The Statesman.
London, England, 1823-07-30 00:00:00

SWANSEA RACES.

These Races commenced on Thu slay, and although the
weather for the lest eight or nice days preceding was very
boistrous, the town on the above morning assumed a care
animated appearance, and the course displayed a nuinh..r.
gay equipages, and a large concourse of spectator., on f .ut
and on horseback. The first race was for a plate of :At sits,
the gift of the Corporation of Swansea, for horses of eve y
denomination. Two mile heats.

Mr Morgan's eh Broomstick I
Mr Bradtey's br h Valentine •2
Mr P. Tomb's ch h Polecat. :i :3
The Second Race, for a Handicap Stakes of .S soy.; earl',
with 20 sots from the Fund, for horses, &c. of 'every .-
nomination. Two mile heats.
Mr William's Metorins.
Mr B. Datia's g m Primrose
Mr Morgan's Sweetbrier 3 2
Both races were 'well contested.

A CHALLRNOI TO CABBAGE.—(From the
Monolog Post.)—We are requested, by Patrick
an honest Patlander of some celebrity in the Prize Rine,
to say, that having seen in the Morniag Post, an ac-
count of a battle between Cabbage and the Irish Gipsey,
in which Cabbage was declared the victor, and it briny
stated, that Cabbage would be hacked fur 100 sove-
reigns, be, Halton, will accommodate Cabbage far that
or a greater sum ; he will accept an invit lion to any
part of England, where be will- cut up CAI) ige in a
style not to be equalled by any other customeritlas been
Cabbage's good fortune to meet with.
At the Borough Sea-ions held at Reading on Tn-s lay
last, one man, on receiving sentence of transporteien
thanked the Magistrates, and said it was just what he
wished for.—(Beeks Gazette )
On Friday, Patrick M'Connick, John Reilly, Atchai I
Smyth, Anthony Donovan, Mathew Donovan, Edmond
Flood, and James Kelly, were tried at Trim for the rob
bery of the Belfast and Derry Mail Coaches, on the
nights of the 31 of January' and the 8 It of Aptil It- .
when the whole were convicted.

The following melancholy accident occurred on To--
day afternoon about 4 o'clock, in Pipe*?llgate, tistes-
head, near Newcastle. The water from a pump th re
having become muddy, William Masterina4, a keelman,
attempted to descend the well in whicb.it was tired, for
the purpose of clearing away the sand, bat ha 1 not g
more than half way down, when he fell to the 'lotto n of
the well. Ills wife, who was standing rear, called bin
for help, when Edward'Crone, the manager of the bates.head gas works hard by, instantly ran to her assistanc-,
and passing a noose of a rope round his thigh, went
down, bet bad scarcely reached the bottom, before he
became insensible, from the effects of lout air, and lost
the hold of the rope with his hands. The persons at the
top sot perceiving Crone move, nor receiving any answer
to their repeated calls, proceeded to haul him tm by the
rope, which fortunately fixed close round his thigh, and
they succeeded in drawing him to the stutter, but so
overcome was be with the foal fair, that he remained in
a sta,e of insensibility for nearly half an hour before he
recovered. In the mean time grappling iron• had been
procured, and after much dithculiy, owing to his clothes
being much torn, and repeatedly giving way nith his
weight, the body of Masterman was drawn up, hot we
regret to state, life was quite extinct. On Wednesday,
the Coroner's Jdry returned a verdict of Accidental
Death.—He has left a widow and four children.
ATTENTIVIC Win !—The fo lowinz curious advertise-
ment appears in an American paper:—" Notice is hereby
given, that all persons are forbid trusting any lipor to
Andrew Scarlett, (soy hustrand,) a hereby he gets drunk,
and makes a beast of himself! All persons, therefore,
are cautioned against letting him have a dive f any kind,
fur I will not pay no debt of his contracting for litl or.
SARLB SCAULIGTT."

