text, " Despise not the day of small things ;' and
for my own part, I regard nothing as trifling Which can tend
in any way to promote the health, the happiness and the
comfort of the working population."
We think Dr. Cooke Taylor might have learned some
more important texts from the Archbishop of Dublin than
one which could lead him to recommend to the poor factory
people fruit and rhubarb pies and puddings as a cheap and
wholesome substitute for meat.

PECUNIARY CRISIS IN AMERICA.

The new Tariff Bill, which bad passed the Senate, was, in
accordance with the general anticipation, vetoed by President
Tyler, on Tuesday, the 9th instant, the same day on which
the treaty between the United States and this country was
signed. The message conveying the determination of the
President, is the 'fourth veto message which that functionary
has sent to the Congress. The President objects principally
to the combination of provisions for distributing the proceeds
of public lands in a bill for raising revenue, in which bill the
duties are placed so high as to defeat the object in view,
while the two objects are totally incompatible with each
other. The news appears to have been received generally,
with extreme pleasure, though many men of business de-
plored the immediate effects of the measure in the depressed
state of the markets. The question most commonly mooted
was, what the majority of the Congress would do when the
labour of eight months had thus been rendered futile. The
President at the conclusion of his message, calls on them to
re-consider the matter, and his desire is, evidently that they
should frame a bill unclogged by the provisions for innova-
tions in the compromise and distribution acts. It was
believed by some, that the Cabinet would immediately
resign, while others thought the Congress would at once
adjourn, leaving the financial affairs of the government in a
state of extreme difficulty. The future news from Washing-
ton was looked for with great anxiety.
The effect of the veto upon business, which was before
dull, had been to produce a complete stagnation. The Stock
Market was greatly depressed, and state Stocks were offered
at rapidly declining prices. Operations in the market were
not frequent, and when they occurred they were chiefly
owing to some temporary demand to fulfil contracts.
From all quarters accounts had been received of the abund-
ance of the grain crops. "We shall be out in our reckon-
ing," says the New York American, " if, before the month
of November, flour be not as low in this market as in 1826.
New Wheat is selling at Rochester, in this State, from 90 to
95 cents per bushel; but this price must fall as soon as the
western wheats, hardly yet thrashed begin to arrive."
The cotton crop, it was said, promised to exceed any be-
fore gathered. The estimates carry up the whole produce of
the cotton growing states this year to two and a half millions
of bales.
The operations in exchange, per the Great Western, had
been extremely limited. The rates were, on England 61 to 7
per cent. premium for sterling bills. Bill on Paris were at
sf. 40 to 5 374.
Freights to Liverpool for cotton had slightly advanced.
For round bales 3-16 d had been obtained.
The news of the satisfactory results of Lord Ashburton's
negotiation had caused great rejoicing in Canada. Lady
Bagot and family had arrived at Montreal. The Montreal
Herald says a great proportion of the recently-arrived emi-
grants were wandering about the streets pennyless and house-
less, without the means or possibility of procuring work.
The advices from Texas, which are to the 27th July, state
that the congress had adjourned on the 23d, the president
having on the preceding day vetoed the bill for authorising a
defensive war against Mexico. Notwithstanding this, pre-
parations were actually making for hostilities ; a body of a
1000 men, by whom Texas had been invaded, were to be
promptly met and a battle was anticipated. Meanwhile
Mexico, Arista, and Santa Anna, were arrayed against each
other and the country was in a state of intestine war.

HO-A " LIBERAL" MAGISTRACY STOP, OR,
RATHER, DO NOT STOP, A RIOT.

On Sunday the 7th of August, a large meeting was held on
Mottram Moor, at which
effect that there should be a general and compulsory cessa-
tion of labour in Ashtdn
o-under-Ly and its neihbourhood
an that on thene day following (Tuesday)
resolutions were passed, to the
should march to Manchester for the purpose,
theon thetur
turn-outs
s day
not only of forcibly stopping all descriptions of labour, but
also of visiting the Exchange, and, as the speaker expressed
gitoo"d. osC
The resolutions passed at the meeting on Mottram Moor,
and the execution of that portion of them which related to
the neighbourhood of Ashton-under-Lyne, were well known
in Manchester about noon on Monday; we heard of them
teaching the
merchants how to give better prices for
,
before three o'clock ; and we have good reason for believing
that they were communicated to the police authorities at or
before that time.
On the evening of the same day, a large meeting was held
in Ashton-under-Lyne, at which the intention of marching
to Manchester on the following morning was again discussed
and affirmed ; and it was perfectly notorious to almost every
person in Ashton and its neighbourhood.
But, notwithstanding these palpable warnings, by which
the civil and military authorities in Manchester ought to
have been put upon their guard, a body of persons, amount-
ing to several thousands, assembled in Ashton on the Tues-
day, and departed for Manchester, not only avowing their
intention of putting an entire stop to labour, but carrying
that intention into effect as they proceeded along the two
roads leading to this town.—Manchester Guardian.

