The Statesman.
London, England, 1820-01-22 00:00:00

Ati 444MA1C1 P.fritiL

pRUSSI.I AND 7716 CONGRESS OF VISIVN
It was my intention to make the Grand
Ham Darmstadt mad the Electorate of Item the
iect of my present coinnianication, but the nommuste
She ekes es which have just taken place is the I
Man alita.stry. and the importance of o hid den net
seem kohe le general uhilerstood be the Journals of this
cpuitcy, require mum particularly to be eaplainal at
Use peewit moment.
Fir/dirt. ever thing origivating in Vienna seem
tat.have a • y influence on the rest of
'fbe sultry poiitleal atmosphere of the place iiiii.fteciirsl
who enter It. To •trinspott a eaiegreige I. 'Mena. is
in Welt a semi-otileiet anotooneeeseut or den spirit,

smatsesi , areas ratbei to have doersuiswi ils-1
creased. Would to ttod that old Ilsehat lived.;
and trite in the full vigour of youth. br thew. perlsppst
Mugs stsiir,lit yet go well. Though Sot fres hi
lift* the shot awl defeats of our age. ha still bsew his
M salmie the power of the people and trne patriothie
The ?allowing Instance way serve as a proof :—Wh
asui Brut proposed to him that be should enter e
r oilid-bistol, he answered. .•I belong trolls ts. t
for ' ala!

teeotell kI. aaffstiati the titilbeences. If thliegi et sealC
she Congress ofIS • head net heed cense In est-
ing,-drinking,• aiiiltlatplog. Napelee, wathl Mt hem
broke • loess treet-Klbt, • Mrd oft mach Urdu New
would sot hare been ah. *liens the bnifh isles b
'eights reach of their threats, Ike" founsi
ender the necessity of making some ragas
ih the resists! Act, • With respect to the t
• of which they raver borrowed a thought. The Kew-
lotions adoLted there, which were carried unto actual
etecution, .1 only wicked clhjectir in view ; m the
dismemberment of Saxony and the cession d theme
sellielently move. -
When the Congress or Carlsbad, and the Diet, with
' indecent haste, appointed a Mopeense Tribunal at Mean!
toeit in judgment oa a conspirvey, *hit% never bad at
eteistenee, Heron Von ihimholdi, the Minister ef
Interior, drew up a alentorial, in which he exposed the
abased, Mega:, anti consequently dangerous nature of
the proceerlioors, to the King, which Memorial was af-
terwards communicated by Prince ilardenberg to Prince
Mettcrttleh. In tlermany, a hope was now generally
eah•etaittesi that the ntslnsvrerahle reasoning, and the
*Ale freedom which characterise all the productlous of
the Nogie IlmnbaNlt, would hare some inAuetice eta the
Austrian Cahluet especially as it was supposed that
the Prosaism tkitart mom have entered into the views of
Humboldt, otherwise it would not have communicated
these Alernolrs to the Anstrian linvernment. These
iiews, however, were only ton unfonnded t and whets
the personal character of Humboldt, and the dark pon-
e! of the Congress of Vienna were considered, the
wonder was how thee roold ever he entertained.
ilarrienbyrg had long entertained the design of pre-
cipitating Ilombolat, hut an involuntary respect (which
the presence of a just man will ever command from a
scontolrel), and the dread of flumboldes popularity,
bad always operated as a restraint on him. An event,
which most 11.111 e appeared at the time inesplieahle to
every uninitiated person, will, perhaps, be recollected,
namely, the sudden nomination of the flattish Count,
Hettistorf, as hlinlater of Foreign .Itrairs i• Prussia.
This was a cabal of Hardenherg against Humboldt.
Through fear hest the Department of Foreign Affairs
shift'd be obtained by the latter (to which his merits
gave him the best Founded 'lain's), and lest he might
iw at the head of affairs after his (Hardeniseres) death.
be Nomad Count Bernstorf. then Ambassador at the
Danish Court, a Minister, and to errore him a certain
precedency. by the aote-riating of the Decree of Noted-
nation, a moat gre.ster authority was communicated to
Lim than what he was properly entitled to. • this
that