C as EXCIJANOIL—There are mod•r..t-
0 ain this week, but another large wiantii
Wheat, 4,50 a; Barley, 420; Oats, 6,100
7,5110 sacks. The Wheat trade is very dull,
prices. Barley looks upwards. Beans al
unaltered. Oats dull and heavy .at the to
'suarket.d4y. Flour will'uut be hig7ler at p 7

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DIPROiEMENT OF Tillk

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CITY 01 LONDON TAYCRN.
Yesterday a Meeting was bold at the City of London
Tavern, pursuant to public advertisement, addressed by
Mr. Owen, of New Lanark, to the Nobility, Gentry,
Professions, Bankers, Merchants, and Master Menefee-
, turers, for the purpose of taking into consideration the
present state of Ireland. The Meeting was numerous
• and highly respectable. Amongst the distinguished
persons present, we noticed the Duke of Leinstsr, the
Honourable Leicestee Stanhope, Mr. Hamilton, of Delval,
Sir John Doyle, and others. A number, of Ladies sat
next the Chair, and added their countenance to the bate-

volrnt object of Mr. ()wen.
Atsbout half pest 12 Mr. Owen made bis appearance.
and immediately after toots the Chair; be was received
with loud and general marks of applause; when silence
was restored.
Mr. Owen, rose and addressed the Meeting to the fol-
lowing effect:—