[We only marvel after this that the cottonocracy and their
magistrates did not dispatch a band of music to escort
the rioters to the scene of their triumph.—Ed. L. S.]

The following letter presents a remarkably vivid and true
picture of the financial situation of the United States at the
present time :
" NEW Youx, AUG. 7.--The cry of ' Hard times' has
not been so loud for many years as it is at the present time.
The rich, as well as the poor, feel deeply the general depres-
sion which prevails throughout the country. Merchants,
mechanics, and operatives, from the highest to the lowest
classes, are struggling
against the disasters which have re-
cently come upon the nation in rapid succession, reducing it
from an artificial prosperity to a state of bankruptcy and
ruin. The facilities for obtaining large, loans in England
upon nominal securities have been for several years past so
easy, the ruinous system of granting long credits in every
branch of trade, and the rapidity with which fortunes have
been made in speculations, have all tended to make the peo-
ple believe that the nation was really in a more prosperous
condition than any other on the face of the globe. This belief
led naturally to an extravagance in everything, which soon
reached from one circle to another, till all classes found that
their expenditures were far greater in amount than their in-
comes. Large debts having been unnecessarily contracted
abroad pay-day came round, and the merchants of the Atlantic
cities attempted to collect their dues from the merchants of the
interior states ; and when they in turn called upon their nu-
merous debtors, to their astonishment they found that few
or no collections could be made! The effect of this reached
the Atlantic merchant, and swept onward to the English
manufacturer. The same system and its effects will apply
to the contractors for great state improvements, to complete
which loans were obtained, principally in England, to
enormous amounts, and with astonishing facility ; these, im-
provements were unecessary, because the natural trade of
the country would not warrant them. The inevitable result
of such wild schemes is now two well known—too sadly
known by the English creditor—to require any further re-
mark. Ten of the best states owe at this time, in round
numbers, 150,000,000 do's. ; at the present average value of
the stocks they are worth in the market about half that sum !
and from present appearances, in a few months, they will
not probably be worth one-quarter of the gross amount !
"The political horizon is dark and gloomy. The govern-
ment is reduced to the pitiful' necessity of sending brokers
from one city to another to obtain sufficient funds to keep
the wheels of its offices in motion; but, unable to find these
funds at home, she sends her agents abroad ; her pride may
be brought yet lower by receiving a refusal from England to
render further assistance. England ought to refuse her, and
it is to be hoped that she will, for it will have the effect of
teaching this nation a great moral lesson, which will stand
out in living characters beyond the present generation. The
anationd
boastful
deserves
t() toae
tones
be
deserve made thus t
e humbleha subdued he;r
shhaeu haughty
beeny pride
wickedly wasteful, extravagant, and careless, and now she
must suffer for her follies, and her sufferings must be deeply
felt to be remembered. Finding that she can no longer sus-
tain her credit at home or abroad, and that her reputation is
far gone, she stands like one desperate at a pawnbroker's
door offering her trinkets for the most they will bring, and
in such a questionable shape ! In the meantime she is re-
luctantly compelled to cut down her army and navy, reduce
the pay of her public officers, discharge thousands of her
subordinates, and clip all her expenses as close as possible.
And this the first step of reform, which ought to have been
made long ago. Well it is that the people are following her
example—not from any merit of their own, but from com-
pulsion. It is well. It will teach
them
economy and hu-
mility, and it will make them wise for the future. The peo-
ple as well as the government, are now going through a fiery
ordeal that will try them severely, and they all appear to be
sensible of it. While the nation and the people have passed
this critical stage, real prosperity, gradual and enduring, will
return. How dearly purchased are the great lessons of every
age !" Times of Wediesdall •

_
DARING OUTRAGE AND MURDER.-011 the evening of
Wednesday, the 10th instant, as an offending Protestant,
A namedug
b n aMe 1
oe
yr c, etro,
hiswaresidence nhisway home from the market of
at Glenkean, about three miles
from that town, he was attacked by a party of Roman Ca-
tholics, and beaten so severely that he died on Tuesday last.
Previous to, his death his depositions were taken by Mr.
theH n ghM
apprehension oore, justice
ofw
t of the
men,
both of whom have absconded. The police are making
every exertion to apprehend the offenders. It is rarely that
a deed of blood such as this Occurs intim peaceable county
of Tyrone.—Derry Sentinel.