(stsdidaleirtite), . I have,
the Wets aglow of my age ; hut tell mks,
ee du to promote the olijeet o: it, and you'll ins
man in u
se: ' Old Hero, thon diedst in grad time
avoid seeing the inevitable calamity of thy eeentry,
iladat thou lived longer, thou worldst have outlived
.dewed(, and thy own faine!
• fake this to be a proper orcasion to ester on the
labjeet of the results of the Congrem of Vienna, whir+
tote by it. means milenlated to excite b,
The only good which will et:lamer
In this; that in order to afford a rs
silerens small lines of tolls which
aft directions will be removed to tl
ley a smell advantage. It is
kith requires to be gratifies', but
ilbgt of constraining the better disposed
only bad Constitutions to the people,
thy of a Vienna Congress. In the
13th article of the Federal Act has _at yet
the Constituting must emanate 1004 e from ,
without any concurrence on the part of the people.—
Ilence every Constitution which from this time forward
shall be the result of a common contract between trusty
and People, its to be deemed an illegal Constitution, anti
the Diet, in case of necessitv, is to oppose itself to its
establialinsent. t) happy Anrtemberg, which lute ob-
tained its Constitution before this 'keret! That the
Prince, however, may not be too gracious towards the
people, and concede to them too much libertv4 the new
Constitution must first be approved by the Ihrt. This
do the:, endeavour to destroy every feeling of indepen-
dence in the people ; and what the people are entitled
to demand as an eternal stud impresenptible right, a
free Constitution, they will only concede to them as a
gift from the Royal bounty. Ail hope that the Princes
of Dermany will Tallow tlie spirit of the times, has dis-
appeared ; fur how ran any thing good proceed from
the Diet in which Austria and Prussia act the part of
censors ?
In my next commnnication, I will reveal the intrigue
by which tire Austrian Ambassador, Count BuolSchaurn-1
stein, so ensnared the first Prussian Envoy at the Diet,l
of whose free sentiments lie was afraid, that at the request
of the Court of Vienna, he was recalled before the open-
ing of its sittings. In a similar manner, the Nether-
land: Envoy, the noble Baron Von tiagern, was recalled,
berate they dreaded the superiority of his understand-
ing, and its influence on the Diet. The hope which has
hero held out, that a year is the utmost extent of the Jar-
rind within which all the States which have yet no flte.l
stitntions, shall receive them, now that we ate Inforieed,