IV* have met here this day to consider what remedy ears
be found for the distresses of Ireland ; and it is a subject
possessing claims to our serious attention too powerful
and too generally aeknowledged,to render it necessary that
I should occupy the time of this Meeting with any introduc-
tory observations.
' It will be admitted that no effectual remedy can be ex-
pected to be applied until the nature and cause of those dis-
tresses shall be ascertained.
The evil is twofold ; It consists in the waist of productive
employment, and in the existence of religious differences;
and so long is these causes continue in operstipn, it is
impossible that the condition of Ireland can be late-
iterated.
We have therefore to ascertain, in the Ant place, why
productive employment cannot be found for the Irish pea-
' sant end labourer.
Productive employment is, either natural or artificial.
Natural productive employment is, that tbroogh which the
individual by his labour produces more than he consumes,
and whatever the excess may be, in the same propoetion
it is a gain to one or more individuals, a gain to the world.
Artificial productive employment is that which. under the
present commercial system of society, renders it oecessary
that a trading profit should be left to the producers.
These two kinds of employment have no connection with
each other. The first, or natural productive employment,
may be given to all, until poverty shall be removed from
society, and the world be saturated with real wealth; but
no arrangements have yet been made to admit of the intro-
due ion of this employment in practice. The other, or sr-
productive employment, is the mode to which the
industry of man has here hitherto restricted, in the creation
of wealth. It is a system most defective In principle, and
calculated to continue only until a certain stage civilization
is attained, beyond which period it will create poverty, and
not wealth.
The period referred to is, that when science may be made
to supersede, in a general degree, the work of ordinary men,
and when in consequence, manual labour ceases to be of
sellicient value to support human existence in adequate com-
fort, compared with the progress of civilisation. That pe-
riod is now arrived; the inventions sod discoveries in the
sciences of mechanism and chemistry in particelir, have
crested a new power at the disposal of society, which Is,
even now. in the infancy of these improaerneuns,' far more
. than sufficient to over-simply every want of life, and If pro-
perly directed, to remove all want, or the fear of want,
front the whole of society, although the population of the
world were to be increased twenty, thirty. or fifty fold.
The time is therefore come when the system of artificial
productive employment must cease to exist, and when it
must give place to another; to one• which will better fulfil
the purposes of mankind; e ne, that will immediately enable
society to saturate itself with real wealth, that is, with a
full supply of all those productions which can contribute
to the well bring and happiness of humeri life. Under a
se••••em of natural productive employment, arrangements
rs• y be formed in which a due proportion of the useful
-sciences, and of manual labour may he so combined, as
Voet every portion of the working classes may with ease,
c.onfert, and pleasure, create an abundant supply for them-
se tea. and also a large and more valuable surplus for the
use of others, then the industrious part of society has ever
set ',melded for the higher cl .
The late rapid progress which has been made in the useful
sciences, has gradually.produeed such changes as render it
r.seessary that this system should be now introduced, in or-
der that ignorance and poverty may be withdrawn from so-
ciety ; and it is the direct interest of every one that these
sconrgea of the human race should be withdrawn, as soon
es the means of extirpating them are is our power. That
it is not necessary that poverty should longer exist any
where, may be deduced from the knowledge of one single
feet, which is. that, in leas than half a century, Great 110-
lain alone has acquired a new power from science, which
vary much exceeds the whole manual poder of the world,
sal with that power, and her present population of td mil-
o:!s, if she knew how to direct them, Great Britain might
amply supply knit' of Europe with fond, and the whole of
E 'rope and the Americas with ail their other wants.—This,
more than this, were there any necessity or utility In
the measure. could be accomplished, under a system of na-
te ral productive employment, by means of the soil, science,
and manuni power at present possessed by Great Britain
it,!d [relent Tile Government of Ireland; however, is re-
q,i-ed to provide for • population of 7 millions only, from
a soil and a power scientific and manual, more than suffi-
cient to maintain four times that number, in a state of
greater comfort than is experienced at present, by any poe-
tic n of those 7 millions.
It is probah'm that not more than " one-seventh " of the
inhabitants and proprietors of Ireland can be considered to
be above the rank of the working class; It which ease,
there is a population of six millions to provide for them-
selves, and for one million more. The system which at pre-
sent prevails in Iceland is evidently incompetent to enable
those six millions to support this one million lied them-
ariVen, although they shout.: be content to exist under the
deprivation of 'tiniest all the comforts of human life. As
• a remedy for this state of things, Mr. Goillburn, the Chief
:Secret ery for lieland, recommends "encouragement to
emigration. and a replier system of coercion." This is the'
essence of his practical knowledge respecting the best mode
of governing Ireland ; and, while so governed, It would be
• 'looter of surprise, indeed, If Ireland presented a different
a ppearithett from that of her present condition. There ne-
.
• ver has been but ours ratioael.mode of ameliorating the eon-
chtion of any people, namely, by the adoption of measures
wriclt produce an improvement in the character of the Wi-
n:deals; sod by which they can, in the best manner, create
wealth and enjoy it ;„and the Government most to be de-
sired is, that whin/ill/tactically seeks to accomplish these
edsi eels . ••mt.
Mr. Secretes, Itlealbern, is consequence of hie own
valuableemetifeeee, will, perbilimi, now admit that these ob-
joe's are not very likely to be attained, either by emigration
or, coercion, or by making speeches in Parliament which do
nst convey any ides. of practical utility.
Ireland is now in a condition so miserable, that it would
be essentially benefited, In many of its districts, by the in-
troduction, in its lowest state, of the system of natural pro-
ductive employment. I have already stated; that, by this
syNtetn, I mean arrangements welch will admit of an indivi-
dual, either male or female, being employed, whenever by
their industry they can produce more in the year than they
cuusuoir. If, indeed, these individuals, are to be supporW
in any kind of existence, it is obvious to practical -sat
they had far better be employed than remain idle, skim*
their labour did not return a half, a fourth, or an eighth of
their consumption. or.this truth, obvious !mall intelligent
practical men, statesmen and men of theory, seem to have
little or no knowledge. For, bad they possessed any, they
would have adopted measures long ago to employ the pea-
santry of fret/pd, rather than allowed so many of there in
omen generation to remain in idleness, to be taught habits
the most injurious to themselves and others, and to be
breed to acquire feelings of discontent with their wretched
condition.
I wish now to direct the attention of the public to a very
different system from that which bas been hitherto pursued ;
to one, which shall provide productive employment for an
the working elasses. The modern political economists, or
men of mere theory, will say, no • for it is contrary to their
not.on of the vastly profound science of political economy,
that the working classes should have employment .found for
thew. No; these GOWICSIM of mere words without ideas,