,
By ‘ __
rennin, he was led to hop's., that...free the death ef Hay- as to the nature of these t:onstitutiuns, can hardly 'to
rieftherr lie should succeed to his plate. The Miuistre called a hope. The only good effected by the Cons
of the Interior one afterwards divideddividedbetweenwees IL Von Vienna, is the laying down the rule, that the Diet saeiit
Blauckinaen and M. Vun Humboldt. These two Mini- no right to demand alterations of Conetilotions ; bet'
,tees in every thing stiffer so COlllpietely from each this did not originate in say thing like good intenthans,
other, that the union of opposite principles la oar MINI. hat trout fear, as they were afpsid of Alexander, *hie
re s' might almost appear bulletin's. Shileketanis to • hod amoral the King of Wurteualeetg, his brotheeol
rank pedantiead aristorrat, sort' es the Parisian Ultras inelaw, of the most decided protection, in cow prof
übitrary attacks should be made on him; and they
might wish for a Minister of Jostler. tie haws. free
printliple, all liberal ideas, inervly helms, they are sew, were also afraid of the preppie, was, is soma
ile is thoroughly unacquainted with the present times, and Wurtembkg. "mold not hays tassel] sliflfed ,1
been I themselves to be retitled —Of their palladium. 15411
believes that nothing raw be bet what has already
—in short, lie consider!' the whole world an aritlaseti. i from this may be perceived the melancholy padestce
cal calculation, in which, from the two factors of past i and moderation of the Berman people. We do not elan-1
and present. the future, as a quotient. may mealy be ob- 1 shier so much what is given us. as the ossalser in whteill-
taineil. What is eineidar enough, this yen, moo, who it,is given to us. We are even content with theiedi-
now kanglitity anathematise. every patriotiaestival and cation of good-will. which, however, it is impossible to
seng, entertained opinions altogether different in his expect from the King of Prussia. For, although, by
younger flays; as an instance of which, I need only call virtue of a Decree of the Diet, passed in the moment of
to hie recollection the song which be composed ageinst the Proclamation of the Wertemberg Constitution, an
the Magistrates on amount of the street dung. Bat organic la° "f the 63nstit"timi, the Lie'erty of the
Hardenberg was by no means satisfied with this;--bie Press, was wholly annihilated for five years, still the,
object was to deprive Ilninholdt of all ingeenr, To rotate of IVeirtemberg clapped their hands, bimetal theit
++tg, and said, w if we have no Liberty of the Press,
bring 'the Anstrian Cableet into play, the aboeo-sneo-
tianed blemorial was couttnnaicated to the Prince Von the King at least wished to
_give it to na."
Metternich. This step intention of the greater powers of was not taken with a view to oh- From the whole of the Orlanization of the IMet, the
fain the sauetioa of the Austrian Cabinet to its prinici- Austria and Prumka
pies, bait with a view to effect the ruin of the anther. to stifle every appearance of freedom .in the 'mallet
Bet thong's the Cabal laboured, in this manner, in States also, 'tech as Wurteutherg, Bavaria, lee. ,is only 1
- precipitate ibe noble Humboldt, the proximate and is.- : too evident ; for they have it in their power to conmeatiß II
mediate cause of his dismissal is to be twilight fur in the I whatever they.raan'eam by a I)ecrre of the Diet.—l will
alespotie measures of the Prussian Court, with which Mhere give an 4 plc of the tray and manner in wish*
would not stain his pure heads. The hope of being : the Decrees of the 'Diet are agreed to.
'.ill miefid to his country, as a Member of the Coin. The last tyrannical measures, we were told in tholle-1
rr:iseion fur framing the Constitution, could alone hove elaration which followed them, were wawaialawsly airmail
kept ham so lung in the Ministry ; butt when the ahuli- to. 'This, however, i• a grows falsehood. The-40:.1
lion of die Lanthrehr pointed out,
only too distinctly. nineity was effected in the following ludicrous manlier:—
the path which.the Vienna Congress had determined to • When the resolutions of the Congress of Carlsbad were
!reef+, he world and email nu iiiiiger /matinee to serve. first laid before the Diet, Austria a •••.. Prussia expressed.
Th„re serer was so popular on Inatitotto, is the Low- ' very undisguisedly, the wish that ...s subject should
of the whole of the . not he brought to a vote. in order that a ronvietion of
velar, that is. the general arming
ow.. impolatio„. ft was dewed with the most ardent 1 their unanimity might be entertained. Several Beroys
attachment by the whole people, because every indiei. I however, opposed this, and whets the votes were takes,
deal could say. " I 1ii4.1 th share in it." ge4„h„et ; several were found against it. On this Austria pros
wee the tiret author of this new system,. sad the late : Pmed, as it was of great importance that this Decree
Minister of War, Van 80, em. carried it into execs. should be laid before the people as unanimously adopted,
Van. it was a main object of the Tetgease.Seed to a sew vote should be taken, whether the Derive should
train the whole of the fieriest' youth, that, whenever a be published as agreed to unanimously or merely agreed
favonrable ounne.st presented itself, they might rise up Ito6v a majority. As in this new voting, a majority
maims' ago here slitary rneray of tiermany. l'he Ream determined it should be drawn up as watanimairrty
eTtecaT tiaiette wouittwieTifirpetiaidarlie ?birdie ' tn.. this shameful Decree. which copeerts
wohremanstrelfiwin ihr free trill of the ring, on nide), at dating and smaller States into mere poppet., d
leament tie lnstitution may again be abolished by tho thy Austria and Prussia, was laid before the poop t tic
Room will. lust no argument is accessary to prove that the result of wieriaimity. Can any thing be more fib.
. a voluntary arming of the whole People must have wrigi- I Med? Were the slightest energy to any of the Gellman
nated seorein tit', free trill of the people than that atlas I billastat the present moment, he might acquire*,
Prince. Norms.. r, the Tagearl4wad caused arms of all ' greatest popularity with more ease tissaany Prince ev
sorts to he secretly annum factored. for the Landwebr, to I acquired it, and unite all Germany under him.
the Thuringian ['ores,. awl partieoloriy io the county advantage of the middling' and smaller States demo
of Ilennelierg, long before any free will of the King i this. They are completely oppressed when they beg
use expressed on the eultject. It was the Larultrelar sto oppress. Of foreign enemies we are not in dread. A
who, by their teandwrle,.s sacrifices, gained the victory united people is unconquerable.
over the french. .111 the Students voluntarily entered The condition of Germany is now such that I anew,.
. their ranks, width the free nil of the King rood not .yes, without hesitation, To an importers: question whigh
have effected. Can there he a greater tomtit to a people. j a certain Prince pin in the year 'tree, in a Free 1.11 1
than for a Government to view all the aouilierleaa *eel- Ledge. Thu Diet has only brought calamity on li .1
belts whirls they willinglymade on the altar oftlk* nanny. 41 has destroyed the liberty of the press e
oruatry, in the light of a ;Istitel fulfilment of the Ns Ottivattillss, sad tbgladepeneknee df the States I
will ofthe Pripce?
.I=l.l rank, veil never yet dose gag i good. Fo t e
_ -.._
J 1 this alinlition of the Laidwebe had ipeee ealloryted .. complaints of the purchasers of the, W ir 1
tr.ith any very important rotates, if tar medial( i non domains hare not even been attended to.
sr*, it iftigfit hr imagined that it Imp the resale of : Etylasil has been exerting herself to prevent p
eurnetinaarial operatintis arrest looportaset; bpt there : iodindools front retrying un a trade io men. y 1
IR no room fur any *ltch supposition I for the assertion in ; doss she sot exert herself to put dews the sbamefoL ft-
O. -filer/ruins Zedsne. that the companies are to last,! human ten& which the Priam carry on with dully
. petered to 30 niro, is by no means official. Would this !subjects? Have Princes an Initinaity AM lseforeAmed
intent* give ries• to so .much irritation if it had no. , for all crimes which they may commit ? Have they
noway for its object? Prussia plays a held game, in . ales@ • right to commit all shameful sad etrotiotkpc-
endeavouring to bring back she cosiotry to the same I Boas with iropnoity ? Truly I coil them nut • . .. 0.
stale in Ifitirh it Isis twenty yours ago. The playing . Toady we have this Lori. te-utotruw we have aaOllllV.
at seldirra (3vklattoi-Sydrle). the oreporepoiogr /aro- tooday we pay one immuot of lose% sod to-note ay Ilmi:
gone, og the Noble Miners. this cootempt foe civil iron- : doubler for the meat sacred oaths, that by ibis s Hos
. Lloyments, lemma, ribur ma, with aver; sarialthough ilia Taraisest the uld institutions shall not be violet. air
,
Ail% "" his loirisiisloroof to awls (as he said to 1 turtles ander foot. All faith and truth Is at ap4o
sof of my Obese an sir of importameat a muter , Parisi* the word of a Prince was asaiiderid as sa

. pros sus JAMAICA COUIWIT, Roff.sl-
- COCHRASIL

we tears, braree:bee:t umiak; from Carthage**. that
an Americas sc had 'Mead at slag port after a
alma pump from Porto Bello. mod companicated in-
formation that the lastargent privateer. arbkh had
off Panama, had proceeded frnm them" Aid spat there
was a free ingress into the port for traders; she also
Oases, that a packet had arrived with lettari from Lima,
saying. that the Spanish vessels of war free Cadiz, had
arrived off the port of Callao, and two lasorgent pri.
vateers, which annoyed the Royalists' vessels, imme-
diately made off.
•••• information is arrived from the Victory, of Lord
called the Rose, from
dollars on board.
eiremwstanco, sent

Sapphire, it the
that he woeid
vessel, which
that !trifle!
property."
moment, in
large share
Averse', and yet
there is no certain canoe aisigued for it; there are, how-
ever, many speculative opinions epee it, bet hitherto all
notions respecting the disordered sheaths. of she com-
mercial world rest merely upon eoniecture. In this
island, we have long considered that the stagnation
was occasioned by the operations of the corsairs, which,
at present, infest these seas, under the pretext of act-
tog in behalf of the Insurgents on the Spanish Ame-
rican Continent, more especially from the presence
of that species of force on the Pacific Ocean.
We doubt not, that the trade on the south; rn part'
of the Continent is a good deal interrupted; and,
['yet we cannot think that this cause alone would have
conducild to the unexam,ileil morbid state of commerce
among us. It has been always admitted by able politi-
cians, that an excessive duty defeats the obiect of a tax ;
that heavy duties operate as an additional incitement to
a concretised trade; and that the adventurous smug-
gler pockets a large share of the gain thus produced,
to the injury of the lioverninent and ruin of the fair

•

We have rarely met with a case wore in point than the
errors so apparent in the political economy of the Spa-
nish Government, not only in Spain, but in her Colo-
nies.—ln proof, it is only necessary briefly to in-
quire into the facts, connected with the subject
in South America. British goods, ou being im-
ported into Panama, pay a duty of 24 per cent. and
12i per cent. additioual, when the goods have not
been previously paid fur, on the specie received
in return, forming together a charge of 36 per
cent. As Pomona can only be looked upon, in the same
way as this city is, as an oat repot, the purchaser reships
the goods to other ports on the South American coast;
this sofijects them to a duty of two per cent.; and, if they
are sent to Lime, an additional charge of 42 percent. is
there imposed; or. if they are sent to San Blas, the duty
.fst that quarter is 334 per cent. Hence it is clear that
goods sent to Peru or Mexico, without taking to account
freights, insurance, transit by land, Ice. pay in duties
sionctlll per cent, in one direction and 7145 r evel. in
ths .1401014 .bet as the goads IA valued a tariff
MO a
t far their value, nod all costs charges
on their transit to Lima or San Bias, the obstacles
this °Feted to the trade must be self-evident; but this
is nit all, for the returns are subject to heavy duty.
!ipeele or trillion being the only articles which can be
brought from Panama. from the difficulty and expence
of con g more bulky articles across the Isthmus;
and iftlttl; specie be brought from Lima to Panama, it
pays a duty of nine per cont. on export, and one m•
eeitt. oa import ; or, if the money be shipped at San
Bias, it then pays a duty of six per cent., and at. Panama
one pee cent., exclusive of freight, insurance. &c. sub-
ject in every ease to an imposition of duper cent. on its
exportation to Jamaica. It is hardly possible to show
more glaring errors in the political economy of any na-
tion, and of the bar which such inipolicy interposes to
the fair trader, and the immense loss to the Spanish I
revenue, by thus offering such an enormous premium
to tho smuggler.
The whe!e of the roast, from Porto Cabello to Vera
Cent, is open to British trade ; that is to say, from long.
fkl. to long. 97. The trade to Porto Cabello has long
1%-en on the increase, and it is well known that an immense
trade has for some time been carried on between the
Ihmish islands and that part of the Spanish Main. The
Spanish Boversinient, we presume, would not he able to
ind proofs of the fact in any official document ; but of
Ii
the truth of this statement we entertain no doubts.

We feel very sincere pleasnre at the information we
hove lately heen favoured with, that an Officer, who re-
@fitly waited on the Viceroy of Santa Fe, fully explain-
s" to him the true cense of the continued smuggling
le carried on, and of the injurious consequence It had
ipon the revenues of the t'rown of Spain: sad we on.
erNtand that his Excellency was so sensible of the
errors in the Spanish revenue laws, that regulations are
,moot to be adopted to give encouragement to the fair
trader, which must produce immense advantages to the
tra of this civ.—(Kiarstors Chrimiele.)
• • too".
he fallowing extract of a letter from Montego bey,
dated Oct. It, confirms the account of an attach epos
1 Manebsolla de Cuba, not by filitiregor, however, as we
then suspected, hut by the Commander of the Yearns.
Ilan brig 14bertador:—
' " The American schooner Pegasus, Sommers, master.
came in here on the 20th inst. She was originally from
Philadelphia. with a cargo of flour to be delivered at
Sleneinells, on hoard a vessel waiting there to receive it.
Captain Summers reports, that on arriving off Mend-
nella, his vessel was laid hold of by Captain Chitty, of
the Venesuelian brig Libertador, who, on the pretence of
its bring Spanish property, took the flour, and pat it
on board of another vessel he had with him, to be sent
to Rio Bueno or Dry Harbour, in this island, as was re.
ported ; but subsequent information fixes Kingston as
the pert of her destination. Captain Chitty paid the
American Captain 2410 dollars In cash. and then allowed
the schooner to depart. without water. for which she has
pat in here, and is now taking in, and will sail tomtor-
row for Philadelphia."

Javrtim Pscraits.—A meettng, composed of persons
of the Jewish persuasion, was convened yesterday, at
the City of :Ambit Tavern for the purpose of adopting
neresares fur the relief of the lower order of Jews. Mr.
OW. Isluntetiore, brother-in-law to the banker, Mr.
I Rothschild, was railed to the Chair. Several Jewish
merchants of meineoce In the City yoke on the sees-
oleo, who proposed a variety of Res4etions for she sp.
rheason of a Vommittee carcarry later effeet the clod•
ie purposes of Ai meetieg, sad 4 were eabeeribed
bribe it brake lip.

TIIF. STATESMAN.
/61/N.4.A( its Cioards), hha Nailed •• leech * kk "the are 11" Ila
'I bids in aeU4pry usagers, that hh , seem: Cut this Os t
Melly ofl . die 310katto hi .pe *Seemm of isigh? !Dos there eau swim
the fissi ooght aft ail Inali bights yew the , j %ad &NUM he ' apt abase
wows of that 11061:10111 is searching ought to raise their as esre:slois Is the vire it of
ti,* ha Wpm ; yet She quielthes. of Mit eft la politleal A Ossim.
40,, Duo osatiess seems ratbec to hare dormaed than ,
-t. -t mimed. Would to (Sod that old illarbet stilt lived, I rSitf: • JiAmdied pArjral.

FTFNPI VI
ate hopes forthe tutors. Cochrane having taken *brig, called the li
toe from it, will consist Lima, hound to Pamela', with 4110,000 toilers
relief to trade, the mu- lieneral Hort, os nalerstasodiug this circuses
It Intersect Uermancin the intormatieu te Capt. Hsrt, of the Sorph
the frontier.. But that, time lying fa Oa 2sl, Chains' to revflort tba
nut the otootolOt al send.llllld 4tiosed die B.'l'olloas of the yes
it the heart alma 0401 41e4hip refused to defies" up, saying
lispused Primes to emits shoild serer be a serer for enemy's
min, is altogether won-
he countries where the The unprecedented state of trade at this
es not yet been fulfilled, Peery quarter of the world, swages a very I
close front the Prince,' of public attention; the pressuree is waivers:
• . _ :•